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eb694efe89f3af2e765d2f0c9c75e7c99cd599e2
as Ξ” = v (βˆ’ ∞) βˆ’ v
as Ξ” = v (βˆ’ ∞) βˆ’ v (+ ∞) {\displaystyle \delta =v(-\infty)-v(+\infty)} and n = v (+ ∞) + v (βˆ’ ∞) {\displaystyle n=v(+\infty)+v(-\infty)}, and from (18) p = (n βˆ’ Ξ” / 2) {\displaystyle p=(n-\delta /2)}, we have that p = v (+ ∞) = v (a 0, b 0, c 0, d 0, …) {\displaystyle p=v(+\infty)=v(a_{0},b_{0},c_{0},d_{0},\dots)} and ...
wikipedia
7aef0dcdee38bb99e9ac4deeb461fe25159f633e
since our chain a 0 {\displaystyle a_{0}}, b
since our chain a 0 {\displaystyle a_{0}}, b 0 {\displaystyle b_{0}}, c 0 {\displaystyle c_{0}}, d 0 {\displaystyle d_{0}},... will have n {\displaystyle n} members it is clear that v (+ ∞) + v (βˆ’ ∞) = n {\displaystyle v(+\infty)+v(-\infty)=n} since within v (a 0, b 0, c 0, d 0, …) {\displaystyle v(a_{0},b_{0},c_{0},d_...
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05bdc85ea7fdccecc4d1e6a2600142ad11ab305c
so we get v (+ ∞) = v
so we get v (+ ∞) = v (a 0, b 0, c 0, d 0, …) {\displaystyle v(+\infty)=v(a_{0},b_{0},c_{0},d_{0},\dots)} that is, v (+ ∞) {\displaystyle v(+\infty)} is the number of changes of sign in the sequence a 0 ∞ n {\displaystyle a_{0}\infty ^{n}}, b 0 ∞ n βˆ’ 1 {\displaystyle b_{0}\infty ^{n-1}}, c 0 ∞ n βˆ’ 2 {\displaystyle c_{0...
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1f4f0b5ed06e1b1dfa1c48d1f466b51756a508c4
note now, that in determining the signs of
note now, that in determining the signs of the members of the sequence of polynomials f 1 (x), f 2 (x), …, f m (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x),f_{2}(x),\dots,f_{m}(x)} that at Ο‰ = Β± ∞ {\displaystyle \omega =\pm \infty } the dominating power of Ο‰ {\displaystyle \omega } will be the first term of each of these polynomials, a...
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25bb99da3274e7eef9f43ddfe2c279ee79c616f8
the rows of the routh array are determined
the rows of the routh array are determined exactly by this algorithm when applied to the coefficients of (20). an observation worthy of note is that in the regular case the polynomials f 1 (Ο‰) {\displaystyle f_{1}(\omega)} and f 2 (Ο‰) {\displaystyle f_{2}(\omega)} have as the highest common factor f n + 1 (Ο‰) {\display...
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de78e0c903924e8d6a8455ff9dda730fe46218c6
where we again denote the coefficients of the
where we again denote the coefficients of the remainder f 4 (Ο‰) {\displaystyle f_{4}(\omega)} by d 0 {\displaystyle d_{0}}, βˆ’ d 1 {\displaystyle -d_{1}}, d 2 {\displaystyle d_{2}}, βˆ’ d 3 {\displaystyle -d_{3}},making our formed remainder
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7b9fbc41cdc353bf3b45703aee5a44a022c694fe
and identifying the coefficients of this remainder by
and identifying the coefficients of this remainder by c 0 {\displaystyle c_{0}}, βˆ’ c 1 {\displaystyle -c_{1}}, c 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}}, βˆ’ c 3 {\displaystyle -c_{3}}, and so forth, makes our formed remainder
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cba93b66d238b9c185e14ec7699a7916a4d233f8
where the last non-zero remainder, f m (x)
where the last non-zero remainder, f m (x) {\displaystyle f_{m}(x)} will therefore be the highest common factor of f 1 (x), f 2 (x), …, f m βˆ’ 1 (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x),f_{2}(x),\dots,f_{m-1}(x)}. it can be observed that the sequence so constructed will satisfy the conditions of sturm's theorem, and thus an algorith...
wikipedia
0806d989a2973fb78057bb96a5dad67c2da5129d
starting with f 1 (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x)} and
starting with f 1 (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x)} and f 2 (x) {\displaystyle f_{2}(x)}, and denoting the remainder of f 1 (x) / f 2 (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x)/f_{2}(x)} by f 3 (x) {\displaystyle f_{3}(x)} and similarly denoting the remainder of f 2 (x) / f 3 (x) {\displaystyle f_{2}(x)/f_{3}(x)} by f 4 (x) {\displaystyle...
wikipedia
e3e0693a0804697b5cd8ca0def9ba417321986bb
and we define v (x) {\displaystyle v(x)} as
and we define v (x) {\displaystyle v(x)} as the number of changes of sign in the sequence f 1 (x), f 2 (x), …, f m (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x),f_{2}(x),\dots,f_{m}(x)} for a fixed value of x {\displaystyle x}, then:
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abf258c782ff38438640ccd3a5a27a16b65e1ab5
1) if f k (x) = 0 {\displaystyle
1) if f k (x) = 0 {\displaystyle f_{k}(x)=0} then f k βˆ’ 1 (x) β‰  0 {\displaystyle f_{k-1}(x)\neq 0}, f k + 1 (x) β‰  0 {\displaystyle f_{k+1}(x)\neq 0}, and sign = βˆ’ sign {\displaystyle \operatorname {sign} =-\operatorname {sign} }
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71ba04236c32cfefe35d166b098ef1be18ecf48f
given a sequence of polynomials f 1 (x),
given a sequence of polynomials f 1 (x), f 2 (x), …, f m (x) {\displaystyle f_{1}(x),f_{2}(x),\dots,f_{m}(x)} where:
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bacba3c0d39a7ebd113bc8c8910311d1ed3a4b73
sturm gives us a method for evaluating Ξ”
sturm gives us a method for evaluating Ξ” = i βˆ’ ∞ + ∞ f 2 (x) f 1 (x) {\displaystyle \delta =i_{-\infty }^{+\infty }{\frac {f_{2}(x)}{f_{1}(x)}}}. his theorem states as follows:
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34b4ccc41d091ca3625e0890a642d84e33f7a552
lo and behold we are evaluating the same
lo and behold we are evaluating the same cauchy index for both: Ξ” = i βˆ’ ∞ + ∞ b 0 Ο‰ n βˆ’ 1 βˆ’ b 1 Ο‰ n βˆ’ 3 + … a 0 Ο‰ n βˆ’ a 1 Ο‰ n βˆ’ 2 + … (27) {\displaystyle \delta =i_{-\infty }^{+\infty }{\frac {b_{0}\omega ^{n-1}-b_{1}\omega ^{n-3}+\ldots }{a_{0}\omega ^{n}-a_{1}\omega ^{n-2}+\ldots }}\quad (27)}
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214284e672d728b7e7f7fba799b12db147108e1f
now observe that if n {\displaystyle n} is
now observe that if n {\displaystyle n} is an odd integer, then by (3) n + p {\displaystyle n+p} is odd. if n + p {\displaystyle n+p} is an odd integer, then n βˆ’ p {\displaystyle n-p} is odd as well. similarly, this same argument shows that when n {\displaystyle n} is even, n βˆ’ p {\displaystyle n-p} will be even. equat...
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7dd01ad2744ddbbb82f007e62d229f14ecc88eb0
over said interval when our starting point is
over said interval when our starting point is at an incongruity.this difference, Ξ” {\displaystyle \delta }, of negative and positive jumping incongruities encountered while traversing x {\displaystyle x} from βˆ’ j ∞ {\displaystyle -j\infty } to + j ∞ {\displaystyle +j\infty } is called the cauchy index of the tangent of...
wikipedia
08111cce216f51cc962056ced148ca7a9f4a852a
in the case where the starting point is
in the case where the starting point is on an incongruity (i.e. ΞΈ a = Ο€ / 2 Β± i Ο€ {\displaystyle \theta _{a}=\pi /2\pm i\pi }, i = 0, 1, 2,...) the ending point will be on an incongruity as well, by equation (17) (since n {\displaystyle n} is an integer and p {\displaystyle p} is an integer, Ξ” {\displaystyle \delta } w...
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c549c21f5458db8d59d322c64026877f3de31327
thus, ΞΈ (x) | βˆ’ j ∞ j
thus, ΞΈ (x) | βˆ’ j ∞ j ∞ {\displaystyle \theta (x){\big |}_{-j\infty }^{j\infty }} is Ο€ {\displaystyle \pi } times the difference between the number of points at which i m / r e {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {im}}/{\mathfrak {re}}} jumps from βˆ’ ∞ {\displaystyle -\infty } to + ∞ {\displaystyle +\infty } and the number of poi...
wikipedia
2f4e5f048bf4eea6fe04a394bde57e5a59226ec0
in accordance with (6) and figure 1, the
in accordance with (6) and figure 1, the graph of tan (ΞΈ) {\displaystyle \tan(\theta)} vs ΞΈ {\displaystyle \theta }, varying x {\displaystyle x} over an interval (a,b) where ΞΈ a = ΞΈ (x) | x = j a {\displaystyle \theta _{a}=\theta (x)|_{x=ja}} and ΞΈ b = ΞΈ (x) | x = j b {\displaystyle \theta _{b}=\theta (x)|_{x=jb}} are ...
wikipedia
02d516c201cc294eb8f9050d74549d8682a94c3a
in accordance with (6) and figure 1, the
to + ∞ {\displaystyle +\infty } one more time than it has jumped from + ∞ {\displaystyle +\infty } to βˆ’ ∞ {\displaystyle -\infty } as x {\displaystyle x} was varied over the said interval.
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9ae9dc2efc56d53a9e82a66573594137955941b5
therefore, given an equation of f (x) {\displaystyle
therefore, given an equation of f (x) {\displaystyle f(x)} of degree n {\displaystyle n} we need only evaluate this function Ξ” {\displaystyle \delta } to determine n {\displaystyle n}, the number of roots with negative real parts and p {\displaystyle p}, the number of roots with positive real parts.
wikipedia
3ca15a4eed0ab7f3965cf3f60727a960ec1c92eb
from (9) to (11) we find that ΞΈ
from (9) to (11) we find that ΞΈ r i (x) | x = βˆ’ j ∞ x = j ∞ = βˆ’ Ο€ {\displaystyle \theta _{r_{i}}(x){\big |}_{x=-j\infty }^{x=j\infty }=-\pi } when the i root of f (x) {\displaystyle f(x)} has a positive real part, and from (12) to (14) we find that ΞΈ r i (x) | x = βˆ’ j ∞ x = j ∞ = Ο€ {\displaystyle \theta _{r_{i}}(x){\bi...
wikipedia
85a5216e1c0edfb471fae932c203636d83ecc513
the routh array is a tabular method permitting
the routh array is a tabular method permitting one to establish the stability of a system using only the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial. central to the field of control systems design, the routh–hurwitz theorem and routh array emerge by using the euclidean algorithm and sturm's theorem in evaluating cauc...
wikipedia
814b5c6980cdf68f45fd01ec8ba10c612ee9b27c
the combined islands cricket team was a cricket
the combined islands cricket team was a cricket team that represented the cricket-playing islands of the lesser antilles, excluding barbados and trinidad and tobago who fielded their own teams. they played in 13 shell shield tournaments from 1965–66 to 1980–81, when they won their first title and were subsequently disb...
wikipedia
da06e420a5ba526b14e261068da6d81bd6560e54
out of 30 first-class home games, the most
out of 30 first-class home games, the most were played in warner park on saint kitts, which hosted seven games. the team played cricket on a total of eight different islands, with antigua getting six, saint lucia five, grenada four, dominica and saint vincent three, while montserrat and nevis hosted one game each.
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59bd003509a7b009a0fbc0e823b7370c82fb286c
the innings defeat was the end of the
the innings defeat was the end of the combined islands team. the west indies cricket board made the decision to split the team into windward and leeward islands, and the first match of the 1981-82 shell shield was played between these two teams - the leeward islands, whose team included 10 players who had played for th...
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6defec309091755f147a29babd1ae1c7f801d0a1
finally, after four runner-up spots in the preceding
finally, after four runner-up spots in the preceding six seasons, it was the combined islands' turn to win the shell shield trophy in 1980-81. after starting with a draw in trinidad, the combined islands won both home games - first an innings win over jamaica, in which andy roberts took 11 for 101 and completed a hat-t...
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44c6ea52ed4b0ed338ec57d0568c2db9b3130eb0
the next season saw the combined islands return
the next season saw the combined islands return to the runners-up spot, after winning two games in a season for the first time, and before the final game in barbados they trailed their hosts by 11 points after a drawn game in trinidad two weeks earlier. after being put in the field by the barbados captain, combined isl...
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1e1b33b24c8f43bd48862c6141fa60094e6b7de4
the combined islands finished second for the third
the combined islands finished second for the third time in four seasons in 1977-78, but this time they were in last place before the final round, when they beat trinidad and tobago by seven wickets to avoid the last place and propel themselves up the table to a shared second place with jamaica. all-rounder norbert phil...
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e922feac63c6007580c2eed13e37389c0601f898
the next season saw them fall back to
the next season saw them fall back to fourth place, however, with none of the four matches seeing more than 325 overs of play in four days as the combined islands drew all four games – with two ending before the first innings were completed. irvine shillingford still managed to hit 257 runs in his three innings, averag...
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b02cf6d2a16c654aee3e8c441ae9c54a13663b80
the next season, they got their best position
the next season, they got their best position in the shell shield thus far, going unbeaten through the season and also recording their first away win – a 163-run win over barbados, their highest win yet, which also included a second-innings century from allen and a new record bowling analysis of six for 35 from roberts...
wikipedia
22b8af234ff2d33bf96dd62f0921879bdf0e8c7a
in 1970–71, the combined islands registered their first
in 1970–71, the combined islands registered their first win in five years, but still finished last behind guyana – despite beating guyana by 50 runs, the team lost their other three matches, and guyana finished two points ahead. the 1971–72 season went by without a single win, although they gained a lead on first innin...
wikipedia
52c4402c83cd6e4950babf16f7434eda17baad2f
it took a further four seasons before the
it took a further four seasons before the combined islands returned to the shell shield – the leeward and windward teams played games, but the matches they played did not count for points. the combined team was back for the 1969–70 tournament, though, and duly lost all four games, with no player averaging more than 26 ...
wikipedia
308effd0298916b122b250e9da04853112b543d5
in 1965–66, the team was among the five
in 1965–66, the team was among the five that played for the inaugural shell shield. after two draws against jamaica and barbados, the team went down to british guiana, before winning the last game against trinidad and tobago to finish third in the table and record their first victory.
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12f435fa1ca6a833b0392023b348742d836616d5
the combined islands played 54 first-class games, winning
the combined islands played 54 first-class games, winning 11, drawing 19 and losing 24. 52 of those games were in the shell shield tournament, with the other two games both coming in the 1961–62 season – a pentangular tournament preliminary round loss to british guiana, was followed by a home defeat to the touring indi...
wikipedia
814b5c6980cdf68f45fd01ec8ba10c612ee9b27c
the combined islands cricket team was a cricket
the combined islands cricket team was a cricket team that represented the cricket-playing islands of the lesser antilles, excluding barbados and trinidad and tobago who fielded their own teams. they played in 13 shell shield tournaments from 1965–66 to 1980–81, when they won their first title and were subsequently disb...
wikipedia
6ec3208b7d88f80471d5b917cb0d8314a3fb5de4
ceramidase is an enzyme which cleaves fatty acids
ceramidase is an enzyme which cleaves fatty acids from ceramide, producing sphingosine (sph) which in turn is phosphorylated by a sphingosine kinase to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p).
wikipedia
ed5ed0588642815b583e039fafcffeadf01f16b8
human neutral ceramidase (ncdase) is an enzyme that
human neutral ceramidase (ncdase) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in colon cancer and there are currently no potent or clinically effective inhibitors for ncdase reported to date. inhibitors of ncdase were identified via a high-throughput screening effort of large chemical libraries at scripps research. multipl...
wikipedia
abb55fd3f23d212c734062b3e4e2c20e225f35b7
ceramidase (ec 3.5.1.23, acylsphingosine deacylase, glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase)
ceramidase (ec 3.5.1.23, acylsphingosine deacylase, glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase) is an enzyme which cleaves fatty acids from ceramide, producing sphingosine (sph) which in turn is phosphorylated by a sphingosine kinase to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p).
wikipedia
d6cbb140bef28cdd11f12bbffb1ee442117948a8
candy is the seventh single of the 12
candy is the seventh single of the 12 singles collection by japanese artist kumi koda. the single featured rapper mr. blistah from clench & blistah, and became her second to feature an artist – her first being "d.d.d.," which featured soulhead. as with the majority of the singles in the collection, the single was limit...
wikipedia
ec9e726b07e804427ac4e55e2aefa40232336eb5
unlike the other music videos, which featured the
unlike the other music videos, which featured the love interests discussing heartbreak, "candy" opened with narration spoken in english. the video carried the theme of a wealthy prince from the underworld, played by mr. blistah, attempting to buy the affection and love of the princess of the sky, played by kumi, who ha...
wikipedia
140f2e10ff02b066d5dcfe2965c794fc63d1fe90
while "candy" was the seventh single released in
while "candy" was the seventh single released in the collection, its accompanying music video was the prelude to the story-line driven videos, " you," " lies," " feel " and, ultimately, " someday." the video opened with narration, done in english.
wikipedia
268b32b7d35eae8b586853ed44171cd1bd1ba554
the song was written and produced by daisuke
the song was written and produced by daisuke "d.i" imai, who had worked with kumi several times in the past and would work with her many times in the future. daisuke has been producing music in japan and for avex artists since 1999. while the song's score was written by daisuke, kumi and blistah co-wrote the lyrics. ku...
wikipedia
ac26a6d98c59f8634947f4c71d0dab05b3910222
each single in the 12 singles collection had
each single in the 12 singles collection had unique cover art based on certain cultures in various countries. the back cover of each single was a piece to a puzzle, which could only be completed by purchasing all twelve singles. the same was done for the obi strips, which contained a full image when arranged together i...
wikipedia
5d2ef0ce44c9073a79683d2ebda803c764dafc82
the single ranked in the top five on
the single ranked in the top five on the charts, taking the no. 3 spot on the oricon singles charts, and remained on the charts for seven weeks. as with many of the other singles in the collection, this single was also limited 50,000 copies.
wikipedia
c5493a25052bf68f30ee7e683e5b3d41da437cf7
candy is singer-songwriter kumi koda 's seventh single
candy is singer-songwriter kumi koda 's seventh single released in her 12 singles collection and twenty-fifth overall single. the single became her second in the series to feature an artist – her first being " d.d.d.," which featured sister-duo soulhead – and featured rapper mr. blistah from the rap duo clench & blista...
wikipedia
5b8069fbdedcb6d5417834c0ed46356c96f60479
candy is the seventh single of the 12
candy is the seventh single of the 12 singles collection by japanese artist kumi koda. the single featured rapper mr. blistah from clench & blistah, and became her second to feature an artist – her first being " d.d.d.," which featured soulhead. as with the majority of the singles in the collection, the single was limi...
wikipedia
cde9d36551e387f33868c7b3270ad43cebb39681
douglas sharon is a canadian cultural anthropologist (ucla),
douglas sharon is a canadian cultural anthropologist (ucla), ethnobotanist and shamanism scholar who has directed both the university of california/berkeley's phoebe hearst museum of anthropology and the san diego museum of man. he has conducted more than 40 years of field research and published on pre-columbian and mo...
wikipedia
b17a3c30b9c94501f2a304a8a7fc38cb4b299e9f
his ethnographic film entitled eduardo the healer is
his ethnographic film entitled eduardo the healer is utilized in university-level anthropology courses and has won awards at the american, modern language, and john muir medical film festivals. sharon directs projects in cultural anthropology and lectures internationally on the integration of traditional healing practi...
wikipedia
88282295ad3227e04ead4662799ca871f8ff747d
douglas sharon is a canadian cultural anthropologist (ucla),
douglas sharon is a canadian cultural anthropologist (ucla), ethnobotanist and shamanism scholar who has directed both the university of california/berkeley's phoebe hearst museum of anthropology and the san diego museum of man. he has conducted more than 40 years of field research and published on pre-columbian and mo...
wikipedia
590ca5c7d72093fd405df2823ad45974b40f5d95
he was recalled to the national team in
he was recalled to the national team in october 2018. on 13 october, he was one of south africa's goalscorers as the nation recorded its largest ever victory with a 6–0 win over seychelles in an africa cup of nations qualifier.
wikipedia
48fef22ae59bc3f8f02f1210e14e6e425d5a84ce
on 12 august 2016 fk qarabağ announced they
on 12 august 2016 fk qarabağ announced they had signed ndlovu to a two-year contract. during the 2017–18 uefa champions league campaign, ndlovu scored an away goal against fc copenhagen which helped qarabağ qualify for the group stages of the tournament for the first time in the club's history
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41d0afe228346808f5ef033c8031720438776b05
ndlovu hails from jouberton near klerksdorp. during his
ndlovu hails from jouberton near klerksdorp. during his formative years, ndlovu began playing soccer on the streets and when he was sixteen, he was afforded the opportunity to join an academy of excellence. he had to turn down the opportunity, however as it would have left his mother alone at home. he later traveled to...
wikipedia
265bf7531bad4a510c5579cfcae695710346831b
chemical milling or industrial etching is the subtractive
chemical milling or industrial etching is the subtractive manufacturing process of using baths of temperature-regulated etching chemicals to remove material to create an object with the desired shape. other names for chemical etching include photo etching, chemical etching, photo chemical etching and photochemical mach...
wikipedia
32c7f30540217af7302a4710725aa56b06042271
demasking is the process of clearing the part
demasking is the process of clearing the part of etchant and maskant. etchant is generally removed with a wash of clear, cold water. a de-oxidizing bath may also be required in the common case that the etching process left a film of oxide on the surface of the material. various methods may be used to remove the maskant...
wikipedia
c4efce1bbbcfdb6936dad73d83c89b649c1687b4
where e is the rate of etching (usually
where e is the rate of etching (usually abbreviated to etch rate), s is the depth of the cut required, and t is the total immersion time. etch rate varies based on factors such as the concentration and composition of the etchant, the material to be etched, and temperature conditions. due to its inconstant nature, etch ...
wikipedia
f3908c6560f0f5e93dfcdb6dae91aa2504e51b70
etching is the immersion of the part into
etching is the immersion of the part into the chemical bath, and the action of the chemical on the part to be milled. the time spent immersed in the chemical bath determines the depth of the resulting etch; this time is calculated via the formula:
wikipedia
b824490e8ef93548a65af1bb726e78df57413ee9
scribing is the removal of maskant on the
scribing is the removal of maskant on the areas to be etched. for decorative applications, this is often done by hand through the use of a scribing knife, etching needle or similar tool; modern industrial applications may involve an operator scribing with the aid of a template or use computer numerical control to autom...
wikipedia
4ffd5637a355c706fd6854754e80a8fbd837f920
the maskant to be used is determined primarily
the maskant to be used is determined primarily by the chemical used to etch the material, and the material itself. the maskant must adhere to the surface of the material, and it must also be chemically inert enough with regard to the etchant to protect the workpiece. most modern chemical milling processes use maskants ...
wikipedia
43f3eafe12e9d71dce1578107d81f19bc6046c48
masking is the process of applying the maskant
masking is the process of applying the maskant material to the surface to ensure that only desired areas are etched. liquid maskants may be applied via dip-masking, in which the part is dipped into an open tank of maskant and then the maskant dried. maskant may also be applied by flow coating: liquid maskant is flowed ...
wikipedia
93c66fa860145057e2ad7ddf2f497acbcff14c92
cleaning is the preparatory process of ensuring that
cleaning is the preparatory process of ensuring that the surface to be etched is free of contaminants which could negatively impact the quality of the finished part. an improperly cleaned surface could result in poor adhesion of the maskant, causing areas to be etched erroneously, or a non-uniform etch rate which could...
wikipedia
6ff9c4acc1a80157773feb934ac5432d731aa172
etching has applications in the printed circuit board
etching has applications in the printed circuit board and semiconductor fabrication industries. it is also used in the aerospace industry to remove shallow layers of material from large aircraft components, missile skin panels, and extruded parts for airframes. etching is used widely to manufacture integrated circuits ...
wikipedia
c0762ef1f8c505c55ab8c1fdd44756eb48686b06
one of the earliest uses of chemical etching
one of the earliest uses of chemical etching to mill commercial parts was in 1927, when the swedish company aktiebolaget separator patented a method of producing edge filters by chemically milling the gaps in the filters. later, around the 1940s, it became widely used to machine thin samples of very hard metal; photo-e...
wikipedia
3bd60f0bdbc71b25d8b6c3bf4957bcfac1fdee99
in 1782, the discovery was made by john
in 1782, the discovery was made by john senebier that certain resins lost their solubility to turpentine when exposed to light; that is, they hardened. this allowed the development of photochemical milling, where a liquid maskant is applied to the entire surface of a material, and the outline of the area to be masked c...
wikipedia
af8b8bdfec470946f6ce7edf7ef3985fab8b9dac
armor etching, using strong mineral acids, was not
armor etching, using strong mineral acids, was not developed until the fifteenth century. etchants mixed from salt, charcoal, and vinegar were applied to plate armor that had been painted with a maskant of linseed-oil paint. the etchant would bite into the unprotected areas, causing the painted areas to be raised into ...
wikipedia
eaed7f307b99dbe0a3bfad81ceea64d11d58487f
organic chemicals such as lactic acid and citric
organic chemicals such as lactic acid and citric acid have been used to etch metals and create products as early as 400 bce, when vinegar was used to corrode lead and create the pigment ceruse, also known as white lead. most modern chemical milling methods involve alkaline etchants; these may have been used as early as...
wikipedia
265bf7531bad4a510c5579cfcae695710346831b
chemical milling or industrial etching is the subtractive
chemical milling or industrial etching is the subtractive manufacturing process of using baths of temperature-regulated etching chemicals to remove material to create an object with the desired shape. other names for chemical etching include photo etching, chemical etching, photo chemical etching and photochemical mach...
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f8756ad8b9de10abffabe850b8ee52ca162fee69
he was elected a fellow of the royal
he was elected a fellow of the royal society of new zealand in 1962, and in 1969 he won the society's hector medal, at that time new zealand's highest science prize. he received the mineralogical society of america award in 1963. in the 2002 new year honours, coombs was appointed a companion of the new zealand order of...
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934af410fa8b3850240f18268a564be910983d2b
coombs went on to study at the university
coombs went on to study at the university of otago, graduating with a bachelor of science degree in 1946 and master of science with first-class honours in 1948. he then studied at the university of cambridge, where he was awarded a phd in 1952.
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43460f4ab322a3e919fdc68b044bfbbdbabc7289
born in the dunedin suburb of st clair
born in the dunedin suburb of st clair on 23 november 1924, coombs was the son of architect leslie douglas coombs and nellie vera von tunzelmann coombs (nΓ©e saxon), and the nephew of ken saxon. he was educated at king's high school, and played cricket for otago in the 1942–43 season as a right-hand batsman and leg-brea...
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86947638cbb9cdbf08f884702c7034da3cc5b83a
charles matthew "chuck" geschke was an american businessman
charles matthew "chuck" geschke was an american businessman and computer scientist best known for founding the graphics and publishing software company adobe inc. with john warnock in 1982, with whom he also co-created the pdf document format.
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d1ac8edf0bd4af3ae5fe25ac53da88737aa8d95e
geschke's mother was a bankruptcy court paralegal. both
geschke's mother was a bankruptcy court paralegal. both geschke's father and paternal grandfather worked as letterpress photo engravers. geschke's father helped during the early days of adobe by checking color separation work with his engraver's loupe. geschke described his father's acknowledg ment of the high quality ...
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b50b2b1f72d2c497cbfe83fb8fd1a17363dba164
geschke was a catholic and met his wife
geschke was a catholic and met his wife nancy "nan" mcdonough at a religious conference on social action in the spring of 1961. they married in 1964. both were graduates of catholic institutions. in 2012 they received the st. elizabeth ann seton award from the national catholic educational association (ncea) for their ...
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8c30c8ce46b3cf518297e5a96b0f42fade8b41d7
in 1995, he was elected to the national
in 1995, he was elected to the national academy of engineering. in 2008, he was elected to the american academy of arts and sciences. in 2010, he completed his term as chairman of the board of trustees of the university of san francisco. in 2012, he was elected to the american philosophical society.
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99aa89b3212ff641183dbad4da6478f8ea07e012
geschke was on the boards of the san
geschke was on the boards of the san francisco symphony, the national leadership roundtable on church management, the commonwealth club of california, tableau software, the egan maritime foundation, and the nantucket boys and girls club. he was also a member of the computer science advisory board at carnegie mellon uni...
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d7ff51c40e87ae02eab1de9ebd0a7994254e0b2e
on sunday, may 20, 2012, geschke delivered the
on sunday, may 20, 2012, geschke delivered the commencement speech at john carroll university in university heights, ohio, where he had been a mathematics professor early in his career and was awarded an honorary doctorate of humane letters.
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26a13f5cb9ab6cd56ff51c6789843535c226b2c6
in october 2006, geschke, along with co-founder john
in october 2006, geschke, along with co-founder john warnock received the annual aea medal of achievement, making them the first software executives to receive this award. in 2008 he received the computer entrepreneur award from the ieee computer society. he also won the 2008 national medal of technology and innovation...
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024982aa698673471a6aa99216b37bf701e869e8
on the morning of may 26, 1992, as
on the morning of may 26, 1992, as geschke was arriving for work in mountain view, california, he was kidnapped at gunpoint from the adobe parking lot by two men, mouhannad albukhari, 26, of san jose, and jack sayeh, 25, of campbell. a spokesperson for the fbi reported that the agency had monitored phone calls that the...
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16ce10731733c50f296e46f2b5e9a339e8d0643e
from december 1986 until july 1994, geschke was
from december 1986 until july 1994, geschke was adobe's chief operating officer, and from april 1989 until april 2000 he was the company's president. geschke retired as president of adobe in 2000, shortly before his partner warnock left as ceo. geschke had also been co-chairman of the board of adobe from september 1997...
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22dd59237f89b222af8133fb1996c412b7aeef92
geschke and warnock founded adobe in warnock's garage
geschke and warnock founded adobe in warnock's garage in 1982, naming the company after the adobe creek that ran behind warnock's home. interpress eventually evolved into postscript. its use on apple computers resulted in one of the first desktop publishing (dtp) systems which allowed users to compose documents on a pe...
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1996565885039d1d01a5a4517ed3005b0bbc51fb
in 1978, geschke started the imaging sciences laboratory
in 1978, geschke started the imaging sciences laboratory at parc, and conducted research in the areas of graphics, optics, and image processing. he hired john warnock, and together they developed interpress, a page description language (pdl) that could describe forms as complex as typefaces. unable to convince xerox ma...
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525eeca02cb80d0d5b0c012a9f4c0cbcfcededd1
geschke started working at xerox 's palo alto
geschke started working at xerox 's palo alto research center (parc) in october 1972. his first project was to build a mainframe computer. afterward, he worked on programming languages and developed tools that were used to build the xerox star workstation.
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30a9b46b06f14ff4cb6535af70c89e87556e0a29
geschke earned an ab in classics in 1962
geschke earned an ab in classics in 1962 and an ms in mathematics in 1963, both from xavier university. he taught mathematics at john carroll university from 1963 to 1968. in 1972, he completed his phd studies in computer science at carnegie mellon university under the advice of william wulf. he was a co-author of wulf...
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03cf9fbccc702c2835224fc992d129fcd617ad32
charles matthew " chuck " geschke (september 11,
charles matthew " chuck " geschke (september 11, 1939 – april 16, 2021) was an american businessman and computer scientist best known for founding the graphics and publishing software company adobe inc. with john warnock in 1982, with whom he also co-created the pdf document format.
wikipedia
d0f9c3817fb16c1ba7554b19567d0635cdc676bc
elizabeth a. rauscher (1937–2019) was an american physicist
elizabeth a. rauscher (1937–2019) was an american physicist and parapsychologist. she was born in berkeley, california on march 18, 1937. she died on july 3, 2019. she was a former researcher with the lawrence berkeley national laboratory, lawrence livermore national laboratory, the stanford research institute, and nas...
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64db5e8cf711f3d13ffa0358b55bce4e863ecfde
starting in the early 1980s with her husbandβ€”william
starting in the early 1980s with her husbandβ€”william van bise, an engineerβ€”she researched the effects of electromagnetic fields on biological systems to enhance health. in the 1990s, rauscher and van bise, moved to an estate in devotion, north carolina, owned by richard j. reynolds iii, grandson of r. j. reynolds, the ...
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f78eb68b930616fbfb9e98029c5aaa8340d16c05
kaiser describes how rauscher's personal interests within the
kaiser describes how rauscher's personal interests within the group lay with remote viewing, precognition, psychokinesis, remote healing, and ghosts. jeffrey john kripal writes that rauscher broadened the group to include non-physicists, and in the late 1970s and early 1980s the group's members met annually at the esal...
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aba2941a8c956b1871ffaa739f8a8b5d4a80e4e0
at berkeley in may 1975, she and george
at berkeley in may 1975, she and george weissmann co-founded the fundamental fysiks group, an informal group of physicists who met for friday afternoon brainstorming sessions to explore the philosophical problems posed by quantum physics, particularly the relationship between physics and consciousness. she named and ch...
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b9215523c21751f7cbb200c70926da10420b3824
she later held positions as professor of physics
she later held positions as professor of physics and general science at john f. kennedy university, 1978–1984; research consultant to nasa, 1983–1985; and professor and graduate student adviser in the department of physics at the university of nevada, reno, 1990–1998.
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42db1e0bfbbc2be3dc5403128dc3b455b8077162
she married and had a son, and when
she married and had a son, and when she became their sole provider took a job as a staff scientist at the lawrence livermore national laboratory. when her son was old enough, she returned to berkeley to begin her phd under glenn seaborg, the nuclear chemist. she continued by working at lawrence berkeley national labora...
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7b691df191ce8eebb5aa2fa38f7fb862a55d9fb4
in how the hippies saved physics (2011), kaiser
in how the hippies saved physics (2011), kaiser writes that rauscher had always been interested in science, and as a child had designed and built her own telescopes. raised near berkeley, she started hanging around the lawrence berkeley laboratory when she was in high school. she enrolled at berkeley for her first degr...
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17fa1b1084b320f4b0f56f9436bfd9f397f91c55
in 1975 rauscher co-founded the berkeley fundamental fysiks
in 1975 rauscher co-founded the berkeley fundamental fysiks group, an informal group of physicists who met weekly to discuss quantum mysticism and the philosophy of quantum physics. david kaiser argued in his book, how the hippies saved physics that this group helped to nurture ideas which were unpopular at the time wi...
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4c9736c6084bd49b55e5ca15d3ee4b4dde3f47d5
elizabeth a. rauscher (1937–2019) was an american physicist
elizabeth a. rauscher (1937–2019) was an american physicist and parapsychologist. she was born in berkeley, california on march 18, 1937. she died on july 3, 2019 (aged 82).
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3c3763133bcbb220a7b8228b6c8fe9330f2155a3
dmitriy g. stankevich is a ukrainian astronomer, specialist
dmitriy g. stankevich is a ukrainian astronomer, specialist in computer modeling of light scattering by regoliths of planets and the moon, as well as in digital processing of astronomical images. winner of the state prize of the ukrainian ssr in science and technology (1986).
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5e287d90d6b504ad019df2e9246e3de7e3106e66
since 2001, stankevich has been working as an
since 2001, stankevich has been working as an associate professor at the department of astronomy at the school of physics of kharkiv university. he teaches general astronomy, theoretical astrophysics, and computer technologies in astronomy. he also directs bachelor's and master's theses of students, supervises research...
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dfba016afedaeb14befaba22b3c7e084e5351714
in 1988 stankevich moved to work at kharkiv
in 1988 stankevich moved to work at kharkiv university. he continued his research on processing of astronomical and space images, and worked on the issues of light scattering by surfaces of celestial bodies. in 1989 he defended his phd thesis "investigation of the surface of venus by digital image processing methods".
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90a2c169cd4f10588896516283606b4974acb52a
in 1978, dmitriy g. stankevich graduated from kharkiv
in 1978, dmitriy g. stankevich graduated from kharkiv state university. he worked at the institute for radiophysics and electronics of the academy of sciences of the ukrainian ssr on the development of software and hardware for digital processing of astronomical and space images. for these works, he received the state ...
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ae93d68310d5c8966c133e7ddd8982299ae42ba8
dmitriy g. stankevich (born 1956) is a ukrainian
dmitriy g. stankevich (born 1956) is a ukrainian astronomer, specialist in computer modeling of light scattering by regoliths of planets and the moon, as well as in digital processing of astronomical images. winner of the state prize of the ukrainian ssr in science and technology (1986).
wikipedia
6fd84df7c77d63f69089a9d49df3e862330c5298
donald richard ort is an american botanist and
donald richard ort is an american botanist and biochemist. he is the robert emerson professor of plant biology and crop sciences at the university of illinois at urbana-champaign where he works on improving crop productivity and resilience to climate change by redesigning photosynthesis. he is a member of the national ...
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a213e2e7342a84260720aefdf717a52bc167c2fd
the agricultural research service recognized ort as the
the agricultural research service recognized ort as the senior area midwest researcher of the year in 1993 and as a supergrade scientist in 2003. he was also a recipient of various merit awards from the united states department of agriculture. the college of agricultural, consumer and environmental sciences (aces) reco...
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