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david lees caldwell was a scottish football player,
david lees caldwell was a scottish football player, who played for aberdeen, rotherham united and greenock morton. he won the scottish football league title in 1954–55 and the scottish league cup in 1955–56 with aberdeen.
wikipedia
3f38fe0e2f961bd11a267f10ff84eccd934396ba
david lees caldwell (7 may 1932 – 2
david lees caldwell (7 may 1932 – 2 august 2017) was a scottish football player, who played for aberdeen, rotherham united and greenock morton. he won the scottish football league title in 1954–55 and the scottish league cup in 1955–56 with aberdeen.
wikipedia
404764a048e0381dd51dba3999fc2d039065d83f
doraville assembly was a general motors automobile factory
doraville assembly was a general motors automobile factory in doraville, georgia, just northeast of atlanta. the plant opened in 1947 and was under the management of gm's newly created buick-oldsmobile-pontiac assembly division created in 1945. it was closed on 26 september 2008 as part of the company's cost-cutting me...
wikipedia
debdcfbad043c34abcb2ca2fe67f7dfb3ebcc863
doraville assembly was a general motors automobile factory
covered street" that will connect park avenue to the assembly doraville, by going under the marta station as well as 13 norfolk southern railroad tracks the former training facility on the southern portion of the site has been converted into third rail studios, a full service film and television production facility to ...
wikipedia
f50d380eceb677f662832a8353bc05bd8cf2973c
as of 2014 the entire assembly facility has
as of 2014 the entire assembly facility has been torn down to make way for a new mixed-used, transit oriented development. a corner portion (about 20 acres) was sold off to the nalley automotive group and will be located next to the current brandsmart. it's the farthest location from the doraville marta station, hence ...
wikipedia
386692fe289f16977a3e43d51720ea1bfcfee964
the site is adjacent to the four- track
the site is adjacent to the four- track doraville yard, a railyard that primarily loaded gm automobiles into auto carriers, and is still served by norfolk southern for other uses. marta 's gold (formerly northeast) line passes nearby, providing the rapid transit for the new land development around the doraville station...
wikipedia
1db1e4c7dc89c703f5028a9a4086c95d17d36326
doraville assembly was a general motors automobile factory
doraville assembly was a general motors automobile factory in doraville, georgia, just northeast of atlanta. the plant opened in 1947 and was under the management of gm's newly created buick-oldsmobile-pontiac assembly division created in 1945. it was closed on 26 september 2008 as part of the company's cost-cutting me...
wikipedia
dc0fe42e17ba24c0721109d3bd8486ab86216536
on 11 september 2021, dervišević moved abroad for
on 11 september 2021, dervišević moved abroad for the first time in his career and signed with indian super league side sc east bengal. after making eight league appearances and scoring two goals, he left the club on 25 january 2022.
wikipedia
a696845dade3eeb57157d0a304dcba1abb73290e
doug guthrie is an american academic administrator, sociologist,
doug guthrie is an american academic administrator, sociologist, and china scholar. he is currently professor of global leadership and director of china initiatives at the thunderbird school of global management at the arizona state university. he was previously the dean of the george washington university school of bu...
wikipedia
b17f88254eb5805275c31d837618f524dbc7445a
guthrie's academic career began in 1997, as a
guthrie's academic career began in 1997, as a professor of sociology at new york university. after receiving tenure in 2000, guthrie spent time at a variety of business schools including columbia, harvard, stanford, emory, and insead. upon returning to nyu in 2005, guthrie took up an appointment as professor of managem...
wikipedia
91db31cfbb6f87e88d32bbd26c15fdc07f361fbb
guthrie was born in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, in 1969,
guthrie was born in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, in 1969, where he attended franklin regional and taylor allderdice high schools. he received his ab degree in east asian languages and civilizations (concentration in chinese literature) from the university of chicago in 1992. he later earned a phd from the university of ca...
wikipedia
a696845dade3eeb57157d0a304dcba1abb73290e
doug guthrie is an american academic administrator, sociologist,
doug guthrie is an american academic administrator, sociologist, and china scholar. he is currently professor of global leadership and director of china initiatives at the thunderbird school of global management at the arizona state university. he was previously the dean of the george washington university school of bu...
wikipedia
7070c1111578fca95f451b9a3850827c0a067ca0
in 2021 the governing board for the northwest
in 2021 the governing board for the northwest florida water management district named anne rudloe the 2020 winner of the river and bay champion award. “anne rudloe’s passion for conservation and education throughout her career earned her national recognition,” said george roberts, the chairman of the district's governi...
wikipedia
d898470b37b5d0b8050d52eff25cb22160cca75f
rudloe was posthumously honored by the environmental law
rudloe was posthumously honored by the environmental law institute with the 2014 education and outreach/national wetlands award. in july 2020 volunteer florida, awarded gsml a $485,000 grant to build a 2,000-square-foot classroom complex along with a new parking lot. gsml also acquired six lots adjacent to the original...
wikipedia
ebe24c805e6fa669f719cafaa8b7ab79465767de
rudloe also studied zen buddhism and received inga
rudloe also studied zen buddhism and received inga (dharma transmission) to teach as a jdpsn (jido pope sanim) in the kwan um school of zen. she then became the abbot at the cypress tree zen center in tallahassee, florida. she was a frequent guest contributor for national public radio for both her conservation efforts ...
wikipedia
3e1e50748070c85b084ad6cf88a96ef985025b25
rudloe published five books, in addition to scientific
rudloe published five books, in addition to scientific articles on horseshoe crabs, electric rays, mysid shrimp, and sea turtles. she wrote for a larger audience as well, in publications such as national geographic, smithsonian magazine, sports illustrated, natural history and audubon. the article "trouble in bayou cou...
wikipedia
29f5eef7f1e0e6450398ee8211d73ca1bca843e8
she earned a bsc (biology) at mary washington
she earned a bsc (biology) at mary washington college in 1969. she received an msc in oceanography from florida state university in 1972 for significant associations of the motile epibenthos of the turtle-grass beds of st. joseph bay, florida. she received a phd in marine biology in 1978 working with william f. hernkin...
wikipedia
280a8bfc3566bc8469df50ff9934ab940bbb935c
anne rudloe (née eidemiller, december 24, 1947 –
anne rudloe (née eidemiller, december 24, 1947 – april 27, 2012) was an american marine biologist. she was the co-founder of the gulf specimen marine laboratory in panacea, florida.
wikipedia
c340335ade4de9ff43c4263e8cbdbcbe93ae2445
daniel stefanus du toit (1917–1981) was a south
daniel stefanus du toit (1917–1981) was a south african astronomer. daniel stefanus du toit was born in springfontein, in the free state, south africa, on 15 december 1917, he was educated at the sentraal high school hoërskool sentraal in bloemfontein, after school he entered employment at the boyden observatory at mas...
wikipedia
6403efa7a209287ab924ac525c8a1f6933f272b7
daniel du toit and his colleague michiel bester
daniel du toit and his colleague michiel bester discovered several comets, with michiel bester ranked first with 6 comets discovered, and daniel discovering 5 comets and dr j.s. paraskevopoulos discovering 2 this gives the boyden observatory a total of 13 comets discovered. daniel du toit, discovered his five comets be...
wikipedia
017956364635bd5bf0188a3f427b430f18742b78
discovered: 9 april 1945 a jupiter family comet,
discovered: 9 april 1945 a jupiter family comet, expected back 2018 september 13, the dust trail complex of comet 79p/du toit-hartley and meteor outbursts at mars. uncertainties in the calculation of the orbit meant the comet was lost until rediscovered by malcolm hartley of the uk schmidt telescope unit, siding spring...
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f32240499eb7798d492d5dd76658dac49377537d
discovered: on 9 april 1945 with a brightness
discovered: on 9 april 1945 with a brightness of apparent magnitude 10. the 1937 team consisted of dr paraskevopoulos, bester, du toit, de villiers and steyn. daniel du toit left the observatory post war 1946, to pursue a career in the building industry but was forced into early career change by an accident, losing his...
wikipedia
20974684e149c73c613380c8feb7e1a9c85cbbe7
daniel du toit left the observatory post war
daniel du toit left the observatory post war 1946, to pursue a career in the building industry but was forced into early career change by an accident, losing his leg in later years.he died on 28 september 1981 at the age of 63 in bloemfontein, south africa.
wikipedia
7fdce73a78b7fb156e14539e70bfb0bffb655946
79p/du toit–hartley or du toit 2 is a
79p/du toit–hartley or du toit 2 is a periodic comet, now divided into two parts, in the solar system with an orbital period of 5.06 years. discovered: 9 april 1945 a jupiter family comet, expected back 2018 september 13, the dust trail complex of comet 79p/du toit-hartley and meteor outbursts at mars. uncertainties in...
wikipedia
5347afff2cd721558bb4e8fc68641d030151b9e9
daniel du toit, discovered his five comets between
daniel du toit, discovered his five comets between 1941 and 1945. curiously, three of du toit's five comets can still be observed today. his first comet is 57p/du toit–neujmin–delporte (retrospectively designated as p/1941 o1), his second is 66p du toit, and his third is 79p/du toit–hartley. the latter has been in the ...
wikipedia
c5a697d97dfad0cb90bcf4585be98813c8bef6c5
it was during the examination of the exposure
it was during the examination of the exposure for image quality that daniel du toit discovered his comets.daniel du toit and his colleague michiel bester discovered several comets, with michiel bester ranked first with 6 comets discovered, and daniel discovering 5 comets and dr j.s. paraskevopoulos discovering 2 this g...
wikipedia
1232f3503507222bcd8823bf28b14ca0cb69ffe4
all comets were discovered whilst examining photographic plates
all comets were discovered whilst examining photographic plates taken by the bache or metcalf telescopes. it was their job to check the photographic plates taken on behalf of harlow shapley, then director at harvard. the exposures were generally 45 minutes on cramer high speed blue plates, or later kodak 103a, taken wi...
wikipedia
9cd20553f90e399046ecc076f40ca0872b97af6f
he discovered and co-discovered several comets, including 57p/du
he discovered and co-discovered several comets, including 57p/du toit–neujmin–delporte, 66p/du toit, 79p/du toit–hartley. he worked at boyden observatory maselspoort, free state, south africa (then administered by harvard college observatory, boyden station).
wikipedia
d08ccf7e3daf720e0381dba586933a8998b33e0d
daniel stefanus du toit was born in springfontein,
daniel stefanus du toit was born in springfontein, in the free state, south africa, on 15 december 1917, he was educated at the sentraal high school hoërskool sentraal in bloemfontein, after school he entered employment at the boyden observatory (harvard college observatory, boyden station) at maselspoort in 1936, and ...
wikipedia
856b1e0d60f219997e5a247ec3104359aa55ca8d
igreja da graça is an old church and
igreja da graça is an old church and convent in Évora, portugal. currently this convent is used by the portuguese armed forces. its construction was concluded in 1511 and it is now classified as a national monument, and it is an integral part of Évora's old city centre, which is classified as a unesco world heritage si...
wikipedia
0e4bd807976549a9d64ed5ef4d9d2d2d7bffaefe
david griffin is an irish hurler who plays
david griffin is an irish hurler who plays as a full-back for club sides carrigaline and university college cork and at inter-county level with the cork senior hurling team. he usually lines out as a left wing-back.
wikipedia
d5af68299a6035f428406843cbd7ee8f7639e9c0
griffin was called up to the cork senior
griffin was called up to the cork senior panel in october 2016 and made his debut at right corner-back in a munster league defeat of kerry on 8 january 2017. he was introduced as a substitute for damien cahalane in cork's subsequent league final defeat of limerick on 29 january 2017. griffin made his first start in a n...
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40e94f8382a02baae8e35f93820a3cb50f006ee8
on 4 july 2018, griffin won a munster
on 4 july 2018, griffin won a munster medal after cork's 2-23 to 1-13 defeat of tipperary in the final. on 26 august 2018, he was at full-back for cork's 3-13 to 1-16 all-ireland final defeat by tipperary in what was his last game in the grade.
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b542369802e478e33837fdb2773b0cb1fd8e986d
griffin first played for cork at minor level
griffin first played for cork at minor level in 2015, however, his sole season in that grade ended without success with a defeats by limerick. on 23 june 2016, griffin made his first appearance for the cork under-21 hurling team in a seven-point defeat by limerick. he also played in cork's championship campaign the fol...
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33e07c9d403d3a5d11dca4b0e975d8e6178b6600
griffin joined the carrigaline club at a young
griffin joined the carrigaline club at a young age and played both hurling and gaelic football at juvenile and underage levels. in 2014 he was at centre-back in the final as carrigaline defeated st. finbarr's to take the premier 1 mfc title. griffin was still eligible for the minor grade when he was added to the club's...
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d53c61fae0c7f9b6b43d56c25aa0437ab53d40ce
griffin played in a second successive fitzgibbon cup
griffin played in a second successive fitzgibbon cup final on 12 february 2020. lining out at left corner-back, he ended the game with a second successive winners' medal after the 0-18 to 2-11 defeat of the institute of technology, carlow.
wikipedia
7335370678b3c439490fe33fd43c7b2b597553e0
on 23 february 2019, griffin lined out at
on 23 february 2019, griffin lined out at left wing-back for university college cork when they faced mary immaculate college in the fitzgibbon cup final. he scored a point from play in the 2-21 to 0-13 victory.
wikipedia
d1b766bdfb79fc11457599d24bd1c5403a7429d2
in secondary school, griffin played as a dual
in secondary school, griffin played as a dual player with st. francis college in rochestown. having played both codes at every grade, he was a forward on both of the college's senior teams that lost the harty cup and corn uí mhuirí finals in 2015.
wikipedia
df26dce7dcf061a67d8c74fa3f0d34b73f21cdd2
david griffin (born 14 may 1997) is an
david griffin (born 14 may 1997) is an irish hurler who plays as a full-back for club sides carrigaline and university college cork and at inter-county level with the cork senior hurling team. he usually lines out as a left wing-back.
wikipedia
bc06b031191ce198d33d351c218f5853beba2293
spruce was selected by the canucks in the
spruce was selected by the canucks in the 1974 nhl amateur draft. he turned professional that year, spending two seasons in the minor central hockey league. he joined the canucks in 1976, splitting the season between the nhl and chl, before moving to colorado where he played for two seasons. spruce spent one more seaso...
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ec330760e97c6736e914f2fd6cc5e68c7a7673d0
while with sheffield united, sturgess won 2 england
while with sheffield united, sturgess won 2 england caps – versus northern ireland at the baseball ground on 11 february 1911, and versus scotland at hampden park on 14 april 1914.
wikipedia
26f2c230657939e4481fad3380272886a9649dab
sturgess, although not as naturally gifted as some
sturgess, although not as naturally gifted as some of his contemporaries, was noted for his determination and willingness to graft; he was a tall, wiry defender, nicknamed hairpin because of his build. he was renowned for his skill in tackling and long, accurate kicking, and was almost ever-present in the sheffield uni...
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654a69b15618c848796911976f185a909e589a3f
after the first world war, he played mainly
after the first world war, he played mainly as a full-back but was utilised in most positions in the team.in 1923, he joined norwich city where he made 47 appearances, helping them to what was then their best-ever league finish, 11th in division three south. he retired from football in 1925, aged 42.
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35a0e6412c12788b62e4ca7cfd7b81ab76822883
part of the victorious sheffield united fa cup
part of the victorious sheffield united fa cup winning team of 1915, when united beat chelsea 3–1 at old trafford, on 24 april 1915, he went on to make 353 league appearances for the blades, scoring five goals, between 1908 and 1922.
wikipedia
2715cec302b474b1b51ac88b7682c489ac984052
arriving at sheffield united alongside george gallimore, for
arriving at sheffield united alongside george gallimore, for the maximum transfer fee at the time of £350, sturgess played primarily at wing-half or half-back, forging a formidable partnership with george utley and bill brelsford. he made his début for the blades in a division one match at bury on 1 september 1908, rep...
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c42511d1d4bbe9eeb7aa2c0f67ee2e63c7fe9a3d
sturgess started his career with amateur side tunstall
sturgess started his career with amateur side tunstall cresswells before joining stoke in 1902. he broke into the first team in 1905–06 thanks to the departure of james bradley to liverpool. stoke, who had survived several relegation battles in the early 1900s, were relegated in 1906–07 and financial difficulties led t...
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8e89d6b7a508109b33c8dcb7ec63250d1d871022
albert sturgess was born on 21 october 1882
albert sturgess was born on 21 october 1882 in basford hollow, etruria, staffordshire. the eldest of five children to thomas and martha jane, his father was a potter's printer. he worked in the pottery industry and joined the north staffordshire regiment in april 1891. he married amelia harrison in 1902 and went on to ...
wikipedia
2a03ba9ef54bffef5308e4d8977421969c69bb24
albert sturgess (21 october 1882 – 16 july
albert sturgess (21 october 1882 – 16 july 1957) was an english footballer who played in the football league for norwich city, sheffield united and stoke, and the england national team.
wikipedia
5cbedbf57b52850c36c638284d176ceca2ec5104
cai received her ph.d. in 2010 and then
cai received her ph.d. in 2010 and then moved to the university of california, los angeles for a postdoctoral fellowship in the laboratories of alcino j. silva and peyman golshani. she pursued this work with the support of a ruth l. kirschstein national research service award from the national institutes of health.
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a551194d8103194163934f56cafbe61fa7bfcaf4
cai attended the university of california, san diego,
cai attended the university of california, san diego, where she received her bachelor of science in psychology in 2004. there, she performed an honors thesis under the mentorship of ebbe ebbesen entitled "computational model of rape and assault cases." she continued her education at ucsd, pursuing her doctoral degree i...
wikipedia
35286e3c53f0c4c1d3f0d3c38747eed98fcc1e1e
may played six games in the national hockey
may played six games in the national hockey league with the st. louis blues. he was selected by the vancouver canucks in the fifth round (91st overall) of the 1980 nhl entry draft. most of his playing career was with the peoria rivermen of the ihl.
wikipedia
2bfa6f9537108e2b3426e018051893c973a3ae38
he was born in montreal, quebec. as a
he was born in montreal, quebec. as a youth, he played in the 1974 and 1975 quebec international pee-wee hockey tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from pointe-claire. he moved to st. albert, alberta after the age of 13, and also resided there after retirement.
wikipedia
483e2af788886835a8aced74c5ee30b19f08ea93
darrell gerald may (born march 6, 1962) is
darrell gerald may (born march 6, 1962) is a canadian former professional ice hockey player. he played 6 games in the national hockey league with the st. louis blues during the 1985–86 and 1987–88 seasons.
wikipedia
3660e28a4c26cba07bffa8216b06edd7ff3b2602
dibasic ester or dbe is an ester of
dibasic ester or dbe is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid. depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols. mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid. they are non-fla...
wikipedia
142b89abf15efcfad440c129bc75211849c420d1
dibasic esters are used in paints, coil coatings,
dibasic esters are used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
wikipedia
af94efb991689dc80212e95082e5707bb951f165
mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially
mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid. they are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
wikipedia
12c4c62a2aa157062b1c4cc409e1d8b2622260db
arend joan rutgers was a dutch-belgian physical chemist.
arend joan rutgers was a dutch-belgian physical chemist. arend joan rutgers went to high school in almelo, after which he studied chemistry at the university of amsterdam. he later obtained his master's degree in 1926 he went to leiden, where he studied theoretical physics under paul ehrenfest. in 1930, he obtained his...
wikipedia
005e95b7e65c84f986415545d2abbe95d8fa9821
in 1933, he became a lecturer at ghent
in 1933, he became a lecturer at ghent university in belgium. in 1938, he was promoted to full professor, and he remained in ghent until his retirement in 1974. most of his scientific research was on colloids and surface chemistry, focussing on electrokinetics.
wikipedia
383170930b2fca3783eaf4d1a0b9717dae1824ad
arend joan rutgers went to high school in
arend joan rutgers went to high school in almelo, after which he studied chemistry at the university of amsterdam. he later obtained his master's degree in 1926 he went to leiden, where he studied theoretical physics under paul ehrenfest. in 1930, he obtained his ph.d. from the university of leiden and completed a thes...
wikipedia
a397a51779937b916828651f74a5b87d53ed1123
artemotil, is a fast acting blood schizonticide specifically
artemotil, is a fast acting blood schizonticide specifically indicated for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria cases. it is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, a natural product of the chinese plant artemisia annua. it is currently only used as a second line...
wikipedia
bf24b98014a14bd9bcba54cc836331a74c5dd97a
artemotil (inn; also known as β-arteether), is a
artemotil (inn; also known as β-arteether), is a fast acting blood schizonticide specifically indicated for the treatment of chloroquine -resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria and cerebral malaria cases. it is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, a natural product of the chinese plant artemisia annua. it is cu...
wikipedia
bbb8c0f3e787b5c61955cee3330d3344bbfacf3e
in coding theory, decoding is the process of
in coding theory, decoding is the process of translating received messages into codewords of a given code. there have been many common methods of mapping messages to codewords. these are often used to recover messages sent over a noisy channel, such as a binary symmetric channel.
wikipedia
3e1b8b83b10d3303a7c8457bab1cdb0fd390c7fc
a viterbi decoder uses the viterbi algorithm for
a viterbi decoder uses the viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been encoded using forward error correction based on a convolutional code.the hamming distance is used as a metric for hard decision viterbi decoders. the squared euclidean distance is used as a metric for soft decision decoders.
wikipedia
b93cf300383124e6f7b388da2e8320d1698dcfff
if t {\displaystyle t} errors occurred, the probability
if t {\displaystyle t} errors occurred, the probability of such a fortunate selection of columns is given by (n − t k) / (n k) {\displaystyle \textstyle {\binom {n-t}{k}}/{\binom {n}{k}}}.
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c3ac9a763158a1c828fb9c750d7e262da5cc5704
the simplest form is due to prange: let
the simplest form is due to prange: let g {\displaystyle g} be the k × n {\displaystyle k\times n} generator matrix of c {\displaystyle c} used for encoding. select k {\displaystyle k} columns of g {\displaystyle g} at random, and denote by g ′ {\displaystyle g'} the corresponding submatrix of g {\displaystyle g}. with...
wikipedia
6ed6e42616930069c79441f04bf7d4f42f7a712b
to perform ml decoding in a binary symmetric
to perform ml decoding in a binary symmetric channel, one has to look-up a precomputed table of size 2 n − k {\displaystyle 2^{n-k}}, mapping h e {\displaystyle he} to e {\displaystyle e}.
wikipedia
abd50da46347e02adfc988403f19ae7804aa5251
now suppose that a codeword x ∈ f
now suppose that a codeword x ∈ f 2 n {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}} is sent over the channel and the error pattern e ∈ f 2 n {\displaystyle e\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}} occurs. then z = x + e {\displaystyle z=x+e} is received. ordinary minimum distance decoding would lookup the vector z {\displaystyle z} in a...
wikipedia
216dae5fdd286c65b20ece6c2266299fee6c99a2
suppose that c ⊂ f 2 n {\displaystyle
suppose that c ⊂ f 2 n {\displaystyle c\subset \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}} is a linear code of length n {\displaystyle n} and minimum distance d {\displaystyle d} with parity-check matrix h {\displaystyle h}. then clearly c {\displaystyle c} is capable of correcting up to
wikipedia
774f22d0978c3e7623c0ce4c8cafd5a269896e20
syndrome decoding is a highly efficient method of
syndrome decoding is a highly efficient method of decoding a linear code over a noisy channel, i.e. one on which errors are made. in essence, syndrome decoding is minimum distance decoding using a reduced lookup table. this is allowed by the linearity of the code.
wikipedia
8fc53f1ec65794debd1e9c718d65fd27bf335cbb
given a received codeword x ∈ f 2
given a received codeword x ∈ f 2 n {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}}, minimum distance decoding picks a codeword y ∈ c {\displaystyle y\in c} to minimise the hamming distance:
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da3db9dc62498d52a6c1ad96b3c6d15108c03657
upon fixing p (x received) {\displaystyle \mathbb {p}
upon fixing p (x received) {\displaystyle \mathbb {p} (x{\mbox{ received}})}, x {\displaystyle x} is restructured and p (y sent) {\displaystyle \mathbb {p} (y{\mbox{ sent}})} is constant as all codewords are equally likely to be sent.therefore, p (x received ∣ y sent) {\displaystyle \mathbb {p} (x{\mbox{ received}}\mid...
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29faaa5dbf8f59e4b3ce4ca8a3e40d2c0f81e174
that is, the codeword y {\displaystyle y} that
that is, the codeword y {\displaystyle y} that maximizes the probability that x {\displaystyle x} was received, given that y {\displaystyle y} was sent. if all codewords are equally likely to be sent then this scheme is equivalent to ideal observer decoding.in fact, by bayes theorem,
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bed6a8c21dd814db3f3ed1f3af42499b9fa33023
given a received vector x ∈ f 2
given a received vector x ∈ f 2 n {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}} maximum likelihood decoding picks a codeword y ∈ c {\displaystyle y\in c} that maximizes
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f2d3afa6718563f92c4be0ed2ded742b7b17dae1
each codeword does not have an expected possibility:
each codeword does not have an expected possibility: there may be more than one codeword with an equal likelihood of mutating into the received message. in such a case, the sender and receiver(s) must agree ahead of time on a decoding convention. popular conventions include:
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00cbb7ab82efa0b322aeb587c6935fed92d585ff
one may be given the message x ∈
one may be given the message x ∈ f 2 n {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}}, then ideal observer decoding generates the codeword y ∈ c {\displaystyle y\in c}. the process results in this solution:
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538f6f9c007dfe22f761834d3d3a3dcd97151edc
c ⊂ f 2 n {\displaystyle c\subset \mathbb
c ⊂ f 2 n {\displaystyle c\subset \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}} is considered a binary code with the length n {\displaystyle n}; x, y {\displaystyle x,y} shall be elements of f 2 n {\displaystyle \mathbb {f} _{2}^{n}}; and d (x, y) {\displaystyle d(x,y)} is the distance between those elements.
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bbb8c0f3e787b5c61955cee3330d3344bbfacf3e
in coding theory, decoding is the process of
in coding theory, decoding is the process of translating received messages into codewords of a given code. there have been many common methods of mapping messages to codewords. these are often used to recover messages sent over a noisy channel, such as a binary symmetric channel.
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51b745051019024d4780fed7e4a8c11c97a1ad57
alan james duncan frse frsa was a scottish
alan james duncan frse frsa was a scottish atomic physicist who created a metastable atomic hydrogen beam apparatus used to first observe the two-photon decay of metastable hydrogen and measure fundamental predictions of quantum theory. the science and engineering research council of uk placed him highly in their publi...
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d1f8a2c4b9d019388138be05087f34b7994bef04
in 1992 he was elected a fellow of
in 1992 he was elected a fellow of the royal society of edinburgh. his proposers were h r wilson, hans kleinpoppen, g v marr, r j roberts, j r sargent, wilson sibbett and a j forty.
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67b13e20d91b8b8fdc6fa7c9fbe8d4f56c035cc6
his final works included a collaboration with marlan
his final works included a collaboration with marlan scully on two-photon radiation, and a project with miles padgett and wilson sibbett to create optical instruments to measure the orbital angular momentum of light. he also created a fourier transform spectrometer to measure atmospheric pollution, and an optical profi...
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b4da41b0a6f62d9d0bbb44070b68ec46c8a2065d
he was born on 4 november 1938 at
he was born on 4 november 1938 at kingston near north berwick. he was educated at north berwick primary and secondary schools. after a brief spell in the english educational system at south shields and newcastle he became disillusioned and returned to the scottish system, gaining a place studying natural philosophy (ph...
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a5a098b0b319855de0d99d64b38872e7c575f718
alan james duncan frse frsa (4 november 1938
alan james duncan frse frsa (4 november 1938 – 9 july 1999) was a scottish atomic physicist who created a metastable atomic hydrogen beam apparatus used to first observe the two-photon decay of metastable hydrogen and measure fundamental predictions of quantum theory.
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c3059645a3590e16ce29806e5887ae26e4d5ccfd
electromagnetic clutches operate electrically but transmit torque mechanically.
electromagnetic clutches operate electrically but transmit torque mechanically. this is why they used to be referred to as electro-mechanical clutches. over the years, em became known as electromagnetic versus electro-mechanical, referring more about their actuation method versus physical operation. since the clutches ...
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06eef770d27ce263b5831cd90f444e5c7578186d
when the current is applied, it creates magnetic
when the current is applied, it creates magnetic flux. this passes into the rotor portion of the field. the hysteresis disk physically passes through the rotor, without touching it. these disks have the ability to become magnetized depending upon the strength of the flux (this dissipates as flux is removed). this means...
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f713044414cfe6dfdd30ad700363600c97dc6bd0
electrical hysteresis units have an extremely high torque
electrical hysteresis units have an extremely high torque range. since these units can be controlled remotely, they are ideal for testing applications where varying torque is required. since drag torque is minimal, these units offer the widest available torque range of any electromagnetic product. most applications inv...
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5ad427de987344cdc204bf1a4af74d77e7ccb583
how it works – magnetic particles (very similar
how it works – magnetic particles (very similar to iron filings) are located in the powder cavity. when current flows through the coil, the magnetic flux that is created tries to bind the particles together, almost like a magnetic particle slush. as the current is increased, the magnetic field builds, strengthening the...
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8a3dc8a4624542ae1af6c8912f3445310502a2d6
introduction – magnetic particle clutches are unique in
introduction – magnetic particle clutches are unique in their design, from other electro-mechanical clutches because of the wide operating torque range available. like a standard, single face clutch, torque to voltage is almost linear. however, in a magnetic particle clutch torque can be controlled very accurately. thi...
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c3ba5e618753d112447c70ce190601e527b71c45
when current is removed from the clutch field,
when current is removed from the clutch field, the armature is free to turn with the shaft. springs hold the armature away from the rotor surface when power is released, creating a small air gap and providing complete disengagement from input to output.
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7cecf9a14131e55a2023c248681cf636692bd648
how it works – electromagnetic tooth clutches operate
how it works – electromagnetic tooth clutches operate via an electric actuation but transmit torque mechanically. when current flows through the clutch coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet and produces magnetic lines of flux. this flux is then transferred through the small gap between the field and the rotor. the ro...
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e518b2005b32244a12e73e656a38a0eed6c591b1
introduction – of all the electromagnetic clutches, the
introduction – of all the electromagnetic clutches, the tooth clutches provide the greatest amount of torque in the smallest overall size. because torque is transmitted without any slippage, clutches are ideal for multi stage machines where timing is critical such as multi-stage printing presses. sometimes, exact timin...
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aa9ab92f764c1091b9f0114f922d043a4a44f8eb
how it works – multiple disk clutches operate
how it works – multiple disk clutches operate via an electrical actuation but transmit torque mechanically. when current is applied through the clutch coil, the coil becomes an electromagnet and produces magnetic lines of flux. these lines of flux are transferred through the small air gap between the field and the roto...
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b3dbdbb31811188d77b572d84a51bbc284b7d934
introduction – multiple disk clutches are used to
introduction – multiple disk clutches are used to deliver extremely high torque in a relatively small space. these clutches can be used dry or wet (oil bath). running the clutches in an oil bath also greatly increases the heat dissipation capability, which makes them ideally suited for multiple speed gear boxes and mac...
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35a96be3acd4cff80946898aa4489754b70c0601
most, but not all, automobile air conditioning systems
most, but not all, automobile air conditioning systems are switched on and off by using an electromagnetic clutch. to activate the compressor the clutch is activated. this connects the air conditioning compressor's shaft end to a pulley driven by the engine's crankshaft through a belt.
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49ea89970588ca55e1418b0640f648a8d49405fc
when the electromagnetic clutch is used in automobiles,
when the electromagnetic clutch is used in automobiles, there may be a clutch release switch inside the gear lever. the driver operates the switch by holding the gear lever to change the gear, thus cutting off current to the electromagnet and disengaging the clutch. with this mechanism, there is no need to depress the ...
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31a1959b166daa369823b9f86bc8336fc96d19a0
cycling is achieved by interrupting the current through
cycling is achieved by interrupting the current through the electromagnet. slippage normally occurs only during acceleration. when the clutch is fully engaged, there is no relative slip, assuming the clutch is sized properly, and thus torque transfer is 100% efficient.
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a85f7fecded9b89279e6d439ccffde39f24a8451
when the clutch is actuated, current flows through
when the clutch is actuated, current flows through the electromagnet producing a magnetic field. the rotor portion of the clutch becomes magnetized and sets up a magnetic loop that attracts the armature. the armature is pulled against the rotor and a frictional force is generated at contact. within a relatively short t...
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2048780a87009cbf523b3ffb889647348e1a9688
electromagnetic clutches are most suitable for remote operation
electromagnetic clutches are most suitable for remote operation since no mechanical linkages are required to control their engagement, providing fast, smooth operation. however, because the activation energy dissipates as heat in the electromagnetic actuator when the clutch is engaged, there is a risk of overheating. c...
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21951f1fc76de6097280ba5a5545a30ac8a59939
electromagnetic clutches operate electrically but transmit torque mechanically.
electromagnetic clutches operate electrically but transmit torque mechanically. this is why they used to be referred to as electro-mechanical clutches. over the years, em became known as electromagnetic versus electro-mechanical, referring more about their actuation method versus physical operation. since the clutches ...
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64c367fdd1a90048d1f02cf1d72a494f675512b6
murphy made his leinster championship debut on 11
murphy made his leinster championship debut on 11 may 2019 when he lined out at midfield in kilkenny's 2-23 to 1-21 defeat of dublin. on 30 june 2019, murphy was a late addition at right corner-forward when kilkenny faced wexford in the leinster final. he scored a point from play but ended on the losing side following ...
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f2582090b3be435138ab7f88b59896d41c1fad53
on 8 april 2018, murphy was selected at
on 8 april 2018, murphy was selected at right corner-forward when kilkenny faced tipperary in the national league final. he was held scoreless for the entire game but collected a winners' medal following the 2-23 to 2-17 victory.
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