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Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism results from chronic inflammation and is known to exacerbate progression of neurodegenerative disease.,To gain insights into the links between inflammation, the KP and multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, we investigated the KP metabolomics profile of ... | Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment decision-making.,Standardized descriptions published in 1996 based on a survey of international MS experts provided purely clinical phe... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of multiple joints, with disruption of joint cartilage.,The proliferation of synovial fibroblasts in response to multiple inflammation factors is central to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.,Our previous studies showed t... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction and disability.,Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1beta (PGC-1β) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays important roles in regulating multiple aspects of energy metabolism and cytokine signaling path... | 1 |
On the basis of extensive studies in Joslin Clinic patients over 25 years, we propose a new model of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.,In this model, the predominant clinical feature of both early and late stages of diabetic nephropathy is progressive renal decline, not albuminuria.,Progressive renal decline (es... | This multicenter study examined the impact of albumin excretion rate (AER) on the course of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the incidence of sustained eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in type 1 diabetes up to year 14 of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study (mean duration of 1... | 1 |
Disease activity, severity and comorbidity contribute to increased mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,We evaluated the impact of age at disease onset on prognostic risk factors and treatment in patients with early disease.,In this study, 950 RA patients were followed regularly from the time of inclus... | The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in a large cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine care, and to monitor changes in daily practice since the introduction of RTX therapy.,This was a multicentre, prospective, non-interventional study conducted under routine ... | 1 |
‘No evidence of disease activity’ (NEDA), defined as absence of magnetic resonance imaging activity (T2 and/or gadolinium-enhanced T1 lesions), relapses and disability progression (‘NEDA-3’), is used as a comprehensive measure of treatment response in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), but is weighted towards inflamma... | Understanding long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a key goal of research; it is relevant to how we monitor and treat the disease.,The Magnetic Imaging in MS (MAGNIMS) collaborative group sought to determine the relationship of brain lesion load, and brain and spinal cord atrophy, with physical disability... | 1 |
Detection of neuronal surface antibodies (NSAb) is important for the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE).,Although most clinical laboratories use a commercial diagnostic kit (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany) based on indirect immunofluorescence on transfected cells (IIFA), clinical experience suggests diagnostic limit... | Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is accepted as an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS).,NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a potent innate inflammatory mediator, can activate IL-1β and induce the migration of T helper cell into CNS.,However, the possibl... | 1 |
A novel member of human RNA coronavirus, which is an enveloped betacoronavirus, has been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS COV-2).,The illness caused by SARS COV-2 is referred to as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).,It is a highly contagious disease that has resulted in a global pandem... | Presented herein is a severe case of SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), showing only slight improvement despite adequate therapy.,To date, only few cases of GBS associated with this infection have been described.,This case report summarizes the insights gain so far to GBS with this antecedent trigger.... | 1 |
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) has led to a rapid increase in mortality worldwide.,Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was a high-risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying RA and CVOID-19 are not well understood.,The objectives... | To investigate outcomes of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared to the general population.,Additionally, outcomes were explored among RA patients stratified by sex, race, and medications use through sub-cohort analyses.,This comparative cohort study used a US multic... | 1 |
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are liver-specific autoimmune conditions that are characterized by chronic hepatic damage and often lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure.,Specifically, the protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) gene encodes the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, ... | Previous genome-wide association studies have evaluated the impact of common genetic variants and identified several non-HLA risk loci associated with autoimmune liver diseases.,More recent genome-wide association studies and replication analyses reported an association between variants of the CARD10 polymorphism rs600... | 1 |
In multiple sclerosis (MS), diffuse degenerative processes in the deep grey matter have been associated with clinical disabilities.,We performed a systematic study in MS deep grey matter with a focus on the incidence and topographical distribution of lesions in relation to white matter and cortex in a total sample of 7... | Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment decision-making.,Standardized descriptions published in 1996 based on a survey of international MS experts provided purely clinical phe... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease.,Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common and a major cause of mortality.,Studies on cardiovascular morbidity are abundant, whereas mortality studies focusing on cardiovascular outcomes are scarce.,The aim of this study was to investigate causes of death ... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have a striking increase in cardiovascular (CV) comorbidity not fully explained by the Framingham risk score.,Recent evidence from in vitro studies suggests that type I interferons (IFN) could promote premature CV disease (CVD) in SLE.,We assessed the association of type I IF... | 1 |
To assess the comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis in sufficiently similar patient populations, based on the current definitions of key outcomes.,Systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data.,Clinical study reports a... | Investigate whether the efficacy and safety of intravenous tocilizumab (TCZ) demonstrated at week 52 in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are maintained to week 104.,Methotrexate (MTX)-naive patients with early progressive RA were randomly assigned to double-blind 4 mg/kg TCZ+MTX, 8 mg/kg TCZ+MTX, 8 mg/kg T... | 1 |
We studied damage accrual and factors determining development and progression of damage in an international cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.,The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Cohort recruited patients within 15 months of developing four or more 1997 American ... | Objectives.,To examine SLEDAI-2000 cut-off scores for definition of active SLE and to determine the sensitivity to change of SLEDAI-2000 for the assessment of SLE disease activity and minimal clinically meaningful changes in score.,Methods.,Data from two multi-centre studies were used in the analysis: in a cross-sectio... | 1 |
To evaluate the efficacy, safety and dose response of a novel oral Janus kinase inhibitor, peficitinib (ASP015K), as monotherapy in Japanese patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,In a 12-week, double-blind study, 281 adult patients with RA with active disease not on concomitant disease-modifying a... | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for herpes zoster (HZ) (i.e., shingles).,The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with tofacitinib increases the risk of HZ in patients with RA.,HZ cases were identified as those reported by trial investigators from the databases of the phase... | 1 |
The underlying mechanism of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood.,Our study investigates the involvement of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS), originating in the pontine brainstem, in MS patients with symptoms of fatigue.,Female relapsing-remitting MS patients (n = 17) and control... | Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a sensitive technique for detecting white matter (WM) MS lesions, but the relation with clinical disability is low.,Because of this, changes in both ‘normal appearing white matter’ (NAWM) and ‘diffusely abnormal white matter’ (DAWM) have been of interest in recent years.,MR t... | 1 |
Initially used as antimalarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and, to a lesser extent, chloroquine (CQ) are currently being used to treat several diseases.,Due to its cost‐effectiveness, safety and efficacy, HCQ is especially used in rheumatic autoimmune disorders (RADs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus, primary ... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation.,The presence of autoantibodies in the sera of RA patients has provided many clues to the underlying disease pathophysiology.,Based on the presence of several autoantibodies like rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein ant... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of diverse manifestations, with onset usually in young women in the third to fourth decade of life.,The chronic nature of this relapsing remitting disease leads to organ damage accrual over time.,Mortality and morbidity are increased in patients with SLE compa... | To evaluate the performance of individual biomarkers and a multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) score in the early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient population from the computer assisted management in early rheumatoid arthritis (CAMERA) study.,Twenty biomarkers were measured in the CAMERA cohort, in which patients w... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system presenting with significant inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity.,However, the application of clinical and imaging biomarkers is currently not able to allow individual characterization and prediction.,Complementary, m... | To examine the effects of disease activity, disability, and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on serum neurofilament light (NFL) and the correlation between NFL concentrations in serum and CSF in multiple sclerosis (MS).,NFL concentrations were measured in paired serum and CSF samples (n = 521) from 373 participants: ... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by the interplay of genetic, particularly the HLA-DR15 haplotype, and environmental risk factors.,How these etiologic factors contribute to generating an autoreactive CD4+ T cell repertoire is not clear.,Here, we demonstrate that self-reactivity, defined as “au... | It has long been known that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an increased Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seroprevalence and high immune reactivity to EBV and that infectious mononucleosis increases MS risk.,This evidence led to postulate that EBV infection plays a role in MS etiopathogenesis, although the mechanism... | 1 |
A small proportion of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are accompanied by type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP); however their clinical courses and image characteristics have not been fully reported.,A 65-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the examination of a pancreatic head cyst that had s... | Differentially diagnosing focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis (f-AIP) and pancreatic cancer (PC) is challenging.,Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CEH-EUS) may provide information for differentiating pancreatic masses.,In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of CEH-EUS in differentiating f-AIP from PC... | 1 |
To determine the real-world use of rituximab in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and to correlate rituximab treatment with the long-term outcome.,Patients with NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-AE, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1)- AE, contactin-associated protein-like-2 (CASPR2)-AE, or glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) d... | Thirty to fifty percent of patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody (Ab)-negative myasthenia gravis (MG) have Abs to muscle specific kinase (MuSK) and are referred to as having MuSK-MG.,MuSK is a 100 kD single-pass post-synaptic transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase crucial to the development and maintenan... | 1 |
Exposure to respirable crystalline silica is suggested to increase the risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.,We examined the association between respirable crystalline silica exposure and systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and small vessel vasculitis.,In a cohort study of the total ... | Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like DNA decorated with antimicrobial proteins, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), which are extruded from activated neutrophils.,Although NETs are essential in innate immunity, an excessive formation of NETs has adverse effects, e.g., induction of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic a... | 1 |
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus is high titers of circulating autoantibodies.,Recently, a novel CD11c+ B-cell subset has been identified that is critical for the development of autoimmunity.,However, the role of CD11c+ B cells in the development of lupus is unclear.,Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) ... | Jackson et al. propose a role for B cell-intrinsic IFN-γ receptor signaling in spontaneous germinal center activation and autoantibody production.,Dysregulated germinal center (GC) responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Although both type... | 1 |
To understand preferences for and estimate the likely uptake of preventive treatments currently being evaluated in randomized controlled trials with individuals at increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Focus groups were used to identify key attributes of potential preventive treatment for RA (reductio... | MRI-detected subclinical joint inflammation in the hand joints of patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA) predicts progression to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,It is unknown if adding MRI of the foot increases predictive accuracy compared to the hand alone.,1.5-T contrast-enhanced MRI of the unilateral foot (MTP-1-5... | 1 |
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) suffer frequent infections that account for significant morbidity and mortality.,T cell cytotoxic responses are decreased in patients with SLE, yet the responsible molecular events are largely unknown.,We find an expanded CD8CD38high T cell subset in a sub-group of patie... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and incurable autoimmune disease involving the dysfunction of lymphocytes.,Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure, with abnormal expression in various human diseases may participate in the pathogenesis, while further s... | 1 |
The causality and pathogenic mechanism of microbiome composition remain elusive in many diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,This study aimed to elucidate gut microbiome’s role in RA pathology by a comprehensive metagenome-wide association study (MWAS).,We conducted MWAS of the RA ... | Short-chain fatty acids are microbial metabolites that have been shown to be key regulators of the gut-joint axis in animal models.,In humans, microbial dysbiosis was observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients as well as in those at-risk to develop RA, and is thought to be an environmental trigger for the developme... | 1 |
Human pancreatic beta cells may be complicit in their own demise in type 1 diabetes, but how this occurs remains unclear.,One potentially contributing factor is hyperexpression of HLA class I antigens.,This was first described approximately 30 years ago, but has never been fully characterised and was recently challenge... | The studies on the risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) alone are limited.,We examined this relationship using a population-based retrospective cohort study.,From claims data of the National Health Insurance system of Taiwan, we identified 5195 patients with T1DM newly diagnosed fr... | 1 |
The mechanism of action of oral cladribine, recently licensed for relapsing multiple sclerosis, is unknown.,To determine whether cladribine depletes memory B cells consistent with our recent hypothesis that effective, disease-modifying treatments act by physical/functional depletion of memory B cells.,A cross-sectional... | New evidence and consensus has led to further revision of the McDonald Criteria for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.,The use of imaging for demonstration of dissemination of central nervous system lesions in space and time has been simplified, and in some circumstances dissemination in space and time can be established... | 1 |
TNF-α inhibitor (TNFi) therapies have transformed the treatment of several rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases.,However, the majority of TNFi’s are immunogenic and consequent anti-drug antibodies formation can impact on both treatment efficacy and safety.,Several controversies exist in the area of immunogenicity of TNFi... | Adalimumab is one of the top-selling drugs worldwide.,Its imminent patent expiration has seen the emergence of numerous biosimilar agents.,In this article, we recap the evidence from bio-originator trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide context for a critical review of biosimilar trial data.,Currently, three ad... | 1 |
How does the efficacy of ponesimod compare with that of teriflunomide in a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator superiority study based on relapse rate, fatigue, magnetic resonance imaging-defined disease activity, tissue loss, and disability accumulation in patients with relapsing multiple... | Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) target immunity and have the potential to increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and alter its clinical course.,We assessed these risks in patients with MS (PwMS).,The objective of this study was to descr... | 1 |
To assess the effects of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on glucose metrics, measured by glucose monitoring systems, in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes.,We conducted a systematic literature search for English language articles from MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science up to February 28, 2021, using “diabetes”, “... | Various guidelines recommend that all adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) should be offered an evidence based, structured education programme (SEP) to optimize self-management care.,China has a 13,000 annual increase in newly diagnosed T1D cases, of which 65% are adults.,However, there is yet no validated SEP t... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that primarily manifests as persistent synovitis and progressive joint destruction.,Imatinib exhibited a therapeutic effect in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) via selective inhibition tyrosine kinases.,The second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibit... | The peripheral blood (PB) monocyte pool contains osteoclast progenitors (OCPs), which contribute to osteoresorption in inflammatory arthritides and are influenced by the cytokine and chemokine milieu.,We aimed to define the importance of chemokine signals for migration and activation of OCPs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA... | 1 |
Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic pharmacological properties.,However, the therapeutic effect of baicalin on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not completely understood.,The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential ... | Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a group of molecules associated with one of the major pathways through which many cytokines exert and integrate their function, and as such they are increasingly recognized as playing critical role in the pathogenesis subserving various i... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypical autoimmune arthritis affecting nearly 1% of the world population and is a significant cause of worldwide disability.,Though prior studies have demonstrated the appearance of RA-related autoantibodies years before the onset of clinical RA, the pattern of immunologic events pre... | Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.,The aim of the study was to investigate the expression pattern and function of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The expression profile of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells fr... | 1 |
It has been suggested that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may originate at the oral mucosa.,The aim of the present study was to assess the oral microbiome and periodontal condition in patients with early RA and individuals at risk of developing RA compared to healthy controls.,Three groups were recruited (n = 50 participant... | The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is hypothesized to be important in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aetiology by inducing production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA).,We have shown that ACPA precede RA onset by years, and that anti-P. gingivalis antibody levels are elevated in RA patients.,The... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells of pancreatic islets.,Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to T1D development.,Viral infection with enteroviruses is a suspected trigger for T1D, but a causal role remains unproven and controversial.,Studies in anima... | Human type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered to be an autoimmune disease, with CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity being directed against the insulin-producing beta cells, leading to a gradual decrease in beta cell mass and the development of chronic hyperglycemia.,The histopathologically defining lesion in recent-onset T1D... | 1 |
Accumulating studies have suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have drawn more and more attention in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in inflammation and immune disorders.,Previously, we have found that lncRNA HIX003209 is differentially expressed in RA.,How... | We investigated two distinct synovial fibroblast populations that were located preferentially in the lining or sub-lining layers and defined by their expression of either podoplanin (PDPN) or CD248, and explored their ability to undergo self-assembly and transmigration in vivo.,Synovial fibroblasts (SF) were cultured i... | 1 |
Droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq has emerged as a powerful technique for massively parallel cellular profiling.,While this approach offers the exciting promise to deconvolute cellular heterogeneity in diseased tissues, the lack of cost-effective and user-friendly instrumentation has hindered widespread adoption of dro... | Non-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in both in vitro and in vivo models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Here, we investigated the potential contribution of specific class I and class IIb HDACs to inflammatory gene expression in RA fibroblast-like syno... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the development of autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and inflammatory responses mediated by multiple cytokines.,Although previous studies have determined clinical associations between SLE and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and ... | Phagocytic monocyte-derived macrophages associate with the nodes of Ranvier and initiate demyelination while microglia clear debris and display a suppressed metabolic gene signature in EAE.,In the human disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), macrophages predom... | 1 |
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bariatric surgery on the incidence of RA in participants of the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.,The SOS is a longitudinal study aiming to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on mortality and obesity-related diseases.,This report includes 2002 subjects with obe... | Oral microbial dysbiosis is known to increase susceptibility of an individual to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Individuals at-risk of RA may undergo different phases of disease progression.,In this study, we aim to investigate whether and whereby the oral microbiome communities alter prior to symptoms of RA.,Seven... | 1 |
Growing evidence emphasizes the relevance of sphingolipids for metabolism and immunity of antigen-presenting cells (APC).,APCs are key players in balancing tolerogenic and encephalitogenic responses in immunology.,In contrast to the well-known prominent effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on lymphocyte trafficking... | Spontaneous autoimmune peripheral neuropathy including Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) represents as one of the serious emergencies in neurology.,Although pathological changes have been well documented, molecular and cellular mechanisms of GBS are still under-explored, partially due to short of appropriate animal models.... | 1 |
There is considerable interest in delineating the molecular mechanisms of action of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), considered as central player in a plethora of human conditions, including cancer, fibrosis and autoimmune disease.,TGF-β elicits its biological effects through membrane bound serine/threonine kinase... | Much of the original research on desmosomes and their biochemical components was through analysis of skin and mucous membranes.,The identification of desmogleins 1 and 3, desmosomal adhesion glycoproteins, as targets in pemphigus, a fatal autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes, provided the firs... | 1 |
The study aimed to evaluate the use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 68Ga-PRGD2 as the tracer for imaging of synovial angiogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Twenty untreated active patients with RA underwent 68Ga-PRGD2 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT before treatment; two pa... | Integrins play an important role in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and other cells.,Upon ligand binding, signaling is initiated and several intracellular pathways are activated.,This leads to a wide variety of effects, depending on cell type.,Integrin activation has been linked to proliferation, secretion of... | 1 |
The development of accurate prognoses in multiple sclerosis is difficult, as the disease is characterized by heterogeneous patterns of brain abnormalities that relate in an unclear way to future impairments.,Here, we use a statistical modeling approach to determine if the baseline pattern of connectome disruption due t... | In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron accumulates inside activated microglia/macrophages at edges of some chronic demyelinated lesions, forming rims.,In susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T, iron-laden microglia/macrophages induce a rim of decreased signal at lesion edges and have been associated with slow... | 1 |
Clinically, associations have been observed between Sjögren’s syndrome and fibromyalgia.,Nonetheless, population-based evidence evaluating the risk of Sjögren’s syndrome in fibromyalgia patients is lacking.,The main purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the association between fibromyalgia and sub... | Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is characterized by an exacerbated T cell infiltration in exocrine glands, markedly associated to the inflammatory and detrimental features as well as the disease progression.,Several helper T cell subsets sequentially converge at different stages of t... | 1 |
A growing body of evidence suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may result in reversible cognitive dysfunction.,Vitamin D is considered important for neurons.,The therapeutic effect of vitamin D was evaluated in a rat model of SLE.,There were 20 male MRL/lpr mice randomly divided into the SLE model group an... | A growing evidence base implicates vitamin D, sun exposure and latitude in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), however there are less data on the associations of these variables with disease outcomes.,We undertook a cross-sectional survey of over 2000 people with MS recruited through internet platforms, seeking s... | 1 |
Measurement of type I interferon (IFN-I) has potential to diagnose and stratify autoimmune diseases, but existing results have been inconsistent.,Interferon-stimulated-gene (ISG) based methods may be affected by the modularity of the ISG transcriptome, cell-specific expression, response to IFN-subtypes and bimodality o... | Significant differences have been reported in disease phenotype and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting in different age groups.,Most indicate a more severe phenotype in juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE).,There have been limited studies in older patients and no large studies looking at SLE across all age ... | 1 |
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that is caused by COVID-19 virus, which was initially identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China.,Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, and soon after the Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine became available late in 2020, it began to... | To summarize current knowledge of the impact of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Several observational studies, including case series, patient surveys, and patient registries, have examined the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with SLE.,Due to methodol... | 1 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been increasingly associated with perturbations to the microbial communities that reside in and on the body (the microbiome), in both human and animal studies.,To date, such studies have mainly focused on the microbial communities that inhabit the gut and oral cavity.,Mounting evidence sug... | A comprehensive structural portrait of the association between citrullination, the HLA-DRB1 locus, and T cell autoreactivity in rheumatoid arthritis.,Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 locus that possesses the shared susceptibility epitope (SE) and the citrullin... | 1 |
To assess the safety and immunologic impact of inhibiting interferon‐γ (IFNγ) with AMG 811, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against IFNγ, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Twenty‐six patients with mild‐to‐moderate, stable SLE were administered placebo or a single dose of AMG 811, ranging from 2 mg t... | Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an abundance of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens.,Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a proximal transducer of the BCR signal that allows for B-cell activation and differentiation.,Recently, selective inhibition of Btk by PCI-32765 has s... | 1 |
We studied the association between glycemic variability (GV) reflecting hypoglycemic stress and cardiovascular autonomic function in subjects with type 1 diabetes.,Forty-four type 1 diabetic patients (mean age 34 ± 13 years, 40% male, 86% Caucasian, mean diabetes duration 13 ± 6 years, mean hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 8.0 ±... | Despite substantial evidence of the benefit of frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 1 diabetes, certain insurers limit the number of test strips that they will provide.,The large database of the T1D Exchange clinic registry provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between the number of S... | 1 |
Environmental factors may play roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and some studies have shown that air pollution was associated with the development of autoimmune disease.,This study was designed to investigate the effect of air pollutants on the development of adult RA.,A nested case-control cohort... | Sodium chloride (NaCl) has been proposed as a driving factor in autoimmune diseases through the induction of pathogenic CD4+ T helper cells that produce interleukin-17 (Th17 cells).,This study investigated the effects of NaCl on inflammatory arthritis in mice and humans.,Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were fed a... | 1 |
Identifying whether potential causal variants for related diseases are shared can identify overlapping etiologies of multifactorial disorders.,Colocalization methods disentangle shared and distinct causal variants.,However, existing approaches require independent datasets.,Here we extend two colocalization methods to a... | Analysis of the ImmunoChip single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in 2816 individuals, comprising the most common subtypes (oligoarticular and RF negative polyarticular) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 13056 controls strengthens the evidence for association to three known JIA-risk loci (HLA, PTPN22 and P... | 1 |
In this article, the 2010 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively) have been updated.,The 2013 update has been developed by an international task forc... | To compare over 2 years the safety, efficacy and radiographic outcomes of subcutaneous abatacept versus adalimumab, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,AMPLE is a phase IIIb, 2-year, randomised, investigator-blinded study with a 1-year primary endpoint.,Biologic-naive pat... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical trials often exclude patients who have low C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, which slows enrollment into the trial.,The purpose of this study was to determine whether high Multi‐Biomarker Disease Activity (MBDA) scores (>44) in RA patients with low CRP levels (≤10 mg/liter) could be us... | Objectives.,To examine the association between a multibiomarker disease activity (MBDA) score, CRP and clinical disease activity measures among RA patients with and without concomitant FM.,Methods.,In an observational cohort of patients with established RA, we performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing MBDA scores ... | 1 |
The mechanisms underlying immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common chronic form of primary glomerulonephritis, remain poorly understood.,Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic oral bacterium, is a common cause of dental caries.,In previous studies, S. mutans isolates that express Cnm ... | IgA nephropathy is an inflammatory renal disease characterised by the deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangium and is the most commonly reported primary glomerulonephritis worldwide.,Thirty to forty percent of patients with the disease develop progressive renal function decline, requiring renal replacement therapy... | 1 |
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in multiple sclerosis in a clinical practice setting.,Clinical data for all adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with off-label rituximab at a single MS center in Lebanon between March 2008 and April 2017 were retrospectively collected from medical charts.... | The nature of the inflammatory response in the MS brain is poorly defined.,Machado-Santos et al. report that chronic inflammation is dominated by tissue resident CD8+ T-cells and CD20+ B-cells, which are activated in lesions with demyelinating or neurodegenerative activity.,Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyeli... | 1 |
To identify genes and biologically relevant pathways associated with risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS), the Genome-Wide Association Studies noise reduction method (GWAS-NR) was applied to MS genotyping data.,Regions of association were defined based on the significance of linkage disequilibrium blocks.,Candidate ... | Compared with influenza-specific T cells, self-reactive T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis or type 1 diabetes fail to slow down and do not form normal immunological synapses upon encounter with cognate self-peptide presented by MHC.,Recognition of self-peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes by CD4 T cells plays an imp... | 1 |
Jackson et al. propose a role for B cell-intrinsic IFN-γ receptor signaling in spontaneous germinal center activation and autoantibody production.,Dysregulated germinal center (GC) responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Although both type... | Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in autoimmunity but how they are generated and their roles in sterile inflammation remain unclear.,Ribonucleoprotein immune complexes, inducers of NETosis, require mitochondrial ROS for maximal NET stimulation.,During this process, mitochondria become hypopolarized a... | 1 |
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the initiation and acceleration of chronic inflammation and could contribute to development of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1).,Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the association between concentration of IL-6 in relation to g... | Previous studies have noted a specific association between type 1 diabetes and insufficient levels of vitamin D, as well as polymorphisms within genes related to vitamin D pathways.,Here, we examined whether serum levels or genotypes of the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), a molecule key to the biologic actions of vit... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can lead to unfavorable pregnancy complications in women.,This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with pregnancy outcomes in patients with SLE.,Fifty-nine pregnant women with SLE (121 pregnancies) participated in this retrospective cohort stud... | Intravenous belimumab plus standard of care (SoC) is approved in the USA and Europe for treatment of active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,This phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (BEL113750; NCT01345253) was conducted in 49 centres across China, Japan ... | 1 |
Clinical trials established the efficacy and safety of natalizumab.,Data are needed over longer periods of time and in the clinical practice setting.,To evaluate long-term safety of natalizumab and its impact on annualised relapse rate and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression in patients with relapsing-r... | Background: Cognitive impairment in MS impacts negatively on many patients at all disease stages and in all subtypes.,Full clinical cognitive assessment is expensive, requiring expert staff and special equipment.,Test versions and normative data are not available for all languages and cultures.,Objective: To recommend ... | 1 |
•The GBSI provided clinically meaningful measurements of spinal cord atrophy, with low sample size.,•Deriving spinal cord atrophy from brain MRI using the GBSI is easier than spinal cord MRI.,•Spinal cord atrophy on GBSI could be used as a secondary outcome measure.,The GBSI provided clinically meaningful measurements ... | Prediction of long term clinical outcome in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) using imaging has important clinical implications, but remains challenging.,We aimed to determine whether spatial location of T2 and T1 brain lesions predicts clinical progression during a 10-year follow-up in PPMS.,... | 1 |
We aimed to identify the plasma miRNA profile of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients and to investigate the potential role of specific circulating miRNAs as non-invasive disease biomarkers.,Ninety APS patients and 42 healthy donors were recruited.,Profiling of miRNAs by PCR-array in plasma of APS patients identifi... | MicroRNAs markedly affect the immune system, and have a relevant role in CVD and autoimmune diseases.,Yet, no study has analyzed their involvement in atherothrombosis related to APS and SLE patients.,This study intended to: 1) identify and characterize microRNAs linked to CVD in APS and SLE; 2) assess the effects of sp... | 1 |
Approximately 25% of people with type 1 diabetes have suppressed counterregulatory hormonal and symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, which renders them at increased risk of severe, disabling hypoglycaemia.,This is called impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH), the cause of which is unknown.,We rec... | Hypoglycaemia remains the most common metabolic adverse effect of insulin and sulfonylurea therapy in diabetes.,Repeated exposure to hypoglycaemia leads to a change in the symptom complex that characterises hypoglycaemia, culminating in a clinical phenomenon referred to as impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH).,IAH... | 1 |
A multilayer hydrogel nanofilm on the cell surface via enzymatic reactions provides a new platform for β cell-based therapy.,Pancreatic β cell therapy for type 1 diabetes is limited by low cell survival rate owing to physical stress and aggressive host immune response.,In this study, we demonstrate a multilayer hydroge... | T regulatory (Treg) cells were discovered more than 20 years ago and have remained a topic of intense investigation by immunologists.,The initial doubts about their existence were dissipated by the discovery in 2003 of the lineage specific transcription factor Foxp3.,In this article, I will discuss some of the question... | 1 |
Plasma insulin levels are predominantly the product of the morphological mass of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and the functional status of each of these beta cells.,Thus, deficiency in either beta cell mass or function, or both, can lead to insufficient levels of insulin, resultin... | The study of endogenous insulin secretion may provide relevant insight into the comparison of the natural history of adult onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.,The aim of this study was to compare the results of the C-peptide response to mixed-meal stimulation in LADA patients w... | 1 |
To examine associations between dietary intake of omega‐3 (n‐3; generally antiinflammatory) and omega‐6 (n‐6; generally proinflammatory) fatty acids and patient‐reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,This study was based on the population‐based Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance cohort.,Esti... | Roles of all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA), a metabolite of vitamin A (VA), in both tolerogenic and immunogenic responses are documented.,However, how tRA affects the development of systemic autoimmunity is poorly understood.,Here we demonstrate that tRA have paradoxical effects on the development of autoimmune lupus in th... | 1 |
We aimed to investigate the regulation of circular RNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated chondrocytes isolated from SD rat.,In this study, we analyzed how circFADS2 was regulated in LPS-treated chondrocytes and isolates from Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and found that circFADS2 and mTOR were highly expressed w... | To evaluate clinical remission with subcutaneous abatacept plus methotrexate (MTX) and abatacept monotherapy at 12 months in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and maintenance of remission following the rapid withdrawal of all RA treatment.,In the Assessing Very Early Rheumatoid arthritis Treatment phase 3b... | 1 |
Alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.,It selectively targets the CD52 antigen to induce profound lymphocyte depletion, followed by recovery of T and B cells with regulatory phenotypes.,We previously showed that regulatory T cell function is restored with cellular replet... | To evaluate 5-year efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in treatment-naive patients with active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (CARE-MS I; NCT00530348).,Alemtuzumab-treated patients received treatment courses at baseline and 12 months later; after the core study, they could enter an extension (NCT00930553) with as-needed ... | 1 |
To evaluate the potential role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), an endothelial factor, in endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to determine its relation to disease activity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers.,This study was designed as a cross-sectional case-control ... | It is known that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher risk of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death.,Abnormalities in cardiac geometry appear to be involved in the setting of the cardiovascular risk, but it has never been specifically investigated in RA.,We enrolled 44 patients with RA compar... | 1 |
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signaling molecule that controls a wide range of biological functions.,In the immune system, calcium signals play a central role in a variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and numerous gene transcriptions.,During an immune response, the engagemen... | To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the risk of serious infections with immunosuppressive medications and glucocorticoids in lupus nephritis.,A trained librarian performed two searches: (1) PubMed for all lupus nephritis trials from the end dates for the systematic review for the 2... | 1 |
The autoimmune neurological disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), have increased at alarming rates in the Western society over the last few decades.,While there are numerous efforts to develop novel treatment approaches, there is an unmet need to identify preventive strategies.,We explored whether central nervous system (C... | Th17 cells are highly proinflammatory cells critical for clearing extracellular pathogens and for induction of multiple autoimmune diseases1.,IL-23 plays a critical role in stabilizing and reinforcing the Th17 phenotype by increasing expression of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) and endowing Th17 cells with pathogenic effector... | 1 |
To investigate the long‐term safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) belimumab plus standard of care (SOC) therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with active, autoantibody‐positive SLE.,The study was designed as a multicenter, open‐label, continuation study of IV belimumab given every 4 weeks in con... | The study (206347) compared organ damage progression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who received belimumab in the BLISS long-term extension (LTE) study with propensity score (PS)-matched patients treated with standard of care (SoC) from the Toronto Lupus Cohort (TLC).,A systematic literature review... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovitis and the presence of serum autoantibodies.,In addition, skeletal muscle weakness is a common comorbidity that contributes to inability to work and reduced quality of life.,Loss in muscle mass cannot alone account for the muscle weakne... | The outbreak of the new coronavirus infections COVID-19 in December 2019 in China has quickly become a global health emergency.,Given the lack of specific anti-viral therapies, the current management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly supportive, even though several compounds are ... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease mediated by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.,In recent years, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing has allowed us to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the development of T1D.,Significant changes in the composition of gut microbio... | Antigen-specific immune tolerance has been a long-standing goal for immunotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergies and for the prevention of allograft rejection and anti-drug antibodies directed against biologic therapies.,Nanoparticles have emerged as powerful tools to initiate and modulate immun... | 1 |
SB2 is a biosimilar to the reference infliximab (INF).,Similar efficacy, safety and immunogenicity between SB2 and INF up to 30 weeks were previously reported.,This report investigates such clinical similarity up to 54 weeks, including structural joint damage.,In this phase III, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentr... | To compare the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of SB2 to the infliximab reference product (INF) in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate therapy.,This is a phase III, randomised, double-blind, multinational, multicentre parallel group study.,Patients ... | 1 |
Immune cell subsets and microRNAs have been independently proposed as type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers.,Here, we aimed to analyze the relationships between peripheral blood circulating immune cell subsets, plasmatic microRNAs, and T1D.,Blood samples were obtained from both children with T1D... | Autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, are thought to have a Th17-cell bias and/or a T-regulatory cell (Treg) defect.,Understanding whether this is a hallmark of patients with type 1 diabetes is a crucial question that is still unsolved, largely due to the difficulties of accessing tissues targeted by the dise... | 1 |
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its observational follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) demonstrated the dominant role of glycemia, second only to age, as a risk factor for a first cardiovascular event in type 1 diabetes (T1D).,We now investigate the associati... | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a greater occurrence of cardiovascular pathologies.,Vascular dysfunction has been shown at the level of the endothelial layers and failure to maintain a continuous pool of circulating nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the progression of poor vascular health.,Biochemically... | 1 |
Our goal was to explore immunoserological relations between IgM and IgG isotypes of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) and pathogen (or vaccine)‐induced or disease‐related antibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD); systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The found sig... | It has been hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, especially in monocyte and CD34 (+) myeloid cells, acts as a important regulator of immune system to promote inflammation in multiple autoimmune diseases.,The aim of this study was to elucidate the HCMV gene expression profiles in the peripheral bloo... | 1 |
The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is not clear; leptin may be related to its pathogenesis.,We reviewed articles on leptin in OA, chondrocytes, and in vitro experiments.,It is concluded that leptin may lead to OA via some signaling pathways.,At the same time, the concentration of leptin in vitro experiments and OA... | Over 70 different genetic variants with a significant association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been discovered.,Anti-citrullination protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive RA variants are more well-defined than their ACPA-negative counterparts.,The human leukocyte antigen, HLA-DRB1 locus remains the prime suspect in ... | 1 |
Functional loss of gut barrier integrity with subsequent increased antigen trafficking and occurrence of low-grade intestinal inflammation precede the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in patients and preclinical models, thus suggesting that these events are mechanistically linked to the autoimmune pathogenesis of the dis... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is known to be associated with polyclonal B-cell hyperreactivity.,The underlying causes of the diffuse B-cell over-reactivity are unclear, but potential candidates include (a) intrinsic hyper-reactivity leading to polyclonal B-cell activation with... | 1 |
The aim of this study is to evaluate the retention rates and reasons for discontinuation for seven biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in a real-world setting of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,This multi-center, retrospective study assessed 4466 treatment courses of 2494 patients with b... | Survivin is known as an inhibitor of apoptosis and a positive regulator of cell division.,We have recently identified survivin as a predictor of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is expressed in the inflamed joints and has adjuvant properties in arthritis.,Studies on 90 R... | 1 |
There is increasing interest in patient-centered approaches to chronic disease management and prevention.,For people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), patient empowerment plays a role in improving a range of health-related outcomes.,This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL), fatigue, and depressi... | There is a strong body of evidence that supports the use of non-drug therapies in the management of people with multiple sclerosis (MS).,A 5-day residential retreat for people with MS in Victoria, Australia, promotes lifestyle modification within a patient-centred model of care.,Analysis of the health-related quality o... | 1 |
Our studies indicate that the resident macrophages of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans have a seminal role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.,In this study, islet macrophages were depleted by administration of a monoclonal antibody to the CSF-1 receptor.,Macrophage depletion, eithe... | We have investigated the efficacy of conditioning skin Langerhans cells (LCs) with agents to promote tolerance and reduce inflammation, with the goal of improving the outcomes of antigen-specific immunotherapy.,Topical treatments were assessed ex vivo, using excised human breast skin maintained in organ bath cultures, ... | 1 |
Recent studies of cortical pathology in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis have shown that a more severe clinical course and the presence of extended subpial grey matter lesions with significant neuronal/glial loss and microglial activation are associated with meningeal inflammation, including the presence of lym... | Central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis includes both focal inflammatory perivascular injury and injury to superficial structures, including the subpial region of the cortex, which reportedly exhibits a gradient of damage from the surface inward.,We assessed how early in the multiple sclerosis course a "... | 1 |
To predict response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) prior to treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to comprehensively understand the mechanism of how different RA patients respond differently to anti‐TNF treatment.,Gene expression and/or DNA methylation profiling on peripheral blood mononuc... | Although targeted biological treatments have transformed the outlook for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 40% of patients show poor clinical response, which is mechanistically still unexplained.,Because more than 50% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have low or absent CD20 B cells-the target for rituximab-in th... | 1 |
Studies attempting to functionally interpret complex-disease susceptibility loci by GWAS and eQTL integration have predominantly employed microarrays to quantify gene-expression.,RNA-Seq has the potential to discover a more comprehensive set of eQTLs and illuminate the underlying molecular consequence.,We examine the f... | Trans-acting genetic variants play a substantial, albeit poorly characterized, role in the heritable determination of gene expression.,Using paired purified primary monocytes and B-cells we identify novel, predominantly cell-specific, cis- and trans-eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci).,These include multi-locus t... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).,While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, scientists believe that the interaction of several endogenous and exogenous factors may be involved in this disease.,Epidemiologists have seen an increased prevalence ... | It is debated whether multiple sclerosis (MS) might result from an immunopathological response toward an active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection brought into the central nervous system (CNS) by immigrating B cells.,Based on this model, a relationship should exist between the local immune milieu and EBV infection stat... | 1 |
In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron accumulates inside activated microglia/macrophages at edges of some chronic demyelinated lesions, forming rims.,In susceptibility-based magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T, iron-laden microglia/macrophages induce a rim of decreased signal at lesion edges and have been associated with slow... | Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment decision-making.,Standardized descriptions published in 1996 based on a survey of international MS experts provided purely clinical phe... | 1 |
•So far, the prevalence of COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients are unknown.,•The prevalence in an MS cohort from the Veneto region, Italy, was higher than in the general population.,The disease course was mild to moderate.,•MS-population based studies could be a good way to investigate indirectly the infection prev... | •A MS patient treated with ocrelizumab healed from COVID-19 without consequences•Immunosuppression might have played favorable role•This report supports the use of immunosuppressants in serious COVID-19 c,A MS patient treated with ocrelizumab healed from COVID-19 without consequences,Immunosuppression might have played... | 1 |
Fingolimod 0.5-mg once-daily is an approved therapy for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).,Several pivotal and real-world studies have demonstrated that fingolimod is associated with the development of macular edema (ME).,Herein, we present a case of a diabetic MS patient who developed severe bi... | Fingolimod is the first oral agent used for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.,Macular edema, but not retinal hemorrhage, is a well-known adverse effect of fingolimod treatment.,To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of extensive retinal hemorrhages following fingolimod treatment.... | 1 |
We aimed to evaluate the pooled incidence of central vein sign on T2*-weighted images from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to determine the diagnostic performance of this central vein sign for differentiating MS from other white matter lesions and provide an optimal cut-off value.,A computerized systematic s... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, demyelinating disease with the involvement of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration.,Increasing efforts have been made towards identifying the diagnostic markers to differentiate the classes of MS from other similar neurological conditions.,Using a systems biology approach, we constru... | 1 |
The efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been evaluated in a comprehensive phase 3 program.,Patients from these randomized trials could receive tocilizumab treatment in open-label extension trials.,Here, the long-term safety profile of tocilizumab, using pooled data from all of ... | Since initial approval for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rituximab has been evaluated in clinical trials involving various populations with RA.,Information has also been gathered from registries.,This report therefore updates the 2007 consensus document on the use of rituximab in the treatment of RA.,Prep... | 1 |
T cells reacting to self-components can promote tissue damage when escaping tolerogenic control mechanisms which may result in autoimmune disease.,The current treatments for these disorders are not antigen (Ag) specific and can compromise host immunity through chronic suppression.,We have previously demonstrated that c... | As a traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis (CS) possesses a variety of immunoregulatory properties.,This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of CS in a mice model of multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).,Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendr... | 1 |
Describe the unique functions of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in IgG4-neurologic disorders (IgG4-ND) and explain why, in contrast to their IgG1-counterparts, they respond poorly to intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) but effectively to anti-B cell therapies.,The IgG4 structure and isotype switch, B cells and plasmablasts re... | To determine the clinical and antibody response after therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in patients with severe refractory antibody‐associated autoimmune encephalitis (AE).,This single‐center prospective cohort included all patients consecutively admitted to our hospital because of severe refractory AE over the period ... | 1 |
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent severe complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), especially in patients of non-Caucasian ethnicity.,Induction treatment for LN consists in the combination of steroids plus a second agent (cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil) or, as a second-line, calcineurin inhibitors... | To describe the characteristics of patients receiving belimumab, overall patterns of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) care, clinical outcomes, and changes in glucocorticoid dose following 6 months of therapy with belimumab, and healthcare resource utilization in belimumab users in Canadian clinical practice settings.... | 1 |
This study was undertaken to assess the impact of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies on the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).,We retrospectively collected data of PwMS with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19.,All the patients had complete follow‐up to d... | This cross-sectional study examines outcomes and risk factors associated with COVID-19 clinical severity in a large, diverse cohort of North American patients with multiple sclerosis.,How do patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have COVID-19 fare and are there patient and disease characteristics associated with wo... | 1 |
Clusterin (Clu), an extracellular chaperone, exhibits characteristics of soluble innate immunity receptors, as assessed by its ability to bind some bacteria strains.,In this study, we report that Clu also binds specifically to late apoptotic cells but not to live, early apoptotic, or necrotic cells.,Histones, which acc... | Inflammation and complement activation are firmly implicated in the pathology of multiple sclerosis; however, the extent and nature of their involvement in specific pathological processes such as axonal damage, myelin loss and disease progression remains uncertain.,This study aims to bring clarity to these questions.,W... | 1 |
Background: A large yet heterogeneous body of literature exists suggesting that endothelial dysfunction appears early in type 1 diabetes, due to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.,The latter may also affect vascular smooth muscles (VSM) function, a layer albeit less frequently considered in that pathology.,This me... | To evaluate the frequency of normalization, the persistence of remission, and the impact on normalization of glycemic control and lipid profile, we analyzed data from a retrospective observational cohort study of type 1 diabetic children and adolescents with abnormal urinary albumin excretion (UAE).,All diabetic childr... | 1 |
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