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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
f92c3e95a6075f5a0dffdfb087b3b903283256eb	for convenience, the pulse is considered to have	for convenience, the pulse is considered to have unit amplitude and be of duration t, with the amplitude and phase defined over the time interval -t/2 to +t/2. the total frequency sweep is Δ f, varying in a linear manner from - Δ f/2 to + Δ f/2 in the defined time interval.	wikipedia
989196d2a556897ce016fc4e4b653a79c66f8485	in a few special cases, the integral can	in a few special cases, the integral can be solved to give an analytical expression, but often the characteristics of a (t) {\displaystyle a(t)} and θ (t) are such that the integral can only be evaluated by an approximation algorithm or by numerical integration.	wikipedia
e64cab4eea5e505b3594aa01701f4cc11ef7e013	s (ω) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ s	s (ω) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ s (t) ⋅ exp (− j ω t) ⋅ d t = ∫ − ∞ ∞ a (t) ⋅ exp ⋅ exp (− j ω t) ⋅ d t {\displaystyle s(\omega)=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }s(t)\cdot \exp(-j\omega t)\cdot dt=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }a(t)\cdot \exp\cdot \exp(-j\omega t)\cdot dt} so s (ω) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ a (t) ⋅ exp ⋅ d t {\displaystyle s(\omega)=\int _{-\inf...	wikipedia
6f1fd74ad5ff9cfcb2f32613c984917ce8efd985	where a (t) {\displaystyle a(t)} and θ (t)	where a (t) {\displaystyle a(t)} and θ (t) give the amplitude and phase variations of the waveform s {\displaystyle s}, with time. the frequency spectrum of this waveform is obtained by calculating the fourier transform of s (t) {\displaystyle s(t)}, i.e.	wikipedia
783d7a2600c75bf8121da9ac8aa9cdf0a21b46bb	a simple way to derive the spectrum of	a simple way to derive the spectrum of a chirp using a computers, is to sample the time-domain waveform at a frequency well above the nyquist limit and use an fft algorithm to obtain the desired result. as this approach was not an option for the early designers, they resorted to analytic analysis, or and to graphical o...	wikipedia
91b019053e26bd0ef5ad3ca34589613cfbc59f79	the spectrum of a chirp pulse describes its	the spectrum of a chirp pulse describes its characteristics in terms of its frequency components. this frequency-domain representation is an alternative to the more familiar time-domain waveform, and the two versions are mathematically related by the fourier transform. the spectrum is of particular interest when pulses...	wikipedia
e93e0e9ed4950b53986092a2f61b8ab2cab53395	copeland bridge, also known as copeland farm bridge	copeland bridge, also known as copeland farm bridge or copeland covered bridge is a wooden covered bridge over beecher creek in the town of edinburg in saratoga county, new york. it was built in 1879, and is a small, timber framed, queenpost truss bridge with a gable roof. it has a 30-foot span carried on fieldstone ab...	wikipedia
bc3452d833fa656d81b7601354db6a4fca5039d9	copeland bridge, also known as copeland farm bridge	copeland bridge, also known as copeland farm bridge or copeland covered bridge is a wooden covered bridge over beecher creek in the town of edinburg in saratoga county, new york. it was built in 1879, and is a small, timber framed, queenpost truss bridge with a gable roof. it has a 30-foot span carried on fieldstone ab...	wikipedia
98a67f27e2c07892933855210bc8bf46d5449b38	lodge is a fellow of the american association	lodge is a fellow of the american association for the advancement of science and of the ecological society of america. he advocates for scientific approaches to manage invasive species in lake ecosystems. in 2014, lodge served as a jefferson science fellow in the office of ocean and polar affairs at the united states d...	wikipedia
19e8804f4c4a1cf6a75e1b0167aeb016cd02946a	lodge is a 1975 graduate of sewanee academy	lodge is a 1975 graduate of sewanee academy (now st. andrew's-sewanee school) and received his b.s., summa cum laude, in 1979 from sewanee: the university of the south. as a rhodes scholar, he completed his d.phil. from oxford university in 1982. from 1983-1985, he taught at the university of wisconsin – madison. from ...	wikipedia
24daf0634c14281b0826957a5d6ce28ac689fdd1	david lodge (born april 1, 1957) is an	david lodge (born april 1, 1957) is an american biologist. he is best known for his work on the interrelated problems of invasive species, land use, and climate change, and their synergistic impacts on water resources.	wikipedia
7e892eff7c78756506bab3d2c7fc983ba1330dbd	the alfa romeo 500 is a 3 tonne	the alfa romeo 500 is a 3 tonne class truck, produced by alfa romeo from 1937 to 1945. the range included a diesel-powered 75 hp (56 kw) version 500re, petrol version 500b and gas version 500br. the 500 was characterized by having an aerodynamic shape, which was improved over the years during production. the 500 model ...	wikipedia
7446e7c3f5654e9075692aaf99fed26f67bfbf8d	from 1937 to 1940 alfa romeo 500 was	from 1937 to 1940 alfa romeo 500 was also used by the italian fire department as a fire engine or truck. the 500 was also used by alfa romeo and scuderia ferrari as a racing car transporter for both grand prix racers and formula 1 cars. viberti and bergomi made various bus versions using 500 platform as basis.	wikipedia
476e929e3581354451665ba23cb85d27230a0ee1	the alfa romeo 500 was used by the	the alfa romeo 500 was used by the royal italian army during world war ii under the heading of "500 dr." it was used in the campaign in russia and the armored version was used in the balkan campaign. the frame of the model was also used as basis for military buses. the army version had a top speed of 45 km/h (28 mph), ...	wikipedia
32b4f46a3f080f7842fa93a523bd5880f8d0ca53	the alfa romeo 500 is a 3 tonne	the alfa romeo 500 is a 3 tonne class truck, produced by alfa romeo from 1937 to 1945. the range included a diesel-powered (deutz type f6m 313) 75 hp (56 kw) version 500re, petrol version 500b and gas version 500br.	wikipedia
23e5a7fdf78f15c22921b17fa6d3e2756c5330e6	23s rrna (adenosine1067-2'-o)-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic	23s rrna (adenosine1067-2'-o)-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name s-adenosyl-l-methionine:23s rrna (adenosine1067-2'-o)-methyltransferase. this enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction the methylase that is responsible for autoimmunity in the thiostrepton producer streptomyces azureus.	wikipedia
e3d14d16b69b2039ca6639d64e80de66a5a6337f	23s rrna (adenosine -2'-o)-methyltransferase (ec 2.1.1.230, 23s rrna	23s rrna (adenosine -2'-o)-methyltransferase (ec 2.1.1.230, 23s rrna a1067 2'-methyltransferase, thiostrepton-resistance methylase, nosiheptide -resistance methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name s-adenosyl-l-methionine:23s rrna (adenosine -2'-o)-methyltransferase. this enzyme catalyses the following chemi...	wikipedia
b9cc746c7b26d9d402490d14749240f5901214de	the dent bridge is a suspension bridge in	the dent bridge is a suspension bridge in the northwest united states, located in north central idaho in clearwater county, north of orofino. it is 17 miles (27 km) up the north fork of the clearwater river, now dworshak reservoir. completed 53 years ago in 1971 at a cost of $7,848,950, it has a main span of 1,050 feet...	wikipedia
3227fcb72989523205c384c61b56862f9ee43fa2	built in conjunction with the dworshak dam by	built in conjunction with the dworshak dam by the u.s. army corps of engineers during the early 1970s, this bridge provides local access over the flooded river, now dworshak reservoir. it replaced a smaller bridge which crossed the river prior to the flooding by the reservoir. without the bridge, vehicle access from ah...	wikipedia
3aa080fe14caceec16fd45c2fc4300a40e429497	the dent bridge is a suspension bridge in	the dent bridge is a suspension bridge in the northwest united states, located in north central idaho in clearwater county, north of orofino. it is 17 miles (27 km) up the north fork of the clearwater river, now dworshak reservoir. completed 53 years ago in 1971 at a cost of $7,848,950, it has a main span of 1,050 feet...	wikipedia
23377c61e0d5c0eff5d8a4a63a00d6d5be56cbe6	anders sandøe Ørsted, also written as anders sandoe	anders sandøe Ørsted, also written as anders sandoe oersted or anders sandö Örsted was a danish botanist, mycologist, zoologist and marine biologist. he was the nephew of physicist hans christian Ørsted and of politician anders sandøe Ørsted.	wikipedia
8633deee88ee2d492a0015abd1b45e860fb00153	his studies of what has since been known	his studies of what has since been known as juniper-pear rust showed that this fungus annually switches between two hosts; juniperus sabina is the primary (telial) host and pear, pyrus communis, is the secondary (aecial) host. he thus was the first to discover that some plant-parasitic fungi are heteroecious. these stu...	wikipedia
f32bd2a91c4f50db2e09af87c02d8ceecf848129	between 1845 and 1848, he travelled extensively in	between 1845 and 1848, he travelled extensively in central america and the caribbean and published numerous papers on the flora, concentrating on the plant families acanthaceae and fagaceae. one of his better known publications is l'amérique centrale.	wikipedia
49ba0aab4af68f1106cfbc35ba22b5e1f5ab37a6	anders sandøe Ørsted, also written as anders sandoe	anders sandøe Ørsted, also written as anders sandoe oersted or anders sandö Örsted (21 june 1816 – 3 september 1872) was a danish botanist, mycologist, zoologist and marine biologist. he was the nephew of physicist hans christian Ørsted and of politician anders sandøe Ørsted.	wikipedia
289037106fbc97009b77867a47673825d4fa7503	throughout her career she has served in editorial	throughout her career she has served in editorial roles for the field's top journals. as examples, she served as a senior editor for organization science from 2004 to 2020 and management information systems quarterly from 2011 to 2014.	wikipedia
7bfc47c84d6d80a00483c52442cfa3fa2ae6e17b	majchrzak has held visiting appointments and/or fellowships at	majchrzak has held visiting appointments and/or fellowships at esade business school, university ramon llull (barcelona, spain), vrije universiteit amsterdam, luiss business school (rome, italy), and simon fraser university (vancouver canada) in the areas of innovation and organization.	wikipedia
97668062d11aab98d4bdf6c6f7fab71beed49d05	church worked for the national center for biotechnology	church worked for the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi) from 1999 until 2013. while there, she headed ncbi's team in the genome reference consortium, an international group focusing on refining data on the human genome. she was part of the group involved in releasing grch38, a build of the human geno...	wikipedia
90556942e554b106cbdcce96da166d98fe4b1b4d	church graduated with a bachelor's degree from the	church graduated with a bachelor's degree from the university of virginia in 1990. she received a doctorate in genomics from university of california, irvine in 1997. church describes her passion for bioinformatics as connected to her enjoyment of problem solving and being in a team that has direct impacts on people's ...	wikipedia
67a5bda3779fae91adb0a84fbf42a75954f9e379	alan william james cousins fras was a south	alan william james cousins fras was a south african astronomer. his career spanned 70 years during which time he concentrated on the measurement of variable stars, including the measurement of the two sinusoidal periods of gamma doradus. the ubv photometric system for measuring stellar fluxes he devised in his 1990s be...	wikipedia
45fd4ae0d9d9926e8a475110288af9c48463d31b	in the early 1990s in dublin, one of	in the early 1990s in dublin, one of the speakers, dave crawford, while bemoaning the current generation of astronomers asked the audience if they had ever spoken to one of the great astronomers including johnson, kron, cousins, etc, little knowing that cousins was in the audience.	wikipedia
dabae534f4e66d3f30f9b8d48cda27d1b4e444d0	his official retirement was in 1972 but he	his official retirement was in 1972 but he ignored it and continued to work at the observatory. he retired from the south africa observatory on 31 december 1976 but remained in a part time capacity and kept his official house on the observatory grounds. he was an active observer into his 90s and continued to work on ph...	wikipedia
458ca06a03daf7bb6d8e2c5711c65a22486cc258	in his early 1990s cousins started to use	in his early 1990s cousins started to use a newly-available red-sensitive photomultiplier tube as part of a photometric system for information gathering on the energy distribution of red stars. this ubv photometric system was based on one devised by gerald kron and became known as the "cousins system" (or sometimes the...	wikipedia
5d6106fc99bcfbe5d5b15f6e3e16487e12c6176c	r. h. stoy of the royal observatory, cape	r. h. stoy of the royal observatory, cape of good hope, was impressed by cousins' results as they were comparable to those obtained by professional astronomers. this led to a collaboration and in 1947 cousins joined the staff of the royal observatory. cousins singlemindedly devoted himself for the last 50 years of his ...	wikipedia
9028691e0c41c6887eb26698d180dac07b4203e3	throughout his early career cousins observed numerous variable	throughout his early career cousins observed numerous variable stars. in the 1940s the technique of using a fabry lens to obtain uniform stellar images for measurement, as used by e.g. williams, became of great interest to cousins, who then published his first list (with photovisual magnitude) of over 100 bright southe...	wikipedia
12c6c26b51ce1332fba655d1fc06a1a06575a576	cousins' interest in astronomy was aroused first by	cousins' interest in astronomy was aroused first by the sighting of halley's comet in 1910 and then by a book on astronomy ("the stars" by e.hawkes) given to him in late 1914 - early 1915 during a family visit to england. in 1915 the family moved to pretoria and cousins was educated at pretoria boys high school from 19...	wikipedia
3b8f32c304477f76f459b6ec65eede45609a122e	he was born in three anchor bay, cape	he was born in three anchor bay, cape town, the eldest of four children, and his father clarence wilfred cousins was a senior civil servant who served for a time as secretary of labour. his grandfather on his mother's side was sir james murray, first editor of the oxford english dictionary, and cousins attended murray'...	wikipedia
5402f53d93e26ec18df1217652dc5d99d307708f	alan william james cousins fras (8 august 1903	alan william james cousins fras (8 august 1903 – 11 may 2001) was a south african astronomer. his career spanned 70 years during which time he concentrated on the measurement of variable stars, including the measurement of the two sinusoidal periods of gamma doradus. the ubv photometric system for measuring stellar flu...	wikipedia
17988198eef552f88d0f8cf5bb059d3b55e1c8a1	anne meltzer is a seismologist known for her	anne meltzer is a seismologist known for her research on earthquakes and the formation of mountain ranges. her research primarily focused on the evolution of the earth's lithosphere and the surface processes associated with faulting and deformation in the earth's crust. through her own personal research and collaborati...	wikipedia
813a1b5936dd7453efdb78cae977b9e9150eadf4	the focus of meltzer's research is the dynamic	the focus of meltzer's research is the dynamic change that occurs in the continental lithosphere. she conducts her research by analyzing the processes of faulting and deformation in the earth's crust. meltzer's research uses seismographic data to examine the formation of new mountain ranges including the tibetan platea...	wikipedia
8a4b646c4110dc751cc44d23b3d7adfd09ac0643	meltzer has a b.s. in geology from guilford	meltzer has a b.s. in geology from guilford college (1980), an m.s. in geology from university of north carolina, chapel hill (1982), and ph.d. in geology and geophysics from rice university (1989). she has worked in industry at gulf research and development company (1982-1985) and at exxon production research (1989-19...	wikipedia