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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
c056710b913b6ecd7bf9643c00b484944d2de123	dicoronylene is the trivial name for a very	dicoronylene is the trivial name for a very large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. it has 15 rings and is a brick-red solid. its formula is c h. dicoronylene sublimes under high vacuum, 0.001 torr, between 250 °c and 300 °c.	wikipedia
15f39e289e66c1e80753b6ce4857d33184cf94e3	amplichip cyp450 test is a clinical test from	amplichip cyp450 test is a clinical test from roche and part of the amplichip series. the test aims to find the specific gene types ( genotypes) of the patient that will determine how he or she metabolizes certain medicines, and therefore guides the doctors to prescribe the medicine suited for the best effectiveness an...	wikipedia
1fc0205245434af0bab408e57b93bd8ccaca2c4c	the main criticism of the test is that	the main criticism of the test is that the test finds out the genotype (the makeup of the gene types) of the patient, which does not necessarily cover all the phenotypes (the actual biological effect). for example, some argue that the so-called ultra-rapid metaboliser, who has extra copies of the 2d6 gene expressed, ca...	wikipedia
fd923b864b7164ca20ccf054922627ba0894ee88	the test analyzes the dna of a patient	the test analyzes the dna of a patient to determine the genotype, after which predictions of the phenotype can then be made. the dna sample comes from blood tests (as roche suggests) or, alternatively, comes from a mouth brush called a buccal swab. the analysis has five steps after dna is extracted from patient samples...	wikipedia
f09e27adbfd9b260cad9979c2ced2d3d0db01a68	there are four phenotypes of cyp2d6: poor metabolizer	there are four phenotypes of cyp2d6: poor metabolizer (pm), intermediate metabolizer (im), extensive (normal) metabolizer (em) and ultrarapid metabolizer (um). for cyp2c19, there are only two phenotypes: pm and em. if a substrate of the enzyme is given to the patient as a medication, and if the patient has reduced cyp2...	wikipedia
a00250b6ccadf235a0a69b867876d55fb11fb2d7	cyp2d6 and cyp2c19 belong to the cytochrome p450	cyp2d6 and cyp2c19 belong to the cytochrome p450 oxidase family. cyp2d6 has over 90 variants, 2c19 has mainly three. they are responsible for the majority of the inter-individual variability in the ability to metabolize drugs.	wikipedia
a1966c1f24d420fd0eb64114ae530c33d38ba7eb	amplichip cyp450 test is a clinical test from	amplichip cyp450 test is a clinical test from roche and part of the amplichip series. the test aims to find the specific gene types (genotypes) of the patient that will determine how he or she metabolizes certain medicines, and therefore guides the doctors to prescribe the medicine suited for the best effectiveness and...	wikipedia
9fd20d45f4ee20404c19baa41879443ccb6adc99	stauber's three brothers all played college hockey. jamie	stauber's three brothers all played college hockey. jamie attended wisconsin–eau claire in the early 80's, pete won a division i national championship at lake superior state and robb won the hobey baker award while attending minnesota before embarking on a career in the nhl.	wikipedia
ec1477ea564418004f260bfe4b9aac39d2379b65	the team declined a bit after the championship,	the team declined a bit after the championship, but stauber continued to lead them to positive results for many years afterwards. the yellowjackets made two more appearances in the ncaa tournament but, by the 2010s, they had fallen down in the standings. during his tenure as head coach, stauber went back to class and e...	wikipedia
0f796534af73880aa8e9565376764c7b6b8d9443	stauber was lured back to wisconsin–superior in 1998	stauber was lured back to wisconsin–superior in 1998 as an assistant coach. he served under his former coach, steve nelson, for two seasons before being named as his replacement in 2000. while nelson had led wisconsin–superior to the frozen four in seven of the previous nine seasons, the team had been unable to win the...	wikipedia
e1f6f686fea0d30160d55b7460813717ba08fb0c	stauber's college career began in 1984 with wisconsin–superior.	stauber's college career began in 1984 with wisconsin–superior. unfortunately, during his four years as a player, the yellowjackets never finished with a winning record. after graduating, stauber briefly played professional hockey in sweden before retiring in 1989. he remained with the game, becoming an assistant coach...	wikipedia
0e179f5794912e151197bb8d3759b2cb8a05737b	in mathematics, the dixmier trace, introduced by jacques	in mathematics, the dixmier trace, introduced by jacques dixmier (1966), is a non-normal trace on a space of linear operators on a hilbert space larger than the space of trace class operators. dixmier traces are examples of singular traces. some applications of dixmier traces to noncommutative geometry are described in...	wikipedia
0b5d2ca9144ac47ea0be774257ab8d7d014dcbe5	connes (1988) showed that wodzicki's noncommutative residue (wodzicki	connes (1988) showed that wodzicki's noncommutative residue (wodzicki 1984) of a pseudodifferential operator on a manifold m of order -dim(m) is equal to its dixmier trace.	wikipedia
76d2f2e117e4a3e81cfd6529b3b131835610cda3	converges for re(s)>1 and extends to a meromorphic	converges for re(s)>1 and extends to a meromorphic function near s =1 with at most a simple pole at s =1, then the dixmier traceof t is the residue at s =1 (and in particular is independent of the choice of ω).	wikipedia
e2b2cbceee96f52857536f2c3f473c1610ebaa5f	a trace φ is called normal if φ	a trace φ is called normal if φ (sup x) = sup φ (x) for every bounded increasing directed family of positive operators. any normal trace on l 1, ∞ (h) {\displaystyle l^{1,\infty }(h)} is equal to the usual trace, so the dixmier trace is an example of a non-normal trace.	wikipedia
46a7cc10c5a40142997d37687a8f896eae7db871	there are many such extensions (such as a	there are many such extensions (such as a banach limit of α, α, α, α,...) so there are many different dixmier traces. as the dixmier trace is linear, it extends by linearity to all operators of l (h).if the dixmier trace of an operator is independent of the choice of lim then the operator is called measurable.	wikipedia
f8d0ee986bbefa5bf1cbc0344fe4d560feb6aa97	in mathematics, the dixmier trace, introduced by jacques	in mathematics, the dixmier trace, introduced by jacques dixmier (1966), is a non-normal trace on a space of linear operators on a hilbert space larger than the space of trace class operators. dixmier traces are examples of singular traces.	wikipedia
f71b6cf25444a3b479e0c6057aa00c4d7ac983d7	in biochemistry and cell biology, differential centrifugation is	in biochemistry and cell biology, differential centrifugation is a common procedure used to separate organelles and other sub-cellular particles based on their sedimentation rate. although often applied in biological analysis, differential centrifugation is a general technique also suitable for crude purification of no...	wikipedia
22e7c5cb54b0175e7f6241ec6f3f7d3bbf7051f1	the difference between differential and density gradient centrifugation	the difference between differential and density gradient centrifugation techniques is that the latter method uses solutions of different densities (e.g. sucrose, ficoll, percoll) or gels through which the sample passes. this separates the sample into layers by relative density, based on the principle that molecules set...	wikipedia
4d1afbb97eeb4b297f93882bfc8508e161989b8e	sedimentation depends on mass, shape, and partial specific	sedimentation depends on mass, shape, and partial specific volume of a macromolecule, as well as solvent density, rotor size and rate of rotation. the sedimentation velocity can be monitored during the experiment to calculate molecular weight.values of sedimentation coefficient (s) can be calculated. large values of s ...	wikipedia
cfa45aa57fa3e0a48831514364afc321f3b25798	since different fragments of a cell have different	since different fragments of a cell have different sizes and densities, each fragment will settle into a pellet with different minimum centrifugal forces. thus, separation of the sample into different layers can be done by first centrifuging the original lysate under weak forces, removing the pellet, then exposing the ...	wikipedia
d99503c7eeac276a6be38e8f7468aa6a501ee2d1	the lysed sample is now ready for centrifugation	the lysed sample is now ready for centrifugation in an ultracentrifuge. an ultracentrifuge consists of a refrigerated, low-pressure chamber containing a rotor which is driven by an electrical motor capable of high speed rotation. samples are placed in tubes within or attached to the rotor. rotational speed may reach up...	wikipedia
63e5b7bcf0bed7ee390901531177054608b71091	differential centrifugation can be used with intact particles	differential centrifugation can be used with intact particles (e.g. biological cells, microparticles, nanoparticles), or used to separate the component parts of a given particle. using the example of a separation of eukaryotic organelles from intact cells, the cell must first be lysed and homogenized (ideally by a gent...	wikipedia
21bbb999b0ec6a44f56c14d1192380a0f732706d	high g-force makes sedimentation of small particles much	high g-force makes sedimentation of small particles much faster than brownian diffusion, even for very small (nanoscale) particles. when a centrifuge is used, stokes' law must be modified to account for the variation in g-force with distance from the center of rotation.	wikipedia
4c993a11c95089066207eb6d2fe77769498b5a91	larger particles sediment more quickly and at lower	larger particles sediment more quickly and at lower centrifugal forces. if a particle is less dense than the fluid (e.g., fats in water), the particle will not sediment, but rather will float, regardless of strength of the g-force experienced by the particle. centrifugal force separates components not only on the basis...	wikipedia
26b6100a1eaacbcd144fcba1ebd587019e2bd09c	after each centrifugation, the supernatant (non-pelleted solution) is	after each centrifugation, the supernatant (non-pelleted solution) is removed from the tube and re-centrifuged at an increased centrifugal force and/or time. differential centrifugation is suitable for crude separations on the basis of sedimentation rate, but more fine grained purifications may be done on the basis of ...	wikipedia
022e9710e270920d7d7315cbe49597191f786960	in biochemistry and cell biology, differential centrifugation (also	in biochemistry and cell biology, differential centrifugation (also known as differential velocity centrifugation) is a common procedure used to separate organelles and other sub-cellular particles based on their sedimentation rate. although often applied in biological analysis, differential centrifugation is a general...	wikipedia
0be3aaa1730ba07bfed9301e17cba2d4331be887	he went on dedicating himself to ancient art,	he went on dedicating himself to ancient art, but also to hungarian art history. at hekler's instigation the budapest museum of fine arts purchased 135 greek, roman and italian sculptures from the munich collection of paul arndt in 1908. later another 650 terracotta sculptures were added from arndt's collection.	wikipedia
3154dfea6e470b26228dedded808df882f4a0d7e	he wrote his doctoral thesis in political science	he wrote his doctoral thesis in political science in 1903 and then studied classical archaeology in munich under adolf furtwängler, where he wrote his second doctoral thesis, before he returned to his birthplace budapest, where he first worked at the city's national museum and later held a chair for christian archaeolo...	wikipedia
66ad095224cc9c190ff73d1c69e369fb41982e83	anatoly alekseyevich dorodnitsyn 19 november, 2 december, 1910	anatoly alekseyevich dorodnitsyn 19 november, 2 december, 1910 – 7 june 1994, moscow) was a russian mathematician who worked as an engineer in the former soviet space program. dorodnitsyn was a full member of the russian academy of sciences (1953), and a professor at the department of physical and mathematical sciences...	wikipedia
e1bd9829186abacd9f0e8f6d9001e747f313054a	after anatoly dorodnitsyn’s disease, editorial board, composed of	after anatoly dorodnitsyn’s disease, editorial board, composed of alexander abramov, oleg belotserkovskii, e. m. dobryshman, yuri yevtushenko, yuri zhuravlev, boris pal'tsev, vladimir sychev, leonid turchak, yuri shmyglevskii (resp. ed.) compiled and published in the publishing house ccras in 1997 two volumes of select...	wikipedia
50ea64372ea3db56f25a1ebd9f85a77f23b7557a	the dorodnitsyn computing centre, mipt and tsagi held	the dorodnitsyn computing centre, mipt and tsagi held the international conference on applied mathematics and computer science dedicated to academician a.a. dorodnicyn’s 100th birthday anniversary in 2010. a substantial part of the presentations of russian and foreign scientists on this conference aimed at original acc...	wikipedia
da079680ebe92f76aa56d81730973e6aacd9b54d	the main academic works of dorodnitsyn are devoted	the main academic works of dorodnitsyn are devoted to ordinary differential equations, algebra, meteorology, vortex wing theory, boundary layer theory in a compressible gas, supersonic gas dynamics, the numerical method of integral relations, and the small parameter method for navier–stokes equations. dorodnitsyn also ...	wikipedia
2e27db5ac7da9bf175ab076795972848c4af1be4	dorodnitsyn worked part time at the leningrad branch	dorodnitsyn worked part time at the leningrad branch of the steklov mathematical institute as a leading research fellow and later as a department head. without the usual prior election as a corresponding member, he was elected a full member of the ussr academy of sciences in the department of physical and mathematical ...	wikipedia
f7bb838c0e741a93841f5d92970d707e08ec1087	in 1941 dorodnitsyn was dispatched to tsagi, russia’s	in 1941 dorodnitsyn was dispatched to tsagi, russia’s leading aircraft and aerospace research organization and aircraft design center, located in zhukovsky on the outskirts of moscow. there, he took the new position of lead engineer, approved by the soviet government at tsagi’s request. dorodnitsyn worked in tsagi unti...	wikipedia
e1b837810eef047b0a01c8af01f1fd454a6599d0	in 1940, dorodnitsyn entered a doctoral program led	in 1940, dorodnitsyn entered a doctoral program led by academician nikolai yevgrafovich kochin at the institute of mechanics of the ussr academy of sciences. the topic of his doctoral thesis, “boundary layer in compressible gas”, turned out to be ground-breaking for both meteorology and aircraft theory. this was of hig...	wikipedia
12460053f4a94a6dc482795908c8543378ef08e8	he completed his postgraduate studies at the leningrad	he completed his postgraduate studies at the leningrad main geophysical observatory from 1936 to 1938 under the supervision of prof. ilya afanasievich kibel, a member of the scientific school led by academician nikolai yevgrafovich kochin, a leading russian researcher in applied mathematics, particularly in the areas o...	wikipedia
f316e1928e056b2ace3d065f6466523b36ba0c3f	at that time, dorodnitsyn realized there was a	at that time, dorodnitsyn realized there was a serious gap in his mathematical education, since only the basics of calсulus were included in the grozny oil institute’s program. he devoted all his evenings after work to study mathematics; this helped radically improve his mathematical skills.	wikipedia
62092b18d357f5c14d9aeeb752d28721f6832522	his first employer was the leningrad oil exploration	his first employer was the leningrad oil exploration institute. the following year, he joined the leningrad main geophysical observatory, which is the oldest meteorological institution in russia. both these organizations created their own seismological task force, appointing dorodnitsyn as their head and dispatching th...	wikipedia
b3cbc19a943e0aa63807d85a55234c790af902d7	in the same year, dorodnitsyn passed the entry	in the same year, dorodnitsyn passed the entry examination at the novocherkassk polytechnic institute, with honors, but was denied enrollment based on his “non-proletarian origin”. he immediately applied to, and was enrolled in, the grozny oil technical school, which was one of the first higher educational institutions...	wikipedia