id stringlengths 40 40 | title stringlengths 15 120 | text stringlengths 41 3.14k | source stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|
5c80d2836428f9a32ee6cae4bc45e3536d037d90 | there is no character for the dele symbol | there is no character for the dele symbol in unicode as of version 15.0 from september 2022, although its addition has been proposed. the visually similar character for pfennig at u+20b0 ₰ german penny sign from the currency symbols block is often used to represent a dele in unicode. the same unicode character is also ... | wikipedia |
2d0dcfd40063965af575d8eaf84fa4795ec090ab | the origin of the symbol appears to be | the origin of the symbol appears to be an archaic letter d in the kurrent script, as an abbreviation for dele or deleatur. it is markedly similar (if not identical in some cases) to the symbol for the german penny () which is an archaic lowercase d, for denarius. as with most hand-written letters and symbols, its appea... | wikipedia |
fb79765ab2acae011ceae7f95a451f72fffb2f8e | dele, the more common term in modern american | dele, the more common term in modern american english (sometimes used as a verb, e.g. "dele that graf "), coincides with the imperative form of the latin delere ("to delete"). however, the oxford english dictionary notes an earlier use in english of deleatur (latin "let it be deleted"), and suggests that dele in englis... | wikipedia |
d5df6ec6133a29bdd1a0bf5fd9744beeb1c0458d | a dele or deleatur (/ ˈ d iː | a dele or deleatur (/ ˈ d iː l iː /, / ˌ d iː l iː ˈ eɪ t ər /) is an obelism (a proofreading symbol) used to mark something for deletion. | wikipedia |
da25e92d44baf5fa3226562177419488e13332c7 | he started his career as oil and gas | he started his career as oil and gas extraction operator on deep offshore platform-5 of “28 of may” oil and gas extraction department (oged) in 1991. he worked in the capacity of operator, engineer, deputy chief and then chief of primary gas preparation and transportation facility up to 1999. from 1997–2007, he worked ... | wikipedia |
39567c3e6a9848c8db078db79d8e568820b05a15 | dashgin iskandarov was born in azerbaijan's shemakhi district | dashgin iskandarov was born in azerbaijan's shemakhi district in 1965. he did his military service from 1983–1985, and after completing his military service, he entered the department for development and complex mechanization of oil and gas fields of azerbaijan institute of oil and chemistry named m. azizbayov (now aze... | wikipedia |
0971b0cc35004e438356dbed59b0e8c8229e766b | double copy theory is a theory in theoretical | double copy theory is a theory in theoretical physics, specifically in quantum gravity, that hypothesizes a perturbative duality between gauge theory and gravity. the theory says that scattering amplitudes in non-abelian gauge theories can be factorized such that replacement of the color factor by additional kinematic ... | wikipedia |
890df2316f8b068bcf60acde6fd0c65e08d48c99 | the theory can be used to make calculations | the theory can be used to make calculations of gravity scattering amplitudes simpler by instead calculating the yang–mills amplitude and following the double copy prescription. this technique has been used, for example, to calculate the shape of gravitational waves emitted by two merging black hole. this was proven to ... | wikipedia |
b2d40138f9a589ebdf58be722a0241809a645b34 | double copy theory is a theory in theoretical | double copy theory is a theory in theoretical physics, specifically in quantum gravity, that hypothesizes a perturbative duality between gauge theory and gravity. the theory says that scattering amplitudes in non-abelian gauge theories can be factorized such that replacement of the color factor by additional kinematic ... | wikipedia |
b74fa02a0c341eb7c9356a1524640ef9bb17b021 | delegation theory in its broadest sense is the | delegation theory in its broadest sense is the process by which an authority shifts some of its responsibilities onto another entity with the view of achieving the best performance in terms of its stated aims and purposes. it is very common for government agencies to delegate authority to private companies with the nec... | wikipedia |
623fc98fc6a8faefaea06961e3db9d8c71085bcc | the three basque delegations (and previously also the | the three basque delegations (and previously also the delegation of navarre) are known by the term delegaciones forales, since these four territories still preserve their fueros or medieval privileges. the delegación foral is an executive branch that depends on the general meetings (the legislative). the general meetin... | wikipedia |
315bc9b188e67738b4c6e22b32d5634f04574857 | the members of the delegations are elected in | the members of the delegations are elected in an indirect way, by computing the total result of local elections in each province. however, the members of the town halls and insular councils always have been chosen in direct election, in elections separated from the autonomic or joint with the autonomic elections in the... | wikipedia |
bdabf670dda601c1350187e1a42af138468fcf93 | the history of the delegations traces back to | the history of the delegations traces back to 1812 with the enactment of the constitution of cadiz, the first democratic constitution in spain, having had different roles over the centuries, such as tight control from central government in francoist spain. | wikipedia |
e401897ef0cad4bdd813ea7dc1ce1827da703a2a | the delegations (in aragonese deputazions, in catalan diputacions, | the delegations (in aragonese deputazions, in catalan diputacions, in basque aldundia and in galician deputación) have territorial character and their function is to manage the economic and administrative interests of the provinces. in the canary islands the functions of the delegations are exerted by each island's tow... | wikipedia |
1850ea74ed4d29ca6abe0677ea69f5abdbdcdcad | a delegation (of latin deputatione) is, in a | a delegation (of latin deputatione) is, in a broad sense, a body of deputies of an assembly (persons to which the assembly delegates its authority) and its respective activities. in spain, the term is used in a stricter sense in order to designate the administration of some provinces on behalf of the central authority,... | wikipedia |
dabfad41c9a66e18076baaf53ac7af443b04c86f | in contrast giandomenico majone has formulated a theory | in contrast giandomenico majone has formulated a theory of delegation which stresses the importance of credibility problems in the decision to delegate to european institutions. not only is this explained as a mechanism to ensure member states comply with treaty obligations, but employing similar logic as that used in ... | wikipedia |
a3844152116ce1171ce136aaec3eb81e85f199cd | andrew moravcsik is perhaps the most prominent intergovernmentalist | andrew moravcsik is perhaps the most prominent intergovernmentalist theorist who has written on delegation and his work can essentially be thought of as applying the principal-agent model in a manner which stresses minimal agency loss. the model is not a simple principal-agent model however, as he conceives of the eu a... | wikipedia |
795193b71ffa257baf3917c3a767c1fc5be9becd | delegation theories have also been applied extensively in | delegation theories have also been applied extensively in studies of the european union. the dominant approach has undoubtedly been the principal-agent approach, but there have also been variations from the classic form by intergovernmentalist approaches and the fiduciary model laid out by giandomenico majone. | wikipedia |
e6476a61a4926cbbdffbfd5ed345c2127e36991a | this argument has been highly influential and the | this argument has been highly influential and the number of icbs has risen dramatically since the 1980s however it is not without its critics. many scholars (for instance kathleen mcnamara) have questioned the premises of the icb argument, making the case that democratic pressures will not result in high inflation and ... | wikipedia |
fa13913300fdd3afc8118a216ec6f51ffd24f379 | one of the most important areas where delegation | one of the most important areas where delegation theories have been applied has been in the debate over the merits of independent central banks (icbs) such as the bank of england or the european central bank. this debate has corresponded to the theories of credible commitments and can be understood as a solution to pro... | wikipedia |
b74fa02a0c341eb7c9356a1524640ef9bb17b021 | delegation theory in its broadest sense is the | delegation theory in its broadest sense is the process by which an authority shifts some of its responsibilities onto another entity with the view of achieving the best performance in terms of its stated aims and purposes. it is very common for government agencies to delegate authority to private companies with the nec... | wikipedia |
85137362ac11030d680ce50e883f07b4d2638d35 | elvin abraham kabat was an american biomedical scientist | elvin abraham kabat was an american biomedical scientist and one of the founding fathers of quantitative immunochemistry. kabat was awarded the louisa gross horwitz prize from columbia university in 1977, national medal of science in 1991, and american association of immunologists lifetime achievement award in 1995. he... | wikipedia |
1d6fc6a1d7d4e486b798ea81a8d036681c55f194 | in 1942, kabat married sally lennick, a young | in 1942, kabat married sally lennick, a young canadian art student. they had three children, one of whom is the american developer of mindfulness-based stress reduction (mbsr), jon kabat-zinn. since 2001, the families of michael heidelberger and kabat have worked with columbia university's department of microbiology an... | wikipedia |
0cec7c4a119029c0fad1fc5ea18f3fd0e7dea97d | after being selected by the national institutes of | after being selected by the national institutes of health as a fogarty scholar in 1974, kabat continued to conduct government research alongside his teaching at columbia university well after his 1985 emeritus appointment, maintaining a working research laboratory and remaining an active member of the department of mic... | wikipedia |
057e95e827f3dd25cbc955d572d2cbfded555002 | following president harry s. truman 's 1947 executive | following president harry s. truman 's 1947 executive order 9835 mandating loyal screenings of all federal employees, kabat was reported by swedish biochemist james b. sumner for supposedly being a communist sympathizer. kabat was dismissed from his research position at the bronx veterans administration hospital, inter... | wikipedia |
73ee019dfbbae703232545b802824df4818505dd | kabat spent the majority of his career as | kabat spent the majority of his career as a faculty member of the columbia university college of physicians and surgeons. hired as a research associate by the department of biochemistry in 1941, he joined the faculty of the department of bacteriology as an assistant professor in 1946. kabat became an associate professo... | wikipedia |
b551773a508e2d4df29a80f76f1acaad4467123d | as part of a post-doctoral fellowship funded by | as part of a post-doctoral fellowship funded by the rockefeller foundation, kabat studied new methods of ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis alongside arne tiselius and kai pederson in theodor svedberg 's uppsala university lab in sweden to research immunoglobulin g (igg). in 1938, he returned to new york city to t... | wikipedia |
4cc42183078420f622936ffbfd164d04da653094 | in january 1933, kabat began working in michael | in january 1933, kabat began working in michael heidelberger's laboratory by conducting routine lab chores at the columbia university college of physicians and surgeons, introduced through heidelberger's wife nina, a customer of the kabat family's dress business. kabat started work on his ph.d. in the department of bio... | wikipedia |
baf143063c4c185a7a576204e114421467273fe0 | kabat's parents arrived in the united states from | kabat's parents arrived in the united states from eastern europe toward the end of the 19th century, changing their last name from kabatchnick to kabat. the bankruptcy of his family's dress manufacturing business during the great depression led to kabat's life-long miserly attitudes toward personal and laboratory expen... | wikipedia |
20943c146ff1ec975453b55ed7edced569a7cb6a | during his career, kabat served on advisory panels | during his career, kabat served on advisory panels for the national research council, office of naval research, national science foundation, national multiple sclerosis society, american foundation for allergic diseases, new york blood center, roche institute of molecular biology, institute of cancer research, and gorg... | wikipedia |
edddee778582142a7fe0797f6a42656613827463 | kabat is best known for discovering the structural | kabat is best known for discovering the structural and genetic basis for the specificity of antibodies. after showing that antibodies are gamma globulins, he used oligosaccharides of different lengths to interfere with antibodies attempting to bind to the blood plasma substitute dextran, accurately estimating the size ... | wikipedia |
c8910d28c8f93fb99aa1793c267fc5ac96f412e5 | while working under michael heidelberger at the columbia | while working under michael heidelberger at the columbia university college of physicians and surgeons, kabat studied the carbohydrate chemistry of embryonic-state-specific antigens and markers of white blood cells. additionally, he discovered the chemical basis of the abo blood group system. | wikipedia |
4e900039da4b8ee156dfaa0b9951e8aa4936517c | elvin a. kabat was the president of the | elvin a. kabat was the president of the american association of immunologists from 1965 to 1966, a member of the national academy of sciences, and a fellow of the american academy of arts and sciences. he designed the eponymous kabat numbering scheme for numbering amino acid residues in antibodies based on their variab... | wikipedia |
c4b3b8f7cb2a6b73e17ebed9aba242df85e12749 | elvin abraham kabat (september 1, 1914 – june | elvin abraham kabat (september 1, 1914 – june 16, 2000) was an american biomedical scientist and one of the founding fathers of quantitative immunochemistry. kabat was awarded the louisa gross horwitz prize from columbia university in 1977, national medal of science in 1991, and american association of immunologists li... | wikipedia |
0f8228b2fc31668a7e559998e9b9bab8f89953b2 | martin played for stoke city before joining local | martin played for stoke city before joining local rivals port vale on trial in july 1976. he appeared as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat at wrexham in a first round league cup match on 18 august 1976. he was not selected again and was instead released in september 1976. he later worked as a matchday ambassador at vale par... | wikipedia |
87d7d24e983140ed399122a2bb2eadcefd06f1c7 | debbie pain is a conservation biologist and ecotoxicologist | debbie pain is a conservation biologist and ecotoxicologist working on endangered birds around the world. since 1988 she has led projects into reversing the decline in several species through research, practical and policy measures at the royal society for the protection of birds and wildlife and wetlands trust. | wikipedia |
048d1aa3904def4eeab669843181923b259fcf1d | pain became keen on birds at the age | pain became keen on birds at the age of seven, inspired by a teacher while at junior school in her home town of ramsgate. she was first in her family to go to university and studied environmental chemistry at wye college, university of london followed by research into the biochemistry of lead poisoning from ammunition ... | wikipedia |
45d85622d5efffd627369e4f76456604a6894e91 | during her time with the wwt she increased | during her time with the wwt she increased its role in international conservation. this included multinational programmes for recovery of the critically endangered spoon-billed sandpiper and the madagascar pochard. she also continued her research and policy work to reduce lead poisoning of wild birds from ammunition so... | wikipedia |
ec36b8b22de5368c7b6e8f85f82c07c2b8a99f7f | while with the rspb she was their first | while with the rspb she was their first international research biologist and then formed and managed an international research team that collaborated within birdlife. she led projects in the early 2000s into causes of decline in the numbers of white-backed and indian vultures in india. she also led research into the ef... | wikipedia |
5e6c3192e04eb63b43713c1cadd83f0b7fff70a7 | pain worked from 1988 on ecotoxicology at station | pain worked from 1988 on ecotoxicology at station biologique de la tour du valat in the camargue, france, and from 1992 was employed in the research department of the royal society for the protection of birds. she initiated and led the international research section. in 2008 she became director of conservation for the ... | wikipedia |
87d7d24e983140ed399122a2bb2eadcefd06f1c7 | debbie pain is a conservation biologist and ecotoxicologist | debbie pain is a conservation biologist and ecotoxicologist working on endangered birds around the world. since 1988 she has led projects into reversing the decline in several species through research, practical and policy measures at the royal society for the protection of birds and wildlife and wetlands trust. | wikipedia |
ecccf6d5fb7ca4786ba81a64a35b95c0a8852e69 | in enzymology, an ethanolaminephosphotransferase is an enzyme that | in enzymology, an ethanolaminephosphotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cdp-ethanolamine and 1,2-diacylglycerol, whereas its two products are cmp and phosphatidylethanolamine. this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those tra... | wikipedia |
fe73557822ac02b42dddb57c30a37d254fe1c2b9 | this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, | this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. the systematic name of this enzyme class is cdp-ethanolamine:1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase. other names in common use include ept, diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransfera... | wikipedia |
a3fee07824490cabd30c58608fc0f0088aa90c01 | this is a list of participation by football | this is a list of participation by football clubs in the cayman islands in north american competitions. in 1981, yama sun oil became the first caymanian football club to participate in a concacaf competition, entering in the caribbean zone of the 1981 concacaf champions' cup. they advanced to the second qualifying roun... | wikipedia |
c13849a9af22bff42590e3148c37833c5e0c0be9 | in 1981, yama sun oil became the first | in 1981, yama sun oil became the first caymanian football club to participate in a concacaf competition, entering in the caribbean zone of the 1981 concacaf champions' cup. they advanced to the second qualifying round before losing to subt of present-day curaçao. | wikipedia |
b41a5a5a8dfc7f532a63fa601a62f26bd5331751 | the dicastery for promoting integral human development is | the dicastery for promoting integral human development is a dicastery of the roman curia. the vatican announced the creation of the dicastery on 31 august 2016 and it became effective 1 january 2017. cardinal peter turkson was named its first prefect. the prefect is to be assisted by a secretary and at least one unders... | wikipedia |
090557f17af9aa9fb774d440cca9fff802a75892 | the dicastery for promoting integral human development is | the dicastery for promoting integral human development is committed to fostering among peoples: sensitivity for peace, commitment to justice and solidarity with those who are most vulnerable such as migrants and refugees, particularly through the celebrations of the world day of peace, the world day of migrants, the wo... | wikipedia |
c1ba7d7cf4762bc591fbbc979a2042b512cee37f | in fulfilling its mission, it may establish relationships | in fulfilling its mission, it may establish relationships with associations, institutes and non-governmental organizations, including those outside the catholic church, who are committed to promoting justice and peace. it may also enter into discussion with representatives of civil governments and other international p... | wikipedia |
564e6713f443575ca1a7c3a75a3cfd56d466bd01 | the dicastery promotes integral human development in the | the dicastery promotes integral human development in the light of the gospel and in the tradition of the church's social teachings. to this end, it maintains relations with the conferences of bishops, offering them its cooperation so that values related to justice and peace as well as the care of creation may be promot... | wikipedia |
83101bb1513d9f0b0d4cda9f81e225caddcf7af8 | on 20 march 2020, pope francis asked the | on 20 march 2020, pope francis asked the dicastery for promoting integral human development (dpihd) to create a vatican covid-19 commission to express the church's solicitude facing the covid-19 pandemic, and propose responses to the potential socio-economic challenges deriving from it. | wikipedia |
de88de6c9ecbbf0c9ba4f3937f10fb8fcf54030c | the pope announced that "temporarily" he would personally | the pope announced that "temporarily" he would personally direct the special migrants and refugees section which is part of the dicastery. he named the canadian jesuit michael czerny (later cardinal) and the italian scalabrinian fabio baggio to serve as undersecretaries for issues related to refugees and migrants. | wikipedia |
f6a33dc895dca38d367df8a31dfc81893300b2ce | on 16 june 2017 the pope named bruno | on 16 june 2017 the pope named bruno marie duffé, a french professor with long experience in human rights and relief work, the dicastery's secretary. fr. nicola riccardi and msgr. segundo tejado muñoz were named undersecretaries, on 8 july 2017. | wikipedia |
cd04033738921138b672dcc1d28667ca49489b8d | this dicastery of the roman curia combined the | this dicastery of the roman curia combined the work of four pontifical councils established following the second vatican council: justice and peace, pastoral care of migrants and itinerant people, pastoral assistance to health care workers, and cor unum. pope francis has given it responsibility for "issues regarding mi... | wikipedia |
eedf894a73ce9d469d21fc021bd418c7b2968061 | on 21 december 2021, members of the dicastery's | on 21 december 2021, members of the dicastery's leadership submitted their resignations in anticipation of the end of their five-year mandate in january. pope francis accepted them. on 23 december 2021, pope francis named cardinal michael czerny and sister alessandra smerilli interim prefect and secretary, respectively... | wikipedia |
14dcb2eca86cdbdc4697ce4d0584723219c1e19a | the vatican announced the creation of the dicastery | the vatican announced the creation of the dicastery on 31 august 2016 and it became effective 1 january 2017. cardinal peter turkson was named its first prefect. the prefect is to be assisted by a secretary and at least one undersecretary. | wikipedia |
904f31a088ae4a2623c2582365fb798c63144c76 | the esa optical ground station is the european | the esa optical ground station is the european space agency's ground based observatory at the teide observatory on tenerife, spain, built for the observation of space debris. ogs is part of the artemis experiment and is operated by the iac and ataman science s.l.u. the observatory is a 1-meter coudé telescope with a fi... | wikipedia |
48529fd6b343c2f21d59333183682a6f9b905fac | to make scientific astronomical night observations. it is | to make scientific astronomical night observations. it is equipped with a cryogenically cooled mosaic ccd-camera of 4k×4k pixels. the detection threshold is between 19th and 21st magnitude, which corresponds to a capability to detect space debris objects as small as 10 cm in the geostationary ring. as a large part of t... | wikipedia |
b139e11f597e2837d692dd6737298f83de50f9fc | since 2006, the telescope has also been used | since 2006, the telescope has also been used as a receiver station for quantum communication experiments (such as testing bell's inequality, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation), with the sender station being 143 km away in the observatory on la palma. this is possible because this telescope can be tilted t... | wikipedia |
c304426b18c55fc2d663e20b9815b57aa6a91929 | it is equipped with a cryogenically cooled mosaic | it is equipped with a cryogenically cooled mosaic ccd-camera of 4k×4k pixels. the detection threshold is between 19th and 21st magnitude, which corresponds to a capability to detect space debris objects as small as 10 cm in the geostationary ring. as a large part of the observation time is dedicated to space debris sur... | wikipedia |
781a9525ad5c3e2a766e53b51058e367f97db7e0 | the observatory is a 1-meter coudé telescope with | the observatory is a 1-meter coudé telescope with a field of view of 0.7 degrees, supported by an english cross-axial mount inside a dome 12.5-meters in diameter. its main purposes are: | wikipedia |
210f1f74be055142d299296c4b7377dc2d1e1110 | the esa optical ground station (ogs telescope or | the esa optical ground station (ogs telescope or esa space debris telescope) is the european space agency 's ground based observatory at the teide observatory on tenerife, spain, built for the observation of space debris. ogs is part of the artemis experiment and is operated by the iac (instituto de astrofísica de cana... | wikipedia |
7fd5e7dc1c58efb78018f1dfe11cad01e974c775 | the endoneurium is a layer of delicate connective | the endoneurium is a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system. its component cells are called endoneurial cells. the endoneuria with their enclosed nerve fibers are bundled into groups called nerve fascicles, each fascicle within its ow... | wikipedia |
4a5a452b58a7e3e104a955713d6bd9e4b499b82c | the endoneurium runs longitudinally along the nerve fiber, | the endoneurium runs longitudinally along the nerve fiber, but with discontinuities where septa pass inward from the innermost layer of the perineurium. it contains fine bundles of fibrous connective tissue, primarily collagen, embedded in a matrix of ground substance. this structure serves to support capillary blood v... | wikipedia |
e00a9489703892d91c1907eff62453cb607a7f36 | the endoneurium contains a liquid known as endoneurial | the endoneurium contains a liquid known as endoneurial fluid, which contains little protein. in the peripheral nervous system the endoneurial fluid is notionally equivalent to cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system. peripheral nerve injuries commonly release increased amounts of endoneurial fluid into surrou... | wikipedia |
8caaff725f07c2cd80f14f0018c21ed01badb9d3 | the endoneurium (also called endoneurial channel, endoneurial sheath, | the endoneurium (also called endoneurial channel, endoneurial sheath, endoneurial tube, or henle's sheath) is a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system. its component cells are called endoneurial cells. the endoneuria with their enclos... | wikipedia |
8da03c0b136ea54be3ddafa9093a6d92eee215ad | cationic liposomes are spherical structures that contain positively | cationic liposomes are spherical structures that contain positively charged lipids. cationic liposomes can vary in size between 40 nm and 500 nm, and they can either have one lipid bilayer (monolamellar) or multiple lipid bilayers (multilamellar). the positive charge of the phospholipids allows cationic liposomes to fo... | wikipedia |
1a82935e47202158650e3d8a834faa5e801c3cb3 | if delivered through intravenous administration, cationic liposomes can | if delivered through intravenous administration, cationic liposomes can result in opsonization, which is an immune response that occurs when opsonins tag foreign pathogens to be eliminated through phagocytosis. due to their positive charge, cationic liposomes bind to various plasma proteins, forming a protein corona on... | wikipedia |
4b5869d6af2e0838584fe4c9a5832629d87d4c12 | the positive charge of cationic lipids has been | the positive charge of cationic lipids has been shown to have cytotoxic effects, as these lipids can activate several pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cell signaling pathways. the cationic nature of these lipids is associated with the structure of the head group. in particular, it was found that the quaternary ammoni... | wikipedia |
7352db8b9ef9888f1dade03d3f6047cb88912d0b | syncore bio's endotag-1 is a cationic liposome formulation | syncore bio's endotag-1 is a cationic liposome formulation with embedded ptx. the cationic lipid used in this formulation is dioleoyloxypropyltrimethylammonium (dotap). the ptx-embedded cationic liposome interacts with the negatively charged tumor endothelial cells required for tumor angiogenesis, in order to reduce th... | wikipedia |
1c50e1a88d294738d4fd0327b53041e71eb58f7f | paclitaxel (ptx) is a chemotherapy medication used to | paclitaxel (ptx) is a chemotherapy medication used to treat many types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. ptx works by inhibiting the growth of tumor endothelial cells, however it has in vivo delivery issues that are caused by its unfavorable pharmacokinetic and physical properties... | wikipedia |
b98cbb8a9d8b03e1d9e51dd385d139b54eb8d2dc | cationic liposomes can deliver nucleic acids into the | cationic liposomes can deliver nucleic acids into the cell through an endocytotic pathway or through cell membrane fusion. fusogenic cationic liposomes almost exclusively deliver nucleic acids through cell membrane fusion. the fusion between positively charged cationic liposomes and negatively charged cell surfaces eff... | wikipedia |
d31d496f051679e5a2f78400c162580058720ab5 | cationic liposomes are manufactured similarly to liposomes. there | cationic liposomes are manufactured similarly to liposomes. there are multiple processes that can be used to form cationic liposomes, such as sonication, extrusion, and vortexing. however, the shear forces associated with these methods are capable of damaging the nucleic acids prior to encapsulation. microfluidics is a... | wikipedia |
c83a98824b20c3b0f9dd53e8122328aac03b40d5 | because the phospholipids each have a hydrophobic tail | because the phospholipids each have a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head group, they are able to form a lipid bilayer with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards. adding dope in addition to dotma promotes the endosomal escape of nucleic acids into the cytosol when the cation... | wikipedia |
9dc16936468a8760f5ddda07a548774e5ea4309f | cationic liposomes with a higher transfection efficiency are | cationic liposomes with a higher transfection efficiency are composed of a cationic phospholipid, and a few neutral helper lipids. a commonly used cationic phospholipid is dotma, and a commonly used fusogenic helper lipid is dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (dope). a couple of commonly used neutral helper lipids are c... | wikipedia |
2c018d53172b7003799f3e07b6ea5942aaa19def | the use of cationic lipids helps to enhance | the use of cationic lipids helps to enhance the overall stability and efficiency of liposomes. although cationic lipids themselves are able to encapsulate nucleic acids into liposomes, the transfection efficiency is low due to a process known as endosomal escape. lipids that are capable of destabilizing endosomal membr... | wikipedia |
1ff973adfa1906fc1e93155325e74c8b49c2f3e7 | in the 1960s, alec d. bangham discovered liposomes | in the 1960s, alec d. bangham discovered liposomes as concentric lipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous center, based on his research at the university of cambridge babraham institute. the first formulations were designed using all natural lipids. in 1987, philip felgner published the first approach to using cationic li... | wikipedia |
4f2e2d18fa667e412d09e764e51644614a43925d | cationic liposomes are spherical structures that contain positively | cationic liposomes are spherical structures that contain positively charged lipids. cationic liposomes can vary in size between 40 nm and 500 nm, and they can either have one lipid bilayer (monolamellar) or multiple lipid bilayers (multilamellar). the positive charge of the phospholipids allows cationic liposomes to fo... | wikipedia |
09fdb58002ade196c1d8f41c4376106001e29f0f | database encryption can generally be defined as a | database encryption can generally be defined as a process that uses an algorithm to transform data stored in a database into "cipher text" that is incomprehensible without first being decrypted. it can therefore be said that the purpose of database encryption is to protect the data stored in a database from being acces... | wikipedia |
bdc6470edd0cffba4d395e78665a45c4a6ba918f | when discussing the topic of database encryption it | when discussing the topic of database encryption it is imperative to be aware of the risks that are involved in the process. the first set of risks are related to key management. if private keys are not managed in an "isolated system", system administrators with malicious intentions may have the ability to decrypt sens... | wikipedia |
0e5f9713205e92f55310fb927b7dbbad9662fef6 | the first important disadvantage of application-level encryption is | the first important disadvantage of application-level encryption is that applications used by a firm will need to be modified to encrypt data themselves. this has the potential to consume a significant amount of time and other resources. given the nature of opportunity cost firms may not believe that application-level ... | wikipedia |
6c6a152f4bb58a9d5fc679debe691e58cc61a39e | one of the most important advantages of application-level | one of the most important advantages of application-level encryption is the fact that application-level encryption has the potential to simplify the encryption process used by a company. if an application encrypts the data that it writes/modifies from a database then a secondary encryption tool will not need to be inte... | wikipedia |
97707df1acf26cb82c0aae599c1ec15ede8eff08 | in application-level encryption, the process of encrypting data | in application-level encryption, the process of encrypting data is completed by the application that has been used to generate or modify the data that is to be encrypted. essentially this means that data is encrypted before it is written to the database. this unique approach to encryption allows for the encryption proc... | wikipedia |
5425dc4dd51416b6b35c98e0c14d6e4a09278a76 | some systems incorporate a "pepper" in addition to | some systems incorporate a "pepper" in addition to salts in their hashing systems. pepper systems are controversial, however it is still necessary to explain their use. a pepper is a value that is added to a hashed password that has been salted. this pepper is often unique to one website or service, and it is important... | wikipedia |
c2c1d3dcea810fc6337ccb6c3855fc54579d6f12 | one issue that arises when using hashing for | one issue that arises when using hashing for password management in the context of database encryption is the fact that a malicious user could potentially use an input to hash table rainbow table for the specific hashing algorithm that the system uses. this would effectively allow the individual to decrypt the hash and... | wikipedia |
a800a8338290d3662d2a74e7e7b9c45271053673 | hashing is used in database systems as a | hashing is used in database systems as a method to protect sensitive data such as passwords; however it is also used to improve the efficiency of database referencing. inputted data is manipulated by a hashing algorithm. the hashing algorithm converts the inputted data into a string of fixed length that can then be sto... | wikipedia |
c360c22df2c122a1e161acab5f3cae26f6ed6190 | the symmetric & asymmetric database encryption section introduced | the symmetric & asymmetric database encryption section introduced the concept of public and private keys with basic examples in which users exchange keys. the act of exchanging keys becomes impractical from a logistical point of view, when many different individuals need to communicate with each-other. in database encr... | wikipedia |
4953c0b55edb08e1d173aed3fd784f6f90bba7f5 | asymmetric encryption expands on symmetric encryption by incorporating | asymmetric encryption expands on symmetric encryption by incorporating two different types of keys into the encryption method: private and public keys. a public key can be accessed by anyone and is unique to one user whereas a private key is a secret key that is unique to and only known by one user. in most scenarios t... | wikipedia |
b9330cba894e5b9aacec8ee6c117027f5b80f95c | symmetric encryption in the context of database encryption | symmetric encryption in the context of database encryption involves a private key being applied to data that is stored and called from a database. this private key alters the data in a way that causes it to be unreadable without first being decrypted. data is encrypted when saved, and decrypted when opened given that t... | wikipedia |
94b15ab05aa5ae490fb18bd8e1dd25b95b24a276 | it is important to note that traditional database | it is important to note that traditional database encryption techniques normally encrypt and decrypt the contents of a database. databases are managed by "database management systems" (dbms) that run on top of an existing operating system (os). this raises a potential security concern, as an encrypted database may be r... | wikipedia |
1be93a733b857e21031fe21371e50acf39cc3342 | experimental work is being done on providing database | experimental work is being done on providing database operations (like searching or arithmetical operations) on encrypted fields without the need to decrypt them. strong encryption is required to be randomized - a different result must be generated each time. this is known as probabilistic encryption. field-level encry... | wikipedia |
2279bbe551e613ee11ce6744005ab00fb4a5d6c7 | in order to explain column-level encryption it is | in order to explain column-level encryption it is important to outline basic database structure. a typical relational database is divided into tables that are divided into columns that each have rows of data. whilst tde usually encrypts an entire database, column-level encryption allows for individual columns within a ... | wikipedia |
5f7967f843de36e33eff6f8a89600589c5488cb2 | transparent data encryption (often abbreviated as tde) is | transparent data encryption (often abbreviated as tde) is used to encrypt an entire database, which therefore involves encrypting " data at rest ". data at rest can generally be defined as "inactive" data that is not currently being edited or pushed across a network. as an example, a text file stored on a computer is "... | wikipedia |
3cb03d0c426b140febbcbb9add48d800918ebb8a | database encryption can generally be defined as a | database encryption can generally be defined as a process that uses an algorithm to transform data stored in a database into " cipher text " that is incomprehensible without first being decrypted. it can therefore be said that the purpose of database encryption is to protect the data stored in a database from being acc... | wikipedia |
717a0918b290dfb7d27986330872c5a6de3ec936 | in mathematics, the cartan–hadamard conjecture is a fundamental | in mathematics, the cartan–hadamard conjecture is a fundamental problem in riemannian geometry and geometric measure theory which states that the classical isoperimetric inequality may be generalized to spaces of nonpositive sectional curvature, known as cartan–hadamard manifolds. the conjecture, which is named after f... | wikipedia |
82fedd59a3bc07d3a175c17ad10fb10e5d7a6b75 | the generalized conjecture has been established only in | the generalized conjecture has been established only in dimension 2 by gerrit bol, and dimension 3 by kleiner. the generalized conjecture also holds for regions of small volume in all dimensions, as proved by frank morgan and david johnson. | wikipedia |
0404d1561007f644dcfb83d5893a9163e490366c | the conjecture has a more general form, sometimes | the conjecture has a more general form, sometimes called the "generalized cartan–hadamard conjecture" which states that if the curvature of the ambient cartan–hadamard manifold m is bounded above by a nonpositive constant k, then the least perimeter enclosures in m, for any given volume, cannot have smaller perimeter t... | wikipedia |
10dd1af9c80308af805b05a5c2b2f6c235bd5edb | weil's proof relies on conformal maps and harmonic | weil's proof relies on conformal maps and harmonic analysis, croke's proof is based on an inequality of santaló in integral geometry, while kleiner adopts a variational approach which reduces the problem to an estimate for total curvature. mohammad ghomi and joel spruck have shown that kleiner's approach will work in a... | wikipedia |
ebeb1d0846e1cda0709c715590ab2e86b1824928 | according to marcel berger, weil, who was a | according to marcel berger, weil, who was a student of hadamard at the time, was prompted to work on this problem due to "a question asked during or after a hadamard seminar at the collège de france " by the probability theorist paul lévy. | wikipedia |
dd9abb24e741c158c372cc048414e67ae113d731 | the conjecture, in all dimensions, was first stated | the conjecture, in all dimensions, was first stated explicitly in 1976 by thierry aubin, and a few years later by misha gromov, yuri burago and viktor zalgaller. in dimension 2 this fact had already been established in 1926 by andré weil and rediscovered in 1933 by beckenbach and rado. in dimensions 3 and 4 the conject... | wikipedia |
5acc8e9f49d7a4dd7e26b7e0a53312de026e60dd | informally, the conjecture states that negative curvature allows | informally, the conjecture states that negative curvature allows regions with a given perimeter to hold more volume. this phenomenon manifests itself in nature through corrugations on coral reefs, or ripples on a petunia flower, which form some of the simplest examples of non-positively curved spaces. | wikipedia |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.