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Daniel et al. have previously published in JEM a study on the preventive effect of tolerogenic vaccination with a strong agonist insulin mimetope in type 1 diabetes.,Bergman et al. now challenge these results.,Daniel et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20110574) have previously published in JEM a study on the preventiv... | We report here genotyping data and type 1 diabetes association analyses for HLA class I loci (A, B, and C) on 1,753 multiplex pedigrees from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC), a large international collaborative study.,Complete eight-locus HLA genotyping data were generated.,Expected patient class I (HLA-... | 1 |
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the pathological trafficking of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS).,Using the murine MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we previously demonstrated that antagonism of the chemokine receptor CXCR7 blocks endothelial cell sequestration of CX... | Murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis, presents typically as ascending paralysis.,However, in mice in which interferon-gamma (IFNγ) signaling is disrupted by genetic deletion, limb paralysis is accompanied by atypical deficits, including head tilt, postural imbalance, an... | 1 |
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent autoimmune disease involving the joints.,Although anti-TNF therapies have proven effective in the management of RA, approximately one third of patients do not show a significant clinical response.,The objective of this study was to identify new genetic variatio... | To examine whether baseline anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-2 (CCP2) antibody status and concentration correlated with clinical outcomes in patients treated with abatacept or adalimumab on background methotrexate (MTX) in the 2-year AMPLE (Abatacept versus adaliMumab comParison in bioLogic-naïvE rheumatoid arthritis ... | 1 |
In the last decades, evidence suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of B cells on multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis has accumulated.,The increased amount of data on the efficacy and safety of B-cell-depleting therapies from several studies has suggested the addition of these drugs as treatment options to the... | The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade has been implicating in a broad range of biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.,The past three decades have witnessed a great progress in understanding the impact of aberrant NF-κB regulation on human autoimmune a... | 1 |
The diagnostic criteria of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) has been revised in the past 20 years and pathological and therapeutic data have been accumulated.,This review provides an overview of evolution and broadening of the concept of NMOSD.,NMOSD encompassing brain syndrome as well as optic neuritis ... | Axon loss determines persistent disability in multiple sclerosis patients.,Here, we use in vivo calcium imaging in a multiple sclerosis model to show that cytoplasmic calcium levels determine the choice between axon loss and survival.,We rule out the endoplasmic reticulum, glutamate excitotoxicity, and the reversal of ... | 1 |
Sleep problems are common among children with chronic illnesses such as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (or JIA).,However, little is known about the frequency and severity of sleep disturbance(s) and the factors that are associated with sleep problems in children with JIA.,The mechanism(s) of the relationships characteri... | Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries.,Clinical consequences of the atherosclerotic process occur in the adult population, however atherosclerotic process begins in childhood.,The classic risk factors for atherosclerosis include obesity, dyslipidaemia, age, gender or family history.,In recen... | 1 |
Rates of worsening and evolution to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) may be substantially lower in actively treated patients compared to natural history studies from the pretreatment era.,Nonetheless, in our recently reported prospective cohort, more than half of patients with relapsing MS accumulated sign... | See Stankoff and Louapre (doi:10.1093/brain/awy114) for a scientific commentary on this article.,Grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis affects certain areas preferentially.,Eshaghi et al. use a data-driven computational model to predict the order in which regions atrophy, and use this sequence to stage patients.,At... | 1 |
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a secosteroid and prohormone which is metabolized in various tissues to the biologically most active vitamin D hormone 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol).,1,25(OH)2D3 has multiple pleiotropic effects, particularly within the immune system, and is increasingly utilized not only within prophylaxis, ... | Vitamin K2 (VK2) belongs to the vitamin K family and comprises a number of subtypes differing in length of side chains consisting of isoprenoid groups (menaquinone-n, MK-n).,It is essential for a number of physiological functions although the full spectrum of activity has not yet been elucidated.,Due to its role in pro... | 1 |
Myasthenic crisis (MC) and disease exacerbation in myasthenia gravis (MG) are associated with significant lethality and continue to impose a high disease burden on affected patients.,Therefore, we sought to determine potential predictors for MC and exacerbation as well as to identify factors affecting outcome.,We exami... | The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to expand across the world.,This pandemic has had a significant impact on patients with chronic diseases.,Among patients with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NM... | 1 |
Autoantibodies, such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), have been described as inducing bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can also be reflected by bone mineral density (BMD).,We therefore examined the association between osteoporosis and autoantibodies in two independent RA cohorts.,Dual x‐ra... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to cause secondary osteoporosis and fragility fractures.,This study aimed to identify biomarkers predictive of bone mineral density (BMD) change at three anatomical sites in patients with RA.,We conducted a prospective longitudinal study in patients with RA.,In 2012, we recruited 379 ... | 1 |
Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for interleukin 17 (IL-17) in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).,Accordingly, clinical trials aimed at blocking IL-17 have been initiated, but clinical results between patients and across ... | Although previous studies found that cigarette smoking is associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the dose-response relationship remains unclear.,This meta-analysis quantitatively summarizes accumulated evidence regarding the association of lifelong exposure to cigarette smoking assessed as pack-years with t... | 1 |
To determine if there is an association between sarcopenia, physical function and self-reported fatigue in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,A cross-sectional analysis of measurements from a cohort of 157 participants with OA or RA was performed.,The relationship between muscle mass (appendicular muscl... | The link between body mass index (BMI) and disease characteristics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains controversial.,Body composition (BC) has been more frequently recommended to be used instead of BMI for more accurate assessment.,Our study aimed to investigate the characteristics of BC in RA patients and their asso... | 1 |
Infections are considered important environmental triggers of autoimmunity and can contribute to autoimmune disease onset and severity.,Nucleic acids and the complexes that they form with proteins-including chromatin and ribonucleoproteins-are the main autoantigens in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus... | The aim of our study was to assess the associations of HSP90AB1 copy number variations (CNVs) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk and glucocorticoids (GCs) efficacy, as well as the relationship between HSP90AB1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and GCs efficacy.,HSP90AB1 CNVs and SLE risk were analysed in... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).,The activation of inflammatory cells is crucial for the development of MS and is shown to induce intracellular glycolytic metabolism in pro-inflammatory microglia and macrophages, as well as CNS-resident astrocytes.,Advanced glycati... | Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, associated with demyelination and neurodegeneration.,The mechanisms of tissue injury are currently poorly understood, but recent data suggest that mitochondrial injury may play an important role in this process.,Since mitochondrial inju... | 1 |
Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper cells (TH17) are a recently identified CD4+ T cell subset distinct from T helper type 1 (TH1) and T helper type 2 (TH2) cells1.,TH17 cells can drive antigen specific autoimmune diseases and are considered the main population of pathogenic T cells driving experimental autoimmune en... | We describe a reporter mouse strain designed to fate-map cells that have activated IL-17A.,Here we show that TH17 cells show distinct plasticity in different inflammatory settings.,Chronic inflammatory conditions in EAE caused a switch to alternative cytokines in TH17 cells, whereas acute cutaneous infection with Candi... | 1 |
To compare the performance of the new 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with 1999 revised Japanese Ministry of Health criteria for diagnosis of SS (JPN), 2002 American-European Consensus Group classification... | Increasing evidence suggests an epigenetic contribution to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS).,The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DNA methylation in pSS by analysing multiple tissues from patients and controls.,Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles were ... | 1 |
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (JDRF nPOD) was established to obtain human pancreata and other tissues from organ donors with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in support of research focused on disease pathogenesis.,Since 2007, nPOD has recovered tissues from over... | Islet leukocytic infiltration (insulitis) is first obvious at around 4 weeks of age in the NOD mouse - a model for human type 1 diabetes (T1D).,The molecular events that lead to insulitis and initiate autoimmune diabetes are poorly understood.,Since TID is caused by numerous genes, we hypothesized that multiple molecul... | 1 |
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Kaiser Permanente Southern California from 1 January 2020 to 30 September 2020.,We found that rituximab‐treated persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS, n = 1895) were more likely be hospitalized (n = 8, 33.3%), but not die (n = 0) from COVID‐19, compared to the 4.81 million n... | To report outcomes on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness.,From March 16 to April 30, 2020, patients with MS or related disorders at NYU Langone MS Comprehensive Care Center were identified with laboratory-confirmed or suspected COVID-19.,The diag... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex trait characterised by the production of a range of auto-antibodies and a diverse set of clinical phenotypes.,Currently, ∼8% of the genetic contribution to SLE in Europeans is known, following publication of several moderate-sized genome-wide (GW) association studies, whi... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder.,The study of diverse mouse models of lupus has provided clues to the etiology of SLE.,Spontaneous mouse models of lupus have led to identification of numerous susceptibility loci from which several candidate genes have emerged.,Meanwhile, induc... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which oligodendrocytes, the CNS cells that stain most robustly for iron and myelin are the targets of injury.,Metals are essential for normal CNS functioning, and metal imbalances have been linked to demyelina... | The pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) is myelin phagocytosis.,It remains unclear why microglia and macrophages demyelinate axons in MS, but previously found or yet-unknown changes in the myelin of MS patients could contribute to this process.,We therefore studied whether myelin from normal-appearing whit... | 1 |
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sarilumab plus conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with active moderate‐to‐severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had an inadequate response or intolerance to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy.,Patients were randomly allocate... | To evaluate the Rheumatoid Arthritis Observation of Biologic Therapy (RABBIT) Risk Score for serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The RABBIT Risk Score for serious infections was developed in 2011 on a cohort of RA patients enrolled in the German biologics register RABBIT between 2001 and 2007... | 1 |
To determine whether genetic variation within genes related to the Toll-like receptor, inflammasome and interferon-γ pathways contributes to the differences in treatment response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,In a retrospective case-case study, we assessed 2... | Faced with an increasing number of choices for biologic therapies, rheumatologists have a critical need for better tools to inform rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease management.,The ability to identify patients who are unlikely to respond to first-line biologic anti-TNF therapies prior to their treatment would allow the... | 1 |
Pemphigus is a blistering disease characterized by pemphigus autoantibodies (PVIgG) directed mostly against desmogleins (Dsgs), resulting in the loss of keratinocyte adhesion (acantholysis).,Yet, the mechanisms underlying blister formation remain to be clarified.,We have shown previously that anti-Fas ligand (FasL) ant... | Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease caused by autoantibodies against BP180 in the epidermal basement membrane.,Autoantibody-mediated complement activation is an important process in BP pathogenesis.,CD46, a crucial complement regulatory protein in the complement activation, has been reported to be ... | 1 |
Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes are a high-risk population who are recommended to strive for optimal glucose control, but neonatal outcomes attributed to maternal hyperglycaemia remain suboptimal.,Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on maternal glucose control and obstetr... | Intense exercise is a major challenge to the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D).,Closed-loop control (CLC) systems (artificial pancreas) improve glycemic control during limited intensity and short duration of physical activity (PA).,However, CLC has not been tested during extended vigorous outdoor exercise common amon... | 1 |
Increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity is the critical event that results in bone loss and joint destruction in common pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,RANKL and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), control OC differentiation and activity.,However, ... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disabling disease that is associated with increased localized and generalized osteoporosis (OP).,Previous studies estimated that approximately one-third of the RA population experience bone loss.,Moreover, RA patients suffer from a doubled fracture incidence depending on several c... | 1 |
To compare the efficacy of disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28ESR)-driven therapy with anti-tumour necrosis factor (patients from the GUEPARD trial) and routine care in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (patients of the ESPOIR cohort).,After matching GUEPARD and ESPOIR patients on the basis of a pr... | Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may differ among rheumatologists and currently, clear and consensual international recommendations on RA treatment are not available.,In this paper recommendations for the treatment of RA with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and glucocortico... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by motor deficits, fatigue, pain, cognitive impairment, and sensory and visual dysfunction.,Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is a progressive form of MS that develops from relapsing-remitting MS.,Repulsiv... | It is known that oxidative stress produced by proinflammatory myeloid cells plays an important role in demyelination and neuronal injury in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).,Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidative enzyme released from myeloid cells during inflammation.,It has been shown that MPO-dependent oxidative... | 1 |
The study of endogenous insulin secretion may provide relevant insight into the comparison of the natural history of adult onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.,The aim of this study was to compare the results of the C-peptide response to mixed-meal stimulation in LADA patients w... | The optimal treatment of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is not established.,We explored whether early insulin treatment, which has shown beneficial effects in rodents and in human pilot studies, would result in better preservation of β-cell function or metabolic control, compared with conventional treatmen... | 1 |
•A case of an acute demyelinating polyneuropathy during infection by SARS-CoV-2.,•SARS-CoV-2 has also been shown to affect the peripheral nervous system.,•Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) due to SARS-CoV-2 is a rare complication.,•Some GBS have led to hypothesize a possible parainfectious pathogenesis.,A case of an acute ... | For a long time, viruses have been shown to modify the clinical picture of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), celiac disease (CD), and multiple sclerosis (MS).,Best exampl... | 1 |
The pro-inflammatory activities of the calgranulins and HMGB1 can be counteracted by sRAGE, the soluble form of their shared receptor.,To understand the role of these molecules in AAV and their potential as therapeutic targets we have studied (i) the relationship between these DAMPS and disease activity; (ii) the expre... | ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).,While systemic vasculitis is a hallmark of all AAV, GPA is characterized by extravascular granulomatous inflammation, preferentially affecting the ... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis is the most common inflammatory neurological disease in young adults.,The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic method of quantifying various effects of a given condition by demographic variables and geography.,In this systematic analysis, we quantifi... | We investigated potential interactions between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and body mass index (BMI) status in relation to the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS).,We used 2 case-control studies, one with incident cases (1,510 cases, 2,017 controls) and one with prevalent cases (937 cases, 609 control... | 1 |
Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is a critical pathogenic factor for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but its value as a disease-specific biomarker remains controversial.,We aimed to clarify the clinical significance of Gd-IgA1 in patients with IgAN.,We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients who were diagnosed with IgAN based ... | Streptococcus mutans is a major pathogen of human dental caries.,Strains harbouring the cnm gene, which encodes Cnm, a collagen-binding protein, contribute to the development of several systemic diseases.,In this study, we analysed S. mutans strains isolated from the oral cavity of immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy (IgA... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by islet autoimmunity and beta cell destruction.,A gut microbiota-immunological interplay is involved in the pathophysiology of T1D.,We studied microbiota-mediated effects on disease progression in patients with type 1 diabetes using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).,Patien... | Susceptibility to many human autoimmune diseases is under strong genetic control by class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele combinations.,These genes remain by far the greatest risk factors in the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease.,Despite this, little is known about HLA influences on the composit... | 1 |
In Graves' disease (GD), autoantibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) cause hyperthyroidism.,The condition is often associated with eye signs including proptosis, oedema, and diplopia (collectively termed Graves' orbitopathy [GO]).,The safety profile of K1‐70TM (a human monoclonal TSHR specific aut... | Thyroid-associated ophthalmoapthy (TAO) is the most common orbital disease.,As an autoimmune disorder, it is caused by self-reactive lymphocytes that escape immune tolerance, but the mechanism is not fully understood.,The basic process of TAO is the infiltration of immune cells in orbital tissues, the activation of orb... | 1 |
PTPN22 is a tyrosine phosphatase and functions as a damper of TCR signals.,A C-to-T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at position 1858 of human PTPN22 cDNA and converting an arginine (R620) to tryptophan (W620) confers the highest risk of rheumatoid arthritis among non-HLA genetic variations that are known t... | Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex and potentially fatal autoimmune disease, characterized by autoantibody production and multi-organ damage.,By a genome-wide association study (320 patients and 1,500 controls) and subsequent replication altogether involving a total of 3,300 Asian SLE patients from Hong Kong, Ma... | 1 |
It is well recognised that a state of autoimmunity, in which immunological tolerance is broken, precedes the development of symptoms in the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,For individuals who will later develop seropositive disease, this manifests as autoantibodies directed against proteins that ha... | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of developing comorbid conditions.,To evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities and compare their management in RA patients from different countries worldwide.,Study design: international, cross-sectional.,Patients: consecutive RA patients.,Data collected: de... | 1 |
Here we looked for possible mechanisms regulating the progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).,In this disease, autoaggressive T cells (T conventional cells, Tconvs) not properly controlled by T regulatory cells (Tregs) destroy pancreatic islets.,We compared the T-cell compartment of patients with newly diagnose... | The dysfunction of FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D).,However, previous studies analyzing the peripheral blood Treg compartment in patients with T1D have yielded partially conflicting results.,Moreover, the phenotypic c... | 1 |
To evaluate the efficacy of denosumab in suppressing joint destruction when added to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,This was a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 study in Japan.,Pat... | To determine the safety, tolerability and signs of efficacy of MOR103, a human monoclonal antibody to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Patients with active, moderate RA were enrolled in a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dos... | 1 |
Lood et al. find that neutrophil TLR7/8 activation shifts neutrophils from phagocytosis of immune complexes to NETosis.,Reduced phagocytosis of immune complexes is associated with partial proteolytic cleavage of FcgRIIA.,Cleaved FcgRIIA is found in SLE neutrophils ex vivo.,Neutrophils play a crucial role in host defens... | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins acting mainly as sensors of microbial components.,Triggering TLRs results in increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes, which then play a protective role against infection.,However, aberrant activation of TLR signaling has a significant impact on the onset... | 1 |
The genetic and immunological factors that contribute to differences in susceptibility and progression between sub-types of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases continue to be elucidated.,Inflammatory bowel disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis are both clinically heterogeneous and known to be due in part to abnorm... | The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 has a vital function in inhibiting antigen-receptor signaling in T cells, while polymorphisms in the PTPN22 gene are important risk alleles in human autoimmune diseases.,We recently reported that a key physiological function of PTPN22 was to prevent naïve T cell activation a... | 1 |
Lupus nephritis is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and manifests with considerable phenotypic and histological heterogeneity.,In particular, diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) and membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) represent morphologic forms that are polar opposites.,DPLN ... | There is growing evidence that interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Previous studies showed that increased percentages of T-cell subsets expressing the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD134 are associated with disease activity and renal involv... | 1 |
STING is essential for control of infections and for tumor immunosurveillance, but can also drive pathological inflammation.,STING resides on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and traffics following stimulation to ERGIC/Golgi where signaling occurs.,Although STING ER exit is the rate-limiting step in STING signaling, the... | Interferon α (IFNα) is a prompt and efficient orchestrator of host defense against nucleic acids but upon chronicity becomes a potent mediator of autoimmunity.,Sustained IFNα signaling is linked to pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant self-DNA sen... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which exhibits multiple B cell abnormalities including expanded populations of memory B cells and elevated levels of autoantibodies.,Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the B cell cytokine BAFF (a.k.a.,BLyS), approved for the treatment of SLE... | Epratuzumab, a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, is under investigation as a therapeutic antibody in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its mechanism of action on B-cells remains elusive.,Treatment of SLE patients with epratuzumab leads to a reduction of circulating CD27negative B... | 1 |
A characteristic pathology of early onset myasthenia gravis is thymic hyperplasia with ectopic germinal centers (GC).,However, the mechanisms that trigger and maintain thymic hyperplasia are poorly characterized.,Dysregulation of small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes has been identified in the pat... | Self‐estimated health can be used for comparison of different diseases between countries.,It is important to elaborate on whether disparities in self‐estimated health are due to disease‐specific parameters or socioeconomic differences.,In this study, we aimed at evaluating clinical and social similarities and differenc... | 1 |
To evaluate the outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) discontinuation in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) after a sustained remission period.,We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 17 patients with antiaquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD who discontinued IST after a relapse... | Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive agent (IS) which is widely prescribed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients.,We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of MMF in controlling relapse and disease severity.,Eligible studies obtained from the EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE databases were stu... | 1 |
Lim et al. demonstrate that protein deacetylase, Sirtuin 1, promotes autoimmunity by deacetylating RORγt increasing its transcriptional activity and promoting Th17 differentiation and function.,Blockade or loss of Sirtuin 1 results in protection from multiple sclerosis-like disease in mice.,The balance of effector and ... | In EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), agonists of PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) provide clinical benefit and reduce damage.,In contrast with PPARγ, agonists of PPARδ are more effective when given at later stages of EAE and increase myelin gene expression, suggesting effects on OL (ol... | 1 |
•Covid-19 pandemic can have implications for MS and neuroimmunology patients and potentially their adherence to disease modifying therapies (DMTs).,•A large proportion of patients receiving DMT's for their MS expressed some degree of concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and their therapy in one MS centre in Australi... | The outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has raised health concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who are commonly on long-term immunotherapies.,Managing MS during the pandemic remains challenging with little published experience and no evidence-based gui... | 1 |
MicroRNAs fine-tune the regulation of Th1/Th17 lymphocyte subsets in multiple sclerosis.,We investigated the expression of miRNAs (previously associated with mycobacterial and viral infections) in MS patients and healthy donors (HD) following 6 months natalizumab therapy.,In addition, Th1/Th17 cytokines and the presenc... | Demyelination and failure of remyelination are core mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS); the factor(s) modulating these processes are still mostly unknown.,MicroRNA 572 (miR-572) is deregulated in MS and is suggested to targets neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a glycoprotein involved in CNS r... | 1 |
Fatigue is a very common and debilitating symptom in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), even among those with a mild or inactive disease.,The objective of this study is to define fatigue determinants and describe the impact of fatigue on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and illness perception in a ... | To assess the effect of upper limb exercise on hand function, daily activities performance and quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,We performed a pilot randomised, 24-week follow-up, unmasked controlled trial.,Inclusion criteria were upper limb arthralgias, a Disabilities of Arm, Should... | 1 |
Objective: To evaluate the lifetime prevalence of infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders in a multisite study of probands with childhood-onset obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and their first-degree relatives.,Methods: Medical questionnaires were completed by 1401 probands and 1045 first-degree relatives... | Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder after streptococcal infection (PANDAS) is a specific autoimmune response to group-A streptococcal infections in children and adolescents with a sudden onset of obsessive-compulsive disorders or tic-like symptoms.,Cerebral metabolic changes of patients have not yet been obs... | 1 |
A working group on the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) recently reported that crescents detected in kidney tissue predicted a worse renal outcome.,However, this finding must be validated in independent cohorts before it can be widely applied to clinical practice.,Biopsy-proven IgAN patients were continu... | Research on the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has focused on renal survival, with little information being available on patient survival.,Hence, this investigation aimed to explore long-term patient outcome in IgAN patients.,Clinical and pathological characteristics at the time of renal biopsy were reviewed in 1,... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OMIM 152700) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance to nuclear and cell surface antigens.,Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) had modest sample sizes, reducing their scope and reliability.,Our study comprised 7,219 cases and 1... | Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex and potentially fatal autoimmune disease, characterized by autoantibody production and multi-organ damage.,By a genome-wide association study (320 patients and 1,500 controls) and subsequent replication altogether involving a total of 3,300 Asian SLE patients from Hong Kong, Ma... | 1 |
IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a unique inflammatory disorder in which Th2 cytokines promote IgG4 production.,In addition, recent studies have implicated the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) pathway.,This study was undertaken to examine the expression of TLRs in salivary glands (SGs) from patients with IgG4‐RD.,SGs from 15 ... | B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) play a crucial role in B cell development, survival, and antibody production.,Here we analyzed the serum levels of BAFF and APRIL and their respective clinical associations in patients with an immunoglobulin ... | 1 |
Infections with human herpesvirus 6A (HHV‐6A) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) development.,For EBV, late infection has been proposed as a risk factor, but serological support is lacking.,The objective of this study was to investigate how age affects the EBV and HHV‐6A associated... | Recent evidence suggests that the primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis (PP-MS) may present with specific immunological alterations.,In this study we focused our attention on CD161, an NK and T cell marker upregulated in relapsing-remitting MS, and investigated its transcript and protein levels in blood cells ... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by abnormalities in B cell and T cell function, but the role of disturbances in the activation status of macrophages (Mϕ) has not been well described in human patients.,To address this, gene expression profiles from isolated lymphoid and myeloid populations were analy... | Microvesicles (MVs) are emerging as a novel means to enact cell-to-cell communication in inflammation.,Here, we aimed to ascertain the ability of neutrophil-derived MVs to modulate target cell behaviour, the focus being the macrophage.,MVs were generated in response to tumour necrosis factor-α, from healthy control neu... | 1 |
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an immunologically complex, chronic autoimmune disease targeting lacrimal and salivary glands.,Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop inflammation of lacrimal and salivary glands with histopathological features similar to SS in humans including focal lymphocytic infiltrates in the a... | Monogenic causes of autoimmunity give key insights to the complex regulation of the immune system.,We report a new monogenic cause of autoimmunity resulting from de novo germline activating STAT3 mutations in 5 individuals with a spectrum of early-onset autoimmune disease including type 1 diabetes.,These findings empha... | 1 |
Epratuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets CD22, modulates B cell signaling without substantial reductions in the number of B cells.,The aim of this study was to report the results of 2 phase III multicenter randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials, the EMBODY 1 and EMBODY 2 trials, assessing the effica... | Epratuzumab, a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, is under investigation as a therapeutic antibody in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its mechanism of action on B-cells remains elusive.,Treatment of SLE patients with epratuzumab leads to a reduction of circulating CD27negative B... | 1 |
Ubiquitin is highly conserved across eukaryotes and is essential for normal eukaryotic cell function.,The bacterium Bacteroides fragilis is a member of the normal human gut microbiota, and the only bacterium known to encode a homologue of eukaryotic ubiquitin.,The B. fragilis gene sequence indicates a past horizontal g... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disease in humans and is characterized by the presence of hyperactive immune cells and aberrant antibody responses to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, including characteristic anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies.,We performed a cross-sectional ... | 1 |
Measurement of MRP8/14 serum levels has shown potential in predicting clinical response to different biological agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,We aimed to develop a treatment algorithm based on a prediction score using MRP8/14 measurements and clinical parameters predictive for response to different biological ag... | There has been no report in the literature of a soluble form of interleukin (IL)-18 receptor α (IL-18Rα).,In this study, we evaluated the levels and characteristics of soluble IL-18Rα (sIL-18Rα) in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared these results to control populations.,The sIL-18Rα comple... | 1 |
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Asia.,In this study, based on a large cohort of Chinese patients with IgAN, we aim to identify independent predictive factors associated with disease progression to ESRD.,We collected retrospective clinical data and renal outcomes on 619 biop... | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and an important cause of kidney disease in young adults.,Highly variable clinical presentation and outcome of IgAN suggest that this diagnosis may encompass multiple subsets of disease that are not distinguishable by cu... | 1 |
The steep increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), in the Western world after World War II, cannot be explained solely by genetic factors but implies that this rise must be due to crucial interactions between predisposing genes and environmental changes.,Three parallel phenomena in early childhood - the dyna... | The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,677 children enrolled from birth who carry HLA-susceptibility genotypes for development of islet autoantibodies (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).,During the median follow-up time of 57 months, 350 children developed at least one... | 1 |
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic, autoimmune, neuromuscular junction disorder characterized by skeletal muscle weakness.,Current therapies for myasthenia gravis are associated with significant side effects.,The objective of this study was to characterize the side effects, and associated health-related quality of life and... | Emerging evidence suggests that fatigue in myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relevant problem that negatively impacts activities of daily living (ADL).,The relationship between fatigue and quality of life (QoL) has never been systematically explored in MG patients.,The study aimed to assess the prevalence of fatigue and its ... | 1 |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) involves sensory and motor nerves, resulting in demyelination as well as axonal degeneration.,This study was conducted to describe the pattern of lower limb nerve involvement in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) based on the parameters of nerve conduction study (NCS).,This... | The effectiveness of an intervention in clinical practice is often reduced compared to the efficacy demonstrated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).,In this comparative effectiveness study, the RCT-proven efficacy of a diabetes education programme for type 1 diabetic patients (PRIMAS) was compared to the effectiven... | 1 |
Multiple Sclerosis (MuS) is a complex multifactorial neuropathology, resulting in heterogeneous clinical presentation.,A very active MuS research field concerns the discovery of biomarkers helpful to make an early and definite diagnosis.,The sphingomyelin pathway has emerged as a molecular mechanism involved in MuS, si... | Inflammation is an immune response that works as a contained fire that is pre-emptively sparked as a defensive process during infections or upon any kind of tissue insult, and that is spontaneously extinguished after elimination or termination of the damage.,However, persistent and uncontrolled immune reactions act as ... | 1 |
Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), a rare autoinflammatory disorder, resembles systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA).,The superimposable systemic clinical features of AOSD and SJIA suggest both clinical phenotypes represent the same disease continuum with different ages of onset.,To further characterize the si... | Anakinra is the first interleukin-1 inhibitor to be used in clinical practice, and recent evidence showed that interleukin-1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still disease (AoSD).,However, data concerning efficacy with anakinra use in different clinical trials has not been evaluated, and the over... | 1 |
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid yielding multiple actions in human physiology.,Besides the canonical regulatory activity on bone metabolism, several non-classical actions have been described and the ability of vitamin D to partake in the regulation of the immune system is particularly interesting, though far str... | The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in T helper cell sub-types and osteoclast (OCs) precursors in peripheral blood between patients affected by early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) and healthy controls.,The effect of administration of cholecalcipherol on clinical and laboratory parameters was subsequently eva... | 1 |
T cells control many immune functions, with Th17 cells critical in regulating inflammation.,Following activation, T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and utilize glycolysis to increase the ATP availability.,Epigenetic mechanisms controlling metabolic functions in T cells are currently not well-defined.,Here, we est... | The objective of the study is to investigate potential citrullinated autoantigens as targets of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) response in synovial fluids (SFs) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,SFs from six RA patients and six osteoarthritis (OA) patients as controls were collected.,The citrul... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and heterogeneous autoimmune disease with symmetrical polyarthritis as its critical clinical manifestation.,The basic cause of autoimmune diseases is the loss of tolerance to self or harmless antigens.,The loss or functional deficiency of key immune cells, regulatory T (Treg) cel... | The present study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effects of curculigoside isolated from the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn in vivo and in vitro, as well as to determine the potential underlying mechanisms.,A rat model of arthritis was induced with type II collagen.,Arthritic rats were treated with curc... | 1 |
Thrombospondin type I domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) is a known antigenic target of autoantibodies leading to primary membranous glomerulopathy and was reported to account for ~10% of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)-negative membranous glomerulopathy.,It has been proposed that PLA2R and THSD7A autoantibodies are mutua... | Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.,Anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) antibodies are found in most patients with idiopathic MN (iMN) worldwide, but the prevalence of anti-PLA2R antibodies among Japanese patients with MN is unknown.,In this study, we determi... | 1 |
To characterize the accrual of long‐term disability in a cohort of actively treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to assess whether clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data used in clinical trials have long‐term prognostic value.,This is a prospective study of 517 actively managed MS patients enrolled ... | Mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as a potential therapy for a range of neural insults.,In animal models of multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease that targets oligodendrocytes and myelin, treatment with human MSCs results in functional improvement that reflects both modulation of the immune response and myelin re... | 1 |
Recent years have brought notable progress in the field of IgA nephropathy.,Here, we highlight important new directions and latest developments, including successful discovery of several genetic susceptibility loci, formulation of the multi-hit pathogenesis model that integrates findings from studies of galactose-defic... | The Oxford Classification of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) identified mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary proliferation (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T) as independent predictors of outcome.,Whether it applies to individuals excluded from the original study and how... | 1 |
The complement system, composed of the three activation pathways, has both protective and pathogenic roles in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (or lupus), a prototypic autoimmune disease.,The classical pathway contributes to the clearance of immune complexes (ICs) and apoptotic cells, whereas the alterna... | Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a specific and potent small molecule modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and receptor 5 (S1PR5), which has shown therapeutic benefit in clinical trials of relapsing multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis.,Ozanimod and its active metabolite, RP-101075, exhibit a similar s... | 1 |
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterised by an immune system attack targeting myelin, which is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs).,We performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of OL lineage cells from the spinal cord of mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which mimics several aspects ... | Macrophages play a dual role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology.,They can exert neuroprotective and growth promoting effects but also contribute to tissue damage by production of inflammatory mediators.,The effector function of macrophages is determined by the way they are activated.,Stimulation of monocyte-derived m... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have been proved to be T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.,Recent researches indicate that humoral immunity is also involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders.,T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for B cell differentiation and an... | Homeostatic B Cell-Attracting chemokine 1 (BCA-1) otherwise known as CXCL13 is constitutively expressed in secondary lymphoid organs by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and macrophages.,It is the only known ligand for the CXCR5 receptor, which is expressed on mature B cells, follicular helper T cells (Tfh), Th17 cells ... | 1 |
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text,Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) comprise the most common forms of arthritis.,The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated biological processes between RA and OA using a bioinformatics approach to elucid... | Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and progressive joint destruction.,The impaired apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) is pivotal in this process.,However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduced apoptosis are not... | 1 |
To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetic children with first- and second-degree relatives affected by type 1 diabetes and to characterize the effects of this positive family history on clinical markers, signs of β-cell autoimmunity, and HLA genotype in the index case.,Children (n = 1,488) with type 1 diab... | Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), is one of the most common of the immune-mediated diseases.,To further investigate the genetic determinants of AITD, we conducted an association study using a custom-made single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, the Im... | 1 |
In autoimmune diseases, a disturbance of the balance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is often observed.,This disturbed balance is also the case in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Genetic predisposition to RA confers the presence of several polymorphisms mainly regulating activation of T lymphocytes... | Genetic studies in the last 5 years have greatly facilitated our understanding of how the dysregulation of diverse components of the innate immune system contributes to pathophysiology of SLE.,A role for macrophages in the pathogenesis of SLE was first proposed as early as the 1980s following the discovery that SLE mac... | 1 |
Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes play a vital role in joint synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Proinflammatory cytokines induce fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation and dysfunction.,The inflammatory mediator Krüppel-like factor 4 is upregulated during inflammation and plays an important role in end... | Bone destruction is a frequent and clinically serious event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Local joint destruction can cause joint instability and often necessitates reconstructive or replacement surgery.,Moreover, inflammation-induced systemic bone loss is associated with an increased fracture risk.,Bone ... | 1 |
To summarize findings from studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy in African countries in light of the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus.,Using a predefined search strategy, we systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation index and Conference Pr... | To examine trends in microvascular complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between 1990 and 2009 in Sydney, Australia.,We used analysis of complications in 1,604 adolescents (54% female, aged 12-20 years, median duration 8.6 years), stratified by four time periods using Generalized Estimation Equations as fol... | 1 |
Dietary salt intake has been considered an important risk factor for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).,Here we studied the effects of a high-salt diet (HSD) using a spontaneous autoimmune disease mouse model resembling MS.,We found that high-salt consumption protects mice from developing the neurologica... | Neurodegeneration, rather than inflammation, plays a key role in the progressive phase of multiple sclerosis (MS).,Current disease modifying treatment options for people with progressive MS (PMS) do not specifically target neurodegeneration.,Preliminary evidence suggests that exercise therapy might have neuroprotective... | 1 |
Recent studies indicate a causal relationship between the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis and rheumatoid arthritis involving the production of autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides.,We therefore postulated that therapeutic eradication P. gingivalis may ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis development and here tur... | Objectives.,To evaluate whether genetic and environmental factors associated with RA in European and Asian ancestry populations are also associated with RA in African ancestry individuals.,Methods.,A case-control study was undertaken in 197 RA cases and 868 controls of African ancestry (Black African, Black Caribbean o... | 1 |
The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.,Many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory... | Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.,Here, tofacitinib safety and efficacy data from a long-term extension study in Japanese patients are presented.,Study A3921041 was a multi-centre, open-label, long-term extension study that included Japanese patients who had partic... | 1 |
Recent evidence has suggested that the 1,25(OH)2D3/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) acts to suppress the immune response associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a serious multisystem autoimmune disease.,Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the mechanism by which 1,25-(OH)2D3/VDR influences SLE thr... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).,While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, scientists believe that the interaction of several endogenous and exogenous factors may be involved in this disease.,Epidemiologists have seen an increased prevalence ... | 1 |
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota have beneficial anti-inflammatory and gut homeostasis effects and prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D) in mice.,Reduced SCFA production indicates a loss of beneficial bacteria, commonly associated with chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including T1D an... | A recent study using a rat model found significant differences at the time of diabetes onset in the bacterial communities responsible for type 1 diabetes modulation.,We hypothesized that type 1 diabetes in humans could also be linked to a specific gut microbiota.,Our aim was to quantify and evaluate the difference in t... | 1 |
B-cell depletion has become a common treatment strategy in anti-TNF-refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Although the exact mechanism of how B-cell depletion leads to clinical amelioration in RA remains to be elucidated, repetitive treatment with B-cell-depleting agents leading to long-term B-cell depletion has been r... | Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) are highly specific for RA.,Since the discovery of these antibodies, several of studies that focused on the presence and identity of citrullinated proteins in the joints of RA patients have been carried out.,The best-known antigens that bind ACPAs are citrullinated fila... | 1 |
Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases characterized by autoantibody production and autoantibody-related pathology.,Anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) are found in all patients with APS and in 20-30% of individuals with SLE. aPL recognize a number of autoantigens... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease resulting from abnormal interactions between T and B cells.,The acquisition of SLE is linked to genetic susceptibility, and diverse environmental agents can trigger disease onset in genetically susceptible individuals.,However, the strongest ri... | 1 |
Rodent complex trait genetic studies involving a cross between two inbred strains are usually followed by congenic mapping to refine the loci responsible for the phenotype.,However, progressing from a chromosomal region to the actual causal gene remains challenging because multiple polymorphic genes are often closely l... | The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) comprises a cascade of proteolytic enzymes and biogenic peptides that regulate several physiological processes.,Over-expression of tissue kallikrein-1 and modulation of the KKS shows beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and other parameters relevant to type 2 diabetes mellitus.,Ho... | 1 |
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with air pollution, possibly due to the augmentation of inflammatory effects.,In this study, we aimed to determine the roles of inflammatory pathways and microRNA involved in the pathogenesis of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) inflammation induced by parti... | Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and CCR7− effector memory T (TEM) cells are two of the major cell types implicated in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,In particular, FLS become highly invasive, whereas TEM cells proliferate and secrete proinflammatory cytokines, during RA.,FLS and T cells may also inter... | 1 |
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by a multifactorial aetiology and a complex genetic background, with the MHC region playing a major role.,We genotyped for HLA-DRB1 locus 1228 patients with AIDs-213 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), 166 with Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis (Ps + PsA), 153 with Rheum... | Neuromuscular transmission failure in myasthenia gravis (MG) is most commonly elicited by autoantibodies (ab) to the acetylcholine receptor or the muscle-specific kinase, constituting AChR-MG and MuSK-MG.,It is controversial whether these MG subtypes arise through different T helper (Th) 1, Th2 or Th17 polarized immune... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.,It is the second most common cause of disability in adults in United States after head trauma.,The etiology of MS is probably multifactorial, related to genetic, environmental, and several other factors.,The pathogenesis is not fully... | A variety of mechanisms have been suggested as the means by which infections can initiate and/or exacerbate autoimmune diseases.,One mechanism is molecular mimicry, where a foreign antigen shares sequence or structural similarities with self-antigens.,Molecular mimicry has typically been characterized on an antibody or... | 1 |
Cognitive and motor performance measures are commonly employed in multiple sclerosis (MS) research, particularly when the purpose is to determine the efficacy of treatment.,The increasing focus of new therapies on slowing progression or reversing neurological disability makes the utilization of sensitive, reproducible,... | Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may face barriers, such as treatment fatigue, memory problems, or side effects, that may influence their adherence to medication.,The objective of our study was to use an online community to develop a self-report questionnaire to quantify adherence and barriers to achieving adheren... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas.,Whilst it remains unclear what the original triggering factors for this destruction are, observations from the natural history of human type 1 diabetes, including incidence rates in twins, suggest ... | Type 1 diabetes can be overcome by regulatory T cells (Treg) in NOD mice yet an efficient method to generate and maintain antigen-specific Treg is difficult to come by.,Here, we devised a combination therapy of peptide/MHC tetramers and IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody complexes to generate antigen-specific Treg and ... | 1 |
The advent of new medications and new treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis has made it possible to achieve remission in more patients than before.,Furthermore, recent clinical trials and register studies suggest that some patients who initially required aggressive therapy may achieve biologic-free remission or... | The heterogeneous nature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicates early recognition and treatment.,In recent years, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that intervention during the window of opportunity can improve the response to treatment and slow-or even stop-irreversible structural changes.,Advances in ther... | 1 |
Intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANKRD55 gene are associated with the risk for multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis by genome-wide association studies (GWAS).,The risk alleles have been linked to higher expression levels of ANKRD55 and the neighboring IL6ST (gp130) gene in CD4+ T lymph... | Genome-wide study in Germans identifies four novel multiple sclerosis risk genes and confirms already known gene loci.,We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility in German cohorts with 4888 cases and 10,395 controls.,In addition to associations within the major histoco... | 1 |
At least half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop organ damage as a consequence of autoimmune disease or long-term therapeutic steroid use.,This study synthesised evidence on the association between organ damage and mortality in patients with SLE.,Systematic review and meta-analysis.,Electronic ... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) impacts multiple organ systems, although the causes of many individual SLE pathologies are poorly understood.,This study was designed to elucidate organ-specific inflammation by identifying proteins that correlate with SLE organ involvement and to evaluate established biomarkers of di... | 1 |
To report outcomes on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness.,From March 16 to April 30, 2020, patients with MS or related disorders at NYU Langone MS Comprehensive Care Center were identified with laboratory-confirmed or suspected COVID-19.,The diag... | •4.8% of MS patients fulfilled defined criteria for COVID-19-suspect group.,•Two patients required hospitalization; no intubation or ICU admission was reported.,•Patients on B-cell depleting agents had higher risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group.,4.8% of MS patients fulfilled defined criteria for COVID-19-suspec... | 1 |
Patients with incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus (iSLE) have lupus features, but do not meet classification criteria for SLE.,Type I interferons (IFN) are important early mediators in SLE, and IFN upregulation in incomplete SLE may be associated with progression to SLE.,Since many patients present with skin sympto... | A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and several related autoimmune diseases, is the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as well as elevated type I interferons (IFNs), which appear to be instrumental in disease pathogenesis.,Here we discuss the sources and pr... | 1 |
Beta-cell replacement is the best therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes.,Because of donor scarcity, more extended criteria donors are used for transplantation.,Donation after circulatory death donors (DCD) are not commonly used for pancreas transplantation, because of the supposed higher risk of complica... | Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who are recipients of pancreas transplants are believed to rarely develop T1D recurrence in the allograft if effectively immunosuppressed.,We evaluated a cohort of 223 recipients of simultaneous pancreas-kidney allografts for T1D recurrence and its risk factors.,With long‐term follow... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system, complex disease in which the environment interacts with inherited genes to produce broad phenotypes with inter-individual variability.,Of 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shown to confer genetic risk for SLE in recent genome-wide association studies, 30 lie... | Analysis of the ImmunoChip single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in 2816 individuals, comprising the most common subtypes (oligoarticular and RF negative polyarticular) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 13056 controls strengthens the evidence for association to three known JIA-risk loci (HLA, PTPN22 and P... | 1 |
Cambier et al. show that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 are required to maintain B cell anergy.,Many autoreactive B cells persist in the periphery in a state of unresponsiveness called anergy.,This unresponsiveness is rapidly reversible, requiring continuous BCR interaction with self... | Despite advances in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment, many patients suffer from the disease and side effects.,Atacicept is a fusion protein that blocks B-lymphocyte stimulator and a proliferation-inducing ligand, which are increased in patients with SLE.,In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patie... | 1 |
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