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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
6b616c8b9d262984ca191b28dbd5286e991031b7	by this kind of spectroscopy experiments – sometimes	by this kind of spectroscopy experiments – sometimes called hughes–drever experiments as well – violations of lorentz invariance in the interactions of protons and neutrons are tested by studying the energy levels of those nucleons in order to find anisotropies in their frequencies ("clocks"). using spin-polarized tors...	wikipedia
dbb81d6f000534e1543832ea1ad1b31b32974848	since astronomic measurements also contain additional assumptions –	since astronomic measurements also contain additional assumptions – like the unknown conditions at the emission or along the path traversed by the particles, or the nature of the particles –, terrestrial measurements provide results of greater clarity, even though the bounds are wider (the following bounds describe max...	wikipedia
d5dff8ea39fa6a68b2fd1021cea6cf0a6e15396e	lorentz violations could lead to differences between the	lorentz violations could lead to differences between the speed of light and the limiting or maximal attainable speed (mas) of any particle, whereas in special relativity the speeds should be the same. one possibility is to investigate otherwise forbidden effects at threshold energy in connection with particles having a...	wikipedia
3c5a267fdd42d6d2d8827274c72c8a28943c20db	lorentz violating dispersion relations due to the presence	lorentz violating dispersion relations due to the presence of an anisotropic space might also lead to vacuum birefringence and parity violations. for instance, the polarization plane of photons might rotate due to velocity differences between left- and right-handed photons. in particular, gamma ray bursts, galactic rad...	wikipedia
7e8eb5db25f18b57c26d7f0a10ac8334177da31d	another effect often discussed in connection with quantum	another effect often discussed in connection with quantum gravity (qg) is the possibility of dispersion of light in vacuum (i.e. the dependence of light speed on photon energy), due to lorentz-violating dispersion relations. this effect should be strong at energy levels comparable to, or beyond the planck energy e pl ∼...	wikipedia
6ed0ed77ef3d672daaecfd1400f52bd5efba454e	in addition to the terrestrial kennedy–thorndike experiments mentioned	in addition to the terrestrial kennedy–thorndike experiments mentioned above, müller & soffel (1995) and müller et al. (1999) tested the rms velocity dependence parameter by searching for anomalous distance oscillations using llr. since time dilation is already confirmed to high precision, a positive result would prove...	wikipedia
aef1f3155ac511514885a01dbad6218812cabebc	besides terrestrial tests also astrometric tests using lunar	besides terrestrial tests also astrometric tests using lunar laser ranging (llr), i.e. sending laser signals from earth to moon and back, have been conducted. they are ordinarily used to test general relativity and are evaluated using the parameterized post-newtonian formalism. however, since these measurements are bas...	wikipedia
263312241346194a23fdb210fc60b3afabbc3ad8	another type of test of the κ ~	another type of test of the κ ~ o + {\displaystyle {\tilde {\kappa }}_{o+}} related one-way light speed isotropy in combination with the electron sector of the sme was conducted by bocquet et al. (2010). they searched for fluctuations in the 3- momentum of photons during earth's rotation, by measuring the compton scatt...	wikipedia
0f5a15085f8c1129f5ce78f12eaee1435cbd6c9c	in addition, the standard-model extension (sme) can be	in addition, the standard-model extension (sme) can be used to obtain a larger number of isotropy coefficients in the photon sector. it uses the even- and odd-parity coefficients (3×3 matrices) κ ~ e − {\displaystyle {\tilde {\kappa }}_{e-}}, κ ~ o + {\displaystyle {\tilde {\kappa }}_{o+}} and κ ~ t r {\displaystyle {\...	wikipedia
b70eb2fbc12a4982656f5ce3c4f4e8e8d4ba00c5	many terrestrial experiments have been conducted, mostly with	many terrestrial experiments have been conducted, mostly with optical resonators or in particle accelerators, by which deviations from the isotropy of the speed of light are tested. anisotropy parameters are given, for instance, by the robertson-mansouri-sexl test theory (rms). this allows for distinction between the r...	wikipedia
e53692faae002ec4cd65ba3a98ea4194ccb10f09	however, the standard-model extension (sme) in which lorentz	however, the standard-model extension (sme) in which lorentz violating effects are introduced by spontaneous symmetry breaking, is used for most modern analyses of experimental results. it was introduced by kostelecký and colleagues in 1997 and the following years, containing all possible lorentz and cpt violating coef...	wikipedia
f6fa81ec087ebdde42b5d8769a20bda4c877974c	early models assessing the possibility of slight deviations	early models assessing the possibility of slight deviations from lorentz invariance have been published between the 1960s and the 1990s. in addition, a series of test theories of special relativity and effective field theories (eft) for the evaluation and assessment of many experiments have been developed, including:	wikipedia
ebe7c86643f0eace759bd223abf3ee92ce4fae05	both terrestrial and astronomical experiments have been carried	both terrestrial and astronomical experiments have been carried out, and new experimental techniques have been introduced. no lorentz violations have been measured thus far, and exceptions in which positive results were reported have been refuted or lack further confirmations. for discussions of many experiments, see m...	wikipedia
1a072d11eb7e2f8b0a251a2c1f105afeefc68762	lorentz violations concern the fundamental predictions of special	lorentz violations concern the fundamental predictions of special relativity, such as the principle of relativity, the constancy of the speed of light in all inertial frames of reference, and time dilation, as well as the predictions of the standard model of particle physics. to assess and predict possible violations, ...	wikipedia
c827861c24d8eafa6485458dc505ccbb1d6c2df7	modern searches for lorentz violation are scientific studies	modern searches for lorentz violation are scientific studies that look for deviations from lorentz invariance or symmetry, a set of fundamental frameworks that underpin modern science and fundamental physics in particular. these studies try to determine whether violations or exceptions might exist for well-known physic...	wikipedia
1c743ee627a9963e08d837847105c502ba81c23c	agron aaron palushaj is an american former professional	agron aaron palushaj is an american former professional ice hockey right winger. palushaj played in the national hockey league (nhl) with the montreal canadiens, colorado avalanche and carolina hurricanes. palushaj was originally drafted by the st. louis blues in the second round, 44th overall, at the 2007 nhl entry dr...	wikipedia
bd4829447c77bb6d1033736ffef786ca08745183	palushaj grew up in michigan but attended valley	palushaj grew up in michigan but attended valley high school in west des moines, ia as a member of the class of 2007. his father, tom, and mother rita emigrated from albania at a very young age. aaron palushaj has two younger sisters, monica and julia, and one older sister, jesika. palushaj first played soccer as a chi...	wikipedia
1331755f996ca481f2e70fec8b32a272ca4166ae	at the completion of his 2012–13 season with	at the completion of his 2012–13 season with the avalanche, palushaj returned to the international stage as he was selected to the united states roster for the 2013 world championships in sweden/finland. he made his national senior debut in the opening game of the tournament, scoring a goal, in a 5–3 victory over austr...	wikipedia
059961fb17c519488d36f923f1715d682cf86e69	palushaj made his international debut for the united	palushaj made his international debut for the united states as a junior, when he was selected to compete at the 2009 world junior championships in ottawa. he scored 2 goals and 5 points in 6 games before suffering defeat to slovakia at the quarterfinal stage.	wikipedia
644b2dc4b62dabda09f7f5e11d11d733f8fa4249	after scoring 28 points in just 31 games	after scoring 28 points in just 31 games in the 2018–19 season with Örebro hk, palushaj left sweden as a free agent to sign a two-year deal with hc davos of the national league on may 15, 2019.	wikipedia
0a610c8d54cd4ff5c5b78e6e7dc570a2d2749eec	at the conclusion of the season with minsk,	at the conclusion of the season with minsk, palushaj opted for an off-season move to sweden, agreeing to a one-year deal with finalists, brynäs if of the swedish hockey league, on june 14, 2017.	wikipedia
6ab42656bf06512cc5cc909499bc29115090999f	as an unrestricted free agent, palushaj went unsigned	as an unrestricted free agent, palushaj went unsigned over the summer, agreeing to a professional try-out with the columbus blue jackets on september 22, 2016. at the conclusion of training camp, palushaj signed a one-year contract with the blue jackets ahl affiliate, the cleveland monsters on september 30, 2016. in th...	wikipedia
87d337df4997a31e54fcf1c151f6837acf40841e	on may 21, 2015, palushaj returned to the	on may 21, 2015, palushaj returned to the nhl, signing a one-year, two-way contract with the philadelphia flyers. he was assigned to ahl affiliate, the lehigh valley phantoms for the entirety of the 2015–16 season, appearing in 57 games and contributing with 11 goals and 28 points.	wikipedia
caefe71d7ec188001d0826dec30a5dae6ab00cef	as a free agent, palushaj signed his first	as a free agent, palushaj signed his first contract abroad in agreeing to a one-year deal with croatian club medveščak zagreb of the kontinental hockey league (khl) on september 15, 2014. in the 2014–15 season, he scored three goals and 12 points in 25 games with zagreb before signing an improved contract with fellow k...	wikipedia
6599f86dfa78187aa72399ff1b4847391582668e	despite recording new career highs at the nhl	despite recording new career highs at the nhl level, palushaj was not extended a qualifying offer by the avalanche and was released as a free agent. on july 11, 2013, palushaj was signed to a one-year, two-way contract with the carolina hurricanes. palushaj was assigned to ahl affiliate, the charlotte checkers, for the...	wikipedia
7b4351f25646080d1addba2a20916bbaa13d9490	palushaj was re-signed by the canadiens to a	palushaj was re-signed by the canadiens to a one-year contract on july 12, 2012. with the 2012–13 nhl lockout in effect, palushaj was signed to an ahl contract to enable him to play in the ahl with the bulldogs on september 26, 2012. he was leading the bulldogs with seven goals in 21 games prior to suffering a shoulder...	wikipedia
6b0e65368d08d80144312291349610ee66c23343	after attending the canadiens' training camp, palushaj was	after attending the canadiens' training camp, palushaj was reassigned to their ahl affiliate, the hamilton bulldogs, to begin the 2010–11 season. on march 17, 2011, palushaj was recalled and dressed for his first game with the canadiens in a 3–2 shootout victory over the tampa bay lightning. after three scoreless games...	wikipedia
c1ffad340b3698fe403aa64cc30054a3c1e5180e	on april 3, 2009, palushaj signed a three-year,	on april 3, 2009, palushaj signed a three-year, entry level-contract with the blues. assigned to the team's american hockey league (ahl) affiliate, the peoria rivermen, for his first professional season, he was later traded to the montreal canadiens in exchange for matt d'agostini on march 3, 2010.	wikipedia
2f3415b0e3d26c1d781fe6dd9209f7e4ecaa8262	palushaj was drafted in the second round, 44th	palushaj was drafted in the second round, 44th overall, in the 2007 nhl entry draft by the st. louis blues. he previously played junior ice hockey in the united states hockey league (ushl) with the des moines buccaneers before playing two years of college ice hockey with the university of michigan in the central colleg...	wikipedia
77965ce56885f86db1b409da804924ed3a675707	agron aaron palushaj (born september 7, 1989) is	agron aaron palushaj (born september 7, 1989) is an american former professional ice hockey right winger. palushaj played in the national hockey league (nhl) with the montreal canadiens, colorado avalanche and carolina hurricanes.	wikipedia
a2875252f69ba0d2b2f353469f6c65ca1eedfdfd	buellia bahiana is a crustose-type lichen species that	buellia bahiana is a crustose-type lichen species that frequently grows on the bark and wood of trees found in coastal and inland forest habitats. this lichen species exhibits a broad geographic distribution, being documented in various pantropical and subtropical regions around the world. specific areas where buellia ...	wikipedia
5fac8d865d1c8a48372220adf1140149c42e7d22	beyond its distribution in australia, this lichen species	beyond its distribution in australia, this lichen species is also known to occur in various locations across the pacific region, central america, north america, and south america. specific areas where buellia bahiana has been documented include tahiti, hawaiian islands, and the new caledonia.	wikipedia
eea9e674b15b1037d4e61796f331a72f1e86f0a1	buellia bahiana is commonly found growing on the	buellia bahiana is commonly found growing on the bark and wood of trees in coastal and hinterland forests in several regions of australia, including western australia, queensland, and tasmania. this lichen species has a broader pantropical to subtropical distribution.	wikipedia
a4f797a3b1da8281861daf675cd94548664b860e	chemical analysis via spot test shows that the	chemical analysis via spot test shows that the thallus of buellia bahiana tests positive for two substances. it reacts k+ red, indicating the presence of norstictic acid as a major component. the thallus also tests p+ yellow or yellow orange, revealing the minor or trace compound connorstictic acid.	wikipedia
f898e6d9e28e6fc21fa15a292bb5b20e3eeb1947	the asci, the spore-producing structures, contain 8 ascospores	the asci, the spore-producing structures, contain 8 ascospores each. the ascospores are 1-septate, meaning they have a single wall dividing them, and measure 13-20 μm long by 5.5-8.0 μm wide. they are often slightly elongated at the ends and have distinct thickenings of the subapical and septum regions of the spore wal...	wikipedia
e62164eec210f755e94b16f08bd50be34eb80edd	the epihymenium, the uppermost layer of the hymenium,	the epihymenium, the uppermost layer of the hymenium, is 10-15 μm thick and ranges in color from olive to blue-green or dark olive-green. this layer turns violet when exposed to potassium hydroxide (k+ violet). the hymenium, the spore-bearing layer, is 65-85 μm thick and contains numerous oil droplets dispersed through...	wikipedia
ea23af098148fbcbdaac7ef9a3513fe8dd983839	the lichen produces abundant, sessile apothecia that are	the lichen produces abundant, sessile apothecia that are 0.1-0.7 mm wide. these apothecia have a black, epruinose (lacking a waxy bloom) disc that is plane to slightly convex in shape. the margin of the apothecia is also black and persistent. microscopically, the proper exciple, the layer beneath the disc, is dark brow...	wikipedia
41682171bede553d641728238edc2acb768f2995	buellia bahiana has a thin, continuous thallus that	buellia bahiana has a thin, continuous thallus that can range in texture from membranous to areolate. the thallus color varies from white to grey-white or pale grey. a prothallus, the dark border around the thallus, is typically only evident when the lichen is growing adjacent to other species.	wikipedia
803b6906398f0d5beeadd82d3dc1f9f39f15c02a	buellia bahiana (commonly known as bay buttons) is	buellia bahiana (commonly known as bay buttons) is a crustose -type lichen species that frequently grows on the bark and wood of trees found in coastal and inland forest habitats. this lichen species exhibits a broad geographic distribution, being documented in various pantropical and subtropical regions around the wor...	wikipedia
07b710c1a51ecaaa0cb094edc25763e1f62a39e9	harthill moor is a small upland area in	harthill moor is a small upland area in the derbyshire peak district of central and northern england, lying between matlock and bakewell near the villages of birchover and elton. the moor is within the southern portion of harthill civil parish. its highest point is 272 metres (892 ft) above sea level. the river bradfor...	wikipedia