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It is The Year 2025. Looking back over the last 10 years, Scotland’s successful progress during a decade of disruptive global changes stands out amongst developed economies …
How did Scotland transform from Fragile to Agile?
Blueprint 2015 is SCDI's view on this question our country must answer.
The Report focuses on the areas of underperformance in the Scottish economy - Productivity, Innovation and Internationalisation - which are underpinned by Infrastructure and Place, and the levers required to support stronger economic growth which is equitable and sustainable.
Click here to access & read the new SCDI Blueprint 2015 Report 'From Fragile To Agile: A Blueprint for Growth & Prosperity'
“The opportunities and threats before Scotland from global disruptive changes are stark and our economy must make the transformation from fragile to agile. Productivity is the principal driver of growth, and to succeed we must collectively tackle this head-on, including by addressing the key economic challenges of innovation and internationalisation. This is not an agenda on which government can deliver alone - we all must take a lead. Underpinned by infrastructure, both physical and digital, the connection of place and the skills of our people, we must meet the challenge of an emerging economy if we are to secure a prosperous future for Scotland. SCDI’s Blueprint 2015 presents a vision of how together we could forge and attain that future.” | <urn:uuid:d584135a-b3ff-4f15-91a7-bedd33815321> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scotlandstowns.org/_from_fragile_to_agile_a_blueprint_for_growth_prosperity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921374 | 289 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Popular: Beach holiday and cultural tours.
Islands: The popular ones are Unguja and Pemba.
Size: 16 – 31 Miles of the coasts of mainland Tanzania.
Climate: Tropical high temperature and humidity all the year. Average temperature 270C.
Zanzibar history dates back from 1504 where it was first invaded by Portuguese and remained so for about two centuries. Followed by Arabs and Europeans. However, the island is believed to be inhabited about 20,000 years ago. The stone town will offer you a glimpse into the history of Zanzibar.
Stone town has old buildings and houses with magnificent architecture, streets of sand and stone with some having more than 200 years old. Wooden door carved and decorated in Arab / Indian culture styles.
Shop various products and services such as fresh tropical fruits, spices, fish and vegetables in an old market that started to operate back in 1904. Though the majority of the population in Zanzibar are Islam, there is Christianity history, you will see the Anglican Church of Christ built by Bishop Steers in 1873 on the site where slaves were auctioned.
Other highlights of our historic city tour are; a visit to a palace built in 1883 by the sultan of the island (House of Wonders); the Forodhani Gardens where you can watch the sundown while you are tasting locally prepared dishes; Zanzibar pizzas and grilled seafood and Visit of the Old Fort – Built by the Portuguese.
In this tour you will know why Zanzibar Island is known as the “Spice Island”. Walk through the lush greenery of the island’s countryside, smelling and tasting a variety of ‘spices and fruits tempting the seasonal tropics such as peach fruit, pineapple, green banana, coconut juice, Dourian, sweet apple, litche, soursop and so much more ro mention. And spices, like cloves, cardamom, cinnamon, black pepper, turmeric, vanilla and nutmeg.
Along this you will also have the chance to see the iodine plant, heena bush, ylang-ylang, lipstick, cocoa and coffee trees.
Prison Island, also known as Changuu Island is the central island of the three visible from Stone Town located at a distance of only 30 minutes ride by motorized wooden boat. The prison on this island was built in 1893 but never hosted any prisoner so it was later used as a quarantine hospital for Europeans who were suffering from tropical diseases.
The most interesting part of this island is seeing the giant tortoises brought from the Seychelles by Sultan Said in the 1820s. Swimming, snorkelling, sunbathing or just relaxing are amongst other activities you can do and enjoy the peace that this beautiful island can offer
Jozani Forest is the only remaining natural forest on Unguja Island located 35 km southeast of Stone Town with an area of around 1000 hectares. There used to be antelopes and leopards in this forest. Currently, it is the habitat of red colobus monkeys and Sykes Blue Monkeys. The red colobus monkey is one of the rarest and most endangered species on the planet. Those in this forest are very friendly and love to be photographed. They can be approached and seen up close with the help of our guides. Other interesting features of this forest are the coastal evergreen bush, mangrove forest, grasslands and saline groundwater forests
This tour is done in a small village at the southern tip of the island (Kizimkazi) which is an hour away drive. The surface of the Kizimkazi canal is broken by the skimming arcs of wild bottlenose dolphins. Drive by motor boat to see the dolphins and if lucky is on your side you can swim very close with them; they are very friendly!
Note that the Kizimkazi dolphins are wild but there is 85% chance of seeing them. A small snorkelling trip is also part of this circuit (diving equipment can also be hired on the site). Don’t forget to bring your towels, shorts and swimsuits.
Safari Blue is a full day excursion and includes use of snorkeling equipment with guides and instructors, frozen sodas, mineral water, delicious seafood buffet lunch in Zanzibar which includes grilled fish, sea cicadas and squid.
Discover Minai Bay from Fumba village in southwest Zanzibar where you will board a traditional dhow to experience the beauty of the Minai Bay Conservation Area. You can swim between pristine white sandbanks, visit islets, and snorkel in coral reefs. Seasonal fruits will also be served.
When the tide is high, you can also explore the natural lagoon which is located on Kwale Islet. This lagoon is surrounded by a mangrove forest where you will swim for an unforgettable experience.
The surroundings of Mnemba are protected and magnificent, in terms of flora and fauna. You will snorkel here (equipment can be provided on request). Tasting of fruits and non-alcoholic drinks on board.
In the north of the island, to discover the activities of the locals: manufacture of nails for boats, manufacture of boats for fishing and for cruises. After having visited the village, we will go to the north-east of the village to enjoy the sea (swim).
Learn to cook local dishes from the local It’s a local. The class starts at the main market where you will purchase food items, spices, fruits and all the necessary ingredients for the activity. Then go to a local family to start the course by learning the preparation of the chosen dishes, according to the given menu. This is an experience of its own kind.
This tour will take you through aquaculture where you wll This visit the algae center which produces algae and transforms algae into cosmetic products. The center produces cosmetics based on algae and uses algae for food. | <urn:uuid:2225c2f3-90d2-4edb-851e-0aab9ffc549f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brilliantsafaris.travel/zanzibar-tours/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950632 | 1,258 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Transfer Group Venmo Ownership
Venmo is a popular way to transfer money. However, your account information may be shared with others in your social networks. You’ll need to make sure that your information is secure and that no one can see it. Venmo is quite safe and uses data encryption technology to prevent unauthorized access. The app offers two options for logging in: a PIN code option and thumbprint scanning for mobile devices.
You can also use Venmo for payments at restaurants, where it works like cash, but with a social twist. Instead of a traditional check or cash, Venmo allows users to send each other money with emoji-st\udded text messages. These messages then appear in a Facebook-style feed, but the dollar amount remains private. You can also control how much of your payments are public – you can choose whether you want them visible to everyone or only to friends.
Once you have created an account and connected with other users, you can send money directly to family and friends. In just a few clicks, you can also receive payments from friends. To send money to friends, you only need to enter their name, email address, phone number, and then click the Send button. The recipient will be notified by text asking them to confirm the transaction and send the money. The app is simple and easy to use.
Using Venmo is free. There are fees for sending money and making purchases. Venmo will charge a three percent fee if you use your credit card to purchase items. Venmo will pass this fee along to your credit card company so that you can avoid paying it. Furthermore, if you use other means to send money, Venmo won’t charge you any fees at all.
You have two options when sending money: instant or standard. Standard transfers take one to three business days, while instant transfers take just 30 minutes. Your Venmo debit card can be used to make purchases and deposit money into your bank account. There is a fee for using the Venmo Card, but it’s well worth it if you’re sending money to friends or family. How do you use it? You’ll be pleasantly surprised by the convenience and safety it provides.
Venmo’s fees and features are important to know if you’re new to it. You will need to find out if your bank account has a linked debit card that allows you to send money directly to Venmo friends. You can also visit their Venmo account to verify if they will accept your funds. The website has detailed instructions. You’ll want to know how to use the app, as well as what the fees are before making a payment.
Venmo is designed for business transactions, so it’s important to let your customers know if you are a business owner. Venmo’s downside is that you cannot make payments to other Venmo users if your personal account is used. This means that a personal account has a transaction limit. PayPal’s service for merchants is superior. If you are looking for a peer to peer payment system, PayPal is worth a try. | <urn:uuid:9f94fd2e-d187-4979-9136-9b1d7b227957> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apeiron-triz.org/transfer-group-venmo-ownership/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94465 | 643 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Ah, the beauty of summer in the northern hemisphere, a time to spend hours queuing at Dover or Folkestone if you are British, or waiting endlessly at security at Schiphol if you are Dutch, or trying to recover your lost baggage if you are flying anywhere at all. As heatwaves and forest fires rage across Europe, China and North America, we can all glimpse what a future amid the climate crisis might look like, and it’s not pretty.
But everyone needs a break, so here are a few ideas for poolside reading or beachside listening, one book to absolutely avoid, and a quick summary of the latest offshore news through two topical but classic films.
Book: Putin’s People by Catherine Belton (2020)
Subtitled “How the KGB Took Back Russia and Then Took on the West,” Belton’s book was published before the horrific Russian invasion of Ukraine this February. As a former Financial Times Moscow correspondent, Catherine Belton has conducted painstaking hours of interviews with key players to examine how Vladimir Putin rose to become Russian President, and how he has ruthlessly held on to power for more than two decades. She documents his ascent to the presidency, supported by a clique of KGB colleagues, amid a series of catastrophic apartment block bombings that killed hundreds of Russians in 1999, and which were attributed to Chechen terrorists, even though the evidence suggests that Russia’s own government might have been responsible.
The attacks, and the public shaming of a state prosecutor conveniently caught in a sex video in the middle of the election campaign, gave Mr Putin the opportunity to demonstrate his hardman credentials to Russian voters, who were sick of the corruption and chaos of the Boris Yeltsin presidency. First in 2000, and then over and over again, they have elected Putin and supported his vision of a national revival.
Reading this book with hindsight about the Ukrainian conflict makes it even more powerful – we see how Putin levelled Grozny in the Second Chechen War, invaded Georgia in 2008, and systematically eradicated all those who might challenge him, most notably the owner of the Yukos oil company, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, and the independent media in Russia. The uncompromising nature of Mr Putin becomes even more apparent with the Beslan school massacre and the sinking of the submarine Kursk. A disturbing pattern of lying, violence, and thievery from the Kremlin emerges. Opponents are assassinated or jailed, businesses are confiscated, and the Russian court system becomes a vehicle to enforce the president’s will.
Putin’s clique amasses fabulous wealth, funneling oil and gas revenues into the pockets of his friends even as standards of living for the average Russian citizen stagnate after 2009. Gazprom and Rosneft are treated as piggy-banks to be emptied of billions at leisure, as Belton documents.
The book has impressive vision, but the dizzying array of names and events can be confusing. Belton digs deep into what Putin did in St Petersburg in the 1990s, when he was aide to the mayor there, managing governmental relations with criminal syndicates at the port, and the funds for the import of food supplies from abroad. She covers in detail how Putin shut down and nationalised Yukos, and how Putin’s relationship with the west gradually soured, especially after the murder of the hedge fund lawyer Sergey Magnitsky in prison after he exposed a multi-million dollar embezzlement (here).
After 2014, Belton’s account does become a little rushed, almost as if every time she tried to finish the book, a new drama unfolded – like the assassination of opposition politician Boris Nemtsov outside the Kremlin, Russian involvement in the deepening war in Syria, the shooting down of doomed Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 by Russian separatists in the Donbas, the overthrown of his puppet ruler in Ukraine in 2014, and the attempted murders by poison of both a former Russian agent in Salisbury in the UK along with his daughter, and opposition leader Alexey Navalny. More depth on the last decade would be beneficial.
Belton’s book survived a defamation lawsuit in the British courts from the billionaire Roman Abramovich, who took issue with the description of the circumstances in which he bought Chelsea football club in London. As a result, 1,700 words were deleted and amended in the new editions of Putin’s People to accommodate the oligarch’s wishes. But the author and her publisher paid no damages, and the book is a joy – after reading it, you will be wiser to the brutal nature of the Russian regime, even before the missiles began to rain down on Kyiv this year.
Podcast: Londongrad by Paul Caruana Galizia (2022)
Whilst Catherine Belton focuses on events within Russia in her book, Maltese journalist Paul Caruana Galizia examines the story of Britain throwing open its doors to Russian oligarchs and all their lovely oil and gas money, which the English establishment was oh so keen to embrace. You’ll hear how posh, upper class, English public relations people, lawyers, and interior designers abased themselves at the feet of the rich Russians, turning a blind eye to the source of how the oligarchs’ money was acquired, just so they could benefit. With his lilting Maltese accent, Caruana Galiziam shows how Elton John, Anna Wintour, and other celebrities were only too keen to bathe in the reflected glory of the oligarchs, asking no questions, and enjoying the Russians’ champagne and caviar hospitality.
The podcast focuses on former KGB agent Alexander Lebedev and his son Evgeny, who ended up buying both the London Evening Standard and the Independent newspapers in the UK. Evgeny now sits in the House of Lords, as Lord Lebedev of Siberia. He was appointed to his peerage by Boris Johnson, against the advice of the British intelligence services, and is notorious for hosting hard-drinking parties at his villa in Umbria, which the Italian secret services regarded as red-light events where the Russian secret service likely gathered kompromat (compromising material) on the participants.
Needless to say, disgraced British prime minister Mr Johnson was one of the most eager attendees, sitting beside reality television star Katie Price as she flashed her breasts to the other diners before she made a toast to Mr Lebedev.
Lebedev père managed to make a fortune in 1990s Russia, and ended up owning a bank, a lot of shares in Gazprom, part of Aeroflot, and media interests in Moscow. He was quick to launch his clueless son Evgeny onto the British social scene before the financial crisis, throwing lavish social functions at his stately home in the country outside London, and endowing a charity. The only person he failed to charm was former prime minister Theresa May, who refused his entreaties for afternoon tea at his place in the grounds of Hampton Court Palace.
For an account of how cheaply an entire nation could be bought by Russian money, this podcast is superb. Don’t bother with the bonus episode on Boris Johnson, however – it’s a rehash of the previous episodes.
Book: The Mechanism by Vladimir Netto (2019 in English)
Subtitled “A crime network so deep it brought down a nation,” Vladimir Netto’s book is the go-to account of the Petrobras bribery scandal, which rocked Brazil from 2014 to 2021. This was known as the “Car Wash Scandal” (Lava Jato in Portuguese), due to the fact that the first money launderer to be apprehended, Alberto Youssef, was operating from an office above a modest garage in the capital Brasília.
Netto’s book covers the biggest corruption scandal in the history of Brazil, a scandal that saw three former presidents – Fernando Collor de Mello, Michel Temer, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – investigated and indicted for their involvement in the embezzlement of billions of dollars from the state oil company Petrobras. Directed by lead investigative judge Sergio Moro, the police task force used wire-taps, plea bargains, and extensive surveillance to bring dozens of Petrobras managers and directors, Brazilian politicians, and construction company bosses into court and prison. Hundreds of people were investigated and indicted, plea bargains were used to delve deeper into the corrupt network, and the Brazilian population was shocked both by the scale of the law breaking and by the fact that many of the rich and powerful participants actually went to jail.
At the centre of the scandal stood a cartel of sixteen construction companies that were rigging bids and passing bribes back to the political parties, which controlled senior appointments in different departments in Petrobras. Netto takes us step by step through how the net closed on the fraudsters, and their efforts to challenge the findings of Sergio Moro and his team.
The construction company Odebrecht was hit by fines totalling US$2.6 billion in Brazil, Switzerland, and the United States, and its CEO was jailed for nineteen years after Odebrecht confessed to bribing officials in a dozen nations with nearly US$800 million in kickbacks. The scandal then spread to other Petrobras departments and divisions, dragging in companies as diverse as Keppel in Singapore, Vantage Drilling, and SBM Offshore.
Like Belton’s book on Russia, Netto’s book on Brazil is packed with numerous names and details, which can be intimidating to the reader, but it is solidly grounded in research, dozens of interviews, and police records. It raises questions about which other national oil companies may be subject to fraudulent procurement procedures. I am sure regular readers will have some ideas, particularly if they are in Malaysia, the Middle East, Indonesia or Mexico. One big deficiency of the book is a lack of an index in the English language edition, which makes it hard to link across the text.
The Mechanism was thinly fictionalised into a two-season Netflix drama series in 2018 and 2019, also called The Mechanism, which several Brazilians have also recommended to me.
Podcast: The Last Voyage of the Pong Su by The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age
On Easter 2003, the Australian Federal Police made one the biggest drug busts in the nation’s history when they seized 125 kilograms of heroin that had been landed ashore on a remote beach in Victoria from a Tuvalu-registered freighter owned by North Korean interests. This was the Japanese-built, 106-metre-long, 8,000DWT Pong Su. Listeners with offshore experience will wonder why the drug smugglers didn’t invest in a decent davit and a proper fast rescue craft, rather than using an ancient derrick to launch a flimsy boat into stormy seas, a decision that cost one crewmember his life, his body washing up on the beach near Lorne on the touristic Great Ocean Road, with his crewmate on the run.
This excellent ten-part SMH podcast covers the police investigation into the ship, the drugs bust, and the ensuing court cases. Reporter Richard Baker examines the Asian crime networks and the role of the North Korean government in the supply of lethal narcotics to Australia. A lot remains unrevealed, however, especially on the domestic drug network responsible for bringing Pyongyang’s heroin to market once ashore.
The detailed SMH report shows how easily open registers/flags of convenience can be used by bad actors, as we have highlighted here. Australian readers will not be surprised to find that the Crown Casino in Melbourne played a key part in the saga.
Book: Innovations in Shipping by Peter Lorange (2020)
This is possibly the worst-written book about shipping I have ever had the misfortune to read. Badly written, badly edited, and often downright wrong, Norwegian business professor and “wealth consultant” Peter Lorange’s ego-trip is not worth your time or your money.
You’ll read how Lorange inherited a shipping company from a distant relative in the 1980s (like we all do) and sold a handful of platform supply vessels (PSVs) in the shipping bubble of the mid 2000s for a profit, which made him rich enough to believe that his success was all down to his own strategic genius.
Innovations in Shipping is littered with typos, arithmetic mistakes, and factual errors, which may provide more amusement for the reader finding them, than ploughing through the turgid prose. Lorange is slavish in his praise of anyone who has more money and more ships than him, and he lauds “Jacques de Chateauvieux’s ideas of what characterises a great company,” which is rather ironic, given the catastrophic bankruptcy of Bourbon.
One of the more hilarious (or ironic) lines is Lorange’s description that Bourbon’s sale and leaseback plan “created emotional dyfunctionalities internally,” when the correct conclusion should be that it led to the bankruptcy of the company and Mr De Chateauvieux losing his entire shareholding in 2019.
If you do manage to finish reading Innovations in Shipping, which I don’t recommend, you probably won’t be signing up Lorange and his phalanx of family members to advise you on your wealth. Whilst Lorange admits in the book’s introduction that he is a shareholder in shipping industry software player Marsoft, this information is barely mentioned in the text, but the endless plugs for a business in which the author has an ownership share are both tedious and arguably unethical. Even celebrity chefs and Instagram influencers can’t hawk their own products in their work in the manner that Professor Lorange does.
The cursory reference to Marsoft then going bankrupt at the end of the book really is the icing on the cake.
Film: Thunderball (1965)
Thunderball is a classic James Bond film with Sean Connery in his prime. The film is replete with jet-packs, underwater fight scenes in Scuba gear, and a bad guy, Emilio Largo, who feeds his enemies to a pool of sharks at his villa in the Bahamas. Agent 007 must battle the evil S.P.E.C.T.R.E. organisation, which has seized two nuclear warheads from a downed British jet bomber, and is blackmailing the world.
The film is definitely worth watching, and it is very topical. Three weeks ago, we reported (here) that embattled Middle Eastern fabrication yard Lamprell was facing a cash crunch and needed to raise US$95 million by the end of this month. UK-listed Lamprell was subject to competing interest from two of its largest shareholders, both based in Saudi Arabia. The largest shareholder is Blofeld Investment Management, which is named after the leader of S.P.E.C.T.R.E., managed by Osama Al Sayed, and holds just over a quarter of the company’s shares. On July 1, Al Gihaz Holding Closed Joint-Stock Company, which owns just under 20 per cent of Lamprell, and is controlled by Sami Al Angari, also announced it was interested to make a bid.
Now the two have agreed to work together to rescue Lamprell through a newly formed company called Thunderball Investments, which is a joint venture between Blofeld Investment, holding 60 per cent, and Al Gihaz Holding, owning 40 per cent.
Thunderball will offer Lamprell shareholders nine pence a share to take the company private and ensure it can receive fresh loans and capital.
“The offer values the entire issued and to be issued ordinary share capital of Lamprell – assuming the full exercise of rights under the Lamprell share plans – at approximately £38.8 million (US$46.5 million),” Lamprell said in its stock exchange release here.
Lamprell has confirmed that “various parties related to its proposed buyers” have agreed to a US$145 million bridging loan to support Lamprell until Thunderball completes its acquisition. The company is saved, employee jobs are saved, and Lamprell’s customers will get their partly-built rigs finished, but the other shareholders will get pennies on their investments as Lamprell goes private.
Film: The Manchurian Candidate (1962)
Directed by John Frankenheimer and starring Frank Sinatra, this is a classic film about a conspiracy involving a former prisoner of war, Sergeant Raymond Shaw (portrayed by Laurence Harvey), who was captured by the Communists in the Korean War and brainwashed to become an assassin. The twist is that Shaw is a sleeper who will be activated as a killer only upon his return to America. It was remade in 2004 with Denzel Washington in the lead role (Sinatra’s role in the 1962 film).
The film’s plot provides a neat segue to the rising threat to the western wind turbine manufacturers from the Chinese manufacturers. Rather than a deadly assassin in the form of a returning war hero, GE, Siemens Gamesa, and Vestas face the threat of a London-listing from MingYang Smart Energy, China’s biggest turbine maker. At the start of this month, the China Securities Regulatory Commission gave its approval for MingYang to issue 168 million new Chinese mainland shares, which will become about 33.7 million global depository receipts listed on the London Stock Exchange. Yicai Global reported that the secondary listing will raise about US$550 million (here).
Profitable Yangming is now bringing greater financial resources to its battle for market share against its loss-making western competitors. We covered the bloodbath in the segment here. MingYang says it will use 60 percent of the proceeds to enhance its production capacity, while 20 per cent will be utilised to to advance its international strategy.
The stakes in the wind turbine making industry just got a lot higher, as MingYang raises fresh capital. Will the new Communist plot succeed?
Italian readers might enjoy the 2021 book Oligarchi by Jacopo Iacoboni and Gianluca Paolucci (here). The book covers how the Russian billionaires also influenced the Italian elite.
The Guardian’s 2017 coverage of the Petrobras corruption investigation is here.
This anonymous commentator is our insider in the world of offshore oil and gas operations. With decades in the business and a raft of contacts, this is the go-to column for the behind-the-scenes wheelings and dealings of the volatile offshore market. | <urn:uuid:2f8f97ac-8ae8-47db-b649-83eabdd562a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/offshore-world/column-holiday-shorts-books-to-read-podcasts-to-download-and-topical-films-offshore-accounts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960727 | 3,891 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Posted on: 7 October 2021
Using any equipment with moving parts continuously without maintenance is a recipe for disaster. Your HVAC unit needs regular inspections and maintenance to keep it working efficiently. HVAC maintenance care can make a life and death difference, especially in extreme weather, or in a home with senior citizens and very young children. It is also important to stay ahead of trouble by fixing small problems before they turn into big ones. Regular HVAC maintenance saves you money in several ways:
Avoid Major Repairs
In a complex appliance such as the HVAC system, the interdependence of different components makes them vulnerable to contagion. A faulty component will cause problems for the next component and so on. Minor problems left unattended or improperly diagnosed can lead to failure of major components and expensive repairs.
HVAC preventative maintenance care aims to catch these problems and fix them before they spread. For example, clogged air filters cause the motor to work harder to move the air. Replacing air filters is very cheap compared to the hundreds of dollars you need to replace a blown motor.
Keep Energy Bills Low
A faulty HVAC unit becomes energy inefficient as it works harder to get to the set temperature. For example, leaky ducts and clogged filters impede airflow, which lowers the effectiveness of the HVAC's action. As a result, the HVAC takes more time and power to get to the optimal temperatures. This inefficiency is often unnoticed but may add up to hundreds of dollars per year.
HVAC maintenance care keeps the HVAC at peak efficiency even as it grows older. Simple actions such as changing air filters can make a big difference in maintaining efficiency.
Extend Unit Life Expectancy
Just as going to the doctor for an annual checkup extends your life by identifying and treating emerging problems, so does it work for appliances. HVAC maintenance care keeps your system working for the expected lifetime. You avoid replacement costs before the expected lifetime elapses.
Keep Your HVAC System Under Warranty
Most HVAC warranties require you to show your HVAC is well-maintained when making a claim. You can show the checklists and invoices from your annual HVAC maintenance care visits as evidence. It makes sense to invest a small sum to keep you shielded from major costs. This is especially true for some components such as motors, which can be very costly.
For more information on HVAC maintenance care, contact an HVAC contractor in your area.Share | <urn:uuid:163ada71-6999-49a5-9572-89effc2adefc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ajblognetwork.com/2021/10/07/4-ways-hvac-maintenance-care-saves-you-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.937726 | 521 | 1.507813 | 2 |
So you’ve decided that you’d like to learn how to drum – congratulations! One of the first things that you might decide on as a new drummer is the kind of music that you’d like to play and what drum kit you’d like to use.
However, you might have decided that rock n roll drumming is for you, or maybe you’ve found a group of friends who would like to form a group, and have you as their drummer?
This article outlines some of the basics of rock n roll drumming, and some of the things to look out for when buying a rock n roll drum kit.
The Configuration Of Rock N Roll Drums
Although they are called rock n roll drums, in essence, such drums are just part of a standard drum kit.
What makes standard drums rock n roll drums, therefore, is their configuration, with one common configuration having been popularised by rock groups during the 1970s and 1980s.
Of course, that’s not to say you can’t personalise how you configure your own drum set – self-expression is, after all, a key part of playing any musical instrument! So you should feel free to set up your drum kit as and how you wish according to your own needs.
However, if you’re new to learning how to drum, or would like some further guidance to help you on your way, then it can be helpful to know what a rock drum set might look like.
For instance, you might expect to see:
- A 22-inch bass drum;
- A 12-inch alto tom;
- A 13-inch medium tom;
- A 16-inch floor tom; and
- A 14-inch snare drum.
The alto and medium toms are suspended, while the floor tom stands on the floor.
Additionally, it’s not uncommon to find a hi-hat, a ride cymbal, and a crash cymbal when it comes to rock, punk, or blues music.
What’s more, every drummer is free to change up the configuration of their drum set. For example, you could add extra cymbals, or make use of a snare drum.
The best way to find a configuration that works for you is to try out a few different set-ups, some common and some perhaps less-used, and see which result you like the most!
Search for different drum lessons near me on Superprof.
The Importance Of Having A Bass Drum When It Comes To Rock N Roll Drums
There’s no question that the bass drum has a huge role to play when it comes to drumming in a rock n roll style. Incredibly, you can find bass drums at enormous sizes, such as the 26-inch bass drum that John Bonham, the drummer in Led Zeppelin, used to play.
So if you’re looking at learning how to play rock n roll drums, it’s highly recommended that you make sure that you’re comfortable using and playing on a bass drum and focus your efforts on playing it well. This can even be one of the first things that you start learning to do.
The reason why it’s worthwhile getting to know how to play the bass drum is that, in order to create a rock n roll sound, it’s not enough to simply hit the skin on a bass drum.
For an improved sound, try to position your foot in the centre of the pedal, and make use of one of the two common ways to hit the bass drum pedal, which are as follows:
- The flat foot technique: This position isn’t too tiring as it’s the ankle that’s doing the work;
- The heel up technique: For a more rock n roll sound, this technique relies on your upper thigh and knees to drive the pedal, which should give a punchier sound.
Another tip to help you keep control when using the above techniques is to try to keep your foot on the pedal when drumming (i.e. don’t take your foot off it!)
If you’re looking for other ways to try and recreate a rock n roll sound when drumming, then a good idea is to try and recreate the way in which your favourite rock n roll drummers played. This should also give you some extra motivation and inspiration when it comes to improving your own play style and technique.
So whether you’re a fan of Travis Barker, Phil Collins, Dave Grohl, Keith Moon, or another drummer entirely, don’t be afraid to do some research and see whether you would fancy trying to emulate their drumming styles and kits.
Choosing A Drum Head
A drummer has a number of different roles to play, particularly when playing within an orchestra or as part of a group. For instance, a drummer can:
- Provide tempo;
- Play a catchy beat; and
- Make you dance!
Of course, these are just a few things that a drummer can provide within a group.
However, for a drummer to be successful at what they do, it’s also important that they have a drum head that is well-suited when it comes to that drummer’s style and the style of music that they like to play.
As a result, the type of drum head that you choose to use is arguably just as important as choosing which rock n roll drum kit you’d like to play on.
In essence, a drum includes a batter head, which is what a drummer actually hits, and a resonant head. The resonant head reacts when the batter head is struck and has an influence on the richness of the sound being produced.
If you’re looking to play rock n roll style drums, then it may be worthwhile opting for a double-ply batter head. This is because they tend to offer a more powerful sound, a better attack, and can last longer than single-ply heads.
When it comes to changing the heads, try to aim to change the batter head at least once a year. Essentially, you don’t want to get to a point where the head breaks and then you’re forced to change it – you should change it before it breaks.
Equally, try not to neglect your resonant head too much, as they can sometimes be forgotten about. If you can aim to change the resonant head every two years, then so much the better.
Of course, the more that you play, the more often you’ll likely have to replace the heads on your drums. Often, the snare drum is the most used, and so it may also end up being the drum head that you need to replace most often.
When changing the drum head of a tom-tom, you might also consider whether it’s worthwhile changing over all the heads on all your toms, as this may help to maintain a consistent sound. Of course, this decision is ultimately up to you, and whether your budget would allow you to change all the heads at once.
Choosing Your Rock N Roll Drums
When it comes to picking which rock and roll drums you’d like to play, it can feel as though the choice is endless.
For instance, there are plenty of factors to take into consideration, such as:
- Your budget;
- How much space you have for a drum set;
- What elements you’d like to see in your rock n roll drum kit;
- Whether you’d like to buy each element separately; or
- Whether you’d prefer to buy a ready-made kit.
As a result, one of the best things you can do when looking to buy a new drum kit is to do your research. Ask around and see which rock n roll drum kits have gotten good reviews, and which kits specialists would recommend you buy.
Also, take into consideration your ability level. If you are a relatively new drummer or a complete beginner, don’t feel pressured to buy an expensive, top of the range drum set when more entry-level drums will suffice. Equally, if you get the chance to try out the drums before you buy them, then so much the better.
Ultimately, the drum kit you choose should be one that will help you to play and get better at the drums and become a better musician. It also shouldn't put too much pressure on your budget and should be a set that you’re comfortable playing with, whether you're following a beat or playing your own drum solo.
The platform that connects private tutors and students | <urn:uuid:57a9b370-64d6-4f48-9b62-4e2b18133077> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.superprof.co.za/blog/rock-n-roll-drums/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956786 | 1,815 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Acceptable documents for Turkish citizens
The primary documents which are used for proving identities are the identity card ("Nüfus cüzdanı") and the passport. Since every Turk is obliged to own an identity card from the age of 18 on you should insist that presented documents is an id card or a passport.
A driver's license usually also is accepted but they do not have an expiry date and so you may be presented a very old (and easily forged) license. That's why I'd consider it a secondary document.
A birth certificate does not contain verifiable personal attributes, but since they are only handed out to the person in question I'd accept them as a secondary document.
Other secondary documents could be company badges, account cards of public transport authorities and the like. You should only accept those if they contain a photo of the person, you have seen those before and you have reason to assume that they are not easily forged.
Note on birth names in Turkey
The Turkish id card has a size of ?? x ?? mm, is of wich is blue for the male and red for the female.
The front shows the first and last name of the holder, first names of both parents, birth date and place, and an 11 digit ID number.
The back shows marital status, religious affiliation, the region of the country of origin, and the date of issue of the card.
Link to detailed description of the Turkish ID card id card and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_document#Turkey (Wikipedia as there is no good description on official pages).
- UV light ?.
There is an electronic passport similar to the European biometric one. | <urn:uuid:9c6928b0-6c31-4293-b7ef-99b9cd90a8eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wiki.cacert.org/AcceptableDocuments/Turkey | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93359 | 375 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Nanchang climate guide, China
Welcome to the Nanchang climate guide, which shows average weather for Nanchang, China. Check maximum temperature, the number of days with rainfall and daily hours of sunshine for each month of the year.
Nanchang climate guide: quick links
Maximum temperature (°C) in Nanchang
Days with some rain in Nanchang
Hours of sunshine in Nanchang
The Nanchang climate guide is provided by Weather2Travel.com. For more information about the weather in Nanchang, China including monthly rainfall, mininum temperature, UV maximum, heat & humidity and daylight hours visit the Nanchang climate guide page. | <urn:uuid:bad91a1e-d4e4-4263-84f7-63bc7c131499> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldclimateguide.co.uk/guides/china/nanchang/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.783551 | 142 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Napoleon is promoted to Brigadier-General
Following his victory at Toulon, Napoleon was appointed Brigadier-General and the inspector of defenses. His conduct at the Siege of Toulon demonstrated that he could be trusted with command and brought him to the attention of senior politicians, such as Paul Barras and Louis-Marie Stanislas Fréron.
Despite having been on leave for most of his service, with and without permission, Napoleon became a general at 24 after less than 4 years of active duty. He had spent 5 and a half years as a Second Lieutenant, a year as a Lieutenant, 16 months as a captain, 3 months as a major and no time at all as a colonel. His rise through the ranks, impressive though it was, wasn’t unprecedented in post-Revolutionary France that was severely depleted by immigration and mass executions. | <urn:uuid:72c66f7e-5db6-4744-b9f9-e1ae5dc35dad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lanakortchik.com/2016/12/22/on-this-day-in-napoleonic-history-22-december-1793/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.987991 | 177 | 2.46875 | 2 |
CITY OF STEM 2022 LINKS
Take your own 3-D Photo with any phone
All you need to take a 3-D photo is any camera and a subject that isn't moving.
A stereoscopic picture is actually made from two images - one from a left point-of-view and one from a right point-of-view. When you see the left image in your left eye and the right image in your right eye, you brain fuses the two into a single view, and interprets the parallax differences as depth.
To make your own 3-D photo, download one of these apps, take a left picture and right picture, and then choose how you want to view them, right on your phone screen!
Did you take a 3-d photo at the City of STEM festival? email it to us at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:342d7637-0463-47f1-ab02-2b0b61259997> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://la3dspace.wixsite.com/3-dspace/cityofstem | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927155 | 193 | 2.6875 | 3 |
rav·en·ous /ˈrævənəs, ˈrævnəs/
1. Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; as, a ravenous wolf or vulture.
2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite or desire.
-- Rav*en*ous*ly, adv. -- Rav*en*ous*ness, n.
adj 1: extremely hungry; "they were tired and famished for food and
sleep"; "a ravenous boy"; "the family was starved and
ragged"; "fell into the esurient embrance of a
predatory enemy" [syn: famished, sharp-set, starved,
2: devouring or craving food in great quantities; "edacious
vultures"; "a rapacious appetite"; "ravenous as wolves";
"voracious sharks" [syn: edacious, esurient, rapacious,
ravening, voracious, wolfish] | <urn:uuid:e2c84ac5-cd85-421a-89f4-262edac61677> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dict.tw/dict/Ravenous | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.669129 | 287 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Kavach is a Sanskrit word that means armor. It refers to protection from subtle negative influences. If you read about it on-line, you’ll find many references to a medallion or amulet with astrological symbols, numbers, or mantras chosen to protect the specific wearer.
However, what value does an engraved piece of metal have against anything subtle?
The texts prescribe that the item has to be properly “charged” by a person properly prepared. For example, they’re supposed to have a strong Jupiter and be spiritually developed. How do you verify that through an on-line store? It’s also worth noting the original texts were written in the dark age.
Similarly, Jyotishi’s (Vedic Astrologers) may prescribe gemstones or other remedies for difficult influences. But I’ve seen those prescribed incorrectly. They amplified the problem rather than reduced it. Not to mention the expense of gems potent enough to be useful.
Other texts suggest mantras or a yantra as protection. This would only be as potent as the user can charge it. And there is the simple principle that what we put our attention on grows stronger. If we devote ourselves to protection against evil, we may be putting attention on what we don’t want. Withdrawing our attention may be more powerful. This is why I talk more of culturing gratitude than being safe.
I can certainly see that some people may need a little help with energetic issues. But in that case, it’s useful to consult an expert and have them work on the specific issue rather than use a generic symbol.
In the Vedas, they talk of “mother is at home,” an inner sense of safety and security from developing inner being. When we know our infinite and eternal nature, many fears fall away.
As we develop in consciousness, a real kavach develops naturally. As we defuse our buttons and untangle our contractions, we remove weak points that can be manipulated and reactivity that can get us caught further. We come to radiate an inner light that is poison to darker influences. Love dissolves the hardest crusts.
In other words, a kavach grows gradually and naturally as we do. When the inner koshas can shine up through the grosser ones, we’ll have a safety impossible with an amulet.
Having a kavach does not avoid karmic consequences. But when they arise, they come without a lot of entanglement. They are thus simpler and quicker with less drama. Life becomes smoother and more enjoyable. | <urn:uuid:8fb4b444-7310-4572-a077-64f068a197bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://davidya.ca/2017/06/28/the-kavach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945347 | 548 | 1.71875 | 2 |
According to the Tick-Borne Diseases working group 2018 Report to Congress:
"Tick-borne diseases have rapidly become a serious and growing threat to public health in the United States. Despite many scientific unknowns, experts agree that the incidence and distribution of tick-borne diseases are increasing. Over the past 25 years, reports of Lyme disease have increased steadily with estimated annual cases approximating 300,000. The number of U.S. counties now considered to be of high incidence for Lyme disease has increased by more than 300% in the Northeastern states and by approximately 250% in the North-Central states. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recognizes 18 tick-borne pathogens in the United States. However, researchers and health care practitioners continue to discover emerging disease agents and new medical conditions associated with tick bites."
This presents a unique challenge for nursing staff in identifying, tracking, and understanding tick-borne diseases, their symptom, and treatment options.
The following course was put together with developed by the CDC and materials CDC public domain content, especially the pamphlet titled “Tickborne Diseases of the United States,” a reference manual for healthcare professionals, fifth edition, 2018.
In addition, other resources and videos not related to the CDC were used to write this course. A list of those resources plus the CDC website is included in the reference section of this course. Reference to specific commercial products, manufacturers, companies, or trademarks does not constitute its endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Government, Department of Health and Human Services, or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All materials on the CDC website are free of charge.
This course fulfills the Texas Board of Nursing's recommendation of completing continuing education relating to the treatment of tick-borne diseases.
Upon completion of this course, the participant will be able to:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Ticks That Cause Disease
Chapter 3: Tick-Borne Diseases and Treatments
Chapter 4: Tick Removal and Prevention
Chapter 5: Tick Bite Prophylaxis
Chapter 6: References
Brooke Lounsbury, RN, has over 26 years of experience as a nurse. Her primary field was in Home Health and Hospice until leaving mainstream nursing in 2008 to teach holistic health classes devoted to helping people empower themselves through education, public speaking engagements, classes, and coaching -online and in person. Topics include digestive health, fermentation, sleep hygiene, and the effects of our technology (computers, wifi, cellphones, etc) on our health and traveled to Austria to receive further training and is an EMF consultant and home assessment mitigation expert.
Her latest project is her "Intro to Writing CE", a course to empower nurses on how to write a continuing education course!
She is available for writing course consultations, and can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:739305a3-07b4-4fad-b858-8f4a980b4e83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pedagogyeducation.com/Courses/Tick-Borne-Diseases | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943358 | 587 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Vitamin C Cuts COVID Deaths by Two-Thirds.
(OMNS Oct 13, 2020) The world’s first randomized placebo controlled trial designed to test high dose intravenous vitamin C for treatment of COVID-19 has reduced mortality in the most critically ill patients by two thirds. The study, headed by Professor Zhiyong Peng at Wuhan’s Zhongnan University Hospital, started in February and gave every other critically ill COVID-19 patient on ventilators either 12,000 milligrams (mg) of vitamin C twice daily or sterile water in their drip. Neither the patient nor the doctors knew who was getting vitamin C or placebo so the trial was “double blind.” This is the ‘gold standard’ of research design.
Overall, 5 out 26 people (19%) died in the vitamin C group while 10 out of 28 (36%) receiving the placebo died. That means that vitamin C almost halved the number of deaths. Those on vitamin C were 60% more likely to survive.
The key measure of the severity of symptoms is called the SOFA oxygenation index. Those with a SOFA score greater than 3 are most critically ill. Of those most critically ill, 4 people (18%) in the vitamin C group died, compared to 10 (50%) in the placebo group. That’s two-thirds less deaths. Statistically this meant that of those most critically ill who were given vitamin C, they were 80% less likely to die. This result, backed up with a clear reduction in inflammatory markers in the blood, was statistically significant – beyond doubt. This level of benefit is much greater than the benefit seen in the randomised controlled trial on dexamethasone, the anti-inflammatory steroid drug that hit the headlines as the ”only proven treatment” for COVID-19. In this drug trial 23% of patients on the steroid drug died compared to 26% on placebo. However, there were over 6,000 people in the trial so the results were statistically significant.
But now there is another proven treatment – vitamin C. The Wuhan trial needed 140 patients to be sufficiently ”powered” for the statistics but they ran out of COVID cases during March, a month after 50 tons of vitamin C, which is 50 million one gram doses, was shipped into Wuhan and given to hospitalised patients and also hospital workers. New admissions into Intensive Care Units (ICUs) plummeted. Professor Peng ended up with a third as many as the trial was designed to include. But, even though the resulting overall statistic showing almost half as many deaths was not significant, the results from the SOFA oxygenation score and other markers were significant.
These results are especially important when case reports in American ICUs using 12,000 mg of vitamin C show almost no deaths in anyone without a pre-existing end stage disease already and also over 85, and a British ICU using 2,000 mg of vitamin C have reported the lowest mortality of all ICUs in the UK, cutting deaths by a quarter.
The best results are being reported in ICUs using vitamin C, steroids and anti-coagulant drugs combined, which has been standard treatment protocol in China since April. China’s mortality rate from COVID is 3 persons per million compared to the UK’s 624 per million, according to Worldometer data.
On top of this, reports are coming in from ICUs that are testing the blood vitamin C levels, that the majority of their critically ill patients are vitamin C deficient, many with undetectable levels of vitamin C that would diagnose scurvy. One ICU in Barcelona found 17 out of 18 patients had ‘undetectable’ vitamin C levels, akin to scurvy. Another, in the US, found almost all their patients were vitamin C deficient but those who didn’t survive had much lower levels than those who did.
Scurvy killed two million sailors around the world between 1500 and 1800. In 1747 James Lind worked out the cure – vitamin C in limes, but it took fifty years before the Navy took it seriously. So dramatic was the life-saving effect that sailors became known as ”limeys.”
Will the same thing happen with COVID-19? With over a million deaths worldwide and the potential of vitamin C to more than halve the death toll, every day our governments, digital ringmasters and doctors fail to take vitamin C seriously in another day of unnecessary deaths due to ignoring the evidence. This is not fake news.
It’s not the coronavirus that kills people with COVID; it is usually the immune system over-reacting against dead virus particles, once the viral infection is over, which triggers a “cytokine storm, ” something like an inflammatory fire out of control. That’s when very high doses of both steroids and vitamin C are needed. Normally, the adrenal glands, which contain a hundred times more vitamin C than other organs, release both the body’s most powerful steroid hormone cortisol as well as vitamin C, when in a state of emergency. The steroid helps the vitamin C get inside cells and calm down the fire. Vitamin C is both an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant, mopping up the “oxidant” fumes of the cytokine storm. Without vitamin C the steroid hormone cortisol can’t work so well. That’s why ICU doctors administer both extra vitamin C and steroids to get a patient out of the danger zone.
But even better is to prevent a person ever getting into this critical phase of COVID-19. That’s why early intervention, taking 1,000 mg of vitamin C an hour upon first signs of infection, is likely to save even more lives. This reduces duration and severity of symptoms, with most people becoming symptom-free within 24 hours. It takes on average, two weeks of being sick with COVID-19 to trigger the ‘cytokine storm’ phase. During that time, the patient is at risk of becoming vitamin C deficient and then developing acute “induced scurvy.” If you can beat the infection within 24 hours you’ll be out of the woods. You can lower your risk even further by taking vitamin D (5000 IU/d, or more: 20,000 IU/d for several days if you already have symptoms), magnesium (400 mg/d in malate, citrate, or chloride form), and zinc (20 mg/d) [7-11] Prevention is better than cure.
Pauling put the C in Colds and COVID
Much like Lind’s limes, twice Nobel Prize winner Dr Linus Pauling proved the power of high dose vitamin C in the 1970’s. [12-18] It is thanks to him we know about the benefits of high dose vitamin C. The cover of his landmark book “Vitamin C and the Common Cold” has a statement that reads, in relation to a predicted swine flu epidemic at that time “it is especially important that everyone know that he can protect himself to a considerable extent against the disease, and its consequences, with this important nutrient, vitamin C.” It’s been 50 years since Pauling proved the anti-viral power of vitamin C. Isn’t it time we took this seriously?
1. Zhang J, Rao X, Li Y, Zhu Y, Liu F, Guo F, Luo G, Meng Z, De Backer D, Xiang H, Peng Z-Y. (2020) High-dose vitamin C infusion for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19. Pulmonology, preprint. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-52778/v2
2. RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, et al. (2020) Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 – Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med., NEJMoa2021436. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32678530
3. Arvinte C, Singh M, Marik PE. (2020) Serum Levels of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in a Cohort of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients of a North American Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit in May 2020: A Pilot Study. Medicine in Drug Discovery, 100064. In press, available online 18 September 2020, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32964205 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590098620300518
4. Vizcaychipi MP, Shovlin CL, McCarthy A, et al., (2020) Development and implementation of a COVID-19 near real-time traffic light system in an acute hospital setting. Emerg Med J. 37:630-636. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32948623
5. Worldometer (2020) https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries
6. Chiscano-Camón L, Ruiz-Rodriguez JC, Ruiz-Sanmartin A, Roca O, Ferrer R. (2020) Vitamin C levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Critical Care, 24:522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32847620
7. Rasmussen MPF (2020) Vitamin C Evidence for Treating Complications of COVID-19 and other Viral Infections. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, https://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n25.shtml
8. Downing D (2020) How we can fix this pandemic in a month (Revised edition). Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, https://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n49.shtml
9. Castillo ME, Costa LME, Barriosa JMV et al., (2020) Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study. J Steroid Biochem and Molec Biol. 203, 105751. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32871238
10. Holford P. (2020) Vitamin C for the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, https://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n36.shtml
11. Gonzalez MJ (2020) Personalize Your COVID-19 Prevention: An Orthomolecular Protocol. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, https://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v16n31.shtml
12. Pauling L. (1974) Are recommended daily allowances for vitamin C adequate? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 71:4442-4446. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4612519
13. Pauling L. (1973) Ascorbic acid and the common cold. Scott Med J. 18:1-2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4577802
14. Pauling L. (1972) Vitamin C. Science. 177:1152. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17847190
15. Pauling L. (1971) The significance of the evidence about ascorbic acid and the common cold. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 68:2678-2681. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4941984
16. Pauling L. (1971) Ascorbic acid and the common cold. Am J Clin Nutr. 24:1294-1299. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4940368
17. Pauling L. (1971) Vitamin C and common cold. JAMA. 216:332. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5107925
18. Pauling L. (1970) Evolution and the need for ascorbic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 67:1643-1648. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5275366
19. Pauling L. (1970) Vitamin C and the Common Cold. W.H.Freeman & Co. ISBN-13:978-0425048535 | <urn:uuid:d3599161-9e68-4eb5-aaab-7c76049d0578> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.australiannationalreview.com/health/vitamin-c-cuts-covid-deaths-by-two-thirds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.902029 | 2,730 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Producing video content for the first time can be an intimidating process if you’ve never done it before. Just like anything else it takes time to gain the knack. Just prior to starting my first video channel on YouTube I did some research to figure out how to do simple video lighting and let me just say that this process rocks!
How to do Simple Video Lighting? Have your subject stand at a 30 to 45-degree angle from a large window. Then use a piece of foil or cardstock to reflect the light from that window and soften shadows. Finally, use a floor lamp to illuminate the back of your subject’s head adding depth.
There are many ways to provide simple lighting for your videos and they can be done on the cheap. You don’t need to be a lighting expert or empty your bank account. Here in the United States, you can visit garage sales, second-hand stores or even your own garage to find helpful items that can get the job done like a pro. In fact, if you really work at it, your total expense just might be $0.
How to Set Up Simple Video Lighting
If your aim is to set up video lighting like a pro but keep it simple – you’re in the right place. Below we’re going to provide you with some ideas on how you can set up simple lighting for your online videos without breaking the bank!
Simple Video Lighting with a Window
First, we need to “control” the ambient light in the room. Ambient lighting includes any lighting that is already present in the room before we make any changes. This lighting can consist of natural light from a window but also overhead lighting, accent lighting, and task lighting.
To start, we need to turn off all the lights and “reign in” the light from the window by using the sheers, blinds or any other window covering you may have access to. We’ll then start to “build” our lighting from this point. Once we’re finished, we may be able to add back some accent lighting for a nice effect.
If you don’t have access to an exterior window or you need to film at night, don’t worry, we have another suggestion below that can be used to get the job done. Having access to a room with a large outside window is ideal in order to keep it simple but it is not the only way.
Review the video below to see how natural light and a few items you may have around the house can be used to produce fantastic lighting!
Key Light Au Naturel
Natural lighting can be used to provide the key light (primary light) needed in your videos. It’s to our advantage if the window is large and has a sheer curtain for flexibility but we can also cover the window with a blanket or some type of sheer material if we need to. Our windows have white translucent blinds, so this helps to control the amount of light coming through the window on sunny days.
If we’re experiencing a cloudy day, we should have some nicely diffused light coming through that window… making it ideal for our video shoot.
Again, we need to have our subject stand at approximately a 30 to 45-degree angle from the window with the camera facing the subject. The light from the window, our key light, should illuminate the one side of the subject’s face while leaving the other side with shadows.
Filling the Shadows With a Fill Light
Next, let’s consider the shadows on the other side of our subject’s face, opposite the window. To help soften those shadows, we can use various items to reflect light from the window.
We can use several reflective items to get the job done, items such as foil, a mirror, foam core board, white cardstock and the like. We could also purchase a 5 in 1 reflector rather cheaply but it is not necessary.
Remember, the fill light is not intended to be as strong or bright as the key light but is intended to “fill” the shadows created by the key light.
In our case, let’s use foil. You can use tape, a stapler, or even a paperclip to attach your foil to a tripod or anything else we have that will allow us to bring the foil to near eye level of our subject. The foil should be facing the shadow-filled side of the subject and as well as the window We can experiment with changing the angle on the fill light to create differing effects. At this point, we should also consider softening the key light if we feel the light from the window is too bright – which can “wash out” our subject depending on their skin tones and clothing.
Do I Really Need a Backlight in My Video?
Next, we’ll consider the backlight or hairlight used to provide depth in our video. For this light, we can use a floor lamp or even a directional desk lamp to provide the ideal lighting we need. The backlight shines onto our subject from the back and illuminates the back of their head or hair typically… thus the reason why its also called a hairlight.
Technically, the backlight is probably the least important light in 3-point lighting. However, this light provides depth to our shot and is a nice finishing touch. It helps to separate our subject from the background visually and really separates us from the pack in providing our viewers with a quality video product.
The Background of Our Simple Video Lighting
Our background needs to be uncluttered and be free of distractions. Oftentimes, I like to blur the background in my videos which places all the attention on my subject.
Be mindful that light fixtures in your background aren’t protruding out of our subject’s head or other background pitfalls.
Another nice feature to consider is to add a few accent lights back into our background. These lights are not used to illuminate our subject but only to provide some interest behind our subject.
How Many Watts Do I Need for Video Lighting?
The amount of wattage needed for our video project will depend on the specific project. However, most often, the key light is the strongest light and is anywhere from 500 to 1000 watts. We often use a softbox that came with our lights that are 135 watts and it does just fine.
If our shot location is especially dark with no external light, our wattage will be much different than a brighter, sunnier location. A video shot in a bright area will need to have the natural light regulated and then a fairly strong light on the fill side to balance it out. However, we can get creative with this and test various angles and lighting… let’s make this our own.
Simple Video Lighting with One or Two Lights
If our video location or studio doesn’t have a window and we’re trying to keep it simple, we can use other forms of lighting. However, our primary light will need to be in the key position.
As stated above your key light is typically off to the side of your subject at approximately a 45-degree angle. This can be your only light when using something reflective for the fill “light”.
Get creative with lights. If we have access to a work light in our garage or a desk or floor lamp that is rather bright, we can use these items as a key light. However, be aware that those lights are typically rather stark, so we will most likely need to diffuse them by placing a piece of parchment paper over them.
If we have access to a 2nd light source, we can add in the backlight to further develop our scene.
What is 4-Point Lighting?
The 4-point lighting set up is identical to 3-point lighting with the exception of the 4th light. This extra light is installed low to the ground or above the subject’s head. The light illuminates the background while eliminating background shadows and providing greater depth.
What is Soft Light?
Soft light is diffused light, like a cloudy day. Soft lighting can almost give the appearance of no artificial lighting. The shadows are much less obvious than with hard light. Soft light is most often used with interviews as it is a more forgiving and flattering look. | <urn:uuid:31f2a7fb-eec1-4a8f-9520-6cb170ec0e4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diyhomevideostudio.com/how-to-do-simple-video-lighting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936573 | 1,734 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The Ones Who Walk Away
Full Title or Meme
How long can any one person remain in an ecosystem that depends on the misery of even one other person?
More editorials are written lately using the short story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas' where the well-being of the entire community of Omelas is conditioned on the suffering of just one child of its residents. On the surface everything seems to be wonderful, but one by one the citizens leave and no one needs to ask them why they leave. This story seems to embody the issues addressing the employees of the large social networks today that decide to ignore the suffering of the few for benefit of the employees and shareholder.
Everyone knows about the ethical crimes committed by the big guys like Facebook, but that big problem is the hordes of graduates from Computer Science schools like Stanford who treat the education as a prelude to an LPO. Most professions, including most engineering degrees, require ethical behavior to perform as a professional. Computer Science aspires to be a profession, but ethics appears to be entirely optional.
Some crimes against the social order, like fostering Anarchy, are couched in terms of personal liberty. Don't be deceived by block-chain schemes that people can prosper without a strong government that promotes the rule of law, society cannot prosper.
The question that everyone needs to ask themselves is: "Are my personal preferences more important than the survival of our human ecosystem?"
If you are part of any company that causes suffering while making money, be one of The Ones Who Walk Away.
- Andrew Marantz, Good Intentions, New Yorker (2021-10-25) p 20-21
- Ursula Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas in The Wind's Twelve Quarters: Stories (2004-01-01) ISBN 978-0060914349
- Ryan Mac and Sheera Frenkel Internal Alarm, Public Shrugs: Facebook’s Employees Dissect Its Election Role New York Times (2021-10-22) https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/22/technology/facebook-election-misinformation.html
- Daron Acemoglu +1 'Why Nations Fail (2013-09-17) ISBN 978-0307719225 | <urn:uuid:8bfa2a28-cb5d-4433-94a6-f16de3974ae0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=The_Ones_Who_Walk_Away&oldid=12994 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.90459 | 501 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Water Heater is a winter need and nobody can deny this reality. They are perhaps the most involved electrical machines in a family during outrageous climate conditions. With a few electrical brands in the market with various sorts of Water Heaters, one will in general become mistaken for which Water Heater to pick.
Best Water Heater in India - Pointers to find the best one
So how about we see, aside from heating water, what different viewpoints one should search for in the Best water heater in India prior to buying it.
1. Need of Electric Geyser
The size and kind of Electric Geyser rely upon how much boiling water is needed in your family. For instance, for a family of 2-3 individuals, an instant Electric Geyser will be satisfactory, while, for multiple individuals, stockpiling Water Heaters will be required. Additionally, buying a water heater according to your requirements will hold electricity and water wastage under wraps.
2. Water Heaters: Type
There are a few sorts of Water Heaters, for example, a stockpiling tank, instant, and gas, and so on Along these lines, it's essential to have lucidity about the sort of water heater you need according to your necessities.
3. Energy Efficiency of a Water Geyser
It's vital to search for an energy-effective Water Geyser while buying. So prior to buying one, basically search for the *star rating mark on the water heater. The most 'energy-proficient' heater will be with five stars. Likewise, contrasted with the customary Electric Water Heaters, the advanced tankless water heaters are considerably more energy-productive.
4. Water Heater: Highlights
Highlights are similarly significant when considering Buying a Water Heater. One should search for highlights like programmed warm removed, flexible indoor regulator settings; wellbeing valve for pressure discharge, glass covered heating component and rustproof external body among main elements of the heater. These elements will help the water heater perform better and guarantee life span.
5. Electric Water Heater: Guarantee
Try not to neglect this component when buying an Electric Water Heater. It is encouraged to not simply pick a water heater with the longest guarantee time frame, however search for a guarantee on the heating component and tank too while deciding.
6. Electric Water Heater: Wellbeing
Best to be as careful as possible! However water heaters are protected to use, there's no damage in looking for security when you're buying the machine. Check for the wellbeing valve which opens to deliver pressure on the off chance that the temperature gets excessively high. This is vital to save the water heater from blowing up and causing hurt.
These are a portion of the significant points to consider prior to buying an Electric Water Heater for your family. These points will help you in making the ideal decision. Notwithstanding, assuming you're looking for a brand that offers the Best Water Heater in India, then, at that point, you can go for Water Heaters.
How to turn on an Electric Geyser?
The technique to turn on the geyser is basic. You want to turn on the control button and set the temperature to the ideal setting.
What number of watts does a geyser utilize?
It relies upon the size and kind of geyser. An overall water heater might use around 4000 watts.
What is the best geyser temperature?
The helpful setting for a geyser is viewed as between 60 to 65 degrees.
What is the utilization of indoor regulators in geysers?
The main capacity of the indoor regulator is to keep the temperature of the geyser at an ideal level. When the level is accomplished, it cuts off the power supply.
What amount of time does a geyser require to warm water?
It relies upon the kind and size of the geyser. Capacity geysers might consume a large chunk of the day to warm water. An instant 1 liter geyser requires around 1 or 2 minutes to warm water. | <urn:uuid:1abdd1b6-1731-49b0-a24f-936876afc8f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://addandclick.com/read-blog/39085_best-water-heater-in-india-choose-the-right-one.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9277 | 836 | 1.554688 | 2 |
State Reference Map Missouri – . A map can be actually a representational depiction highlighting connections between parts of a space, like objects, regions, or subjects. Many maps are somewhat static, adjusted into newspaper or some other lasting moderate, whereas others are somewhat interactive or dynamic. Even though most commonly employed to depict maps may represent virtually any space, real or fictional, without the regard to scale or context, including in mind mapping, DNA mapping, or even pc process topology mapping. The space has been mapped may be two dimensional, like the top layer of the planet, three dimensional, like the interior of Earth, or maybe even more abstract spaces of just about any dimension, such as can be found in modeling phenomena which have many different aspects.
Despite the fact that earliest maps known are of the heavens, geographic maps of land possess a exact long heritage and exist from prehistoric times. The term”map” comes from the Latin Mappa mundi, where mappa meant napkin or cloth and mundi the world. So,”map” climbed to become the abbreviated term speaking to a two-way rendering of this top layer of Earth.
Road maps are probably one of the most commonly utilized maps daily, additionally sort a sub par group set of navigational maps, which also include aeronautical and nautical charts, railroad network maps, along with hiking and bicycling maps. With respect to volume, the best range of pulled map sheets will be likely constructed with local surveys, performed with municipalities, utilities, and tax assessors, emergency services suppliers, along with different regional businesses.
Many national surveying tasks are performed by the army, such as the British Ordnance study: some civilian federal government bureau, internationally renowned because of its detailed work. Besides location facts maps could also be used to depict shape lines indicating stable worth of elevation, temperaturesand rain, etc.
Watch Video For State Reference Map Missouri
[mwp_html tag=”iframe” width=”800″ height=”450″ src=”https://www.youtube.com/embed/gq4szm5Re0g” frameborder=”0″ allowfullscreen=”1″/] | <urn:uuid:cf6bea17-c507-4e8b-9f8c-314f654a0f9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://free-printablemap.com/state-reference-map-missouri/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921105 | 459 | 2.9375 | 3 |
July 22, 2019 • Fitness
Just One Minute of Exercise Works
Rejoice! Just a single minute of intense movement results in health benefits on par with much, much longer periods of continuous exercise. That was the conclusion of a report that is fantastic news for the millions of Americans who claim they “do not have enough time to exercise.”
For this evaluation scientists assigned 27 sedentary men to one of three protocols: 50 minutes of continuous cycling at a moderate pace three times a week; 10 minutes of sprint cycling three times a week to include a 2 minute warm up followed by three 20-second all-out sprints with 2 minutes of easy cycling between each sprint and then a 3-minute cool down; and no exercise .
Before and after the study the scientists measured a host of key health markers, including cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function, in all study subjects. The results were eye-popping. Despite the fact that they exercised for only a fraction (1/5th!) of the time relative to the continuous cycling group, those in the sprint cycling group improved their health markers to the same degree. The lead researcher commented, “Brief bursts of intense movement are remarkably effective.”
For those of you like me that suffer from time famine, note that these results can be translated into any form of exercise or day to day movement. The key is to go really hard for very small bits here and there. Running or bounding up steps that you encounter vs. walking up them would be a super-efficient way to build this great news into your day to day living.
Did you know you can sign up to take my Eat Right for Life e-course right now?
Click here to join! It may change your life. | <urn:uuid:b3dd3e4a-bbaa-4fb8-a68a-5d0897e2a9c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drannwellness.com/just-one-minute-of-exercise-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952545 | 362 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Individuals respond to Post Traumatic Anxiety Condition (PTSD) …Ptsd Therapist Bristol …differently. Living a life with this condition can be fairly difficult. Some individuals rely on alcohol or drugs to reduce this problem. Regretfully, this just boosts the typical symptoms. PTSD, or else known as Post-traumatic condition, is a problem that happens because of a terrifying occasion.
For the most part, it might be because of specific experiences or witnesses. Usual signs may include a sensation of anxiety and also uncontrollable ideas of the occasion. However, there are numerous types of PTSD These types are identified based on some research study.
What Are The Kinds of PTSD.
Fundamentally, Post Traumatic Tension Problem PTSD manage experiencing a traumatizing event. In many cases, PTSD might happen because of inherited individuality features. The kinds of PTSD are mostly based upon the sort of responses to stressful occasions. Right here are the types of PTSD:
Straightforward PTSD: A person with uncomplicated PTSD may be connected to a considerable traumatizing event. This kind of PTSD does not take care of several occasions. For instance, it might only be related to a specific crash or all-natural catastrophe. Furthermore, this problem may involve consistent persisting of the terrible event. Therapists may discover straightforward PTSD as even more uncomplicated to treat than the other types. If you have straightforward PTSD, you might experience some symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and mood swings. If you feel any one of these indicators, please consult a therapist. BetterHelp offers qualified specialists that can assist you through those difficulties.
Comorbid PTSD: Unlike various other kinds of PTSD, Comorbid PTSD manage greater than one mental problem. Individuals with this problem normally have chemical abuse issues. Comorbid PTSD is quite common since most people commonly battle with over one condition. Examples of such problems include depression, panic attack, and the likes. One more name for this condition is “co-occurring condition” since it co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Lots of people with Comorbid PTSD might be tempted to treat it by themselves by using medicines. However, a specialist might be the best option. Specialists normally come close to the therapy of Comorbid PTSD corporately aside from individually.
Regular Tension Feedback: This stress and anxiety response usually occurs before PTSD Sometimes, people with “typical stress and anxiety response” might not create PTSD. Nonetheless, some may have PTSD depending on how the specific obtains aid. Regular stress actions prevail, and individuals typically discover far better outcomes when dealt with early. These actions might occur as a result of events like health problems, surgical treatments, high quantities of pressure, and crashes. Among the most reliable means to improve can be from talking to an enjoyed one. Asides speaking to a liked one, treatment can be a decisive action also. A support group can additionally confirm to be helpful.
Acute Stress And Anxiety Disorder: This sort of condition also takes place prior to PTSD. It may happen in individuals that experience an event that made them feel they were mosting likely to lose their lives. Examples of such events might include the fatality of a liked one, near-death event, natural calamity, joblessness, and more. This stress problem commonly occurs soon after these events and also can wind up becoming PTSD. It still works as one of the common problems that result in the development of PTSD. The majority of instances of severe stress and anxiety problem last for a month. However, when it goes beyond a month, it might be called PTSD. Signs and symptoms of intense stress disorder consist of migraines, sweating, chest discomfort, palpitations, nausea or vomiting, as well as tummy pain. Thankfully, acute tension can be treated, too. Support groups, therapy, or medicines are common methods of treating this problem.
Complex PTSD: This kind of PTSD is various from the other kinds due to the fact that it deals with numerous traumatic events. A lot of individuals with this type of condition experienced abuse or domestic physical violence. In some cases, complex PTSD might happen in individuals who experience an unforeseen loss. Other occasions that might bring about complicated PTSD include constant battle experiences and also area violence. Symptoms of complex PTSD consist of nightmares, recalls, state of mind swings, and irritation. However, the treatment of complex PTSD might be quite various from other kinds. Borderline individuality, antisocial personality condition are various other possibilities of conditions related to complex PTSD. People might reveal aggressiveness, substance abuse, and also impulsivity as well.
Avoiding Stress Conditions Consisting Of PTSD.
Terrible events can be difficult to get rid of. Most people may discover it tough to stop considering these occasions. As a result of this, anxiety, temper, depression, and stress and anxiety might embed in. A lot of these feelings are indications of injury. Fortunately, most people do not develop long-term PTSD. If you experience any one of these, you might think about speaking with relied on member of the family or pals that could be helpful. Consulting a therapist will certainly also be a helpful action to stop PTSD.
Overcoming PTSD Signs And Symptoms
Post-traumatic disorders included numerous signs that present themselves as challenging to treat. Most people with this condition often tend to transform towards medicines or alcohol. These dealing devices are rather undesirable and also may result in other wellness problems. Not surprisingly, PTSD can be extreme, generally due to the fact that it raises sensations of concern, stress and anxiety, as well as anxiety. If you have challenges conquering PTSD symptoms, please seek advice from a mental health professional for help.
no strings attached and see how you like it um so what is better help better help is an online treatment service that is type of an option to in-person therapy a subscription to better help offers you access to a therapist essentially whenever and it includes unrestricted text audio and video messaging in addition to a weekly live session now I’ve attempted this out and my therapist said that you can kind of break up those weekly sessions however you please – so she said you can have possibly three 20-minute sessions or a one-hour session it’s sort of whatever fits your schedule and whatever fits your requirements the very best so I myself have actually tried it out like I said I have a therapist through better help and it’s actually truly easy communicating with them they have a website that’s very easy to connect with as well as an app on your phone that you can send instant messages through you can you can voice call through
you can even video chat through and it’s really truly simple to browse so I wish to speak with you a bit more about my experience with better help to kind of offer you an idea about what it’s like using it so it took me a while to discover the right therapist if I’m being sincere so um I tried a few therapists to begin with none really felt like a great fit which’s really crucial I believe even when discovering a therapist out in the real life with in-person interactions is that you need to actually operate at finding one who’s going to be an actually good suitable for you and there’s this it’s no exception for better help either so don’t hesitate to check out different therapists if the first one you get does not seem like the best fit you can keep browsing up until you discover like you have a really excellent rapport with the therapist. | <urn:uuid:8407ece0-51fc-471c-b02b-742656d6e433> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wigwam.info/ptsd-therapist-bristol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95779 | 1,538 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Introduction of EMCs
Export Management Company
Export management company is one of the export mediators, which helps economic agencies to enter international markets and increasing the export of goods or services. These companies manage the export activities of specially SMEs partially or thoroughly. These are companies are called EMC2.
Export management company is an independent private company which acts as a sales department for agencies. Export management company, which signs a contract with them to manage their export affairs, can benefits the partial our total representation of their products in global markets exclusively or non-exclusively.
Export management company should not be mistaken with the commercial companies which have no obligation toward the producer. Commitment and long-term relationship with producers and users distinguish export management company from its counterparts. It covers fields other than international marketing. It facilitates foreign trade therefore the agencies benefit entering global markets while export management company enjoys long-term relationship between producer and buyer which leads into non-oil export promotion.
The types of export management company:
Some of export management companies act like a representative. They search for foreign customers under the name of producer. In this case, the invoice is issued in the name of producer and the producer takes the risk of non-payments and takes decision on final price, as well.
Another type acts as an exclusive or non-exclusive distributor. Due to its knowledge in distribution channels, it determines prices for export products. In this case, it takes the risk of non-payments, whereas the commercial companies do not have any control an export prices and they buy the product from the producer directly and sell to the foreign customer with their favourite price. In this case, the commercial company issues the invoice and takes the risk of non-payments.
The activities of export management company:
Most of the export management companies make sales network in foreign markets. Even some have sales branches and stores. Most have representatives and distributers and trade mediators in each target market.
Signing contracts between export management companies and agencies:
The contracts are usually between one and three years and based on the types of the contract, the company can take annual membership or/and sales commission/ project fees.
Services of an export management company
-Marketing research for knowing target market
-Determining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the product
-Selecting efficient distributer
-Negotiating on required licences
-Training the distributers
-Offering customer services
-Providing required documents for export
-Determining precise fees for transportation and insurance
-Counselling for pricing
-Offering storage services
-Coordinating transportation affairs
-Managing risk and mutual commitment | <urn:uuid:e5b6b1eb-5c9e-4bef-850d-d78406c9cab5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.tpo.ir/Introduction-of-EMCs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939937 | 547 | 2.046875 | 2 |
New research, led by faculty in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences, suggests that photographs of your food are good for a lot more than just entertaining your friends on social media – those pictures might help improve your health and also national nutrition policy.
But before that can happen, universities that educate the dietitians who review the photos need to provide more consistent, formal training, particularly hands-on work in food measurement and preparation and the use of computerized nutrient database systems.
A shortage of formalized, standardized training in these skills is problematic, the study shows. Results were recently published in the journal Nutrients.
The research tested the ability of 114 nutrition and dietetics students in the United States and Australia to identify foods and determine serving sizes by looking at photos of food on plates. They chose their food identification answers from entries in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies.
The students correctly identified the nine different foods nearly 80 percent of the time but struggled with serving size; only 38 percent of the estimates were within 10 percent of the actual weight of the food, with foods of amorphous shape or higher energy density, such as ice cream, proving the hardest to assess.
Image-based dietary assessment, or IBDA, aims to reduce or eliminate the inaccuracies that commonly accompany traditional methods such as written dietary records, 24-hour dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires.
Dietary intake information is important both to individuals using nutrition-based therapy for conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, and to entire populations for identifying nutrition and disease risk.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses information from its National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to set policy for everything from school lunch programs to nutrition education for food-stamp recipients. The survey gathers data about dietary patterns and potential food intake inadequacies.
“We need to know where there are inadequacies in these surveys to identify nutrition and food policy and research needs,” says the study’s corresponding author, Mary Cluskey, an associate professor in OSU’s College of Public Health and Human Sciences and a registered dietitian.
With the prevalence of smartphones, photography is emerging as a means of augmenting food-intake information gathering. A pre-diabetes patient, for example, could take a picture of everything he ate for three days, and a dietitian could then analyze those photos to make recommendations for dietary improvements.
“If you’re providing me with your dietary intake information, you may not be trying to falsify the information, because you’re sincerely interested in improving your diet,” Mary says. “But I’m depending on your ability to recall what you ate and your ability to correctly tell me what portions and specific ingredients you had – there are all kinds of things that can make it go wrong.
“Images can facilitate your recall,” Cluskey says, “and they also prompt important questions from a dietitian: ‘Was that low-fat dressing or high-fat?’ Plus, images make dietary assessments more entertaining because people do like to take pictures of food.”
Students with a food preparation background that included cooking from recipes and frequently measuring portions performed better than those without that type of background, suggesting that future training of dietetics students should incorporate more of those types of experiences.
“We also need to work with people on their ability to take photos,” Cluskey says. “Shoot at a 45-degree angle to the food, preferably while you’re standing, and make sure you have adequate light. We want to make it as easy as possible for people to provide information that’s as accurate as possible.” | <urn:uuid:6a972f1e-72e2-4e3d-8cfe-d110e499102a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://synergies.oregonstate.edu/2017/point-click-eat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950917 | 785 | 3.171875 | 3 |
A SkillsCast for this session is not available.
You will learn to use tools such as Benchmark .NET to measure the performance of an existing application. These measurements will act as a baseline before begining to make high-performance optimisations. You will explore the latest C# and .NET Core features and APIs such as Span
By the end of this workshop, you will have a practical understanding of how to approach measuring code execution and memory usage. You will have applied modern techniques to refactor and optimise the code which you can use in your day-to-day work as a .NET developer.
For tutorial prerequisites, please click on this link here.
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Tutorial: Measuring and Optimising Application Performance
Steve Gordon is a Microsoft MVP, Pluralsight author, senior developer and community lead based in Brighton. He works for Madgex developing and supporting their data products built using .NET Core technologies. Steve is passionate about community and all things .NET related, having worked with ASP.NET for over 15 years. | <urn:uuid:2a16c7d4-cc43-4369-9476-e9fec5a42d77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skillsmatter.com/skillscasts/14015-measuring-and-optimising-application-performance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937849 | 343 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Rutgers-based SIDS Center Helps State Buck Deadly Trend Getting the word to minorities about safe sleeping practices for babies
While a large national study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) has shown that bed-sharing with a parent is increasing for African-American infants, putting them at higher risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), New Jersey’s black residents appear to be bucking the trend.
Barbara Ostfeld, a developmental psychologist and professor of pediatrics at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, is program director of the school’s SIDS Center of New Jersey. She credits the center’s research on New Jersey’s risk patterns and its robust outreach — especially to minority communities, where the practice is more common — for a 32 percent decrease in infant-parent bed sharing among the state’s black families.
The SIDS Center has an additional site at Hackensack University Medical Center.
Ostfeld has met with nurses from every one of the state’s 52 birthing hospitals, touting the benefits of the safe infant sleep practices endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). She also provides educational materials in
English, Spanish and other languages.
Trenton, Newark and Camden are among the cities her program targets in its efforts to change potentially deadly behavior.
“If you can think of an entity that serves children, we’ve been there: Head Start programs, child care centers, social welfare agencies, hospitals, community clinics, faith-based communities – any place where we can reach providers, parents, grandparents and all others who take care of infants” says Ostfeld.
She also meets with parent groups to learn more about concerns that may serve as barriers to using safe sleep practices.
SIDS is defined as the unexpected death of a child under the age of 1 in which an autopsy and death scene investigation fail to determine a cause of death. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 4,000 babies
die of no obvious cause every year; public health experts attribute half of those deaths to the syndrome.
Since the AAP began issuing guidelines to reduce the risk factors associated with these deaths, the rate has been cut in half. Even so, SIDS continues to be the leading cause of infant mortality from one month to one year of age.
Under a newly launched initiative called Nurses LEAD the Way, Ostfeld has been visiting birthing hospitals to give 90-minute presentations to nurses in newborn and neonatal intensive care units and to equip hospitals to spread the newest
safe sleep guidelines. The program is a collaboration of the New Jersey Department of Health and the Maternal and Child Health Consortia.
Premature babies are at increased risk for SIDS, Ostfeld says. While a preterm birth is generally beyond a parents’ control, how and where they choose to place their infant to sleep can compensate for a large portion of this increased risk.
In addition to placing babies on their backs in their own cribs to sleep, the AAP urges caregivers to keep cribs free of soft, puffy bedding and stuffed animals; to refrain from exposing infants to cigarette smoke; and to keep the crib in the parent’s bedroom. Experts also urge parents to discuss these recommendations with their infant’s health care provider.
The recent national infant sleep study in JAMA says the percentage of infants sharing beds with adults rose more in minority populations, and is highest among black families. Ostfeld notes that disparities in the use of safe sleep practices across racial and ethnic groups is based on many factors, including cultural preferences, disparities in income and the lack of access to the recommended equipment and conditions.
Relying on many generations of caretakers also plays a role. Osterfelt says a grandmother or other older relative enlisted to provide child care may not be familiar – or comfortable – with current safe-sleep approaches.
“If you raised children before 1992, the year the AAP started issuing safe sleep guidelines, the well-known source of knowledge on baby’s health was Dr. Spock. He told us to put baby on his belly or he would choke, and there was no medical basis for that,” Ostfeld says.
“If you’ve raised all of your children that way and nothing untoward happened, the tendency is to panic if you come home to see your grandchild on his back. Grandparents are important caregivers and need to have access to current
information. We explain that we all have the same goal – raising a healthy baby.”
Overcoming cultural and generational practices is one challenge SIDS researchers and clinicians face. Another is refuting the conventional wisdom that babies should be surrounded by mounds of cushiony bedding, as often depicted in
“Many families believe that babies are not comfortable unless they are on their tummies and have pillows and quilts to rest on,” says Ostfeld, who received her doctorate from Rutgers in 1969. “It turns out, babies are comfortable with what
they get used to.” | <urn:uuid:c4d96255-e311-419d-b7bf-81c6f236a00b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cnylatinonewspaper.com/english/health-english/sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94728 | 1,058 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. Created in 1913, its unique organizational structure combines both governmental and commercial institutions under public regulation and oversight.
- We don't know what would have happened had [Federal Reserve Governor Benjamin] Strong lived; but what we do know is that the central bank of the world's economically most important nation in 1929 was essentially leaderless and lacking in expertise. This situation led to decisions, or nondecisions, which might well not have occurred under either better leadership or a more centralized institutional structure. Associated with these decisions, we observe a massive collapse of money, prices, and output. … Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton [Friedman] and Anna [Schwartz]: Regarding the Great Depression. You're right, we did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again.
- Ben Bernanke, "Remarks on Milton Friedman's Nintieth Birthday" (8 November 2002).
- The Consumer Price Index is 15 times higher than it was when the Federal Reserve was founded in 1913. In the hundred years prior to the advent of the Federal Reserve, prices in America fell by one third.
- Quote in Liberty A to Z by Harry Browne, The Advocates for Self-Government, (2004), p. 69.
- When you or I write a check there must be sufficient funds in our account to cover the check, but when the Federal Reserve writes a check there is no bank deposit on which that check is drawn. When the Federal Reserve writes a check, it is creating money.
- Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Putting It Simply (1984); reported in Peter Cook, Federal reserve, fractional reserve and interest-free government credit explained in question and answer form (1991), p. 57. The earliest use of the statement, "[w]hen the Federal Reserve writes a check, it is creating money" appears to come from the United States Congress, House Banking and Currency Committee, Money Facts: 169 Questions and Answers on Money (1964), p. 9.
- Neither paper currency nor deposits have value as commodities. Intrinsically, a dollar bill is just a piece of paper, deposits merely book entries. Coins do have some intrinsic value as metal, but generally far less than their face value.
- Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Modern Money Mechanics (1975).
- There has been a great reaching out by bankers in the last fifteen or twenty years--and especially since the war--and the Federal Reserve System for a time put into their hands an almost limitless supply of credit. The banker is, as I have noted, by training and because of his position, totally unsuited to the conduct of industry. If, therefore, the controllers of credit have lately acquired this very large power, is it not to be taken as a sign that there is something wrong with the financial system that gives to finance instead of to service the predominant power in industry? It was not the industrial acumen of the bankers that brought them into the management of industry. Everyone will admit that. They were pushed there, willy-nilly, by the system itself. Therefore, I personally want to discover whether we are operating under the best financial system. Now, let me say at once that my objection to bankers has nothing to do with personalities. I am not against bankers as such. We stand very much in need of thoughtful men, skilled in finance. The world cannot go on without banking facilities. We have to have money. We have to have credit. Otherwise the fruits of production could not be exchanged. We have to have capital. Without it there could be no production. But whether we have based our banking and our credit on the right foundation is quite another matter.
- Most Americans have no real understanding of the operation of the international money lenders. The accounts of the Federal Reserve System have never been audited. It operates outside the control of Congress and through its Board of Governors manipulates the credit of the United States.
- Sen. Barry Goldwater in With No Apologies (1979), p. 282.
- Mr. Chairman, we have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal reserve banks. The Federal Reserve Board, a Government board, has cheated the Government of the United States out of enough money to pay the national debt. The depredations and the iniquities of the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal reserve banks acting together have cost this country enough money to pay the national debt several times over. This evil institution has impoverished and ruined the people of the United States; has bankrupted itself, and has practically bankrupted our Government. It has done this through defects of the law under which it operates, through the maladministration of that law by the Federal Reserve Board and through the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it.
- Rep. Louis T. McFadden, former Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency. Congressional Record 12595-12603 (10 June 1932).
- The Fed is a disaster. We should have a discussion in this country about whether we need a Fed.
- Stephen Moore, in a December, 2018, interview by The Wall Street Journal (Timiraos, Nick (March 22, 2019). "Trump Offers Fed Board Position to Economic Commentator Stephen Moore". The Wall Street Journal. )
- As soon as Mr. [Franklin] Roosevelt took office, the Federal Reserve began to buy government securities at the rate of ten million dollars a week for 10 weeks, and created one hundred million dollars in new currency, which alleviated the critical famine of money and credit, and the factories started hiring people again.
- Eustace Mullins, The Federal Reserve Conspiracy (1954).
- The Federal Reserve Banks, while not part of the government, are the central banking sytem for the Nation.… Holdings of Federal debt by the Federal Reserve Banks do not have the same impact on private credit markets as other debt held by the public. Their holdings of Federal debt arise from their role as the country's central bank.
- Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables (FY 1992), p. 10. Recent budgets omit "…while not part of the government…."
- The Federal Reserve and this administration failed the American people by not heeding these warnings a year ago, and not acting sooner to address it
- Richard Shelby R-Ala. Powell says recession 'a possibility' but not likely (June 22, 20222:23 PM ET)
- Congress passed a $2 trillion stimulus package for which the American taxpayer will be held entirely responsible. Even worse, the new legislation contains a $500 billion allocation (another corporate giveaway) that the Federal Reserve will use as a capital base for borrowing $4.5 trillion. That massive sum of money will be used to buy toxic bonds in the corporate bond market. Just as Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) were used to fleece millions of investors out of their hard-earned savings in the run-up to the 2008 Financial Crisis, so too, “toxic” corporate bonds were the weapon of choice that was used to pilfer trillions of dollars from investors in the run-up to today’s crisis. (Same scam, different instrument) The virus was merely the proximate cause that tipped the sector into meltdown. The problem had been festering for years and everyone in the financial community (Including the Fed, the BIS and the IMF) knew that it was only a matter of time before the market would blow sky-high. Which it did.
- I cannot say with what deep emotions of gratitude I feel that I have had a part in completing a work which I believe will be of lasting benefit to the business of the country.
- Woodrow Wilson, statement on signing the Federal Reserve Act (23 December 1913).
Original hearings and debates
Several plans and regulatory measures were discussed during the development of the Federal Reserve System. The following quotations do not necessarily refer to the final Federal Reserve Act passed by Congress.
- By making money artificially scarce interest rates throughout the country can be arbitrarily raised and the bank tax on all business and cost of living increased for the profit of the banks owning these regional central banks, and without the slightest benefit to the people. These 12 corporations together cover the whole country and monopolize and use for private gain every dollar of the public currency, and all public revenues of the United States.
- Alfred Owen Crozier, testimony to the Senate Committee on Banking and Currency (23 October 1913), criticizing regional bank control of discount rates.
- The powers vested in the Federal Reserve Board seem to me highly dangerous especially when there is political control of the Board. I should be sorry to hold stock in a bank subject to such dominations. The [Federal Reserve] bill as it stands seems to me to open the way to a vast inflation of the currency.… I do not like to think that any law can be passed that will make it possible to submerge the gold standard in a flood of irredeemable paper currency.
- Henry Cabot Lodge Sr., 1913.
- It is proposed that the Government shall retain sufficient power over the reserve banks to enable it to exercise a direct authority when necessary to do so, but that it shall in no way attempt to carry on through its own mechanism the routine operations and banking which require detailed knowledge of local and individual credit and which determine the funds of the community in any given instance. In other words, the reserve-bank plan retains to the Government power over the exercise of the broader banking functions, while it leaves to individuals and privately owned institutions the actual direction of routine.
- H.R. Report No. 69, 63 Cong. 1st Sess. 18-19 (1913), as quoted in Lewis v. United States.
Lewis v. United States
From Lewis v. United States 680 F. 2d 1239 9th Circuit (1982), involving a man who was hit by a Federal Reserve Bank vehicle and attempted to sue the federal government.
- Examining the organization and function of the Federal Reserve Banks, and applying the relevant factors, we conclude that the Reserve Banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the FTCA [Federal Tort Claims Act], but are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations.
- The Federal Reserve Board regulates the Reserve Banks, but direct supervision and control of each Bank is exercised by its board of directors.
- The Banks are empowered to sue and be sued in their own name…. They carry their own liability insurance and typically process and handle their own claims. In the past, the Banks have defended against tort claims directly, through private counsel, not government attorneys….
- The Reserve Banks have properly been held to be federal instrumentalities for some purposes…. This court held that a Federal Reserve Bank employee who was responsible for recommending expenditure of federal funds was a "public official" under the Federal Bribery Statute.
- The Reserve Banks are deemed to be federal instrumentalities for purposes of immunity from state taxation…. The test for determining whether an entity is a federal instrumentality for purposes of protection from state or local action or taxation, however, is very broad: whether the entity performs an important governmental function…. The Reserve Banks, which further the nation's fiscal policy, clearly perform an important governmental function.
- Brinks Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System … held that a Federal Reserve Bank is a federal instrumentality for purposes of the Service Contract Act.… Unlike in Brinks, plaintiffs are not without a forum in which to seek a remedy, for they may bring an appropriate state tort claim directly against the Bank; and if successful, their prospects of recovery are bright since the institutions are both highly solvent and amply insured. | <urn:uuid:c18ffe0c-3449-4f99-a79e-0617f76af3c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95326 | 2,478 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Thameslink, together with other rail firms in the country, are set to increase the number of apprenticeship programmes.
The training will cover engineering, customer services, train driving and administration across Southern, Thameslink, Great Northern and Gatwick Express.
The apprenticeship programme is open to people of all ages and backgrounds.
Parent company Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) is seeking to reach as diverse a range of potential applicants as possible.
The rail company is currently on target to hire 200 apprentices before the end of 2021, with some schemes already open for applications.
Sydney Granger, 21, knew she didn’t want to go to university when she left school and was pleasantly surprised by all the options available.
She said: “I love the practical element to the course because it really helps expand my knowledge of units, tools and equipment that I’ll be using every day.
"I want people my age to realise that university isn’t the only option, there are so many possibilities when it comes to apprenticeships and I would love others to seriously consider it.”
Yvonne Baiden, 51, who is currently in her second year of a Level 3 Rail Engineering Technician Apprenticeship. said: “I’m a full-time mum to three children, as well as being a grandparent. I don’t get much time to myself but I’m not letting that stop me working towards my career goals.
"Doing an apprenticeship at my age isn’t without its challenges, but I think if you get the chance to learn new skills you should just go for it.” | <urn:uuid:f71663b6-3c1d-4075-a6e2-9936e1571392> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/people/rail-operator-at-bedford-on-the-hunt-for-250-apprentices-3407679 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964323 | 347 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Blog/2016 U.S. Presidential Election
Posted Mar 5, 2016 by Martin Armstrong
Rubio does not seem to have what it takes to get the nomination. He would be a nice puppet like George Bush Jr. and Obama and would do whatever the unelected government told him to do. Cruz is not very well liked behind the curtain and injects too much religion for a national office. So what is Romney really up to? The word behind the curtain is he sees himself as the Republican Messiah — the man who the party will DRAFT to save itself. It is a clever plot.
Romney gets free press, does not have to raise money, and is bashing Trump to position himself to be drafted as the candidate. Interesting strategy, which of course he would deny. But one thing is certain — he would lose against Hillary. While he has tried to say he is not a spokesman for his church, he is nonetheless a Mormon. Mitt Romney’s great-great-grandfather, Parley P. Pratt, was among the first leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the early 19th century. Romney’s paternal great-grandparents practiced plural marriage and went to Mexico in 1884 after the 1878 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Reynolds v. United States that upheld laws banning polygamy. This history aside, Romney has stated that he disagrees with polygamy. This only makes the 2016 election even more insane. Trying to find anyone normal without baggage seems impossible these days.
Meanwhile, further evidence that the “establishment,” both left and right, will not allow an outsider to come in and actually change anything in government: President Obama has now joined Romney, publicly stating that Trump “will not be president.” No president has ever done such a thing in history. This demonstrates that Washington is scared to death of a non-career politician actually coming to town. It appears that if the people vote for someone who the “establishment” does not like, then indeed Stalin is correct — your vote means nothing. This truly is just crazy. | <urn:uuid:11f65c67-3b59-4e79-8a7f-653b05d13587> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/international-news/north_america/2016-u-s-presidential-election/romney-trying-to-run-as-a-savior-obama-says-trump-will-not-be-president/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.981189 | 429 | 1.578125 | 2 |
While the high fiscal deficit would not be credit positive for international credit agencies, in the current environment, it would have been impossible to push the growth without fiscal destabilization in the short to medium term
This Union Budget has been very pragmatic and positive. Even as the Budget misses the expectation of being unconventional, multiple unique initiatives have been announced such as fintech hub, gold exchanges, digital census etc. The big thrust on infrastructure and healthcare sets a positive story. This will boost the economy through the multiplier effect and helping other ancillary sectors and create jobs rather than what direct consumption boosting measures would have.
The government had to balance between job creation vs direct allowances. We are aware that COVID-19 has led to increasing in precautionary savings and contraction in consumer spending. The measures taken such as setting up a Development Finance Institution, a fairly rational blueprint for asset monetization, enabling debt financing of InVITs and REITs by foreign portfolio investors, and a friendly tax regime for foreign investors was much needed to assuage the concerns of raising funds for the government’s ambitious targets under NIP.
A dashboard for monitoring progress is a good start. Most noble is the capital allocation of Rs 2 trillion to States and UT as they would be implementing most of the projects under the NIP. However, it to be seen how the government along with the RBI tackle the issue of NPAs in the banking sector which is expected to emerge as one of the biggest risks not only in India but also globally. Unlike the developed countries, India will not be able to afford to take the path of debt monetization to support its financial sector.
The initiative to set up an Asset Reconstruction Company Limited (ARC) and Asset Management Company (AMC) in this regard looks promising, nonetheless, India needs to find investors to buy impaired assets in India. The mechanism has to set rightly. The incentivization and the management of the ARC and AMC should be such that it does not follow the steps of the public sector units. Increasing the FDI in insurance and IPO for LIC was another strategic step to pull in the foreign funds as insurance is expected to be a booming sector post-COVID-19. However, the lack of focus on exporters and tweaking the tariff norms set a distortionary picture to the global investors which should have been managed well.
The clarity given on the fiscal deficit is very laudable. Setting realistic deficit targets, bringing loans to Food Corporation of India (FCI) to the budget balance sheet, and laying down a revised road map for fiscal consolidation is a commendable move. The biggest concern lies in the fact that fiscal support in FY22 also largely depends on revenue generation from disinvestment.
More clarity on the implementation of privatization was expected. While the high fiscal deficit would not be credit positive for international credit agencies, in the current environment, it would have been impossible to push the growth without fiscal destabilization in the short to medium term. This nonetheless makes it an expansionary budget and poses a risk to inflation.
The writer is Global Chief Economist, Dun and Bradstreet
Find latest and upcoming tech gadgets online on Tech2 Gadgets. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. Popular gadgets including laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison. | <urn:uuid:9623107b-3d8b-4571-8b86-d152585a366c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scoftware.com/union-budget-2021-fm-gives-major-focus-to-infra-health-to-boost-economy-through-multiplier-effect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952693 | 668 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Town of Orio
The small and quiet town of Orio where Stile Libero is located provides all the necessities (Supermarket, bank, post office, pharmacy) with good restaurants, pizzerias and trattoria.
The old “village” of Orio al Serio (241 m above sea level) has been populated since the fourth century B.C. by the Ligurians and then the Etruscans, later becoming an important Roman crossroad. It’s success is tied to its geographic location: Orio al Serio is secluded, off the beaten track, half-way between the hills and actual Bergamo plains.
In 1233 Orio became an independent town when the territory of Bergamo was divided into four “fagge” or districts at the four gates to the city. For a long time the counts of Martinengo Colleoni, heirs of the famous captain of fortune, Bartolomeo Colleoni, feuded.
Today, the town of Orio al Serio www.comune.orioalserio.bg.it includes a small old town that resisted over the years around the Medieval Civil Tower and Church (dedicated to St. George the Martyr, built around 1500 and altered in 1700). The rest of the town is divided into small and quiet residential quarters that replaced the old rural buildings. | <urn:uuid:6e9634ed-a762-4a4f-b052-ed1966808ce6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bedandbreakfastorioalserio.com/en/the-town-of-orio/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935609 | 291 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Coronavirus (COVID-19) tally as compiled by Johns Hopkins University. (Previous numbers in parentheses.)
Total U.S. confirmed cases: 4,727,879 (4,679,739)
Total U.S. deaths: 155,814 (154,965)
Total global cases: 18,340,451 (18,136,344)
Total global deaths: 695,318 (690,413)
The pandemic has influenced consumer trends
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has upended daily life, but it has also set in motion a number of consumer trends. Researchers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute documented them in a survey they conducted in 20 countries, including the U.S.
Among the most significant trends, they found an increase in telework and online commerce and a significant decrease in the number of personal trips people are making. The pandemic has also changed buying behaviors.
In the U.S., 53 percent of respondents bought an increased quantity of products during the pandemic, 20 percent purchased products more frequently, and 30 percent switched from shopping within a store to shopping online.
Antibody cocktail blocks virus in monkeys
Regeneron is reporting positive results from its COVID-19 antibody cocktail, saying it worked to prevent and treat the virus when administered to monkeys and hamsters.
The study has not been peer-reviewed, but the company said it’s hopeful that the drug cocktail will prove to be effective with humans. It says the combination of two monoclonal antibodies was able to “almost completely block establishment of virus infection.”
Meanwhile, Eli Lilly reports that it’s starting a late-stage clinical trial to determine whether one of its COVID-19 antibody treatments can prevent the spread of the virus. The trial is taking place in nursing homes, the scene of early outbreaks.
Scientists say seaweed neutralizes the virus
Scientists say tools to counter the coronavirus may be more plentiful than first thought. Writing in the journal Cell Discovery, the researchers report that an extract from edible seaweeds substantially outperformed remdesivir, the current standard antiviral used to combat the disease, as a treatment for the virus.
Heparin, a common blood thinner, and a heparin variant stripped of its anticoagulant properties, performed the same as remdesivir in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells.
In COVID-19, the spike protein on the surface of the virus attaches to a molecule on the surface of human cells and inserts its own genetic material into the cell, hijacking the cellular machinery to produce replica viruses. But researchers say the virus could just as easily be persuaded to lock onto a decoy molecule that offers a similar fit. The neutralized virus would be trapped and eventually degrade naturally.
Younger people feel the financial impact most
The pandemic, with its disruption of daily life, appears to be affecting different age groups in different ways. A new report from Edward Jones and Age Wave found that younger consumers, more than their parents, are worried about the pandemic’s financial impact.
Nearly a third of millennials and Gen Z, those aged 18 to 23, say the virus has had an “extreme or very negative” impact on their financial security. They also were more likely to report emotional distress associated with the pandemic.
At the same time, just 16 percent of baby boomers and only 6 percent of people 75 and older were worried about finances; they reported fewer emotional worries as well.
Pandemic derails annual Christmas Show
The coronavirus pandemic has upended a Christmastime tradition. Radio City Music Hall parent company MSG Entertainment has announced that it won’t stage its annual Christmas Show with the Rockettes this year.
“We are disappointed for everyone involved with the show, as well as for the many fans who make the Christmas Spectacular a cherished part of their holiday tradition,” the company said in a statement. “We look forward to welcoming audiences back for the 2021 production, which is on sale now.”
Consumers who purchased tickets for the 2020 production will automatically receive refunds at the point of purchase.
Around the nation
New Jersey: While some states are still deciding what to do about school this fall, New Jersey has made at least one rule. Gov. Phil Murphy says students returning to the classroom will be required to wear masks at all times.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts has been able to move to a Phase 3 reopening because the virus has been under control for weeks. But with cases rising, epidemiologists have told the Boston Herald that the state will need to roll back to Phase 2 restrictions if it plans to reopen schools.
Iowa: Five more people have tested positive for the coronavirus in the University of Iowa athletic program, calling into question the upcoming collegiate sports season. A total of 32 people involved with athletic teams have tested positive since late May. | <urn:uuid:8e15d023-da3f-449f-8a93-5c769c4eec37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/coronavirus-update-covid-19-influences-consumer-trends-positive-results-from-antibody-test-080420.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.957282 | 1,040 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Investigating a mitigation strategy for acidic sediment conditions in support of First Nation Bivalve restoration initiatives : the effect of shell hash on porewater pH and carbonate saturation states in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, Canada
MetadataShow full item record
Subjectacidification; aragonite saturation state; clam garden; PH; porewater; Tsleil-Waututh Nation
Climate change related impacts threaten calcium carbonate dependent species, such as bivalve shellfish. Coastal sediment acidification may have disproportionate effects on bivalves. Shellfish are ecologically, economically, and socially significant in the Pacific Northwest. This research was guided by First Nation habitat restoration objectives and Indigenous science. Using field studies and microcosm experiments, we investigated the effect of shell treatments on sediment porewater conditions in Burrard Inlet, Canada. Porewater pH and aragonite saturation states (Ωarg) were evaluated under different tidal conditions and pH treatments. Significant differences were found in porewater acidity and Ωarg between sites, tidal conditions, and pH treatments. There was no consistent shell treatment effect on porewater pH or Ωarg. Augmenting coastal sediment with shell material has many documented benefits. Based on the results, shell treatments are not recommended as an effective mitigation for acidic sediment conditions in support of First Nation shellfish habitat restoration objectives in Burrard Inlet.
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Empire State Building (Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University, 2/9/2016)Menu from Empire State Building restaurant in New York, NY. Soups and appetizers, salads, sandwiches, special, desserts, beverages, fountain drinks.
Crann-Adair, Sarah (Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University, 2019-04-09)Poster exploring research into hunger induced cognitive and emotional states. | <urn:uuid:17e7070d-f519-4316-8aca-d82d738e4b0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://viurrspace.ca/handle/10170/1042 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.910995 | 507 | 2.78125 | 3 |
One way to get rid of trust complications in a romance is by natural means. This method needs much time, work, and fortitude on your component. But the additional is having fresh new insights into relationships. Seeing that it’s the emotional meaning offer to a person s activities that see whether you can truly trust him or certainly not. So it is practical then simply that there should be a new knowledge of love and trust.
The first a key point in understanding love and trust is that we certainly have a lot of choice in the way you express our self. For example, a person which has a shy character can really open when conversing with a woman and possess her his fears wonderful enthusiasm for her. He gets really installed on her and has a effective desire to protect her. This same kind of woman might react firmly to the guy if they can express him self in this confident way without being too needy. This is what is referred to as authenticity.
The 2nd key point in understanding love and trust is that we are in relationships mainly because we include emotional requires. These demands can range by basic emotions of safety and security to the more complex requires of intimacy and devotion. In most cases, each of our partners are more than happy to carry out our psychological needs. Yet , if our partners could not or will not likely do so, then it becomes troublesome. At the heart of building trust in a relationship is trust that your partner will always find ideal to satisfy your preferences.
The third key point in building trust in a relationship with someone you are involved with is hearing carefully. One of the primary mistakes persons make in relationships is to immediately assume that their spouse understands what they are pondering. While we will not different feelings and thoughts, when you start interrupting a talking to ask your lover questions or try to influence them of something, you are not building trust in a romance. Instead, hear carefully for the person you are speaking to and focus on what he or she is stating. Do not let your emotions get involved in the conversation.
Your fourth key element to building rely upon a relationship with someone you are involved with is being certain to clearly converse your needs to your partner. Your companion must be obvious about what is important to you and what is not. If you are regularly upset regarding small details, then your spouse is going to question why you are so upset and might start to concern your motives. It is essential that both of you remain calm and enable each sexy brazilian girls other the space necessary for removing and building trust in a relationship.
Finally, the fifthly and last step in here is info to ensure that you stay active in the community and social media. You’re actively be involved in the social media communities, then you won’t include any possibility of building trust in a relationship together with your partner. Your lover will see that like a lack of curiosity and you will never gain their trust. | <urn:uuid:7dae2ea7-08a7-416d-bdb4-cd8b35aeb093> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paradox-vip.com/5-various-steps-to-building-trust-in-a-relationship-with-someone-you-are-going-out-with/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971226 | 596 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Video games accustomed to come back to the United States on regular CDs, and so DVDs. Some larger games even used quite one disc. that’s the older manner of doing things, as a result of currently, everything is digital, and then are the games.
The latest trends are CD keys, and that they have emerged because the leader among low-price deals for all varieties of video games.
What are The CD Keys and The Way Do They Work?
The CD-Key is a product code or a serial range for the game in question. Like every different code, it’s a mixture of random numbers and letters that along designate a unit of the merchandise. You’ll realize such codes on the stickers within and on the sports cases, or on the reference cards within the cases.
These cd keys are accustomed to register or activate the sport you have got bought. This is often specifically what the CD key offers you, for a cheaper price than you get need to pay money for a physical version of the sport.
➦ Obtaining a CD key
In order to urge a CD key and acquire a game, there is a need to visit the website of such a provider. They have an intensive library for games on many alternative consoles, similar to games for computers. Conform a deal you wish, and place it in your personal data. Everything is legit and while not fraud to stress regarding. These platforms use certified ways in which of payment, like PayPal and credit cards.
All of the currencies are usable, and a few sites even have their own converters. When the purchase is completed, you’ll get an email as a notification, that contains a transfer link, or typically a PIN code on your phone. This is often all for security reasons. Once you verify everything, you’ll get the code. it’s all simple and easy, and you’ll get your CD game key in many simple steps.
➦ How do they get the CD keys?
People familiar with the industry, explore and scan the market round the world, and appearance for the most affordable game costs. They purchase the games once they are on sale, throughout the vacation season as an example. Once they purchase a game, they place the code in their info and provides it to the client once they pay money for it on their web site.
➦ Key benefits of CD Keys
If you’re a player wanting instant access to the game, turning to digital is your best choice. You never got to pay the highest dollar as key outlets make certain you’ll get the most effective game deals at a lot of lower costs. Whereas there’s a large choice of game stores providing the latest game keys. Now, here are a number of the most effective perks you’ll get from pursuing CD keys:
Of course, convenience is at the highest of the list why gamers like CD keys. You would like to create order, and you’re prepared. No automotive hydrocarbon or sweat would be wasted. You’ll get your most expected game without fear whether or not the shop is already closed or no.
If you’re near to collect games, purchasing physical copies from leading diversion stores would value you huge. The good issue, CD keys came into existence. Since you get these game keys online, it’s undeniably cheaper. The most logical is, why would you decide to speculate in shopping for a physical copy once you have the choice to shop for it online, right?
The market is wedged with controversies with legitimacy. With low costs, gamers can’t be everlasting as they’re uninformed wherever these keys came from. however, with game keys coming back from a reliable provider, you’ll assure they’re purchased from licensed resellers. Get pleasure from the sport you needed to play, knowing you’re obtaining your money’s price from a trusty marketer.
CD keys from an unlicensed store won’t work as you activate them. However, with The CD Key provider, you’re absolute to get authentic game keys. quite that, rest assured that the knowledge you’ll offer is safe on the provision. | <urn:uuid:c5de2c5a-d63a-456b-ac34-10e5080be1b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://torrents-proxy.com/benefits-of-buying-cheap-cd-keys/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948017 | 905 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The case of Stern Hu is disturbing but should not be surprising to China watchers.
MANY contentious political and commercial issues emerge with a sudden splash then fade away when it becomes clear the underlying issues are not terribly significant.
The case of arrested Rio Tinto executive Stern Hu is the opposite. It started as a modest news story, partly because of the sheer paucity of information, but has grown in significance as the weeks have unfolded and may ultimately have a defining impact on Australia's relationship with China.
As this newspaper goes to press, the issue is still clouded by the lack of information.
But is this surprising? Indeed, should we be surprised by the case at all?
It has shone a bright light on practices in China that have occurred for decades, if not longer.
China is a one-party state, under the rule of the communist party for nearly 60 years. No surprises there.
The ruling party has at times been ruthless in the policies it has pursued to maintain its grip on power. No surprises there either.
The country has, at best, an opaque legal system that has tripped up many Western companies over the years.
All this is well known, yet Australia, like every other Western country, has been more than willing to trade with China. Its rapid growth has been an irresistible magnet.
Rio Tinto, the company at the centre of the diplomatic storm, is at the forefront of Australia's growing trade ties with China.
Ironically, but not surprisingly, Rio's Perth-based iron ore chief executive Sam Walsh said last week it was pretty much business as usual, despite the legal and diplomatic dispute.
"Rio Tinto continues to operate in China and is maintaining high levels of iron ore shipments from Australia," Mr Walsh said in a statement.
If the commercial response were anything else, WA would have a lot to worry about.
China is the state's largest export market and is fuelling the two biggest drivers of growth - expansion of the iron ore industry and the development of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects.
This economic reality does not mean WA or Australia should discard any moral compass to guide its commercial and diplomatic relationships.
It does mean we need to be mature and open-eyed when we evaluate our relationship with China.
It also means that looking at the issue through Chinese eyes can be illuminating.
The general consensus is that China feels slighted by the way it has been treated in iron ore price negotiations, and specifically in its dealings with Rio Tinto.
Premier Colin Barnett said last week that recent events, including the collapse of Chinese company Chinalco's proposed investment in Rio Tinto, have caused "disappointment and confusion" in China.
Rio and BHP Billiton have played hardball in their commercial negotiations and plan to enhance their commercial might by merging their Pilbara mining operations.
China seems to be responding by using every weapon in its arsenal.
It is entirely plausible that China has taken legal action against Rio executives, including Australian citizen Stern Hu, because of frustration over its lack of success in commercial negotiations.
Mr Walsh insisted last week that the "allegations in recent media reports that employees were involved in bribery of officials at Chinese steel mills are wholly without foundation".
Anyone who knows Rio and Mr Walsh would agree that the company stands by its "strict and publicly stated code of ethical behaviour".
That is unlikely to be enough to save Mr Hu and his Chinese Rio colleagues. Most China watchers believe the die is cast, making it inevitable they will serve time in gaol.
This is an uncomfortable situation but, as noted above, it is not new.
This is part of the reality of contemporary China, a country that is going through rapid change and seeking to manage the tension between central control and flourishing free markets.
There is nothing inevitable about China's evolution but it seems plausible that continued economic growth, growing prosperity and increasing ties with Western countries will lift internal aspirations for civic freedom.
That is to be welcomed and will hopefully lead to the development of a legal system that does not allow a repeat of the Stern Hu case. | <urn:uuid:ac1b6763-d890-4070-bbe3-f9262173ca9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/It-s-business-as-usual-in-China | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972924 | 851 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is a technique that permits the detection of chromosomal copy number changes without the need for cell culturing. It provides a global overview of chromosomal gains and losses throughout the whole genome of a tumour. Tumour DNA is labelled with a green fluorochrome, which is subsequently mixed (1:1) with red labelled normal DNA and hybridised to normal human metaphase preparations. The green and red labelled DNA fragments compete for hybridisation to their locus of origin on the chromosomes. The green to red fluorescence ratio measured along the chromosomal axis represents loss or gain of genetic material in the tumour at that specific locus. In addition to a fluorescence microscope, the technique requires a computer with dedicated image analysis software to perform the analysis. This review aims to provide a detailed discussion of the CGH technique, and to provide a protocol with an emphasis on crucial steps.
Statistics from Altmetric.com
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. | <urn:uuid:a3416110-9933-4542-9af5-5fcb059f62b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mp.bmj.com/content/52/5/243?ijkey=6068820f6dc7357cb05e73e00a4f9bd32b71b857&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.883752 | 259 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Impacts of man-made greenhouse warming on rainfall would endure long after temperatures fell, a study suggests.
UK Met Office scientists constructed a hypothetical future in which carbon dioxide levels rise and then fall, and modelled what might happen to rainfall.
Their computer simulation showed temperature falling decades after CO2's decline, with changed rainfall going on for several more decades after that.
The study is published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
The hypothetical future saw concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rising to four times pre-industrial levels over 70 years, then returning to the baseline over a similar period.
"This is an idealised situation," said Vicky Pope, head of climate change advice at the Met Office.
"On the other hand, we could reach atmospheric concentrations of greeenhouse gases equivalent to a quadrupling of CO2 by the end of the century.
"So if we allow emissions to increase to the end of the century and then decrease them rapidly, this is the kind of thing you'd expect to see," she told BBC News.
The computer simulation also suggested that if greenhouse gas levels remained elevated for an extended period, the rainfall changes would then endure for longer after emissions began to decline.
Rainfall changes arise largely through increased temperatures in the ocean.
More water evaporates into the atmosphere. Overall, this means the world would receive more rain - but computer simulations suggest the impacts would be very unevenly distributed.
High latitude countries such as Canada and Russia would receive more rain and snow, whereas other regions such as the Amazon basin, Australia and parts of sub-Saharan Africa would receive substantially less.
As the oceans have huge capacity to store heat, releasing the heat relating to a temporary quadrupling of the man-made greenhouse effect would take many decades.
The Met Office computer model is known to project more drying of the Amazon than most others.
"Details of exactly where the impacts fall would be different in different models because they don't agree in details," said Dr Pope.
"But the mechanism is the same in all models, because it's basic physics. As models improve, we'll be able to get more confident on this." | <urn:uuid:27f58228-c8df-4be0-9f1c-82e0b4c871ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10335587 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947559 | 449 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Children learn a lot about math from their families. We talk a lot about how families can teach children how to do math, but families also teach children how to feel about math.
Ideas for Talking with Families About Math Attitudes
You can help families support positive math attitudes by talking to parents and caregivers about what positive math attitudes are and how to encourage their children’s positive math attitudes.
- If you’re talking to parents or caregivers about math, first think about your own feelings about math.
- How is math useful in your life?
- What experiences make you excited about math?
- You can also have parents or caregivers reflect on their own attitudes about math.
- Do they enjoy math? Do they think math is useful?
- How do they use math in their everyday lives?
Having parents and caregivers reflect on their own experiences can help start a conversation about how their own attitudes might be affecting their children.
Parents with Positive Attitudes Toward Math
If parents and caregivers have positive attitudes and experiences with math, they can use that as inspiration to continue building on those attitudes and have even more positive math conversations and experiences with their children. You can help them find ways to build positive math experiences into their everyday lives through the way they talk about and do math.
Parents Who Do Not Have Positive Attitudes Toward Math
Sometimes, parents or caregivers do not have positive attitudes about math or have not had opportunities to develop positive math attitudes. If we could all go back and do things differently, we could all be more successful at and positive about math. If parents and caregivers have negative attitudes or experiences with math, they can think about how to create an environment for their child to help foster more positive attitudes.
Managing Anxiety or Fear of Math
If parents or caregivers have math anxiety, or the avoidance and fear of doing math, it can be helpful to think about what makes them anxious. Remember, much of the math young children are doing are concepts parents learned when they were young, too! It can also be helpful to interpret feelings as excitement instead of anxiety. Being positive about math, even if it’s sometimes difficult or makes parents uncomfortable, is important for children’s learning. | <urn:uuid:34ffc373-ed20-489f-8002-2314e8416258> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://familymath.stanford.edu/for-educators/promoting-positive-math-attitudes-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961919 | 456 | 4.0625 | 4 |
The 7-Up Bottle House was built in about 1967 and featued nearly 1200 bottles. It was a simple windowless, rectangular gabled structure with a door at one end. The bottles were not collected at Rockome Gardens but were purchased from a bottling company which was no longer needed them. Originally the house was built with a row of upright bottles along the ridgeline, but a number of them have fallen off just a year or two later when this postcard photo was taken.
The ridge bottles had been replaced and broken again by the time of this photo in 2005. The house was deteriorating by that time, with the corner of the roof rotted away and the door missing.
Just to the south of the 7-Up bottle house are the twin lighthouses which were built in the 40s, several decades before the bottle houses. A photo from the 1947 Decatur Daily Review shows what they originally looked like, with cupolas on top and small windows spiralling up the sides. In size and proportions, they look vaguely similar to the windmill at Mollie Jenson's zoo, though it is unlikely there is any direct connection between the two.
The more-elaborate Fresca Bottle House was built in 1969 and incorporated nearly 2,400 bottles in its construction. The house was built in a T-shape with a short door at the end, low windows, and wide eaves with scalloped bargeboards.
Adults had to stoop to enter the low building, like a child's playhouse. It was furnished with child-sized chairs and a small table. The house was originally surrounded by a foot-high concrete wall embedded with more bottles, but this was gone by time of the photo from 2000 above.
Near the corner by the entrance there was an even smaller bottle dog house with Fresca bottles embedded in the roof and walls.
The house was left rough and unpainted on the inside, so that its construction method could easily be seen. The house was made from plywood, covered by a thick layer of concrete in which the bottles and rocks are embedded. Many bottles, especially those on the roof, were shattered due to frost and snow, or popped out of their places. Most of the bottles have their necks covered by mounds of cement in order to prevent rain or moisture entering them, but smooth glass bottles are difficult to bond to concrete.
In early 2006 both bottle houses were damaged during attempts to move them. Due to their already fragile and deteriorated condition, the park owners decided to dismantle both bottle houses. | <urn:uuid:5053f3ab-0480-4243-9cf1-220a94bceb66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.wurlington-bros.com/Museum/Grotto/Rockome7.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.98744 | 523 | 2.359375 | 2 |
At Independent Rehabilitation Services, we believe that maximising movement is integral to achieving your goals.
Physiotherapists are experts in the assessment, diagnosis and management of disorders of function and movement and work with you to ensure your physical potential is at its best.
Our experienced Physiotherapists specialise in providing services to people who have experienced an Acquired Brain Injury, Spinal Cord Injury or other neurological conditions. We also work with many clients in the disability sector. We work with each person to develop an individually tailored plan, to ensure you reach your maximum functional ability and are safe and able to participate in your community.
Assessment and treatment is conducted in your home and community, with family and support workers in attendance as required. The Physiotherapy program is based around functional tasks so optimal outcomes can be achieved.
Integration of therapy into your everyday life is vital to our role as community-based Physiotherapists. This may include training of family and support workers to ensure continuity of the rehabilitation program and the best outcomes for you.
A physiotherapy programme may include:
Improving your mobility:
- Gait retraining
- Balance and coordination retraining
- Prescription of mobility aids (walkers, wheelchairs)
- High level mobility training including returning to running, sport, or something more extreme.
Improving your strength and movement:
- Upper limb retraining
- Prescription of home-based exercise programs
- Gym program development and review
- LSVT BIG program
- Prescription of assistive equipment
Managing your pain:
- Persistent pain management
- Posture and seating evaluation and management
Improving overall quality of life:
- Identifying and progressing toward goals that are important to you
- Increasing physical activity levels
- Building confidence and self-efficacy
Increasing access to your community
- Enabling access to community groups and resources
- Enabling access to recreation and activity groups
- Enabling access to work and study
Managing your dizziness:
- Vestibular assessment and rehabilitation
Managing your muscle tone:
- Spasticity and tone assessments
- Rehabilitation and equipment provision
Working with your support team:
- Collaborating with your OT, Neuropsychologist, medical team, Orthotists, or other Health Professionals
- Comprehensive training of family and support workers
We’re here to help and if you have any questions about Physiotherapy or a Physiotherapy program that meets your needs please call us on (03) 9885 2533, email firstname.lastname@example.org or visit our Contact page for more information including our referral forms.
Find out about our physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech pathology NDIS services. | <urn:uuid:d71d4540-35a3-4b82-af2a-858274a9042f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://independent-rehab.com.au/physiotherapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936184 | 583 | 1.789063 | 2 |
As this year’s exam season creeps closer, here are five top tips for teachers using CENTURY to support students’ revision efforts.
1. Encourage students to focus on working through their pathway
A common comment we hear from schools is that students will often spend a lot of time revising topics they are already confident with. While this may make students feel reassured, it can give them a false sense of confidence about their progress.
Around revision time, you may wish to emphasize to students the importance of following their pathway, which includes nuggets you have assigned and those generated by the AI, and discourage them from simply going into the 'My Courses' tab and choosing nuggets themselves.
This will ensure that they're focussing on plugging their gaps in knowledge and not just continually revisiting their favourite topics.
‘When pupils sit down and think to themselves "okay, what do I have to revise?", the odds of them getting that right based on their own ideas and intuition alone is pretty small. Having the ability to set some work on CENTURY and knowing that once they've done that, the AI will kick in and give them some good recommendations really provides you with peace of mind.’
- Tom Dean, Assistant Head, Wapping High School
2. Suggest students skip the learning materials
To encourage retrieval practice, suggest students skip over the learning material and directly attempt to answer the questions. The effectiveness of this will naturally depend on students’ level of confidence with the given topic, but it is a useful strategy for revisiting content that students are already reasonably confident with.
In addition to being an effective way to implement retrieval practice, you may find that this strategy also provides some of your students with a wakeup call if they find themselves scoring poorly without the crutch of the learning materials, despite having initially been confident that they had no need to revise the chosen topic.
If this is the case, students can always go back to the nugget again, this time viewing the material, and reattempt the nugget with new questions.
3. Use interleaving and spacing to reinforce long-term retention
Interleaving - or the process of continually retrieving the appropriate information for a task and bringing it into our short term memory - can strengthen the neural connections between different tasks. This results in better long-term retention than the ‘blocking’ technique, when students study one topic fully before moving on to another.
You can read more about interleaving and spacing here, but for now, we’ll focus on how to implement them using CENTURY.
The memory boost function on CENTURY encourages students to use these strategies throughout the year, as it continually reintroduces nuggets which students have already completed into the pathway to test retention.
As exams approach, it may also be helpful to manually assign any priority revision content for students to complete at home to ensure students have fully retained all the necessary information. Content assigned by you as a teacher will be prioritised in the students’ pathway.
In the classroom, you can use CENTURY to revisit topics by asking students to complete a specific nugget at the beginning of the lesson. Nuggets takes on average 5-15 minutes to complete, depending on the topic, making them the perfect length of time for a starter activity. The data you gain from this will also inform whether or not more lesson time is needed to revisit the chosen topic.
4. Use the data to arrange targeted revision sessions
Rather than inviting an entire class or year group to a revision session, try assigning a relevant nugget in advance of the session and only inviting those students who need additional support.
This will allow you to work more closely with the students who need support, and means that those students who are already confident with the specific topic can spend time focussed on their individual knowledge gaps.
If all but one or two of your students score surprisingly well on the nugget, then you can also use this information to adjust your plans accordingly, providing one-on-one support for those students but choosing a different topic for a group revision session.
‘For the next 10 weeks or so, our interventions in school are going to be based on CENTURY results. For example, rather than inviting the whole of Year 11 to a thirty minute after-school session on forces, we set everybody the appropriate nuggets, and then we just invite the pupils who clearly need extra support. Rather than having half an hour with 50 kids, we can now spend 10 minutes with five pupils. We can use the data from CENTURY to decide who to invite to those sessions, and which topics to do. So this is a way to be more efficient and economical with our revision time, whilst actually having a greater impact.’
- Tom Dean, Assistant Head, Wapping High School
5. Ask students to share their knowledge
Use the class-level data on your Teacher Dashboard to identify two nuggets that a significant number of students need to revisit.
Once you have assigned these nuggets to the whole class, split the class into pairs, and ask each student in the pair to complete a different nugget while making notes and writing down questions. Once the students have done so, they can ‘test’ their partner by asking the questions from their assigned nugget and if their partner is unable to answer, use their notes to help explain the topic they have covered.
While these nuggets could simply be assigned as homework, doing this activity within the classroom allows you as a teacher to answer questions and address any misconceptions that arise on the spot.
To check their understanding, you can then ask students to complete the nugget they did not do in the lesson independently.
Learn more about how CENTURY can be used to enhance your students’ revision. | <urn:uuid:2ea51b51-1e20-4e20-9ff6-786d83367ed4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.century.tech/news/five-ways-to-use-century-for-revision/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948257 | 1,209 | 2.671875 | 3 |
[Editorial update, 14 April, 5:10pm] The article has been updated to include SPF’s clarification.
We have been alerted to several claims regarding spot checks being done at households around Singapore as part of the enforcement of COVID-19 Circuit Breaker measures that prohibit social gatherings. Beyond gathering in groups outdoors, this particular measure also extends to individuals who visit houses that are not their own.
From 12 April, any individual caught flouting Circuit Breaker measures will also be issued an immediate fine of $300.
Here are the claims that we came across:
1. Random checks by authorities
This message claims that random spot checks are being done by the authorities to ensure that all individuals present in a house have the same address registered on their ICs.
However, it is uncertain which government agencies the “authorities” mentioned in the message come from.
2. A fine from the Singapore Police Force
Next, a post shared on public Facebook group SG Covidiots shows two photos.
The first shows two Police officers standing at the common corridor of a HDB block, seemingly keeping a lookout. It is important to note that the source and context of the photo are unknown.
The other photo in the post is a screenshot of an individual’s Instagram Story.
Here’s a closer look at the screenshot:
In a photo of what seems to be a letter issued by the Singapore Police Force, the individual shares that he got a warning letter for going to his mother’s house, fuelling rumours that the Police are conducting spot checks at houses.
On 14 April, SPF has come forward to deny these claims, stating that they “do not proactively conduct checks at residential units” to enforce safe distancing measures.
In a Facebook post, SPF shared more information about the incident, revealing that the Police had received a call from a man for Police assistance for a family dispute at about 9.55pm. It was during the engagement that officers discovered that there was a gathering of family members, two of whom were not from the household living in the residential unit. The two individuals were the man who called for Police assistance and his wife.
A warning was then issued to the couple for not complying with the elevated safe distancing measures.
The Police added that while they do not proactively conduct checks at residential units, they will still take enforcement action if they come across anyone flouting safe distancing measures when attending to other types of incidents at residential units reported by the public.
The claim that SPF is conducting spot checks on households is therefore false.
3. NEA conducting full searches in houses?
In another tip-off, an individual reached out to us, sharing that he received a forwarded message which claims that it is the National Environment Agency (NEA) that is conducting full searches of houses to check if there are any individuals flouting Circuit Breaker rules.
NEA has responded to our request for clarification, stating that it does not employ Enforcement Officers (EOs) to conduct enforcement of safe distancing measures in homes.
NEA’s Safe Distancing EOs are mainly deployed at or near markets and cooked food sections of hawker centres to ensure that members of the public comply with safe distancing measures during the month-long Circuit Breaker period.
“However, our vector control officers continue to be on the ground conducting dengue house inspections in view of the high number of dengue cases seen in the first three months of this year,” it added.
The claim that NEA is conducting full searches of houses to check if there are any individuals flouting Circuit Breaker measures is therefore false.
4. Are SATS staff doing it too?
Finally, another tip-off alleges that staff from SATS have been reassigned to conduct these spot checks.
The sender of the tip-off claims that he/she got the information from his/her friend’s sister who’s a SATS staff.
Thus, the claim that spot checks are being done at households to ensure that individuals adhere to the Circuit Breaker measure of social distancing is false. | <urn:uuid:ad1b05d0-a461-4394-a4eb-89a637952bb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blackdotresearch.sg/covidwatch-are-spot-checks-being-done-at-homes-to-ensure-no-social-gatherings-are-happening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967165 | 862 | 1.554688 | 2 |
RadDropDownTree has a built-in property that enables easy usage of the checkboxes. The default value of CheckBoxes property is None and there are three states that can be set to the nodes of the tree in the dropdown:
SingleCheck - Enables checking of nodes without effecting its child or parent nodes like in "CheckChildNodes" and "TriState".
CheckChildNodes - Checks all child and sub child nodes (if there are any) of a single node.
TriState - When set in the DropDownTree it allows for Nodes' CheckBoxes to have an additional, third state called Indeterminate. A Node's CheckBox is in Indeterminate state if it has both Checked and Unchecked CheckBoxes of child Nodes.
You can also use the ShowCheckAll properties that is available with the ButtonSettings as described in the ButtonSettings article.
From Q1 2014 RadDropDownTree has a built-in property called CheckNodeOnClick. Its default value is set to false but when it is set to true it allow checking the checkbox when clicking on the node itself. This functionality can be quite handy in mobile scenarios when touching the checkbox may be tricky for the users. | <urn:uuid:06cba2a4-413c-4f9d-bf00-a83167e62f95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.telerik.com/devtools/aspnet-ajax/controls/dropdowntree/functionality/checkboxes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.850189 | 257 | 1.585938 | 2 |
This is a very popular and in most cases simple procedure to improve the appearance of natural teeth. Tooth whitening should only be undertaken after an oral assessment by a dentist to check the underlying condition of the teeth to be whitened.
A colour/shade match before the treatment allows a simple assessment to be made of what the likely result will be. We usually take photographs before and after to show the improvement which can be significant in most cases.
If done properly, tooth whitening is a very effective, safe non invasive way to improve the appearance of your teeth. This may be used alongside restorative treatment to get some remarkable cosmetic results.
Book in to discuss what you may need to have done to improve your smile. | <urn:uuid:1f53f242-ab82-4a7b-bf0d-d5dadd215fa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brompton-house.co.uk/tooth-whitening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921655 | 152 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The project involves building a 19km single-track branch off the existing Velje – Herning line near Jelling with two new stations serving the Legoland theme park and the airport. The maximum speed on the branch will be 120km/h, with a projected journey time of 29 minutes between the airport and Velje.
Under the agreement, DKr 734m ($US 135m) will be allocated to the construction of the railway, and the government will provide a further DKr 16m to complete environmental impact studies. The line is expected to open in 2020.
The project will be funded through Togfonden DK, a DKr 28.5bn fund approved by the government last year, which will use tax revenues from North Sea oil to fund investment in rail infrastructure.
Billund is currently the busiest airport in Denmark without a rail link. | <urn:uuid:1a09ce54-0ec0-4f65-9898-41e7d7814901> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/main-line/deal-reached-on-billund-airport-rail-link/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935027 | 176 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Puff, puff! Brrm, brrm! Whoosh, whoosh! Join Thomas and Bertie for a noisy day. Press the sound button to hear Thomas puff on his way! Children will love joining in and making all the puff, brrm and whoosh vehicle sounds as you share the rhyming story in this colourful and fun board book.
The perfect book for preschoolers with a love of sounds, vehicles and Thomas the Tank Engine! Thomas has been teaching children lessons about life and friendship for 75 years.
He ranks alongside other beloved characters such as Paddington Bear, Winnie-the-Pooh and Peter Rabbit as an essential part of our literary heritage. | <urn:uuid:7d9d58c2-b81c-4c9e-b728-003e2b4e4541> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Farshore/Noisy-Thomas-sound-book/9781405295208 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947588 | 143 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Lean Muscle Without Muscle Bulk
Today, the fitness industry is filled with different perspectives on how to accomplish everything from gaining muscle bulk to losing fat.
It seems for each topic about health and fitness, there are hundreds of different methods which have all led to the same result. However, many of these methods are misleading and are only accomplished through other extreme measures in addition to the method itself.
Gaining strength is no different, and it has become popularized that in order to gain strength, you need to bulk. Bulking is a strategy where you increase your weight in order to gain strength, and then cut the weight while maintaining the added strength.
However, this is a very misleading method, as in a bulking stage many people typically also gain fat. Then, many people find it difficult to cut after bulking and maintain their weight without ever losing the fat they put on. In many cases, bulking is not done properly and it does not lead to increased strength.
The truth is, there are many ways to gain strength without having to go through the thought and risks of bulking.
Adding Muscle Bulk
The biggest step to gaining strength lies in your exercises. It is important to set up a sustainable and enjoyable workout plan in order to maximize your gains at the gym while being able to stick to the plan for an extended period of time.
Many plans are intense and seem impossible at the start, so people don’t try them. The key is to begin to implement your plans slowly. If you are attempting to go from never going to the gym to going five days a week, you will most likely fail and regress to never going.
However, if you start by going to the gym two days a week, this is much more achievable. Then, once you have grown accustomed to going twice a week, you can begin to go three times, and so on. This way, you gradually increase your workout, and in turn, your strength increases with the added workouts while not adding unwanted muscle bulk.
Also, it is equally important to not overdo your workouts. Insufficient recovery and overactive cardio routines are two of the largest reasons for the lack of muscle bulk growth. If you go to the gym every day or work the same muscles every day, they are not getting the proper time to recover.
Muscles need this time to recover and repair the damage done to them when lifting the heavier weights, so days off for these muscles is essential. Also, when performing too much cardio, the gains from your workouts can be wiped out. Instead, try to stick to a cardio routine where you either perform the cardio before or well after your strength training.
This will allow you to maximize your muscle bulk gains at the gym while still incorporating cardio. Also, if possible, try less strenuous forms of cardio like walking or the stair climber, as these will be less damaging to your muscles and allow for better recovery from your strength sessions.
Diets to Increase Muscle Without Bulk
Possibly the most important part of gaining strength without bulking is dietary habits. It is possible to still get the necessary protein content needed to increase muscle bulk and strength without also increasing your carbohydrates and fats which will lead to gaining fat.
The key here is to incorporate protein into every meal and track how much you are taking in. To maximize strength without muscle bulk and growth, you need at least .75 to 1 gram of protein for every pound of body weight. For me, this would mean getting around 185 grams of protein to maximize muscle bulk and growth.
For some, they go even above this number in order to see improved results. This is a large protein total, and difficult to achieve without also largely increasing your fat and carbohydrate intake.
To maximize this protein intake without bulking, here are some important sources of protein to incorporate into your diet. First, whey protein is the most popular source of protein for after workouts and can truly help your gains.
By drinking a protein shake, you automatically get around 25 to 30 grams of protein with minimal carbs and fats. This also helps with muscle recovery and provides a filling source of protein after your workout.
After whey protein, meats are the other best source of protein. Lean meats such as ground turkey, chicken, and lean ground beef are the most effective ways to get a high protein count with fewer carbs and fats.
After this, eggs and egg whites both provide good sources of protein. With about 7 grams of protein in eggs and 5 grams in egg whites with 0 grams of fat, they can both help you accomplish your protein goals without adding fats and carbs.
Finally, there are various other sources of protein you can incorporate for snacks such as Greek yogurt, beef jerky, powdered peanut butter, and even high protein ice cream for dessert if you like. The key is to find what foods you like and look for ways to boost their protein content while reducing fat and carbs.
Exercise to Failure
The final most important factor in gaining strength is pushing yourself in your workouts. To maximize your strength, you need to always strive to lift more weight. It is only natural that if you are lifting more weight, your strength will improve.
Therefore, try to set goals to increase your weight every month if you are an experienced lifter or every week if you are new to lifting. Start with a comfortable weight you can perform in order to make sure you are using the proper form to target the muscle bulk you are improving, and then gradually and periodically increase this weight.
Now that you are checking out 10 Thrilling Ways A Ketones Diet Plan Aids Health
Let’s learn more about the Keto Diet and Keto Meal Plans.
5 Building Lean Muscle Without Muscle Bulk FAQ
1. How do I gain strength without muscle bulk?
a. Timing is everything. Protein consumption helps build lean body mass.
b. Recovery is the most important part of your workout.
c. Drink a protein shake before bed.
d. Consume protein during your workout.
e. Lose fat not muscle when you diet.
2. What is a good lean muscle mass?
Lean body mass is calculated as the difference between total body weight and body fat weight, or more simply, the weight of everything except the fat. The range of lean body mass considered to be healthy is around 70% – 90% with women being towards the lower end of the range and men higher.
3. What is the difference between lean muscle and muscle bulk?
People often use the terms “lean body mass” and “muscle mass” interchangeably, but they’re not the same. Lean body mass includes muscle mass, as well as bones and bodily fluid. Muscle mass is the size of your muscles.
4. Is it better to be lean or muscular?
Because getting bigger and stronger is harder to do and takes more time than it does to lose body fat. What’s more, having more muscle mass and strength provides a much bigger return on investment than just losing body fat.
5. Can you be skinny strong?
So, yes – you can have both – and you should strive to. It’s totally possible to be skinny and strong, and the benefits are plentiful.
In conclusion, the main aspects necessary to gain strength without muscle bulk are setting a consistent and sustainable plan, proper muscle recovery, increasing your daily protein intake, and having intense workouts. If you follow these four steps, it is inevitable you will see progress in your strength gains.
The progress you will see will be equal to if not better than the strength increase from bulking, without the hassle and risk of needing to constantly worry about bulking or cutting. Thank you for taking the time to review our post about gaining a strong body without obvious muscle bulk.
Please leave an honest review of how you like the exercises you try and if possible any changes you made that made a better workout experience. Did the program allow you to gain lean muscle with building muscle bulk?
Our members at Hot Bod Zone love to hear from people and try the innovations about exercise and how it benefited you. To share a recipe contact us through our website.
This article may give you more insight on building lean muscle the easy way. | <urn:uuid:285407fa-f650-4fb0-a6ee-c0bac63ec0be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hotbodzone.com/5-proven-ways-to-avoid-muscle-bulk-gain-lean-muscle/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957366 | 1,701 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Trauma, pinched nerve in the back, muscle strain, or a herniated intervertebral disc in the middle back could be the contributing factors for middle back pain. This HealthHearty write-up provides information on the causes of middle back pain on the left side.
The human spine, which is also referred to as the vertebral column, comprises 33 vertebrae that are stacked one on top of the other. It performs the vital function of protecting the spinal cord, which in turn connects the body to the brain. Many nerves of the peripheral nervous system branch out from the spinal cord to various parts of the body. The S-shaped spine is divided into the cervical (neck) spine, thoracic (thorax or chest) spine, and the lumbar (lower back) spine. The vertebrae are connected to each other through ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Between the vertebrae lie intervertebral discs that act as cushions or shock absorbers. The thoracic spine is the middle segment of the vertebral column that lies between the cervical and the lumbar vertebrae. Middle back pain occurs in the event of injury to muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, or nerves. Inflammation or damage to these structures could occur due to certain medical conditions.
Middle back pain could occur due to a wide range of reasons. The pain might radiate to the left side, if the affected structure is located towards the left side.
The muscles of the back could get strained due to repeated bending or twisting motions. At times, the muscles could get strained due to lifting heavy objects. Lifting an object in a wrong way could also be a contributing factor. Weightlifters are at a risk of developing strains, as the muscles of the back could get stretched beyond the normal limits. At times, the muscles might develop a tear. The risk of injury is also high when one has to lift heavy objects overhead. Even a blow to the back could cause damage to the muscles. Back pain could also be attributed to a poor posture.
Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect the bones with one another. Their main function is to hold the structures together, thereby providing stability. Ligaments could get strained due to overuse injuries. Blow to the back, twisting motions, lifting heavy objects in an incorrect manner, etc., are some of the causes of a ligament sprain. The severity of pain would depend on the grade of sprain. If the ligament has just been stretched beyond the normal limits, the recovery would be faster. The recovery period would be longer in the event of partial or complete rupturing of the ligament.
Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous discs located between the vertebrae. These act as shock absorbers for the vertebrae. Each disc has a hard exterior called annulus fibrosus, and a soft interior called nucleus pulposus. One is diagnosed with a herniated disc, when the hard exterior cracks, causing the soft, jelly-like material to flow out. The jelly-like material can exert pressure on the nerves that are present in the adjoining region. If a nerve gets compressed due to the slipped disc, it could give rise to pain.
Middle back pain could also be experienced by individuals affected by degenerative diseases. Degeneration of vertebrae due to osteoporosis or excessive use of cortisone injections can make the bones susceptible to fractures even with slightest amount of stress on the spine. If the vertebrae located in the middle back region get damaged, it could cause pain in this region. Pain could also be caused due to inflammatory joint conditions such as arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Sometimes, people affected by gastroenteritis or stomach flu complain of pain in the middle back.
Taking rest is an important part of the treatment. The affected individual should refrain from performing any physical activity that can lead to a muscle strain. Resting the back will allow the affected muscle or ligaments to heal. Application of a heating pad will also provide relief from pain. To reduce inflammation, anti-inflammatory medicines and muscle relaxants are usually prescribed. Doctors usually recommend physical therapy for strengthening the muscles and ligaments. It is only in some rare cases, where the spine has been badly damaged due to an injury or a degenerative disease, that a surgery is recommended.
Upper or middle back pain could be caused due to sitting for long hours in a wrong posture. Thus, improve the posture, and ensure that your back is supported. Also, refrain from lifting very heavy objects, and if you do, make sure that you are lifting them properly. If the back pain persists, consult your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is solely for educating the reader. It is not intended to be a substitute for the advice of a medical expert. | <urn:uuid:14e6b023-088a-4bde-b91d-78bad3c14ec9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthhearty.com/middle-left-back-pain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944622 | 1,041 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Previous studies have demonstrated that following stroke, motor impairment can occur ipsilateral to the lesion. Such impairments have provided insight into the contributions of each hemisphere to movement control, showing that left and right hemisphere damage produce different effects on movement: Left hemisphere damage produces deficits in specifying features of movement trajectory, while right hemisphere damage produces deficits in achieving an accurate and stable final position. We now propose that left and right hemisphere damage should also produce different deficits in the adaptation of trajectory and position. To test this idea, we examined adaptation to visuomotor rotations in the ipsilesional arms of hemiparetic stroke patients with left (LHD) and right hemisphere damage (RHD). We found that LHD interfered with adaptation of initial direction, but not with the ability to adapt the final position of the limb. In contrast, RHD interfered with online corrections to the final position during the course of adaptation. These findings support our hypothesis that the control of trajectory and steady-state position may be lateralized to the left and right hemispheres, respectively.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Molecular Biology
- Clinical Neurology
- Developmental Biology | <urn:uuid:0fb56b9e-45be-4c8e-9960-069ff6f50b06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/dissociation-of-initial-trajectory-and-final-position-errors-duri | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.863163 | 248 | 2 | 2 |
A model for predicting sand erosion in 90 degree elbows and bends has been developed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle tracking and erosion data. After the flow field was obtained from the flow (CFD) model, particles were introduced into the flow and particle trajectories were computed using a Lagrangian approach. A model was also implemented that accounts for the interaction between the particles and the target material. Based on predicted particle impingement velocities, erosion rates and penetration rates were predicted using the empirical equations for erosion ratio. The predicted penetration rates are compared with available experimental data for several different elbows. The agreement between the predicted penetration rates and the experimental data is good. The erosion model is applied to standard (short-radius) elbows and long-radius elbows to understand why long radius elbows have lower erosion (penetration) rates. In addition, based on many predictions and erosion rate results, a new CFD based correlation is developed and is recommended as a first-order approximation for engineering calculations to account for effects of elbow radius on erosion in long-radius elbows. This equation is for computing the ratio of the wall thickness loss (or the penetration rate) in a long-radius elbow to the penetration rate of a standard (short-radius) elbow. The results from the correlation agree well with the trend of available data in the literature. | <urn:uuid:92a6aed1-7ce8-4e23-889f-13fe067f1201> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dynamicsystems.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ETCE/proceedings-abstract/ETCE2001/80197/503/1082834?searchresult=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956795 | 275 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The CDC posted a press release last month revealing STDs are at an unprecedented high in the U.S. In fact, “despite recent declines, 2015 was the second year in a row in which increases were seen in all three nationally reported STDs.” It will be interesting to see where these numbers come in at the end of 2016. The increases from just 2014 to 2015 ranged from a 5.9% increase of chlamydia to a 19.0% increase of P&S syphilis.
This is where everyone begins tossing theories around. Some blame budget cuts for education, and others blame social media. They’re actually calling it the “Tinder Effect,” blaming dating apps that encourage casual sex.
The consequences of casual sex are only magnified by yet another new CDC report comparing the overall physical and mental health of both sexually active heterosexual and LGBTQ young people with virgins and concluding, “students who had no sexual contact have a much lower prevalence of most health-risk behaviors.” Yes, you read that correctly. The CDC just published a report revealing virgins are less likely to smoke, drink, use drugs, feel depressed, attempt suicide, and engage in over a dozen different risky behaviors. (We’ve began seeing quite a few articles highlighting these vast differences.)
Hmmmmmm. Could it be that some people are actually noticing sex matters?
Those who are engaging in casual sex are paying a big price. So what is the cause behind this unprecedented increase in STDs?
As a guy who has my eyes on these articles every day, I wouldn’t dare suggest one specific cause of this increase in STDs. It’s probably a little messier than that. Sadly, I see numerous sources providing misinformation about sexual activity:
- Sexually charged television is becoming more commonplace and easier to access.
- We’ve seen a huge increase in the availability of porn and the consequences of frequent viewing.
- There is a growing number of hookup apps available.
- Today’s teen role models are overtly sexual.
- Today’s top music is not only overtly sensual, but encourages casual sex.
Don’t take my word for it; just take a listen to the messages young people are listening to day in and day out. For example: Common Sense Media revealed teens average almost 2 hours per day just listening to music (out of their 9-hours per day entertainment media diet).
Is music a big part of this misinformation?
I’ll let you decide.
Here’s a sample of some of those lyrics from the top of the Billboard charts right now:
Closer, by The Chainsmokers (No. 2 on the charts)
Now you’re looking pretty in a hotel bar
And I can’t stop
No, I can’t stop
So baby pull me closer in the backseat of your Rover…
24K Magic, by Bruno Mars (No. 4 on the charts)
Oh sh*t, I’m a dangerous man with some money in my pocket (keep up)
So many pretty girls around me and they waking up the rocket (keep up)…
Side to Side, by Ariana Grande (No. 6 on the charts)
Feeling like I wanna rock with your body
And we don’t gotta think ’bout nothin’
I’m comin’ at ya
‘Cause I know you got a bad reputation
Doesn’t matter, ’cause you give me temptation…
Wrist icicle, ride d**k bicycle…
Broccoli, by D.R.A.M. (No. 9 on the charts)
Whispered in my ear she trying to leave with me (She wanna f**k)
Said that I can get that p**sy easily (I’m gonna f**k)
Caroline, by Amine (No. 12 on the charts)
Don’t wanna talk it out, can we f**k it out?
Cause we gon’ be up all night, f**k a decaf
You say I’m a tall thug, guess I’m a G-raffe
If ya want safe-sex, baby use the knee pads
Freaky with the sticky icky…
Starving, by Hailee Steinfeld (No. 13 on the charts)
I didn’t know that I was starving ’til I tasted you
Don’t need no butterflies when you give me the whole d*mn zoo
By the way, right away you do things to my body
I didn’t know that I was starving ’til I tasted you…
OOOUUU, by Young M.A. (No. 22 on the charts)
We got liquor by the boatload (That Henny)
Disrespect the Lyfe that’s a no-no (That’s a no-no)
All my niggas dressed in that rojo (Redlyfe)
I ride for my guys, that’s the bro code (That’s the bro code)
Baby gave me head, that’s a low blow (That’s a low blow)
D*mn, she make me weak when she deepthroat (When she deepthroat)
I need a rich b**ch, not a cheap hoe (Not a cheap hoe)…
Do you Mind, by KJ Khaled (No. 27 on the charts)
Girl I know your body, know where every curve at
We be going all night till the early
Know you, know you wanna take off when you on my runway
We ain’t got to talk bodies conversate
Baby by the way I touch you you know what I’m saying…
Bad Things, by Machine Gun Kelly (No. 28 on the charts)
Nothing’s that bad
If it feels good…
And we’re both wild
And the night’s young
And you’re my drug…
Nails scratchin’ my back tatt
Eyes closed while you scream out
And you keep me in with those hips
While my teeth sink in those lips
While your body’s giving me life…
X, by 21 Savage (No. 36 on the charts)
I got model b**ches wanna lick me like some candy
And them drugs come in handy
Last name Savage b**ch, but no I’m not Randy
Hit her with no condom, had to make her eat a plan B
And I’m sippin’ on that Codeine, not Brandy…
Needed Me, by Rihanna (No. 38 on the charts)
You was good on the low for a faded f**k, on some faded love
S**t, what the f**k you complaining for?
Feeling jaded, huh?
Used to trip off that s**t I was kickin’ to you
Had some fun on the run though I give it to you…
I think you’re probably starting to get the picture:
“I can’t stop”
“don’t gotta think about nothing”
“nothing’s that bad if it feels good”
“hit her with no condom”
If I were to summarize the messages flowing through every Wi-Fi signal and dancing across every screen, it might be this: I can’t help it. Go with what feels good at the moment! No consequences!
The sad fact is… there are consequences.
CDC reveals that young men and bisexual men are at the greatest risk. Somewhere, somehow, we’re failing to provide young males with truth… or young males aren’t interested in hearing it. We need to be proactive about creating a climate of continual conversations with young men (which is why I wrote a book specifically to guys about becoming a man).
But young women are the ones facing the most serious long-term health consequences, a big one being infertility. STD’s cause infertility to more than 20,000 women each year.
In a world so full of misinformation… how can you provide good information?
Are you having these discussions?
Do your kids know sex matters? | <urn:uuid:9f58fa9d-98f3-4fae-9e12-c198e48a2fa7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jonathanmckeewrites.com/stds-unprecedented-high/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906405 | 1,784 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Kika Tuff, Elana Kimbrell, Emily Therese Cloyd, Matt Talarico, Peter Hoffman, Ryan Trenkamp | 2021 | 5 min.
2022 Official Selection
When oyster larvae in the Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery began dying en masse, hatchery manager Alan Barton sought clues to the underlying cause. After partnering with marine scientist Burke Hale and studying local ocean chemistry, they were able to identify the root cause – ocean acidification – and adjust their farming practices to save oyster production.
For more information: | <urn:uuid:077ea861-3b50-4b2e-ad2a-6797c63d110f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wildandscenicfilmfestival.org/film/the-oyster-farmer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.849921 | 113 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Surgery is usually the first stage of breast cancer treatment. The aim of surgery is to remove the cancer cells from the breast. The cancer (tumour) is then sent to a pathologist who will develop a pathology report. This will help your medical team to decide the best treatment options for you. For more information about this, visit the pathology page of this website.
The two main types of breast cancer surgery are:
- Breast conserving surgery (also called lumpectomy, partial mastectomy or wide local excision). This involves the removal of the part of the breast affected by the cancer; and
- Mastectomy. This involves the total removal of one or both breasts.
In most cases, breast cancer surgery also involves the removal of one or more lymph nodes from the armpit (axilla). For more information on this, please read the section on types of surgery.
In some instances, especially if you have a large tumour, chemotherapy or hormone therapy may be recommended before you have surgery. This will help to shrink the tumour before breast cancer surgery. This is called neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Making your decision
The type of surgery you have will depend on your particular breast cancer (the pathology) and your personal preference. It’s important to make sure you have all the information you need before you make a decision. Don’t be afraid to ask your surgeon questions, or to get a second opinion from another surgeon if you are unhappy with, or unsure about, the advice you receive.
If you are offered a choice between breast conserving surgery and mastectomy, ask your doctor if there is any reason she or he would recommend one over the other.
Breast conserving surgery is often followed by a course of three to six weeks of radiotherapy. You may want to ask about radiotherapy before making your decision.
Before surgery, some women also ask for a referral to a plastic surgeon if they think they may want to have a breast reconstruction. Some types of reconstruction are done at the same time as breast cancer surgery, so it is important to think about reconstruction before your breast cancer surgery. Our Breast reconstruction page has more information about what’s involved in breast reconstruction.
Does your surgeon participate in the BreastSurgANZ Quality Audit?
If you are in the process of choosing a surgeon, you may wish to see if there is a surgeon in your area who participates in the BreastSurgANZ Quality Audit.
The Audit collects data and information from breast surgeons across Australia and New Zealand about the treatment and care of women with breast cancer. The Audit was established in 1998 with the purpose of improving the quality of care for women with breast cancer. It now has more than 300 surgeons from Australia and New Zealand participating in the reporting process.
The ‘find a surgeon’ section of the BreastSurgANZ website has a list of participating surgeons.
Information about some of the research that has resulted from the data collected through the Audit can be found on our BreastSurgANZ Quality Audit page.
Staying in hospital
The amount of time you spend in hospital will depend on the type of surgery you have and how you respond to it. Your surgeon can give you an idea of what to expect.
Here are some tips from other women to help make your hospital stay more comfortable:
- Buy some pyjamas that button at the front. They are easier for you to manage, and make it easier for your medical team to check your dressings.
- If you are sharing a room or are easily disturbed, pack earplugs and/or a music player.
- If you have a breast care nurse, ask her to order you a free My Care Kit. The kit contains a Berlei bra which has been specially designed for women to wear after breast cancer surgery.
- Before you go to hospital, you might like to order a free breast care cushion from Zonta. The cushion can be tucked under your arm to provide support when you sleep. Zonta breast care cushions are also available from most major hospitals.
Side effects of surgery
Lymphoedema is swelling in the arm or the breast following the removal of lymph nodes in the armpit. You can find more information in the lymphoedema section of our website
Seromas are collections of fluid which occur in the area where the surgery took place. They are quite common following surgery. In most cases the fluid will be absorbed by your body over time. If it is uncomfortable, it can be drained by a member of your medical team.
Cording is a common side effect of breast cancer surgery. Cording refers to the development of tender vertical ‘cords’ in the armpit after the lymph nodes have been removed. Cording creates a pulling sensation down to the elbow or wrist. It is not harmful, but if tender, a warm pack on the area may help to reduce discomfort. Cording usually disappears by itself within a few months. If you are having trouble with cording, a physiotherapist can help you with gentle massage and exercises.
If you would like more information on breast cancer surgery, please consider the following resources:
- Sign up to BCNA's My Journey for more information about mastectomies and breast surgery.
- The personal stories section of our website contains stories written by women who have undergone breast reconstruction surgery.
- Join our online network if you think talking to others online and sharing experiences will help.
- Visit our breast reconstruction page. It provides more information about the procedures involved in breast reconstruction.
- The Westmead Breast Cancer Institute has a brochure called Your Breast Cancer Operation which helps to explain what to expect before and after your breast cancer surgery. A brochure is also available on post-operative Wound Care. You can order these and other brochures free of charge through their website. | <urn:uuid:1c0a16c2-02b5-4ac8-a83a-91e111c0b48d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bcna.org.au/understanding-breast-cancer/treatment/surgery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.948214 | 1,233 | 2.109375 | 2 |
If you have dementia, this means that you have problems remembering things, your family and friends often say that you repeat yourself and you may have difficulty remembering what you were doing or where you were going. Sometimes, when you are with other people, you have difficulty keeping up with what is being said and you don't really understand what they are talking about. You might need to undergo dementia investigation, and if you are ill, there is a lot of support available.
The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, which is when the nerve cells atrophy in one or more areas of the brain. Other common forms of dementia are vascular dementia and frontotemporal dementia. Vascular dementia is caused by disruption of the blood flow to the brain so that parts of the brain do not get enough nutrition and oxygen. Frontotemporal dementia involves atrophy of the nerve cells in the front part of the brain, the frontal lobe and anterior portion of the temporal lobe. As a result, the actions and thoughts that are controlled from there do not work as they did before.
What can daily life with dementia be like?
- You might often become confused and sometimes you might go out in the middle of the night.
- You might forget about activities, events and other important things.
- You might forget who is who in your family and feel ashamed because of this.
- You might not dare to go out because you're afraid of falling or not being able to find your way back home.
- You might have difficulty with steps, thresholds and other obstacles.
- Your hands might shake and you often make mistakes when operating remote controls and buttons.
Early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are usually having problems with your memory and an altered sense of time. Other symptoms may include having difficulty speaking and feeling anxious, depressed and having no get-up-and-go. It is common to be aware of your own difficulties and so you withdraw into yourself and avoid contact with others. Other early symptoms are having difficulty following TV programmes or understanding contexts when reading newspapers. You may have difficulty being by yourself, even for fairly short periods. This may be due to an inability to assess how long someone close to you has been away. It is common for our memories to get worse as we get older, and it might be hard to tell whether you have just become forgetful or whether you have developed Alzheimer's disease. It is very rare for people under the age of 50 to get Alzheimer's disease.
If you suffer from dementia, you may often have difficulty performing practical tasks such as paying bills, planning your weekly food shopping, cooking or traveling by yourself. It might even be a challenge for you to find your way about. Night and day become confused, and you may have difficulty concentrating on one thing at a time. With time, you may have greater difficulty keeping clean, showering and washing. Sometimes, some people might even become aggressive and suspicious.
Most people with Alzheimer's disease can be cared for in their own home. There is no recovery from the disease, but there are drugs available that partly reduce the symptoms. Some people may be aware of definite improvements, for example in their ability to concentrate, in their memory or in their verbal capacity. These drugs can often help the various centers of the brain to work for longer than would be the case without treatment.
How can we help you?
We at Abilia can help you when you feel that you no longer have control over what is happening in your environment. We have a wide range of different aids in the area of cognition that can help you to cope better with your daily life. A calendar on your bedside table, for instance, can help you to remember what day it is and whether it is daytime or night-time. A digital wall calendar can help you to remember important activities and events, both big and small. This gives you a clear idea of what is happening that day and provides you with reminders of who is coming to visit, scheduled doctor's appointments, reminders to take your medicine etc. It will also make it easier for you to maintain contact with those close to you. The Handi activity calendar also allows you to take your calendar with you wherever you go.
Abilia can also offer you simple remote controls that can be adapted to suit your specific needs. All of our controls have large and clear buttons, which makes it easier for you to press the right button. On many of our controls, you can simply choose which pictures and symbols you want to have on the buttons, so that it will also be easier for you to remember what button goes with what.
We also have aids for improving your safety at home. For example, we have a timer for the stove for preventing fires, or different types of alarm that are activated if you decide to go outside for a walk in the middle of the night.
Handi 5 SW
MEMO Dayboard is a planning tool for those of you who need a visual overview of the day in relation to the course of time.
It’s sometimes difficult to create structure in everyday life. It takes a lot of energy to try to keep track of everything, which may make you feel stressed and anxious. | <urn:uuid:4b146587-17a5-46af-a093-3a2ebfb212f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abilia.com/intl/users/diagnoses/dementia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97138 | 1,096 | 3.09375 | 3 |
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All fans of large-fruited tomatoes will be interested in the Orange Giant. It is a very productive variety. It will delight summer residents not only with the taste of its fruits, but also with unpretentious care.
“Orange giant” was bred by domestic specialists in 2001, received state registration as a variety recommended for cultivation in unprotected soil and in greenhouse shelters in 2002.
In our article you will find detailed information about these tomatoes: a description of the variety, its characteristics and cultivation features.
Tomatoes "Orange Giant": variety description
The Orange Giant is an indeterminate standard variety. In terms of ripening, it belongs to the mid-early species, from planting seedlings to the ripening of the first fruits, 100-115 days pass. Suitable for growing in unprotected soil, and in greenhouse shelters. It has a high immunity to major diseases and pests.
The plant is quite tall, 100-140 cm. In the southern regions and with very careful care, it can reach 160-180 cm. With good care from one bush, you can get up to 3.5-5 kg of fruits... With a recommended planting density of 3 bushes per sq. m you can collect 12-15 kg. This is a pretty good indicator for tomatoes, although not a record one.
Among the features, the size and color of the fruit are most noted. It should also be emphasized that it is unpretentious and resistant to disease. The plant responds well to feeding.
You can see the yield of other varieties in the table below:
|Orange giant||12-15 kg per square meter|
|Kate||15 kg per square meter|
|Nastenka||10-12 kg per square meter|
|Crystal||9.5-12 kg per square meter|
|Dubrava||2 kg per bush|
|Red Arrow||27 kg per square meter|
|Golden jubilee||15-20 kg per square meter|
|Verlioka||5 kg per square meter|
|Diva||8 kg per bush|
|Explosion||3 kg per square meter|
|Golden heart||7 kg per square meter|
Look at the photo of the tomato "Orange Giant":
The main advantages of the Orange Giant variety are:
- large-fruited tomatoes;
- beautiful presentation;
- resistance to temperature extremes and lack of moisture;
- high immunity to diseases.
Among the disadvantages of the variety are the fact that the plant is demanding on the fertilization regime during plant growth, as well as the weakness of the branches.
When the fruits reach varietal maturity, they acquire an orange color. Rounded in shape, slightly elongated. Tomatoes are not very large 150-250 grams, they can even reach 350-450 grams, in rare cases it was possible to get fruits weighing 650 grams... Large and massive fruits can be grown only in the southern regions. The number of chambers is 6-7, the dry matter content is about 5%.
Tomatoes "Orange giant" have a very high taste. They are not suitable for whole-fruit preservation due to their impressive size. Often used in barrel salting. Thanks to the almost perfect combination of sugars and acids and the low solids content of the composition, these fruits produce a wonderful juice.
You can compare the weight of the Orange Giant fruit with others in the table below:
|Variety name||Fruit weight (grams)|
The bush is most often formed into two stems, but one can also be. It is imperative to tie up and place supports under the branches. It will also serve as additional protection of the plant from the wind if the tomato is grown outdoors. It responds very well to fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus, especially at the stage of growth, in the future you can go to complex. Tomato variety "Orange giant" grows better in the open field in the southern regions.
In areas of the middle lane, in order to avoid a drop in yield, it should be grown in film shelters. In more northern regions, a good harvest can only be obtained in greenhouses.
Many amateur gardeners have already noted the resistance of the Orange Giant to diseases. The only thing worth fearing is illnesses associated with improper care. To avoid this when growing, you should regularly maintain air circulation in the greenhouse where your tomatoes are growing and observe the watering and lighting regime.
The Colorado potato beetle can also infect this variety; Prestige should be used against it. In the rest of the regions, one should beware of melon aphids and thrips, the drug "Zubr" is successfully used against them.
As you can see, this is an easy-to-care variety of tomatoes. It is enough to follow the general rules of care and everything will be fine. Good luck and good harvest. | <urn:uuid:0f9695fd-666a-40a8-9d4c-10b6b61f224f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ls.stopsbs.net/4104-large-fruited-and-tasty-orange-giant-tomato-variety-d.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907508 | 1,155 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Markia Beckwith likes to call herself “the Jeff Bezos of educational enrichment program services.” But you could argue that she’s underselling her efforts.
Markia has essentially created a marketplace for all educational and professional development enrichment services for inner-city youth, educators, communities and schools in the greater Baltimore area.
She founded Natural Born Champions (NBC), a non-profit 501(c)(3), in 2012 when she was just 18. Starting with a summer camp that still thrives a decade later, she’s evolved NBC to include year-round programming.
NBC’s mission is to keep kids out of the school-to-prison pipeline, and to promote pathways full of college and career opportunities. Kids get to participate in fun entrepreneurial pursuits, like community pop-up shops, where they develop business ideas and take these endeavors to another level.
“I wanted to capture a space I wish I could visit as a kid before, during, and after school hours,” Markia explains. The non-profit runs programming for kids starting as young as age two, provides before and after care, has virtual learning and tutoring services, tackles transportation issues, and even provides parent and family workshops.
Markia’s latest expansion project is to renovate a multipurpose community center into a hub for extracurriculars, educational enrichment, and professional development. The center will include a computer lab, study hall, and health and wellness center, with plenty of cross curriculum options. NBC is hosting a local fundraiser in August, The NBC Block Party Takeover, to raise money for renovations.
Learn more about Markia’s journey to entrepreneurship, how she’s expanding her business, and why she says Natural Born Champions has changed her own life for the better at the Weekly Campfire. | <urn:uuid:45c607c6-8898-443d-b582-ba5bb924a966> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.excelerateamerica.com/events/markia-beckwith-natural-born-champions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950691 | 379 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Friend and former colleague Roland Bouwman has written an excellent update on the GROUP BY implementation in MySQL.
MySQL’s implementation of GROUP BY has historically been quirky. Sometimes that quirkiness has been useful, but often it causes grief as SQL authors can make mistakes that are executed but don’t produce the results they want (or expect).
SELECT cat, COUNT(val) as cnt, othercol FROM tbl GROUP BY cat
The ‘cat‘ column is in the GROUP BY clause, the COUNT(val) is an aggregate, but the ‘othercol‘ column is … well… neither. What used to effectively happen is that the server would pick one othercol value from within each group. As I noted before, sometimes useful but often a pest as the server wouldn’t know if …[Read more] | <urn:uuid:b9abfa48-f6a1-4b21-aaab-4aa7fc592ce4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://planet.mysql.com/?tag_search=6666 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948912 | 183 | 1.726563 | 2 |
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Lunchie Insulated Lunc Visa mer. 301 krinkl. frakt. 160 kr. I'm Light: A Driver's Search for Meaning on the Mean Streets; Uber taksi içi.
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Advertisement Origin of postlunch. post-+ lunch. From Wiktionary; Words near postlunch in … Hi there!😃 This time you are going to learn the meaning of "grab lunch." When would you use "grab lunch"? If you are not sure, let's watch the video!👍 ★ Su Definition of Steam-launch in the Fine Dictionary. Meaning of Steam-launch with illustrations and photos. Pronunciation of Steam-launch and its etymology.
Bea beahalm – Profil Pinterest
Much thanks to @hankenofficial for giving me this opportunity. We spend most of our lives at work, why not seek means and ways in which to make it better. ___ Riktigt god tidig middag, eller riktigt sen lunch, ie dagens dinner (and fast-breaker) A big feast usually means a small fast for me, about 24 hours, 2 days ago · Denna sida uppdateras dagligen med nya företag.
Johanna Hjorth johannahjorth – Profil Pinterest
Dude1: "Where do we get our Lunchies Munchies today ?" Dude2: "At KFsizzle bro !" #smoking #herb #enjoying #meal #dude #687 #stabbing bruno #mars in his #goddam esophagus #ofwgkta. by 678 D-team June 23, 2011. Used to describe going to lunch really quick. Urban Dictionary and our advertising partners set cookies on your computer to improve our site and the advertisements you see. A meal eaten at midday. 2. The food provided for a midday meal.
3. To set going; initiate: launch a career; launch a business venture.
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the period in the middle of the day when people stop work to have lunch; Example sentences — My mother does her grad school homework during her lunch hour at work. — I hate my job so my lunch hour is my favorite part of the day. — I'm trying to lose weight so every day I walk 45 minutes during my lunch hour. Definition of launch written for English Language Learners from the Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary with audio pronunciations, usage examples, and count/noncount noun labels. launch meaning, definition, what is launch: to start something, usually something bi: Learn more.
An amber mark passes the test, while a dark brown or black mark means the
29 Jan 2016 does not list his stint at a project called 'Lunchie' on his LinkedIn profile. is the fact that Lunchie is still due to be launched in coming weeks. It's not Dmitri is on a mission to change what it
I mean. #maine · #vanessashairstudio #drastic #blonde #transformation # beforeandafter on the #gorgeous @gabby · Lunchie @kwolfeee1. It may now also be used without reference to narcotics to mean gormlessly and/or Lunchie. A crazy, eccentric, deviant. A back-formation in US slang from the
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Find Lunchies in Exmouth, EX8. Why not try Lunchies home delivery!
Having the letter A in your name makes you a sociable person who is constantly willing to help friends. People are usually drawn to you because of a mix of your real self and confidence. With the A what you see is what you get. All the words. But there are also a whole bunch of Tweeps out there that do think I'm interested in their lunch today -- let's call them lunchies..
verb (used without object) to burst out or plunge boldly or directly into action, speech…
Lunch definition is - a usually light meal; especially : one taken in the middle of the day. How to use lunch in a sentence. Definition of Lunch in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of Lunch.
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Information and translations of lunchie in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Lunchy definition, stupid; dull-witted. | <urn:uuid:c6cb84bb-f83e-4db0-8c72-b809ee11e97c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skatterxjwx.web.app/35131/7808.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.820309 | 1,192 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The more I learn about World War II, the more it fascinates me. I feel like most people have a vague, middle-ground understanding of the war. Two generations removed from the war, I have trouble fathoming both the global scale of the conflict and the impact it had on hundreds of millions of individuals. I had a child’s school-taught understanding of the war until I read a novel, actually. The second part of Ian McEwan’s novel Atonement tells of the British evacuation from France at Dunkirk after the Germans overran the country. It was an important event in the war, but one that I had never really learned much about, and McEwan’s rich storytelling made me want to learn more. I also realized that I ought to know more about the war that both of my grandfathers fought in, one in Europe and one in the Pacific.
Wanting to get an overview, I opted for John Keegan’s The Second World War, which turned out to be an ideal choice in that it was the broad, readable overview of the war that I had been looking for. (I would later read Keegan’s history of the First World War and review it.) But after Keegan, I wanted to delve into the war more, to take a narrower view and learn about some of the hundreds of smaller conflicts that, taken together, comprised the war. I turned to Rick Atkinson, not least because I had the chance to meet him twice and because I read and enjoyed his book, In the Company of Soldiers, about being embedded in Iraq.
An Army at Dawn is the first book in Atkinson’s trilogy about the liberation of Europe during WWII. This book covered North Africa, while the forthcoming books will cover Italy and France. An Army at Dawn won the Pulitzer in 2003 and deservedly so. I don’t think I’ve ever read a history book that flowed so well. The book is an incredible marriage of storytelling and historical fact, so that the reader feels both entertained and very well informed. Atkinson relied on battle memoirs and letters from soldiers to augment traditional, official sources and it shows. The war’s narrative is textured at every turn with the words of the men who were there, providing an insight I’ve not gotten from other history books. Along with using the men’s words directly, Atkinson also combines these collective observations in his own way to paint a vivid picture of the goings on. An example:
The rain slowed to a drizzle, then stopped for the first time in two days. A monstrous, blood-orange moon drifted behind the breaking clouds. Backlit by desultory shell fire, British victualers darted up with tins of cold plum pudding for men who spooned it down behind their pathetic fieldstone parapets. Flares rose to define the dead.
That scene occurred near Longstop Hill as the conflict raged back and forth in Tunisia. We all know about World War II, but beyond the most familiar aspects of the War – the invasion of Poland, the Battle of Britain, Pearl Harbor, Normandy, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Holocaust – how much do we really know? For me, it didn’t go much deeper than that, but as Atkinson makes so vividly clear, the world once watched North Africa, and battles like Kesserine Pass, Mareth, and El Guettar made headlines. To me, though, the book is powerful in that it goes beyond just knowing when and where and how these battles happened, it gives us a glimpse into the lives and deaths of the men who were there. In that sense I found this book both incredibly informative while also conveying the unfathomable (to me in this day and age) emotions of war.
An Army at Dawn was one of the best books I’ve read in a while. I’ll certainly read Atkinson’s next two books when they come out, but in the meantime, as I look at my queue of books to read, I see that only Robert Capa’s Slightly Out of Focus is about WWII. I need to read more books about World War II. Any suggestions? | <urn:uuid:07a78663-dee7-4e58-bca8-705a74daa8de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themillions.com/2006/05/review-of-army-at-dawn-by-rick-atkinson.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970152 | 872 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Distance from Oman to Abu Dhabi
Distance from Oman to Abu Dhabi is 364 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 226 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Oman and Abu Dhabi is 364 km= 226 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Oman to Abu Dhabi, It takes 0.4 hours to arrive.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||21° 30´ 45.2880'' N |
55° 55´ 23.7360'' E
Oman Distances to Countries
|Distance from Azerbaijan to Oman||2,217 km|
|Distance from French Guiana to Oman||11,801 km|
|Distance from Oman to Tunisia||4,727 km|
Abu Dhabi is located in United Arab Emirates.
|GPS Coordinates||24° 28´ 0.0120'' N |
54° 22´ 0.0120'' E
|Country||United Arab Emirates|
Abu Dhabi Distances to Cities
|Distance from Abu Dhabi to Al Liwa||223 km|
|Distance from Abu Dhabi to Muscat||440 km|
|Distance from Abu Dhabi to Musandam||254 km|
|Distance from Abu Dhabi to Khasab||268 km|
|Distance from Abu Dhabi to Saham||258 km| | <urn:uuid:d0af501e-4fbf-43ec-b9d6-f8e52e1735df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-oman-to-abu-dhabi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.771901 | 371 | 1.929688 | 2 |
To photographer Mike Hipple, the claim is baseless. The photo he took about 10 years ago of a woman standing near the "Dance Steps on Broadway" sculpture in Seattle's Capitol Hill is an example of fair use. If it's not, he reasons, the right of all photographers to take pictures in public will be in jeopardy.
His photo was, after all, "taken on a public sidewalk, showing a woman interacting with a piece of public art, paid for by public funds. And it only depicts a small portion of the artwork at that," Hipple wrote. "Now if this doesn't qualify as fair use of the sculpture, I don't know what does."
Hipple's sentiment is shared by many Seattle residents who feel that public art, financed with their tax dollars, should be in the public domain. They paid for it, say residents, so they should be able to photograph it without fear of a lawsuit. Hipple is just a small-guy photographer being bullied by a greedy litigious copyright holder, they say. It's an understandable sentiment, but not necessarily a solid legal defense.
Hipple sold the photo (pictured above) to a stock photography company. Jack Mackie, who created "Dance Steps on Broadway," demanded that the company remove the photo, claiming that it infringed his copyright by reproducing the sculpture. The company promptly removed the photo, but Mackie sued Hipple last February for selling it in the first place.
The lawsuit has outraged scores of residents who find Mackie to be out of step with the public's interest. Mackie installed the eight sets of inlaid bronze shoe prints, mapping out well-known dances such as the waltz and rumba, in 1982 when the city rebuilt the neighborhood's sidewalks. Despite receiving public financing for the project, Mackie retained rights to the artwork. Those rights, according to § 106 of the U.S. Copyright Act, include the exclusive right to reproduce the work or to create derivative work from it.
Hipple does have a decent, if not bulletproof, fair use argument. Courts consider four well-known factors when determining if fair use applies: (1) The purpose and character of the use, including whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (2) The nature of the copyrighted work; (3) The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and (4) The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
On factor 1, Hipple's use could be deemed moderately transformative. The photograph arguably adds a new meaning or message to the original, rather than simply duplicating or substituting for it. The aesthetic focus is on public interaction with the urban street—something not within the purview of the original. That said, Hipple's commercial use of the photograph hurts his case. But commercial use is not determinative. See Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, 510 U.S. 569 (1994) (finding that commercial rap parody constituted fair use). Although courts consider the commercial nature of the use as part of the analysis, they will not brand a transformative use unfair simply because it makes a profit.
On factor 2, Mackie's got the best of the argument because his work is creative and fanciful, rather than factual (despite some rather creative arguments made in Hipple's motion to dismiss the lawsuit). Factor 3 is hard to judge without seeing Mackie's statute first-hand. Hipple may have a good argument that he has used only a small portion of "Dance Steps on Broadway" in his photo. On factor 4, it's hard to imagine how the photo hurts the "market" for Mackie's public artwork, unless he can show that there is a non-speculative licensing market.
All in all, though, it's a hard call. Others in Hipple's position have caved in to similar demands. People and Sunset magazines, for example, settled with the artists behind Seattle's Fremont Troll after using photos of the landmark for non-editorial purposes. Mackie himself has pursued infringement claims for unauthorized use of his artwork at least 30 times.
Cities like Seattle should reconsider how they commission public artwork. Cities could demand that artists surrender their copyright interests in order to receive public funding. Another resolution, suggested by Susan Richey of Franklin Park Law Center, would have been to institute a compulsory licensing scheme for photographing public art.
But any scheme that involves paying to photograph seems antithetical to the public interest. The most reasonable solution is to keep public artwork completely open to the public. Until cities do this, however, commercial photographers may want to think twice about incorporating public artwork into their photographs.
(Justin Silverman is a CMLP Legal Intern and a third-year evening student at Suffolk University Law School. Justin founded the law school's Suffolk Media Law student group and its SuffolkMediaLaw.com blog in 2009.) | <urn:uuid:e201ad10-e17e-444d-9f8d-e2468d00d860> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.dmlp.org/blog/2010/photographing-public-art-legal-waltz-seattle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9557 | 1,030 | 1.875 | 2 |
The Canteen in Bristol has started adding climate impact labels to its menus.
The restaurant, which only serves vegetarian and vegan food, is the first in Bristol to make the move. It joins other restaurant chains around the country, like Stem & Glory, which added climate labels to menus last year.
The Canteen is supported by vegan charity Viva!, as well as carbon calculation and labeling provider My Emissions. The former is urging the government to make climate menu labels mandatory, just like it has done with calorie information.
The food we eat impacts the planet. Eating beef once or twice a week for one year, for example, emits the same amount of greenhouse gasses as driving a petrol car for more than 1,500 miles. But eating the same amount of tofu emits the equivalent of driving that same petrol car for 32 miles.
Viva!’s managing director Laura Hellwig said: “It’s clear that a vegan diet is the best way for an individual to make a difference.”
“We’ve partnered with My Emissions, as well as The Canteen, to understand just how much impact carbon labels on our menus can have and to help diners realize the connection between what they’re eating and the environment,” she added.
‘A positive step’
Earlier this year, a study from Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg suggested that including climate labels on menus could help diners choose more climate-friendly, plant-based foods.
Researchers concluded it was one of the “easiest things” restaurant owners could do to encourage sustainable choices.
The Canteen’s head chef, Dr. Matthew Harris, said the new climate labeling is a “positive step in encouraging people to be more aware of the impact of their choices.”
He added: “If carbon labeling was rolled out across the UK, we’d see restaurants and customers encouraged to make better decisions around the food they consume.” | <urn:uuid:95af4f22-6bc5-43f1-bafc-00d542b44ebc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plantbasednews.org/lifestyle/food/restaurant-climate-impact-labels-menus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948667 | 423 | 2.375 | 2 |
Renowned poet Shamsur Rahman passed away Thursday evening in the city's BSMMU hospital sending a shock wave through the country, reports UNB.
The curtain dropped on a checkered career of the celebrated poet at 6:35pm, as the attending doctors removed his life-support system "with the consent of his family", said the medical sources.
The poet, admitted to the hospital on August 6 with multiple complexities, breathed his last after spending 12 days in deep coma. He was 77.
"As the news broke, mourners in large numbers thronged the hospital to have a last glimpse of their beloved poet, amid a pall of gloom," said a report.
Shamsur Rahman was born in Dhaka in 1929 and was fourth of the thirteen children of his parents. He studied at Pogos School and later at Dhaka College. He started writing poems after graduating from Dhaka College at the age of eighteen.
The poet then studied at the Department of English under the University of Dhaka. He had a long career as a journalist and was the former editor of a national daily, 'Dainik Bangla'.
Shamsur Rahman was indisputably the greatest poet of Bangladesh, with more than sixty books of poems to his credit.
He won numerous awards, including Bangla Academy Award (1969), Ekushey Padak (1977), and Swadhinata Award (1991).
Meanwhile, the Leader of the Opposition in Parliament and President of Awami League Sheikh Hasina expressed her profound shock at the death of the eminent poet.
"His death caused an irreparable loss to the Bengali literature, culture and journalism," she said in a message of condolence.
Hasina prayed for salvation of the departed soul and expressed sympathy for members of the bereaved family. | <urn:uuid:27cb360d-4829-4e3a-b120-e19f402b57ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=8/18/2006§ion_id=1&newsid=34746&spcl=no | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983887 | 376 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Financial.
a tithe, often in kind, exacted for the maintenance of the Catholic Church and clergy from the inhabitants of Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America from the 16th through early 20th centuries, as well as in the Philippines and in Portuguese colonies in Asia and Africa. The diezmo was analogous to the medieval tithe. It was collected by the royal colonial administration and assessed at about 10 percent of the taxpayer’s total harvest and other income. After the colonies won their independence, the diezmo was revoked. | <urn:uuid:7f20bd20-bf0d-437f-aa79-691aeed4bded> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Diezmo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969234 | 127 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Writer: Hazem Nabil
Since summer holidays just started, everyone will be chilling, watching movies, binging Netflix shows, and going out for a while. But Let’s face it, people who love to read will definitely go back to reading books when they start getting bored of the holidays routine. That’s why I compiled a list of books that I’ve personally read and would like to recommend to everyone.
Category A: – The “I can’t relax; I need to be productive in the holidays” list.
1) Rich Dad Poor Dad.
This book mainly shows the way rich people and poor people view different aspects of life differently, and is narrated by the author who lived with two different dads and had to make difficult choices in his life by having to choose between the totally different advices given to him by both dads. The book has a slight twist though, the rich dad is the one who left school and furnished his skills on his own, while the poor dad is the one who had several degrees from Top-Notch universities. What’s the Key difference between them? The answer is Financial IQ. Read this best-selling book to know more about the importance of financial freedom, and why “Most A-grade students work for C-grade students” as the author says.
2) Getting More
Stuart Diamond runs the most popular course at Wharton, often ranked as the world’s best business school. This book is about the art of negotiating. You are negotiating daily. Whether it is a business deal, haggling in a market trying to get the best price on those pair of sneakers that caught your eyes, or trying to convince your friends that the holiday destination you’ve chosen is the best place to go. Since negotiation is an important thing, you should try to acquire the skills that allow you to do it right, and win every argument/ negotiation you take a part in.
3) Predictably Irrational
Liked by 95% of google users and having a 4.1/5 rating on Goodreads, this book, written by Dan Ariely, is one in which he challenges the readers’ assumption about making decisions based on rational thoughts. This book is one of a kind, behavioral economics book in which the writer who is a Psychologist and a Duke professor conducts different tests with humans to see how they react irrationally to different situations. If you like to read about the Psychology of the human brain and the different ways in which marketing and advertising works, then this book is definitely a must-read.
Category B:- The “Cut me some slack, I just wanna chill” list.
1) The Hunger Games novels
Whether you watched the movies or not, the Hunger Games trilogy is a must read since it has many extra details that the movie casually misses out, but are a key part of the story.
The Hunger Games universe is a dystopia set in the fictional nation of Panem, a North American Country with 12 poor districts and a wealthy capital. Every year, children are sent off from all districts to the Capital to compete against each other in a televised, brutal, deadly battle royale for their lives.
The novels were ranked second in NPR’s poll of the 100 top teen novels, exceeded only by Harry Potter. That’s how highly-ranked these 4 novels are.
The Hunger Games has 3 novels and you’d be spending a lot of time on them.
I guess that’s enough for now. So get yourself a warm cup of coffee, find a corner of the room with a dim light, put on your headphones and play some soothing background music, sit back, and enjoy the books.
Stay tuned for more book suggestions! | <urn:uuid:107f9d99-5073-420b-ba3a-61f7ff082a22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.milkywaymagazine.com/books/to-read-or-not-to-read/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966273 | 785 | 1.570313 | 2 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Population-specific gene expression in the plant pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines exists prior to infection and during the onset of a resistant or susceptible reaction in the roots of the Glycine max genotype Peking
BMC Genomics volume 10, Article number: 111 (2009)
A single Glycine max (soybean) genotype (Peking) reacts differently to two different populations of Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) within the first twelve hours of infection during resistant (R) and susceptible (S) reactions. This suggested that H. glycines has population-specific gene expression signatures. A microarray analysis of 7539 probe sets representing 7431 transcripts on the Affymetrix® soybean GeneChip® were used to identify population-specific gene expression signatures in pre-infective second stage larva (pi-L2) prior to their infection of Peking. Other analyses focused on the i nfective L2 at 12 h ours post infection (i-L212h), and the i nfective sedentary stages at 3 d ays post infection (i-L23d) and 8 d ays post infection (i-L2/L38d).
Differential expression and false discovery rate (FDR) analyses comparing populations of pi-L2 (i.e., incompatible population, NL1-RHg to compatible population, TN8) identified 71 genes that were induced in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8. These genes included putative gland protein G23G12, putative esophageal gland protein Hgg-20 and arginine kinase. The comparative analysis of pi-L2 identified 44 genes that were suppressed in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8. These genes included a different Hgg-20 gene, an EXPB1 protein and a cuticular collagen. By 12 h, there were 7 induced genes and 0 suppressed genes in NL1-RHg. By 3d, there were 9 induced and 10 suppressed genes in NL1-RHg. Substantial changes in gene expression became evident subsequently. At 8d there were 13 induced genes in NL1-RHg. This included putative gland protein G20E03, ubiquitin extension protein, putative gland protein G30C02 and β-1,4 endoglucanase. However, 1668 genes were found to be suppressed in NL1-RHg. These genes included steroid alpha reductase, serine proteinase and a collagen protein.
These analyses identify a genetic expression signature for these two populations both prior to and subsequently as they undergo an R or S reaction. The identification of genes like steroid alpha reductase and serine proteinase that are involved in feeding and nutritional uptake as being highly suppressed during the R response at 8d may indicate genes that the plant is targeting. The analyses also identified numerous putative parasitism genes that are differentially expressed. The 1668 genes that are suppressed in NL1-RHg, and hence induced in TN8 may represent genes that are important during the parasitic stages of H. glycines development. The potential for different arrays of putative parasitism genes to be expressed in different nematode populations may indicate how H. glycines evolve mechanisms to overcome resistance.
Plant parasitic nematodes are a major, but poorly understood agricultural problem, resulting in 157 billion dollars in lost revenue, annually [1–3]. The most prominent of these interactions is G. max infection by H. glycines because it accounts for an estimated $460 to $818 million in production losses annually in the U.S. and approximately 15 billion dollars worldwide. Resistance loci to H. glycines are present in the germplasm of G. max and those loci have been physically mapped [5, 6]. However, G. max resistance to H. glycines is limited to genotypes that are the poorest in terms of production yield. Resistance is also limited to specific nematode races (populations) within those resistant plant genotypes [7, 8]. Thus, identifying genetic strategies that could confer resistance are urgently needed.
The H. glycines life cycle (Fig. 1) is approximately one month in duration [9, 10]. Well-defined H. glycines populations that accomplish resistant (R) and susceptible (S) reactions are available for examining G. max-H. glycines interactions [7, 8]. Those histological studies of the R and S interactions between G. max roots and H. glycines have been performed [11–18] and demonstrated the anatomical changes that occur in G. max roots during H. glycines invasion. Interestingly, nematodes burrow into the roots of G. max genotypes that are either resistant or susceptible. They subsequently migrate at similar rates [19, 20] toward the vascular tissue, select a cell adjacent to the vascular tissue and pierce it with its stylet to initiate the development of a feeding site. This occurs at approximately 2 d ays post inoculation (2d). Subsequently, syncytia are established during both R and S reactions. During this process, the cells adjacent to the feeding site become metabolically hyperactive [13, 15]. Then, the walls of the cells adjacent to the selected cell begin to dissolve. The infected plant cell incorporates additional cells by fusion events with neighboring cells by 3d. Eventually these recruited cells merge to form a syncytium. The diverse mechanisms that accompany the R or S reaction become evident subsequently.
The S response is characterized by various cellular events that are visible at the anatomical level. These changes include hypertrophy of the nuclei and nucleoli, proliferation of cytoplasmic organelles, reduction or dissolution of the vacuole and expansion of the cell as it incorporates adjacent cells [15, 16, 18, 21, 22]. In contrast, during the R reaction of G. max genotype Peking to H. glycines NL1-RHg, the syncytium both collapses and becomes necrotic. At 4d, cell wall depositions form and there is an increase in lipid globules that occur before necrosis . Concomitantly, degeneration of syncytia occurs. Bedford, a resistant genotype, has a somewhat different response. In that R reaction, nuclei first degrade. After the breakdown of the nuclei, the cytoplasm degrades . Eventually, roots overcome infection at the site of infection [12, 14, 18, 23]. These anatomical observations demonstrate that a dichotomy exists early during the development of R and S reactions and this would likely be reflected as changes in gene expression.
Genetic work in H. glycines has lagged behind that of model organisms. However, exciting progress has been made in generating a genetic map of H. glycines . More recently, 454 microbead DNA sequencing has been used to generate over 400 million bases of H. glycines genomic sequence . The work compared the genomic data from inbred avirulent (i.e., TN10) and virulent (i.e., TN20) populations of H. glycines. Both of those H. glycines biotypes, differing only by virulence, were inbred by repeated sib-mating for over 30 generations . However, those populations are maintained on different plant species. TN10 was selected and maintained on Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and TN20 was selected and maintained on the H. glycines-resistant soybean genotype Hartwig. The analysis identified 1,536 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms . Thus, of 3072 PCR-validated amplicons generated between TN10 and TN20, 1108 revealed informative data for each H. glycines genotype . H. glycines gene expression was not the focus of those analyses.
Microarray analysis (MA) of host-pathogen interactions can provide a broad view of gene expression during infection. Recently these sorts of genomic analyses have been adapted to the study of plant pathogenic nematodes. These studies involved determining plant gene expression in S reactions at single [27, 28] or multiple time points [29–31]. However, these analyses studied only S reactions.
Experiments designed at comparing R to S reactions at multiple time points have the advantage of permitting the filtering out differential gene expression that is common between the infections caused by diverse H. glycines populations. This, theoretically, may allow the identification of genes expressed uniquely in the R or S reaction. Klink et al. [19, 20] performed those experiments and demonstrated that while much plant gene expression was common, signature gene expression profiles existed for the R and S reactions [19, 20]. This dichotomy in expression occurs early during infection and prior to the selection of feeding sites . Thus, gene expression that is important to the R or S reaction is not limited to the syncytium because they have not even formed by the 12 h time point studied in that analysis . Of note, a G. max h eat s hock p rotein 90 (HSP90) gene was found to be induced specifically during the R reaction . Recent experiments using v irus i nduced g ene s ilencing (VIGS) of the S. lycopersicum HSP90 resulted in attenuation of resistance of the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) .
Signature gene expression patterns that are unique to the syncytium undergoing an R or S reaction are clearly present by 3d . For example, syncytial cells have been isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) from roots undergoing an R reaction at 3d . Those MA revealed that genes encoding l ipox ygenase (LOX), HSP70 and s upero xidase d ismutase (SOD) were elevated almost tenfold or more . In addition, genes encoding several transcription factors and DNA binding proteins were also elevated, albeit at lower levels .
H. glycines are altering gene expression of G. max. Thus, work on gene expression during infection in H. glycines may illuminate why G. max perceives these nematode populations differently. In the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, experiments applying MA have identified changes in gene expression during the course of its development [33, 34]. Thus, MA would likely be of use to studying plant parasitic nematodes. MA of numerous previously identified esophageal gland proteins [35, 36], demonstrated that it was possible to simultaneously explore plant and nematode gene expression . This work set the precedent for a variety of nematode gene expression studies that go beyond the parasitism genes. The G. max-H. glycines system is powerful for the study of plant-nematode interactions. The availability of numerous well-defined H. glycines populations [7, 8] that exhibit varying abilities to infect different G. max genotypes allows for the investigation of infection in ways not possible for other plant pathogenic nematodes. Prior experiments, using two different H. glycines populations accomplished an R (i.e., population NL1-RHg) or S reaction (i.e., population TN8) in a single G. max genotype (Peking) [19, 20]. Thus, an S reaction can be achieved in a G. max genotype irrespective of the presence of resistance genes. The analyses revealed that G. max could perceive the two populations very differently and very early during infection, prior to feeding site selection. MA experiments that study nematode gene expression before these populations infect roots could clarify whether detectable differences are present in H. glycines. In this work, a comparative microarray analysis of H. glycines gene expression during an R and S reaction is presented.
Plant and nematode procurement
H. glycines were grown at the United States Department of Agriculture S oybean G enomics and I mprovement L aboratory (SGIL), Beltsville, MD. For the analyses, incompatible (I) is defined whereby a population of nematodes successfully initiates infection, but that infection fails to proceed. This results in an R reaction. Compatible (C) is defined whereby a population of nematodes successfully initiates infection that further develops into a successful infection. This is the S reaction.
H. glycines were maintained in the greenhouse on the G. max genotype Kent using the m oisture r eplacement s ystem (MRS) . Two populations of H. glycines, NL1-RHg and TN8, were used in the analyses. The H. glycines population, NL1-RHg, experiences an R reaction in the roots of the G. max genotype Peking. The H. glycines population TN8 experiences an S reaction in roots of the G. max genotype Peking.
TN8 originated by single-cyst descent on G. max p lant i ntroduction number 90763 (PI 90763) . Originally, TN8 was maintained on the PI 90763 genotype according to standard procedures . Those TN8-infected G. max plants were maintained in sterilized field sand medium in 1-liter containers that were suspended in a 27°C water bath. Fertilization was done with Peter's soluble 20-20-20 nutrients (The Scotts Company; Marysville, Ohio). Transfer of TN8 to a new host was performed on a 30–40 day basis. NL1-RHg has been maintained at SGIL and used extensively for analyses requiring susceptible reactions in G. max genotype [28, 30, 38] and resistant reactions in Peking [19, 20, 39].
Females were purified by sucrose flotation , and the females were crushed gently with a rubber stopper in a 7.5 cm diameter, 250 μm sieve to release the eggs. The eggs flowed through the sieve into a small plastic tray. The debris that was smaller than the eggs was removed by washing them in a 25 μm mesh sieve. The eggs were placed in a small plastic tray with one cm of water. The tray was covered with plastic wrap and placed on a rotary shaker at 25 rpm. After three days, the p re-i nfective second stage l arvae (pi-L2) were then separated from unhatched eggs by running them through a 41 μm mesh cloth. The pi-L2s were concentrated by centrifugation in an IEC clinical centrifuge for 30 seconds at 1720 rpm and flash frozen for RNA extraction [19, 41]. For studies involving i nfective L2 (i-L2), nematode-infected roots were collected at 12 h ours post infection (h), 3 and 8 d ays post infection (d). The infected root tissue was flash frozen and subsequently ground in liquid N2 for RNA extraction [19, 41]. This method has been demonstrated to be sufficient for the identification of H. glycines gene expression early during the early infective stages of G. max .
Microarray gene expression analyses were conducted using the GeneChip® Soybean Genome Array (Cat. # 900526; Affymetrix®; Santa Clara, CA) containing >7,539 H. glycines probe sets for 7,431 transcripts. Thus, some redundancy is present. These annotations are based on the best match from their BLASTX searches . Details of the Affymetrix® soybean GeneChip® are available at the Affymetrix® website http://affymetrix.com/index.affx.
The analysis presented here is different from Klink et al. in that the pi-L2 stage is analyzed and more biological replicates were used. Four independent replicates were used for the NL1-RHg and TN8 pi-L2 analyses. Three independent replicates were used to analyze gene expression of the 12 h i-L2 (i-L212h), 3d i-L2 (i-L23d) and 8d i-L2/L3 (i-L2/L38d) time points. In these analyses, the pi-L2 samples were analyzed separately from the i-L212h, i-L23d and i-L2/L38d samples. Microarrays were hybridized and scanned at the Laboratory of Molecular Technology, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA. Details of the scanning procedure can be found at the Affymetrix website: http://www.affymetrix.com/support/downloads/manuals/expression_s2_manual.pdf.
Normalization was done on the probe sets. The Affymetrix® soybean GeneChip® data was imported and analyzed using the MATLAB Bioinformatics Toolbox (Mathworks Inc.; Natick, MA) and ArrayAssist (Stratagene) to do RMA normalization on the probe sets before taking the log2 of expression values. Taking the log base 2 was done for scaling and compressing the data sets, as usually is done with microarray data, and not for normalizing the data sets.
Volcano plots were produced using samples having a fold change of ≥ |1.5| and also having a p-value ≤ 0.05 as compared to the control . The t-test was used to calculate p-values. In addition, the differential expression analysis outcome was tested by f alse d iscovery r ate (FDR), set at 10%. S ignificance a nalysis of m icroarrays (SAM), 3.0 was used to perform FDR tests. Data supplemental to each table and figure and GO terms are available http://bioinformatics.towson.edu/SCN_paper/.
Heat map hierarchical clustering
The heat map was produced by mining out only the 7,539 H. glycines microarray probe sets on the Affymetrix® soybean GeneChip®. Hierarchal clustering was performed using Euclidian-distance as the method of pairwise distance calculation for both the time points (columns) and the microarray probe sets (rows). The rows were clustered based on the dendrogram being two units apart; such distance being determined by the hierarchal clustering method. The resultant clusters were associated with their respective coloring. The hierarchal clustered heat map was executed in MATLAB, using both the Bioinformatics and Statistics toolboxes. All replicates for each sample type were averaged prior to clustering.
The K-means clustering unsupervised learning algorithm was used for gene clustering of the three point time courses in order to find patterns in the data sets. Twelve clusters (k) were chosen for grouping the 7539 probe-set dataset. Those 12 clusters were used to identify centroids, defined as an average point specific to a cluster of points. With centroids moved into a position such that an optimum separation of objects into groups occurred, clustering was run for 1,000 repetitions using squared-Euclidian as the algorithm to measure pairwise distance between data points. Having 12 clusters fit the dataset so that all the values were affiliated with a specific cluster. Using more or fewer clusters resulted in either over-fitting or under-fitting the dataset to a respective centroid. The K-means clustering were executed in MATLAB, using both the Bioinformatics and Statistics toolboxes. All replicates for each sample type were averaged prior to clustering.
All annotations were obtained by performing BLASTX from the Affymetrix ID accession available at http://affymetrix.com/index.affx. The conserved domain search option turned on for the analyses. The best hit was used in the analyses. All annotations for the text tables and electronic supplemental tables are available at http://bioinformatics.towson.edu/SCN_paper/.
Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR)
Quantitative real time PCR was performed according to Klink et al. [38, 46]. RNA was extracted from nematodes as previously describe [38, 46]. RNA was treated with DNase I to remove genomic DNA. The cDNA was reversed transcribed from RNA using SuperScript First Strand Synthesis System for RT-PCR (Invitrogen; Grand Island, NY) with oligo d(T) as the primer according to manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA contamination was assessed by PCR as described previously . Briefly, Hg-unc-87 PCR primers (forward primer: 5'GACAACACGGAGATTCCACTTCAG3'; reverse primer, 5'CTGGTCTGGTCGATGCTCTGCTC3') were used because they amplify different size fragments in the presence of genomic DNA as compared to pure cDNA. qRT-PCR reactions containing no template and reactions using RNA processed in parallel but with no Superscript reverse transcriptase also served as controls for qRT-PCR and produced no amplicon. Relative quantities of expression were determined using an Mx3000P Real-Time PCR system following manufacturer's instructions (Stratagene; La Jolla, CA). DNA accumulation was measured using SYBR Green and ROX was used as reference dye. Only one product was present in each reaction as indicated by the SYBR Green dissociation curves of amplified products and by assay of terminal reactions by gel electrophoresis in 1% TBE agarose. Template DNA was denatured for 10 minutes at 96°C, followed by PCR cycling temperatures set for denaturing for 30 seconds at 96°C, annealing for 60 seconds at 55°C and extension for 30 seconds at 72°C. The L2 stage sample was diluted over a five-log range and used in parallel RT-PCR assays. All qRT-PCR assays were conducted in triplicate. Threshold cycle (Ct) values were plotted against the dilution series. PCR efficiencies were equal between the target and endogenous control. Ct values and relative abundance were calculated using software supplied with the Mx3000P Real-Time PCR system. Standard error was used in the analyses. The qRT-PCR primers used are provided in Table 1.
Gene expression was examined for two populations of H. glycines, comparing different chronological time points of their life cycle. NL1-RHg experiences an R reaction in the roots of G. max genotype Peking. TN8 infection results in an S reaction in the roots of the G. max genotype Peking. Four time points were selected for the analysis. The first time point analyzed was a pre-infective time point. The pi-L2 is a time in H. glycines life cycle that occurs prior to their infection of G. max roots. The three remaining time points were selected from the infective stages of the life cycle. The time points that were selected for the infective stages of the life cycle are given two qualifiers, larval stage (i.e., pi-L2,) and chronological time point (i.e., 12 h, 3d or 8d). This was done because some stages of the nematode life cycle last for numerous days and gene expression (i.e., uncoordinated [unc] gene expression) changes during the course of a given stage . Therefore, the time points (T) in the analyses are pi-L2 (T1) (Fig. 1, stage B), i-L2 at 12 h (T2) (Fig. 1, stage CR and CS), i-L2 at 3d (T3) (Fig. 1, stage ER and ES) and i-L2/L3 at 8d (T4) (Fig. 1, stage FR and FS). It is assumed that the T4 samples are i-L2/L3 according to (Jenkins and Taylor 1967 ). For the presentation of gene expression, fold change is used even though FDR was performed as an alternative way to identify differentially expressed genes.
Gene expression-time point analyses that directly compare R to S reactions
In the first set of experiments, H. glycines gene expression was examined in the R reaction. This was done by directly comparing R expression to S expression. The analysis directly compared R to S at T1, T2, T3 and T4 (Fig. 2). The S reaction was used as the baseline at each time point by which gene expression in the R reaction was determined. In all analyses, a ≥ |1.5| fold expression limit with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was used. Volcano plots (Fig. 2) depict differential gene expression of all probe sets on the Affymetrix® soybean GeneChip® at T1 (Fig. 2A), T2 (Fig. 2B), T3 (Fig. 2C) and T4 (Fig 2D). The analysis presented here measures genes induced in the R reaction. Conversely, due to the nature of the volcano plot analysis, those same induced genes in R would be suppressed by the same measure in the S reaction.
The first analysis presents H. glycines gene expression in R at T1. This analysis identified 71 genes (~0.94% of the probe sets) were induced in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 2, Supplementary Table One). A large percentage (71.83%) had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, 19 (26.76%) were induced by five-fold or greater. The analysis also identified 44 genes (~0.58% of the probe sets) that were suppressed in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 2, Supplementary Table One). A large percentage (63.64%) had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, 21 (47.73%) were suppressed five-fold or greater (p-value ≤ 0.05 FDR set at 10%). Of note, but not presented in the analysis was the identification of two genes annotated to be bacterial in homology. This included a cell wall hydrolase (CK348492) from the bacterium Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616 that was suppressed -6.23 fold (p-value of 0.0294, FDR of 11.61042). (Table 2, Supplementary Table One).
The second analysis presents H. glycines gene expression in R at T2. This analysis identified 7 genes (~0.09% of the probe sets) that were induced in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 3, Supplementary Table Two). A small percentage (14.29%) had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, none were induced by five-fold or greater. The most highly induced gene was actin (AAG47837) isolated from H. glycines. The analysis also identified 0 genes that were suppressed in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (p-value ≤ 0.05 FDR set at 10%) (Table 3, Supplementary Table Two). (Table 3, Supplementary Table Two).
The third analysis presents H. glycines gene expression in R at T3. This analysis identified 9 genes (~0.12% of the probe sets) that were induced in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 4, Supplementary Table Three). A large percentage (77.78%) had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, one (11.11%) was induced by five-fold or greater. The analysis also identified 7 genes (~0.09% of the probe sets) that were suppressed in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 4, Supplementary Table Three). Approximately 14.28% had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, one (CD748082), a predicted protein from Nematostella vectensis (starlet sea anemone) was suppressed by five-fold or greater (p-value ≤ 0.05 FDR set at 10%) (p-value ≤ 0.05) (Table 4, Supplementary Table Three).
The fourth analysis presents H. glycines gene expression in R at T4. This analysis identified 13 genes (~0.17% of the probe sets) that were induced in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 5, Supplementary Table Four). A large percentage (46.15%) had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, 11 (84.62%) were induced by five-fold or greater. The most highly induced gene was a putative gland protein G20E03 (AF490251.1) from H. glycines. The analysis also identified a substantial number of genes (N = 1668 [~22.24% of the probe sets]) that were suppressed in NL1-RHg as compared to TN8 (Table 5, Supplementary Table Four). A large percentage (33.5%) had no match to known genes in Genbank. Of those, 176 (10.55%) were suppressed five-fold or greater (p-value ≤ 0.05) (Table 5, Supplementary Table Four). While several highly suppressed genes were identified, the two most highly suppressed genes of known function were a steroid alpha reductase (CB825108) and a serine protease (Y13906.1) (p-value ≤ 0.05 FDR set at 10%).
Validation was performed. This was done by a qRT-PCR analysis. H. glycines gene expression from the microarray analysis was determined to correlate with that obtained from previous qRT-PCR analyses (Table 6).
Gene expression: analyses within R or S reaction types that are between time points
Gene expression was analyzed across time points within a reaction type (i.e., R or S) (Fig. 3). The analyses compared the R reactions between 12 h and 3d (Fig. 3A; Supplementary Table Five) and S reactions between 12 h and 3d (Fig. 3B; Supplementary Table Six). The analyses then compared R reactions between 12 h and 8d (Fig. 3C; Supplementary Table Seven) and S reactions between 12 h and 8d (Fig. 3D; Supplementary Table Eight). The analyses concluded by comparing R reactions between 3d and 8d (Fig. 3E; Supplementary Table Nine) and S reactions between 3d and 8d (Fig. 3F; Supplementary Table Ten). The differential expression outcomes were further substantiated by FDR.
Comparing the 12 h R reaction (baseline) to the 3d R reaction revealed differentially expressed genes in the 3d R reaction (Fig. 3A; Supplementary Table Five). Only one induced gene of unknown function (BF014388) (f old c hange [FC]: 1.58) was identified. The five most highly suppressed genes found were the gland-specific protein G4G12 (AF473827.1), (FC: -182); a hypothetical gene (CK348411), (FC: -167); a cathepsin S-like cysteine proteinase (Y09499.1), (FC: -34.6); a gland-specific protein G4E02 (AF473826.1), (FC: -21.8) and an unknown (CB280439), (FC: -19).
Comparing the 12 h S reaction (baseline) to the 3d S reaction revealed differentially expressed genes in the 3d S reaction (Fig. 3B; Supplementary Table Six). Induced genes were a hypothetical protein (CB826489), (FC: 28.5); a GTP-binding nuclear protein, RAN/TC4 (CB378243), (FC: 7.15); a snRNP protein (CB279314), (FC: 5.68); a cathepsin B-like proteinase (CB278894), (FC: 5.27) and a cathepsin S-like cysteine proteinase (Y09499.1), (FC: 4.81). Suppressed genes were an H. glycines e xpressed s equence t ag (EST) (CK351599), (FC: -115) lacking homology to any gene; a homolog to the F08F8.7 gene (BF014655), (FC: -25.9); an elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1-alpha), (BI749209) (FC: -22); a 60S ribosomal protein L39 (CA939898), (FC: -20.1) and a putative gland protein 29D09 (AF500016.1), (FC: -17.9).
Comparing the 12 h R reaction (baseline) to the 8d R reaction revealed differentially expressed genes in the 8d R reaction (Fig. 3C; Supplementary Table Seven). Several induced genes of unknown function were identified. Other induced genes found were a beta-1,4-endoglucanase-4 (AY043224.1), (FC: 4.92) and a cellulase (ENG-5), (AF469055.1), (FC: 4.72). Highly suppressed genes found were a putative cuticular collagen (CAB88203), (FC: -317); a C-type lectin domain protein (AF498244.1), (FC: -155); a hypothetical protein (CK348411), (FC: -151); the hypothetical protein Hgg-18 (CB935297), (FC: -89.7); the hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 4 (AF273731.2), (FC: -68.7) and the Y52B11A.8 gene (CB281657), (FC: -61.8).
Comparing the 12 h S reaction (baseline) to the 8d S reaction revealed differentially expressed genes in the 8d S reaction (Fig. 3D; Supplementary Table Eight). Induced genes found included a beta 1,4-endoglucanase-4 (AY043224.1), (FC: 8.12); a beta-1,4-endoglucanase-3 precursor (AF044210.1), (FC: 6.53); the expansin, EXPB1, (BF014507), (FC: 3.16) and a beta-1,4-endoglucanase-4 (AY043224.1), (FC: 2.74). Highly suppressed genes were a putative cuticular collagen (CAB88203), (FC: -603); a C-type lectin domain protein (AF498244.1), (FC: -414); a hypothetical protein Hgg-18 (CB935297), (FC: -289); a hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 4 (AF273731.2), (FC: -282); a hypothetical protein (CK348411), (FC: -232) and the Y52B11A.8 gene (CB281657), (FC: -216).
Comparing the 3d R reaction (baseline) to the 8d R reaction revealed differentially expressed genes in the 8d R reaction (Fig. 3E; Supplementary Table Nine). Induced genes found included the gland-specific protein G4G05 (AF473830.1), (FC: 2.84) and the expansin, EXPB1, (BF014507), (FC: 2.84). Suppressed genes were a C-type lectin domain protein (AF498244.1), (FC: -115); the hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 4 (AF273731.2), (FC: -55.2); the hypothetical Y52B11A.8 gene (CB281657), (FC: -53.6); a putative cuticular collagen (CB378944), (FC: -47.9) and the hypothetical protein CBG21909 (CB378289), (FC: -12.1).
Comparing the 3d S reaction (baseline) to the 8d S reaction revealed differentially expressed genes in the 8d S reaction (Fig. 3F; Supplementary Table Ten). Induced genes included a beta-1,4-endoglucanase-3 precursor (AF044210.1), (FC: 9.3); a beta-1,4-endoglucanase-4 (AY043224.1), (FC: 9); a SCN esophageal gland cell protein (AF345801.1), (FC: 5.65); a ubiquitin extension protein (AF469060.1), (FC: 4.67) and a putative gland protein G33E05 (AF502392.1), (FC: 3.44). Suppressed genes were a C-type lectin domain protein (AF498244.1), (FC: -291); a hypothetical esophageal gland cell secretory protein 4 (AF273731.2), (FC: -236); the Y52B11A.8 gene (CB281657), (FC: -224); the putative cuticular collagen (CB378944), (FC: -127) and the hypothetical protein CBG11380 (CK394435), (FC: -110).
Hierarchical clustering of gene expression across reaction types and time points
Hierarchical clustering using heat maps was used to develop a three time point (time series) analysis of H. glycines expression during both R and S reactions. The analysis compared R and S samples at T2, T3 and T4. The root of the heat map was the 8d S sample (Fig. 4, Supplementary Table Eleven). Node A was the branch point for the 12 h S sample (Fig. 4). Node B was the branch point for the subordinate nodes C and D. Nodes C and D each bifurcated. Node C was represented by the 3d S and 12h R reaction samples (Fig. 4). Node D was the branch point for the 3d and 8d R samples (Fig. 4).
Gene expression as monitored during the course of R or S reactions
K-means clustering was done on the log2 normalized expression data. It was used to group genes with similar expression profiles during the course of infection. This resulted in the identification of 12 clusters that were used to identify centroids to be used as a starting point for cluster identification. After 1000 repetitions, 12 gene clusters were identified so that all the values were affiliated with a specific cluster. Using more or fewer clusters resulted in either over-fitting or under-fitting the R (Fig. 5, Supplementary Tables Twelve to Twenty-three) or S (Fig. 6, Supplementary Tables Twenty-four to Thirty-five) datasets to a respective centroid.
Two R profile types stood out as meriting mention. Firstly, Figure 5-5R, is a profile consisting of genes that are initially expressed at lower levels at 12 h but then increase in their expression by 3 and 8d. Genes were sorted that had experienced their highest expression at the 8d time point. Two of these genes are the hypothetical protein Hgg-18 from H. glycines (CB935297) that has K-means expression values of 0.079 (12 h), 0.654 (3d) and 1.049 (8d). Another gene (P22U) was a homolog of the filarial heartworm nematode Dirofilaria immitis (CB825185) that has K-means expression values of 0.128 (12 h), 0.723 (3d) and 1.01 (8d). A second profile type, Figure 5-10R are genes that are lower in expression at the 12 h and 3d time points but then experience an increase in expression at 8d. Many of these genes are unknown. However, two of the top five genes do have homology to known genes. For example, one gene was a cuticular collagen (CB378944) originally identified from the plant parasitic nematode Globodera pallida. Its K-means expression values were 0.326 (12 h), 0.256 (3d), 1.154 (8d). A second gene was a C-type lectin domain protein identified from H. glycines (AF498244.1). Its K-means expression values were -0.168 (12 h), -0.149 (3d), 1.11 (8d).
Gene expression: comparative time course analyses of gene expression during R or S reactions
Gene expression was monitored during the course of infection for H. glycines undergoing either R or S reactions. Genes undergoing similar expression profiles over time were identified for R and S reactions (Fig. 7, Supplemental Table Thirty-six). However, dissimilarity in gene numbers existed for R and S reactions (Fig. 7, Supplemental Table Thirty-six). This was further explored by identifying the numbers of genes that were overlapping in those similar profiles (Fig. 7, Supplemental Table Thirty-six). The remaining genes were unique to the R or S reaction type (Fig. 7, Supplemental Table Thirty-six). These observations demonstrated that a significant amount of genes were different between R and S reaction profiles. Therefore, R and S reaction profiles could be filtered per gene into contrasting gene expression (Fig. 8, Supplemental Table Thirty-seven). Several contrasting profiles (N = 6) had more than 100 genes in them. These profile types are A2, C3, H3, A5, E6 and H6 (Fig. 8, Supplemental Table Thirty-seven).
MA compared gene expression between populations of H. glycines nematodes experiencing either an R or S reaction. The analyses also compared different chronological time points during their life cycle. This analysis, however, was limited to the first 8 days of infection. This is because the R reaction, as evident by the presence of collapsing syncytia in Peking, is nearing its completion by this time under the experimental conditions used here [19, 20].
Selection of H. glycines populations in the analyses
The experiments presented here were aimed at obtaining H. glycines undergoing R or S reactions in the identical G. max genetic background. Importantly for the analyses, both NL1-RHg and TN8 were exposed to the same G. max genotypes during their maintenance in the lab and during the experiments. Prior to the experiments, NL1-RHg and TN8 were maintained on the G. max genotype Kent that undergoes an S reaction to both H. glycines populations. Thus, differences in gene expression observed in pi-L2 of NL1-RHg and TN8 are not caused by their maintenance on different plant genotypes or species.
G. max genotype Peking roots undergo an R reaction if infected with NL1-RHg and undergo an S reaction if infected with TN8. An important caveat is that while NL1-RHg does experience an R reaction in Peking, it is not a disarmed, non-pathogenic population of H. glycines. This is because, as mentioned before, NL1-RHg does experience an S reaction in Kent. Kent is a G. max genotype that does not engage in an R reaction. Therefore, NL1-RHg will experience an R or S reaction based off of the G. max genotype it infects. During the S reaction, NL1-RHg initiates the formation of a syncytium that it feeds from during the course of its life cycle in Kent. Prior experiments have shown that changes in Kent gene expression accompanies infection in whole infected roots as well as syncytia isolated by l aser c apture m icrodissection (LCM) .
Conversely, NL1-RHg initiates the formation of a syncytium in G. max genotype Peking that then subsequently collapses during the R reaction. MA have revealed gene expression of whole, infected Peking roots undergoing an R reaction . Subsequent analyses have compared R and S reactions . The comparative analyses of R to S reactions allowed for the identification of Peking gene expression that was common or unique to each reaction . A companion MA analysis has revealed gene expression of syncytia at 3d undergoing an R reaction . This is a time point prior to their collapse during the R reaction.
Gene expression in H. glycines populations undergoing R or S reactions is different before infection
The MA presented here were performed on pi-L2, comparing NL1-RHg to TN8, resulting in the identification of genes that are common and unique to each reaction. The analyses indicate that NL1-RHg and TN8 have measurable population-specific patterns of gene expression even before their infection of G. max genotype Peking. The investigation used pi-L2 NL1-RHg and TN8 that were grown and maintained identically on Kent. For the pi-L2 analyses, samples were obtained before the nematodes were placed on Peking. Thus, it is unlikely that the differences in gene expression that were observed resulted from the nematodes perceiving the presence of Peking and manifesting those differences as variations in transcriptional activity prior to infection. The draft genome of Pristionchus pacificus, a parasitic nematode of the oriental beetle Exomala orientalis in the United States and Japan have revealed differences between the four strains commonly used in evolutionary studies . A whole genome comparison between the Washington and California strains resulted in the identification of a difference of 4.3% of all ungapped positions . Thus, a substantial amount of genetic variation that would influence gene expression has been shown to exist in different strains (i.e., populations) of other parasitic nematodes.
The annotation of the probe sets here show that many of the genes that are induced in NL1-RHg and suppressed in TN8 possess homology to putative pharyngeal gland proteins [35, 36]. The genus Heterodera has three pharyngeal glands. Two of the glands are subventral and one is dorsal. Many of the genes identified in previous experiments are subventral gland specific . The subventral glands are very active. However, both their size and activity decrease dramatically during root penetration and their migration . Importantly, this occurs before feeding cell initiation. Many of these genes, however, have been shown to have roles in weakening the cell wall as the nematodes migration through the root.
The large number of genes identified in this analysis demonstrates that population-specific expression patterns in gene activity are present even before the nematodes infect Peking. Thus, it appears as though the different nematode populations are equipped differently. In the experiments presented here, H. glycines NL1-RHg and TN8 had the opportunity to infect the same a G. max genotype (i.e., Peking), resulting in vastly different outcomes. Why H. glycines are equipped differently to contend with the root environment is not understood at the molecular level. However, these differences in gene expression may be so the various H. glycines populations can contend with the different genotypes of G. max. The results obtained in these analyses indicated that the array of parasitism genes involved in activities such as cell wall degradation may be much larger than previously appreciated. This was demonstrated by the recent genome sequencing project of the related plant parasitic nematode, M. incognita . The analysis identified numerous secreted enzymes that target cellulose, xylan, arabinan or pectin that were previously unknown . In addition to these, numerous expansin-like proteins were identified and in total, 81 genes were identified to be involved in these cell wall degrading processes .
An observation made in the analysis was the identification of several bacterial-like genes that are suppressed in pi-L2 NL1-RHg. Of note was a cell wall hydrolase (p-value of 0.0294, FDR of 11.61042) that most closely matched the gram-negative β-subgroup proteobacterium B. multivorans ATCC 17616. However, the probe set had just missed the cutoff set by the analysis method (i.e., fold change of ≥ |1.5|, p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR set at 10%). Regardless, the outcome was an important indicator of plant parasitic nematode biology. The recent sequencing project of M. incognita revealed numerous horizontal gene transfers of plant cell wall degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes, expansins and invertases whose origins are likely to be bacterial . The analysis presented here also identified a H. glycines β-expansin that was suppressed in NL1-RHg that experiences an R reaction. The identification of an induced fucosyltransferase family protein in NL1-RHg pi-L2 that experiences an R reaction was intriguing since multi-fucosylated cuticular structures are suggested to help nematodes avoid host detection . These analyses demonstrate that gene expression is different in the two nematode populations before they had even contacted a potential host root. This outcome of the analysis is consistent with the other observations of differences in the genetic content of parasitic nematodes [25, 47]). Of note, the putative parasitism gene chorismate mutase was not observed to be differentially expressed between the two nematode races by our analysis methods.
A cDNA-a mplification f ragment l ength p olymorphism (AFLP)-based strategy identified 22 out of 24,025 t ranscript-d erived f ragments (TDF) were differentially expressed in the root-knot nematode M. incognita . The cDNAs were present in avirulent strains and absent in virulent near isogenic lines . Of note, two were expressed specifically in the intestinal cells. One was expressed in the subventral esophageal glands. Two were expressed in the dorsal esophageal gland of L2. Such differences, as reflected by variations in gene expression, may be important as H. glycines evolve mechanisms to overcome naturally occurring resistance in different genotypes of G. max.
Gene expression analyses at 12 h identify few changes in gene expression between nematode populations
MA demonstrated that the only differential gene expression occurring in NL1-RHg at 12 h is induced gene expression. Comparatively few genes were induced as well. Actin, a gene composing muscles is induced in nematodes experiencing an R reaction at 12 h. Prior analyses have shown that actin1 (Hg-act-1) is induced during the pi-L2 stage of development . The analysis identified a H. glycines homolog of glutathione-S-transferase as being induces in Hg-GST-1 nematodes experiencing an R reaction at 12 h. GST is a component of the detoxification pathway. In Meloidogyne incognita, a secreted GST was shown to be induced 27 times more abundantly in the L3 stage than in the L2 . However, in our case, an induced expression was noted in the i-L2 stage in H. glycines experiencing a resistant reaction as compared to those experiencing a susceptible reaction at 12 h. Another gene, carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) family member (cpt-1) was identified as being induced in H. glycines experiencing a resistant reaction as compared to those experiencing a susceptible reaction at 12 h. The CPTase system is composed of two mitochondrial membrane-bound enzymes. The first is CPTase I and the second is CPTase II. The location of CPTase I is the inner side of the outer mitochondrial membrane. In contrast, the location of CPTase II is the inner mitochondrial membrane. These enzymes, along with acyl-CoA synthetase and the carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, provide the mechanism for how long-chain fatty acids are transferred cytosolically to the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation. In humans, mutations in CPT are a clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder of energy metabolism. CPT I genetic defects impair liver activity while CPT II genetic defects are characterized, clinically, by muscle weakness and rhabdomyolysis (rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle) .
Gene expression is similar in H. glycines populations experiencing an R or S reaction at 3d
Very little difference in gene expression was observed between NL1-RHg and TN8 at 3d. Histological analyses of root tissue development during R and S reactions at 3d have been performed. Those analyses have demonstrated that H. glycines initiates the formation of syncytia that appear similar at the anatomical level. While syncytia appear similar at the anatomical level at 3d, molecular differences are present . Syncytia collected from Peking roots undergoing R or S reactions revealed differences in gene expression between the two reactions at 3d . Some of those differences involved induced expression of genes involved in important aspects of the defense response. Some of the genes induced in syncytia undergoing an R reaction as compared to syncytia undergoing an S reaction were lipoxygenase, G. max HSP70 (GmHSP70), superoxide dismutase, WRKY transcription factor and GmRLK3 . Therefore, localized changes in the feeding environment of the nematode (the syncytium) are underway even though they are not yet evident at 3d when examining NL1-RHg and TN8 gene expression.
Suppression of gene activity occurs between 3 and 8d in H. glycines populations experiencing R
The analysis identified that a substantial difference in gene expression is present between the two nematode races as the development of R or S transitions from the 3d to the 8d time point. A smaller proportion of that difference in gene expression is induced genes. Most of the genes having positive BLASTX matches in Genbank were putative gland proteins. However, several other genes had bona fide biological roles. Some of those genes were ubiquitin extension protein and a β-1,4-endoglucanase . The role of these genes in infection is unclear since they are induced in NL1-RHg undergoing an R reaction in G. max roots. However, it is possible that the induced expression is due to the continued attempts at establishing a functional syncytium. Alternatively the genes are protective in nature.
A large proportion of the probe sets on the Affymetrix® soybean GeneChip® measured suppressed gene activity in NL1-RHg at 8d. Annotation of these genes identified steroid alpha reductase as the top hit having a positive BLASTX match. However, several more highly suppressed genes of unknown function were identified. Because parasitic nematodes do not synthesize sterols, they have a nutritional requirement that must be met by their host. Plant parasitic nematodes accomplish this by metabolizing phytosterols. The metabolism of these sterols includes saturation of the phytosterol nucleus and dealkylation of phytosterols at C24 . Because of the nature of the analysis presented here, steroid alpha reductase is the most highly induced gene with a positive BLASTX match in TN8 experiencing an S reaction. This outcome is consistent with TN8 actively engaging in feeding at 8d.
Other genes were also suppressed in NL1-RHg. The second highest match was a serine proteinase (sp-III gene) . Three serine proteinases have been isolated from H. glycines and their activity determined . CpTI, a serine proteinase inhibitor, was expressed in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) and shown to suppress the early growth of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida . The identification of two highly suppressed genes in NL1-RHg experiencing an R reaction at 8d suggests that the feeding activity or machinery of these nematodes may be compromised. Alternatively, those genes never become induced in NL1-RHg since all of the developmental prerequisites prior to the induction of those genes involved in feeding have not been met. Regardless, this outcome is consistent with the observation that NL1-RHg are not increasing in girth between 3 and 8d.
H. glycines gene expression comparing different time points within R or S reactions
Numerous differential expression analyses are presented demonstrating gene expression in H. glycines experiencing R or S reactions at single time points. Other analyses demonstrated gene expression in H. glycines experiencing R or S reactions during the course of infection. Many of these analyses demonstrated commonalities in expression for H. glycines experiencing either an R or S reaction. While it would be intriguing to speculate how they function during R, many of these genes are also found to be induced during each of the three S reaction comparative analyses (i.e., 12 h vs. 3d, 12 h vs. 8d and 3d vs. 8d). Thus, the induced gene expression presented in those analyses appears to be common to the two reaction types.
Genes experiencing a substantial suppression of activity within a reaction type (i.e., R or S) were several cuticular collagens. The cuticle would be expected to present molecules that can be perceived by plant cells during its defense response. The suppression of these genes may be an indicator that the plant is impairing cuticle maintenance at 3d during the R reaction. While it would be interesting to speculate how they function during the R reaction, many of these genes (i.e., cuticular collagens) are also found to be suppressed during each of the three comparative analyses for the S reaction (i.e., 12 h vs. 3d, 12 h vs. 8 h and 3d vs. 8d). Thus, the identification of induced gene expression in those analyses appears to be common to the two reaction types. This highlights why analyses addressing the differences in gene expression that is present between the H. glycines populations during infection are important. Such analyses, as presented here, may better explain the nature of the R or S reaction during infection of the same G. max genotype. These sorts of analyses may also be used much in the same way as mutant analyses are used to identify genes involved in a specific process (i.e., R or S). Therefore, deficiencies in gene expression in a particular nematode population would then be revealed and correlated to a particular outcome (i.e., R or S). The recent sequencing of a portion of the H. glycines genome , thus can be used as a guide to better understand the nature of expression differences as observed in our analyses.
Contrasting gene expression as H. glycines experiences R or S
A time course analysis of contrasting H. glycines gene expression was presented. The comparison demonstrated gene expression as H. glycines experienced an R or S reaction. Six of these profile types had greater than 100 genes each. Comparing their expression with G. max gene expression during an R reaction may identify deficiencies in those H. glycines genes involved in defense. It may also explain how the nematodes are being overcome as the G. max defense response is becoming established. For example, in whole roots undergoing R, a substantial number of G. max probe sets for HSPs (i.e., ClpB/HSP101, HSP90 and HSP70), LOX and genes involved in energy metabolism measured induced gene expression . Laser capture microdissection and MA analyses of syncytia undergoing a resistant reaction resulted in the identification of genes known to be involved in various defense responses (i.e., HSP70, WRKY-like transcription factor, GmRLK3, Superoxide dismutase and LOX) . Therefore, G. max gene expression at the site of infection and distally in the cortex tissue surrounding H. glycines is likely playing roles during the R reaction.
The resultant analysis identified signature gene expression that is occurring in the NL1-RHg and TN8 populations during the R or S reaction, respectively. Of note throughout these analyses was the observation that a large proportion of genes do not have significant matches in the public databases. This underscores the necessity for functional analyses of these genes. One promising method for functional analyses in H. glycines has been the use of RNA interference (RNAi) . Functional analyses of H. glycines genes using RNAi has been used to demonstrate essential roles for some genes . Other analyses have investigated genes that are putatively involved in parasitism. However, of the many dorsal esophageal or subventral gland putative parasitism genes targeted in these RNAi screens, few if any have identified any essential role [59–61]). Those results may point to their combinatorial or additive role during infection. The outcomes of those experiments would be in agreement with the observations presented here. For example different suites of putative parasitism genes appear to be expressed in the NL1-RHg and TN8 populations even after they have each engaged in an S reaction during their maintenance in the G. max genotype Kent. Our experiments have identified many genes that are even more highly expressed than the putative parasitism genes that have no identifiable homolog in the public databases. This may be a suite of genes to explore further. Alternatively, the essential parasitism genes have not yet been isolated and functionally tested in ways that can truly reveal their function. For example, the recent sequencing of the related plant parasitic nematode M. incognita has revealed that while many components of the RNAi pathway are present (i.e., ego-1, rrf-1, rrf-2 and rrf-3), those that are essential for the systemic spreading mechanism (i.e., sid-1, sid-2, rsd-2 and rsd-6) do not have identifiable homologs . Similar observations have been made in the analysis of the sequenced genome of the filarial nematode parasite Brugia malayi . This may explain some of the ambiguity in the findings of plant parasitic nematode RNAi screens [60, 61]. Analyses that have produced large amounts of DNA sequence information in H. glycines have not yet determined whether these homologs exist . Thus, further annotation of those DNA sequences may reveal whether identifiable homologs exist in H. glycines.
The work presented here identified gene expression that occurs as H. glycines pi-L2 nematodes infect G. max roots, resulting in R or S reactions. The work also provides gene expression data of H. glycines during infection of a G. max genotype (i.e., Peking) that possesses resistance genes. The work provides information on H. glycines gene expression that occurs as G. max resistance is overcome. Thus, the work may help identify how populations of H. glycines that can lie dormant for years in the field as eggs within cysts successfully evolve mechanisms to overcome resistance. This work may also provide insight for strategies aimed at engineering resistance to H. glycines. The functional analysis of some of these genes has been performed with the aim of engineering G. max resistance to H. glycines . This is particularly important for controlling H. glycines populations that have developed ways to overcome the limited resistance afforded by various genotypes of G. max such as Peking. These results demonstrate that caution should be employed when using any single nematode species or population as a model for parasitic nematode research. The diversity of gene expression that was obtained in these analyses warrants further exploration. The results demonstrate that it is also important to study homologous systems when the goal is engineering nematode resistance into a specific plant species.
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The authors greatly appreciate the continued support provided by the United Soybean Board under grant 5214. VPK is a recipient of a Research Initiation Program Grant, Mississippi State University. The authors thank Dr. David Munroe and Nicole Lum at the Laboratory of Molecular Technology, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA for the Affymetrix® array hybridizations and data acquisition. All data, raw and normalized, are stored in the Soybean Genomics and Microarray Database (Alkharouf et al 2004 ), available through the web site http://bioinformatics.towson.edu/SCN_paper/. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture.
VPK, designed the study, analyzed data, wrote manuscript, revised manuscript; PH, performed microarray analyses, revised manuscript; MHM, designed the study, managed plants and nematodes, isolated samples, revised manuscript; NWA, performed statistical analyses of microarray analyses, revised website and manuscript; BFM, designed the study, contributed to writing and editing of the manuscript.
Vincent P Klink, Parsa Hosseini contributed equally to this work.
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Klink, V.P., Hosseini, P., MacDonald, M.H. et al. Population-specific gene expression in the plant pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines exists prior to infection and during the onset of a resistant or susceptible reaction in the roots of the Glycine max genotype Peking. BMC Genomics 10, 111 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-111
- Laser Capture Microdissection
- Plant Parasitic Nematode
- Nematode Population
- Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase
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LOCKDOWN LEVEL 1 [DAY 20]
TOTAL DAYS 201 – 07 HOURS 50 MINUTES
By the close of trade on Monday, the South African rand weakened against the US dollar.
- The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected labor markets. As noted in a recent Regional Economist article, more than 33 million U.S. workers applied for unemployment insurance between mid-March and the last week of April. Furthermore, the unemployment rate jumped from 3.5% in February to 14.7% in April.
- South African manufacturing production contracted for the 15th month in August, even as COVID-19 lockdown measures were lifted, suggesting that the manufacturing sector could weigh on an economy that has already contracted by an annualised 51.0% in the three months to the end of June.
- The Covid-19 pandemic will exact a $16 trillion toll on the U.S. Four times the cost of the Great Recession, when adding the costs of lost lives and health to the direct economic impact, according to former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers and fellow Harvard University economist David Cutler. About half of that amount is related to lost gross domestic product as a result of economic shutdowns and the ongoing spread of the virus, while the other half comes from health losses including premature death and mental and long-term health impairments
- The yield on benchmark government bonds fell yesterday. The yield on 2026 bond declined to 7.15%. Further, the yield on 2023 bond dropped to 4.50%, while that for the longer-dated 2030 issue fell to 9.42%.
In early morning trade on Tuesday, the US dollar is trading higher against the South African rand at R16.5722, while the euro is trading higher at R19.5466. The British pound has gained against the South African rand to trade at R21.6126.
By the close of trade on Monday, the euro declined against most of the major currencies.
- The European Central Bank (ECB) Vice President, Luis de Guindos, stated that the eurozone economy is losing momentum and that the ECB will react accordingly.
- British Prime Minister Boris Johnson will on Monday impose a tiered system of further restrictions on parts of England as the COVID-19 outbreak accelerates, though anger is rising at the cost of the stringent curtailment of freedoms. Johnson will hold a meeting of the government’s emergency COBRA committee and then address parliament, offering lawmakers a vote later in the week on the measures. He will then hold a press conference alongside England’s chief medical officer and his finance minister. Johnson’s three-tiered local lockdowns will include shutting bars, gyms, casinos and bookmakers in some areas.
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15 of the Toughest Shrubs on the Planet
Take the guesswork out of your landscaping and put these tough shrubs to the test in your backyard. These shrubs are great for homeowners who are looking for easy-care solutions.
If you’re in the market for shrubs, you’ll find a lot of new varieties. Many are more colorful than older choices; some are smaller, making them more versatile in your landscape. Add a few tough plants to your landscaping for a solid foundation, then experiment with new varieties each year. Soon you’ll have a much larger list of low-maintenance beauties that are sure to flourish in your landscape.
Plus, if you like to keep it easy, check out these low-maintenance landscaping ideas.
Ninebark is native to most areas. New cultivars with colorful foliage have moved this native plant out of the back border and into the spotlight. Use as a hedge, backdrop for flowers or in mixed borders. This tough shrub tolerates full sun to part shade, drought, salt, clay and rocky soils. Plus, check out these 24 genius gardening hacks you’ll be glad you know.
Why we love it: You can find lots of compact cultivars like lady in red (ruby spice), nugget, little devil and amber jubilee.
Japanese spirea is a tough flowering shrub that never fails — one reason it’s often called a “gas station plant.” Indeed, you can leave it to its devices (much like landscapers do at commercial plantings like gas stations) and be assured it will still deliver a dependable supply of pink flower clusters in summer. Check out these gardening tips for people who think they have brown thumbs.
Why we love it: They’re generally more compact than the spring-blooming spireas, and some cultivars have colorful foliage to boot. One example is goldflame, which starts with bronze-red foliage in spring, matures to yellow-green, and takes on yellow, orange and copper hues as a fall finale.
Landscape or Shrub Roses
About four feet tall and three feet wide, the mother of pearl shrub rose blooms almost continually if you snip off spent flowers. Otherwise it rests a bit before putting out new flowers, right up until heavy frost. Another low maintenance shrub rose variety we love is the knock out rose.
Why we love it: With color this delicious, mother of pearl is a natural for your perennial beds, where its never-ending bloom will fill in dead spots as other flowers go in and out of bloom.
Smoke bush (Continus) is one of those flowering shrubs that gets people talking. “What’s that?” they’ll ask. Invariably, the question is posed in summer, when the puffy, smoke-like flower panicles appear. The flower structures are most noticeable in midsummer but hold on in some form for months. Check out these 10 wildflowers that do well in the suburbs.
Why we love it: Fortunately, some smoke bushes also have colorful foliage to carry the entire season — varieties with burgundy or chartreuse leaves are the most notable.
This is the tough guy of the evergreen crew, thumbing its nose at dry, rocky soils and scorching sun. Deer and other browsing animals leave it alone, too. There are more and more juniper varieties each year, many with attractive textures and colors. It’s available in various forms, from spreading groundcover to mounded to upright, so juniper can serve a number of landscape purposes. Read about other groundcovers.
Why we love it: Use upright junipers as a substitute for arborvitae where deer are prevalent. Lower forms look good as foundation plants.
Annabelle or Smooth Hydrangea
The annabelle-type hydrangea grows quickly and makes a nice addition to shade gardens. Their hearty nature and low-maintenance makes them an easy plant to use as a hedge, in mixed borders or as a specimen. Grow in full to part sun and check the plant tag for proper spacing.
Why we love it: The panicle hydrangea, a close cousin, is a newer and shorter variety of the hydrangea and is also a low-maintenance shrub.
Viburnums populate a huge family of plants in a wide range of sizes and habits, each with white clusters of spring flowers that form red, blue or black fruits. Set your bird garden and shrub border ablaze with the red colors of this native viburnum. Grow it in full sun or partial shade. Select a cultivar like red feather for consistent and outstanding autumn color.
Why we love it: Birds love it and it has few pest problems. Plant it where you can watch your feathered friends feast on the blue fruit, but far enough away so you won’t smell the odoriferous spring blooms.
Is it overstating things to say witch hazel is, ahem, bewitching? Not when you see it unfurl its spider-like flowers in middle to late winter. All but autumn witch hazel (a fall bloomer) are bare when in bloom, making the golden yellow, sometimes reddish orange flowers more conspicuous. Plus, you’ll regret planting these 10 shrubs.
Why we love it: Witch hazels are tough, undemanding shrubs with stunning fall foliage and winter flowers.
Many people are surprised to find boxwood shrubs on a drought tolerant list of plants. But in the more temperate regions of the country, boxwood are considered drought tolerant once established in the garden. They do best in well-drained, fertile soil. And although they will grow in full sun, a location with partial shade is best.
Why we love it: Boxwood does well when used for edging, creating borders and for screening.
Bright Gold Yew
Add a splash of sunshine to your landscape with the golden needles of Bright Gold Yew. Grow it in full sun with a little afternoon shade for the best color. Needles eventually fade to bright green as the season progresses. It tolerates urban conditions and shade but needs moist, well-draining soil and protection from cold winter winds.
Why we love it: Relish its naturally small scale, or prune it to fit your space.
Here’s an appealing, loosely arching shrub that grows quickly. The glossy green leaves turn maroon or orange by fall, and the vivid red twigs and whitish-blue fruit make for a colorful cool-season show. This dogwood works well in a mixed-shrub border. It’s easy-going but prefers somewhat moist soil, and does fine in sun or partial shade.
Why we love it: Birds love it! No matter what your space, there’s a dogwood species for you. Ask your local nursery for the best suggestions. Here’s how to create the ultimate backyard wildlife habitat.
This North American native brings year-round beauty to any landscape. Once the colorful autumn leaves drop, the red or black berries take center stage. Birds chow down on the fruit throughout winter. Chokeberry welcomes spring with white flowers and spends the summer decked out in glossy green leaves. Check out these 11 sparkling shrubs for today’s yards.
Why we love it: Adaptable chokeberry tolerates full sun to shade and wet to dry soil once established. It’s becoming a popular food crop for jam, jelly and wine.
Add a few elderberries for you and the birds to enjoy. Butterflies are attracted to the white flowers that appear in summer. The small, purple-black fruit that follows attract birds and can be used for jellies, pies, juice and wine. New cultivars like black lace and lemon lacy add fine texture and color to the landscape. Plus: Build this DIY butterfly house for your backyard.
Why we love it: Elderberries tolerate wet and even dry soil once established.
Grown as a small tree or a shrub, winterberry doesn’t get much attention during the growing season. Come winter, though, this wallflower demands to be seen when it bursts to life with bright red berries. Winterberry grows best in full sun and tolerates wet soil in spring and drought in summer. Check out these 10 winter plants that love cool weather.
Why we love it: The impressive collection of fruit lasts for months if the songbirds don’t gobble it up first. Plant winterberry in groups for big impact.
Dappled willow, also known as variegated willow, produces amazing leaves that are variegated when they are young. Whatever you choose to call it, it will surely become a favorite for you in your landscape.
You’ll be delighted when the vibrant, distinctive leaves unfurl from the buds in spring with a mottled mix of cream, green and pink colors. As the new growth matures, some of the pink colorations will subside, leaving a creamy white and grayish green variegated leaf.
This colorful shrub is really popular with homeowners looking for easy-care solutions. Speaking of solutions, gear up for gardening with one of these amazing garden tools.
Why we love it: This plant also displays good winter interest with coral and red stems that contrasts with the landscape. | <urn:uuid:9101e374-66a6-41ab-b059-7a8f2c3afc7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.familyhandyman.com/list/tough-shrubs-that-will-grow-anywhere/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91468 | 2,038 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Naturopathic Cancer Treatment
Dr. James is a board certified naturopathic oncologist and strives to create healing opportunities for patients at all stages of the cancer journey. Her recommendations regarding natural measures for use with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment are grounded in the most up-to-date research and standards of care. She advises patients on the safe use of herbs and nutritional supplements that have been shown to support the immune system, minimize side effects of conventional treatment, and synergize with those treatments to make them more effective. Once treatment is completed, Dr. James can help you determine the best dietary and lifestyle changes to make to strengthen your immune system and decrease risk factors for cancer recurrence.
Supportive Integrated Medicine during active treatment:
- Personalized plans of care
- Recommendations to enhance each phase of cancer treatment and decrease side effects, using natural compounds, nutrition and lifestyle interventions
- Appropriate referrals to acupuncture, oncology massage, registered dietitians, and counseling.
Restorative Integrated Medicine post active treatment:
- Counseling on reducing risks for cancer recurrence
- Reestablishing health through lifestyle, nutrition, and natural medicines
- Management and support of chronic illness with natural medicines
- Proactive survivorship program
- Supportive care in light of mastectomy, lymphedema, and chronic pain
One in eight women will develop breast cancer in this country. The majority of women have no known cause, but research suggests that nutritional, lifestyle, hormonal, and environmental factors may be to blame. These factors contribute to the health of the biochemical terrain, or the micro-environment that surrounds your cells. Changing the biochemical terrain can be done through effective diet, exercise, hormone balancing, and detoxification using natural means. These strategies, coupled with naturopathic support during and following treatment for breast cancer, can dramatically change quality of life and disease outcomes. | <urn:uuid:4ece2269-c248-4677-990f-4c4c930186e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laurajamesnd.com/services/cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.916173 | 388 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Winners of Life Science Accelerator Grants Focus on Lab-to-Market Ideas
Twelve winning research teams led by Columbia University faculty, across diverse disciplines, have received a Columbia Life Science Accelerator pilot grant for their creative and inventive lab-to-market projects. Award recipients, representing areas of expertise from bioengineering to mechanical engineering and genetics to systems biology, are each focusing on research or inventions that are on a path to commercialization or the clinic via novel therapeutics discovery or technologies that aim to change the way patients are being treated or diagnosed.
The recipients were selected for their potential to translate their research from the lab to commercial market, the scientific novelty and clinical merit of the project, and the feasibility of the proposed work. The teams this year share a total of $780,500 in pilot funding.
The annual Life Science Accelerator pilots are co-funded by the Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research through its Translational Therapeutics Accelerator (TRx); the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center through its Accelerating Cancer Therapeutics (ACT) program; and Columbia Engineering through its Biomedical Engineering Technology Accelerator, or BiomedX. The three groups work closely with Columbia Technology Ventures (CTV), a central hub at the University for technology development initiatives, entrepreneurial activities, and external industry collaborations, and by the Columbia Lab-to-Market Accelerator Network, a framework to successfully develop, launch, and execute initiatives to help commercialize academic research.
Congratulations to the recipients of the 2021 Life Science Accelerator pilot grants (categorized per funding arm):
Accelerating Cancer Therapeutics (ACT)
“NAMPT Inhibitors for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma”
Investigators: Riccardo Dalla-Favera, PhD, professor of clinical medicine, of pathology and cell biology, and of microbiology and immunology of the Institute for Cancer Genetics; Claudio Scuoppo, PhD, instructor at the Institute for Cancer Genetics
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide with some 50,000 new cases per year in the U.S. Approximately 40% of patients do not respond to first-line therapies, while the response rates of second-line therapies, new molecularly-targeted drugs, and cell-based therapies, remain limited. By screening drugs that are approved or in advanced clinical development, Drs. Dalla-Favera and Scuoppo have identified inhibitors of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Salvage pathway, as the top drug compounds showing potent activity against a major genetically characterized subtype of DLBCL that accounts for about 65% of total cases. Treatment in mice models showed that systemic NAMPT inhibition is active against DLBCL and is not toxic. The team has developed multiple assays to characterize the on-target activity and the relative potency of the currently available NAMPT inhibitors, which have not been previously tested against DLBCL and are also of limited potency. Based on these data, the team plans to generate and validate new potent NAMPT inhibitors aimed at treating DLBCL.
“Mirin-based Inhibitors of the Mre11 Nuclease: targeting the DNA damage response for Cancer Therapy”
Investigators: Jean Gautier, PhD, professor of genetics and development in the Institute for Cancer Genetics; Brent Stockwell, PhD, professor of chemistry
DNA repair mechanisms are critical in suppressing tumors. Defects in DNA repair occur in subsets of difficult-to-treat breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. These tumors with unstable genomes have critically high death rates and current treatment options are not adequate. A team, led by Drs. Gautier and Stockwell, is focusing on the development of inhibitors of a DNA repair enzyme called Mre11 nuclease, following their research discovery and characterization of mirin, a highly specific inhibitor of Mre11 and the first inhibitor of a DNA repair nuclease. Mre11 also acts to repair lesions generated by DNA topoisomerase inhibitors and gemcitabine, both widely used chemotherapy drugs, and Mirin-based Mre11 inhibitors also have the potential to increase the efficacy of these treatments. Mirin and derivatives have therefore a wide range of potential applications as cytotoxic drugs for tumors with mutations in DNA repair pathways, tumors with heavy mutation burden, and/or in combination with DNA damaging chemotherapies.
Columbia Biomedical Engineering Technology Accelerator (BiomedX)
“SONO-PATCH: The World’s First Wearable Imaging Device”
Investigators: David Kessler, MD, M.Sc, associate professor of pediatrics (in emergency medicine); Ken Shephard, PhD, professor of electrical engineering and of biomedical engineering
Critically ill patients are often subject to continuous physiologic monitoring and repeated imaging tests to manage their care. Wearable ultrasound devices provide non-invasive, continuous physiologic monitoring as well as medical diagnostics. SONO-PATCH is a wearable 2D array in the form of a conformational patch probe that can be placed externally on the body’s surface to allow for continuous sonographic visualization and hands-free operation.
“AutoDetect: Diagnostic Tool for Autoimmune Myocarditis”
Investigators: Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, PhD, professor of biomedical engineering and of medical sciences; Robert Winchester, MD, professor of medicine and of pathology and cell biology, and pediatrics; Laura Geraldino-Pardilla, MD, assistant professor of medicine
There are 10.5 million Americans who are at elevated risk for autoimmune myocarditis and ultimately heart failure. The onset of heart failure can be prevented by diagnosing and treating early-stage myocarditis, however, current diagnostics are inaccurate, unreliable, or inaccessible due to cost. AutoDetect is developing a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool that can identify early-stage myocarditis, which would otherwise go undetected. AutoDetect could aid in risk stratification and facilitate etiology-based therapies.
“A living yeast biosensor for diagnostic applications”
Investigators: Virginia Cornish, PhD, professor of chemistry; Alastair Ager, PhD, adjunct professor of population and family health; and Thomas Briese, PhD, associate professor of epidemiology
There is an unmet need for low-cost, sensitive, specific, simple, and rapid diagnostics to efficiently identify viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, that can be performed at home and at scale. Current at-home solutions are cost-prohibitive: the At-Home Antigen Lateral Flow Assays diagnostics remains >$10/test because of manufacturing, shipping, and storing antibodies, while LAMP-based diagnostics offer molecular accuracy but cost >$50/test for routine testing. The biosensor is a superior diagnostic created by engineering live yeast using synthetic biology. It eliminates the need for expensive equipment and additional reagents by engineering yeast to produce red pigment in response to a given pathogen. Dried yeast can be globally distributed as an inexpensive, safe, simple, and reliable alternative to other diagnostics for routine testing.
“OnXpansion: Automated, targeted expansion of patient tumor samples for clinical biomarker analysis and personalized treatment” (Co-funded by ACT)
Investigators: Anjali Saqi, MD, MBA, professor of pathology and cell biology; Keith Yeager, M Eng, research engineer
At least 40% of biopsies may be inadequate (and thus must be repeated), delaying tumor analysis and personalized cancer care. Currently, increasing biopsy sample size would require changing from a minimally invasive, outpatient
procedure to a surgical procedure, causing increased costs, resource utilization, and morbidity. The current practices to address these shortcomings—repeat biopsy, liquid biopsy, and patient-derived xenografts—all have their own disadvantages. OnXpansion addresses this issues by providing a method and device for expanding scant patient samples into clinically useful quantities for diagnostic biomarker testing for personalized cancer treatments.
Translational Therapeutics Accelerator (TRx)
People with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), non-verbal learning disability (NVLD), and others, often suffer from working memory impairments. Although these deficits account for much of the morbidity in these patient populations, current treatments for ADHD and other neurodevelopment disorders do not target or remediate working memory deficits. Other disorders such as NVLD currently have no approved treatments at all. Dr. Dranovsky and his team have established a mouse model where changes in a single circuit lead to profound spatial working memory deficits and have demonstrated that these deficits can be alleviated by targeting components of the circuit. Dr. Margolis has found that patients with NVLD and working memory impairments exhibit fMRI changes in the same circuit. The team is using these findings to actively develop pharmacological interventions for working memory impairments that would improve daily life for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
"CultivageBio: Vaginal Probiotic Cocktail" (co-funded by BiomedX)
Investigators: Harris Wang, PhD, assistant professor of systems biology; Mary Rosser, MD, PhD, assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology
Vaginal microbiome (VM) imbalances are a risk factor and pathological feature of various reproductive conditions (e.g. pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and infertility). The most common resulting disease is bacterial vaginosis (BV), an overgrowth of anaerobic pathogens that can cause pain, discomfort and excess malodorous vaginal discharge. BV affects 30% of women worldwide, with higher rates in non-white populations. Typical treatments, such as antibiotics, indiscriminately wipe out both pathogens and “healthy” bacteria, potentially leaving patients susceptible to immune system compromises. Probiotics are a promising avenue to treat BV, however, they are limited in efficacy, likely because existing probiotic supplements are missing a key factor: community-level microbial interactions. The team is developing a diverse, stable VM cocktail that can be used to treat VM dysbiosis.
"Development of enhanced CAR T regs for targeted induction of immune tolerance" (co-funded by BiomedX)
Investigators: Mohsen Maharlooei, PhD, associate research scientist; Megan Sykes, MD, professor of medicine and of microbiology and immunology, and surgical sciences (in surgery)
One of the major challenges in healthcare today is controlling immune responses in the settings of autoimmunity and transplantation. With the steady rise in the rate of autoimmune diseases, and continuing growth of waiting lists for transplantations, there is a need for a safer and more effective immunosuppressive therapy. Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising method to induce immune tolerance and control undesired immune responses. Antigen-specific Tregs, including genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tregs, are superior to polyclonal (non-specific) Tregs. However, there are major concerns regarding the potential for CAR Tregs to convert to other T cell types that could be detrimental and the negative effect of conditioning regimens given to patients on the therapeutic CAR Tregs. The team is proposing to improve the efficacy of CAR Treg therapy through implementing strategies aimed at making CAR Tregs resistant to conversion and conditioning toxicity and also enhancing their immunosuppressive capabilities.
“Pro-CARs Probiotic-guided CAR-T cells for universal solid tumor targeting” (Co-funded by ACT)
Investigators: Tal Danino, PhD, associate professor of biomedical engineering; Nicholas Arpaia, PhD, assistant professor of microbiology and immunology
The powerful union of synthetic biology and cancer immunotherapy has driven a new age of intelligent, tumor-antigen targeting therapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. While CAR-T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy against blood cancers, the difficulty of defining safe tumor antigens on heterogenous solid tumors has greatly narrowed its success for difficult-to-target indications. Microbes seeking low oxygen, low pH, and immunosuppressive environments – hallmarks of solid tumors - selectively colonize the necrotic tumor core irrespective of tumor antigens, and have thus emerged as novel programmable therapeutics. Bridging these observations, Drs. Danino and Arpaia have developed a platform of probiotic-guided CAR-T cells (ProCARs), in which T cells are engineered to sense and respond to synthetic antigens that are controlled and released by tumor-homing probiotic bacteria. With this platform they have expanded potential applications of both bacteria and CAR-T cell therapy to allow improved treatment for a wide range of solid tumors.
“Leveraging Single-Cell Technologies with Advanced Machine Learning and Gene Network-Based Predictive Algorithms to Identify Novel Targets Driving Radiation Therapy Resistance” (Co-funded by ACT)
Investigators: Catherine Spina, MD, assistant professor of radiation oncology; Andrea Califano, Dr, chair and professor of systems biology
The National Cancer Institute estimates that 39.5% of people will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lifetime. More than half of all cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy as part of their cancer-directed therapy. Despite the curative intent of definitive radiation, efficacy is not guaranteed with progression of disease often driving fatal outcomes. In addition to eliminating tumor cells by irreparable DNA damage, emerging data has shown that radiation therapy promotes a therapeutically meaningful anti-tumor adaptive immune response. However, this is countered by immunosuppressive changes in the tumor microenvironment that drive therapy resistance. This research team’s goal is to leverage their unique single-cell proteogenomic dataset and advanced machine learning and regulatory gene network-based predictive algorithms to identify novel targets and lead compounds for combination with radiation to mitigate acquired radioresistance.
“SARS-CoV-2 Envelope as a new therapeutic target for COVID-19”
Investigators: Masayuki Yazawa, PhD, assistant professor of rehabilitation and regenerative medicine and of molecular pharmacology and therapeutics; David Ho, MD, professor of medicine and of microbiology and immunology
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic affected approximately 56 million people in the world in 2020. While vaccines against COVID-19 are now approved for use, there are limited treatment options for patients suffering from the virus as well as novel mutants. To address the growing concern of viral mutations, the labs of Drs. Yazawa and Ho are developing therapeutics that target the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, which form ion channels important for virus function and appear much less susceptible to mutations compared to other SARS-CoV-2 proteins. To accomplish this goal, the researchers will use high-throughput bioluminescence reporter assay and live cell imaging to examine the effect of synthetic peptide and antibody candidates on SARS-CoV-2 E channel activities using mammalian heterologous expression systems. Top candidates will be assessed for efficacy on live SARS-CoV-2 viruses. | <urn:uuid:d807825c-9479-44e6-a817-c0fdcb1a7852> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cancer.columbia.edu/news/winners-life-science-accelerator-grants-focus-lab-market-ideas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922487 | 3,209 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Burgers’ Smokehouse was honored on the U.S. Senate floor Wednesday, May 8, 2019, as the Small Business of the Day during 2019 National Small Business Week. National Small Business Week is set aside by the President to honor America’s entrepreneurs and small business owners. As part of the celebration, their recognition was recorded on the Official Congressional record and an American flag was flown over the capitol in their honor.
“We are honored by the recognition and are appreciative of the opportunity to have a thriving small business in this country and the state of Missouri,” said Steven Burger, President of Burgers’ Smokehouse. “When our family business began in 1927, I don’t think my grandfather knew the potential for economic growth for both our family and the community we live in,” expanded Burger.
Today, Daniel Hartman, State Director for the Office of Senator Josh Hawley, and Ray Bozarth, Deputy State Director for the Office of Senator Josh Hawley, presented the team at Burgers’ Smokehouse with the official minutes from the Congressional record, and Morgan Corder, Staff Assistant for the Office of Senator Roy Blunt, presented the flag flown over the U.S. Capitol. | <urn:uuid:7ef9dbaa-59c1-4b72-83fc-f8c3f997e7d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://a4gb.wordpress.com/2019/06/13/burgers-smokehouse-honored-as-senate-small-business-of-the-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961161 | 258 | 1.523438 | 2 |
SPAIN: Authorities in Spain are to receive a special award from UNEP for its efforts to stem the flow of illegal R22 refrigerant.
The ECA Ozone Protection Award for Customs & Enforcement Officers will be presented to Spain’s Public Prosecutor Office for the Protection of the Environment and the SEPRONA, the environmental protection unit of the Civil Guard at a forthcoming UNEP meeting in Turkmenistan.
In 2013 and 2014, the Spanish authorities focused investigations on online trading in refrigerants, both legal and ozone-depleting. This included suspected illegal trade activities in Spanish harbours where significant amounts of R22 had previously been seized on fishing vessels.
It was established that fishing vessels from different countries were docking in ports in Galicia to purchase R22 for servicing their on board refrigeration equipment. At that time, the import and subsequent export of R22 was only allowed by companies authorised by the European Commission. A search in the electronic licensing system of the European Commission revealed the name of a single company trading refrigerants with such vessels.
Further investigations revealed that this company had illegally traded virgin R22 with companies based in Spain and in other EU countries where sale and purchase of the refrigerant is banned. The companies are also said to have sold R22 to companies in non-EU countries without having obtained a valid trade license or without declaring the ozone-depleting refrigerants in the customs declarations for boat supplies.
As a result, 37 tonnes of R22 were seized and, in addition to the investigated firm, a further 24 companies possibly involved in the illegal trade or use of virgin R22 were identified.
The award will be presented at UNEP’s regional customs cooperation meeting in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 24-25 May 2016.
This is the second time that the Spanish authorities have received this award for its investigation in the shipping industry. In 2014, SEPRONA and the Spanish Public Prosecutor’s Office won the award for operation Refresco. This investigation in Las Palmas, Tenerife and Zaragoza began in 2012 and involved more than 60 police officers.
The investigation was triggered by numerous suspicious cases of export licence applications involving large amounts of R22 being delivered to ships of various flag states – something not observed in any other European port.
The R22 originated from China and was imported by ship into Spain legally but with the obligation to re-export the whole amount after re-packaging.
In November 2012, the Spanish Guardia Civil performed raids on several companies on the Canary Islands. The raids revealed evidence that at least two companies in Las Palmas were involved in illegally diverting R22 to be re-exported into the European market. False export licence applications were made and higher exports were declared than actually performed. The surplus material was apparently sold illegally and partly declared as non-virgin to Spanish and Lithuanian companies. Furthermore wrong information was provided in licences to bypass controls.
Searches were conducted in 16 offices and warehouses of various companies and seven vessels registered under different flags were searched. In excess of 150,000kg of R22 were seized. The intended use was mainly for refrigeration on fishing vessels. | <urn:uuid:38046255-49fd-4e37-9af4-a168016af12e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/spain-to-receive-award-for-r22-seizures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977448 | 653 | 1.8125 | 2 |
“And he arose and came to his father. But when he was still a great way off, his father saw him and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him” (Luke 15:20).
BECAUSE THE PATH AHEAD SEEMS UNCERTAIN AND DIFFICULT, WE OFTEN FAIL TO TAKE THE STEPS THAT LIE CLEARLY BEFORE US. If we allow it to happen, doubt and difficulty can paralyze us. Not having found God already, and seeing no way out of our confusion, we neglect to seek Him at all. Our search for truth is stymied.
But the steps that we could take are the most important ones. Usually, it is small steps toward God, taken in trust, that lead to great understanding. Jesus spoke of the honest soul who “comes to the light” (John 3:21). Obviously, enlightenment must be sought, and the seeking can be arduous. But we do not “come to the light” by mere worry or fretfulness. More is involved than simply trying to figure things out intellectually.
Godly wisdom must be sought actively and obediently. If conscience can indicate only a step or two, then a great deal depends upon our taking those steps. What we don’t know must never prevent us from doing the duty we do know. We must use the light we already have — or cease to expect any more.
God graciously honors whatever steps we take in faith, even if those steps seem slight. Numerous biblical texts give us this confidence, such as “Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you” (Matthew 7:7) and “Draw near to God and He will draw near to you” (James 4:8). God will see that we get the information we need to do the right thing, if doing the right thing is really what we intend.
Courage, much more than intelligence, is the key to great understanding in the things of God. The courageous not only think but act with integrity to what they already know. It is the honestly obedient who find the light they’re looking for, while the idly curious find only that the darkness grows more fearful. Active seekers are told: “If you seek Him, He will be found by you” (2 Chronicles 15:2). God is more than a disinterested witness to our quest. If our true purpose is to get back home, our Father will meet us much more than half way.
“Whoso draws nigh to God one step through doubtings dim, God will advance a mile in blazing light to him” (Angelus Silesius). | <urn:uuid:640f379c-57df-4dfe-96af-1a37405748a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordpoints.com/small-steps-great-understanding-january-29/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956384 | 578 | 1.945313 | 2 |
It's time to start talking about period product need, with The Monthly
Families who receive our diapers tell us they have gone without buying period products in order to purchase food or other basic needs. Period product need, or period poverty, is often not discussed because of shame surrounding menstruation or the thought that it is a taboo subject. What does that mean? It means using toilet paper, fast food napkins, socks, paper towels from public restrooms, or using the same tampon for too long. We can do better than this. Period.
Here’s Where YOU Come In:
We know that this is something we can tackle together and we know you want to help. We’ve got three ways to get involved!
1. Monthly Supporter
Make an ongoing automatic donation to The Monthly through our recurring giving program! Donating dollars allows us to get items at a discount through wholesalers and ensures we can stock the most requested items. Head over to our Donate page and subscribe to ongoing giving.
2. Monthly Champion
When you buy period products, throw in an extra pack. NOTE: Pads are requested far more often than tampons. Donate those extra products at one of our 100+ drop-off locations across the region. Or order extra supplies off our Amazon Wishlist and they will come directly to us. That’s it!
3. Period Products Bundler
Help bundle period products! GDCDB receives loose period products that we need to bundle together in order to be able to distribute to our partners. You can pick up loose period products from our warehouse and all the supplies you’ll need, and get bundling! This is a great activity for a girls’ weekend, Girl Scout Troop, or school service project! Read our how-to guide to get started.
4. Host a Drive for The Monthly
Collecting donations on a larger scale is a great way to spread the word about the need for period products. You can make your drive your own – host it at your office, school, gym; make it a competition to see how many products people can donate; tack your drive onto another event like a party or awareness week. We encourage creativity! Once you decide you want to host a drive, we can help you get off on the right foot with a toolkit and answer any questions – sign up below!
Why Period Products?
That time of the month. Menstruation. Period. Shark Week. Aunt Flo…
Whatever you call it, it’s a natural part of life for half the world’s population. Many of us take the tampons and pads we use during our periods for granted. If we happen to be out and about without a tampon or pad when we get our period, we run to the nearest store to buy our favorite brand. But these products are expensive, and many can’t afford to buy what they need, or any at all. Greater DC Diaper Bank addresses this issue by collecting donated tampons and pads, working with more than seventy-five nonprofit organizations in the area to get these products to the people who need them.
The Monthly is a project of Greater DC Diaper Bank that addresses this need.
We see these means of support, such as providing a family with diapers or period products, as part of the larger puzzle. Families tell us that when financial stress is relieved from one area, they are able to redirect those resources towards food, transportation, rent, and other essentials, which helps alleviate the pressure of poverty and increases quality of life.
Why Period Products?
Menstruation is costly. Not only are tampons and pads roughly $7 per box, but in many states, they are also taxed as luxury items. Several recent articles have estimated the “cost of being a woman” at thousands of dollars over a lifetime. Thanks to advocacy work, there is a growing movement to remove sales and luxury taxes from period products, and both Maryland and DC removed theirs within the last seven years. Virginia has a reduced tax on period products and has introduced legislation to end taxes on period products completely. Using your voice works!
By contributing to the Monthly – through donations, discussions, and community engagement – you can make the DC metro area a better place for all. You’ll help relieve some of the worry, shame, and fear during that time of the month and raise awareness in our community about the social, economic, and health barriers faced by those living in poverty in our area.
- We’re shocked they are still taxed this way in so many states! Take a look at our testimony to the DC Council to remove sales tax on diapers, period products, and adult diapers. You can take a look at the Virginia bill introduced in 2020, which passed in the Senate but not the House, here.
- Menstrual hygiene products are rarely donated to shelters and food banks. They are often forgotten and overlooked as being an essential, basic material need for people who have periods. Check out our testimony in support of the Menstrual Equity for All Act of 2019 introduced by Representative Grace Meng (D-NY) on March 26, 2019.
- On top of it all, when products are available at these locations, many may be either unaware of their availability or too embarrassed to ask for them, adding another barrier.
- Just like diapers, tampons and pads are not covered by any assistance programs.
- Without access to tampons and pads, some are forced to use make-shift alternatives and are at increased risk for health complications.
The Monthly Project
Be a voice for menstruators in your community by signing up to be part of The Monthly today! To learn more or to sign up, email email@example.com.
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“Half the world’s population deals with menstruation for years of their life; we believe that everyone deserves to be clean, comfortable, and confident every day of every month.”
MARIKA KLEIN – MONTHLY PROGRAM ASSOCIATE | <urn:uuid:66f0b14f-8749-4d5d-be13-04466cc7f17a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greaterdcdiaperbank.org/the-monthly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948225 | 1,265 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Withernsea is a traditional seaside town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, 20 miles east of the city of Hull. The town grew following the opening of the railway line in 1854, which linked the town to Hull. As a coastal town with an award winning beach it is influenced by the tourist industry, reflected by its promenade, amusement arcades and static caravan sites. Recently the town has seen its main High Street have a face lift with new paving and street furniture and a new fishing boat compound and slipway have been built accompanied by its first sculpture on the promenade.
Withernsea Regeneration Partnership‘s Seafront Improvement Plan sets out a vision and a range of proposed interventions for the mile long Promenade with the aim of strengthening the town’s visitor economy. The main interventions include Pavement Fountains, night time illuminations, raised seating and pop up kiosks, all seeking to enhance the attractiveness and accessibility of the seafront and promenade and create a sense of place. The Coastal Community Team in Withernsea is working hard to boost the identity and create a promenade that places Withernsea firmly on the map and achieves its vision of a bustling and vibrant coastal town.
Contact: Helen McGill Tel: 01482 391645 email@example.com | <urn:uuid:270c0c93-fbac-45f8-9617-9518b8f7f67e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coastalcommunities.co.uk/coastal-teams/withernsea | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924459 | 283 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Feeling stressed out lately? The holidays got you down? You might want to think about adding some vitamins and improving your diet. Some of you reading this might be thinking “I can just take a pill for my problems.” I hear a lot of my patients think that taking medication long term is completely safe.
Well guess again.
Side effects of anti depressants may include: abnormal dreams, impaired vision, anxiety, chest pain, chills, confusion, diarrhea, diminished sex drive, dizziness, dry mouth, gas, headache, hives, impotence, insomnia, itching, loss of appetite, nausea, nervousness, rash, seizures, fatigue, sore throat, sweating, vomiting, & muscle weakness
Simple ways to help cope
Chromium (broccoli, grapes, oranges, grains) Lessens depression, particularly in people who are also craving sugar. Chromium is a blood sugar stabilizer for all you sugar addicts out there. Take 300 mcg of chromium per day.
Folic acid (brown, red & wild rice, beans, oranges, dark greens) and B12 (sea vegetables, Brewer’s yeast, miso, fortified foods, salmon, eggs, milk) People with B deficiencies are more likely to have severe depression. Take 800 mcg of folic acid and 1 mg of B12 per day.
Magnesium (wheat and oat bran, brown rice, nuts, molasses) Supports brain function and helpful for mood disorders, including PMS and bipolar disorder. Take 300 mg of magnesium per day.
Omega-3 fatty acids (walnuts, flaxseed oil, hemp seeds, borage oil, primrose oil, oily fish,) Build healthy brain cell membranes and help facilitate neuron-to-neuron communication. Take a supplement that includes a total of 650 mg EPA and DHA daily.
Zinc (beans, nuts, oatmeal) Helps metabolize omega-3 fatty acids in the brain. Low zinc levels are often found in those suffering from postpartum depression. Take 25 mg zinc per day.
So, if you’re having a hard time, please use the above information to at least get started. I hope this information helps lift your spirits!
Live natural. Live well. | <urn:uuid:cfc8a403-a481-4c94-975a-e16f1f297351> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.livenaturallivewell.com/blog/?p=27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.894092 | 475 | 1.804688 | 2 |
A few years ago, Empire Today decided that it was about time that the world had access to high-performance carpets that dealt with all the niggles of carpets of old, without adding substantially to cost. In essence, the company wanted to create a hypoallergenic product that didn’t trap dust, pet dander, or moisture and could be cleaned easily and quickly with a regular vacuum.
It was a tough ask. For years, people have been forced to clean their carpets with expensive for-hire carpet cleaners, and many have gotten used to the expense. What’s more, the problem of trapped dirt has been so historically intractable that the vast majority of people have gotten used to adjusting their behavior to accommodate their carpets. They take off their shoes outside, refrain from carrying food into carpeted areas, and put limits on what can be done in carpeted rooms.
The Home Fresh carpet is a product that seeks to solve all those issues and add a few perks of its own. Empire Today is marketing the Home Fresh as the first hypoallergenic carpet on the market. The firm claims that it does not collect dust, bugs, and pet residues in the way that a standard carpet does, and that you can remove any debris that does accumulate with a vacuum – no expensive steam cleaners or solutions required.
Empire Today isn’t just making bold claims: the company spent considerable time in the lab developing the innovations that would make the breakthrough product possible. The first thing that they decided to do was give the carpet a well-ventilated base layer. The ventilation, the company claims, helps to assist the currents generated by vacuums as they glide across the floor. The padding helps to make it easier to collect particles from the interior of the carpet by allowing air to flow from beneath.
The next innovation is the use of recycled plastic in the construction of carpet fibers. Empire Today says that the use of plastic helps to prevent water from being absorbed into the carpet fibers, preventing the building up of mold and other organics that could produce allergies. The final and most important innovation is the infusion of the plastic fibers with minerals which help to inhibit the buildup of odor-causing compounds on their surface. The company claims that Home Fresh is the first carpet in the world that can resist odors from cooking, smoking, and pets.
Before we jump into questions of efficacy, it’s worth pointing out that the Home Fresh Carpet already has advantages over many traditional equivalents. The fact that both the base and the carpet fibers are made from recycled plastic bottles will appeal to people who want to renovate their homes with minimal environmental impact. And that it is specifically designed with pets in mind finally gives pet owners an opportunity to own a carpet that doesn’t require weekly maintenance.
The question for people isn’t so much whether they want to buy it (most people will) but if it works as advertised. Early evidence suggests that homeowners have experienced significant benefits by installing Home Fresh Carpets. Unlike traditional carpets, Empire Today’s offering appears to offer genuine odor eliminations. There’s simply no need to spray the Home Fresh with expensive and potentially dangerous odor-neutralizing sprays because the carpet contains its own odor-neutralizing mechanisms. The plastic fibers appear to resist odor infiltration just like plastic packaging does in the grocery store. The Home Fresh appears to withstand even the most volatile compounds, such as those contained in cooked meat and cigarette smoke.
What about allergy performance? It’s worth bearing in mind that the Home Fresh carpet cannot do anything to prevent allergies by itself. However, it does negate the need to hire or buy expensive steam cleaners because regular vacuuming can pull almost all of the allergenic particles out of the carpet in a single sweep. The fibers act like tiny rods, rather than traditional threads, and don’t provide an adhesive surface or layers in which particles can become ingrained. Pet owners, in particular, will enjoy this. The superior vacuuming performance helps to remove things like cat hair particles which can be released every time that a person steps on the carpet, causing a reaction. It’s great for both people who live with animals and their guests.
You might think that a carpet with these technologies would be expensive, but the price is surprisingly low, thanks to the materials used in its constriction. Recycled bottles aren’t exactly a precious commodity.
The look at feel is slightly different from that of a regular carpet, but it doesn’t feel like an AstroTurf pitch. You still feel like you’re walking on a bonafide carpet, even if it feels a little cold underfoot.
Empire Today supplies the Home Fresh carpet in ten different colors, which they claim will match any interior decor. That might be pushing it a little in our view. Yes, there is a range of colors, but for some people who are discerning about their interiors, the exact color match may not be available.
One can imagine Empire Today’s new product leading to a proliferation of carpeted bedrooms and kitchens. Although the idea seems strange from today’s perspective, that’s because we’re so used to treating our carpets in a certain way. Empire Today’s water and spill-repellent technology make carpeted kitchens and bathrooms a practical and real possibility. It’s merely a matter of personal style and taste whether they become a thing or not.
So, in conclusion, what do we think about the Home Fresh carpet? The technology behind the carpet is undoubtedly sound. Empire Today’s offering repels odors and debris as advertised. However, there are practical considerations that may be deal-breakers for some, such as the lack of color choice and the feel underfoot. On the plus side, though, this is a carpet that will maintain your eco-credentials, if that’s something that is important to you. And you can finally deal with pet allergy issues without having to get rid of your carpets entirely.
Looking for carpet installation prices? Find the best prices on carpet and installation with Carpet Nurse. | <urn:uuid:c7338772-1da7-41a1-9c49-3dd7dacdcf89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carpetnurse.com/home-fresh-carpet-review/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962155 | 1,277 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Fiery Cross in Moray and Ross, 1679.
A curious event at the time of Bothwell Brig concerned the sworn appearance of the ancient call to arms – the Fiery Cross, or Crann Taire. This was a traditional demand by a clan chieftain for all his supporters to gather in full armour and accoutrements to defend the clans` rights, lands and property. It was more than a summons, as failure to obey was the highest dishonour for a family and meant rejection and perpetual disgrace. The cross itself has been described as ” a fiery stick, kindled at both ends, and set upon a pole, and carried in a man`s hands” and, ” one of the ends of the horizontal piece was either burnt or burning, and a piece of linen or white cloth stained with blood was suspended from the other end; and then the signal was passed from hand to hand, till it had passed through the whole territories of the clan.” The last official time the signal was used by the government seems to have been on 9 June 1685 when sent through Fife and Kinross to raise the people against the Earl of Argyll`s rebellion. It was used by Highland chiefs during the 1715 and 1745 Jacobite rebellions.
Following Drumclog, three weeks before the battle at Bothwell Brig, a general muster of troops had been ordered by the government to deal with the rebellion. As such, many men in the North would have had a liability to serve against the Covenanters, even though some who mustered at Stirling harboured sympathy for them. It then seems that the government suspected that support was not being given as well it might be. Their suspicion was kindled by a story that the Fiery Cross had traversed the district from the region of Nairn to Elgin, and also from Strathspey , Rothes, Knockando, Birnie and Urquhart. The story was that the MacDonalds were gathering to descend on the rich low lying lands of the sea shore and thus the men of Moray were duty bound to defend their lands and cattle from the raiders, rather than join the muster. In the event no MacDonalds appeared , either daunted by the energetic steps taken to resist or, the local gentry had been misinformed of the intentions. The suspicion was that someone, a supporter of the Covenanters, had deliberately misinformed thus frustrating the muster.
The privy Council ordered an inquiry into the matter. Many people were examined under oath and a mass of evidence collected, but nothing was found to positively tie in Covenanter supporters. The nearest to welcoming the incident was the Laird of Grant, son in law of Brodie of Lethen, who discouraged his friends ( and father in law) from joining the government`s muster. Brodie had spoken to several other gentlemen friends at a funeral they all attended at Auldearn, the result of which was the Fiery Cross.
In some ways the incident was a clever ploi to help the Covenanters against the government; but as an isolated incident it merely fed the government`s paranoia and offered the opportunity to seek out cause for further fines to be imposed on Covenanter sympathisers. The Brodie family had already suffered considerable penalties which James Brodie had sarcastically called a `Voluntary Cess`, and George Pringle of Torwoodlee, a noted Covenanter, was the son in law of Lethen. The Laird of Grant had been fined 42,500 pounds Scots; James Brodie of Brodie fined 24,000 pounds Scots; Brodie of Lethen 40,000 pounds Scots; Brodie of Milton 10,000 pounds Scots and several others fined smaller sums and or banished. Their crimes were the usual “withdrawing from ordinances” “hearing outed ministers”; keeping unlicensed chaplains”; “holding house conventicles”; “entertaining vagrant preachers”. In some instances the lairds were “fined and amerciated” for “the delinquencies, disorders and irregularities” of their wives. Since the sums involved would have ruined them , the gentlemen, led by the Laird of Grant had petitioned the Privy Council to no avail ( the fines were too good an opportunity to be missed by the avaricious and grasping members of the Council). The Laird of Grant sought a review as one of the charges was keeping an unlicensed chaplian. But, he explained, Mr Alexander Fraser was a tenant of his paying rent for a farm, and a minister approved by Bishop Murdoch McKenzie for appointment to the living at the Kirk of Daviot. It did no good. Brodie of Brodie went to London to seek reduction of his fine but only succeeded in giving bond for 22,000 merks to a Colonel Maxwell ( a Papist) to whom the sum was paid. The fine was gifted to the Popish College at Douay in France, and a large portion was paid to the newly converted papist the Earl of Perth. | <urn:uuid:2c7eed26-5e66-4c28-bb14-97f2754b80c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thereformation.info/fierycross/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983 | 1,066 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Literature and Bowling
Literature and bowling have a fun connection: One of our most popular exhibits for library display is a Rip Van Winkle themed case. Rip Van Winkle was the first book in American literature to reference bowling. This exhibit includes nine pins and balls from the 18th century, along with illustrations and Rip Van Winkle books to showcase the bowling and literature link.
Bowling has a long and rich history, and today it is one of the most popular sports in the world. The sport can be traced back to Egypt in 3200 BC and in Europe the sport began in 300 AD, played by kings and peasants alike. Bowling brings people from all over the globe together today, and through many variations the sport has found common threads to accommodate players. This exhibit includes international pins, balls, artwork, objects, and literature to highlight international bowling history.
Texas has a deep connection to Germany as highlighted in our multiple Oktoberfest’s in DFW area. German immigrants brought nine-pin bowling to Texas in the 1800s, and this version is still played today in the Fredericksburg and New Braunfels areas. This exhibit includes steins, pins, balls, artwork, and literature.
Peanuts and Bowling
Charles Schulz’s cartoon Peanuts has been a beloved part of American culture for nearly 70 years. In the same way that people can connect to the observations included in Peanuts, they can relate to the sport of bowling. As the number one participatory sport in the world bowling is introduced to children at a young age whether as a family-outing, a birthday party, or even by joining a league. As a league bowler himself in the 1960s, Schulz channeled his experiences into his cartoons. This exhibit includes comic strips and other Peanuts bowling-themed objects. | <urn:uuid:d551c1e8-f30b-4db3-9733-09e1541a5fe0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bowlingmuseum.com/Visit/Education/Library-Exhibits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.965863 | 379 | 3.1875 | 3 |
What are the most common challenges faced by Entrepreneurs?
Introduction: What Does It Mean To Be An Entrepreneur?
An entrepreneur is someone who starts an enterprise or invests in a new business. Becoming an entrepreneur can be challenging, but it offers many rewards to those who have perseverance and can face the challenges of entrepreneurship. What are the challenges faced by female entrepreneurs any different from males? The challenges female entrepreneurs face can be more than men in different cultures around the world. Startup challenges are immense but the founders have to find a way out of the problems and gain success. For many, the idea of entrepreneurship may seem out of the picture. However, there are many who have started a business and have been able to gain success at it.
It seems to be a common misconception that people who have been unsuccessful have no right to talk about entrepreneurship because they haven’t managed to make it big. But on the contrary, their opinion can be helpful in pointing out the red flags, things that you should avoid, and the problems facing entrepreneurs.
However, there are many people who have managed to start a business and have been able to gain success. From these people, we can learn about what mistakes they made, what an average entrepreneur's challenges are, and what led them towards success.
People often think that entrepreneurs are born with all of the skills that are required to create a new venture but that’s not always the case. The skills are acquired through the problems faced by entrepreneurs when starting a business.
Becoming an entrepreneur doesn’t always require a huge amount of money or knowledge about how to manage finances or marketing strategies. In fact, entrepreneurs often turn out to be quite resilient because they have had so much practice overcoming obstacles and challenges faced by entrepreneurs as they work on their new ventures.
Entrepreneurship can be a difficult career choice, especially considering the challenges female entrepreneurs face and the challenges of social entrepreneurs. But, they often turn out to be quite resilient because they have had so much practice overcoming obstacles and challenges as they work on their new venture.
Top 10 Challenges of being an entrepreneur.
1. Startup Costs
Startup costs are a major challenge faced by Entrepreneurs. The initial investment can be obtained through multiple sources such as VCs, loans, friends & family, but it's most important to know how much money you exactly need and for what purpose? This is a major problem faced by entrepreneurs as they go out to ask for funds from the bank or the public. Before asking for a fund, sit back and calculate the exact amount of funds required and allocate them according to priority.
The allocation of funds depends on the type of business you are willing to start. Is it a marketing and sales intensive business or is the focus majorly on delivering quality services? The core operations of your business need to be given first priority. Post that, comes an important aspect, ie. Sales and Marketing. For any business, sales or marketing is often the second most important aspect. As an entrepreneur, you need to provide a sufficient amount of funds to advertise your product or service.
It’s advisable to start your business without a significant debt burden or VC funding and test the market with your own funds. This also allows you the freedom to try out new ideas and a space for trial and error. Once you are fully operational, go for loans or a funding round to scale up the enterprise.
2. Limited Time
Time is one of the major challenges entrepreneurs face when starting a business. You have a limited time in order to try, test the market and show success. If the market supports your idea, a startup can become an instant success and start churning out the returns within no time. Usually, it takes anywhere between 1 to 3 years for a business to blossom into a success.
But can you work on the idea for such a long time and survive without any capital? After all, everyone has bills to pay and family to take care of. How much time will you have to wait to earn a profit from your company? According to experts, it can take up to a thousand days for a company to start working at its full potential. This is one of the major challenges faced by entrepreneurs. How can someone work for almost three years without wages and profit? How will he survive?
The answer is simple. You need to have a backup, a steady income from your partner’s salary, rental income, or some extra cash that can support you during this growth time. It's not always true that a business earns zero profit post three years from its induction, but it's important to be ready for all possibilities and prepare yourself for them.
3. Lack Of Technical Expertise
One of the major problems facing entrepreneurs is a lack of technical expertise in the niche you are operating in. If you do not have the technical expertise and depend completely on your managers or employees for support, It can pose a major challenge for entrepreneurs. This can be an acceptable scenario in a multinational but not in a startup. What if the employee or partner having the technical skill leaves you mid-way? That can be disastrous for your business.
If you lack the technical expertise, spend time learning and researching about the industry. Know the basic technicalities and jargon. “Jargons” are the terms typically used in the industry and learning one jargon a day can help you understand a lot about the space you operate in.
4. Lack Of Funding
Lack of funding is one of the major problems of entrepreneurship. But how can you get over it and what sources of funding can you explore? There are multiple sources of funding for startups that include- Loans, VCs, and borrowing money from friends and family.
Most often this challenge comes up in the initial stages of entrepreneurship when you are just burning money and resources to set up the infrastructure, hire employees and market your business.
Do not indulge yourself excessively in the various entrepreneurs' challenges and focus on growing your business to the next level and start making profits. If the business idea is good, profits will begin to pitch in providing a cushion for future operations.
5. Growing Pains
It's important to identify the pain areas in the startup and resolve them before they start to increase the problems of an entrepreneur. Identify and consult with the experts or your mentors for possible solutions.
Having experts as mentors helps you in mitigating a lot of pain areas and identifying any symptoms at an early stage. Mentors are experienced, have already undergone different challenges faced by entrepreneurs, and have made the mistakes that entrepreneurs are likely to repeat.
6. Lack of Resources
One of the major challenges faced by entrepreneurs is the lack of resources. It can be monetary, infrastructure, or more. You should be ready to face these challenges and find viable solutions to these issues. Most of the problems of entrepreneurs are because of the capital, as “n” no resources can be purchased if you have the right amount of capital with you.
Another important resource is Human Resources, which is of utmost importance to operate an organization successfully. Henry Ford once said,” You can take away all of my infrastructure, money, and assets, but just give me my manpower and I'll build all of that once again”. Manpower is one asset that can accelerate or decelerate the growth of the entire organization. Creating systems is important but having the skill set to handle those systems is more important to run a successful business.
7. Lack Of Experience
Lack of experience is one of the more important challenges faced by entrepreneurs. If you are a first-time entrepreneur, you are not likely to be experienced in the business. What you have are the skills that you have acquired in your previous employment. But does that have any value in your entrepreneurial venture?
Having a skillset in an established or a semi-established firm can not compensate for the entrepreneurial experience. It's a different ball game altogether. As a first-time entrepreneur, you have to handle HR, Finances, Sales, Marketing, along with salary disbursals all at once. You are a multitasker and must keep an eye on the broader vision of the business along with handling the nitty-gritty of it. How can you compensate for the lack of experience as a first-time entrepreneur?
The answer is you can’t. The only way is to have an experienced partner, read a lot of books and information, and have a mentor who can teach you the required entrepreneurial skills to lead from the front.
8. Lack Of Motivation
“Lack of Motivation” is one of the main challenges faced by entrepreneurs. But how do you get demotivated? Demotivation comes and settles in with time. You do not expect to make a huge sum of money as soon as you start your business. It takes time to settle and become an established enterprise. This time, without money and taking in all the hard work, leads to demotivation among the partners and can even seep into the employees.
How to overcome the lack of motivation as an entrepreneur? It can only be settled via passion and strong willpower, the ability to look beyond what meets the eye. As an entrepreneur, you have to think long-term.
The human mind by default is designed to look at the short-term results and consequences that are necessary for survival. But a true entrepreneurial mind looks at the long-term projection and holds strong to last through the difficult time.
9. Lack Of Direction
Planning and having the right direction is important for your business to be successful. Many entrepreneurs get too caught up in the business that the final goal is forgotten. First, it's important to have a goal in your mind along with a route map. There need to be short-term goals that ultimately lead to the accomplishment of long-term visions.
10. Lack of a Goal and Vision
Are you working day and night in your business? But What exactly do you wish to achieve? It is important and imperative as an entrepreneur that you set your goals right. Not having a goal is like running a marathon without a finish line.
Entrepreneurship can be a challenging and stressful journey for many people. However, finalizing your goals and working towards them will help you to stay motivated and continue on your journey to success. If you do not have fixed goals, it is difficult to understand the intermediary steps in the journey and the efforts that will lead you to it.
How To Overcome The Challenges Faced by Entrepreneurs?
"To be successful as an entrepreneur, you need to have a level of confidence. You have to believe that you are worthy of being successful."
Confidence is one of the most important qualities needed for entrepreneurs. They always have to be confident in themselves and their ideas.
Another important factor that helps overcome entrepreneur challenges is Self-care. It is really important for entrepreneurs because if they don't take care of themselves, and work towards improving their skills, it's difficult to succeed. "It is important to take care of yourself because you are what fuels your business."
The problems faced by entrepreneurs are not something that can be solved overnight. There are many attributes that an entrepreneur should pay attention to, but the most important are passion, team-building, and focus.
Passion for the business plays an important role in overcoming the multitude of challenges faced by entrepreneurs. If you're not passionate about your business, you won’t be successful. It's a marathon and to sustain throughout your journey of 5-10 years, having a passion for the work is most important. It will help you be motivated and overcome all hurdles with a smile on your face.
Identifying a passion is the first step towards entrepreneurship. But how do I know I am Passionate about something? It's quite simple really! Think about the business you're currently involved in, and then imagine yourself doing it for the rest of your life. Do you feel nostalgic or happy? That, “Right Away” gives the answer to your question. There is also a more tested way that the Japanese use to find their “Passion” or “ikigai”.
It’s a union of 4 elements ie. passion, vocation, professionalism, and mission. An ideal combination of “what you love”, “What you can be paid for”, “What you can be good at, and “What the world needs”. It tells us to choose a profession that is an ideal intersection of all these elements. If entrepreneurship is your “ikigai” passion is one of the most important elements of it.
2. Team Building
Having an ideal team can overcome most if not all of the problems of an entrepreneur. Managing and building a team is the most challenging and yet the most fulfilling part of your journey.
Do not be in a hurry to hire professionals at face value, rather try and test them with intricate interviewing skills and the best of your judgment. Smart and efficient employees can provide you with a lot in profits whereas a bad employee can cause a dent in your profits and demotivate the team. After all, a company is the sum total of the human capital it employs.
There are certain things that you must bear in mind when choosing the employees for your ideal team.
Have a probation period for the new employee. It's one thing to trust your judgment but, when you are hiring an employee, only his performance with time will ensure where he stands in terms of the skillset, hard work, and dedication towards his work.
Don’t trust the experienced personnel, at face value. Non-performance is a major reason for the attrition of employees from one organization to the other. Try to check for references and make sure you are hiring someone who is at the top of his profession. Even freshers with the right skill set and training can outsmart any experienced employee.
Provide your Team with regular training and development programs. This helps to improve their skills and communication.
Focus can be defined as the center of attention or a point of direct concentration. As an entrepreneur, it's important to keep your head steady and not be distracted by the challenges and hurdles. But how to be focused between the numerous distractions and challenges?
The idea is simple. Have a meeting at the end of the day or week with your partners and discuss the direction and goals that you have achieved.
Are you going in the right direction? Are you achieving your goals? If not, what more can you do to achieve them, the changes you can make to your systems and workplace practices. This activity shall allow you to achieve focus and determination as a successful entrepreneur. To be fixed on the target like an archer, unwavered by any hindrance.
Entrepreneurs are the backbone of a nation. They take risks and challenges that no one else will and bring innovation and creativity into the system that helps improve lives.
Today there are multiple challenges faced by entrepreneurs from lack of access to cheap capital on one hand and on the other hand, they are fighting macroeconomic challenges. The dual threat has made it difficult for businesses to survive. But the risk to reward for a startup is worth every pain and hurdle you face during your entrepreneurial journey. The challenges of social entrepreneurship are no different from other entrepreneurs, all you need is focus and determination to succeed. If you follow a dedicated path with passion, the right strategy, and focus; no power in the world can stop you from being a success. | <urn:uuid:4673fb35-5f32-49d0-ba39-420ec2965487> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://helptap.com/academy/what-are-the-most-common-challenges-faced-by-entrepreneurs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961272 | 3,206 | 2.171875 | 2 |
PENNSYLVANIA, USA — When it comes to listening, we could all use a little practice.
This is why Life Coach Liz Reihm joined FOX43 on April 21 to discuss how to better reflect on your conversations with others.
While on the show, Reihm spoke about the idea of "reflective listening," which involves paying close attention to the content and feeling expressed in another persons' communication, she says.
The second part of reflective listening, according to Reihm, is after you've heard and listened to what the other person has to say, is letting them know that you understand what they're saying.
When we practice reflective listening, we become better listeners, and thus, sustain more meaningful connections with others, Reihm says.
To view the whole interview, check out the clip above.
If you'd like to ask Reihm a question, you can email her at firstname.lastname@example.org or visit her Facebook page here. | <urn:uuid:8752bec3-fe0e-4f27-9253-7ad21ddbdd42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fox43.com/article/life/learn-how-to-practice-reflective-listening-coaching-you-life/521-7879ef93-e883-4eb2-909f-8ee88c449907 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942954 | 208 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Barrier properties are the packaging's ability to resistance the ingress of moisture, air, light and micro-organisms etc. These properties come from the inherent properties of the individual films that are used in the constructed laminate, and the measurement of these properties gives an indication of the amount of protection that is given.
Flexible films have large variations in their barrier properties in contrast to other singular materials such as cans and glass jars. The processor does not have to specify the degree of protection required when ordering cans or bottles because they are all a complete barrier. However because of the wide variations in film barrier properties, due to differences in types of films or even differences in the thickness of the same film, it is necessary for the food processor to understand the approximate amount and type of protection required for a given product or susceptible ingredient. For example, generally nuts require a good oxygen barrier. A PVdC coated PET or PP laminated to Polyethylene may do. Generally if there is a barrier requirement but the degree of barrier is unknown the simplest choice is a laminate with aluminium foil being a full barrier.
Alternatively, if there is only a limited range of films available it is more difficult for the processor to know whether they are suitable for the intended use. In these cases the producer should ask the film supplier whether the intended use will be suitable for the available film.
The barrier properties of films and other packaging materials are described by two main factors: the Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR) and the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR). These are a measure of how much water vapour or oxygen is able to pass through a known area of packaging material in a given time (by convention this is usually the amount passing through one square metre of material in 24 hours) at a set ambient temperature and set humidity. The units of WVTR and OTR are therefore: g or ml/m2/24 h.
The higher the value of WVTR or OTR the more permeable the material is to moisture or air (or to put it another way, the lower the value the better the barrier to moisture or air). Because the permeability of most materials varies with the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air it is usual to measure WVTR and OTR under known air conditions (e.g. 25℃ and 65% relative humidity).
It is important for a food processor to know the conditions under which the food is likely to be stored and then get data on the barrier properties of the proposed packaging, which have been measured under similar conditions (available from the packaging supplier). This will enable the processor to assess the likely shelf-life of the food under these conditions | <urn:uuid:b3ac5025-3486-486b-b9d0-b1ef89dd8ba8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thriving.com.au/blog/flexible-packaging-barrier-properties.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924731 | 550 | 3.21875 | 3 |
PBS News reports on Vice President Kamala Harris' meeting with religious leaders to exchange ideas on encouraging Americans to receive their coronavirus vaccinations, combating hate crimes and other issues.
KAMALA HARRIS: I want to talk with you about your thoughts about how we can, and you, in particular, as our faith based leaders, can help us to make sure that everyone when it is their turn gets a vaccine. And that is one of the first areas that I'd like to discuss with you. But also, on my mind today are what we need to do, and collectively, what we can do informed by you around what we're seeing around hate crime in America, what we are seeing around people turning on each other.
To the extent that you have thoughts and experience about what we can do to address some of the root causes that cause people to flee their home. Because as we all know, most people like being at home. They like being where they grew up. They like being in a place where they understand the culture.
It is part of their culture. They speak the language. So we have to ask, why do people leave then? And usually, they leave, because there is a lack of opportunity. Or it is just not safe. And then I would like to also share with you the concerns that, I think, many of us have about ensuring the right to vote, and what we can do to talk with folks and remind them of that vote being an expression of their being.
Harris also sought an exchange of views on combating hate crimes.
Early Wednesday, a parolee convicted of killing his mother nearly two decades ago was arrested on assault and hate crime charges in an attack on an Asian American woman in New York City.
The attack is among the latest in a national spike in anti-Asian hate crimes.
“What we are seeing around people turning on each other, treating their fellow human being as the other,” Harris said.
“And what we have the ability to do to see this moment of crisis in that regard as also an opportunity for coalition building,” she said. | <urn:uuid:15f90a9d-edae-49d2-839e-4f108f305f56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theimfc.org/post/vp-harris-meets-with-faith-leaders | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.985585 | 439 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Due to teenage activist Greta Thunberg’s thunderous—and divisive—speech to the United Nations last week, climate change is getting another moment in the sun. It may be tempting to brush off her comments as youthful hyperbole, but Thunberg’s speech does not stand alone. She’s the most prominent figure in a worldwide movement of young people who are gravely concerned about the environment, to the point of skipping school to attend protests and vowing never to have children.
And the movement is not confined to secular discourse: it coincides with escalating rhetoric from the Vatican about environmentalism. This issue is quickly becoming central to contemporary Catholicism, just as economic justice rose to the fore in the late 19th century. This is not merely a passing phase either. The language the Church uses to discuss environmentalism today will have profound ramifications for how we think about God, humanity, creation, and salvation itself.
Pope Francis’s 2015 encyclical Laudato Si was acclaimed as being for environmental justice what Pope Leo XIII’s landmark work Rerum Novarum was for economic justice in 1891. But the comparison is more aspirational than accurate. Though Pope Francis’s criticism of technocratic corporations and his concern for proper stewardship of natural resources is well-expressed, his encyclical lacks the incisive doctrinal clarity of Rerum Novarum. Pope Leo XIII, after his criticisms of socialism and unjust applications of capitalism, laid out an entire philosophy of economic justice based on Catholic tradition. He focused particularly on how the doctrine of subsidiarity can give us a framework for economic justice and showed clearly how this philosophy can be put into practice.
But Laudato Si, unlike Rerum Novarum, falls into the trap of adopting secular language to describe what is essentially a spiritual problem. It’s rife with the doomsday language that dominates secular environmentalism. Doomsday language does not lend itself to well-rounded philosophical frameworks or to judicious, practical applications. Instead, it promotes panic, and panic leads to moral compromise.
When people panic, they feel justified in ignoring facts. That is, unfortunately, the defining characteristic of the environmental movement. An example on the secular side is this summer’s media explosion over the allegedly disastrous number of fires burning in the Amazon rainforest. Thunberg herself spoke about the fires, saying there were a “record amount”. French president Emmanuel Macron tweeted that the fires were an “international crisis” and included a photo of a fiery inferno consuming the rainforest. Other environmental activists have linked these allegedly high levels to man-made climate change and blamed the fires on developed regions like Europe and the United States.
Eventually it became clear that environmental activists had ignored some facts about the situation. Macron’s photo, which swept the internet, was not of the 2019 fires: it was a picture from 2003. NASA itself reported that the number of fires this year in the Amazon is at or below average for the past 15 years. The fires are well below the record year of 2005, which saw more than twice as many fires. In any event, most of them are routine agricultural burns to make the land arable, a practice that permits farmers in developing countries to grow food for their communities.
Sure, there are many fires in the Amazon basin—perhaps too many. But that conversation cannot begin with hyperbole and falsehoods.
The unjustified moral panic over the Amazon fires is not unique. The last five decades are full of climate doomsday predictions that have been proven false. Some—like the 1970 proclamation that, by 2000, the world would be gripped in a new Ice Age—are exactly the opposite of current climate panics.
Of course, this information should not be used to say that we have no responsibility for the environment. Modern industry has introduced new environmental challenges that, as stewards of Creation, we have a responsibility to address, such as the horrifying levels of pollution in the Ganges River in India and the mountains of garbage in cities like Manila. But the last fifty years have shown with certainty that simply because climate change activists say that the end of the world is coming does not mean they are right. The facts show that the environment is much more resilient than we give it credit for being, and that worldwide climate systems tend to fluctuate around an average sustainable temperature.
For climate change activists, these facts simply don’t matter. What matters is that they see an impending climate disaster—a disaster which they believe justifies distorting the truth. This is exactly the same kind of prevarication Catholics must watch out for. Because many leaders in the Church—including the Holy Father—have come to believe that there is an impending climate disaster, we shouldn’t be surprised if we see doctrinal distortions as a result.
Consider, for example, the looming moral disaster of the Amazon synod. In the wake of Laudato Si and other doomsday declarations by Pope Francis, the synod appears poised to adopt such a laudatory tone towards the environment that it threatens to veer into neo-paganism, denigrate the special role of humanity in creation, and subvert the Church’s primary function of bringing souls to salvation.
The working document of the Amazon Synod implies that moral superiority is equivalent with living in harmony with the environment. For example, the document elevates the indigenous people of Guaviare as moral arbiters because of their closeness to the environment. Unfortunately, these peoples include tribes that participate in shamanism, which is often a form of demon worship. The document says nothing about entering into an evangelical conversation with these tribes. It may have (for instance) simultaneously encouraged them to worship Jesus Christ while inviting the rest of us to learn from their love of nature. Instead, it merely scolds Western Christian cultures while unequivocally lauding neo-pagan cultures.
A Catholic exorcist once related to me a conversation he had with a demon during an exorcism, in which the demon told him that the Satanic forces will use anything—even inherently good things like work, human love, and family—to distract a soul from God. “Anything but God,” the demon said. That has sobering implications for the contemporary conversation about the environment within the Catholic Church.
Today, that conversation is so dominated by fear that it is indeed distracting us from God. By insisting on an impending environmental collapse without acknowledging that the climate regularly fluctuates, Catholic environmentalists have cut themselves off from reasonable conversations about what proper stewardship of the environment looks like.
By elevating neo-pagan tribes to the level of moral arbiters and castigating Western Catholics en masse, activists within the Church lose sight of the Church’s primary purpose, which is to affect the salvation of human souls—the bringing of souls into harmony with God—through its preaching and sacramental ministries. All other Church activities must flow from that purpose and not from any other, lest we fall into a trap set by the forces of darkness.
Photo credit: Antonello Marangi/Shutterstock.com | <urn:uuid:166ddae0-3ab0-4891-9594-54642d53fd26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.crisismagazine.com/2019/the-false-prophets-of-climate-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949455 | 1,470 | 2.578125 | 3 |
French Bulldog Trivia: These are 10 of the most fascinating doggo facts about the adorable French Bulldog 🐶
They are one of the UK’s most popular breeds of dog, but how much do you know about the popular French Bulldog?
And the extent of that soaring in demand has been shown by the latest registrations statistics from the UK Kennel Club, up nearly 40 per cent from 250,649 in 2020 to 349,013 in 2021.
But with 221 different breeds of pedigree dog to choose from, there’s plenty of thinking to do before you select your perfect pup.
There’s even academic guidance to seek out, with Psychologist Stanley Coren’s book ‘The Intelligence of Dogs’ ranking breeds by instincts, obedience, and the ability to adapt.
One dog that often appears at the top of people’s canine wishlists is the French Bulldog – they were the UK’s second most popular pet in 2020 (just being pipped to the post by the Labrador Retriever) and have a range of positive attributes that make them a great family pet.
Here are 10 fun and interesting facts about the breed. | <urn:uuid:4d0f7c75-4ede-4001-8d2d-29171460e1d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/lifestyle/family-and-parenting/french-bulldog-trivia-these-are-10-of-the-most-fascinating-doggo-facts-about-the-adorable-french-bulldog-3355977 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.943076 | 251 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Electrostatic plasma instabilities driven by neutral gas flows in the solar chromosphere
MetadataShow full item record
We investigate electrostatic plasma instabilities of Farley-Buneman (FB) type driven by quasi-stationary neutral gas flows in the solar chromosphere. The role of these instabilities in the chromosphere is clarified. We find that the destabilizing ion thermal effect is highly reduced by the Coulomb collisions and can be ignored for the chromospheric FB-type instabilities. In contrast, the destabilizing electron thermal effect is important and causes a significant reduction of the neutral drag velocity triggering the instability. The resulting threshold velocity is found as function of chromospheric height. Our results indicate that the FB-type instabilities are still less efficient in the global chromospheric heating than the Joule dissipation of the currents driving these instabilities. This conclusion does not exclude the possibility that the FB-type instabilities develop in the places where the cross-field currents overcome the threshold value and contribute to the heating locally. Typical length-scales of plasma density fluctuations produced by these instabilities are determined by the wavelengths of unstable modes, which are in the range 10-102 cm in the lower chromosphere and 102-103 cm in the upper chromosphere. These results suggest that the decimetric radio waves undergoing scattering (scintillations) by these plasma irregularities can serve as a tool for remote probing of the solar chromosphere at different heights.
CitationGogoberidze, G.; Voitenko, Y.; Poedts, S.; De Keyser, J. (2014). Electrostatic plasma instabilities driven by neutral gas flows in the solar chromosphere. , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 438, Issue 4, 3568-3576, DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt2469. | <urn:uuid:a60c651d-fcc2-46fe-8c72-47526777327e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/2830 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.849277 | 444 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The Clever Bull
An Interesting Short Story
There was a forest with many birds and animals. Once, a bull wandering in the forest came upon a cave. Near the cave was a big pond and lush green grass. “This is an ideal place for me to settle down," the bull thought. So, he made the cave his home. Many days passed. The bull became quite healthy, grazing in the meadows. The bull was happy and peaceful living in that cave. He had made many friends in that forest.
One day, the bull was resting outside his cave house. A lion happened to come by that way. The lion was happy to have spotted a bull after a long time. “Aha! A bull! He is so healthy too," thought the majestic lion, licking his lips in anticipation of a good meal. The bull too noticed the lion. He could sense danger. I must be on my guard now," the bull thought and decided to do something to hide himself from the lion.
When the lion came close to the bull, the clever bull looked into the cave and called out, “Darling, do not cook anything for dinner. I have just spotted a lion. I am waiting for it to come near." When the lion heard the bull, he returned around and ran for his life.
A jackal saw the lion running breathlessly. “Why are you running, Mr. Lion?" asked the jackal. The lion told him all that had happened. “The bull has made a fool out of you," replied the jackal. And the jackal added, “Come with me. Together we can feast on the bull." But the lion was too scared to believe the jackal.
The jackal understood why the lion was hesitating to come with him. “Alright then! Tie your tail with mine and let me lead you to the cave of the bull. In case the bull attacks, then I will be the one who will get caught first," the jackal said.
The lion agreed to this plan of action prepared by the jackal. And then the lion and the jackal tied their tails together. They set off to the bull’s cave.
Both the lion and the jackal went near the cave where the bull was. When the bull saw the lion coming with the jackal, he thought, “I am sure that cunning jackal knows I fooled the lion. Without panicking, the bull cried out to the jackal, “I had asked you to being me two lions. Do you want me to keep my children hungry?"
Even this time the lion did not realize that the bull was again fooling him. He was terrified. He ran as fast as he could run dragging the jackal with him over stones and thorns. The clever bull outwitted his enemies and saved himself from its enemies.
Both the lion and the jackal never returned that way. Thereafter the bull lived a peaceful and happy life with his wife and children. | <urn:uuid:49d3d224-c58d-4119-a7b5-ca41fe171ac8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dgtory.com/short_story1/Story_clever_bull.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.989031 | 624 | 2.0625 | 2 |
- from Ancient Hebrews
Through many hardships and victories, Judaism has survived for more than 3,000 years. Today, Jews still honor the teachings of Abraham and Moses.
These teachings, and the lessons of prophets and rabbis, evolved into a system of Jewish laws and ethics that inspire Jews to live up to a high moral standard. That means more than just going to Temple. It means being honest, just, and virtuous, as the Torah commands. This strong faith also teaches Jews to honor their history, both the good times and the bad. They honor the past through holy days, celebrations, and traditions. | <urn:uuid:d531aa43-9754-4839-a385-22a84e2915bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://online.kidsdiscover.com/unit/the-ancient-hebrews/topic/faith-and-feasts/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970949 | 127 | 3.984375 | 4 |
NEW YORK (JTA) — In 1995, Demetrio Valdez, his wife, Olive, and some of their neighbors in Conjehos County, Colo., started a kosher food co-op.
“We wanted to harvest our own meat, but we couldn’t get a good price for it, so we decided to do it kosher to make more money,” said Valdez, 64, who has raised cattle all his life.
The co-op members, all non-Jews, flew in a rabbi from New York to instruct them in kosher slaughter. To Valdez’s surprise, many of the practices introduced by the rabbi were ones that Valdez, a Catholic, had grown up with and maintained on his ranch.
“I saw that we do a lot of things the same,” he recalled. “The rabbi was surprised, too.”
Financial woes and a fire forced the co-op to close soon after it started, but Valdez’s experiences with the rabbi — the first Jew he had ever met — lingered.
Since childhood he had heard rumors that his family had Jewish ancestors dating back to colonial New Spain when, as historical records show, a good number of Converso Jews — Jews and their descendants forcibly converted during the Spanish Inquisition — came to the New World. Many of the Conversos who had made the trek over had become Catholics in name only. They were Crypto Jews who in traveling across the Atlantic were attempting to flee the Inquisition.
“My parents never spoke about it, but everyone knew there was something there,” said Valdez.
Now a new study in the Journal of Human Genetics has turned up fresh scientific evidence that the Spanish Americans of the Southwest must have had some Jewish forbears.
A group of researchers in the United States and Ecuador analyzed DNA from two communities who trace back to Spanish colonial times: one in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, which includes Conjehos County, and one in the Loja Province of southern Ecuador.
The study found “observable Sephardic ancestry” in both communities and calculated Jewish ancestry among the Lojanos at about 5 to 10 percent and among the Spanish Americans, also called Hispanos, at about 1 to 5 percent.
“This study provides firmer evidence for what people have been conjecturing for up to 20 years now,” said the study’s director, Dr. Harry Ostrer, director of genetics and genomic testing at Montefiore Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York.
Over the past several decades, scholars have been pursuing stories like Valdez’s and claim to have found remnants of Crypto-Jewish practices in communities in the U.S. Southwest and Latin America. Some Hispanos and Latin Americans also have come forward to claim a Crypto-Jewish past, with a small number embracing a Jewish identity outright.
“The ancestry is really dispersed throughout the communities,” Ostrer said of his findings, which also concluded that along the maternal line, Native American ancestry is as high as 30 to 40 percent.
“You can’t say person A has Jewish ancestry and person B does not. These genes were introduced some 500 years ago,” he said. “Originally there was a fair amount of intermarriage, and then the communities remained isolated.”
As the historical hypothesis goes, once the Inquisition arrived in the New World, Crypto Jews pushed on to the remote corners of the Spanish empire, such as New Mexico and Colorado, to escape the Church’s reach. The San Luis Valley and Loja — both located in the farthest corners of what were once Spanish holdings — would therefore be expected to have discernable Jewish ancestry.
But the groundswell of interest in a Crypto-Jewish past among those of Spanish origin, particularly in the American Southwest, also has sparked controversy. A number of scholars have vociferously disputed any present-day evidence of Judaism, arguing that practices reported as Jewish had their origins in Seventh-day Adventism or fundamental Christianity.
“It certainly wasn’t my intention to take sides in this argument,” said Ostrer.
Rather, he and his team were, in part, picking up on previous genetic and clinical studies that found something surprising: Genetic mutations viewed as predominantly Jewish for a number of diseases, like breast cancer or Bloom’s syndrome, were popping up at a notable rate among Hispanos.
A mutation for breast cancer called 185 del AG that is much more common among Ashkenazi Jews than other populations, for example, turns out to be prevalent among Hispanos as well. According to Dr. Paul Duncan, a medical oncologist in private practice in Albuquerque, N.M., only his Hispano and Ashkenazi Jewish patients carry the mutation.
Curiously, scientists calculate that 185 del AG arose approximately 2,000 years ago prior to any split between Ashkenazim and Sephardim.
In Loja, genetic traces of ancestry are even more apparent. Scattered across the remote villages of the province are nearly 100 people with Laron syndrome, which is marked by a severe short stature. When Dr. Jaime Guevara-Aguirre, a diabetes specialist based in Quito, Ecuador, who collaborated with Ostrer on his study, first began treating this group in 1987, the referring physician told him that legend had it that these people all descended from the same Sephardic Jew who had come over with the explorers.
In 1992 and 1993, scientists discovered that all Lojanos with Laron’s carried the same mutation and shared it with one person in Israel and nine others in Latin America.
“When I saw this I thought there is a strong possibility that the story was true,” said Guevara-Aguirre, because “what are the chances that in the billions of nucleotides the same mutation would happen twice at random? But Harry’s study confirms it for the first time.”
Ostrer’s study stands out from previous studies in its scope. It is the first time that any researcher has looked beyond particular disease mutations or shared individual genetic markers to view the entire genome for large chunks of DNA that indicate shared ancestry.
“Statistically it is very difficult to see it any other way” other than that “these people [in Ostrer’s study] were descendant from Conversos,” agreed Duncan.
Back in the San Luis Valley, Maria Clara Martinez, a retiree who edits the local paper, La Sierra, said she wasn’t “at all surprised” by Ostrer’s findings. A genealogist who has amassed a database of more than 77,000 individuals from New Mexico and southern Colorado extending back to 1598, Martinez explained that everyone in the area is somehow related.
Martinez helped to publicized Ostrer’s study, but did not get tested herself because, she said, “I’m afraid of needles.”
Although she said she never heard of any ancestors in her own family who were Jewish, she has heard others speak of Jewish forbears or family practices. And then there was an ancestor of hers who married a woman from Portugal whose father was tried by the Inquisition.
“Community members were jealous of him, so they reported him, saying he had a tail,” Martinez recalled. “He was cleared, but it’s very likely he was Jewish, although it was never proven.” | <urn:uuid:3cd4d7de-5298-44a9-bcd3-8e41aa03731f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://azjewishpost.com/2011/new-genetic-evidence-links-spanish-americans-of-southwest-to-jews/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976941 | 1,576 | 2.875 | 3 |
Clinically Proven to Reduce Spit-Up in Healthy Babies, While Encouraging MilestonesSpit-up is a common side effect of your baby’s developing digestive system. Sometimes a change in baby formula can make all the difference. Enfamil A.R. is the #1 selling brand of baby milk formula for spit-up and common reflux.† It is clinically proven to reduce spit up by over 50%* in one week. Enfamil AR meets acid reflux reduction guidelines, as set by the American Academy of Pediatrics. It is specially formulated with a thicker consistency and provides more balanced nutrition than simply adding rice cereal to formula. Enfamil A.R.’s infant formula flows easily through a standard nipple because it thickens in the tummy, not in the bottle. That way, babies can get—and keep—the complete nutrition they need to grow and develop, helping them reach key milestones. Triple Health Guard Blend for Complete NutritionEnfamil’s proprietary Triple Health Guard blend has DHA to help support cognitive development, prebiotics and vitamins to help support immune health, and 30 total nutrients for growth.85% of brain growth happens in your baby’s first 3 years. Enfamil A.R. is formulated with key nutrients also found in breast milk, like ARA (Arachidonic Acid), Choline, and DHA. DHA, or Docosahexaenoic Acid, is a special brain-building omega-3 fatty acid that has long term benefits for a growing child. The following effects have been found in babies fed infant formulas with DHA compared to those who weren’t: Better Attention Better verbal skills Better mental development Better executive function With prebiotics and vitamins, each bottle of Enfamil provides immune health benefits that help keep your baby healthy and happy. Prebiotics promote the growth of beneficial bacteria that occur naturally in the digestive tract, where 70% of the immune system is located. Enfamil A.R. also has 30 total nutrients to compliment their diet. Enfamil A.R. is suitable for infants 0-12 months. It has no artificial flavors, sweeteners, or colors. Made for on-the-go moms, these 2fl oz Ready to Use bottles can help make sure you’re always prepared for when your little one’s hunger pops up. Stock up with this case of 48 nursette bottles. Nursette bottles are nipple-ready for easy feeding. Nipples sold separately. Find out why Enfamil formula is the #1 brand recommended by pediatricians. Enfamil A.R. is also available as a baby milk powder. †Formula for spit-up defined as rice-thickened formula*Based on a clinical study of Enfamil A.R. infant formula before the addition of DHA, ARA and prebiotics with infants who spit up frequently (5 or more spit-ups per day), comparing frequency and volume of spit-up after feeding Enfamil A.R. to the same babies at the beginning of the study.**Among pediatricians recommending a brand Enfamil A.R. Infant Formula, Ready to Use Liquid, 2 fl oz (48 bottles) Is the #1 selling brand of infant formula for spit-up and common reflux.†** Clinically proven to reduce spit-up by over 50%.* Contains 48 Ready to Feed, Nipple Ready nursette bottles. Formulated with Enfamil’s patented Triple Health Guard blend, which has brain nourishing DHA, prebiotics for immune health, and 30 nutrients for growth. Provides gentle, complete nutrition for babies 0-12 months. Less hassle and provides more balanced nutrition than adding rice cereal to formula. Formulated with expert recommended levels of DHA and ARA to support baby’s brain and eye development. Includes Natural Defense Dual Prebiotics Blend for digestive and immune health. Meets reflux reduction guidelines, as set by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Kosher, No artificial flavors, sweeteners, or colors. | <urn:uuid:32d0bd26-1eed-4fb5-84d7-1b515a4e541f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://javariya.com/product/enfamil-a-r-baby-formula-reduces-frequent-spit-up-ready-to-use-2-oz-48-bottles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92161 | 850 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Brilliant Vs Step Cut Diamonds
When it comes to custom-designed jewelry, there are many different options to choose from. One of the most important decisions you’ll make is deciding between a brilliant-cut diamond and a step-cut diamond. Both of these primary cuts can look stunning when set in an engagement ring, but they have different characteristics and sparkle that may be more or less appealing to you. Here, we will discuss the pros and cons of each type of diamond so that you can make an informed decision about which one is right for you!
Brilliant Cut Diamond - What you need to know
Brilliant-cut diamonds are the most popular type of diamond used in jewelry, especially engagement rings. This is because they provide the most sparkle and fire of all the diamond cuts. If you’re looking for a diamond that will stand out, then the brilliant-cut is the way to go. They have come in several diamond shapes and can have 58 facets (or small faces), 57 facets when there isn’t a culet, or 74 facets in the case of the Royal Asscher Round or Oval Brilliant, that reflect light brilliantly. This gives them their characteristic “sparkle.” A brilliant-cut diamond can come in quite a few shapes (Round, Oval, Cushion, Marquise, Pear, etc.) all available in brilliant cuts.
Old European vs Modern Brilliant
There are also Old European and modern brilliant. While Old European cuts draw light and the eye, the modern brilliant cut was designed to maximize light return (brilliance) and dispersion (fire). Because of this, old European cuts have a warmer charm to them, while the modern brilliant cut gives off a high degree of fiery white light, lending it its namesake brilliance factor. The primary visual differences are the quality of light the diamond reflects and its general brilliance. If you rock or tilt an old European cut, you will notice a different pattern of light and dark in the stone than you’ll see in a contemporary round shape brilliant.
Old European - More Unique Than a Machine Cut Diamond
Old European cut stones were often hand-cut, so they bear a greater degree of uniqueness than a modern round brilliant. The shape and placement of the facets can vary greatly from stone to stone, while the technical specifications of modern diamond cutting mean a modern round brilliant stone will have less variance on this front. Old European diamond cutters also generally used large culet to create the desired light output and sparkle. According to specifications from the GIA, “trade professionals characterize old European cuts as having small table facets, heavy crowns, and overall “deep” or “steep” proportions.” GIA will designate a round diamond as an old European cut as long as three of four of the following criteria are met. The diamond has a high crown angle greater than or equal to 40 degrees, a table size less than or equal to 53% of the crystal’s diameter, a lower half facet length less than or equal to 60% of the total crystal, or a culet size that is slightly larger than average.
Modern Brilliant - A Diamond Cut Above The Past
Another thing to consider is that because a brilliant-cut diamond has more facets, it can hide flaws more easily. So, if you’re looking for a diamond with fewer imperfections, a brilliant-cut diamond may be a good choice. A modern brilliant-cut diamond generally has excellent symmetry creating the perfect shape and sparkle with their numerous facets making them excellent as either a center stone or as side stones on an engagement ring.
Modified-Brilliant Faceting Style
Oval cut, marquise-cut, and pear-shaped diamonds are some of the most common modified brilliant cuts but can also come in heart-shaped, trillion cut, and half-moon diamonds among others. These diamonds also come under many different names. For instance, a marquise modified-brilliant cut is also called a navette which is french for “tiny boat”, and pear-shaped modified-brilliant are known as “drop cuts” due to their teardrop shape. It’s important to know the different names of these stones so that you won’t be “up sold” to a different name that means the same thing. With laser diamond cutting technology changing the market almost daily, your options for modified-brilliant shapes are practically limitless. Butterflies, dolphins, stars, and even horses are just a few of the new and interesting shapes on the market today with Lab-Grown Diamonds putting the possibilities into more people’s hands. Maybe someday we’ll even be cutting portraits into diamonds. With any modified-brilliant cut diamond that has sharp points, care is needed to avoid accidental breakage and insurance on these stones is highly recommended.
Is It Really a Princess?
Some diamond sellers and jewelry retail stores are classifying princess cut diamonds as “square modified brilliants“. While it’s true that princess cuts are square-shaped and have the multi-facets sparkle of a brilliant-cut, they are technically a mixed-cut shape. “Square modified brilliant” could also mean radiant cut, certain cushion cuts, and other diamond shapes as well.
Step Cut Diamonds - Just the Facets
Step-cut diamonds, on the other hand, have a rectangular or square shape and fewer facets that are parallel lines or in other words, step cuts that create rectangular facets. It’s worth noting that this makes them appear less sparkly than brilliant-cut diamonds, but some people prefer this look. They also tend to be larger than brilliant-cut diamonds and are known for their unique symmetry and clean lines. Three categories of diamond shapes fall into this cut: The Emerald cut, the Asscher cut, and the Baguette cut. Diamonds with step cuts also tend to be less expensive in today’s market because they require less labor to cut and polish. If you are looking for a larger diamond that is elegant and understated, you will be drawn to emerald-cut diamond engagement rings.
A World of Two Cuts
No matter which style of cut you pick, a diamond’s cut has various cut grades that depend on the quality of workmanship and are directly related to the raw diamond used. The higher cut grade brilliant diamonds reflect as much light as possible and sparkle with radiance when used as a center stone or accent stones in a diamond engagement ring.
Can't Go Wrong
So, which type of diamond is right for you? It depends on your personal style. If you want a sparkling diamond that is sure to capture attention, go with a brilliant cut. But if you prefer a more understated look or want to save money, choose a step cut. Whichever type of well-cut diamond you choose, a custom-designed engagement ring from Finer Custom Jewelry will help you create something truly unique and special that you’ll treasure for years to come!
Help is here when you need it!
If you are still undecided, whenever you’re ready to start shopping for custom-designed engagement rings, come look at our selection and options at Finer Custom Jewelry. We can help you find the right diamond cut and diamond shape and walk you through the design process. That way, you can get the perfect diamond for you, no matter what type of cut or shape you desire. If you’re interested in a custom-designed engagement ring, contact Finer Custom Jewelry today. We would be happy to discuss your options and help you find the perfect piece for your needs. Contact us via our web form or give us a call at (877) 507-1557 to get started.
Thank you for reading! | <urn:uuid:6cad25d7-38b8-4d88-b800-cffef181d0a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://finercustomjewelry.com/blog/brilliant-cut-vs-step-cut-diamonds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929052 | 1,628 | 1.648438 | 2 |
BRISTOL -- — If you think years are hard on people, consider what can happen to a bear.
It is the fate of many a teddy bear, who wins the love and affection of a small child, to suffer missing eyes, a sunken nose, or even the unmentionable leaky stuffing.
But love-worn bears can often be rebuilt, as a team of volunteers showed Saturday at the 11th annual Great Teddy Bear Jamboree Show and Sale at Bristol Eastern High School in Bristol.
The event continues today, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission is $3 for adults and $1 for children.
The volunteers, all women from the Bristol Senior Center, had set up a bear hospital in the school auditorium. For a donation, they sewed on eyes and tongues, repacked noses and repaired any splits in the bears' sides.
Throughout the day, many people dropped off their bears for repair, while they wandered through hundreds of teddy bear exhibits at the show.
The hardest task of the day was sewing a new nose on a giant bear, who was taller than most of the volunteers, said Enza Laudano, who helped with the sewing. It took one person to hold the bear down, while another sewed, she said.
Audrey Elliott, of Southington, brought in a footlong brown bear called Ben, who needed a new tongue and extra stuffing to restore his portly shape.
"He's a very special bear," said Elliott, who bought Ben 17 years ago for her then 2-year-old son. "He's been to Disney World on vacation with us, he's sat with the family at Thanksgiving."
Judging from the number and range of vendors at the jamboree, the bear business is big business. There were bear mugs, plates, writing paper and thousands of teddy bears offered for sale.
Cindy Anschutz of Milford said she works full time as a professional bear maker, and sells her fuzzy stuffed bears all over the East Coast.
Next year, Anschutz is taking a business trip to England at the invitation of Teddy Bear Scene, a magazine on stuffed toy bears, to promote a new bear computer screen saver she has developed. The screen saver shows photographs of teddy bears, or allows users to install their own photographs into the system.
Teddy bears are the fourth most popular collectible item, behind coins, stamps and dolls, Anschutz said.
Anschutz is also the founder of the Connecticut Den of Good Bears of the World, an international organization that supplies teddy bears to elderly people and needy children.
In previous years, the event has attracted thousands of people over two days. But the pouring rain may have kept people away Saturday. | <urn:uuid:f6d4307b-ab62-4808-89bf-a8c78266efaf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1995-10-22-9510220334-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966931 | 583 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Sonnet for the Beginning of a Volume of Poetry
by William Hoover
A poem is a butterfly of truth
Emerging from the chrysalis of thought,
And (as most things when in their pimpled youth)
Begins a worm, unnoticed and unsought,
Which thrives along the laborer’s dust-choked road
And eats those weeds that sprawl in any ditch.
To this rough start its future grace is owed—
Musical wings that glow with perfect pitch.
This book is but a case, these pages glass,
Where butterflies, caught by my net of ink,
Show to all traveling souls who chance to pass
Cool wings that charmed the hot fields where I think.
And though far more have fluttered through my brain,
These I have caught, and therefore they remain.
There being no law against it, William Hoover finds deep beauty and pleasure in both mathematics and poetry, chess and classics, Excel spreadsheets and clever advertisements, science and sunrises.
Photography by Kenneth Godoy | <urn:uuid:1f658050-f501-4d9d-8ed0-821d36cdc6da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecurator.org/2019/03/21/william-hoover-sonnet-for-the-beginning-of-a-volume-of-poetry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.928881 | 220 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Archbishop Eamon Martin, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland has published his New Year message for the 50th World Day of Peace on 1 January 2017. Since 1967 the Holy See has designated each 1 January as a “World Day of Peace”. The message of His Holiness Pope Francis for the celebration of the 50th World Day of Peace 2017, focuses on the theme ‘Nonviolence: a Style of Politics for Peace’.
In his message Archbishop Eamon said, “As a teenager growing up in Derry, I remember being inspired by the witness of the Peace People who brought many ordinary people onto the streets in a call for an end to the terrible violence at that time. The mid-seventies saw some of the most shocking bombings and shootings of “the Troubles”. Terrible tit-for-tat sectarian murders were leaving more and more families bereaved and traumatised. It is hard to believe that it is now forty years since Mairead Corrigan and Betty Williams were awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize for their courageous stand against all violence.
“They touched my heart at the time, and the hearts and minds of so many ordinary women and men from every community who had enough of awful violence and who wanted to help build a better future based on dialogue, reconciliation, peace and cooperation. Some people said that the Peace People were naive, others, that they were being manipulated. For me, their message and actions were motivated by a strong belief in non-violence and a conviction that peace begins from the ground up in the simple yet powerful actions of good people who want to break the downward cycle of death and destruction.
“Tragically for too many more families, the killings and grief did not stop in 1976 – nor even in 1979 when Pope Saint John Paul himself came to Ireland and got down on his knees and pleaded with men of violence to ‘turn away from the paths of violence and return to the ways of peace’. He declared unequivocally in Drogheda that, ‘violence is evil, that violence is unacceptable as a solution to problems, that violence is unworthy of man. Violence is a lie, for it goes against the truth of our faith, the truth of our humanity. Violence destroys what it claims to defend: the dignity, the life, the freedom of human beings’.
“Pope Saint John Paul paid tribute to the inspiration of “countless” men and women in Ireland who had been prepared to stand against violence and whose courage had ‘lighted up the darkness’ of those ‘years of trial’. He predicted, ‘In the years to come, when the words of hatred and the deeds of violence are forgotten, it is the words of love and the acts of peace and forgiveness which will be remembered’.”
Archbishop Eamon said that he mentions all this in his own message because Pope Francis has chosen 1st January 2017 – this 50th World Day of Peace – to reiterate the Christian message of non-violence and non-retaliation. He said, “The Pope does so in the context of a world where there is still too much violence and merciless destruction of human dignity. In his message for today, Pope Francis describes a horrifying ‘world war fought piecemeal’ which causes great suffering. ‘Violence is not the cure for our broken world’, Pope Francis says. ‘Countering violence with violence leads at best to forced migrations and enormous suffering, because vast amounts of resources are diverted to military ends and away from the everyday needs of young people, families experiencing hardship, the elderly, the infirm and the great majority of people in our world’.”
Archbishop Eamon said, “Of course our commitment to peace and non-violence finds its deepest roots in the message of Christ our Saviour, born the Prince of Peace.
“Pope Francis explains how Jesus ‘unfailingly preached God’s unconditional love, which welcomes and forgives. He taught his disciples to love their enemies (cf. Mt 5:44) and to turn the other cheek (cf. Mt 5:39). When he stopped her accusers from stoning the woman caught in adultery (cf. Jn 8:1-11), and when, on the night before he died, he told Peter to put away his sword (cf. Mt 26:52), Jesus marked out the path of nonviolence. He walked that path to the very end, to the cross, whereby he became our peace and put an end to hostility (cf. Eph 2:14-16)’.”
Archbishop Eamon went on to say, “Over Christmas a man expressed to me his frustration about being unable to make a difference to the violence in the world. From Aleppo to Berlin, from Mosul to Cairo, we see such terrible things happening in every corner of the globe. ‘What are we to do, he asked?’ I found it difficult to give an easy answer. I suggested that the first thing we all need to do is to look into our own hearts and minds. Because it is here that all violence, anger, and the desire for revenge and retaliation begin. Sadly, there is so much violence even in our own neighbourhoods and violence and aggression is often hidden in families behind the front doors of our own homes. I was shocked recently to learn of the extent of domestic violence that leads to phone calls every twenty minutes or so to police and support services.
“We can all contribute during 2017 to peace if we learn to model our lives more closely on the beautiful, yet challenging example of Jesus. Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Mother Teresa, Saint Thérèse of Lisieux assure us that little acts of love and kindness can melt even the most stubborn of vengeful hearts. Dr Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi, the Peace People and many others since have shown that it is possible to mould the path of non-violence and non-retaliation into a powerful movement for change and reconciliation.”
Concluding his message, Archbishop Eamon focused on the final words of Pope Francis in his message for the 50th World Day of Peace which, he said, sum it up for him: ‘All of us want peace. Many people build it day by day through small gestures and acts; many of them are suffering, yet patiently persevere in their efforts to be peacemakers. In 2017, may we dedicate ourselves prayerfully and actively to banishing violence from our hearts, words and deeds, and to becoming nonviolent people and to building nonviolent communities that care for our common home.’
The message of His Holiness Pope Francis for the celebration of the 50th World Day of Peace on 1 January 2017 is available here. | <urn:uuid:2935125b-7084-4e84-9f34-e2232aa64f16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholicnews.ie/archbishop-eamon-martins-new-year-message-for-the-50th-world-day-of-prayer-for-peace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968354 | 1,415 | 2.625 | 3 |
This chapter analyses different kinds of mobilisations, from open protest emerging in situations of conflict to less visible and more diffused forms of mobilisation or experimentation, using the tools of economic anthropology. Occupied factories, protests against mortgage foreclosures, the Slow Food movement and other cases of food activism: these phenomena, distant from one another both geographically and in terms of their immediate goals, express disagreement with the dominant system or one of its parts, attempting to resist, oppose or modify that system. The spaces of experimentation created by these forms of resistance or alternative economics are able to produce new social, political and economic imaginations, and new social configurations. Analysing forms of mobilisation, their scales of action and the networks they create, is an excellent way to interpret contemporary economic and political reconfigurations.
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Get access to the full article by using one of the access options below. | <urn:uuid:8bb900ba-1026-47d5-8bd5-5bf5dd7f1e61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788116091/9781788116091.00012.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.919316 | 197 | 2.359375 | 2 |
There are 97 trees in Jubilee Gardens, spread mostly around the outside of the space to create a sense of enclosure and frame important views while leaving plenty of open sunny spots for visitors to enjoy. The design pays tribute to England’s rich arboricultural history – in line with tradition ‘old fashioned’ and much-loved native tree species were reintroduced alongside ornamental exotics.
The first tree of the redesigned Jubilee Gardens, a Liquidambar styraciflua (or Sweetgum), was lowered into position by a small crane on 7th February 2012. A mixture of semi-mature and young trees were planted to give immediate visual impact while also allowing the Gardens to mature and develop slowly over time.
There are seven different tree species in Jubilee Gardens which were chosen to optimise biodiversity and ensure that the park provides interest all year round.
The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica), a native tree, was selected for its contribution to biodiversity as it is a host for a variety of flora and fauna. In early spring long slender buds create a spectacular light-green hue, while the flowers are small catkins which develop small triangular beechnuts – an important food for birds, squirrels and historically also for people. The ornamental deciduous tree lives on average 150-200 years. Most of the Beech trees in Jubilee Gardens are found on the north and northeast of the park, in the areas closest to Hungerford car park.
The strangely named Bald Cypress (Taxodium districhum) is a striking species of conifer, native to south-eastern North America. It was introduced to Britain in 1640 by the famous plant hunter John Tradescant the Younger, can reach 35m tall and commonly lives over 200 years. The species was selected for its soft light, feathery foliage and orange-brown autumn colour as well as its columnar shape which distinctly contrasts with the other broadleaved spreading canopy trees in the Gardens. The Bald Cypresses are found on the south and south-east side of the park, particularly around the playground.
There are four Large Leaf Linden trees (Tilia platyphyllos), three of which are spread out along the south of the Gardens and one in the centre of the park. This beautiful native deciduous tree has a distinctive narrow domed shape and small, fragrant yellowish-white flowers in drooping clusters. The fruit is a small, round, cream-coloured nutlet while in autumn the foliage turns a striking yellow-green to yellow colour. Traditionally Tilia platyphyllos was used for various medicinal purposes including as an antispasmodic, a sedative and a treatment for migraines.
The Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) was originally from eastern North America – it had arrived in Europe by 1770 but was not recorded in Britain until after 1800. The Pin Oak was selected for several of its physical features: It has sharply pointed lobed leaves which turn reddish-brown to bright crimson in autumn, and distinct horizontal branching which provide winter interest even once all the leaves have fallen. Our Pin Oaks are mostly found in the northwestern quadrant of the gardens near the Queen’s Walk and fairground.
Jubilee Gardens is home to 18 quintessential English Oaks (Quercus robur) spread throughout the park. A much-loved large and long-lived, native deciduous tree with lobed and very short-stalked leaves, rugged branches and dark tough bark, modest flowers in mid-spring and acorns in the autumn. The English Oak is valued for its importance to insects and other wildlife and it naturally supports the highest biodiversity of insect herbivores of any British plant. The acorns form a valuable food resource for several small mammals, including our resident friendly squirrels, and some birds.
Liquidambar styraciflua, also known as Sweetgum, is a deciduous tree native to eastern North America. It was introduced into Europe in 1681 by John Banister, and first planted in the palace gardens at Fulham. The leaves are palmate, similar to those of some maples with five sharply pointed lobes, and are a glossy rich dark green colour. The leaves turn brilliant orange, red, and purple in the autumn in a conflagration of colour which unique and striking. Our Liquidambars are clustered on the middle of the north edge of the park and towards the river side of the southern edge. There are also two large specimens taking pride of place at the northern tip of the adventure playground.
Last, but not least, Jubilee Gardens has five London Plane trees (Platanus x acerifolia) which were retained from the old park when it was redeveloped in 2012. The site is surrounded by London Planes – the Queen’s Walk along the riverfront is lined with them while there are also multiple specimens on Belvedere Road and in Hungerford car park. These are popular city trees with more than half of London’s trees being London Planes. They can be identified by their grey bark which sheds leaving large patches of pale green and creamy yellow fresh wood – it does this as a response to pollution which can clog the pores of the bark. Flowers appear as small balls on long stems in spring, maturing to produce the ‘pom-pom’ seed heads which can be seen on the bare branches in winter.
We hope you enjoy the beauty of the different tree species in Jubilee Gardens this #NationalTreeWeek View images of the Gardens and some of our tree species here. | <urn:uuid:f339ab5c-0d4f-42a4-a07a-c2654d2c7442> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jubileegardens.org.uk/2020/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962485 | 1,166 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Monarch butterflies used to be regular visitors at Windward Beach, but, over time, developments in the area caused a reduction in the natural vegetation that had attracted them. Now, as part of an Eagle Scout project, native vegetation is being restored with the hope of helping to attract the monarch butterflies again.
The Brick Shorebeat shared the story of Scout Liam B., who is working with a local environmental consultant to help restore the vegetation and bring back the butterflies.
Monarch populations have been declining in recent years. According to Monarch Watch, a non-profit organization that monitors monarch populations, there are a number of likely causes contributing to the decline in population of the monarch butterflies. Among those possible causes is the reduction in vegetation that serves as summer breeding ground in the United States.
On its site, Monarch Watch includes the following statement, “We are losing 6,000 acres of potential monarch/pollinator habitat a day in the United Stated due to development (2.2 million acres per year). In all, we estimate the loss of habitat to be 147 million acres since Monarch Watch was started in 1992 – an area 4 times the state of Illinois.”
Liam B. wanted to do something to help increase the likelihood that monarch butterflies would return to his community.
For his Eagle Scout, Liam will be working with Scouts and other volunteers to place native plants in a strategic location in the community. The plants will be be designed specifically to attract the monarch butterflies by providing habitat and pollination opportunities.
“I just want to thank everybody for allowing me to do this for myself, and for the butterfly population, so it can make a comeback,” he said. “Everybody thinks monarch butterflies are good – they’re beautiful, they’re great, so why not have more of them?”
For more information on how Scouts like Liam work to make their communities better, see the Baylor University Study “Eagle Scouts: Merit Beyond the Badge.” | <urn:uuid:a4bd844b-18ab-4f53-9169-831a40cc8ed0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scoutingnewsroom.org/blog/eagle-scout-project-seeks-to-attract-butterflies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947222 | 409 | 3.15625 | 3 |
I was reading a post the other day (and forgot to bookmark it – my OCD having been taken out by the man flu) about how a substantial minority of respondents thought that US-originated international brands in China like Coca-Cola were local Chinese brands. Coca-Cola originally entered the Chinese market in 1928 and then re-entered when the country re-opened to the outside world in the early 1980s.
The drink’s Chinese logo marries the traditional Coke flowing lines with the Chinese characters for ‘delicious happiness’. Coke welded itself to China’s caterpillar-like emergence at the Olympic games – so it is easy to see how Coca-Cola has become a Chinese brand for Chinese people. Here in the UK, Coca-Cola is an unashamedly US brand: from GI’s swigging it back during the war to halcyon images of American Graffiti to the urbane cougars (Sex in the City before Sex in the City) featured in the original diet Coke adsand hippies offering the world a Coke.
Yahoo! in the US is an all-American brand: Jerry Yang and David Filo building a business in the proverbial garage is the quintessential American story. They were not trust fund kids like Bill Gates, one was from the American South and the other was a first generation immigrant.
In Asia the company has managed to define itself as a local Asian brand. Yahoo! Japan is as much about Softbank founder Masayoshi Son as Yang and Filo. In each of the Asian countries where it has been successful the brand has developed specialist services that meet the needs of the local population and give them ‘ownership’ of the brand.
By comparison, in Europe, Yahoo! is a big amorphous brand that people don’t really get since what it stands for hasn’t been clearly articulated on a regular basis.
With Japanese brands Muji, Uniqlo and Nintendo they are unashamedly Japanese. Chauncey Zalkin in her recent article for Brandchannel Made in Japan: The Culture Behind The Brand points out how Japanese companies have made a virtue of being Japanese. If I see one flaw in her argument it would be that I would argue Sony has redefined itself as a global brand that stands for nothing rather than competitors like Nintendo or Nikon who have managed to retain their ‘Japanese-ness’ and maintained a respectable financial performance over the long term (at least this far). | <urn:uuid:dddf50d6-70ec-48c5-87c0-5aa96bab2867> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://renaissancechambara.jp/2009/04/21/brands-in-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961208 | 516 | 1.929688 | 2 |
This article is a written version of our Christmas podcast, broadcast on CEU Medieval Radio on December 24th and 25th of 2019. The article provides background information on the study of medieval music in Hungary, medieval Christmas liturgy and introduces an album, produced in Hungary in 1978 featuring Late Medieval plainchant, and a short description of each song and their role in the religious celebrations.
In brief: Yes, he was. But if you are also interested in how and why certain mythical episodes of the eleventh-century Hungarian King's life seeped into the Arthurian legends, read Stephen Pow's latest article about Lancelot and Ladislaus (László) in the latest issue of CEU's Annual of Medieval Studies (2018).
A possible portrait of Anne Boleyn was identified using facial recognition software of all things. Up until now there is no portrait of her except that on a battered bronze disk. After her execution, Big Brother Henry made her an unperson so her portraits disappeared pretty quickly. The medal survived by chance, perhaps because it… Continue reading Anne Boleyn, we long for to see you!
Very exciting article published recently: http://www.medievalists.net/2016/01/19/dna-study-reveals-the-english-are-one-third-anglo-saxon/ The topic of just how much the Anglo-Saxon immigration affected modern British genetics has been a hotly contested one, ever since Merlin pegged the Anglo-Saxon ancestry of England at about 90%. Recent genetic studies looked at the modern population of Britain's DNA and suggested all kinds of things. Some… Continue reading Just how Anglo-Saxon are the English? 38%!
In the words of Percy Bysshe Shelly: "Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair." Abergeldie Castle in Scotland, dating from the 16th century and situated close to the royal residence of Balmoral, is facing destruction after the bank of the Dee river gave way. Now frantic work is underway to stop the erosion and… Continue reading A Scottish Castle Teeters on the Brink of Oblivion
People used to laugh at medieval medical practices, and they still do from time to time. Especially we tend to laugh when we read of medieval doctors bleeding people, or talking about the 4 humours and vital spirits. We also laugh at the popular idea that witches caused illness, when in fact we know now… Continue reading Medieval potions help fight dangerous bacteria
Dearest listeners and voyeurs, CEU Medieval Radio wishes all of you a most salubrious 2016, full of good happenings! The year ended on a happy note for a former physics teacher, cum medieval pilgrim, Steven Payne who walked the medieval pilgrim's route from Southampton to Canterbury this month. He completed the journey, arriving in Canterbury… Continue reading Travelling – the Medieval Way
Good news to all of our listeners who deplore the loss of the medieval crown of Bulgaria's kings! Recently the crown of Bulgaria's medieval kings was reconstructed and is now being exhibited in Sofia's National History Museum http://www.novinite.com/articles/172367/Museum+Exhibits+Replica+of+Crown+Worn+by+Medieval+Bulgarian+Rulers Check the link! The crown was created for kings of the second Bulgarian dynasty around 1200. Bulgaria's… Continue reading Reconstruction of the Medieval Crown of Bulgarian Monarchs
Nowadays everyone has a positive association with elves... That sounds weird, but what I mean to say is that people like elves. They think of them as handsome Orlando Bloom types with pointy ears, long flowing hair, and of course they are pretty good with a bow and arrow. Or, more significantly at this time… Continue reading Elves – can we really trust them?
Recently a medieval treasure was unearthed in England. It's a figurine of a wild man, brandishing a club and a set of powerful beard hairs. Check the link: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-35050026 What is strange is that such figurines were common in the Middle Ages if the art historians and archaeologists can be believed. A very common… Continue reading Statues of wild men: the medieval equivalent of some popular figurine of modern times? | <urn:uuid:8764a0cf-4691-4cd6-8645-362401e6b302> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medievalradio.org/category/medieval-radio-blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934374 | 895 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Elevating Rhymes with Figurative Language
Few elements of writing separate great writers from average writers as clearly as the intelligent use of metaphors and similes. A well-placed simile can get a reader smiling faster than a politician on debate night. Ironically, most students, especially those who listen to hip-hop, are very familiar with how metaphors and similes sound in a song but struggle to understand the idea of figurative language in the classroom.
In our experience, very few students will instinctively use a metaphor or simile in the basic vocabulary lesson mentioned above. If one does-terrific! Use that students work to introduce the concept. If not, this lesson plan should help.
Step 1: Teach the concept
Metaphor a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them; a creative comparison
Simile a metaphor-like comparison that uses the word like or as
Step 2: Model each type of figurative languageGreat rap lyrics are built upon metaphors and similes. Rappers use similes to bring their rhymes to life, and they are usually the phrases that stay with you long after you hear an amazing verse. A good simile can transform an average piece of writing into one that's exceptional.
There are plenty of examples from popular rap lyrics. You could even ask students to find their favorites as an assignment. Here are two examples:
I'm full strength like a Cyclops's eye drops,
I got support like high-tops.
- Ugly Duckling, Left Behind.
In these two lines, Ugly Duckling rapper Dizzy Dustin combines two creative similes with a mythological allusion. His use of figurative language brings these lines to life. How powerful is he? About as strong as Visine would have to be for a giant one-eyed monster. How much love does he gets from fans? More support than ankle-covering basketball shoes. As Dizzy Dustin knows, great similes create vivid mental images.
Im cooler than a polar bears toenails.
- Big Boi, Atliens
In this last case, Big Boi (from the group Outkast) could have just said, I'm cool, and that would have been fine. After all, hes a famous rapper. He also could have just said, I'm cooler than a polar bear, and that would have been a great metaphor. But Big Boi, being a talented lyricist, took his writing to the next level and came up with a metaphor that helps us imagine the coldest extremity of that cold-weather animal. That's powerful writing.Practice using figurative language
Have students complete the following independently or break into teams and make lists for each:
Similes: I'm as sharp as a(n) _____________
I keep it fresh like _____________
Metaphors: Life is a(n) _____________
School is a(n) _____________
The great thing about these exercises is that there are no wrong answers. If a student can back up why she said that life is a hair dryer, then that's a correct answer.
Step 4: WriteUsing the worksheet Flocab Formula for Figurative Language Rhymes, students can create their own rhymes. See the worksheet here.
Step 5: Expand to other figurative language
On our blog, we've got examples of other types of figurative language found in rap music, from alliteration to zeugma. | <urn:uuid:18eb1dcb-ece6-4a87-a27f-739e374f3cf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.flocabulary.com/warp/figurative-language/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.94901 | 756 | 3.75 | 4 |
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