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, expressed in multiples of? 94 2 • problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 33. an unwary football player collides with a padded goalpost while running at a velocity of 7. 50 m / s and comes to a full stop after compressing the padding and his body 0. 350 m. ( a ) what is his deceleration? ( b ) how long ...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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is 130 m long, when does the end of the train leave the station? ( d ) what is the velocity of the end of the train as it leaves? 37. dragsters can actually reach a top speed of 145 m / s in only 4. 45 s — considerably less time than given in example 2. 10 and example 2. 11. ( a ) calculate the average acceleration for...
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11. 5 m / s and accelerates at the rate of for 7. 00 s. ( a ) what is his final velocity? ( b ) the racer continues at this velocity to the finish line. if he was 300 m from the finish line when he started to accelerate, how much time did he save? ( c ) one other racer was 5. 00 m ahead when the winner started to accel...
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183. 58 mi / h. the one - way course was 5. 00 mi long. acceleration rates are often described by the time it takes to reach 60. 0 mi / h from rest. if this time was 4. 00 s, and burt accelerated at this rate until he reached his maximum speed, how long did it take burt to complete the course? 40. ( a ) a world record ...
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2. 50 s for a rock thrown straight down with an initial velocity of 14. 0 m / s from the verrazano narrows bridge in new york city. the roadway of this bridge is 70. 0 m above the water. 43. a basketball referee tosses the ball straight up for the starting tip - off. at what velocity must a basketball player leave the ...
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the pool. ( a ) how long are her feet in the air? ( b ) what is her highest point above the board? ( c ) what is her velocity when her feet hit the water? 47. ( a ) calculate the height of a cliff if it takes 2. 35 s for a rock to hit the ground when it is thrown straight up from the cliff with an initial velocity of
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8. 00 m / s. ( b ) how long would it take to reach the ground if it is thrown straight down with the same speed? 48. a very strong, but inept, shot putter puts the shot straight up vertically with an initial velocity of 11. 0 m / s. how long does he have to get out of the way if the shot was released at a height of 2. ...
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when it strikes the ground? ( b ) assuming a reaction time of 0. 300 s, how long will a tourist at the bottom have to get out of the way after hearing the sound of the rock breaking loose ( neglecting the height of the tourist, which would become negligible anyway if hit )? the speed of sound is 335 m / s on this day. ...
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is absolutely rigid? 96 2 • problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 57. a coin is dropped from a hot - air balloon that is 300 m above the ground and rising at 10. 0 m / s upward. for the coin, find ( a ) the maximum height reached, ( b ) its position and velocity 4. 00 s after being released, and ( c ) t...
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2. 8 graphical analysis of one - dimensional motion note : there is always uncertainty in numbers taken from graphs. if your answers differ from expected values, examine them to see if they are within data extraction uncertainties estimated by you. 59. ( a ) by taking the slope of the curve in figure 2. 58, verify that...
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4 s? ( b ) what is his instantaneous velocity at? ( c ) what is his average acceleration between 0 and 4 s? ( d ) what is his time for the race? figure 2. 65 66. figure 2. 66 shows the position graph for a particle for 6 s. ( a ) draw the corresponding velocity vs. time graph. ( b ) what is the acceleration between 0 s...
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3. 5 addition of velocities the arc of a basketball, the orbit of a satellite, a bicycle rounding a curve, a swimmer diving into a pool, blood gushing out of a wound, and a puppy chasing its tail are but a few examples of motions along curved paths. in fact, most motions in nature follow curved paths rather than straig...
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3. 1 kinematics in two dimensions : an introduction learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • observe that motion in two dimensions consists of horizontal and vertical components. • understand the independence of horizontal and vertical vectors in two - dimensional motion. figure 3. 2 walk...
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of city blocks is, considerably shorter than the 14 blocks you walked. ( note that we are using three significant figures in the answer. although it appears that “ 9 ” and “ 5 ” have only one significant digit, they are discrete numbers. in this case “ 9 blocks ” is the same as “ 9. 0 or 9. 00 blocks. ” we have decided...
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this example, the vectors that we are adding are perpendicular to each other and thus form a right triangle. this means that we can use the pythagorean theorem to calculate the magnitude of the total displacement. ( note that we cannot use the pythagorean theorem to add vectors that are not perpendicular. we will devel...
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3. 1 • kinematics in two dimensions : an introduction 101 figure 3. 6 this shows the motions of two identical balls — one falls from rest, the other has an initial horizontal velocity. each subsequent position is an equal time interval. arrows represent horizontal and vertical velocities at each position. the ball on t...
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of physics. phet explorations ladybug motion 2d learn about position, velocity and acceleration vectors. move the ladybug by setting the position, velocity or acceleration, and see how the vectors change. choose linear, circular or elliptical motion, and record and playback the motion to analyze the behavior. click to ...
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3. 2 vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • understand the rules of vector addition, subtraction, and multiplication. • apply graphical methods of vector addition and subtraction to determine the displacement of moving objects. 102 3 •...
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for example, we will represent the quantity force with the vector, which has both magnitude and direction. the magnitude of the vector will be represented by a variable in italics, such as, and the direction of the variable will be given by an angle.
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3. 2 • vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods 103 figure 3. 9 to describe the resultant vector for the person walking in a city considered in figure 3. 8 graphically, draw an arrow to represent the total displacement vector. using a protractor, draw a line at an angle relative to the east - west axis. the ...
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##tics access for free at openstax. org figure 3. 11 step 2. now draw an arrow to represent the second vector ( 5 blocks to the north ). place the tail of the second vector at the head of the first vector. figure 3. 12 step 3. if there are more than two vectors, continue this process for each vector to be added. note t...
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3. 2 • vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods 105 step 6. to get the direction of the resultant, measure the angle it makes with the reference frame using a protractor. ( note that in most calculations, we will use trigonometric relationships to determine this angle. ) the graphical addition of vectors is ...
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23. 0 m heading north of east. finally, she turns and walks 32. 0 m in a direction 68. 0° south of east. strategy represent each displacement vector graphically with an arrow, labeling the first, the second, and the third, making the lengths proportional to the distance and the directions as specified relative to an ea...
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the same. this characteristic is true in every case and is an important characteristic of vectors. vector addition is commutative. vectors can be
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3. 2 • vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods 107 added in any order. ( this is true for the addition of ordinary numbers as well — you get the same result whether you add or, for example ). vector subtraction vector subtraction is a straightforward extension of vector addition. to define subtraction ( say...
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the trip, where will she end up? compare this location with the location of the dock. 3. 1
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3. 2 108 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org figure 3. 20 strategy we can represent the first leg of the trip with a vector, and the second leg of the trip with a vector. the dock is located at a location. if the woman mistakenly travels in the opposite direction for the second leg of the ...
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3. 2 • vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods 109 ( 5 ) to determine the location of the dock, we repeat this method to add vectors and. we obtain the resultant vector : figure 3. 23 in this case and north of east. we can see that the woman will end up a significant distance from the dock if she travels in...
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vectors to determine the resultant vector. in many cases, however, we will need to do the opposite. we will need to take a single vector and find what other vectors added together produce it. in most cases, this involves determining the perpendicular components of a single vector, for example the x - and y - components...
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3. 3 vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • understand the rules of vector addition and subtraction using analytical methods. • apply analytical methods to determine vertical and horizontal component vectors. • apply analytical method...
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##s of the vectors is also equal. that is, 3. 3
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3. 3 • vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods 111 thus, if the vector is known, then its magnitude ( its length ) and its angle ( its direction ) are known. to find and, its x - and y - components, we use the following relationships for a right triangle. and figure 3. 25 the magnitudes of the vector compo...
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3. 9 112 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org the magnitude and direction of a vector from its perpendicular components and, relative to the x - axis, we use the following relationships : figure 3. 27 the magnitude and direction of the resultant vector can be determined once the horizontal ...
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3. 3 • vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods 113 have walked first in the x - direction and then in the y - direction. those paths are the x - and y - components of the resultant, and. if we know and, we can find and using the equations and. when you use the analytical method of vector addition, you can ...
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can be found. step 3. to get the magnitude of the resultant, use the pythagorean theorem : 3. 12
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3. 13 114 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org step 4. to get the direction of the resultant relative to the x - axis : the following example illustrates this technique for adding vectors using perpendicular components. example 3. 3 adding vectors using analytical methods add the vector to ...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 3 • vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods 115 the x - and y - components of the resultant are thus and now we can find the magnitude of the resultant by using the pythagorean theorem : so that finally, we find the direction of the resultant : thus, figure 3. 32 using analytical methods, we see that th...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 27 116 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org figure 3. 33 the subtraction of the two vectors shown in figure 3. 28. the components of are the negatives of the components of. the method of subtraction is the same as that for addition. phet explorations vector addition learn how to add vect...
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3. 4 projectile motion learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • identify and explain the properties of a projectile, such as acceleration due to gravity, range, maximum height, and trajectory. • determine the location and velocity of a projectile at different points in its trajectory. • a...
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we would call displacement with components and. however, to simplify the notation, we will simply represent the component vectors as and. ) of course, to describe motion we must deal with velocity and acceleration, as well as with displacement. we must find their components along the x - and y - axes, too. we will assu...
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3. 4 • projectile motion 117 direction. if you arrange the coordinate system instead such that the downwards direction is positive, then acceleration due to gravity takes a positive value. ) because gravity is vertical,. both accelerations are constant, so the kinematic equations can be used. figure 3. 34 the total dis...
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3. 39 118 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org step 3. solve for the unknowns in the two separate motions — one horizontal and one vertical. note that the only common variable between the motions is time. the problem solving procedures here are the same as for one - dimensional kinematics a...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 4 • projectile motion 119 figure 3. 35 ( a ) we analyze two - dimensional projectile motion by breaking it into two independent one - dimensional motions along the vertical and horizontal axes. ( b ) the horizontal motion is simple, because and is thus constant. ( c ) the velocity in the vertical direction begins to...
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the trajectory of a fireworks shell. the fuse is set to explode the shell at the highest point in its trajectory, which is found to be at a height of 233 m and 125 m away horizontally. because and are both zero, the equation simplifies to solving for gives now we must find, the component of the initial velocity in the ...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 4 • projectile motion 121 solution for ( b ) as in many physics problems, there is more than one way to solve for the time to the highest point. in this case, the easiest method is to use. because is zero, this equation reduces to simply note that the final vertical velocity,, at the highest point is zero. thus, dis...
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3. 56 defining a coordinate system it is important to set up a coordinate system when analyzing projectile motion. one part of defining the coordinate system is to define an origin for the and positions. often, it is convenient to choose the initial position of the object as the origin such that and. it is also importa...
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the final velocity. thus, the vertical and horizontal results will be recombined to obtain and at the final time determined in the first part of the example. solution for ( a ) while the rock is in the air, it rises and then falls to a final position 20. 0 m lower than its starting altitude. we can find the time for th...
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3. 4 • projectile motion 123 solutions. ) the time is or. the negative value of time implies an event before the start of motion, and so we discard it. thus, discussion for ( a ) the time for projectile motion is completely determined by the vertical motion. so any projectile that has an initial vertical velocity of 14...
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phenomena, such as the orbits of satellites around the earth. let us consider projectile range further. 3. 61 3. 62 3. 63 3. 64 3. 65 3. 66 3. 67 3. 68 3. 69
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3. 70 124 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org figure 3. 38 trajectories of projectiles on level ground. ( a ) the greater the initial speed, the greater the range for a given initial angle. ( b ) the effect of initial angle on the range of a projectile with a given initial speed. note that...
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than predicted by the range equation given above because the projectile has farther to fall than it would on level ground. ( see figure 3. 39. ) if the initial speed is great enough, the projectile goes into orbit. this possibility was recognized centuries before it could be accomplished. when an object is in orbit, th...
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3. 4 • projectile motion 125 figure 3. 39 hypothetical projectile to satellite. from this theoretical tower, a projectile is launched from a very high tower to avoid air resistance. with increasing initial speed, the range increases and becomes longer than it would be on level ground because the earth curves away under...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 5 addition of velocities learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • apply principles of vector addition to determine relative velocity. • explain the significance of the observer in the measurement of velocity. relative velocity if a person rows a boat across a rapidly flowing river and ...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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add velocities. in this module, we first re - examine how to add velocities and then consider certain aspects of what relative velocity means. how do we add velocities? velocity is a vector ( it has both magnitude and direction ) ; the rules of vector addition discussed in vector addition and subtraction : graphical me...
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3. 75 take - home experiment : relative velocity of a boat fill a bathtub half - full of water. take a toy boat or some other object that floats in water. unplug the drain so water starts to drain. try pushing the boat from one side of the tub to the other and perpendicular to the flow of water. which way do you need t...
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1. 20 m / s to the right. refer to figure 3. 43, which shows a boat trying to go straight across the river. let us calculate the magnitude and direction of the boat ’ s velocity relative to an observer on the shore,. the velocity of the boat,, is 0. 75 m / s in the - direction relative to the river and the velocity of ...
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3. 5 • addition of velocities 129 this equation gives discussion both the magnitude and the direction of the total velocity are consistent with figure 3. 43. note that because the velocity of the river is large compared with the velocity of the boat, it is swept rapidly downstream. this result is evidenced by the small...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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the sums of the x - and y - components of the wind and plane velocities. note that the plane only has vertical component of velocity so and 3. 81
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3. 82 130 3 • two - dimensional kinematics access for free at openstax. org. that is, and we can use the first of these two equations to find : because and we have the minus sign indicates motion west which is consistent with the diagram. now, to find we note that here ; thus, this minus sign indicates motion south whi...
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. 86 3. 87 3. 88 3. 89 3. 90 3. 91 3. 92
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3. 5 • addition of velocities 131 nearly everyone has heard of relativity and immediately associates it with albert einstein ( 1879 – 1955 ), the greatest physicist of the 20th century. einstein revolutionized our view of nature with his modern theory of relativity, which we shall study in later chapters. the relative ...
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by two different observers. an observer on the moving ship sees the binoculars dropped from the top of its mast fall straight down. an observer on shore sees the binoculars take the curved path, moving forward with the ship. both observers see the binoculars strike the deck at the base of the mast. the initial horizont...
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. 42 and - 5. 42. we choose the negative root because we know that the velocity is directed downwards, and we have defined the positive direction to be upwards. there is no initial horizontal velocity relative to the plane and no horizontal acceleration, and so the motion is straight down relative to the plane. solutio...
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3. 5 • addition of velocities 133 thus, yielding the direction is given by : so that discussion in part ( a ), the final velocity relative to the plane is the same as it would be if the coin were dropped from rest on the earth and fell 1. 50 m. this result fits our experience ; objects in a plane fall the same way when...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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l / motion - 2d ). 3. 96 3. 97 3. 98 3. 99
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3. 100 making connections : relativity and einstein because einstein was able to clearly define how measurements are made ( some involve light ) and because the speed of light is the same for all observers, the outcomes are spectacularly unexpected. time varies with observer, energy is stored as increased mass, and mor...
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motion of an object that is subject only to the acceleration of gravity range the maximum horizontal distance that a projectile travels relative velocity the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame relativity the study of how different observers moving relative to each other measure the same...
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3. 2 vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods • the graphical method of adding vectors and involves drawing vectors on a graph and adding them using the head - to - tail method. the resultant vector is defined such that. the magnitude and direction of are then determined with a ruler and protractor, respecti...
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3. 3 vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods • the analytical method of vector addition and subtraction involves using the pythagorean theorem and trigonometric identities to determine the magnitude and direction of a resultant vector. • the steps to add vectors and using the analytical method are as follo...
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3. 4 projectile motion • projectile motion is the motion of an object through the air that is subject only to the acceleration of gravity. • to solve projectile motion problems, perform the following steps : 1. determine a coordinate system. then, resolve the position and / or velocity of the object in the horizontal a...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 2 vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods 1. which of the following is a vector : a person ’ s height, the altitude on mt. everest, the age of the earth, the boiling point of water, the cost of this book, the earth ’ s population, the acceleration of gravity? 2. give a specific example of a vector, stati...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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maximum magnitude? what relative direction between them produces the resultant with the smallest magnitude? what is the minimum magnitude? 10. give an example of a nonzero vector that has a component of zero. 3 • conceptual questions 137 11. explain why a vector cannot have a component greater than its own magnitude. 1...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 4 projectile motion 13. answer the following questions for projectile motion on level ground assuming negligible air resistance ( the initial angle being neither nor ) : ( a ) is the velocity ever zero? ( b ) when is the velocity a minimum? a maximum? ( c ) can the velocity ever be the same as the initial velocity a...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 5 addition of velocities 17. what frame or frames of reference do you instinctively use when driving a car? when flying in a commercial jet airplane? 18. a basketball player dribbling down the court usually keeps his eyes fixed on the players around him. he is moving fast. why doesn ’ t he need to keep his eyes on t...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 2 vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods use graphical methods to solve these problems. you may assume data taken from graphs is accurate to three digits. 1. find the following for path a in figure 3. 49 : ( a ) the total distance traveled, and ( b ) the magnitude and direction of the displacement from ...
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25. 0 m straight north. how far are you from your starting point, and what is the compass direction of a line connecting your starting point to your final position? ( if you represent the two legs of the walk as vector displacements and, as in figure 3. 50, then this problem asks you to find their sum. ) figure 3. 50 t...
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are five other orders in which,, and can be added ; choose only one. ) 9. show that the sum of the vectors discussed in example 3. 2 gives the result shown in figure 3. 23. 10. find the magnitudes of velocities and in figure 3. 52 figure 3. 52 the two velocities and add to give a total. 11. find the components of along...
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3. 3 vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods 13. find the following for path c in figure 3. 53 : ( a ) the total distance traveled and ( b ) the magnitude and direction of the displacement from start to finish. in this part of the problem, explicitly show how you follow the steps of the analytical method o...
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your other path. 18. you drive in a straight line in a direction east of north. ( a ) find the distances you would have to drive straight east and then straight north to arrive at the same point. ( this determination is equivalent to find the components of the displacement along the east and north directions. ) ( b ) s...
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as and in figure 3. 57, and then correctly calculate the length and orientation of the fourth side. what is their result? figure 3. 57 23. in an attempt to escape his island, gilligan builds a raft and sets to sea. the wind shifts a great deal during the day, and he is blown along the following straight lines : north o...
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3. 4 projectile motion 25. a projectile is launched at ground level with an initial speed of 50. 0 m / s at an angle of above the horizontal. it strikes a target above the ground 3. 00 seconds later. what are the and distances from where the projectile was launched to where it lands? 26. a ball is kicked with an initia...
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height of the arrow. ( a ) at what angle must the arrow be released to hit the bull ’ s - eye if its initial speed is 35. 0 m / s? in this part of the problem, explicitly show how you follow the steps involved in solving projectile motion problems. ( b ) there is a large tree halfway between the archer and the target w...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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a flat earth in projectile motion is significant here? 34. an arrow is shot from a height of 1. 5 m toward a cliff of height. it is shot with a velocity of 30 m / s at an angle of above the horizontal. it lands on the top edge of the cliff 4. 0 s later. ( a ) what is the height of the cliff? ( b ) what is the maximum h...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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6. 40 m from the net? 38. a football quarterback is moving straight backward at a speed of 2. 00 m / s when he throws a pass to a player 18. 0 m straight downfield. ( a ) if the ball is thrown at an angle of relative to the ground and is caught at the same height as it is released, what is its initial speed relative to...
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12. 0 m above the center of the 30. 0 cm diameter nest. the owl is flying east at 3. 50 m / s at an angle 30. 0º below the horizontal when it accidentally drops the mouse. is the owl lucky enough to have the mouse hit the nest? to answer this question, calculate the horizontal position of the mouse when it has fallen 1...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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neglected, the actual angle to achieve maximum range is smaller ; thus, will give a longer range than in the shot put. ) 46. a basketball player is running at directly toward the basket when he jumps into the air to dunk the ball. he maintains his horizontal velocity. ( a ) what vertical velocity does he need to rise
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0. 750 m above the floor? ( b ) how far from the basket ( measured in the horizontal direction ) must he start his jump to reach his maximum height at the same time as he reaches the basket? 47. a football player punts the ball at a angle. without an effect from the wind, the ball would travel 60. 0 m horizontally. ( a...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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height at which the ball is released. you should also consider whether it is possible to choose the initial speed for the ball and just calculate the angle at which it is thrown. also examine the possibility of multiple solutions given the distances and heights you have chosen.
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 5 addition of velocities 52. bryan allen pedaled a human - powered aircraft across the english channel from the cliffs of dover to cap gris - nez on june 12, 1979. ( a ) he flew for 169 min at an average velocity of 3. 53 m / s in a direction south of east. what was his total displacement? ( b ) allen encountered a ...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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speed of 2. 00 m / s when he throws a pass to a player 18. 0 m straight downfield. the ball is thrown at an angle of relative to the ground and is caught at the same height as it is released. what is the initial velocity of the ball relative to the quarterback? 57. a ship sets sail from rotterdam, the netherlands, head...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 57 have to travel in order to have a velocity straight north relative to the earth, assuming its speed relative to the water remains? ( b ) what would its speed be relative to the earth? 60. ( a ) another airplane is flying in a jet stream that is blowing at 45. 0 m / s in a direction south of east ( as in exercise ...
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straight line, with the milky way galaxy at the center. using the data from the figure, calculate the velocities : ( a ) relative to galaxy 2 and ( b ) relative to galaxy 5. the results mean that observers on all galaxies will see themselves at the center of the expanding universe, and they would likely be aware of rel...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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3. 59 to find the rate of expansion as a function of distance. ( b ) if you extrapolate back in time, how long ago would all of the galaxies have been at approximately the same position? the two parts of this problem give you some idea of how the hubble constant for universal expansion and the time back to the big bang...
openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu
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? ( b ) what is unreasonable about this velocity? ( c ) is there a problem with the relative velocity between the supplies and the astronauts when the supplies reach their maximum height? ( d ) is the premise unreasonable or is the available equation inapplicable? explain your answer. 69. unreasonable results a commerc...
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relative to the x - axis of the launcher. is this equation consistent with your answer from part a? explain why or why not. does this equation make sense? explain why or why not. ( c ) graph the magnitude of the velocity vs. vertical height for both launcher a and b. 146 3 • problems & exercises access for free at open...
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4. 8 extended topic : the four basic forces — an introduction motion draws our attention. motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to achieve spectacular motion, such as that of a dolphin jumping out of the water, or a pole vaulter, or the flight of a bird, or the orbit of a satellite. ...
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’ s use of the telescope was his most notable achievement in demonstrating the importance of observation. he discovered moons orbiting jupiter and made other observations that were inconsistent with certain ancient ideas and religious dogma. for this reason, and because of the manner in which he dealt with those in aut...
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to view content ( https : / / openstax. org / books / college - physics - 2e / pages / 4 - introduction - to - dynamics - newtons - laws - of - motion ) making connections : past and present philosophy the importance of observation and the concept of cause and effect were not always so entrenched in human thinking. thi...
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4. 1 development of force concept learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • understand the definition of force. dynamics is the study of the forces that cause objects and systems to move. to understand this, we need a working definition of force. our intuitive definition of force — that is...
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external forces ) are shown. ( these forces are the only ones shown, because only external forces acting on the body affect its motion. we can ignore any internal forces within the body. ) free - body diagrams are very useful in analyzing forces acting on a system and are employed extensively in the study and applicati...
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