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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterised by islet autoimmunity and beta cell destruction.,A gut microbiota-immunological interplay is involved in the pathophysiology of T1D.,We studied microbiota-mediated effects on disease progression in patients with type 1 diabetes using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).,Patien... | Given the growing evidence of a link between gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and multiple sclerosis (MS), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), aimed at rebuilding GM, has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach to MS treatment.,To evaluate the viability of FMT for MS treatment and its impact on MS pathology, we te... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has a strong genetic predisposition and requires an environmental trigger to initiate the beta‐cell autoimmune destruction.,The rate of childhood obesity has risen in parallel to the proportion of T1D, suggesting high‐fat diet (HFD)/obesity as potential environmental triggers for autoimmune diabet... | There is currently scarce knowledge of the immunological profile of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in the adult (LADA) when compared with healthy controls (HC) and patients with classical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).,The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular immu... | 1 |
Interleukin (IL)-21 is a cytokine that controls the functional activity of effector T helper cells and the differentiation of Th17 cells, and promotes B-cell differentiation.,To test whether IL-21 participates in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), serum IL-21 level was measured and IL-21 expression in... | Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth due to dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis with SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La autoantibodies in genetically predisposed individuals.,Destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands by autoimmune reactions may lead to clinical manifestat... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with degeneration of pancreatic β-cells that results in an inability to produce insulin and the need for exogenous insulin administration.,It is a significant global health problem as the incidence of this disorder is increasing worldwide.,The causes a... | Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) is commonly reported in both children and adults worldwide, and growing evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency is associated with many extraskeletal chronic disorders, including the autoimmune diseases type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.,We measu... | 1 |
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia currently are considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 1diabetes.,Both acute hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, raising the oxidative stress.,Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has antioxidant properties, and evidence suggests th... | We evaluated the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) in relationship to vascular inflammatory biomarkers in preadolescent children with type 1 diabetes.,We studied 21 type 1 diabetic children (aged 8.3 ± 0.... | 1 |
Poor adherence to the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) may attenuate clinical benefit.,A better understanding of characteristics associated with non-adherence could improve outcomes.,To evaluate characteristics associated with non-adherence to injectable DMTs.,Consecutive patients from fou... | Comorbidity is an area of increasing interest in multiple sclerosis (MS).,The objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in people with MS and assess the quality of included studies.,We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, a... | 1 |
Slower psychomotor speed is very common in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.,We propose that hyperglycemia is associated with slower psychomotor speed via disruption of brain activation.,Eighty-five adults (48% women, mean age: 49.0 years, mean duration: 40.8) wi... | Hypoglycemia is the most frequent complication of insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes.,Since the brain is reliant on circulating glucose as its main source of energy, hypoglycemia poses a threat for normal brain function.,Paradoxically, although hypoglycemia commonly induces immediate decline in cognitive ... | 1 |
To evaluate upadacitinib efficacy and safety dose response in Japanese patients with active RA and an inadequate response to conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs).,This was a multicentre, phase IIb/III, dose-ranging study conducted in Japan, in which patients on previously stable csDMARDs were randomized to receive ... | Final data are presented for the ORAL Sequel long-term extension (LTE) study evaluating the safety and efficacy of tofacitinib 5 mg and 10 mg twice daily (BID) for up to 9.5 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Eligible patients had previously completed a phase 1, 2, or 3 qualifying index study of tofaciti... | 1 |
During induction of trained immunity, monocytes and macrophages undergo a functional and transcriptional reprogramming toward increased activation.,Important rewiring of cellular metabolism of the myeloid cells takes place during induction of trained immunity, including a shift toward glycolysis induced through the mTO... | Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by autoantibodies binding to citrullinated and homocitrullinated proteins.,We wanted to study the expression patterns of these disease-associated protein forms and if the rheumatoid nodule and synovial tissue itself contain biologically active levels of citrullina... | 1 |
Cellular barcoding of 3′ mRNAs enabled massively parallel profiling of single-cell gene expression and has been implemented in droplet and microwell based platforms.,The latter further adds the value for compatibility with low input samples, optical imaging, scalability, and portability.,However, cell lysis in microwel... | Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract are significant causes of male factor infertility.,Ascending infections caused by sexually transmitted bacteria or urinary tract pathogens represent the most frequent aetiology of epididymo-orchitis, but viral, haematogenous dissemination is also a contributory facto... | 1 |
To assess the efficacy and safety of the type I interferon receptor antibody, anifrolumab, in patients with active, biopsy-proven, Class III/IV lupus nephritis.,This phase II double-blinded study randomised 147 patients (1:1:1) to receive monthly intravenous anifrolumab basic regimen (BR, 300 mg), intensified regimen (... | Type I interferons are pivotal in the activation of autoimmune response in systemic lupus erythematous.,However, the pathogenic role of interferon-alpha in patients affected by lupus nephritis remains uncertain.,The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of a specific interferon signature in lupus nephritis a... | 1 |
A recent kinetic model proposed a new individualized glycaemic marker, calculated HbA1c (cHbA1c), based on kinetic parameters and glucose levels that are specific to each person.,The aims of the current work were to validate the accuracy of this glucose metric for clinical use and evaluate data requirements for the est... | The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that a mean of 6.5 years of intensive therapy aimed at near-normal glucose levels reduced the risk of development and progression of retinopathy by as much as 76% compared with conventional therapy.,The Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complicat... | 1 |
Raman spectroscopy allows molecular changes to be quantified in vivo from the tissues like the retina.,Here we aimed to assess the metabolic changes in the retina of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).,We built a Raman spectroscopy prototype by connecting a scanning laser ophthalmoscope to a spectrophotometer.,We de... | How does the efficacy of ponesimod compare with that of teriflunomide in a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-comparator superiority study based on relapse rate, fatigue, magnetic resonance imaging-defined disease activity, tissue loss, and disability accumulation in patients with relapsing multiple... | 1 |
There is an unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy for treatments to stop progressive disability.,The development of treatments may be accelerated if novel biomarkers are developed to overcome the limitations of traditional imaging outcomes revealed in early phase trials.,In January 2019, the International Progr... | To assess the value of blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a biomarker of recent, ongoing, and future disease activity and tissue damage and its utility to monitor treatment response in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.,We measured NfL in blood samples from 589 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple scle... | 1 |
A three-arm, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial performed by the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group previously demonstrated that low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (2.5 mg/kg) preserved β-cell function and reduced HbA1c for 1 year in new-onset type 1 diabetes.,Subjects (N = 89) were rand... | To assess whether the detection of enterovirus RNA in blood predicts the development of clinical type 1 diabetes in a prospective birth cohort study.,Further, to study the role of enteroviruses in both the initiation of the process and the progression to type 1 diabetes.,This was a nested case-control study where all c... | 1 |
The novel coronavirus outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 first began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.,The most striking manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 is atypical pneumonia and respiratory complications; however, various neurological manifestations are now well recognized.,Currently, there have been very few case reports regarding ... | Glucocorticoid therapy is strongly associated with an elevated risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,The association between glucocorticoids and common non-serious infections (NSI) is not well studied.,A cohort of 16 207 patients with RA aged over 65 years was assembled using administra... | 1 |
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a complex disease with an autoinflammatory component of unknown etiology related to the innate immune system.,A major role in the pathogenesis has been ascribed to proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), and effective drugs inhibiting their signaling are bei... | Interleukin (IL)-6, a cytokine featuring redundancy and pleiotropic activity, contributes to host defense against acute environmental stress, while dysregulated persistent IL-6 production has been demonstrated to play a pathological role in various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.,Targeting IL-6 is thus a ... | 1 |
Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up in suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has regained attention in the latest version of the diagnostic criteria due to its good diagnostic accuracy and increasing issues with misdiagnosis of MS based on over interpretation of neuroimaging result... | Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory CNS syndrome distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) that is associated with serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG).,Prior NMO diagnostic criteria required optic nerve and spinal cord involvement but more restricted or more extensive CNS involvement may occu... | 1 |
The aim of this study is to determine a development of humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination in persons with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (pwSPMS) on siponimod, compared to healthy controls (HC).,Methods: In 13 pwSPMS taking siponimod and 11 HC, testing for SARS-CoV2 antibodies was performed after vac... | This cross-sectional study examines outcomes and risk factors associated with COVID-19 clinical severity in a large, diverse cohort of North American patients with multiple sclerosis.,How do patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have COVID-19 fare and are there patient and disease characteristics associated with wo... | 1 |
The autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis can mimic a variety of neurological disorders leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment.,In the older population, due to confusion with signs of the ageing process or comorbidities due to ageing, there are many underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed cases of myasthenia gravis.,A maj... | Myasthenic crisis (MC) is considered the most severe adverse event in patients with myasthenia gravis.,The present retrospective study was performed to evaluate the predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with MC.,The medical charts of 33 patients (19 women, 14 men) with 76 MC attacks from 2002 to 2014 were retrosp... | 1 |
The retinal ganglion cells (RGC) may be considered an easily accessible pathophysiological site of degenerative processes in neurological diseases, such as the RGC damage detectable in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with (HON) and without a history of optic neuritis (NON).,We aimed to assess and interrelate RGC funct... | Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are difficult to differentiate solely on clinical grounds.,Optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies investigating retinal changes in both diseases focused primarily on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) while rare data are available on dee... | 1 |
(1) Background: Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ɤ-linolenic acid (GLA) are well-known anti-inflammatory agents that may help in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.,Their effects were examined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; (2) Methods: Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were ... | The gastrointestinal barrier is - with approximately 400 m2 - the human body’s largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu.,This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious lumin... | 1 |
The interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) blocker tocilizumab (TCZ) reduces inflammatory disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but elevates lipid concentrations in some patients.,We aimed to characterise the impact of IL-6R inhibition on established and novel risk factors in active RA.,Randomised, multicentre, two-par... | In this study we aimed to investigate whether there are indications of premature atherosclerosis, as measured by endothelial dependent flow-mediated dilation (ED-FMD) and intima media thickness (IMT), in patients with very early RA, and to analyze its relation to biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, taking inflammati... | 1 |
Background: The safety and effectiveness of the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system that automatically increases, decreases, and suspends insulin delivery in response to continuous glucose monitoring were investigated.,Methods: Adolescents (n = 30, ages 14-21 years) and adults (n = 94, ages 22-75 years) wi... | Objective To determine the clinical effectiveness of real time continuous glucose monitoring compared with self monitoring of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes.,Design Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.,Data sources Cochrane database for randomised controlled trials, Ovid Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, lis... | 1 |
Reestablishing an appropriate balance between T effector cells (Teff) and Tregs is essential for correcting autoimmunity.,Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic CNS disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal degeneration, in which the Teff:Treg balance is skewed toward pathog... | Genetic studies of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have identified 50 susceptibility regions1,2 (www.T1DBase.org) revealing major pathways contributing to risk3, with some loci shared across immune disorders4-6.,In order to make genetic comparisons across autoimmune disorders as informative as possible a dense genotyping array, ... | 1 |
Previous studies have suggested that human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) might act as a pathogen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but epidemiological evidence of an association is scarce.,We measured anti-HTLV-1 antibodies among Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors to determine whether HTLV-1 is related to RA and whethe... | There are roughly 5 to 10 million persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) worldwide, and the safety of treating this population with biologics remains poorly understood.,An HTLV-1-infected 66-year-old female with HTLV-1 uveitis (HU) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis ... | 1 |
We aimed to assess food intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in patients with T1D compared with nondiabetic individuals.,This was an observational, multicenter study in 262 T1D subjects and 254 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects.,A validated food-frequency questionnaire was administered.,The alternate ... | Children developing type 1 diabetes may have risk markers already in their umbilical cord blood.,It is hypothesized that the risk for type 1 diabetes at an early age may be increased by a pathogenic pregnancy and be reflected in altered cord-blood composition.,This study used metabolomics to test if the cord-blood lipi... | 1 |
Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic master regulators, including mTOR, regulate adaptive and innate immune responses.,Resident mesenchymal tissue components are increasingly recognized as key effector cells in inflammation.,Whether mTOR also controls the inflammatory response in fibroblasts is insufficiently ... | To investigate the expression and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in patients with early arthritis who are disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) naïve.,A total of 50 patients with early arthritis who were DMARD naïve (disease duration <1 year) were prospectively followed and diagnosed at baseline... | 1 |
The aim was to compile the evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of diet or dietary supplements used to reduce disease activity in adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).,Searches were performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane.,Only RCT studies of diets, foods or dietary supplements, looking at ... | Prior studies suggest that fish may be protective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk perhaps through the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acid, but this relationship has not been clearly established.,Therefore, we investigated fish intake and RA risk by serologic status, age of onset, and smoking using a prosp... | 1 |
Treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has so far been based on retrospective case series.,The results of six randomized clinical trials including five different monoclonal antibodies targeting four molecules and three distinct pathophysiological pathways have recently been published.,Literature se... | To compares 3 different myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (IgG) cell-based assays (CBAs) from 3 international centers.,Serum samples from 394 patients were as follows: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (28), seronegative neuromyelitis optica (27), optic neuritis (21 single, 2 relapsing), and longi... | 1 |
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are skin diseases associated with eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrations.,Although cytokines are critical for the inflammatory process, there are single findings concerning concentration of IL-17 in bullous diseases.,The goal of this study was to assess IL-... | Th17 has been shown to have a pivotal role in the development of arthritis.,However, the role of IL-17 in the T cell-independent effector phase has not fully been examined.,We investigated whether IL-17 is involved in the effector phase of arthritis by using K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model.,K/BxN serum was transfer... | 1 |
Overnight hypoglycemia occurs frequently in individuals with type 1 diabetes and can result in loss of consciousness, seizure, or even death.,We conducted an in-home randomized trial to determine whether nocturnal hypoglycemia could be safely reduced by temporarily suspending pump insulin delivery when hypoglycemia was... | Many children with type 1 diabetes have poor glycaemic control.,Since the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) showed that tighter control reduces complication rates, there has been more emphasis on intensified insulin therapy.,We know that patients and families are afraid of hypoglycaemia.,We hypothesised t... | 1 |
The exact classification of Kawasaki disease (KD) has been debated.,Infectious disease specialists have claimed it as an infection with a classic immune responses to an as yet unidentified pathogen that localizes to the coronary arteries.,Others have favored an autoreactive hypothesis that KD is triggered by an antigen... | Despite their limited licensed indications, anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) agents are often used in clinical practice for an increasing number of auto-inflammatory diseases.,We conducted a national cross-sectional observational study from January 2011 to January 2013 to record the off-label use of such agents in France... | 1 |
T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus), which results from the irreversible elimination of beta-cells mediated by autoreactive T cells, is defined as an autoimmune disease.,It is widely accepted that T1DM is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms are still... | To discuss advances in our understanding of beta-cell heterogeneity and the ramifications of this for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its therapy.,A number of studies have challenged the long-standing dogma that the majority of beta cells are eliminated in T1D.,As many as 80% are present in some T1D subjects.,Why don’t these... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and end-organ damage.,Lupus nephritis affects up to 70% of patients with SLE and is the most critical predictor of morbidity and mortality.,The immunopathogenesis of SLE is complex and mos... | Objective.,This study is designed to observe the urinary tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) levels in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and to identify new biomarker of lupus nephritis activity.,Methods.,Study subjects were 46 cases of patients with LN (including 34 of active cases) who under... | 1 |
Approximately 200,000 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients worldwide receive B-cell-depleting immunotherapy with rituximab (anti-CD20), which eliminates the ability to generate an antibody response to new infections.,As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies might help viral cleara... | Recent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS).,MS appears to start as a chronic dysregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from complex interactions between genetic predispositions, infectious exposures, and factor... | 1 |
Prior studies suggest that fish may be protective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk perhaps through the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acid, but this relationship has not been clearly established.,Therefore, we investigated fish intake and RA risk by serologic status, age of onset, and smoking using a prosp... | The association between fish consumption and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear.,The aim of this paper was to summarize the available evidence on the association between fish consumption and risk of RA using a dose-response meta-analysis.,Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE through Dece... | 1 |
•Closer association of structural connectivity with cognition than standard MRI.,•Loss of structural connectivity associated with poorer cognitive performance.,•Higher functional connectivity associated with dominantly poorer task performance.,•Associations are accentuated in the default mode and the visual network.,•I... | Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), with a major impact on patients’ quality of life.,Currently, treatment proceeds by trial and error with limited success, probably due to the presence of multiple different underlying mechanisms.,Recent neuroscientific advances offer the potential to... | 1 |
Autoimmune β-cell destruction leads to type 1 diabetes, but the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear.,To help address this void, we created an open-access online repository, unprecedented in its size, composed of large-scale electron microscopy images (‘nanotomy’) of human pancreas tissue obtained from the Netw... | The single nucleotide polymorphism, rs1990760, in the cytosolic viral sensor, IFIH1, results in an amino-acid change (p.A946T) and is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases.,The impact of this polymorphism on both viral-sensing and autoimmune pathogenesis remains poorly understood.,Here, we find that human PBMCs ... | 1 |
To characterize the accrual of long‐term disability in a cohort of actively treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to assess whether clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data used in clinical trials have long‐term prognostic value.,This is a prospective study of 517 actively managed MS patients enrolled ... | There are a number of instruments that describe severity and progression of multiple sclerosis and they are increasingly used as endpoints to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.,We examined to what extent the psychometric properties of two accepted instruments - EDSS and MSFC - meet methodological st... | 1 |
Since the last epidemiologic review of neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO/NMOSD), 22 additional studies have been conducted.,We systematically review the worldwide prevalence, incidence, and basic demographic characteristics of NMOSD and provide a critical overview of studies.,PubMed, Ovid... | The discovery of a novel serum autoantibody (termed NMO-IgG or AQP4-Ab) in a subset of patients in 2004 has revived interest in neuromyelitis optica (NMO).,While the history of classical multiple sclerosis has been extensively studied, only little is known about the history of NMO.,In the present article, we provide a ... | 1 |
ALKBH5 (alkylation repair homolog protein 5), FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, are essential for the m6A mRNA modification.,YTHDF2 (YT521-B homology domains 2) called m6A “readers” can recognize m6A modification.,As the key enzymes of m6A methylation modificat... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a high prevalence in the elderly population.,The genes and pathways in the inflamed synovium in patients with RA are poorly understood.,This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to the progression of synovial inflammation in RA using bioinformatics analysis.... | 1 |
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an autoimmune endocrinopathy with severe and unpredictable course.,The impact of APECED on mortality has not been determined.,To assess overall and cause-specific mortality of patients with APECED.,A follow-up study of Finnish patients with APEC... | Type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE); the encoded Aire protein plays an important role in the establishment of the immunological tolerance acting as a transcriptional regulator of the expression of organ-specif... | 1 |
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have up to a 50-fold increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.,Recent advances in the etiology of vascular damage in this disease stress the interplay of lupus-specific inflammatory factors with traditional cardiac risk factors, leading to increased ... | Cancer and infections are leading causes of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after diseases of the circulatory system, and therefore preventing these complications is important.,In this study, we examined two categories of preventive services in SLE: cancer surveillance (cervical, breast, and colon) and ... | 1 |
A growing number of studies support that the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota, the immune system and the CNS are relevant for the pathophysiology of MS.,Several studies have reported alterations in the gut microbiome of MS patients.,In addition, a variety of studies in animal models of MS have sugg... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.,We and others have shown that there is enrichment or depletion of some gut bacteria in MS patients compared to healthy controls (HC), suggesting an important role of the gut bacteria in disease pathogenesis.,Thus, specific gut bacteria th... | 1 |
The effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on the immune system in multiple sclerosis (MS) are not completely elucidated.,In this study, an extensive immunophenotypic analysis of innate and adaptive immune cells of DMF-treated MS patients was performed.,Peripheral blood immune cell phenotypes were determined using flow cyt... | Littlewood-Evans et al. demonstrate that extracellular succinate leads to the propagation of inflammatory macrophage activation, providing translational evidence to support the development of GPR91 antagonists for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.,When SUCNR1/GPR91-expressing macrophages are activated by inflammat... | 1 |
Numerous rheumatologic autoimmune diseases, among which rheumatoid arthritis, are chronic inflammatory diseases capable of inducing multiple cumulative articular and extra-articular damage, if not properly treated.,Nevertheless, benign conditions may, similarly, exhibit arthritis as their major clinical finding, but wi... | Well-recognized for their role in vascular homoeostasis, platelets may play a major role in inflammation and immunomodulation.,Substantial data are emerging on the pathogenic involvement of platelets in inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune diseases, indicating the existence of crosstalk between the coagulation and inf... | 1 |
To evaluate the pattern of prescription and maintenance over time of concomitant methotrexate (MTX), and its impact on a 2-year clinical response in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with a first-line tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (TNFi).,The study population included all RA patients receiv... | To confirm the effectiveness and safety of the interleukin 6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a setting close to real-life medical care in Germany.,A multicentre open-label phase IIIb study was undertaken.,Patients with active RA with a 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28... | 1 |
The genetic basis of autoantibody production is largely unknown outside of associations located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region.,The aim of this study is the discovery of new genetic associations with autoantibody positivity using genome-wide association scan single nu... | IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), also known as MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5), is one of a family of intracellular proteins known to recognise viral RNA and mediate the innate immune response.,IFIH1 is causal in type 1 diabetes based on the protective associations of four rare ... | 1 |
High-quality epidemiologic data worldwide are needed to improve our understanding of disease risk, support health policy to meet the diverse needs of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and support advocacy efforts.,The Atlas of MS is an open-source global compendium of data regarding the epidemiology of MS and the ava... | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is known to regulate inflammation in a number of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS).,Although targeting of TNF in models of MS has been successful, the pathological role of TNF in MS remains unclear due to clinical trials where the non-... | 1 |
IgG4-related disease is a novel disease entity characterized by diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibrosis into multiple organs.,There is still controversy over whether some thyroid diseases are actually IgG4-related disease.,The objective of this study was to elucidate the c... | Thyroid dysfunctions are common endocrine problems.,They are often misdiagnosed, misunderstood, and frequently overlooked.,These disorders affect almost every aspect of health.,Most of them remain undetected because the clinical assessment alone lacks both sensitivity and specificity.,As it is not sufficient enough we ... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability.,The pathogenesis of RA involves a complex network of various cytokines and cells that trigger synovial cell proliferation and cause damage to both cart... | Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction of salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes).,Autoantibodies, such as anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, are hallmarks and important diagnostic factors for SS.,In our pre... | 1 |
Reaching the therapeutic target of remission or low-disease activity has improved outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly.,The treat-to-target recommendations, formulated in 2010, have provided a basis for implementation of a strategic approach towards this therapeutic goal in routine clinical... | To assess the 1-year efficacy and safety of a regimen of tocilizumab plus methotrexate or placebo, which was augmented by a treat-to-target strategy from week 24.,ACT-RAY was a double-blind, 3-year trial.,Adults with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate were randomised to add tocilizumab to ongoing methotre... | 1 |
Previous studies of radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have used candidate-gene approaches, or evaluated single genome-wide association studies (GWAS).,We undertook the first meta-analysis of GWAS of RA radiological damage to: (1) identify novel genetic loci for this trait; and (2) test previously validat... | In clinical practice, non-medical switching of biological medication may provoke nocebo effects due to unexplained deterioration of therapeutic benefits.,Indication extrapolation, idiosyncratic reactions, and interchangeability remain challenged in clinical practice after biosimilar approval by the European Medicines A... | 1 |
In a previously reported phase II randomized, placebo‐controlled, interventional trial, we demonstrated that treatment with ustekinumab, an anti-interleukin‐12 (IL‐12)/IL‐23 p40 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, improved global and organ‐specific measures of disease activity in patients with active systemic lupus eryth... | IL‐38 is a newly identified cytokine that belongs to the IL‐1 family.,In our previous study, we found elevated plasma levels of IL‐38 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,However, the clear relationship of IL‐38 expression in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and clinical and laboratory... | 1 |
To compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving three-year conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARD), tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFi), and abatacept.,Patients with RA were recruited from September 2014 to February 2021.,Dual-energy... | Felty syndrome is a rare manifestation of chronic rheumatoid arthritis in which patients develop extraarticular features of hepatosplenomegaly and neutropenia.,The typical presentation of Felty syndrome is in Caucasians, females, and patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis of 10 or more years.,This case report... | 1 |
We aimed to investigate the influence of lean and fatty fish consumption on MS risk and to what extent a potential effect may be mediated by vitamin D.,We also studied the interplay between fish consumption, sun exposure, DRB1*15:01, and A*02:01.,We used 2 population-based case-control studies (6,914 cases and 6,590 co... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by an inflammatory process and demyelination.,The etiology of the disease is still not fully understood.,Therefore, finding new etiological factors is of such crucial importance.,It is suspected that the development of... | 1 |
Cytokines are soluble factors that play vital roles in systemic function due to their ability to initiate and mediate cell-to-cell communication.,Another important mechanism of intercellular communication that has gained significant attention in the past 10 years is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs).,EVs are ... | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown origin affecting virtually all organ systems.,Beyond genetic and environmental factors, cytokine imbalances contribute to immune dysfunction, trigger inflammation, and induce organ damage.,The key cytokine that is involved in SLE pathogenesis is int... | 1 |
•Cladribine is a highly effective, recently available treatment in multiple sclerosis.,•This case report describes a patient with a mild COVID-19 infection during second year treatment with cladribine.,•Normal immune response with detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV2 three months after the infection.,Cladribine is a high... | •First case report of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a multiple sclerosis patient under fingolimod treatment.,•The patient revealed severe bilateral interstitial pneumonia on chest CT scan, but recovered rapidly.,•It is important to further investigate potential risks and therapeutic effects of fingolimod in CO... | 1 |
The aim of this prospective nationwide study was to examine antenatal pregnancy care and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and to describe changes since 2002/2003.,This national population-based cohort included 3036 pregnant women with diabetes from 155 maternity clinics in England and Wales ... | To implement and evaluate a regional prepregnancy care program in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.,Prepregnancy care was promoted among patients and health professionals and delivered across 10 regional maternity units.,A prospective cohort study of 680 pregnancies in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes was per... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of which the pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood.,Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) has an immune regulatory role.,Neuropilin1 (NRP1), the primary receptor for Sema3A, is also a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165).,It has been shown that Sema... | In addition to its direct proinflammatory activity, extracellular high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) can strongly enhance the cytokine response evoked by other proinflammatory molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG-DNA and IL-1β, through the formation of complexes.,Extracellular HMGB1 is abundant in ar... | 1 |
Trials of immune therapies in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) have shown success, but not all subjects respond, and the duration of response is limited.,Our aim was to determine whether two courses of teplizumab, an Fc receptor-nonbinding anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, reduces the decline in C-peptide levels in patients... | To evaluate the long-term intervention effects of oral insulin on the development of type 1 diabetes and to assess the rate of progression to type 1 diabetes before and after oral insulin treatment was stopped in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1).,The follow-up included subjects who participated in the early... | 1 |
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are a major cell population of the pannus that invades cartilage and bone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,FLS resistance to apoptosis is a major characteristic of RA.,The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) ce... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex and not fully understood autoimmune disease associated with multijoint damage.,The main effector cells, the synovial fibroblasts, are apoptosis resistant and hyperplastic which indicate that autophagy level is high in synovial tissue.,Real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and wester... | 1 |
Complement is a key component of the innate immune system; however, its dysregulation due to genetic mutations or the presence of autoantibodies can cause a number of diseases including age-related macular degeneration, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and C3 glomerulopathy.,The alternative pathway acts as an ampli... | IKZF1 and IKZF3 (encoding transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos) are susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,The pharmacology of iberdomide (CC-220), a cereblon (CRBN) modulator targeting Ikaros and Aiolos, was studied in SLE patient cells and in a phase 1 healthy volunteer study.,CRBN, IKZF1 and ... | 1 |
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text,Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with serious social and economic burden.,Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, and clinical trials in the past decade have shown good prospects for the treat... | To assess the therapy-related risk of malignancies in mitoxantrone-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.,This retrospective observational cohort study included all mitoxantrone-treated patients with multiple sclerosis seen at our department between 1994 and 2007.,We collected follow-up information on medically conf... | 1 |
Genome-wide association studies have associated thousands of genetic variants with complex traits and diseases, but pinpointing the causal variant(s) among those in tight linkage disequilibrium with each associated variant remains a major challenge.,Here, we use seven experimental assays to characterize all common vari... | Genome-wide association studies have been tremendously successful in identifying genetic variants associated with complex diseases.,The majority of association signals are intergenic and evidence is accumulating that a high proportion of signals lie in enhancer regions.,We use Capture Hi-C to investigate, for the first... | 1 |
We and others previously reported the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the pancreas of NOD mice, where they play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes.,Our aims here are to investigate whether TLOs are present in the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes and to characterise their distinctive... | Studies in type 1 diabetes indicate potential disease heterogeneity, notably in the rate of β-cell loss, responsiveness to immunotherapies, and, in limited studies, islet pathology.,We sought evidence for different immunological phenotypes using two approaches.,First, we defined blood autoimmune response phenotypes by ... | 1 |
Comprehensive, up-to-date review of RA-associated lung diseases including pathogenesis and managementhttp://ow.ly/FBaNZ | Mucosal surfaces play a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Several risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, and periodontitis interact with the host at the mucosal level, triggering immune system activation.,Moreover, the alteration of microbiota homeostasis is gaini... | 1 |
MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image interpretation has contributed to misdiagnosis.,Filippi et al. provide a practical guide to the proper recognition of multiple sclerosis lesions, including a thorough description and illustration of typical MRI features, as well as a... | To examine the feasibility and value of 7 T 3D T2-weighted Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) and Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) MR sequences for lesion detection in multiple sclerosis (MS).,High-resolution 3D-FLAIR and 3D-DIR MR sequences at 7 T were obtained using magnetisation preparation (MP), and compare... | 1 |
Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, it is commonly accepted that environmental factors could contribute to the disease.,The objective of this study was to analyze the humoral response to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6A/B and cytomegalovirus, and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ... | We have compared gut microbiomes in the different stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on both microbial and functional analyses using fecal samples.,Together with microbial composition data, metagenomic functional and metabolite data revealed a reduced level of microbial butyrate and propionate biosynthesis in the ... | 1 |
IgG subclass 4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by increased serum levels of IgG4 and infiltration of biliary, pancreatic, and other tissues by IgG4-positive plasma cells.,We assessed the prevalence of allergy and/or atopy, serum, and tissue IgE antibodies, and blood and tissue eosinophils in patients with Ig... | Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease targeting aquaporin 4 (AQP4), localized mainly at the astrocytic foot processes.,Loss of AQP4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was reported, but the pathological significance of astrocytopathy is still controversial.,Here we show that active lesions in NMO d... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients carry a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.,The excess of cardiovascular disease cannot be entirely explained by traditional risk factors and the immune system contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.,Moreover, post-translational modifications such as citrul... | Inflammation, as a feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leads to the activation of endothelial cells (ECs).,Activated ECs induce atherosclerosis through an increased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules.,Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is recognized as a failure of endothelial repair mechanisms.,It is also an early... | 1 |
Objectives: To assess whether the histopathological features of the synovium before starting treatment with the TNFi certolizumab-pegol could predict clinical outcome and examine the modulation of histopathology by treatment.,Methods: Thirty-seven RA patients fulfilling UK NICE guidelines for biologic therapy were enro... | Droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq has emerged as a powerful technique for massively parallel cellular profiling.,While this approach offers the exciting promise to deconvolute cellular heterogeneity in diseased tissues, the lack of cost-effective and user-friendly instrumentation has hindered widespread adoption of dro... | 1 |
This article seeks to determine whether factors related to autoimmunity risk remain significant after the initiation of two or more diabetes-related autoantibodies and continue to contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk among autoantibody-positive children in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TE... | Insights from prospective, longitudinal studies of individuals at risk for developing type 1 diabetes have demonstrated that the disease is a continuum that progresses sequentially at variable but predictable rates through distinct identifiable stages prior to the onset of symptoms.,Stage 1 is defined as the presence o... | 1 |
This report aims to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of subcutaneous golimumab in active polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (polyJIA).,In this three-part randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled withdrawal trial, all patients received open-label golimumab (30 mg/m2 of body su... | The efficacy and safety of abatacept in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who experienced an inadequate response to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs were previously established in a phase III study that included a 4‐month open‐label lead‐in period, a 6‐month double‐blind withdrawal period, and a lo... | 1 |
Spinal cord pathology is a feature of both neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).,While subclinical disease activity has been described in MS using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measures, current evidence suggests that neurodegeneration is absent betwee... | To assess neuroprotection and remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), we applied a more robust myelin water imaging (MWI) processing technique, including spatial priors into image reconstruction, which allows for lower SNR, less averages and shorter acquisition times.,We sought to evaluate this technique in MS-patien... | 1 |
Success with B cell depletion using rituximab has proven the concept that B lineage cells represent a valid target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and has promoted the development of other B cell targeting agents.,Present data confirm that B cell depletion is beneficial in various autoimmune disorders and als... | To describe the baseline characteristics of SLE patients requiring biologic therapy in the UK and to explore short term efficacy and infection rates associated with rituximab (RTX) use.,Patients commencing biologic therapy for refractory SLE and who consented to join BILAG-BR were analysed.,Baseline characteristics, di... | 1 |
Immunglobulin G (IgG) sialylation represents a key checkpoint that determines the engagement of pro- or anti-inflammatory Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the direction of the immune response.,Whether IgG sialylation influences osteoclast differentiation and subsequently bone architecture has not been determined yet, but may r... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with hypogalactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG).,We examined whether a proxy measure for galactosylation of IgG N-glycans could predict response to therapy or was differentially affected by methotrexate (MTX) or TNF blockade.,Using a previously defined normal phase high-perfor... | 1 |
Podocyte loss has been reported to relate to disease severity and progression in IgA nephropathy (IgAN).,However, the underlying mechanism for its role in IgAN remain unclear.,Recent evidence has shown that IgA1 complexes from patients with IgAN could activate mesangial cells to induce soluble mediator excretion, and f... | Immunoglobulin (Ig) A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA1 and C3, often with co-deposits of IgG.,We attempted to clarify the clinical significance of mesangial IgG deposition in patients with IgAN.,We retrospectively reviewed 57 patients who were diagnosed with IgAN on the basis of patholo... | 1 |
It was found that antibodies (Abs) against myelin basic protein (MBP) are the major components of the antibody response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.,We have recently shown that IgGs from sera of MS patients are active in the hydrolysis of MBP.,However, in literature there are no available data concerning possib... | It was found that high-affinity anti-DNA antibodies were one of the major components of the intrathecal IgG response in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients [Williamson et al., PNAS, 2001].,Recently we have shown that IgGs from the sera of MS patients are active in the hydrolysis of DNA.,Here we have shown, for the first t... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS.,In this perspective, the author examines the strengths and weaknesses of the numerous animal models that are currently being used to analyze the pathogenesis of this disease with an eye toward the precise pathological aspect that each m... | In multiple sclerosis (MS), diffuse degenerative processes in the deep grey matter have been associated with clinical disabilities.,We performed a systematic study in MS deep grey matter with a focus on the incidence and topographical distribution of lesions in relation to white matter and cortex in a total sample of 7... | 1 |
To evaluate the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and the therapeutic mechanism and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade (satralizumab), especially with respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with the new in vitro and ex vivo human BBB models and in vivo model.,We constructed... | To determine whether distinct aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG lineages play a role in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) pathogenesis, we profiled the AQP4-IgG polyclonal serum repertoire and identified, quantified, and functionally characterized distinct AQP4-IgG lineages circulating in 2 patients with NMOSD.,We co... | 1 |
Fibroblasts regulate tissue homeostasis, coordinate inflammatory responses, and mediate tissue damage.,In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial fibroblasts maintain chronic inflammation which leads to joint destruction.,Little is known about fibroblast heterogeneity or if aberrations in fibroblast subsets relate to patho... | Droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq has emerged as a powerful technique for massively parallel cellular profiling.,While this approach offers the exciting promise to deconvolute cellular heterogeneity in diseased tissues, the lack of cost-effective and user-friendly instrumentation has hindered widespread adoption of dro... | 1 |
In this study, we examined the effect of oxidative stress on cellular energy metabolism and pro-angiogenic/pro-inflammatory mechanisms of primary rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cells (RASFC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).,Primary RASFC and HUVEC were cultured with the oxidative stress ind... | An increasing number of studies show how changes in intracellular metabolic pathways alter tumor and immune cell function.,However, little information about metabolic changes in other cell types, including synovial fibroblasts, is available.,In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are the most ... | 1 |
To investigate long‐term safety and tolerability of anifrolumab, a human monoclonal antibody to the type I interferon (IFN) receptor subunit 1, in patients with moderate‐to‐severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,This 3‐year, multinational, open‐label extension study included adult patients who completed treatment (... | To examine the effects of treatment with belimumab on corticosteroid dose in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over 52 weeks in 2 randomized, controlled trials.,Data on patients who were taking corticosteroids at baseline in the Study of Belimumab in Subjects with SLE trials were pooled post hoc to compa... | 1 |
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the B cell hyperactivation, lymphocyte infiltration, and tissue damage of exocrine glands.,It can also present life-threatening extraglandular manifestations, such as pulmonary and hepatic involvement, renal inflammation and marginal zone ... | Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were considered to be the major IFNα source in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but their phenotype and function in different disease status have not been well studied.,To study the function and phenotype of pDCs in lupus-prone mice we used 7 strains of lupus-prone mice including N... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disease in humans and is characterized by the presence of hyperactive immune cells and aberrant antibody responses to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, including characteristic anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies.,We performed a cross-sectional ... | C-src tyrosine kinase, Csk, physically interacts with the intracellular phosphatase Lyp (PTPN22) and can modify the activation state of downstream Src kinases, such as Lyn, in lymphocytes.,We identified an association of Csk with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and refined its location to an intronic polymorphism rs... | 1 |
Immunglobulin G (IgG) sialylation represents a key checkpoint that determines the engagement of pro- or anti-inflammatory Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the direction of the immune response.,Whether IgG sialylation influences osteoclast differentiation and subsequently bone architecture has not been determined yet, but may r... | T cells from RA patients are hypoglycolytic due to insufficient induction of the glycolytic activator PFKFB3, resulting in impaired autophagy and reduced ROS production.,In the HLA class II-associated autoimmune syndrome rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4 T cells are critical drivers of pathogenic immunity.,We have explore... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex multifactorial neuropathology.,Although its etiology remains unclear, it has been demonstrated that the immune system attacks myelin, leading to demyelination and axonal damage.,The involvement of lipids as one of the main components of myelin sheaths in MS and other demyelinating d... | The mechanism of leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) across the highly restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains enigmatic, with paracellular TEM thought to require leukocytes to somehow navigate the obstructive endothelial tight junctions (TJs).,Transient interactions between TJ proteins on the respective l... | 1 |
The discovery of circulating antibodies specific for native podocyte antigens has transformed the diagnostic workup and greatly improved management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN).,In addition, their identification has clearly characterized iMN as a largely autoimmune disorder.,Anti-PLA2R1 antibodies are det... | Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common kidney disease reported in a variety of malignant diseases.,Search for an occult malignancy in MN has presented special challenges.,124 MN patients with a physical examination not suspicious for cancer underwent screening for an occult malignancy with either 18F-Fluorodeox... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with a wide range of clinical symptoms.,Enormous progress has been made in the immunological and genetic understanding of SLE.,However, the biology of disease heterogeneity in SLE has remained largely unexplored.,Human immune profiling studies, helped by rece... | To perform a molecular characterization of the C1q, C2 and C4 genes in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.,Patient 1 (P1) had undetectable C1q, patient 2 (P2) and patient 3 (P3) had decreased C2 and patient 4 (P4) had decreased C4 levels.,All exons and non-coding regions of the C1q and C2 genes were se... | 1 |
To understand organ function, it is important to have an inventory of its cell types and of their corresponding marker genes.,This is a particularly challenging task for human tissues like the pancreas, because reliable markers are limited.,Hence, transcriptome-wide studies are typically done on pooled islets of Langer... | Human pancreatic beta cells may be complicit in their own demise in type 1 diabetes, but how this occurs remains unclear.,One potentially contributing factor is hyperexpression of HLA class I antigens.,This was first described approximately 30 years ago, but has never been fully characterised and was recently challenge... | 1 |
In the past 50 years, variants in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), have been reported as major risk factors for complex diseases.,Recent advances, including large genetic screens, imputation, and analyses of non-additive and epistatic effects, have contr... | Neuromuscular transmission failure in myasthenia gravis (MG) is most commonly elicited by autoantibodies (ab) to the acetylcholine receptor or the muscle-specific kinase, constituting AChR-MG and MuSK-MG.,It is controversial whether these MG subtypes arise through different T helper (Th) 1, Th2 or Th17 polarized immune... | 1 |
Serum markers of inflammation are candidate biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS). ω-3 fatty acids are suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties that might be beneficial in MS.,We aimed to explore the relationship between serum levels of inflammation markers and MRI activity in patients with relapsing remitting MS... | More than one-half of the ~50 human chemokines have been associated with or implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, yet their actual expression patterns in the islet environment of type 1 diabetic patients remain, at present, poorly defined.,Here, we have integrated a human islet culture system, murine model... | 1 |
To identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) that predict response to Methotrexate (MTX) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.,DNA from baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells was extracted from 72 RA patients.,DNA methylation, quantified using the Infinium MethylationEPIC, was a... | Epigenetic mechanisms integrate genetic and environmental causes of disease.,Comprehensive genome-wide analyses of epigenetic modifications have not demonstrated robust association with common diseases.,Using Illumina HumanMethylation450 arrays on 354 ACPA positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases and 337 controls, we i... | 1 |
With genetics thought to explain only 40-50% of the total risk of type 1 diabetes, environmental risk factors in early life have been proposed.,Previous findings from studies of type 1 diabetes incidence by birthweight and gestational age at birth have been inconsistent.,This study aimed to investigate the relationship... | During the past few decades, a rapidly increasing incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported from many parts of the world.,The change over time has been partly explained by changes in lifestyle causing rapid early growth and weight development.,The current study models and analyzes the time trend by... | 1 |
Continuous exercise (CON) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can be safely performed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).,Additionally, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may serve as a tool to reduce the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia.,It is unclear if CGM is accurate during CON and HIIE at d... | In type 1 diabetes, small studies have found that resistance exercise (weight lifting) reduces HbA1c.,In the current study, we examined the acute impacts of resistance exercise on glycemia during exercise and in the subsequent 24 h compared with aerobic exercise and no exercise.,Twelve physically active individuals wit... | 1 |
Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric illness.,While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, synaptic autoimmune encephalitides with psychotic symptoms often go under-recognized.,Parallel to the link between psychiatric ... | While it is recognised that depression is prevalent in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), recent studies have also highlighted significant levels of anxiety in RA patients.,This study compared two commonly used scales, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), in relat... | 1 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease leading to considerable disability over time.,The disease can be characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid.,Microbial dysbiosis is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.,Increased systemic ba... | Interpretation of clinical trials to alter the decline in β-cell function after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes depends on a robust understanding of the natural history of disease.,Combining data from the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet studies, we describe the natural history of β-cell function from shortly after diagnosis thro... | 1 |
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate the association between severity of periodontitis and clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,Two hundred sixty-four RA patients and 88 age- and sex-matched controls underwent dental exam.,Additionally, clinical manifestations including disease activity... | Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been implicated in a number of autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,We examined the underlying signaling pathways triggering enhanced NETosis in RA and ascertained whether the products of NETosis had diagnostic implications or usefulness.,Neutro... | 1 |
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