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A variety of islet autoantibodies (AAbs) can predict and possibly dictate eventual type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis.,Upwards of 75% of those with T1D are positive for AAbs against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 or GAD), a producer of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in human pancreatic beta cells.,Interestingly, bacte... | The relationship between maternal gluten intake in pregnancy, offspring intake in childhood, and offspring risk of type 1 diabetes has not been examined jointly in any studies.,Our aim was to study the relationship between maternal and child intake of gluten and risk of type 1 diabetes in children.,We included 86,306 c... | 1 |
The causes of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have long remained elusive.,A new category of pathogenic components, normally dormant within human genomes, has been identified: human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs).,These represent ∼8% of the human genome, and environmental factors have reproducibly ... | We have investigated the role of human endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis by analyzing the DNA of patients and controls in 4 cohorts for associations between multiple sclerosis and polymorphisms near viral restriction genes or near endogenous retroviral loci with one or more intact or almost-intact genes.,We... | 1 |
B cells exert immunosuppressive effects and offer therapeutic potential for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanism remains unclear.,Here we analyzed the B cell regulation of Th17/Th22 cell differentiation in lupus and found that α-IgM- and α-CD40-activated B cells could inhibit Th17 and promote Th22 cell... | Although the aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear, dysregulated B cell responses have been implicated.,Here we show that an unusual CD11chiT-bet+ B cell subset, with a unique expression profile including chemokine receptors consistent with migration to target tissues, is expanded in SLE patients, ... | 1 |
Smoking has been connected to citrullination of antigens and formation of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Since smoking can modify proteins by carbamylation (formation of homocitrulline), this study was conducted to investigate these effects on vimentin in animal models and R... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypical autoimmune arthritis affecting nearly 1% of the world population and is a significant cause of worldwide disability.,Though prior studies have demonstrated the appearance of RA-related autoantibodies years before the onset of clinical RA, the pattern of immunologic events pre... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that carries an increased risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease.,The link between inflammation and atherosclerotic disease is clear; however, recent evidence suggests that inflammation may also play a role in the development of nonischemic heart... | T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a persistent increase in the number of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), neutropenia, and splenomegaly.,Clinical manifestations of T-LGLL in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are often identical to those in wh... | 1 |
In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather active participants in autoimmune aetiology.,This has been fuelled in part by the clinical success of B cell depletion therapies (BCDTs).,Originally conceived as a method of eliminating cancerous B cells, BCDTs such as those tar... | The BAFF system plays a key role in the development of autoimmunity, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,This often leads to the assumption that BAFF is mostly a B cell factor with a specific role in autoimmunity.,Focus on BAFF and autoimmunity, driven by pharmaceutical successes with the recent approval ... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is associated with demyelination and neuronal loss.,Over recent years, the immunological and neuronal effects of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been largely investigated, leading to the hypothesis that these compounds and the r... | The overlapping clinical features of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-antibody (Ab) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-Ab disease mean that detection of disease specific serum antibodies is the gold standard in diagnostics.,Howe... | 1 |
Myasthenia gravis (MG) may be refractory to traditional therapies.,Quality of life (QOL) and disease burden in patients with refractory and nonrefractory MG were compared using Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America MG Patient Registry data.,Adults aged 18 years or older with MG diagnosed ≥2 years before enrollment we... | To develop formal consensus-based guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG).,In October 2013, the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America appointed a Task Force to develop treatment guidance for MG, and a panel of 15 international experts was convened.,The RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology was used to d... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that represents one of the most frequent causes of irreversible disability in young adults.,Treatment options to halt disability are limited.,We discovered that T helper (Th)17 cells in contact with oligodendrocytes produce higher levels of glutamate... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by neuroinflammation, leading to demyelination and axonal degeneration.,Neuronal excitotoxity mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) results in neuronal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalitis... | 1 |
To evaluate the immune-specific response after full severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with different disease-modifying drugs by the detection of both serologic and T-cell responses.,Healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients with MS, ha... | Knowledge on immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and the impact of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) is limited.,To evaluate degree, duration and potential predictors of specific humoral immune response in pwMS with prior COVID-19.,Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing was performe... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system presenting with significant inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity.,However, the application of clinical and imaging biomarkers is currently not able to allow individual characterization and prediction.,Complementary, m... | Background: Oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represent a typical marker for inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and have a predictive and diagnostic value in patients with a first suspected demyelinating event.,The detection in tears remains controversial but some reports sugges... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex and not fully understood autoimmune disease associated with multijoint damage.,The main effector cells, the synovial fibroblasts, are apoptosis resistant and hyperplastic which indicate that autophagy level is high in synovial tissue.,Real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and wester... | The objective was to determine the safety of ocrelizumab (OCR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,This was an analysis of the double-blind, placebo-controlled periods and long-term follow-up of 4 OCR phase III trials in RA (SCRIPT, STAGE, FILM and FEATURE).,Safety data per study and the results of a meta-analy... | 1 |
Calprotectin may be a sensitive biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity.,In the current study, we investigated whether calprotectin is a better biomarker than CRP for predicting clinical activity and ultrasound parameters in patients with RA.,A total of 160 patients with RA underwent clinical (swollen j... | Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.,The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern and function of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The expression profile of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells fr... | 1 |
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare plasma C-peptide presence and levels in people without diabetes (CON) and with Type 1 diabetes and relate C-peptide status to clinical factors.,In a subset we evaluated 50 microRNAs (miRs) previously implicated in beta-cell death and associations with clinical status... | The studies on microbiome in the human digestive tract indicate that fungi could also be one of the external factors affecting development of diabetes.,The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative mycobiome composition in the colon of the adults with type 1 (T1D), n = 26 and type 2 (T2D) diabe... | 1 |
Despite recent improvements in the quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures are one of the major complications of SLE.,Furthermore, limited data are available on the incidence and predictor of osteoporotic fractures in Korean patients with SLE.,Herein... | Observational studies have indicated a high but heterogeneous prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures (VF) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Therefore, the objectives of this systematic review and meta-regression were: 1) to compare BMD between SLE patients and healthy co... | 1 |
Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by ocular and oral dryness resulting from lacrimal and salivary gland dysfunction.,Besides, a variety of systemic manifestations may occur, involving virtually any organ system.,As a result, the disease is characterized by pleomorphic clinical manifestati... | Immune-mediated inner ear disease can be primary, when the autoimmune response is against the inner ear, or secondary.,The latter is characterized by the involvement of the ear in the presence of systemic autoimmune conditions.,Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common audiovestibular symptom associated with system... | 1 |
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in regulating the abnormal activation of the immune cells resulting in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.,Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which governs the last step of glycolysis, is involved in multiple cellular processes and pathological conditions.,Ho... | Dysregulated neutrophil activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and granule proteases are implicated in damage to and destruction of host tissues in both conditions (car... | 1 |
Autoimmune arthritis is characterized by impaired regulatory T (Treg) cell migration into inflamed joint tissue and by dysregulation of the balance between Treg cells and Th17 cells.,Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to contribute to this dysregulation, but the molecular mechanisms behind impaired Treg cell migration remai... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS).,In the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, T regulatory (Treg) cell therapy has proved to be beneficial, but generation of stable CNS-targeting Tregs needs further development.,Here, we propose gene eng... | 1 |
IgG subclass 4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by increased serum levels of IgG4 and infiltration of biliary, pancreatic, and other tissues by IgG4-positive plasma cells.,We assessed the prevalence of allergy and/or atopy, serum, and tissue IgE antibodies, and blood and tissue eosinophils in patients with Ig... | IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory condition, characterised by an elevated serum IgG4 concentration and abundant IgG4-positive plasma cells in the involved organs.,An important question is whether the elevated IgG4 response is causal or a reflection of immune-regulatory mechanisms of the dis... | 1 |
Our understanding of immune recognition and response to infection and non-infectious forms of cell damage and death is rapidly increasing.,The major focus is on host immunity and microbiological invasion.,However, it is also clear that these same pathways are important in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmunity ... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune mediated inflammatory disease of unknown origin, which is predominantly affecting the joints.,Antibodies against citrullinated peptides are a rather specific immunological hallmark of this heterogeneous entity.,Furthermore, certain sequences of the third hypervariable regi... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder where both T cells and B cells are implicated in pathology.,However, it remains unclear how these two distinct populations cooperate to drive disease.,There is ample evidence from studies in both MS patients and mouse models that Th17, B cells, and follicular T helper (... | Increasing evidence implicates B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.,Smets et al. report that the CD40 multiple sclerosis risk allele lowers CD40 expression, whereas the CD86 risk allele increases CD86 expression.,B cells may have an important antigen presentation and immunoregulatory role in multiple scle... | 1 |
There are reports that stress-related disorders are increasing during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.,Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are at higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders, which result in worsening of their disability.,There are concerns about the mental health of MS patients durin... | •This study evaluates the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with MS, the rate of hospitalization or death in these patients.,•The rate of hospitalization was 25% which is far more than general population.,•Rituximab was associated with increase rate of COVID-19 infection but not with hospitalization rate.,•There was no... | 1 |
Genetic variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contributes substantial risk for systemic lupus erythematosus, but high gene density, extreme polymorphism and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD) have made fine mapping challenging.,To address the problem, we compared two association techniques in t... | DNA sequence variation within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes mediate susceptibility to a wide range of human diseases.,The complex genetic structure of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) makes it difficult, however, to collect genotyping data in large cohorts.,Long-range linkage disequilibrium between HLA ... | 1 |
Conventional pharmacological therapies for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) consist of non-biological, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, among which methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly prescribed.,However, there is a lack of consensus-based clinical and therapeutic recommendations for the u... | There is a worldwide variation in the prevalence and subtype distribution of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) which may be affected by ethnicity and genetic factors.,The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, subtype distribution and characteristic features of JIA among Omani children and to compare o... | 1 |
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing throughout the world.,Although the exact cause of the disease is not fully clear, perhaps, genetics, ethnic origin, obesity, age, and lifestyle are considered as few of many contributory factors for the disease pathogenesis.,In recent years, the disease progressi... | The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,677 children enrolled from birth who carry HLA-susceptibility genotypes for development of islet autoantibodies (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).,During the median follow-up time of 57 months, 350 children developed at least one... | 1 |
Although women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) face a number of challenges in negotiating the journey to parenthood, no studies have explored the information needs of women with RA in relation to their childbearing years.,This study aimed to determine the need for (and preferred mode/s of delivery of) information regard... | The eumusc.net project is a European Union (EU) commission and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)funded project that aims to facilitate equal standards for musculoskeletal health in all EU countries.,One work-package was to develop evidence-based and patient-centred standards of care (SOC), for rheumatoid arthr... | 1 |
There is strong evidence for an involvement of different classes of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in the regulation of β-cell activities and in diabetes development.,Circular RNAs were recently discovered to constitute a substantial fraction of the mammalian transcriptome but the contri... | Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently received wide attention as key molecules that mediate a variety of physiological and pathological processes by regulating gene expression; however, knowledge of lncRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is limited.,Thus, we investigated the lncRNA expression profile in fibroblast-... | 1 |
As treatment options in advanced systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited, there is an urgent need for new and effective therapeutic alternatives for selected cases with severe disease.,Bortezomib (BTZ) is a specific, reversible, inhibitor of the 20S subunit of the proteasome.,Herein, we report clinical experie... | To assess the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab, a type I interferon (IFN) receptor antagonist, in a phase IIb, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of adults with moderate‐to‐severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Patients (n = 305) were randomized to receive intravenous anifrolumab (300 mg or 1,000... | 1 |
Autoimmune disease has presented an insurmountable barrier to restoration of durable immune tolerance.,Previous studies indicate that chronic therapy with metabolic inhibitors can reduce autoimmune inflammation, but it remains unknown whether acute metabolic modulation enables permanent immune tolerance to be establish... | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in regulating the abnormal activation of the immune cells resulting in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.,Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which governs the last step of glycolysis, is involved in multiple cellular processes and pathological conditions.,Ho... | 1 |
Genome-wide association studies have identified loci underlying human diseases, but the causal nucleotide changes and mechanisms remain largely unknown.,Here we developed a fine-mapping algorithm to identify candidate causal variants for 21 autoimmune diseases from genotyping data.,We integrated these predictions with ... | Analysis of the ImmunoChip single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in 2816 individuals, comprising the most common subtypes (oligoarticular and RF negative polyarticular) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 13056 controls strengthens the evidence for association to three known JIA-risk loci (HLA, PTPN22 and P... | 1 |
Whether patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) are at higher risk to develop severe courses of COVID-19 has not been fully elucidated.,Aim of this analysis was to describe patients with RMD according to their COVID-19 severity and to identify risk factors for hospitalisation.,Patients w... | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including those treated with biologics, are at increased risk of some vaccine-preventable infections.,We evaluated the antibody response to standard 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and the 2011-2012 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in adults with RA re... | 1 |
Phase III clinical trials of the tumour necrosis factor inhibitors SB4, SB2, and SB5 (biosimilars to etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab, respectively) have demonstrated efficacy in moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Data from these trials were used to identify baseline characteristics associated with rad... | Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The safety and efficacy of ustekinumab, a human monoclonal anti-IL-12/23 p40 antibody, and guselkumab, a human monoclonal anti-IL-23 antibody, were evaluated in adults with active RA despite methotrexate (MTX) therapy.,... | 1 |
The POInT study, an investigator initiated, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre primary prevention trial is conducted to determine whether daily administration of oral insulin, from age 4.0 months to 7.0 months until age 36.0 months to children with elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes, reduc... | Diabetes (DM) as well as obesity, due to their increasing incidence, were recognized as epidemic by the World Health Organization.,Obesity is involved not only in the aetiopathogenesis of the most common worldwide type of DM-type 2 diabetes-but also in the development of its complications.,There is also increasing scie... | 1 |
It is suspected that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to disability and immunotherapy.,The relationship between MS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain.,The aim of the study was to collect and analyze... | The use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) could affect COVID-19 outcomes by modulating the immune response, which, in turn, might favor viral replication and/or confer protection from COVID-19 induced inflammatory response,We report on two MS patients treated with cladribine, with heterog... | 1 |
The aim of this multicentre, randomised, controlled crossover study was to determine the efficacy of adding continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to insulin pump therapy (CSII) in type 1 diabetes.,Children and adults (n = 153) on CSII with HbA1c 7.5-9.5% (58.5-80.3 mmol/mol) were randomised to (CGM) a Sensor On or Sensor... | To compare the effect of the prepubertal duration of diabetes on the occurrence of complications in two groups of patients after the same number of years of the disease.,This multicenter study enrolled 105 patients aged 16-40.3 years; 53 were prepubertal at diagnosis (aged 0-3) and 52 were pubertal (Tanner stage) and a... | 1 |
We previously reported that 2 years of costimulation modulation with abatacept slowed decline of β-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).,Subsequently, abatacept was discontinued and subjects were followed to determine whether there was persistence of effect.,Of 112 subjects (ages 6-36 years) with T1D, 77... | The progressive infiltration of pancreatic islets by lymphocytes is mandatory for development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes.,This inflammatory process is mediated by several mediators that are potential therapeutic targets to arrest development of type 1 diabetes.,In this study, we investigate the role of one of these ... | 1 |
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in several biological processes, such as cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration, and its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases.,Several evidences support its role especially in bone complications of rheumatic diseases.,In Rheumatoid ... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that affects the osteoarticular system, associated with bone fragility and increased risk of fractures.,Herein, we aimed to characterize the systemic impact of the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and explore its combination with femoral bone defect (FD).,The im... | 1 |
The devastating neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS) could substantially benefit from an adeno-associated virus (AAV) immunotherapy designed to restore a robust and durable antigen-specific tolerance.,However, developing a sufficiently potent and lasting immune-regulatory therapy that can intervene in ongo... | See Winger and Zamvil (doi: 10.1093/brain/aww121 ) for a scientific commentary on this article.,Current therapies have limited effect on the chronic CNS inflammation observed in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).,Mayo et al. show that CD3-specific antibody ameliorates disease in a mouse model of progressive MS.,The e... | 1 |
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with typical clinical manifestations of optic neuritis and acute transverse myelitis attacks.,Previously believed to be a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), it is now considered an independent disorder which needs t... | In 2008 the Austrian Task Force for Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) started a nation-wide network for information exchange and multi-centre collaboration.,Their aim was to detect all patients with NMO or NMO spectrum disorders (NMO-SD) in Austria and to analyse their disease courses and response to treatment.,(1) As of Marc... | 1 |
Mavrilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody, targets granulocyte-macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor α.,We undertook to determine the long‐term safety and efficacy of mavrilimumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients in 2 phase IIb studies (1071 and 1107) and in 1 open‐label extension study (ClinicalTrials.gov iden... | The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) biological drugs has dramatically improved the prognosis of these patients.,However, a third of the treated patients do not respond to this therapy.,Thus, the search for biomarkers of clinical response to these agents is cu... | 1 |
Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, which is a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans.,However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ill-defined.,Here, we showed that MSC transplantation reduce... | Previous work has suggested that the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-GM-CSF receptor α axis (GM-CSFRα) may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Therefore, we investigated the cellular expression of GM-CSFRα in RA synovial tissue and investigated the ... | 1 |
Machine learning (ML) applied to patient-reported (PROs) and clinical-assessed outcomes (CAOs) could favour a more predictive and personalized medicine.,Our aim was to confirm the important role of applying ML to PROs and CAOs of people with relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) form of multiple scler... | Lipid signaling has been suggested to be a major pathophysiological mechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS).,With the increasing knowledge about lipid signaling, acquired data become increasingly complex making bioinformatics necessary in lipid research.,We used unsupervised machine-learning to analyze lipid marker serum ... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic synovial joint inflammation.,Treatment has been revolutionised by tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFi) but each available drug shows a significant non-response rate.,We conducted a genome-wide association study of 1752 UK RA TNFi-treated patients to identi... | Increased expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2, encoded by the IL1RL1 gene, has been detected in the inflamed arteries of giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients.,The aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time the potential influence of the IL33 and IL1RL1 loci on GCA predisposition.,A total of 1,36... | 1 |
The COVID-19 pandemic presents two main concerns for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG); chronic immunosuppression may put them at greater risk, and some proposed treatments for COVID-19 could cause MG exacerbation.,We present three patients with generalized seropositive MG who developed COVID-19.,All patients had a ... | Background and objectives: Myasthenia gravis (MG) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) are autoimmune neuromuscular disorders that may present as neuromuscular emergencies requiring mechanical ventilation and critical care.,Comparative outcomes of these disease processes, once severe enough to require mechanical ventilati... | 1 |
During multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), symptoms, and outcomes are determined by the location of inflammatory lesions.,While we and others have shown that T cell cytokines differentially regulate leukocyte entry into perivascular spaces and regi... | Th1 lymphocytes preferentially infiltrate into the spinal cord during EAE via a VLA-4-mediated mechanism while Th17 lymphocyte infiltration is dependent on LFA-1 expression.,The integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) is used by encephalitogenic T cells to enter the central nervous system (CNS).,However, both Th1 and Th17 cells are capa... | 1 |
There is evidence for an impact of the gut microbiota on the immune system, which has consequences for inflammatory diseases.,Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) have been demonstrated as effective anti-inflammatory treatments for children with Crohn’s disease.,We have previously ... | The objective was to evaluate the 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) status of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and determine whether the 25(OH)D level is associated with disease activity and the course of JIA.,Patients ≤ 16 years of age with recently diagnosed JIA (< 12 months) were enrolled in the inception ... | 1 |
To validate strategies to prevent exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia via insulin‐dose adjustment in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on pump therapy.,A total of 20 patients randomly performed four 30‐min late post‐lunch (3 h after lunch) exercise sessions and a rest session: two moderate sessions [50% maximum oxyg... | To examine the acute and 24-h glycemic responses to reductions in postexercise rapid-acting insulin dose in type 1 diabetic patients.,After preliminary testing, 11 male patients (24 ± 2 years, HbA1c 7.7 ± 0.3%; 61 ± 3.4 mmol/mol) attended the laboratory on three mornings.,Patients consumed a standardized breakfast (1 g... | 1 |
New treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) focused on B cells have created an atmosphere of excitement in the MS community.,B cells are now known to play a major role in disease, demonstrated by the highly impactful effect of a B cell-depleting antibody on controlling MS.,The idea that a virus may play a role in the de... | The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist tocilizumab (TCZ) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its related mechanism.,Thirty RA patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy at moderate and severe active stages were selected and treated with TCZ 8 mg/kg... | 1 |
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase and proteinase-3, which bind monocytes in addition to neutrophils.,While a pathological effect on neutrophils is acknowledged, the impact of ANCA on monocyte function is less well understood.,Usi... | ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitis (AASV) is characterized by leukocytoclasis, accumulation of unscavenged apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils in perivascular tissues.,Dysregulation of neutrophil cell death may contribute directly to the pathogenesis of AASV.,Neutrophils from Healthy Blood Donors (HBD), patients with A... | 1 |
•RFE-SVMs predict future outcome of CIS patients with conservative accuracy estimates between 64.9% and 88.1%.,•Recursive feature selection improves classification performance compared to using all information.,•Relevant features include regional WM lesion load and GM density, as well as the type of CIS onset.,•Cross-v... | Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment decision-making.,Standardized descriptions published in 1996 based on a survey of international MS experts provided purely clinical phe... | 1 |
Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, is commonly used as an oral antidiabetic agent and is considered a multi-vector application agent in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases.,Recent studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of metformin on immune cells, with special emphasis on immunological mech... | ▶ The classical MOG35-55-EAE is complemented by novel cortical and toxic MS models.,▶ Putative autoantigens of EAE/MS include myelin and axonal glycoproteins and lipids.,▶ MS risk genes involve DRB1*1501 and more than 10 novel candidate genes.,▶ Treg and Th17 cells deserve close attention in EAE/MS pathogenesis.,▶ Oral... | 1 |
Insulin-dependent or type 1 diabetes is a prototypic autoimmune disease whose incidence steadily increased over the past decades in industrialized countries.,Recent evidence suggests the importance of the gut microbiota to explain this trend.,Here, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that spontaneously develop autoimmune typ... | A recent study using a rat model found significant differences at the time of diabetes onset in the bacterial communities responsible for type 1 diabetes modulation.,We hypothesized that type 1 diabetes in humans could also be linked to a specific gut microbiota.,Our aim was to quantify and evaluate the difference in t... | 1 |
The immune system is highly diverse, but characterization of its genetic architecture has lagged behind the vast progress made by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of emergent diseases.,Our GWAS for 54 functionally relevant phenotypes of the adaptive immune system in 489 healthy individuals identifies eight genom... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled joint inflammation and destruction of bone and cartilage.,We previously reported that C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10; also called IP-10) has important roles in joint inflammation and bone destruction in arthritis.,However, the spe... | 1 |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, especially in young people.,Due to a wide range of clinical outcomes and difficulty in predicting response to immunosuppression, we need to understand why and identify which patients with IgAN will develop progressive renal ... | We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis, with discovery and follow-up in 20,612 individuals of European and East Asian ancestry.,We identified six novel genome-wide significant associations, four in ITGAM-ITGAX, VAV3 and CARD9 and two new... | 1 |
To expand the knowledge about the immunological consequences of cladribine (CLAD), a pulsed immune reconstitution therapy approved for active multiple sclerosis (MS), beyond the known short‐term effects on peripheral immune cell subsets.,In this study, we characterized depletion and restitution kinetics as well as cyto... | Natalizumab is an effective monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and interferes with immune cell migration into the central nervous system by blocking the α4 subunit of very-late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4).,Although well tolerated and very effective, some pat... | 1 |
Tofacitinib and baricitinib are the first orally available, small-molecule inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) enzymes to be approved for the treatment of RA.,Tofacitinib is a selective JAK1, 3 inhibitor with less activity against JAK2 and TYK2 and baricitinib is a selective, oral JAK1, 2 inhibitor with moderate activity ... | In this study, we examined the effect of oxidative stress on cellular energy metabolism and pro-angiogenic/pro-inflammatory mechanisms of primary rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cells (RASFC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).,Primary RASFC and HUVEC were cultured with the oxidative stress ind... | 1 |
Iron may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its accumulation in the human brain with age.,Our study focused on nonheme iron distribution and the expression of the iron-related proteins ferritin, hephaestin, and ceruloplasmin in relation to oxidative damage in the brain tiss... | Multiple sclerosis (OMIM 126200) is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability.1 Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic f... | 1 |
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders.,Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS, n=60) and healthy controls (n=43).,Microbiome alterations in MS include increases in Methanobr... | Development of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) depends on Th17 cells expressing the nuclear factor NR4A2.,However, in mice lacking NR4A2 in T cells, a late-onset disease is still inducible, despite a great reduction in acute inflammation.,We here reveal that development of this late onset disease ... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination as well as axonal and neuronal degeneration.,So far effective therapies to reverse the disease are still lacking; most therapeutic drugs can only ameliorate the symptoms or reduce t... | Microglia are resident antigen-presenting cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that either suppress or promote disease depending on their activation phenotype and the microenvironment.,Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing demyelination and nerve loss in the CNS, and experimental autoim... | 1 |
Physical activity plays an important role in the treatment of persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is the non-pharmacological intervention with the strongest evidence to reduce fatigue.,However, physical activity can be challenging for persons who are fatigued.,The aim of this study was to investigate factors of ... | While rheumatologists often focus on treatment targets, for many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), control over pain and fatigue, as well as sustaining physical function and quality of life (QoL), is of primary importance.,This literature review aimed at examining patients’ and physicians’ treatment aspirations,... | 1 |
Failure of remyelination of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions contributes to neurodegeneration that correlates with chronic disability in patients.,Currently, there are no available treatments to reduce neurodegeneration, but one therapeutic approach to fill this unmet need is to promote remyelination.,As many demyelinat... | Angiogenesis is a common finding in chronic inflammatory diseases; however, its role in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unclear.,Central nervous system lesions from both MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, contain T cells, macrophages and activated glia, which can produce pro-angi... | 1 |
Recently cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and thrombosis following the adenoviral vector vaccine against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported.,A mechanism similar to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was proposed with antibodies to platelet fact... | Massive vaccination against COVID-19 has become a global priority.,Simultaneously, concerns regarding the safety of vaccines are growing.,We describe two patients who developed sensory Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) shortly after the first dose of the ChAdOx1 vaccine.,We also summarize 12 published cases of GBS after Ch... | 1 |
Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which is due to the production of pathogenic autoantibodies targeting desmoglein (DSG) 1 and 3, which are adhesion proteins of the keratinocytes.,Rituximab is an anti-CD20 mAb which induces a prolonged depletion of blood B cells.,We recently ... | Because of the morbidity and limited therapeutic options of autoimmune diseases, there is a high, and thus far, unmet medical need for development of novel treatments.,Pemphigoid diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), are prototypical autoimmune diseases that are caused by autoantibodies targeting str... | 1 |
A variety of mechanisms have been suggested as the means by which infections can initiate and/or exacerbate autoimmune diseases.,One mechanism is molecular mimicry, where a foreign antigen shares sequence or structural similarities with self-antigens.,Molecular mimicry has typically been characterized on an antibody or... | Several genetic and environmental factors have been linked to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).,One environmental trigger that has a strong association with SLE is the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV).,Our laboratory previously demonstrated that BALB/c mice expressing the complete EBNA-1 protein can develop antibodies to dou... | 1 |
This 24‐week, phase IIb, double‐blind study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab (a monoclonal antibody to granulocyte-macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor α) and golimumab (a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor [anti‐TNF]) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who h... | Reaching the therapeutic target of remission or low-disease activity has improved outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly.,The treat-to-target recommendations, formulated in 2010, have provided a basis for implementation of a strategic approach towards this therapeutic goal in routine clinical... | 1 |
The achievement of glycaemic control remains challenging for patients with type 1 diabetes.,We assessed the effectiveness of day-and-night hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy in people with suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes aged 6 years and older.,In this open-label, mu... | To evaluate the efficacy and safety of artificial pancreas treatment in non-pregnant outpatients with type 1 diabetes.,Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.,Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and grey literature up to 2 February 2018.,Randomised controlled trials in non-pregnant outpatien... | 1 |
As a consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large amount of consultations will be delivered through tele-medicine, especially for diseases causing chronic disability and requiring immunomodulatory treatments, such as multiple sclerosis (MS).,We have hereby reviewed available tools for tele-n... | The impetus for this consensus discussion was to recommend clinical trial designs that can deliver high-quality data for effective therapies for pediatric patients, in a reasonable timeframe, with a key focus on short- and long-term safety.,The International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group convened a meeting o... | 1 |
Posttranslational modification (PTM) of self-proteins has been shown to elicit clinically relevant immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease.,Accumulating evidence suggests that recognition of modified self-proteins may also be important in type 1 diabetes.,Our objective was to identify posttranslatio... | Studies in type 1 diabetes indicate potential disease heterogeneity, notably in the rate of β-cell loss, responsiveness to immunotherapies, and, in limited studies, islet pathology.,We sought evidence for different immunological phenotypes using two approaches.,First, we defined blood autoimmune response phenotypes by ... | 1 |
Some patients with severe COVID-19 develop prothrombotic autoantibodies that are similar to antiphospholipid antibodies found in autoimmune diseases.,Patients with severe COVID-19 are at high risk for occlusion of blood vessels of all sizes.,This prothrombotic phenotype is reminiscent of patients with lupus and antipho... | Beta-2-Glycoprotein I (β2GPI) plays a number of essential roles throughout the body. β2GPI, C-reactive protein and thrombomodulin are the only three proteins that possess the dual capability to up and down regulate the complement and coagulation systems depending upon external stimulus.,Clinically, β2GPI is the primary... | 1 |
Dysregulated functions of B1 cells have been implicated in the disease progression of various autoimmune disorders, but it remains largely unclear whether B1 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis.,In this study, we found that peritoneal B1a cells underwent proliferation and migrated to the infl... | A key phenomenon in rheumatoid arthritis is the formation of lymphoid follicles in the inflamed synovial membrane.,C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) is central in this process as it attracts C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)-expressing B cells and T follicular helper cells to the follicle.,We here examine the rol... | 1 |
Epigenetics defines the persistent modifications of gene expression in a manner that does not involve the corresponding alterations in DNA sequences.,It includes modifications of DNA nucleotides, nucleosomal remodeling, and post-translational modifications (PTMs).,It is becoming evident that PTMs which act singly or in... | Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, associated with demyelination and neurodegeneration.,The mechanisms of tissue injury are poorly understood, but recent data suggest that mitochondrial injury may play an important role in this process.,Mitochondrial injury can be trigge... | 1 |
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing more rapidly than can be explained by genetic drift.,Viruses may play an important role in the disease, as they seem to activate the 2′-5′-linked oligoadenylate (2′-5′A) pathway of the innate antiviral immune system.,Our aim was to investigate this possibility.,Innate anti... | The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor widely expressed in immune cells.,Its ligands range from xenobiotics and natural substances to metabolites, which renders it capable of sensing and responding to a variety of environmental cues.,Although AHR signaling has long been recogni... | 1 |
A 32-year-old woman with highly active MS was infected with SARS-CoV-2 while on treatment with rituximab.,She recovered and was symptom-free for 21 days before receiving rituximab and IVIg for comorbid hypogammaglobulinemia.,Three days after the infusion she redeveloped respiratory symptoms and required admission.,Thre... | To report outcomes on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness.,From March 16 to April 30, 2020, patients with MS or related disorders at NYU Langone MS Comprehensive Care Center were identified with laboratory-confirmed or suspected COVID-19.,The diag... | 1 |
Fu et al. analyze Bcl6fl/flFoxp3Cre/Cre mice and show that Tfr deficiency enhances immunity to influenza virus but promotes autoimmunity, which sheds new light on the understanding and treatment of autoimmune diseases.,T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a new subset of regulatory T (T reg) cells localized in the g... | Programmed death cell 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitor of T cell activation and is also functionally linked to glycolysis.,We hypothesized that PD-1 expression is defective in activated T cells from children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), resulting in abnormal T cell glucose metabolism.,In this pilot study, we enrolled children w... | 1 |
Type I interferon (IFN) plays a central role in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has been associated with a pathogenic role in lupus nephritis (LN).,Thus we investigated whether TWEAK could induce the activation of type I IFN pathway in LN.... | Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis, even after accounting for traditional risk factors.,High levels of leptin and low levels of adiponectin are associated with both atherosclerosis and immunomodulatory functions in the general population.,To examine the association... | 1 |
To review currently available data on the transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the breastmilk of women receiving treatment for neurologic and non-neurologic diseases.,We systematically searched the medical literature for studies referring to 19 selected mAb therapies frequently used in neurologic conditions and ... | Reduced MS disease activity with alemtuzumab versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (SC IFNB-1a) in core phase 2/3 studies was accompanied by increased incidence of infections that were mainly nonserious and responsive to treatment.,Alemtuzumab efficacy was durable over 6 years.,To evaluate infections over 6 years in a... | 1 |
To characterize long-term repopulation of peripheral immune cells following alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), with a focus on regulatory cell types, and to explore associations with clinical outcome measures.,The project was designed as a multicenter add-on longitudinal mechanistic study... | Alemtuzumab is approved for the treatment of active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).,Alemtuzumab-related secondary autoimmune disorders (sAID) are common, with thyroid sAID being the most frequent, and fundamentally affect the risk-benefit ratio.,Therefore, biomarkers indicating the development of sAID ar... | 1 |
Abatacept, an inhibitor of CD28 mediated T-cell activation, has been shown to be effective in controlling inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,However, its effects on immune regulatory B and T cells (Bregs and Tregs) has not been fully explored.,Thirty-one RA patients treated with abatacept for ≥ 6 months alo... | Using the Immunochip custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, designed for dense genotyping of 186 genome wide association study (GWAS) confirmed loci we analysed 11,475 rheumatoid arthritis cases of European ancestry and 15,870 controls for 129,464 markers.,The data were combined in meta-analysis with GWAS d... | 1 |
To report the understanding and decision-making of neuroimmunologists and their treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak.,A survey instrument was designed and distributed online to neurologists in April 2020.,There were 250 respondents (response ra... | Interferon-beta (IFNβ) regulates the expression of a complex set of pro- as well as anti-inflammatory genes.,In cohorts of MS patients unstratified for therapeutic response to IFNβ, normal vaccine-specific immune responses have been observed.,Data capturing antigen-specific immune responses in cohorts of subjects defin... | 1 |
The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of belimumab, a new biological treatment specifically developed for the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), in the Italian setting.,SLE is a chronic non-organ specific autoimmune disease characterized by a disregulation of the immune system... | BLyS and APRIL are closely related members of the TNF ligand superfamily.,These cytokines individually may contribute importantly to the development and maintenance of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Dillon and colleagues demonstrate that in contrast to most members of the TNF ligand superfamily, which form only ho... | 1 |
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe and chronic liver disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years.,Research into the pathogenesis of AIH remains limited largely owing to the lack of suitable mouse models.,The concanavalin A (ConA) mouse model is a typical and well-established model used to inv... | Follicular helper T (TFH) cell provides germinal centre (GC) B cell with critical signals for autoantibody production in the immunopathogenesis and progression of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).,However, the immunoregulatory functions of follicular regulatory T (TFR) cell in AIH are still unclear.,The numbers of circulatin... | 1 |
B lymphocytes are the source of humoral immunity and are thus a critical component of the adaptive immune system.,However, B cells can also be pathogenic and the origin of disease.,Deregulated B-cell function has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthriti... | B cells are believed to be central to the disease process in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), making them a target for new therapeutic intervention.,In recent years there have been many publications regarding the experience in SLE of B-cell depletion utilising rituximab, an anti-CD20 mAb that temporarily depletes B ... | 1 |
Antibodies to cell surface central nervous system proteins help to diagnose conditions which often respond to immunotherapies.,The assessment of antibody assays needs to reflect their clinical utility.,We report the results of a multicentre study of aquaporin (AQP) 4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) assays in neuromyelitis optica sp... | Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS with severe involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord.,Highly specific serum IgG autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) that react with aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most abundant CNS water channel protein, are found in patients with NMO.,However, in vivo ... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and subsequent proliferation of synovial tissues, which eventually leads to cartilage and bone destruction without effective treatments.,Anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are two m... | Autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are major risk factors for articular bone destruction from the earliest phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The aim of the current study was to determine whether RA-associated autoantibodies also impact on systemic bone loss in patients with early dis... | 1 |
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) enables users to view real-time interstitial glucose readings and provides information on the direction and rate of change of blood glucose levels.,Users can also access historical data to inform treatment decisions.,While the clinical and psychological benefits of CGM are well estab... | Gait speed is a powerful clinical marker for mobility impairment in patients suffering from neurological disorders.,However, assessment of gait speed in coordination with delivery of comprehensive care is usually constrained to clinical environments and is often limited due to mounting demands on the availability of tr... | 1 |
In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) begins with a relapsing-remitting course followed by insidious disability worsening that is independent from clinically apparent relapses and is termed secondary progressive MS (SMPS).,Major differences exist between relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and SPMS, especially regarding the... | We have previously demonstrated that induction of pathogenic eomesodermin-positive CD4+ T cells (Eomes+ T helper [Th] cells) is associated with transition from an acute stage to a later stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).,In the late phase of EAE, B cells and non-B cell antigen-presenting cells (A... | 1 |
This study sought to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional effects of a combination of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (tDMARD; methotrexate, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine) in synovial tissues obtained from early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.,While combination DMARD strategies have been invest... | Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are a major cell population of the pannus that invades adjacent cartilage and bone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The study was undertaken to determine the effect of interleukin-17 (IL-17) on the survival and/or proliferation of FLSs from RA patients and to investigate whether signal ... | 1 |
EBV establishes a lifelong and asymptomatic infection in most individuals and more rarely causes infectious mononucleosis and malignancies, like lymphomas.,The virus is also strongly associated with MS, a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with unknown etiology.,Infectious mononucleosis increases the risk of developing ... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory condition of the central nervous system (CNS).,It is a major cause of neurological disability in young adults, particularly women.,What triggers the destruction of myelin sheaths covering nerve fibres is unknown.,Both genetic and infectious agents have been implica... | 1 |
Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), with a major impact on patients’ quality of life.,Currently, treatment proceeds by trial and error with limited success, probably due to the presence of multiple different underlying mechanisms.,Recent neuroscientific advances offer the potential to... | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) require medications controlling severity of the pathology and depression, affecting more than half of the patients.,In this study, the effect of antidepressant drug fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was investigated in vitro and in vivo.,Nanomolar concentrations of fluvoxami... | 1 |
The glycoprotein YKL-40 is a new marker of early inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.,Adiponectin is a collagen-like protein with anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects.,Increased concentrations of both markers have been reported in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).,To assess the possible role of YKL-40... | Knowledge on mortality in autoimmune diabetes with adult onset is limited.,We compared mortality in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes and type 2 diabetes, taking into account metabolic risk factors, HbA1c, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.,Participants of the population-based HUNT2 Study (second survey of the Norwegi... | 1 |
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a known risk factor for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), yet clinical trials have not demonstrated efficacy and few studies have utilized lupus models to understand the mechanism underlying this relationship.,The Act1-/- mouse is a spontaneous model of lupus and Sjögren’s syndrome... | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease leading to immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in the need for insulin therapy.,The incidence of T1D is increasing worldwide, thus prompting researchers to investigate novel immunomodulatory strategies to halt autoimmunity and modify dise... | 1 |
Emerging data suggest that type 1 diabetes is a more aggressive disease in children than in adults, with important differences in pathophysiology and clinical course.,Therefore, the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies may be different in the two populations.,Understanding the developmental and regulatory pathways f... | Autoimmune diseases are common and debilitating, but their severe manifestations could be reduced if biomarkers were available to allow individual tailoring of the potentially toxic immunosuppressive therapy required for their control.,Gene expression-based biomarkers facilitating individual tailoring of chemotherapy i... | 1 |
Despite important advances in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) over recent years, the introduction of several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), the burden of progressive disability and premature mortality associated with the condition remains substantial.,This burden, together with the high healthcare and soc... | Fingolimod (Gilenya®) is an oral medication for patients with highly active relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).,Clinical trials and post-marketing experience on more than 114,000 patients have established a detailed safety profile.,Total patient exposure now exceeds 195,000 patient-years as stated in the las... | 1 |
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of certain solid cancers, in particular lung cancer, compared to the general population.,Treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFi) may further enhance this risk.,To compare the risk of solid cancer in patients with RA treated with TNFi t... | To assess the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) plus methotrexate/placebo (MTX/PBO) over 2 years and the course of disease activity in patients who discontinued TCZ due to sustained remission.,ACT-RAY was a double-blind 3-year trial.,Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite MTX were randomised to add TC... | 1 |
Lupus nephritis (LN) frequently progresses to end-stage renal disease.,Finding a biomarker for LN and a predictor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Ninety patients with SLE were divided into biopsy-proven LN (n = 54) and no kidney invo... | Neuropsychiatric manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is one of the most serious complications of the disease.,Previous studies revealed the strong association between serum anti-Sm and organic brain syndrome, consisting mainly of acute confusional state (ACS) of diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological ... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies and the formation of immune complexes.,In these responses, the selecting self-antigens likely derive from the remains of dead and dying cells, as well as from disturbances in clearance.,During cell death/ac... | Signals controlling the generation of regulatory B (Breg) cells remain ill-defined.,Here we report an “auto”-regulatory feedback mechanism between plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and Breg cells.,In healthy individuals, pDCs drive the differentiation of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi (immature) B cells into IL-10-producing CD24+... | 1 |
Namilumab (AMG203), an immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was evaluated in a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a... | Mavrilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody, targets granulocyte-macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor α.,We undertook to determine the long‐term safety and efficacy of mavrilimumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients in 2 phase IIb studies (1071 and 1107) and in 1 open‐label extension study (ClinicalTrials.gov iden... | 1 |
•Coronoviruses not only affect the respiratory system, but also have deleterious effects on the central nervous system.,•Most neurological diseases could be caused by coronoviruses invasion.,•Coronoviruses cause nerve damage via diverse pathways.,Coronoviruses not only affect the respiratory system, but also have delet... | Dysregulation of the complement system is evident in many CNS diseases but mechanisms regulating complement activation in the CNS remain unclear.,In a recent large rat genome-wide expression profiling and linkage analysis we found co-regulation of complement C3 immediately downstream of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), a... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic condition over the world.,RA is potentially disabling because chronic inflammation of the joints leads to joint destruction.,To date, the best predictor of radiographic progression for patients with early RA is the presence of radiographic eros... | Proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which regulate mutual interactions between immune system cells and bone tissue cells, play a major role in the formation of bone changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The aim of the work was to assess serum concentration of osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL, Dkk-1 and sclerostin... | 1 |
To define the cell populations that drive joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry, bulk RNA-seq and flow cytometry to T cells, B cells, monocytes and fibroblasts from 51 samples of synovial tissue from patients with RA or osteoarthritis.,Utilizi... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that leads to destructive arthritis.,Although the HLA class II locus is the strongest genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, the relationship between HLA class II alleles and lymphocyte activation remains unclear.,We performed immunophenotypi... | 1 |
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