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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
fcdfc8931654984011b11e0601a4ed9a16c74d7a	trayed towers consist of a vertical column with	trayed towers consist of a vertical column with liquid flowing in the top and out the bottom. the vapor phase enters in the bottom of the column and exits out of the top. inside of the column are trays or plates. these trays force the liquid to flow back and forth horizontally while the vapor bubbles up through holes i...	wikipedia
ca3abfd17de4e94252c253a3acd9950f0ca33877	stripping works on the basis of mass transfer.	stripping works on the basis of mass transfer. the idea is to make the conditions favorable for the component, a, in the liquid phase to transfer to the vapor phase. this involves a gas–liquid interface that a must cross. the total amount of a that has moved across this boundary can be defined as the flux of a, n.	wikipedia
818dd4acd84ec1071fd26506b59f41f6dccf077e	stripping is a physical separation process where one	stripping is a physical separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream. in industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows. stripping is usually carried out in either a packed or trayed column.	wikipedia
542f34bb9c2e8cdc597bb9cdd9348d34d0ea855c	in july 2016, nhs england agreed a managed	in july 2016, nhs england agreed a managed access agreement (maa) for translarna providing reimbursed patient access to translarna in england via a five-year maa. this followed a positive recommendation from the national institute for health and care excellence (nice) in april 2016, subject to ptc and nhs england final...	wikipedia
ad2420619c1c9a629e816f6df77005571c77b99c	in february 2016, fda declined to accept ptc	in february 2016, fda declined to accept ptc therapeutics new drug application for ataluren, which was based on a clinical trial in which ataluren missed its primary endpoint; ptc appealed and the fda declined again in october 2016.	wikipedia
bf006f82d310d3b29f00d4f18c7bcd58bc42d050	in may 2014, ataluren received a positive opinion	in may 2014, ataluren received a positive opinion from the committee for medicinal products for human use (chmp) of the european medicines agency (ema) and received market authorization from the european commission to treat people with nonsense mutation duchenne muscular dystrophy in august 2014; a confirmatory phase i...	wikipedia
aaa5d8bf9b23e68723b0518f9e177f5a30a35995	ataluren was discovered by scientists at ptc therapeutics	ataluren was discovered by scientists at ptc therapeutics in a collaboration with lee sweeney 's lab at the university of pennsylvania, which was initially funded in part by parent project muscular dystrophy. the team used phenotypic screening of a chemical library to identify compounds that increased the amount of pro...	wikipedia
d905a277bebcce70e67d24e684395c7685f5cdca	the european medicines agency review on the approval	the european medicines agency review on the approval of ataluren concluded that "the non-clinical data available were considered sufficient to support the proposed mechanism of action and to alleviate earlier concerns on the selectivity of ataluren for premature stop codons."	wikipedia
d5e054c6c438727b72eb02e72e78107fa0abb86b	studies have demonstrated that ataluren treatment increases expression	studies have demonstrated that ataluren treatment increases expression of full-length dystrophin protein in human and mouse primary muscle cells containing the premature stop codon mutation for duchenne muscular dystrophy and rescues striated muscle function. studies in mice with the premature stop codon mutation for c...	wikipedia
20aa5a7eafb75bdf46b0fe7dfc1093d2b824535e	ataluren is thought to make ribosomes less sensitive	ataluren is thought to make ribosomes less sensitive to premature stop codons (an effect referred to as "read-through") by promoting insertion of certain near-cognate trna at the site of nonsense codons with no apparent effects on downstream transcription, mrna processing, stability of the mrna or the resultant protein...	wikipedia
bdff240d5fbf3184170b5618001686c48d649d6f	aminoglycosides should not be given to someone taking	aminoglycosides should not be given to someone taking ataluren, as they interfere with its mechanism of action. caution should be used with drugs that induce ugt1a9, or that are substrates of oat1, oat3, or oatp1b3.	wikipedia
f0cc80f66e9f37b37a5577dbc3320a47e56f38ae	more than 10% of people taking ataluren in	more than 10% of people taking ataluren in clinical trials experienced vomiting; more than 5% experienced diarrhea, nausea, headache, upper abdominal pain, and flatulence; between 1% and 5% of people experienced decreased appetite and weight loss, high levels of triglycerides, high blood pressure, cough, nosebleeds, ab...	wikipedia
f3a360fb69c915e316cdc629fb9eeb550099ab6c	ciara sivels is an american nuclear engineer at	ciara sivels is an american nuclear engineer at the johns hopkins applied physics laboratory. she was the first black woman to earn a ph.d. in nuclear engineering from the university of michigan. she was named an if/then ambassador in 2019 by the american association for the advancement of science.	wikipedia
80b720e7dd8240d4d068b84e675ac249152e700e	in 2019, sivels was chosen to be one	in 2019, sivels was chosen to be one of the 125 national american association for the advancement of science if/then ambassadors. the award recognizes the work of women in science, technology, engineer and mathematics fields as part of an outreach initiative to encourage the representation of women in stem fields. subs...	wikipedia
6682e783df626da84d2e06c41372bc7bb6deab42	during her graduate studies, sivels was one of	during her graduate studies, sivels was one of three black women completing their phd. she engaged with the detroit pre-college engineering program, supporting high school students from minority backgrounds. she also founded the women in nuclear engineering in radiological sciences group at uom. in 2018, sivels was the...	wikipedia
031dbcd46d829a469c981679491ada6acf775e45	sivels joined the university of michigan (uom) in	sivels joined the university of michigan (uom) in 2013 for her graduate studies, working on beta - gamma coincidence-detectors and nuclear forensics with sara pozzi. her thesis considered nuclear nonproliferation using radioxenon for nuclear explosion monitoring in collaboration with the pacific northwest national labo...	wikipedia
404211a7bff22ffdd1dc89d0c710befd9c303d22	she completed her undergraduate studies at massachusetts institute	she completed her undergraduate studies at massachusetts institute of technology, during her time at mit, sivels interned for teach for america before considering a career in academic research. she also served in various leadership roles at the mit chapter of the national society of black engineers.	wikipedia
08c406b3904adff0f47d9c2949ecb2444c0384b7	sivels is from chesapeake, virginia. she attended hickory	sivels is from chesapeake, virginia. she attended hickory high school. sivels was originally interested in culinary arts, but took an advanced placement class in chemistry and became interested in science. sivels was initially interested in	wikipedia
d388ca7cb73f84b8175ea98347f77e550a724cd4	ciara sivels (born 1990) is an american nuclear	ciara sivels (born 1990) is an american nuclear engineer at the johns hopkins applied physics laboratory. she was the first black woman to earn a ph.d. in nuclear engineering from the university of michigan. she was named an if/then ambassador in 2019 by the american association for the advancement of science.	wikipedia
d0bdd24edb0bf73d2196ca65703619d5d69386fd	metin sitti is the director of the physical	metin sitti is the director of the physical intelligence department at the max planck institute for intelligent systems in stuttgart, which he founded in 2014. he is also a professor in the department of information technology and electrical engineering at eth zurich, a professor at the school of medicine and college o...	wikipedia
51e2b7a676eb1e3430ac61add55bbcaa992703d4	metin sitti co-founded setex technologies inc. in pittsburgh,	metin sitti co-founded setex technologies inc. in pittsburgh, usa in 2012 to commercialize his lab's gecko-inspired microfiber adhesive technology as a new disruptive adhesive material (branded as setex®) for a wide range of industrial applications.	wikipedia
aa3d6f6895fbd33fc89247dcc123db14a2aa1638	sitti has published two books and over 460	sitti has published two books and over 460 peer-reviewed papers, over 300 of which have appeared in archival journals. his group's research breakthroughs have been featured in the popular press, such as new york times, wall street journal, le monde, the economist, der spiegel, forbes, süddeutsche zeitung, science, new ...	wikipedia
01f7bea76abaace4e0b3fb88024f6ebb6fbeb825	sitti also received the rahmi koç medal of	sitti also received the rahmi koç medal of science (2018), best paper award in the robotics science and systems conference (2019), ieee/asme best mechatronics paper award (2014), spie nanoengineering pioneer award (2011), best paper award in the ieee/rsj intelligent robots and systems conference (1998, 2009), and nsf c...	wikipedia
1cae7a817a47e0ad7c0ef5a587e65a291959431f	sitti is an acclaimed scientist. on november 9,	sitti is an acclaimed scientist. on november 9, 2020, exactly 31 years after the fall of the berlin wall, sitti was presented with the «breakthrough of the year» award 2020 in the engineering and technology category by the falling walls world science summit. in march 2019, he received a prestigious advanced grant from ...	wikipedia
f071eebbe7d337e95d595b3b4d7d2fac78cc9a1b	sitti received his bsc and msc degrees in	sitti received his bsc and msc degrees in electrical and electronics engineering from boğaziçi university in istanbul in 1992 and 1994, respectively, and his ph.d. degree in electrical engineering from the university of tokyo in 1999. he was a research scientist at uc berkeley from 1999 to 2002 and a professor at the d...	wikipedia
da9162af646b1acaefdc4ac1ba1500724222e157	however, many challenges must still be overcome before	however, many challenges must still be overcome before these tiny robots can be applied in clinics. the scientists are still faced with many challenges: they must develop ways to move and control these tiny robots inside the body with high levels of precision, taking body fluid flows and organ movement into account. th...	wikipedia
ba0b6cc09d590d294509b926c20bc079e9c1d5de	soft milli- and microrobots such as those metin	soft milli- and microrobots such as those metin sitti and his team are developing hold huge potential and could one day have a radical impact on medicine. the scientists are working towards developing wireless tiny machines that in the near future will perhaps be able to access difficult-to-reach regions inside the bod...	wikipedia
9ea33f91d13869c462bc9c4ea085ac839a2385e6	third, there is the mobile microrobots thrust, which	third, there is the mobile microrobots thrust, which metin sitti hopes will one day be a standard in healthcare or biotechnology. microrobots, through their miniature size at a sub-millimeter scale (they are less than 1mm in all dimensions), could one day be able to access enclosed spaces such as microcapillaries insid...	wikipedia
02f8c8bee0230867f5753b2b5f5538b8b0537bc4	second, there is the mobile millirobots thrust where	second, there is the mobile millirobots thrust where the robots are often down to 1 mm in size. metin sitti and his team look at insects, lizards, jellyfish, and many other small-scale organisms and try to understand the animal's locomotion principles and apply that knowledge to create robots at the small scale. there ...	wikipedia
55730362c1e2be96931847668c7d1da14684a3a5	the science in the physical intelligence department is	the science in the physical intelligence department is structured into three research thrusts. first, there is the advanced materials thrust where the researchers develop new bio-inspired, biological or synthetic materials for encoding physical intelligence into small-scale robots. as an example, his team designs, manu...	wikipedia
a429deefd06ab10b63f67cd19217194f9cf7a909	metin sitti and his team's research ranges from	metin sitti and his team's research ranges from small to milli- to microscale. some robots are so tiny they have the size of a hair. obviously, you can't add much hardware to such a small robot, so you have to be able to steer them around from outside, remotely. magnetic, acoustic or light energy is the external force ...	wikipedia
5d76c94a9ecb09f1f24e8e2028afc14b0c75807e	there is intelligence through brain power – neurons	there is intelligence through brain power – neurons gathering and transmitting electrochemical signals that make a human, an animal or insect think. but there's another form of intelligence, and that is through the way the body is built. a gecko has feet that helps it stick to practically any surface, making his struct...	wikipedia
d33e7810dbd1b0f900bf8a94286784a12170bd65	metin sitti is a pioneer in wireless tiny	metin sitti is a pioneer in wireless tiny medical robots, gecko-inspired adhesives, and bio-inspired miniature robots. his group, called the physical intelligence department, strives to understand the principles of design, locomotion, control, perception, and learning of small-scale mobile robots. sitti and his team ai...	wikipedia
d0bdd24edb0bf73d2196ca65703619d5d69386fd	metin sitti is the director of the physical	metin sitti is the director of the physical intelligence department at the max planck institute for intelligent systems in stuttgart, which he founded in 2014. he is also a professor in the department of information technology and electrical engineering at eth zurich, a professor at the school of medicine and college o...	wikipedia
944ee6ba84baf6b31201a604162a7b6f2ceede5e	an expert on chuukese kinship, his best known	an expert on chuukese kinship, his best known work is the development of a method for applying componential analysis to the study of kinship terminology, and his disagreements with david m. schneider about the value of formal analyses of kinship terminology. he also developed ralph linton 's status/role theory, also ap...	wikipedia
7cae97a215582ba37e94cb4f2822b838a046921c	as he matured goodenough continued to gain in	as he matured goodenough continued to gain in eminence and received additional honors and awards. he served as the president of the society for applied anthropology in 1963, was the editor of american anthropologist (the top journal in american anthropology) from 1966-1970, was elected member of the anthropology sectio...	wikipedia
a456d841da507524553228fbfd4de553e3e169b2	in the mid-fifties goodenough earned a reputation as	in the mid-fifties goodenough earned a reputation as a key anthropological theorist. in papers like "componential analysis and the study of meaning" he pioneered a scientifically rigorous study of culture. but he was active on other fronts as well. his long volume cooperation in change: an anthropological approach to c...	wikipedia
ceb9f6f5a03d7ac982bdd04908fe663a042aac2a	goodenough completed his ph.d., entitled "a grammar of	goodenough completed his ph.d., entitled "a grammar of social interaction" in 1949. it was later reworked and published as property, kin, and community on truk. marshall and caughey describe it as "the premier publication resulting from cima, one of the enduring classics of pacific ethnography". from 1948 to 1949, good...	wikipedia
08579a4ba5dd5305c4950877ad850df01fe49d7b	after the war, goodenough returned to yale. there,	after the war, goodenough returned to yale. there, he was a student of george peter murdock, who supervised his dissertation. he also took classes with bronislaw malinowski and ralph linton. in 1947, goodenough became part of the team of researchers involved in the coordinated investigation of micronesian anthropology,...	wikipedia
83366855a19d4e5eab2cd818d70dcc42f29bc949	goodenough was born may 30, 1919, in cambridge,	goodenough was born may 30, 1919, in cambridge, massachusetts, the son of helen miriam (lewis) and erwin ramsdell goodenough, a scholar in the history of religion, who was then a graduate student at harvard divinity school. he was a brother to noted solid-state physicist john b. goodenough. as a child his family moved ...	wikipedia