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Because the United States lacks meaningful federal privacy protections, states have passed a patchwork of laws that are largely favorable to corporations. By contrast, Europe passed the General Data Protection Regulation six years ago, restricting the online collection and sharing of personal data, despite a tremendous lobbying push against it by the tech companies.
The Illinois law’s provision allowing individuals to sue the companies, known as a private right of action, has led to hundreds of lawsuits, to surprising success. Google recently agreed to pay $100 million to settle a lawsuit that it had improperly used Illinois residents’ photos, and the company said it will add new prompts to seek consumers’ consent to group photos together. Meta, Facebook’s parent company, will pay $650 million to settle a similar lawsuit filed in the state, and the video streaming platform TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, agreed to settlement terms over claims that it scanned and used biometric data without consent in Illinois. Snapchat is also facing a class-action lawsuit in the state over its facial recognition practices.
“People don’t realize how much they’re just giving away to these companies,” Faye Jones, a professor at the University of Illinois College of Law, said in an interview. “It’s not that difficult for companies to comply with Illinois’s rules.”
Tech companies, she said, have successfully lobbied for watered down or nonexistent biometric data provisions in other states. In addition to Illinois, Washington and Texas — which is suing Meta for misuse of consumers’ personal data — have broad statutes governing the use of biometric identifiers, but those states do not grant a private right of action. Washington State has failed for three years running to pass a comprehensive privacy bill, in part because of opposition to private right of action provisions.
And while much attention has focused on facial recognition, with local government agency bans on its use in multiple jurisdictions, including San Francisco and Minneapolis, in recent years, technology firms are honing their skills at using other data to identify people, particularly by combining information like our mobile phones’ locations, purchasing data, fitness trackers and license plate scanners, to name a few. A singular focus on facial recognition, while well intentioned, elides the urgent need for broad reforms over consumer privacy. | <urn:uuid:c941a858-ac72-4481-a833-72e14a5b8fd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://web.republicnews24.com/news/33179/how-illinois-is-winning-in-the-fight-against-big-tech/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936142 | 477 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Does Plaster Of Paris Stick To Clay? Yes, plaster of Paris will stick to clay. Clay is a type of soil that is composed of fine-grained particles. It is sticky and can easily form a bond with other materials such as plaster of Paris.
Can you fire plaster of Paris? Yes, you can fire plaster of Paris. It is a ceramic material that is fired at a high temperature in a kiln.
How do you join two pieces of clay together? To join two pieces of clay together, you can use water to help adhere them. You can also use a clay slip, which is a thinned-out version of clay that helps to bind the pieces together.
What’s the difference between clay and plaster? Clay is a natural, earthy material that is made up of tiny particles of minerals. When it is mixed with water, it forms a sticky paste that can be molded into shapes. Plaster is a man-made material that is made from gypsum, a type of plaster, and water. It is a powder that is mixed with water to form a thick paste.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do You Make A Plaster Sculpture Stronger?
To make a plaster sculpture stronger, you can add a fiberglass mesh to the inside of the plaster. This will help to reinforce the plaster and make it less likely to break.
Does Plaster Stick To Clay?
Yes, plaster will stick to clay. When the two materials are combined, the plaster will harden and become a permanent part of the clay sculpture.
What Happens If Plaster Gets In Clay?
The two substances will mix and create a new substance.
What Happens If Plaster Gets Into Clay?
If plaster gets into clay, the plaster will most likely absorb the water from the clay, and the clay will crack.
How Do You Make Plaster Of Paris Stronger?
Adding an aggregate, such as sand, will make plaster of Paris stronger.
What Is The Difference Between Plaster And Clay?
Plaster is a type of drywall that is made from gypsum, while clay is a type of pottery. Plaster is a smooth, white finish that is used to cover walls and ceilings, while clay is used to create pots, dishes, and other objects.
Can You Cast Plaster In Clay?
Yes, you can cast plaster in clay. You need to make a mold out of the clay and then pour in the plaster.
What Is The Difference Between Plaster Of Paris And Clay?
The difference between plaster of Paris and clay is that plaster of Paris is made from gypsum, while clay is a type of earth.
Are Plaster And Clay The Same?
No, plaster and clay are not the same. Plaster is a material that is made from gypsum, while clay is a type of soil.
Why Is Plaster The Enemy Of Clay?
In a nutshell, plaster is the enemy of clay because when it is used to coat a surface, it prevents the clay from bonding with the surface. This means that the clay can easily be scratched or chipped off.
How Do You Make Plaster Thicker?
You can add a bonding agent to plaster to make it thicker.
How Do You Mix Clay Plaster?
Mixing clay plaster is similar to mixing mortar. The plaster ingredients are combined in a wheelbarrow, and then water is added until the desired consistency is achieved. The plaster is then shoveled onto the wall and worked in with a trowel.
Can You Mix Plaster Of Paris With Clay?
Yes, you can mix plaster of Paris with clay. The two substances will mix together to create a harder material that is better suited for sculpting or modeling.
What Is An Enemy Of Clay?
An enemy of clay is something that can damage or ruin the clay surface. This can be caused by anything from weathering to pests.
What Is The Enemy Of Clay?
Water is the enemy of clay, as it can dissolve and weaken the clay particles over time.
Can You Add Clay To Plaster?
Adding clay to plaster can help to improve its durability and resistance to water penetration. It can also help to improve the overall appearance of the plaster.
Can You Mix Plaster Of Paris?
Yes, plaster of paris can be mixed with other materials to create different textures and effects.
How Do You Use Plaster Of Paris Like Clay?
I use plaster of Paris like clay by mixing it with water until it is the desired consistency. I can then use it to sculpt objects or to add details to a clay sculpture.
What Can Cause Clay To Explode?
There are several potential causes of clay exploding, including the presence of moisture, the use of an incorrect firing temperature, and the use of an incorrect type of clay.
How Do You Use Plaster Of Paris As Clay?
One way to use plaster of Paris as clay is to mix it with water until it has the consistency of Play-Doh. Then, you can use it to sculpt objects, such as animals or flowers. Another way to use plaster of Paris as clay is to mix it with sand until it has the consistency of beach sand. Then, you can use it to create sculptures that look like they are made out of sand.
The answer to this question is yes – plaster of Paris will stick to clay. This is because plaster of Paris is a type of gypsum, which is a mineral that is found in many types of soil. Clay also contains gypsum, so when the two are combined, they create a strong bond. | <urn:uuid:e6201473-365b-4248-99e7-7ad8e0a8eade> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://babyfingertalk.com/home-and-kitchen/does-plaster-of-paris-stick-to-clay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939342 | 1,168 | 3.140625 | 3 |
By Anna Von Reitz
People sometimes approach me, and more often, my husband, and they are curious about the role of art in our lives and why we would devote such a considerable and fond portion of our time on Earth to art? To many people, art seems extraneous, useless, just "pretty pictures" on the wall--- something that might be nice to have, but serving no actual purpose.
People have lost their "eyes to see", and are like dead people in fact as well as on paper, not because they lack the essential organs and capacities to relate to art, but because they have been stymied, atrophied, and discouraged to the point wherein they can't perceive art naturally anymore, and can't interpret it, either.
It's like a foreign language hanging on the wall, someone speaking in Dutch or Japanese or another foreign language --- pleasant enough, for the most part, but unintelligible.
In frustration, many modern artists have attempted to bonk audiences on the head, to demand attention, and force people to look at things like soup cans and dead bodies and manikins and dog feces and all sorts of ugly, or mundane, or downright offensive presentations. They don't know what else to do. Their art becomes the equivalent of a fire alarm or S.O.S. signal.
Other modern artists have attempted to become art. They tattoo their bodies and pierce their noses and weave odd colors and bones and ribbons in their hair. They dress up in costumes or wear things that aren't identifiable as clothes, or they tear off every stitch in desperation --- all because they feel that they can't get through to the numbed-down and dumbed-down audience they are playing to.
So if you want to avoid the penalties of bad art, become a better seer and a better listener. Tune up your inner organs of perception --- your inner eye, your unseen ears of the soul.
Art helps us do that and to make that leap in perception that can carry us all the way back to the "lost" Universal Language of Photo-Feelings and instant knowing. This is why we love art and collect art and spend time with art. That's why we enjoy it. We speak the Universal Tongue.
Most people in America are like little children just learning to read when it comes to art, and they tragically stay that way all their lives. They spend their whole lives meeting externally mandated and arbitrary needs, content that they can tell the difference between red and green. And as a result they can neither "read" art, nor can they communicate with art --- their own or anyone else's.
They pass by, they glance, but they can't take in the content.
All brave souls begin the journey with simple art that pleases them, because that's their reading level, and that's wonderful. I encourage them every step of the way and discourage no one. Remember when you were a child just discovering books? It's the same way with art.
Most of us start out with simple sounds and simple words and simple art, and that's just fine. Whatever pleases you, whatever speaks to you, is fine. Never feel embarrassed or defensive or pretend to like things because "art snobs" like them. Like what you like and let your responses be honest. Let your responses to art thrive. Exercise your perceptions like you exercise muscles.
As time goes on, your appreciation will increase, become more mature, and your art "vocabulary" will expand. Maybe you will be like me, and always retain a place for simple art and friendly mutts. Maybe you will be strongly drawn to one kind of art or one medium. Over time, most of us develop multiple interests in multiple mediums and genres.
Paintings, prints, sculpture---- will all stimulate your inner eyes and inner ears. They will all teach you to speak the Universal Tongue that existed before Babylon.
And they will all empower you beyond your wildest dreams.
That's why we should all buy art. Art still retains the power to transport us into realms where we are at home, restored, and safe from the parasites that would suck us dry of every living impulse, and squelch every creative thought until we are reduced to living in a box provided by their constant propaganda.
And that, again, is why we should seek art, love art, and buy art for our homes and offices and anywhere that we spend time. Our art becomes our castle keep, our mental retreat, our reminder of better things. Even the memory of art allows us to dwell in a different world, using different sensors to attain new perceptions and stir our emotions.
Art keeps our souls alive and develops our ability to see with our inner eyes. It allows us to silently communicate vast amounts of feeling and meaning, just as two lovers can say everything with a single soul-piercing glance.
What use does art have, but to discover and to express and to expand your own soul and your own ability to see, to feel, and to know? To empower you to speak the Universal Tongue. To know who you are. To know what you most truly value. To express your heart. To find others who have felt what you have felt, to find silent mentors whose vision expands your own.
Art is infinitely more important than any news you will ever hear on the television or radio, yet we are encouraged, almost forced, to pay attention to the Talking Heads and the politicians, to believe that they are important when all they offer is a constant diet of discouragement, embarrassment, fear, and hot air of a kind that won't even heat your home.
A decent painting of a warm fireside on a cold winter night is a far, far better investment than a television set. Why? Because it warms your heart, makes you feel secure, maybe even grateful. It stirs good memories and associations and gives you hope. It tells you that you are safe. It tells you what matters.
The pictures flickering over a television screen go by too fast for your contemplation, and no matter what their content, much of which is bad, they slip by so fast that there is no opportunity for us to learn how to extract meaning from these pictures. Our feeble yet-to-be-developed inner organs of perception are flooded, dulled, overwhelmed, unable to get a foothold on all that content --- but a painting or illustrations in a book, that's a different story.
So we should buy hard copy art --- art for our walls, illustrated books, you name it. If it is a picture that we can pause over and actually look at and see before it morphs into something else, it will teach us the skills and sensitivities we desperately need to be and to feel alive.
Buy art, for the sake of those whose mission it is to save our lives and awaken our souls. Buy art, for your own sake to comfort you and inspire you and enliven your vision and your soul. Buy art and cherish it and keep it for your lonely days and quiet moments, for when you need to cling to something beyond yourself. Buy art and spend time with it, as it is the only way to learn the Universal Tongue. | <urn:uuid:f14a2cfb-87b1-4a1b-ab38-ac0ce9bb6b75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.paulstramer.net/2019_08_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961118 | 1,489 | 1.773438 | 2 |
In life, we all just want more happiness at the end of the day. However, we struggle to find it (or create it) in many cases. What does it take to become happier? Should we buy a bigger TV, house, or car to fulfill our needs? Or, should we spend our hard-earned money on a vacation instead?
Logically, the material possessions make more sense to buy. After all, we can go out and buy it today, and it should last us a while. With the vacation, we have to wait months to obtain it, and we don’t get to experience it for very long. After the trip, we will have some pictures and souvenirs to show for it, but other than that, our memories will have to do.
Most people would choose material possessions over the trip, because they see them as having a higher value than the vacation. After all, you get to experience it for a longer period of time, and you can obtain it relatively easily. However, science says that our assumptions about what will make us truly happy have been dead wrong.
“One of the enemies of happiness is adaptation,” Thomas Gilovich, a psychology professor at Cornell University, told Fast Company. “We buy things to make us happy, and we succeed, but only for a while. New things are exciting to us at first, but then we adapt to them.”
Buying This ONE Thing Will Make You Happier Than Anything Else
While money can make us happy to a certain extent, it doesn’t have much effect on us after we have our basic needs met. However, how we choose to spend our disposable income can make a huge difference in our happiness levels.
After studying what makes people happy for over 20 years, Gilovich discovered that using our money to buy experiences, such as travel, concerts, movies, and classes, will make us happier than buying material items.
Sure, the new car or iPhone might bring us happiness temporarily, but that quickly wears off the longer we use the gadget.
For one of his many studies, Gilovich asked people to rate their happiness in regards to both material items and experiences. Initially, they rated them about the same. However, over time, they reported less satisfaction with material items, and MORE satisfaction with experiences.
Gilovich explains the reasoning behind this: we hold experiences closer to our hearts than material items.
“Our experiences are a bigger part of ourselves than our material goods,” says Gilovich. “You can really like your material stuff. You can even think that part of your identity is connected to those things, but nonetheless they remain separate from you. In contrast, your experiences really are part of you. We are the sum total of our experiences.”
Even negative experiences can give us satisfaction over time, even more than material goods.
Gilovich found that people became happier after talking about negative experiences, even when the experience conversely affected their happiness. Why? Because even the most unsatisfactory of experiences can build one’s character or turn into a funny story or memory, he says.
Also, we feel more connected to people based on shared experiences rather than shared items. Why? Simply because experiences create less jealousy and separation, and bring us together more than possessions. We get more excited talking about a trip we took to Central America rather than our new TV, especially if others can relate.
“It certainly bothers us if we’re on a vacation and see people staying in a better hotel or flying first-class, but it doesn’t produce as much envy as when we’re outgunned on material goods,” Gilovich said.
Also, the act of waiting for a future event can bring us just as much happiness as looking back on a past one.
While both material items and experiences can result in anticipation, you already know pretty much what you’ll get with the possession. However, in regards to the experience, there’s much more mystery and excitement surrounding something totally new and unknown.
“You can think about waiting for a delicious meal at a nice restaurant or looking forward to a vacation and how different that feels from waiting for, say, your pre-ordered iPhone to arrive. Or when the two-day shipping on Amazon Prime doesn’t seem fast enough,” Amit Kumar, one of Gilovich’s colleagues, told The Atlantic.
Finally, the researchers found that just waiting in line for an experience provides much more happiness than awaiting a possession.
Why? Well, for starters, the excitement and possibilities surrounding an experience bring far more happiness than material goods, but also, experiences involve much less competition than possessions. Let’s look at what happens on any given Black Friday, for example.
“You sometimes hear stories about people rioting, smashing windows, pepper-spraying one another, or otherwise treating others badly when they have to wait,” Kumar said in a news release.
“Our work shows that this kind of behavior is much more likely in instances where people are waiting to acquire a possession than when they’re waiting for tickets to a performance or to taste the offerings at their city’s newest food truck.”
In addition to increasing happiness, the researchers have found that spending money on experiences makes people more social. The research Gilovich and his colleagues have done could affect not only personal spending, but also how state and federal governments spend their money.
“Our research is important to society because it suggests that overall well-being can be advanced by providing an infrastructure that affords experiences — such as parks, trails, beaches — as much as it does material consumption,” Gilovich said.
Another study performed by researchers in California had similar findings. One of the researchers in the study, San Francisco State University Associate Professor of Psychology Ryan Howell, reported this about interviewing study participants before and after making a purchase:
“Prior to the purchase, respondents said they believed a life experience would make them happier but a material item would be a better use of their money. After the purchase, however, respondents reported that life experiences not only made them happier but were also the better value.”
In this study, however, researchers found that experiential purchasing relates in part to one’s sensitivity to rewards, emotional connection to events, and perception and appreciation of the world’s beauty. While experiences may affect each person differently, at the end of the day, most people will feel happier by purchasing something to do rather than something to collect and store on a shelf.
At the end of our lives, we won’t look back on how many cars or homes we purchased, how much money we had left in our bank, or what size TV we had. We will think back on the people who touched our hearts, who we got to share invaluable experiences with that changed us forever, and the beautiful places on this Earth we got to explore with them.
It might seem tempting to compare yourself to others who seem to have more material items than you, and feel jealous of them, but remember that you don’t own the stuff; it ends up owning you. Any big ticket item you buy means lots of debt you’ll have to pay back, which equates to added stress and strained finances. Of course, an experience can cost a lot if you choose, but at least you will have made memories and possibly new friends in the process.
In short, material objects build our egos, but experiences build our character. Which one sounds more important and more likely to make you happy?
The next time you get paid, consciously think about where you’d like your money to go before you blow it all on a big ticket item that will just sit in your house and lose value. An experience will sit in your heart for years to come, making you feel more connected to yourself and others, and most of all, happy. We all deserve happiness, and now that we can prove where it comes from, hopefully more people will rush out to buy a skydiving session or excursions in foreign countries rather than a mansion or the latest iPhone.
Remember, you don’t get to go back in time and redo the choices you made, so commit to living in the present and doing things that truly make you happy. | <urn:uuid:355c67c4-7add-470c-8f7a-b15017f5f77b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.powerofpositivity.com/buying-one-thing-will-make-happier-anything-else/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965836 | 1,750 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The influence of terrain on the mean wind flow characteristics in a fjord
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionJournal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2020, 205, 104331. 10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104331
Flow conditions in complex terrains such as fjords are highly three-dimensional and thus not properly captured by the wind flow models developed for homogenous terrains. In the present study, we explore the potential of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations relying on the steady 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations to complement in-situ measurements from a long-span bridge in a narrow fjord. The validation is done using velocity data recorded in 2017 and 2018 by nine sonic anemometers mounted above the deck of a fjord-crossing suspension bridge. The flow characteristics studied are the along-bridge profile of the mean wind velocity, mean wind direction and mean angle of attack. The simulated flow shows that the non-uniform distributions of the mean angles of attack and wind direction along the bridge span are likely due to side-valley flows, which under certain conditions, predominate over those coming from the main valley. The measurements suggest that wind conditions corresponding to the dominating side-valley flows are associated with a high turbulence intensity at the bridge deck position. The paper highlights the complementary role of CFD studies and in-situ measurements for the design of a wind-sensitive structure, which may not be available using traditional semi-empirical modelling of topography effects. | <urn:uuid:99cc7193-677a-466a-aa2d-17e91fd424cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/2734647?locale-attribute=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.892796 | 337 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Spicy, anise-flavored Thai basil leaves hold up better than other basils for making a vodka infusion. Purple-stemmed, 12-24″ plants will survive indoors longer than other varieties. Plant 12-18″ apart in a warm, sunny, protected location. Grows best in well-drained soil.
Mixologists’ Simple Syrups:
To make a simple syrup, heat equal parts sugar and water until the sugar melts. Allow to cool, then steep Thai Basil in the mixture for 30-60 minutes. Strain and store in the refrigerator for up to 2-3 weeks.
Herbed Salt: Mix equal parts kosher salt and fresh herbs in food processor, or crush and blend by hand. Spread on baking sheet, bake at 225 for 30 minutes or until dry, turning once. Use for salt rims or sprinkle onto savory cocktails.
See more Drunken Botanist Collection info on our Drunken Botanist page! | <urn:uuid:0f68e8b0-22da-4c01-a4ff-dcc52d81de5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://loghouseplants.com/plants/shop/basil-thai-ocimum-sp-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.819658 | 200 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The Economy Isn’t What Obama Claims It To Be
For at least the last four years, President Obama has fashioned himself as the savior of the economy. Dragging the United States back from the “worst recession since the Great Depression,” Obama has consistently whitewashed the worst aspects of the new economy. Liberals must therefore not know what to think when they see reports like this one out of California.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, young people between the ages of 18 and 34 are having a hard time of it in one of the country’s most liberal states. Full-time workers amongst California’s millennials make an average of $35,734 a year, down from $40,030 in 1990. Those numbers look even worse when you take inflation into account. Not only that, but 34.5% of millennials still live with at least one parent. That number was only 24.6% ten years ago.
But while things look bad for young workers in California, they don’t look much better for the rest of the country. Yes, the economy has naturally improved since the recession, but there are still indicators that bode ominously for the future. The administration has trumpeted the addition of private sector jobs, but it has all but ignored the labor force participation rate, now at a 36-year low of 62.8 percent. This number accounts for all people 16 or older not in the military, and it shows that some 92 million Americans don’t have a job and aren’t looking for one. Some of this is explained by retiring Baby Boomers, but that certainly doesn’t account for all of it.
Holiday spending numbers and falling oil prices provide hope that we are heading towards a full recovery, but you certainly can’t give any credit to Obama for those numbers. If he had his way, we’d probably see oil prices triple what they are now. His EPA is set to add an onslaught of new federal regulations aimed at climate change, many of which could have damning effects on business and employment. Then there’s the ill effects of Obamacare, many of which won’t be completely apparent until the employer mandate goes into effect. With these looming on the horizon, any good economic news could be short lived.
At the end of the day, though, even those successes that Obama can claim must be held up to the light of truth. And that light shows us that he has spent almost $4 trillion in trying to get this economy back on track. Whether it worked or not is immaterial. The fact is that the national debt has exploded under Obama’s watch, and that is money that will eventually have to be paid back. Any successes in the economy have to be viewed through the lens of those deficits, and the truth is that no one knows what the ultimate ramifications will be. | <urn:uuid:0bc2bee6-82c9-428a-8bda-efd34724c9e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fixthisnation.com/the-economy-isnt-what-obama-claims-it-to-be/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97208 | 598 | 1.5 | 2 |
Antelope Valley Solar Ranch One (AVSR1), an enormous 230-megawatt (AC) solar power plant, continues to rise from the desert floor, despite obstacles coming from many directions. First Solar continues to provide engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) services for Exelon and has said the project is 28 percent complete and on track for inauguration of its first phase in September.
None of the 3.7 million cadmium telluride panels had been installed as of the project’s March 2 press preview, but thousands of 50-panel cartons sat on pallets around the plant’s field, on which a quarter of the project’s 90,000+ posts and a quarter of its 90,000+ brackets had been installed.
Sixteen percent of the AC line trenches and 13 percent of the DC line trenches had been dug. A quarter of the 49 electronics vaults were built. The substation and the operations and maintenance building were not built, but components were positioned.
More importantly, 200 of the 350 people who will eventually be employed to build the project have been placed in full-time jobs, and almost two-thirds of those jobs have gone to people from nearby communities in and around the Antelope Valley, where unemployment for the largely working-class population has approached fifteen percent during the recession.
Over a quarter of a million dollars in purchase orders are out with local vendors, a local dirt moving company continues to do major hauling, and employee lunches are being bought daily from three local venues that were notoriously quiet before the arrival of the AVSR1 project.
Struggles with activists in the surrounding communities last summer threatened to delay groundbreaking long enough to keep the project from qualifying for its federal loan guarantee continue. Still, First Solar broke ground just behind schedule.
After ground was broken, local activists raised a cry about dust, about the project’s appearance, about the conduct of First Solar’s security people and about the company’s safety and decommissioning plans. Construction nevertheless went ahead.
Copper wire valued at thousands of dollars was stolen from the project grounds over the New Year’s holiday weekend. The roof of a temporary office building was almost blown off by ferocious desert winds in early February. Biologists had to learn to contend with the venomous Mojave Green rattlesnake and tarantulas. But still, construction proceeded.
Challenges from the hard desert terrain temporarily prevented First Solar from meeting terms defined by the Los Angeles County conditional use permit (CUP) and almost prevented the company from meeting its last loan guarantee deadline. Yet First Solar kept building.
After the CUP was granted by the county and before ground was broken, the surrounding communities broke out in bickering over a rumored community benefits package. When the actual $280,000 benefits package was announced by First Solar two months ago, the bickering grew louder. Yet construction went ahead.
The most recent questions about the loan guarantees forced First Solar and Exelon to postpone finalization of the project’s sale, yet First Solar keeps building.
First Solar estimates AVSR1’s 230 megawatts “will produce enough electricity to meet the annual energy needs of about 75,000 average homes, [...] the equivalent of taking about 30,000 cars off the road” in terms of greenhouse gas emissions.
Antelope Valley, said First Solar Vice President Jim Woodruff, was and remains an attractive site for solar power plants.
The high quality insolation of the high desert is obvious. Reports suggest the valley gets well over 300 and perhaps as much as 330 or more sunny days every year.
The Southern California Edison (SCE) Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project (TRTP) offers ample proximal transmission just across the valley from AVSR1. TRTP will eventually be capable of carrying 15,000 megawatts of wind energy-generated electricity from the Tehachapi Mountains a few miles to the north. It is estimated those lines could offer as much as 80 percent of that capacity for solar energy-generated electricity because of the way the two sources’ loads vary over the course of an average day.
Another advantage that attracted First Solar, Woodruff said, was that the land was “previously disturbed agricultural land.” That, he explained, significantly reduced environmental impact concerns. “There are no threatened or endangered species on the site, and the project will not use water for electricity generation,” First Solar has reported.
Ample rural roads and other infrastructure, a hungry and ready local workforce, and the strong support of local politicians and the business community, Woodruff said, add to the area’s appeal.
First Solar has just broken ground as the EPC provider on the first phase of NRG Energy’s 92-megawatt Alpine Solar project just a few miles down Highway 138 from AVSR1. Local community leaders report various solar power plant developers have approached them with 26 more project proposals.
First Solar hopes Governor Jerry Brown, whose administration’s legacy may be putting and keeping California on track to obtain a third of its power from renewable energy by 2020, will attend the AVSR1 inauguration in September and throw the switch to send its first power to the SCE grid. | <urn:uuid:fd8c9a27-58d7-4b96-a0a4-85a8cfcd4b58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/antelope-valley-solar-ranch-one-the-solar-power-plant-that-could | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960166 | 1,092 | 2.375 | 2 |
Published November 1, 2021
The Supreme Court hears oral arguments starting today, Nov. 1, on the constitutionality of a recent Texas law banning abortions after a fetal heartbeat is detectable, once again bringing the question of legal abortion to the fore of U.S. politics. A month from now, the court is scheduled to hear oral arguments on Dec. 1 in a Mississippi case with clear parallels to the Texas dispute: The Mississippi law under review prohibits most abortions after 15 weeks. Should the Supreme Court uphold the constitutionality of one or both laws, warn advocates for legal abortion, it would represent a significant rollback of women’s rights in the United States.
But have the Supreme Court’s landmark rulings on legal abortion—from Roe v. Wade (1973) through Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)—led to greater equality or liberty for women? Or has the opposite been true?
Despite the attention given to equality arguments for abortion rights in the years before Roe v. Wade and in the decades since, the U.S. Supreme Court has never held that abortion restrictions violate the equal protection clause of the Constitution. Still, when the high court upheld Roe in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the new and prevailing equality rationale for abortion rights seemed foremost in the minds of several of the justices.
In their plurality opinion for the court in Casey, Justices Sandra Day O’Connor, Anthony Kennedy and David Souter wrote that although they could not affirm that Roe was rightly decided, its “precedential force” required them to uphold the decision, albeit with substantial changes. The justices deemed that the country, over the intervening 19 years, had come to “rely” on the right bestowed in Roe as a centerpiece of women’s liberty and equality, whatever the Constitution said (or did not say) about the matter. This “reliance interest” is what gave Roe, according to the plurality, its “precedential force”:
For two decades of economic and social developments, people have organized intimate relationships and made choices that define their views of themselves and their places in society, in reliance on the availability of abortion in the event that contraception should fail. The ability of women to participate equally in the economic and social life of the Nation has been facilitated by their ability to control their reproductive lives.
But Casey, like Roe, was weakly reasoned as a constitutional matter. The court made use of “reliance interests” more as a metaphor than as a legal claim: such legal interests are generally employed in commercial or property disputes, not to describe sociological patterns. But even assuming the court’s societal reliance claim is true, such a sociological fact does not ensure the integrity of the constitutional decision. As the law professor Michael Stokes Paulsen observed in a Yale Law Journal article in 2002: “For ‘decades of economic and social developments,’ in vast regions of the nation, people organized personal relationships and defined their views of themselves” in reliance on the legal regime of segregation. So too with slavery: The entire Southern economic system had “relied upon” slave owners’ putative “property rights” for its economic and social development. That they did so rely does not transform their (deplorable) legal claims into constitutional trumps, as we have so grievously learned. On its own, reliance is hardly a solid foundation for a constitutional claim.
Casey’s substantive claim as to women’s equality also lacks merit. Abundant evidence exists that there is a correlation between lower fertility rates and higher rates of education and labor force participation among women, but no evidence exists that abortion itself, rather than fertility regulation of various kinds, is specifically correlated with these (imperfect) markers of women’s equality. Instead, societal reliance on widespread contraceptive use with abortion as a “backup” may actually have had distorting, detrimental effects upon women and women’s equality, most notably among the poor.
A revolution in risk-taking
Rather than merely offer a fail-safe in individual cases “in the event that contraception should fail,” the easy abortion access granted in Roe seems instead to have inspired a large-scale, societal-wide increase in sexual risk-taking on the part of sexual actors. Dr. Alan Guttmacher, then president of Planned Parenthood, was prescient in this regard when in 1968 he said: “When an abortion is easily obtainable, contraception is neither actively nor diligently used.” But easy abortion access does not only tend to disincentivize contraceptive use. By offering sexual partners the false confidence that their acts will be definitively sterile, the abortion-backed contraceptive revolution ushered in an unprecedented mentality of risk-taking that is often unwarranted by the couple’s level of commitment and their ability to assume parental duties in the case of unexpected pregnancy. Over time, increases in such risk-taking, coupled with the failure, misuse or nonuse of contraceptives led to dramatic increases in abortion and nonmarital childbearing overall.
Richard Posner in 1994 described the unintended consequences the United States experienced in the decades after Roe thus: “If abortion is cheap…intercourse will be more frequent and…may generate more unwanted pregnancies, not all of which will be aborted. This should help us to understand the combination of cheap contraceptives, frequent abortions, and yet a high rate of unwanted births in our society.” Were abortion less readily available, economists suggest that contraceptive use (and greater avoidance of sexual intercourse) would increase and that the rate of unintended pregnancy, abortion and even single motherhood would likely decrease (though never to a vanishing point, of course).
In practice, then, the sexual insurance policy of the 1970s, putatively taken out to insure both sexes against childbearing, in reality seems to insure primarily men. Not only were the new abortion-backed contraceptive provisions the chief catalysts in erecting casual norms around sex, norms that are increasingly disfavored by most women. In addition, the still high rates of unintentional pregnancy, nonmarital births and abortion that accompany the new sexual insurance scheme disproportionately affect women, especially those who are poor. The now common mentality that sex has no consequences and thus entails no responsibilities too often leaves women alone with their pregnancies—to procure abortions or rear their children on their own.
Just as the 18th-century British philosopher Mary Wollstonecraft and the 19th-century women’s advocates anticipated, relatively easy access to abortion has relieved men of the mutual responsibilities that accompany sex, and so has upended the duties of care for dependent children that fathers ought equally to share. Sexual intercourse and potential motherhood remain an unshakable biological reality, but the connection between sexual intercourse and potential fatherhood—the connection that irresponsible men have always sought to avoid—has withered even further since Roe. Here again, Guttmacher of Planned Parenthood’s saw the consequences all too clearly in the years before the Supreme Court’s fateful decision in 1973: “Abortion on demand relieves the [man] of all possible responsibility; he simply becomes a coital animal.”
Indeed, if the institutionalized male sexual prerogative was finally undone by legal reforms to marriage and criminal law in the last century, relatively easy abortion access has emboldened men to reclaim that prerogative once again. As the #MeToo movement has revealed in spades, the new “coital animal”—lacking the formative schooling of desire expected of an aspiring gentleman—will not so readily heed the word “no.”
A decade of questions
The 1960s and 70s were decades awash in new questions that emerged with the revolutionary release of the birth control pill alongside women’s increased social status and the unprecedented entry of mothers of young children into the workforce. As the distinctive women’s movement moved apace, alongside both the population control movement and the emerging sexual revolution, but not yet together, Americans had before them a new set of yet unforeseen and entangled questions: first, how to enable women to participate more fully in the public sphere; second, how to manage the significant “technology shock” created by the advent of the pill (far more effective than its predecessors, but importantly not 100 percent so); and third, how to maintain utmost societal concern for the perennial need to nurture dependent children who heretofore had been the primary responsibility of their mothers.
The Supreme Court in 1973 chose one definitive route, short-circuiting the impassioned debates going on across the country in state after state, and thereby frustrating not only a better compromise among contending perspectives. It also thwarted more humane and creative cultural responses to the asymmetries that naturally exist, and socially persist, because of women’s disproportionate role in human reproduction. The court in 1992 then doubled down on this particular response in Casey, explicitly acknowledging that over the course of nearly two decades, the country and its actors had come to “rely” upon abortion for women’s equal participation in public life.
It may be that when the justices in Caseymaintained that “an entire generation has come of age free to assume Roe’s concept of liberty in defining the capacity of women to act in society,” it was an altogether accurate description. When Casey reaffirmed the “right to choose” abortion, employers and other public institutions remained “free” to be unchanged by women’s participation in them. In the words of the pro-choice law professor Deborah Dinner: “The discourse of reproductive choice continues to legitimate workplace structures modeled on the masculine ideal [with no caregiving responsibilities] as well as social policies that provide inadequate public support for families.”
That is, relatively easy abortion access has made it unnecessary for businesses and other institutions in the United States to acknowledge an essential cultural reality: Most working persons are (or ought to be) deeply encumbered by their obligations to their families. In the end, it may just be that an unmitigated right to abortion serves a profit-driven market above all else. But caring for dependents and participating in the economic and social life of the nation need not be a zero-sum game: only our lack of imagination, and our culture-wide capitulation to the now reigning logic of the market, has made it so.
Given the centrality of abortion rights in the feminist movement today, it is no surprise that work–family balance remains such a pressing issue, and that it is women’s status as mothers, not their status as women, that causes the greatest inequities socially and professionally, even as women have made remarkable gains overall. If the “gender revolution” has stalled—elevating women in the workplace without a concomitant elevation for the work mothers and fathers do in the home—constitutionalizing the right to abortion shares a good deal of the blame.
Erika Bachiochi is a fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, D.C. This essay is adapted from her new book, The Rights of Women: Reclaiming a Lost Vision (Notre Dame University Press). | <urn:uuid:3d49979a-d7a5-492c-940e-58a55092a687> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eppc.org/publication/the-feminist-revolution-has-stalled-blame-roe-v-wade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949869 | 2,308 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The team behind Kenosha Public Library’s Big Read faced so many unknowns, they must have felt much like the author of this year’s selection “Lab Girl” pouring their hearts into an experiment.
Midway through the month-long celebration of “Lab Girl” by Hope Jahren, the Big Read has not only met expectations, it has succeeded “beyond our wildest dreams,” KPL communications specialist Brandi Cummings said.
By nature, the National Endowment for the Arts Big Read is designed to turn a solitary pursuit into a communal event, bringing people into the library and other public spaces. A year into the pandemic, as people weary of screens but must remain vigilant about safety, how would Kenosha respond?
“The response has been absolutely fantastic, even better than anticipated,” Cummings said. “On event surveys and in conversations, there has been such an outpouring of support from the community.”
So far the biggest hit has been the keynote/kickoff event, featuring Emily Grasslie, the Chief Curiosity Correspondent for the Field Museum in Chicago, and creator, host and writer of The Brain Scoop on YouTube.
The impressive slate continues with nature-based crafts, kids’ and family activities, lectures by UW scientists and traditional book discussions, all under the umbrella of the science and nature theme.
Events are meticulously designed with safety in mind, with both virtual events and in-person outdoor activities. Even the online events involve participants beyond the screen with supplies to-go and extension activities.
Organizers have found a way to create a new focus on an “unplugged Big Read,” Cummings said. “We’re encouraging everyone to step back and enjoy nature,” she said.
A highlight of the remaining schedule is an outdoor walking tour revealing a side of the UW-Parkside campus perhaps unknown to even long-time Kenoshans.
Trees, Seeds and Soil – An Outdoor UW-Parkside Walking Tour is set for 1-3 p.m. March 21 and includes community gardens, maple trees, rivers and solar panels. Parkside scientists Dave Rogers, Julie Kinzelman and alum Jake Rogers will lead the tour, sharing sustainability practices and their own passion for science.
Another outdoor event that immerses participants in both nature and literature is a self-guided walk through Hawthorn Hollow, with stops to read chapters of a story along the way. The recently-launched Storywalk has been a huge hit, Cummings said.
A last-minute opportunity will provide a fitting finale for this year’s Big Read.
Carthage Women in STEM: A Live Zoom Discussion is set for March 31 at 4:30 p.m. During the event presented by Carthage College Division of Natural and Social Sciences, scientists will talk about “Lab Girl,” and their experiences as women in science careers including their inspirations, joys and challenges.
This venture into the unknown with a pandemic-impacted Big Read wasn’t limited to planning events under these unique circumstances. Even the book choice was a bit of a gamble.
Traditionally, the Big Read has featured a fiction title. This year, the choice of a memoir that combines intricate scientific details with a deeply personal story pushed all the right buttons.
“The team took a chance and it was the right thing to do,” Cummings said. “Part of the appeal (of “Lab Girl”) is that it is about both science and being a human, and how our growth as humans mirrors the growth of a seed and the growth of a plant. People identify with Hope and relate to her story.”
Here are some of the events scheduled for the second half of the Big Read. Complete listing and registration information is available in the Kenosha Public Library’s website and digital brochure.
Family time (Families with children)
KPL Kids-to-Go Seed Art (ages 0-5): Let’s turn seeds into flowers without all the dirt, water and time. We’ll use salt-dough to make seed masterpieces. This is a “To-Go” program, which means the box of supplies with instructions will be available for registrants to pick up at Southwest or Northside Libraries. Required registration is open through March 16, material pick up March 20-23.
Virtual Family Story Time: Science theme March 20, 10:30-11:00 a.m. Flowers and Trees theme March 27 10:30-11 a.m. Storytime staff will lead participants through a short science and nature themed storytime aimed at families with children of all ages. We will use books, fingerplays, and songs to help develop early listening and literacy skills. Registration required.
KPL Family Night Enchanted Garden: Escape to an enchanted forest to find and make flower petal fairies and garden gnome planter pals. Create and decorate a light-up toadstool mushroom home for your new forest friends to live in while your family makes magical memories together. This is a “To-Go” program, supplies with instructions will be available for registrants to pick up at Southwest or Northside Libraries. Required registration opens March 20-23, material pickup is March 27-30
In the Making – Macrame Leaf Wall Hanging: This Making/Fiber Arts Company crossover brings back the classic fiber art of macramé. Learn the basics along with the Zoom class on March 17 from 5:30-6:30 p.m. to create a leaf wall hanging with this take-home grown-up crafting kit. Registration is still open through today, March 14. Pickup is March 15-16.
Zoom Poets – NEA Big Read Edition: In this all-ages event on March 20 from 4-5 p.m., poets perform live on Zoom, delivering”Lab Girl”-themed entertainment and enlightenment. Contact Stephen at firstname.lastname@example.org for more details, or to sign up to read. Presented by Zoom Poets – Stephen Kalmar II moderator, and Tony G MC.
KPL Teens to Go – Plant Prints: For ages 12-19. Create bold plant prints using simple printmaking techniques. Materials and instructions are provided to plan, carve and finish an eye-catching masterpiece. This can be a messy project so make sure to dress for a mess and cover surfaces. Required registration is open through March 16. Materials pickup is March 20-23.
In the Making – Botanical Recycled Art Shrines: Turn trash into treasure! In this to-go, grown-up crafting kit, KPL supplies everything needed to make a botanical art shrine. Simply follow along with instructors at our Zoom event March 25 from 5-6 p.m. to create, reuse and Recycle. Required registration is March 15-21, material pickup is March 23-24.
In the Making: Leaf Watercoloring: Create a work of art with this take-home, grown-up crafting kit. Follow along with a simple Zoom class on March 31 from 5:30-6:30 p.m. to learn how to use watercolor to immortalize a favorite plant or create an urban jungle without the upkeep. Required registration is March 22-28, material pickup is March 29-30.
The Purpose-Driven Landscape – How to Create Life-Giving Landscapes with Native Plants: Re-introducing native plants into our landscapes is one of the most positively impactful things people can do. Presented by Nan Calvert, program manager at the Root-Pike Watershed Initiative Network on March 18 from 2-3 p.m., this program will guide you toward a path of stewardship and landscape resiliency. Register online to receive an access code.
Climate Changes, Can People? A Virtual Badger Talk with Professor Ankur R. Sesai: Floods, fires, hurricanes, receding snow, crop failures, and heatwaves. Climate change is manifesting itself onto these in a variety of ways both in southeastern Wisconsin and across the globe. How exactly do scientists know that the climate is changing and affecting society? What options do individuals and society have to reduce the risk of the worst impacts? These questions and more will be addressed March 23, 6-7:30 p.m. Register online to receive an access link.
Early Spring Plants Seed Kit and Class: Seed kits containing trays, soil, and seeds will be available to the first 100 families who register. The program is set for March 24, 4:30-5:30 p.m. Join horticulture instructor Ali Schultz for a zoom session discussing early spring plants and how to take care of the plants included in their seed kits. Registration is required, pickup is March 20, 10 a.m.- 3 p.m. at Gateway Technical College Outside Academic Building (3520 30th Ave.).
Grab & Gather Family Trees:. Families come in all shapes and sizes, just like trees! Let’s trace roots and share our family history during this program: March 31, 6:45-7:30 p.m. KPL will supply a family tree template and resources to do some family history research. Required registration is open March 24-25, pick up is March 26-28.
Carthage Women in STEM: A Live Zoom Discussion: Join Carthage women scientists March 31 at 4:30 p.m. as they discuss “Lab Girl” and their experiences in the field. Register online for access link.
“Lab Girl” Book Discussions (Adults)
KPL Book Discussion: March 15, 2-3:30 p.m.
Community Library: March 18, 6:30-7:30 p.m. and March 23 1-2 p.m
Gateway Technical College Libraries: March 23, 4:30-5:30 p.m. | <urn:uuid:79653c52-919b-404e-8264-21c82cf0e64e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kenosha.com/2021/03/14/kpls-big-read-surges-into-second-half/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938221 | 2,102 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Don’t let your guard down on swine flu threat, doctor says
You may be thinking of summer, but Dr. Todd Ellerin’s mind is on winter, which he says “is not that far away” in swine flu terms.
“We have to keep our guard up,” Ellerin, chief of infectious medicine at South Shore Hospital, said Sunday. “This could still be a virus that is mutating and could come back. Things look mild, more like a regular seasonal flu, so far, but we can’t be complacent.”
If the virus were to turn into one as deadly as the 1918 flu, he said, we would not be prepared. “We must use vigilance to try and control the virus that could mutate.”
The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released its latest report Sunday: there have been 226 confirmed cases and 1 death in 30 states. There have been seven cases of swine flu in Massachusetts.
“This is a virus that could be mutating,” Ellerin said. “It could become pathogenic, as happened in 1918, and we must use infection control to try and mitigate a virus” still very capable of mutating.
As before, he urged everyone to avoid crowds, follow good hand hygiene, and use other infection controls (masks, gels).
“We have to be very meticulous about our surveillance so we can pick up any signal of a changing virus and get on top of this.”
South Shore Hospital has had 68 suspected flu-like cases, including nine on Sunday, and none have been positive for the influenza A virus.
At Quincy Medical Center, spokesperson Janice Sullivan said three cases have tested positive for influenza A. Two of those met the state criteria to be tested further for the H1N1 strain and were sent in to the state lab.
One was confirmed as swine flu – the patient who was treated and returned to New York – and the hospital is waiting to hear on the other case.
A death rate of less than 1 percent so far makes the flu sound more like a regular seasonal flu, Ellerin said. But he believes there have been many more mild swine flu cases than have been confirmed.
He outlined these possibilities:
H1N1 virus could be like SARS virus in 2003: it could disappear or at least stop causing clusters of flu cases.
It could come back and become seasonal, and if it is mild, “that’s OK.”
It may change the way we think about vaccination, so we incorporate more strains into our vaccines. Scientists are working on that now, he said.
Or, worst case, it could become more pathogenic and look like the 1918 pandemic. “The early cases do not give us any reason to think that would happen but we have to watch for it,” he said.
The features of the H1N1 virus that could lead to a pandemic are that it is novel; people don’t have background immunity, and we have had sustained person-to-person transmission.
In 1918, the mortality rate was 3 percent. So far, the death rate appears to be less than 1 percent.
Ellerin and Sullivan praised the quick, coordinated responses of the state public health department and the CDC.
But if the virus were to become a pandemic, Ellerin said, even with the aggressive response, “I do not believe we are prepared, if this were to be like a Hurricane Katrina in a virus.
Sue Scheible may be reached firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:b4141be8-5a0b-47a0-a77a-48a858b3df5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.norwichbulletin.com/story/news/2009/05/04/don-t-let-your-guard/48577831007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974354 | 773 | 2.421875 | 2 |
On Tuesday this week the Supreme Court ruled that goods made and sold abroad can be re-sold in The United States or online by third parties. Publisher John Wiley & Sons had brought a suit against a Thai graduate student named Supap Kirtsaeng, who resold international versions of textbooks to Americans online. Textbooks are generally far more costly in the United States than they are in most countries abroad, including Thailand, and many international versions of textbooks are identical to those sold in the United States.
In his opinion for the court, Justice Stephen Breyer wrote that publishers and manufacturers lose U.S. copyright protections after a work is lawfully sold abroad.
“We hold that the ‘first sale’ doctrine applies to copies of a copyright worked lawfully made abroad,” he said.
A ruling the other way would have greatly complicated matters for many online and discount stores across the United States, as well as creating a legal headache. Retailers testified to the court that more than $2.3 trillion worth of goods were imported in 2011, and significant portion of those goods had been purchased abroad previously.
The ruling in favor of Kirtsaeng may create a disincentive for publishing and other industries to sell goods abroad at lower prices than in the United States, creating a barrier to access for people in many foreign countries. Justices Elena Kagan and Samuel Alito wrote in a separate opinion that Congress can change the law if it believes copyright holders require greater protection. | <urn:uuid:6bbfe43c-8995-41b0-a403-f4df721e94af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.liquidlitigation.com/blog/scotus-upholds-first-sale-doctrine-over-publisher-copyright-protections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97161 | 301 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Levamisole in one of the most effective drugs against most of the gastrointestinal track & lungs nematode. And its use for increasing immunity system power.
In this research 7 Terrier dog, with age of one year were chosen. After doing clinical and laboratory testes and be sure about the health of them, we look after them in same places and using the dosage of 10 mg/kg for the A dog, 30 mg/kg for the B dog, 60 mg/kg for The C dog, 90 mg/kg for the D dog, 100 mg/kg for the E dog, 120 mg/kg for the F dog and 140 mg/kg for the G dog of Levamisole.
After clinical & laboratory testes and doing ECG, no abnormally signs were found in dogs A, B, C, D but in dogs E, F, G signs of toxicity , squirt, imbalance, the heart signs of these 3 dogs were increasing the heart rate, weakness and decrease the femoral pulse. First of all in ECG, a trial premature complex and after a moment ventricular premature complex (triage min) and finally fine ventricular complex were seen.
Ventricular premature complex and ventricular tachycardia were made by fomentation of myocardium or myocarditis of ventricle howbeit primary ventricle myocarditis is very little but it is secondary to viral or bacterial diseases, anemia, hyperthyroidism, toxicity, etc. Categorically hypoxia and acidosis are the cause of fomentation of ventricle myocardium and make the arrhythmia in pulse of ventricle.
1. Bolton, G.R. (1983), Handbook of canine electrocardiography. W.B.Saunders company-Philadelphia U.S.A. PP
2. Kirk, R.w (1999) Current veterinary therapy small animal medicine. W.B.Saunders company. PP.271
3. Tilley, l.p.(1989).essential of canine and feline electrocardiography 2nd edition Lea-Febiger PP:125-155: | <urn:uuid:2c7af0cc-f3fb-45bd-84c5-676d111e5462> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11196&catId=30767&id=3854356&ind=126&objTypeID=17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.894779 | 450 | 1.765625 | 2 |
A dogma of the Catholic Church is defined as “a truth revealed by God, which the magisterium of the Church declared as binding.” … A tenet of the faith is that the Bible contains many sacred truths, which the faithful recognize and agree with, but which the Church has not defined as dogma.
How does the Catholic Church define truth?
The Catechism of the Catholic Church reads: “Truth as uprightness in human action and speech is called truthfulness, sincerity, or candor. Truth or truthfulness is the virtue which consists in showing oneself true in deeds and truthful in words, and in guarding against duplicity, dissimulation, and hypocrisy” (No.
How is Catholic belief revealed?
Catholicism shares some beliefs with other Christian practices, but essential Catholic beliefs include the following: The Bible is the inspired, error-free, and revealed word of God. Baptism, the rite of becoming a Christian, is necessary for salvation — whether the Baptism occurs by water, blood, or desire.
How are Catholics initiated into Catholic truth?
Catholics are usually confirmed after they have received their first Holy Communion. … When an adult is initiated into the Catholic Church, he or she must receive baptism, confirmation and Holy Communion in that order.
How is truth determined in religion?
The intra-religious truth concerns the supernatural content of religious beliefs and its truth can be determined only from inside of a given religion by a believer through one’s own revelation of God or through appeal to the authority of the divine founder of that religion.
What is God’s Providence Catholic?
Catholic. Augustine of Hippo is perhaps most famously associated with the doctrine of divine providence in the Latin West. … The concept of providence as care exercised by God over the universe, his foresight and care for its future is extensively developed and explained both by Aquinas himself and modern Thomists.
What is truth in the Bible?
Truth is in fact a verified or indisputable fact. We just believe as Christians the facts are laid out in the Bible. We believe every answer to life and the truth on any topic is laid out in the Bible. Jesus was saying to us it is an indisputable fact that I am the Son of God.
What are the main points of Catholicism?
Catholicism is a faith that revolves around the seven sacraments – baptism, reconciliation, Eucharist, confirmation, marriage, holy orders (joining the priesthood) and the sacrament of the sick (once called extreme unction or the last rites).
What is the highest form of religion?
As the religion of Byzantine Empire in the first millennium and of Western Europe during the time of colonization, Christianity has been propagated throughout the world via missionary work. It is the world’s largest religion, with about 2.3 billion followers as of 2015.
How do Catholic and Protestant beliefs differ?
Catholics believe that salvation to eternal life is God’s will for all people. You must believe Jesus was the son of God, receive Baptism, confess your sins, and take part in Holy Mass to obtain this. Protestants believe that salvation to eternal life is God’s will for all people.
What is mortal sin Catholic?
mortal sin, also called cardinal sin, in Roman Catholic theology, the gravest of sins, representing a deliberate turning away from God and destroying charity (love) in the heart of the sinner. … Such a sin cuts the sinner off from God’s sanctifying grace until it is repented, usually in confession with a priest.
Can a Catholic marry a non Catholic?
The Catholic Church recognizes as sacramental, (1) the marriages between two baptized Protestant Christians or between two baptized Orthodox Christians, as well as (2) marriages between baptized non-Catholic Christians and Catholic Christians, although in the latter case, consent from the diocesan bishop must be …
Can you attend Catholic church without being Catholic?
Some people may enjoy attending Mass but do not practice the Catholic faith. The Catholic Church is happy to see people of different faiths attending, but they do request, most often in the service, that only Catholics participate in the Communion portion of the service. … Communion wafers and wine.
What religion is closest to Christianity?
Islam shares a number of beliefs with Christianity. They share similar views on judgment, heaven, hell, spirits, angels, and a future resurrection. Jesus is acknowledged as a great prophet and respected by Muslims. | <urn:uuid:ae5ac0fb-d1b7-49bd-92d7-a9a791cb0a78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allsaintsvabeach.org/catholicism/how-is-the-truth-revealed-in-catholicism.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963835 | 936 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Lessons I Learned On My Journey for Success
Thomas Edison said, “Many of life’s failures are people who didn’t realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” I didn’t want Thomas Edison’s words to define me.
I wrote “Worth the Climb” so that others who have been blocked from reaching the next step to their success might incorporate some of my strategies into their own career plan. My book details the obstacles that blocked me and which strategy worked best.
Some strategies that are discussed are:
• Do an honest self assessment
• Don’t settle – challenge the obstacle
• How to market yourself
• Look beyond the obvious – Where are you? What’s holding you back?
Beginning Strategy: Can I be happy if I don’t feel successful? Have I done everything I can to ensure success? What are my short-term goals? What are my long-term goals? Have I developed a plan to ensure commitment to my goals? These were the questions I asked myself when I began my journey to become successful in Corporate America.
Looking back on my journey today, I wished I had formed a strategy for success in advance. I knew what the end result should be but I didn’t plan for all the obstacles I would face. As each obstacle occurred, my first reactions were anger. It didn’t take me very long to determine that anger wasn’t a good strategy. With the support of family and friends, I was able to push away the bitterness and anger and focus on achieving my goals.
Although I had grown up learning the sting of racism and expected to face obstacles as a woman and as a black woman, even more obstacles, what I wasn’t prepared for was the religious discrimination I faced on my career path to success. I wasn’t sure how to respond. I didn’t want to betray my beliefs nor did I want to anger my college professor and risk failing the religious courses that were required to graduate. I had always been an honor student so this posed quite a dilemma. I decided to meet the professor halfway. We compromised and agreed to disagree when it came to core beliefs.
Today I am happy with the end result of my struggle. I was able to take advantage of the many opportunities presented to me. These opportunities allowed me to close one door and open many more doors. My new life is full of wonderful new challenges and I am armed with new skill sets to meet those challenges.
• I am responsible for my success.
• I am responsible for the outcome of my decisions.
• It’s hard to push forward of you are always looking back.
• It’s better to persevere and look for excellence rather than cling to anger.
• The decisions I make affect others so I must be careful with my choices.
• Keep striving to be the best I can be. If it’s my best, it’s good enough.
“You cannot know the sweetness of success unless you have tasted the bitterness of failure” rang true for me at the end of my journey. | <urn:uuid:b7d0dbc6-0c4d-4f57-9df0-ecdd786d6663> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.audreyjsnyder.com/blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971103 | 665 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Last update: 5 May 2020
This page is about eggs, particularly domestic chicken eggs that we eat.
An egg is essentially the whole bird in a shell (albeit with some assembly required), thereby providing the ultimate nose-to-tail eating2. The only essential nutrient for humans that is absent from eggs is vitamin C1. You could do a lot worse than eating only eggs and an ascorbic acid supplement every now and then. In fact, given the palatability reduction5 and satiety factor4 of whole eggs, most people would probably do a lot better – they’d lose weight and improve their metabolic health – for much the same reasons as why the “potato hack”3 works.
Eggs aren’t completely safe for everyone. Much like with dairy, frequent consumption of eggs does not have a very long evolutionary history7 in the human species, and a small minority are allergic6 and should not consume them.
The relationship between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease is, at best, highly unclear8. Beyond raising both HDL and LDL slightly, it seems to have no effect9. What I find the most concerning about eggs is their level of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is probably only substantially modifiable by improving the nutrition of the chickens that lay them10.
Some measure of caution is advised concerning raw eggs. Eggs contain a protein called avidin, which binds to the vitamin biotin. Prolonged (over 1 year) consumption of at least six raw eggs per day can cause biotin deficiency, at least in cirrhotic individuals11. Asymptomatic, mild deficiency in the context of a low-biotin diet (notably – without egg yolks) is inducable in a month of heavy raw egg white consumption12. Cooking eggs inactivates avidin, albeit in an incomplete manner unless the cooking is very thorough14. In addition, raw egg proteins are harder to digest than cooked13, likely due to the protease inhibitors they contain15. All that said, if you don’t don’t guzzle half a dozen raw eggs every day for months on end, while having liver damage, you’ll probably be fine.
- Dev Biol. 1990 Jun;139(2):292-8. Regulation of ascorbic acid concentration in embryonic chick brain. Wilson JX1.
- Réhault-Godbert S, Guyot N, Nys Y. The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):684. Published 2019 Mar 22. doi:10.3390/nu11030684
- Collier R. This spud’s for you: a two-month, tuber-only diet. CMAJ. 2010;182(17):E781‐E782. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-3719
- Holt, S.H.A. & Brand-Miller, Jennie & Petocz, Peter & Farmakalidis, E. (1995). A Satiety Index of common foods. European journal of clinical nutrition. 49. 675-90.
- Alonso-Alonso M, Woods SC, Pelchat M, et al. Food reward system: current perspectives and future research needs. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(5):296‐307. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv002
- Caubet JC, Wang J. Current understanding of egg allergy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58(2):427‐xi. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2011.02.014
- Xiang H, Gao J, Yu B, et al. Early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(49):17564‐17569. doi:10.1073/pnas.1411882111
- Kuang H, Yang F, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen G. The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis. Cholesterol. 2018;2018:6303810. Published 2018 Aug 23. doi:10.1155/2018/6303810
- J Am Coll Nutr. 2018 Feb;37(2):99-110. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1366878. Epub 2017 Nov 7. Effects of Egg Consumption on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Rouhani MH1,2, Rashidi-Pourfard N3, Salehi-Abargouei A4,5, Karimi M3, Haghighatdoost F1,2.
- Fatty acid composition of eggs produced by hens fed diets containing groundnut, soya bean or linseed. A.C.Beynen https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-5214(04)80026-5
- Am J Clin Nutr. 1968 Feb;21(2):173-82. Human biotin deficiency. A case history of biotin deficiency induced by raw egg consumption in a cirrhotic patient. Baugh CM, Malone JH, Butterworth CE Jr.
- Stratton SL, Henrich CL, Matthews NI, et al. Marginal biotin deficiency can be induced experimentally in humans using a cost-effective outpatient design. J Nutr. 2012;142(1):22‐26. doi:10.3945/jn.111.151621
- J Nutr. 1998 Oct;128(10):1716-22. Digestibility of cooked and raw egg protein in humans as assessed by stable isotope techniques. Evenepoel P1, Geypens B, Luypaerts A, Hiele M, Ghoos Y, Rutgeerts P.
- Durance, Timothy. (2006). Residual Avid in Activity in Cooked Egg White Assayed with Improved Sensitivity. Journal of Food Science. 56. 707 – 709. 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05361.x.
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 1997 Jan;53(1):13-23. Protein proteinase inhibitors from avian egg whites. Saxena I1, Tayyab S. | <urn:uuid:a4a0edda-5963-4085-b244-9fcfa4268857> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.catholiccarnivore.cc/knowledge/eggs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.805298 | 1,358 | 3.140625 | 3 |
below: Looking across al. Jana Pawlla II in central Warsaw.
It was twelve years ago, 2010, that Italian artist Blu painted this large mural.
There are lots of soldiers going through the motions of war and combat but they are all being controlled by strings. Their green helmets have holes in the top to make room for the string.
The picture below clearly shows the puppet strings controlling the actions of the larger than life sized men. Strings on the tops of their heads as well as around the hands and feet.
Another piece of the puzzle fits into place – the symbol on the helmet is that of the euro. Money. What wars are fought over. Capitalism. What pits one group of people against another. Agree? or disagree?
Or rather, the street art of endless. Whenever I see, or think about, his street art, the song ‘Endless Love’ as sung by Lionel Ritchie and Diana Ross comes into my head. Not quite the vision that should be inspired by his work especially since a lot of his images involve weapons, big weapons.
below: No sign of guns in this one though… Queen Elizabeth with hard hat on, ready to work.
Another image that endless uses a lot is a coke can.
below: I don’t think the wonderful picture of the soldier on horseback is by endless.
below: This paste-up was on a wall on Blackall Street.
As I have walked around Melbourne, I have seen a number of paper paste-ups by street artist baby guerilla. I’ve collected the photos that I have taken of these paste-ups in the past month and put them in one blog post. Some of these photos have appeared in previous posts.
below: In downtown Melbourne near a construction site.
below: McLean Alley, just around the corner from the above picture.
below: ‘Attack of the 50 Foot Woman’ 2015. Part of the Big West Festival. A woman is holding a soldier in one hand and a helicopter in the other. Located in Footscray. | <urn:uuid:e91509af-9274-4e42-a10c-44afaf9abf2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eyesonthestreets.blog/tag/soldier/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966376 | 440 | 1.632813 | 2 |
- ANALYSING THE INFLUENCE OF ‘TELEMATICS’ ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE
Abstract: Educational and instructional television programmes are vital to academic achievement. The success of any instructional programme will depend on the instructor's skill in encoding symbols that are meaningful to the audience and on their skill in decoding them. The question therefore is "are the target audience of these programmes exposed to it and if they do, of what use do the targets of these programmes put it. This is however what this survey study investigated using 250 students of Christ the King College and Queen of the Rosary College Onitsha as study groups. The objectives of this study were to find out whether the respondents are exposed to telematics, how often they watch it and also to find out whether exposure to the programme improved their academic performance. The findings revealed that respondents’ academic performance was enhanced through constant exposure to telematics. The study suggested among others that special time should be made available in school curriculum for teachers to summarize and analyse contents of educational and instructional broadcast programmes which students had watched at home. This is with a view to ensuring better utilization of such programmes by students. | <urn:uuid:d7d71216-092c-4602-8b70-9f8234cc140e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.nigeria-education.org/literature/analysing-influence-%E2%80%98telematics%E2%80%99-academic-performance-secondary-school-students-anambra | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960722 | 261 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Go beyond a typical coloring page with this colorful and educational map. The map features 54 states, 5 continents, and many more! Color as many areas as you want and learn about all the world’s countries. The map also comes with 10 wash-out fabric markers. Plenty to finish up your coloring project!
Ink completely disappears on a warm machine wash, so you can learn about and color in the United States Map again and again! A truly sustainable gift!
Measuring 50x33in, it’s the best tablecloth size, as it fits smaller tables or acts as a kids’ zone on part of a bigger table. And it makes a wonderful US Map wall hanging, too!
- Birthday and family parties
- 4th July party activities
- Coloring in activity
- Fun learning
- US State Geography homework
- Daydream journeys | <urn:uuid:fcdece04-283b-4a9a-be4a-d90275b9d208> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jasoncurious.com/usa-coloring-tablecloth-with-washable-fabric-markers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930561 | 185 | 1.875 | 2 |
Regardless of who you are and what you do, the odds are that at some point in your career you’ll find yourself in a toxic workplace. As communication has become more rapid, and social media has brought about a self-obsessed revolution, the number instances of toxicity in the workplace has risen dramatically. The funny thing about toxicity is that it, as you’ll see, it can’t be addressed head-on, but must be combated in more of a grassroots manner.
The fancy term for this is organizational health. It speaks to the fabric upon which your company operates. Healthy organizations don’t just get the results they want, they do it in a way that leaves their employees happy, empowered, and most importantly, motivated. Conversely, organizations that lack health may actually still achieve some of their goals, but they’ll do it in short-sighted fashion. They’ll suffer from high turnover, employees will be burnt out, and constant strife among them will lead to turf wars, bickering, and ultimately dissension that will bring down the ship.
If you’re the former, consider yourself lucky. If you haven’t experienced the latter already, don’t feel left out, you most likely will. As with any significant storm, the best preparation is done when waters are calm. So, let’s arm you to handle any amount of toxicity in the workplace.
As we get started, remember that creating a healthy organization is certainly easier to do when you’re in a senior position, but that doesn’t absolve you from responsibility if you’re in a junior role. Notice how I said “senior” and not “leadership”? We all need to be leaders, regardless of what the title on our business card says.
First and foremost, teams overcome toxicity. A big step toward creating teams that are capable of doing this is establishing clarified goals to ensure that everyone is shooting for the same target. It’s certainly a lot easier said than done. In companies of all size, the idea of clarifying goals is surprisingly difficult. While everyone surely wants to make a strong profit, the goals and values that will get them to that point vary dramatically. It’s vital that you examine and agree upon these values and goals in painstaking detail so that work can be performed in the most effective manner. Achieving value-oriented goals serves as a wonderful motivator and strikes a huge blow to toxicity.
Years ago, I was part of a senior team operating in a highly siloed organization that was incentivized with a bit of a warring tribes type model. You’ll be shocked to learn that it was a toxic work environment with very little trust and incredible chaos. When the executives from the various parts of the business would come together I would ask them two questions. 1. What are your organization’s values? 2. Who is on your team? Two things became clear. First, none of the executives had ever given one thought to their values, and thus could not effectively build trust with their team that allowed them to work collectively. Second, each executive described their team as the people that reported to them. In this instance, my goal was to get them to describe their team as the people in the room, as they needed to be cohesive in order for the company to find long-term success and eliminate this toxicity. (Note: these questions were originally shared with me from Patrick Lencioni’s writing and have served me incredibly well during my career). Without shared values and a strong sense of team, work can simply not achieve things at the level necessary to succeed.
Of course, while teams are well and good, that doesn’t negate each individual’s personal ambitions which are frequently the root of toxicity. To deal with that, we must find common ground and use that to build relationships. You must cultivate teams and instill a strong sense of trust in them. Common ground helps us better relate to other team members and paves the way for a trusting relationship to ensure. Some individuals don’t want common ground. They approach each day as a one-person battle that must be won at all costs. If you’re in a position to do so, eliminate these people from your organization immediately. They’re a cancer that will never cure itself.
Perhaps the most important way to combat this toxicity, however, is to be the leader that you would admire. Example is usually the most effective form of leadership, and this is no exception. If you make it a point to establish ownership of not only your own work but also of your team’s and organization’s work, you set the example of success. You also need to show it by avoiding the traps that contribute to toxicity: gossip, backstabbing, complaining, bickering, revenge. Be above it. Your team will surely take note and follow your example. Frankly, if you don’t do this, you’re part of the problem and deserve to be in the toxic environment.
This of course assumes that your work has personal meaning to you. After all, if your work isn’t accomplishing something that matters to you, you should not be doing it. Sure, we all have bills to pay, but to be an effective leader, you don’t worry about money nearly as much as you worry about time. If your work isn’t breathing life into your time and isn’t worthy of your time, all the money in the world isn’t going to bring you true success.
That leads me to my next point. You may not be able to change it. All of the attributes I just laid out may not be enough to overcome the inertia of toxicity in your company. Then what? You leave. You will never get the time you’re spending back. Further, by staying involved, you are in a sense condoning the toxicity within your company. If you’re not on board with the direction of the company, its goals, and how they’re achieving those goals, assuming you’ve discussed and tried at great length to influence this with your superiors, then you leave. Find something that is worthy of your time and pursue it with reckless ambition.
Toxicity can be tricky, and it can’t be fixed overnight. It certainly takes a heavy dose of patience, but it also represents a great opportunity to put your leadership skills to use. It’s the most screwed up environments that typically produce the most rewarding success. Look at is as a challenge and you’ll move mountains. | <urn:uuid:e39fbb16-ddc5-4311-b80e-8bd68ebbcd44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leadingbythebook.com/chrisbook/thriving-toxic-workplace | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967548 | 1,385 | 1.578125 | 2 |
§ Considered in Committee.
§ (In the Committee.)
§ [Mr. J. W. LOWTHER (Cumberland Penrith) in the Chair.]
§ Clause 12:—
§ (2. 30) THE SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION (Sir WILLIAM ANSON, Oxford University)
, in moving the Amendment standing in Ins name, said ha did not desire to add much to the statement he made on the previous day as to the purport of this 278 Amendment, but he would remind the Committee that the object was to make it perfectly clear that the Municipal or County Council was the local education authority; that the Education Committee wits a consultative committee; that the local education authority was bound to consult the committee, but was not bound to take its advice, or even to wait for that advice, it the advice were delayed or not forthcoming; and that to meet the convenience of the educational work in an area the County Council had nearly unlimited power of delegating its duties to that committee, except in one very important respect, viz., the raising a rate or borrowing money. His hon. friend the Member for East Somerset proposed to strike out the words which would require the local education authority, before exercising its powers, to consider the report, if any, of its education committee. He thought it would, for general reasons, be undesirable to omit Secretary to the these words. He took it that his hon. friend was principally moved by fear last there should by any unnecessary delay in carrying out the educational work of the area. For his own part he thought the words "if any" guarded the local education authority against that contingency; and when matters were urgent the local education authority might proceed without the report of its committee. The powers of delegation which the Government proposed to give were very considerable, and, although at the outset of the scheme there might be difficulties and delays, yet the local education authority and its committee would soon learn what amount of delegation was necessary for the proper administration of an area. But there were two more important considerations than these. The Education Committee was simply a consultative committee. Every matter was to stand referred to it, but the local education authority was not bound to take its advice, It was important that the local education authority should have placed at its disposal the service of the persons best fitted to advise it in the area with which it dealt. Was it desirable then to strike out words which brought home to the Council that it should, except in urgent cases, consider the report of the Education 279 Committee? He had no doubt in his own mind that the County and Borough Councils would be very desirous of getting the best advice and of consulting their committees on all the points on which they were bound to consult them, and would, as a rule, be desirous of taking that advice, even at the cost of some delay in waiting for it. He had no doubt, also, that there would be found throughout the area persons capable of giving advice, who would, although they were employed in a merely consultative capacity, be willing to give their services in that respect. He could not help fearing that if it were distinctly set down in the Bill that the local education authority was under no obligation even to consider the report of its committee it would be a distinct discouragement to the sort of people we wanted on these Education Committees. One other consideration he would press upon the Committee. The omission which his hon. friend proposed carried with it the suggestion that the Education Committee had executive powers, that everything was to stand referred to them; and nothing was said about the Council exercising its power with or without the report of the committee. The Amendment, he thought, would be subject to the charge of ambiguity on a point which he had been particular to clear up the day before—namely, that the executive in educational matters was the local education authority and not the Education Committee. He begged to move.
After the words last inserted, to insert the words (2) All matters relating to the exercise by the Council of their powers under this Act shall stand referred to the Education Committee, and the Council, before exercising such powers, shall consider the report (if any) of the Education Committee with respect to the matter in question. The Council may also delegate to the Education Committee, with or without any restrictions or conditions, as they think fit, any of their powers under this Act, except the power of raising a rate or borrowing money."—(Sir William Anson.)
§ Question proposed be there inserted."
§ LORD EDMUND FITZMAURICE (Wiltshire, Cricklade)
did not hesitate 280 to say that the Amendment, which almost amounted to a new Clause, would be welcomed on that side of the House. He had placed on the Paper Amendments identical in form almost, and certainly identical in substance, When the Bill was first considered, hon. Members on that side were alarmed at what appeared to them to be the too large measure of independence given to the Education Committees, and there was a general wish on that side of the House to modify that provision. There were three models which might have been followed in regard to the relations of a body like a County Council, or the Council of a large borough, with regard to a committee. There was the ordinary committee of a County or Borough Council, which had no executive authority, but was simply advisory—a body which could not act on its own initiative but had to refer everything it did to the parent body for confirmation and action; next, there were statutory committees such as the Watch Committees, which were practically independent in regard to police, and the Asylum Committees, which represented various Councils and Boroughs, and enjoyed an exceedingly large independence. There were also Joint Committees controlling the county police. The last of these examples seemed to have inspired the promoters of the Bill. In addition, however, there was another class of committees, and hon. Members on that side of the House wondered why the Government had not taken them as models, since they existed chiefly in regard to educational matters. Accordingly, the Amendment which he placed on the Paper was practically a revival of the words of the Technical Instruction Act, and he was glad to say that on that principle there seemed now to be something like agreement. They had now had ten or eleven years' experience of the working of that Act, and the most satisfactory result had accrued. They were indebted to the Government for having met the views of the House, and of a large body of the public opinion outside, which desired, while giving full latitude to committees to deal with small matters, that in regard to greater questions, such as the fixing of rates, the borrowing of money 281 and capital expenditure on the schools, they should follow the precedent of the Technical Instruction Act.
§ MR. CHAPLIN (Lincolnshire, Sleaford)
asked the Government if there was any objection to the insertion of the words "except the power of raising a rate or borrowing money" after the word "Act." If the committee was not to have the power of raising money it should be clearly stated in the Clause. Personally, he had always been greatly in favour of the County Council being made the local authority, because he hoped it would tend to economy, but he was not quite sure about the committees to be appointed under this Bill.
Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment as amended—
After the word 'Act' to insert the words 'except power of raising a rate or borrowing money.'"—(Mr. Chaplin.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there inserted in the proposed Amendment."
§ THE PRIME MINISTER AND FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY (Mr. A.J. BALFOUR, Manchester, E.)
said he had no objection to the Amendment. It was quite clear that the education authority ought to be consulted as to the amount of money that was required to carry out the schemes to which the education authority was asked to agree. No doubt the question of raising a rate or borrowing money was a matter which did not concern the committee at all.
§ MR. M'KENNA (Monmouthshire, N.)
asked for a legal definition of the words "stand referred" in the Amendment of the Secretary to the Board of Education. It appeared to him the obvious meaning was that the local education authority would have no power to act in any matter at all until that matter had been referred to and dealt with by the Education Committee. If that were so, then he thought the additional Amendment of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Sleaford was necessary.
THE: ATTORNEY GENERAL (Sir ROBERT FINLAY, Inverness Burghs)
said 282 the intention was that before action was taken on any matter, opportunity must be given to the local committee to, report on it.
§ SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT (Morimouthshire, W.)
That means that under no circumstances can the local education authority take independent action.
§ SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
I certainly understood the Attorney General to say that their action was to be dependent on having a report from the committee. They are not to act without first sending the matter to the committee.
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said they were bound to send the matter to the Education Committee, which could report if it chose, but the local education authority's action in the absence of a report would be quite untrammelled.
§ SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
Is it a condition precedent to the action of the education authority that they should send it to the committee? Can they act without sending it to the committee?
SIR ROBERT FINALY
The effect of the word is that ipso facto the matter shall be referred to the Education Committee in practice, with or without their report the local education authority can take such action as it many think fit.
SIR JOSEPH- LEESE (Lancashire, Accrington)
said that under the Clause there were two functions—one of reference, the other of delegation. As he understood it, the local education authority would be able to delegate certain powers and duties inherited under Clause 6 from School Boards and school attendance Committees to the committee, a delegation which would, have, he presumed, to be approved by the Board of Education. Then there would be left certain other powers and duties w Inch came under the head of "reference." The committee would be asked to report on these referred matters 283 before the local education authority could take action. The Bill put the Reference before the Delegation. He thought it should be the other way about.
§ SIR FRANCIS POWELL (Wigan)
took it that the first part of the Amendment gave the committee a "right of audience," such as had been granted in schemes to the headmasters of great schools, enabling them to attend and place their veiws before the governing bodies. Assuming that that was the correct interpretation of the Amendment, the local education authority would have the entire power of delegation, and if it did so delegate its duties the committee would be able to act immediately, possessing as it did, full authority from the superior body. Although the word "consultation" had been used in the debate, he thought the powers possessed by the committee would be more analogous to those enjoyed by Corporation committees which dealt with building, sanitary, and kindred matter. The Council or Corporation reserved to itself the power of conforming the action of the Council, and that, he took it, would be the case with the committee set up under this Clause.
§ SIR JAMES WOODHOUSE (Hudders-field)
said he was in favour of the principle of the Government Amendment.
Order, order, The Amendment of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Sleaford is now before the Committee.
§ MR A. J. BALFOUR
We are quite willing to accept that. We had Letter do so, and thus clear the way for the discussing of the Amendment of my hon. friend the Secretary to the Board of Education.
§ (3.0.) Sin JAMES WOODHOUSE
thought the words of the Amendment moved by his right hon. friend the Member for Sleaford were totally unnecessary. He desired to make two or three observations on the Amendment which was proposed by the Secretary to the Board of Education.
§ MH. BRYCE (Aberdeen, S.)
contended that the words of the right hon. Gentleman did not improve the proposal of the Government at all, because they were acts which could only be clone by the Council and would not come under the reference as a matter of course.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said that although the change was not a very great one it was in the right direction.
MR. BRYNMOR JONES (Swansea, District)
said his right hon. friend was hardly correct in saying that the powers reserved to the County Council were broader than those contained in the Amendment. He understood that the object of the Government was to give a free hand to the local education authority in the raising of the rates and the borrowing of the money.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE (Carnarvon Boroughs)
said if this committee was not to consider the raising of the rate and how much money was to be borrowed, what could it do? The result of putting in these words would be that this committee could not consider the rate to be levied to carry out its own policy, and its own recommendations would have to be referred to the Finance Committee. What harm could there be in a committee of this sort considering their own expenditure? Why should they not be allowed to consider it?
contended that in the event of the committee not reporting, the local education authority would not be able to raise a rate to carry out the liability imposed upon them under Clause G. He heartily agreed with the Amendment.
§ Question put and agreed to.
MR. BRYNMOR JONES
said that as the matter stood, except as to the raising of the rates and the borrowing of money, all the powers conferred upon the local education authority must be referred automatically to the Education Committee before any executive action could be taken by the County Council. 285 He did not see why this should be made obligatory. That the County Council, whether in the case of provided or non-provided schools, would take the opportunity of inquiring from the Education Committe what its advice would be was practically certain, but he could conceive cases in which the local authority would have to act with speed. Surely it would be better for the smooth working of the Act that it should not be compelled in all cases, except in financial matters, to refer to the Council but should exercise its own discretion. He begged to move.
Amendment-proposed to the proposed Amendment—
In line 2, to leave out the words 'shall stand.' in order to insert the words 'may be.'" —Mr. Brynmor Jones.
§ Question proposed, "That the words 'shall stand' stand part of the proposed amendment."
§ SIR WILLIAM ANSON
said this Amendment struck very deep at the object of the Bill. They desired to obtain for the local authority the best assistance the district could afford. If people who could give such assistance were willing to serve it was important that the advice of the Education Committee would come form a body which had the whole educational policy of the area before it. Everything ought to be referred to the Education Committee, and then they would be able to give such advice as the local education authority might very well follow.
§ SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
said that this question depended upon the constitution they were going to make of these advisory bodies. If, as a great many hon. Members desired, a large proportion of the Education Committee consisted id members of the council, then they would have the advantage of the knowledge mid experience of those members. If they were going to give, as they ought to give on these advisory bodies, a majority which would consist of members of the Council, then they would have a voice in any decision which the Council might take. If they were really going to give to the Council power which the education authority might to have, they ought 286 not to exclude them from any independent action in the first instance which they thought fit to take. It was an unnecessary derogation from their authority to say they should never act without referring this matter to the authority. Therefore, why exclude them altogether except under circumstances in which the supreme education authority might think fit to take the matter into its own hands. One could conceive local circumstances which would make it highly desirable that the education authority, in some instances, should keep its power to deal with these matters on its own initiation.
§ MR. WHITLEY (Halifax)
said his objection was not so much to the word "shall" but to "stand." Suppose, for instance, that there was a complaint of the violation of the Conscience Clause in a certain school. That complaint would have to be forwarded to the Education Committee, and they might smother it if they desired and not report it to the Council at all. The Council, having no report, would have no knowledge of the question which had been raised, and it would take away from the Council the power of hearing an appeal on some question that had been raised. He did not wish action to be taken without reference to the committee unless it had failed to deal with some matter. His objection was not to the word "shall," but to the word "stand." He suggested that it might be altered to "shall be referral," for that would enable the. Council to send the appeal with an instruction to deal with it. In this House they sometimes gave an instruction to a Committee, but by the wording put forward by the Government he took it that action of that kind would be impossible if the word "Stand" remained in the Clause. It would then be within the official knowledge of the Council, before being referred to the Committee, so that if the committee failed to do their duty in reporting on the matter, the Council would be able to take action to remedy the neglect of the committee.
§ MR. STEVENSON (Suffolk, Eye)
said there was no doubt that in the vast majority of cases the Comity Council would consult the Education Committee, but there might be cases where the County Council would desire to act at once without a reference of that kind. Other- 287 wise a matter which must be disposed of in a few minutes would have to come before the County Council at one of its quarterly meetings. By the Amendment as it now stood it would be referred to the Education Committee, and probably, owing to the technicalities, it would not come before the County Council until a meeting three months after that. As a matter of fact there might be instances in which it would be highly desirable that the County Council should act at once. He hoped the Government would accept the Amendment that "shall stand" should be altered to "may be."
§ SIR JOHN BRUNNER (Cheshire, Northwich)
asked the Attorney General whether the words as they stood might have the effect of excluding from the knowledge of the council any matter referred to the Education Committee.
§ SIR JOHN BRUNNER
said he understood that nothing could come before the Council except upon a report from the committee. The ordinary course in the conduct of the proceedings of public bodies was that a matter should in the first instance come before the council. What would be the effect in the first instance of these words?
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said the matter would be communicated to the clerk of the council and he would be bound to send it to the Education Committee. The committee might report, and if they reported, of course, that report would be considered, but if they did not report at all the local education authority might act entirely for themselves. [An HON. MEMBER "No."] The words were "and the council, before exercising any such prayers, shall consider the report (if any) of the Education Committee with respect to the matter in question." [An HON. MEMBER "They are not bound to report."] The committee might not report, but he apprehended that they always would report. The Government had provided for the possibility of the Education Committee delaying action. If after a reasonable time there was no report, the County Council would take the matter into their own hands and deal with it.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
said the explanation given on behalf of the Government was better than the statement in the Bill. There was nothing in the Amendment that would indicate that the lapse of time made any difference at all. All it said was that the Council "shall consider the report (if any)." What was a reasonable time? If the council had absolute power why should not that be stated here? One thing was clear from the statement of the Attorney General, and that was that the Council had no initiative in the matter, Suppose a letter came with regard to the Conscience Clause, or it might be with regard to the affairs of a voluntary school, it would be sent by the clerk of the council to the committee. It would stand referred to the committee without any action on the part of the Council. He did not think that should be the case at all. He asked the Prime Minister or the Parliamentary Secretary to state whether the council would have the power of giving an instruction to this committee with regard to the carrying out of their functions. According to the Amendment the report of the committee was a condition precedent on any action on the part of the council, and according to the Attorney General they could only act either after a report had been received, or after a reasonable time had elapsed without the committee reporting. How could they give an instruction if that was the case?
§ MR. LLOYD - GEORGE
said they could only act in the two contingencies stated by the Attorney General, and if that was the case they could not give an instruction to the committee at all.
§ SIR WILLIAM ANSON
said the matter might be referred to the Education Committee with an instruction accompanying the delegating power to act for the Council.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
said it did not come before the council at all. That was exactly the difference between his hon. friend's Amendment and that of 289 the hon. Baronet. The hon. Baronet's Amendment said—All mat lets relating to the exercise by the Council of their powers under this Act shall stand referred to the Education Committee, and the Council, before exercising any such powers, shall consider the report (if any)of the Education Committee with respect to the matter in question.If a letter were addressed to the Clerk of the County Council with regard to an infringement of the Conscience Clause it would "stand referred" to the Education Committee, and thereafter it could only come before the Council in the two ways indicated by the Attorney General, assuming the hon. and learned Gentleman's interpretation to be correct, but that was a matter on which he respectfully differed from him. If the intention of the Government was that it should come before the Council they ought to alter these words, because by the Amendment as it stood they were simply courting delay. By referring a matter first to the Education Committee, then to the County Council, and afterwards on appeal to the Board of Education, a period of twelve months Wright elapse before a final decision could be obtained.
§ SIR JOHN DORINGTON (Gloucester, Tewkesbury)
said the hon. Member's Amendment would do exactly the opposite of what he desired to have done, namely, to expedite matters.
§ SIR JOHN DORINGTON
said the Amendment before the Committee was to insert the words "may be." By adopting these words they would get into the very difficulty with regard to delay which they wished to avoid. He supported the view that the words of the Clause should be "shall stand" and not "may be."
§ MR. WHITLEY
asked whether the Government would be prepared to accept the word "be" instead of "stand."
§ Amendment to the proposed Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment, as amended—
"to leave out the word 'stand,' and insert the word be.'"— (Mr. Whitley.)
§ Question proposed, "That the word 'stand' stand part of the proposed Amendment."
§ (3.30.) SIR JOHN BRUNNER
said that if the words "shall be" were in the Bill he understood that all matters would be referred by the Council to the committee, who would then proceed to take action. If the Attorney General were to say that the alteration of "stand" to "be" would have that effect, he would be satisfied.
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said that if "stand" was used, the reference was dogmatic, but if "be" was used it only imposed another step.
§ SIR JOHN BRUNNER
said it was quite a common thing for a local authority to instruct their clerk to refer a matter sent to him to a committee.
§ MR. BRYCE
said that the difficulty of his hon. friend the Member for the Northwich Division evidently was that the County Council might not know the matter that was referred to—that the machinery of the Amendment would be much too automatic. Was there anything in the words of the Amendment which would prevent a general instruction being given to the clerk?
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
thought it was clear that the Council might order their clerk to inform them at their next meeting of all that had been done.
§ SIR JAMES WOODHOUSE (Huddersfield)
said that for the first time in the history of local government and legislation upon it by this House, it was proposed to say that the local authority should not deal with any question of 291 which it was the ultimate arbiter and judge, until a subordinate portion of the authority had first considered it. In no other branch of local Government dealt with by any of the great municipal corporations or County Councils of the country, or by any poor-law authorities of the country could they find laid down in any legislation that the major authority should not deal with any business until a subordinate portion of that authority had first dealt with it. That was the principle of the proposal made by the Government.
§ SIR JAMES WOODHOUSE
said that the question was whether the word "stand" should be allowed to form part of the original Amendment. The effect, of allowing the word "stand" to remain would be that all matters before being considered by the local authority should be first considered by the Committee.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said he did not wish to interrupt the hon. Gentleman, but it seemed to him that the hon. Gentleman's argument, whatever its value might be, would be equally applicable to the original Clause and the Clause as amended.
§ SIR JAMES WOODHOUSE
said he was afraid the right hon. Gentleman did not see the effect of the original or substituted words. The substituted words would make this difference, that it would cause the matter to come before the local authority, and the local authority could express its opinion upon it by way of instruction to the committee. He asked all those hon. Members in the House—and he saw a good many on both sides—who had great experience in local government, either in municipal corporations or County Councils, what they would think if on any other question of local Government, their County Councils or municipal corporations were debarred from considering a subject at their meetings until it had first been considered and reported on by a subordinate authority or a committee. He did not believe that it was worth the while of the right hon. 292 Gentleman to insist on these words, because they all knew that the practice of the local authorities was to refer all matters to the particular committees which dealt with them. There was a provision in the Municipal Corporations Act that all questions to be considered by committees should first come before the Corporation. Surely they could trust such great local authorities as the Corporations of Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham, to say whether or not a committee should consider a particular matter first. But by this Clause the Government said "No, the corporation must not consider it until the committee has first done so."
§ SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
said he hoped the Government would consider the appeal made by the hon. Member for Huddersfield, who was such a high authority on the subject of local government. He was sure that the object of the Government must be to conciliate those great local authorities. Why in the world should they not have the power of reference to these committees? It should be remembered what these committees Would be. They would be largely aliens to the primary authority, because they were to consist, to a great degree, of outsiders, and ashy give a greater prerogative to a part than to the while? Was that a wise thing to do? Did the Government think dot that would induce those local bodies to look with more favour on the administration of this Bill? What the word "stanch" excluded was the power of the local authority to direct the committee. Take the case of a complaint under the Conscience Clause. The local authority might think that that was a matter which should be speedily decided, but, as the Clause of the Government stood, the local authority could not send the matter to the committee with instruction to look immediately into the matter and report at once, and as the local authority only met once in three months the delay would be very serious. This question went to the root principle of the power of the local authorities in this country.
§ MR. WHITLEY
said he wished to point out the difference between the effect of the word "shall" and the word "be." The Attorney General would not deny the proposition that the word 293 "stand" prevented the access of the ratepayers direct to the Council which they had elected. The representation of the ratepayers would automatically be referred to the committee and it would only come within the knowledge of the Connell which it was reported on by the committee. What he wished to protect was the right of the rate payers to have access to the men they had elected.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said he thought the object of the hon. Member would he better carried out by the word "stand." The hon. Member aimed at two things—in the first place, that the education authority should he seized of what was going on; and, in the second place, that there should be no undue delay. Under the word "stand," the Education Authority would be seized of what was on, and could of course, discuss what Was going on. If the word "be" were substituted for "stand," that would be introducing another link in the general administrative chain, which could only lead to delay. Take the case of a matter, regarding which authority had been delegated to the committee. Under the word "stand," it would go before the Council and before the committee; the Council might not meet for two in, three months, but meantime the committee would consider it. If the case were of a different character, and dealt in a matter not delegated, then it would go at mice before the committee, and before the County Council as soon as it met. The Council would await the report of the committee before taking action, and, if that report were too long delayed, it would take action oil its own account. What could he more simple, or more expeditious, or what could more amply secure both the administrative autonomy stud power of the education authority, and, at the same time, the advisory position and dignity of the Education Committee? He hoped the hon. Member would not press the matter to a division.
§ which the First Lord of the Treasury had lost sight of. He agreed that it was most important that the Education Committee should have power delegated to it, between meetings of the County Council; but the right hon. Gentleman did not realize the importance of reserving power to the County Council to raise any question it liked.
§ MR. JOSEPH A. PEASE
said that, if the word "stand" were retained, no Member of the County Council would be allowed to move a resolution in reference to a matter delegated to the Committee.
§ MR. JOSEPH A. PEASE
said that that was the practice in County Councils. The Chairman would declare any such resolution out of order; whereas, if the word "be" were inserted; it would reserve to members of the County Council, the same power that they had over all other matters of local government. Therefore, it was very important that the word "be" should be substituted.
§ MR. HUMPHREYS-OWEN (Montgomeryshire)
said he would not have intervened were it not for the interruption of the First Lord of the Treasury during his hon. friend's remarks. His hon. friend had stated the practice correctly. If a resolution were brought forward on a subject which load been referred to the committee, then the general sense of the Council would refuse to entertain it on the ground that it was before the committee, and that it would be only waste of time to consider it.
§ (3.48) Question put.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 200; Noes 100. (Division List, No.479.)297
|Agg-Gardner. James Tynte||Arkwright, John Stanhope||Balcarres, Lord|
|Agnew, Sir Ardrew Noel||Arnold-Forster, Hugh O.||Balfour, Rt. Hon. A.J. (Manch'r|
|Allhusen, Augustus H'nry Eden||Atkinson, Rt. Hon. John||Balfour, RtHn Gerald W.(Leeds|
|Anson, Sir William Reynell||Bain, Colonel James Robert||Balbury, Frederick George|
|Archdale, Edward Mervyn||Baird, John George Alexander||Bartley, George C. T.|
|Beckett, Ernest William||Greene, W. Raymond-(Cambs.||Nicol, Donald Ninian|
|Bentinck, Lord Henry C.||Gretton, John||Nolan, Col. John P. (Galway, N.)|
|Beresford, Lord Charles William||Groves, James Grimble||O'Doherty, William|
|Bhownaggree, Sir M. M.||Guest, Hon. Ivor Churchill||Orr-Ewing, Charles Lindsay|
|Bignold, Arthur||Hain, Edward||Palmer, Walter (Salisbury)|
|Bill, Charles||Halsey, Et. Hon. Thomas F.||Parker, Sir Gilbert|
|Blundell, Colonel Henry||Hanbury, Rt. Hon. Robert Wm.||Parkes, Ebenezer|
|Bond, Edward||Hare, Thomas Leigh||Pemberton, John S. G.|
|Boscawen, Arthur Griffith-||Harris, Frederick Leverton||Plummer, Walter R.|
|Brodrick, Rt. Hon. St. John||Haslett, Sir James Horner||Powell, Sir Francis Sharp|
|Brookfield, Colonel Montagu||Hatch, Ernest Frederick Geo.||Pretyman, Ernest George|
|Brotherton, Edward Allen||Heaton, John Henniker||Pryce-Jones, Lt.-Col. Edward|
|Brown, Alexander H.(Shropsh.||Helder, Augustus||Purvis, Robert|
|Brymer, William Ernest||Hermon-Hodge, Sir Robert T.||Rankin, Sir James|
|Bullard, Sir Harry||Hickman, Sir Alfred||Rasch, Major Frederic Carne|
|[...]ampbell, Rt Hn. J.A.(Glasgow||Higginbottont, S. W.||Rattigan, Sir William Henry|
|Carew, James Lawrence||Hoare, Sir Samuel||Reid, James (Greenock)|
|Carson, Rt. Hon. Sir Edw. H.||Hobhouse, Henry (Somerset,E.||Renwick, George|
|Cavendish, V. C. W. (Derbyshire||Hogg, Lindsay||Ridley, Hn. M. W. (Stalybridge)|
|Cayzer, Sir Charles William||Hope, J. E.(Shefileld, Brightside||Ritchie, Rt. Hn. Chas. Thomson|
|Cecil, Evelyn (Aston Manor)||Horner, Frederick William||Ropner, Colonel Robert|
|Chamberlain, Rt. Hon.J.(Birm.||Hoult, Joseph||Round, Rt. Hon. James|
|Chamberlain, Rt HnJA(Worc'r||Howard, John (Kent, Fav'rsh'm||Royds, Clement Molyneux|
|Chaplin, Rt. Hon. Henry||Howard, J. (Midd., Tottenham)||Sackville, Col. S. G. Stopford|
|Chapman, Edward||Hutton, John (Yorks, N.R.)||Sadler, Col. Samuel Alexander|
|Clive, Captain Percy A.||Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse||Samuel, Harry S. (Limehouse)|
|Cochrane, Hon. Thos. H. A. E.||Jeffreys, Rt. Hon. Arthur Fred.||Scott, Sir S. (Marylebone, W.|
|Coghill, Douglas Harry||Johnstone, Heywood||Sharpe, William Edward T.|
|Cohen, Benjamin Louis||Kemp, George||Sinclair, Louis (Rumford)|
|Collings, Rt. Hon. Jesse||Kennaway, Rt. Hon. Sir John H.||Smith, Abel H. (Hertford, East)|
|Colston, Chas. Edw. H. Athole||Kenyon, Hon. Geo.T.(Denbigh)||Smith, HC(North'mb. Tyneside|
|Cox, Irwin Edward Bainbridge||Kenyon-Slaney, Col. W. (Salop.||Smith, James Parker (Lanarks.|
|Crossley, Sir Savile||Kimber, Henry||Smith, Hon. W. F. D. (Strand|
|Dalrymple, Sir Charles||Law, Andrew Bonar (Glasgow)||Spear, John Ward|
|Denny, Colonel||Lawson, John Grant||Stanley, Edward Jas.(Somerset|
|Dickson-Poynder, Sir John P.||Lecky, Rt. Hn. William Edw. H.||Stewart, Sir Mark J.M'Taggart|
|Dorington, Rt. Hon. SirJohnE.||Lee, Arthur H. (Hants, Fareham||Stone, Sir Benjamin|
|Duke, Henry Edward||Legge, Col. Hon. Heneage||Strutt, Hon. Charles Hedley|
|Darning-Lawrence, Sir Edwin||Llewellyn, Evan Henry||Talbot, Lord E. (Chichester)|
|Dyke, Rt. Hon. Sir William Hart||Loder, Gerald Waller Erskine||Talbot, RtHn JG(Oxf'd univ|
|Elliot, Hon. A. Ralph Douglas||Long, Col. Charles W. (Evesham||Thornton, Perey M.|
|Faber, George Denison (York)||Long, Rt. Hn. Walter(Bristol,S.||Tritton, Charles Ernest|
|Fardell, Sir T. George||Lonsdale, John Brownlee||Tufnell, Lieut.-Col. Edward|
|Fellowes, Hon. Ailwyn Edward||Loyd, Archie Kirkman||Tuke, Sir John Batty|
|Fergusson, Rt. Hn SirJ.(Manc'r.||Lucas, Reginald J. (Portsmouth||Valentia, Viscount|
|Fielden, Edward Brocklehurst||Macdona, John Cumming||Walrond, Rt. Hn. Sir William H.|
|Finch, George H.||MacIver, David (Liverpool)||Welby, Lt-Col. A. C. E(Taunton|
|Einlay,Sir Robert Bannatyne||M`Iver, Sir Lewis(Edinburgh, W||Welby, Sir Charles G. E.(Notts.)|
|Fisher, William Hayes||M`Killop, James (Stirlingshire||Whiteley, H.(Asht'n-und-Lyne|
|Fison, Frederick William||Maxwell, WJH (Dumfriesshire)||Williams, RtHnJ Powell (Birm|
|Fitzroy, Hon. Edward Algernon||Meysey-Thompson, Sir H. M.||Willox, Sir John Archibald|
|Fletcher, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry||Middlemore, John Throgmorton||Wilson, A. Stanley(York, E. R.)|
|Flower, Ernest||Mildmay, Francis Bingham||Wodehouse, RtHn. E. R. (Bath)|
|Forster, Henry William||Milner, Rt.Hn. Sir Frederick G.||Worsley-Taylor, Henry Wilson|
|Foster, Philips.(Warwick,S.W||Moon, Edward Robert Pacy||Wortley, Rt Hon. C. B. Stuart-|
|Gardner, Ernest||More, Robt. Jasper(Shropshire)||Wrightson, Sir Thomas|
|Garth, William||Morgan, DavidJ (Walthamstow||Wylie, Alexander|
|Gibbs, Hn. Vicary (St. Albans)||Morrell, George Herbert||Wyndham, Rt. Hon. George|
|Godson, Sir Augustus Frederick||Morton, Arthur H. Aylmer||Wyndham-Quin, Major W. H.|
|Gore, Hon. S. F. Ormsby-(Linc.||Mount, William Arthur|
|Goulding, Edward Alfred||Murray, RtHn. A.Graham (Bute||TELLERS FOR. THE AYES—|
|Gray, Ernest (West Ham)||Murray, Charles J. (Coventry)||Sir Alexander Acland-|
|Greene, SirE.W(B'ryS.Edm'nds||Myers, William Henry||Hood and Mr. Anstruther.|
|Abraham, William (Rhondda)||Brown, George M. (Edinburgh)||Cawley, Frederick|
|Allan, Sir William (Gateshead)||Brunner, Sir John Tomlinson||Charming, Francis Allston|
|Allen, Charles P. (Glouc.,Stroud||Bryce, Ht. Hon. James||Davies, Alfred (Carmarthen)|
|Ashton, Thomas Gair||Burt, Thomas||Davies, M.Vaughan-(Cardigan|
|Asquith, Rt. Hn. Herbert Henry||Caine, William Sproston||Dlike, Rt. Hon. Sir Charles|
|Bayley, Thomas (Derbyshire)||Caldwell, James||Douglas, Charles M. (Lanark)|
|Brigg, John||Cameron, Robert||Duncan, J. Hastings|
|Broadhurst, Henry||Campbell-Bannerman, Sir H.||Edwards, Frank|
|Elibank, Master of||Lloyd-George, David||Shaw, Charles Edw. (Stafford)|
|Ellis, John Edward||Logan, John William||Shaw, Thomas (Hawick B.)|
|Evans, Samuel T. (Glamorgan)||M`Kenna, Reginald||Shipman, Dr. John G.|
|Farquharson, Dr. Robert||Mansfield, Horace Rendall||Sinclair, John (Forfarshire)|
|Fenwick, Charles||Markham, Arthur Basil||Sloan, Thomas Henry|
|Gladstone, Rt. HnHerbertJohn||Mellor, Rt. Hon. John William||Soames, Arthur Wellesley|
|Goddard, Daniel Ford||Morley, Charles (Breconshire)||Soares, Ernest J.|
|Griffith, Ellis J.||Moss, Samuel||Spencer, Rt Hn C.R.(Northants|
|Gurdon, Sir W. Brampton||Norton, Capt. Cecil William||Stevenson, Francis S.|
|Harcourt, Rt. Hon, Sir William||Nussey, Thomas Willans||Srachey, Sir Edward|
|Harwood, George||Palmer, Sir CharlesM.(Durham||Thomas, Sir A. Glamorgan,E.)|
|Hayne, Rt. Hon. Charles Seale||Partington, Oswald||Thomas, David Alfred (Merthyr|
|Hayter, Rt. Hon. Sir Arthur D.||Paulton, James Mellor||Thomas, F. Freeman-(Hastings|
|Helme, Norval Watson||Pease, J. A. (Saffron Walden.)||Thomas, JA(Glamorg'n, Gower|
|Hemphill, Rt. Hon. Charles H.||Philipps, John Wynford||Trevelyan, Charles Philips|
|Holland, Sir William Henry||Price, Robert John||Wason, Eugene|
|Hope, John Deans (Fife, West)||Priestley, Arthur||White, Luke (York, E.R.)|
|Horniman, Frederick John||Rea, Russell||Whiteley, George (York, W. R)|
|Hutton, Alfred E. (Morley)||Reid, Sir R. Threshie (Dumfries)||Williams, Osmond(Merioneth)|
|Jacoby, James Alfred||Rickett, J. Compton||Wilson, Henry J. (York, W. R.)|
|Jones, David Brynmor(Swansea||Rigg, Richard||Woodhouse, Sir J T. (Huddersf'd|
|Kearley, Hudson E.||Roberts, John Bryn (Eifion)||Yoxall, James Henry|
|Lambert, George||Robertson, Edmund (Dundee)|
|Layland-Barratt Francis||Roe, Sir Thomas|
|Leese, Sir Joseph F. (Accrington||Runciman, Walter||TELLERS FOR THE NOES—|
|Leng, Sir John||Schwann, Charles E.||Mr. Whitley and Mr.|
|Levy, Maurice||Shackleton, David James||Humphreys-Owen.|
§ (4.5.) MR. SAMUEL EVANS (Glamorganshire, Mid.)
said the Amendment which he now proposed to move was necessary, if not almost consequential. He moved to insert after the word "committee" the words "who shall consider the same forthwith and report thereon with despatch to the Council." It was unnecessary to make any long observations with regard to this Amendment, because the necessity for it had been duly pointed out in the speeches made upon the previous Amendments. The object was to prevent delay: and the principle that there should not be much delay having been laid down, there was no reason why the principle should not be put into the Bill by the insertion of these words. He hoped the Government would see their way to accept the Amendment he now begged to move.
Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment—
in line 2, after the word 'committee' to insert the words 'who shall consider the same forthwith and report thereon with dispatch to the council.'"—(Mr. Samuel Evans.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there inserted in the proposed Amendment."
§ MR. CHANNING (Northamptonshire, E.),
in supporting the Amendment, said there was one very important question which he would be glad if the Government could enlighten 298 the House upon. How often would the County Committees be prepared to sit? Those who were acquainted with the procedure of the School Boards would know that, as a rule, a School Board met fortnightly and that in the alternate weeks the various committees of the Board met to deal with current matters. If this matter was to be left vague and uncertain there was great force in the Amendment. If, on the other hand, they were to understand that the committee would be called together at not too great intervals of time, then they would know that these matters would be automatically considered and reported on within a reasonable time. He hoped the Government would throw some light upon this matter.
said he understood that if there was any delay the County Council could act on its own initiative; but he did not think that appeared on the face of this Amendment of the Secretary to the Board of Education. Would the hon. Gentleman make that clear by the insertion of words?
§ MR. BRYCE
said the difficulty under which they had laboured with these committees in the last three Amendments had been the same, and that was that these committees would be given a quite independent position. If it was to be a committee of the County Council in the ordinary sense, and one that could be 299 told when to report, a committee with regard to which the County Council could dismiss some of the members if they chose, these difficulties could not arise. The Government in this case would see that some uncertainty existed in the minds of the education authorities in the country, and he desired to know whether the local education authorities would be able to give general powers to these committees. He thought many of these difficulties would not arise in practice, because in most cases the matter would be settled by the delegation given in another portion of the Clause. But as this was a power of reference he thought it was desirable that the Attorney General should express the views of the Government clearly.
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said the hon. Member for East Northamptonshire had asked how often it was contemplated the Education Committee were going to meet. That, of course, must depend upon the amount of business they had to do. He rather deprecated laying down a hard and fast line for all parts of the country, but he should say they would meet as often as the School Board did now. With regard to the question of the hon. Member for Carnarvon as to the initiative of the County Council under given circumstances, and to the question of the right hon. Member for South Aberdeen, what was contemplated was this; if the report did not come up in proper time the local education authority itself should act, and he would suggest to the consideration of hon. Members whether some such words as these would not remove all doubt in the matter. The Clause would then read thus:—All matters relating to the exercise by the Council of their powers under this Act shall stand referred to the Education Committee, and the Council, before exercising any such powers, shall, unless in their opinion the Matter is urgent, receive and consider the report (if any) of the Education Committee with respect to the matter in question.
§ MR. SAMUEL EVANS
pointed out that, except by implication, these words did not tell the committees that they were to report. His Amendment said they 300 were to "report with despatch" to the authority. He regretted the Government would not accept the Amendment.
§ Question put and negatived.
§ MR. HENRY HOBHOUSE (Somersetshire, E.)
said that owing to the very recent time in which the Clause had been remodelled by the Government, it had been impossible for those representing County Councils to consider it in its new shape. The hon. Gentleman the Secretary of the Board of Education had said the County Councils would be their own executive. He submitted that in large counties it would be practically impossible for them to be their own executive in educational matters, Owing to the size of the Councils, and the working of this Bill, it would be impossible to carry it out, unless there was a large amount of delegation. There were many details which no County Councils would require to have brought before them, and if these committees were to have to report all the details, the agenda would become most voluminous. The words of the Amendment as they stood would make many eases play into the hands of obstructionists on the Councils, and reports might be delayed in matters with which immediate action was necessary. The question of consent to the appointment of a teacher, for instance, was a matter which could not be delayed for months until the Council could deal with it; it required to he dealt with at once by the committee. If every matter of that kind, which in. ninety-nine cases out of a hundred would not raise any question of fierce controversy or political difference, had to be delayed until it could be brought before the whole,. Council, administration would be greatly embarrassed and serious complaints would arise. The Secretary to the Board of Education had used the expression "except in urgent cases," but there was no such exception made in the Clause. The words as they stood were far too wide, and he suggested it would be better that the Clause should read "to the Education Committee, and the Council may delegate," and so on, "and subject to such delegation the committee shall report to the Council." His only object was to have words inserted which would smooth the working of the Act in large counties, and he hoped the Government would accept his remarks-in the spirit in which they had been made.
Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment—
In line 2, to leave out from the word 'and' down to the word 'the' in line 4."—(Mr. Henry Hobhouse.)
§ Question proposed "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the proposed Amendment.
§ SIR EDWARD STRACHEY (Somersetshire, S.)
said it was clear from his explanation of the Amendment that the hon. Member for East Somersetshire feared that the Councils would interfere unduly with the Education Committees. The evident intention of the Government was that these committees, like all other committees of the County Council, should be subject in all things to, and liable to be corrected, if necessary, by the Council. The hon. Member had spoken of "swollen agendas" and the difficulty of getting through the work. The reports might be very bulky, but they would not appear on the agenda. One of the reasons which had prompted the hon. Member's action was probably his experience on the County Council of Somerset, where his reports on technical education had had sometimes to be strongly opposed by the Patronage Secretary to the Treasury and himself (the hon. Baronet). As to the provision "playing into the hands of the obstructionists," it was occasionally necessary for councillors to obstruct when they had gentlemen as chairmen of the Technical Education Committees who endeavoured recklessly to spend the money of the ratepayers, and the object of the Amendment apparently was to lessen the control of the ratepayers' representatives committees. The practical result of the Amendment would be that the County Council would have to pay the bill, while the Education Committee called whatever tune they chose and spent the ratepayers' money without restriction. It was very necessary that these committees should report, and that these report should be confirmed by the Council before money was spent. He, therefore, should strongly oppose the Amendment.
§ SIR WILLIAM ANSON
said the hon. Member for East Somerset had to a 302 certain extent answered his own objections. He had pointed out that if delay was l[...]kely to take place in matters of urgency, extensive powers of delegation would have to be given, and that was exactly what the Clause provided for two lines lower down. The Government proposed to give the local authority extensive powers of delegation for the very purpose of meeting cases of urgency, preventing unnecessary delay, and there by obviating the inconvenience feared by his hon. Friend. Nevertheless the Government, while they did not wish there to be any doubt of difficulty as to the capacity of these two bodies to transact with the utmost possible celerity the business in which they both were interested, would be prepared to accept an Amendment in the following form if agreeable to the hon Member, viz., after "powers shall" to insert "unless in their opinion the matter is urgent, receive and consider the report," etc. The words "if any" would then become unnecessary.
SIR JOHN DORNGTON
thought the words just suggested made the matter worse than before. He feared that those who had to administer the Act would consider that in all cases they had to report tot the Council before any powers could be exercised, and that would constantly doom the whole machinery to inaction. The words "unless the matter in urgent" would only emphasise the point still more. Take the appointment of a schoolmaster to a post actually vacant. Was that a matter of urgency or not? Under the powers of delegation given in the latter part of the Clause the Education Committee might do a great deal without reference, if that part of the Clause stood alone, but if in the first part it was distinctly stated that the Council, except in cases of urgency, were to consider the report of the committee, a great many County Councils would consider that all decisions upon matters which went before the Education Committee were to be brought up for confirmation before being carried into execution. That, he thought, would place a great stumbling-block in the way of the management of these committees.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
was glad the Government had declined to accept the Amendment. If they had done so, they 303 would simply have whittled away the concession made earlier in the debate, viz., that this committee should be a committee of the Council, dependent on the Council, and that the Council should be the supreme authority. Under the Amendment, the committee would become a sort of statutory body like a watch committee, or a joint police committee, or one of the county governing bodies in Wales, having power to act independently, without the sanction of the authority. The fears of hon. Members as to delay were groundless, because the powers of delegation in this matter would be the same as in others. In small matters the committee would have complete power, but matters of substance would have to be reported upon to the Council. Questions of principle would be settled by the superior authority, but matters of routine would be left to the committee. As to the Amendment of the Attorney General, he thought it would not in any way interfere with the expeditious working of the scheme. It would simply give power to the Council in matters which they decreed to be urgent, and they, after all, were the judges of urgency. So far from interfering with the expedition, he thought it would tend to smooth matters and help the scheme to work well
§ (4.30.) SIR JOSEPH LEESE
thought the words suggested should not be accepted, because, if they were inserted, the County Council would be controlled by its own committee.
§ Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment—
In line 3, to leave out the words 'if any.'"—(Sir Robert Finlay.)
§ Amendment agreed to.
§ Words [of Sir William Anson's original Amendment, as amended] inserted.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
said he desired to move the Amendment standing in the name of the hon. Member for Anglesey. The danger of having an irresponsible body was that they were not disposed to take into account the opinion of the 304 majority of the people in whose interests they were supposed to act. If they had to give an account of their stewardship to a body of electors they would probably act differently to what they would otherwise do. It was quite possible under this Bill that a majority of those acting on these Committees which would be primarily responsible for education within that area would be men who had not been elected by a vote of the ratepayers and had perhaps never come into contact with them. They might have too much expert representation. The Welsh system was getting too much under the influence of experts, and there was a general complaint that against the highly scientific and technical experts the ordinary laymen had no chance. If they overloaded these Boards with experts who took a high scientific line they would not get an efficient educational system. These experts were always running fads of their own. What they wanted was a majority of the representatives of the people to act like jurymen on the jury system. It was a very good thing to have such men on the Board as assessors, but the majority should consist of the ordinary typical representative of the electors. This would give them a much more healthy system than a policy run by experts. He thought it was important that they should have on these boards men who had got a direct sense of responsibility to the rates they were spending to whom they were responsible. That was one of the reasons for which he urged this Amendment.
In page 4, line 33, to leave out sub-Section (a), and insert, (a) That a majority of the committee shall he members of the Council."'—(Mr. Lloyd-George.)
§ Question proposed, "That sub-Section (a) stand part of the Clause."
§ SIR WILLIAM ANSON
said that the Government were agreed in desiring that a majority of the Education Committee should be members of the local authority, and the form of words which they were prepared to accept was as follows—For the appointment by the Council of at least a majority of the Committee who shell be members of the Council unless the Council shall otherwise determine.305 The Government left it optional to this extent that if the local Education Committee deliberately, by express resolution, decided that it would not have a majority of its own body on the Committee, it should be competent for them to take that course.
§ (4.43.) SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
said he was afraid that the words suggested by the Government only showed the weakness of their proposal. Hon. Members knew perfectly well that this business, especially in the rural districts, would be heavy and irksome. When they considered that this committee would he expected to meet frequently, and that the meetings would probably be held in the county town, it might be very convenient for the members of the County Council, whose residences were some distance away, to say that it would be very much better to leave men behind them as substitutes in order to avoid the necessity of attending themselves on those occasions. He could perfectly see that this provision might be very generally adopted. He did not think that ought to be allowed it they wanted to maintain the principle that a majority were to be men responsible to the ratepayers, and that was the vital question. They knew perfectly well what this delegation would be. The people who would really do the administrative work of this measure were the people who lived in the immediate neighbourhood of the place where the meetings were to be held, because people who lived in the districts would not attend unless they were under obligation to do so. By the proposal of the Government the committee, instead of being representative of the ratepayers of the whole county, would be representative really only of those who lived in the locality of the county town. The business would fall into the hands of a very narrow circle of people living around the place where the business was done. That was a practical disadvantage which would arise in the working of the Bill, and they ought to maintain on a sound principle that a majority should be elected by the ratepayers.
§ MR. MIDDLEMORE (Birmingham, N.)
said he was bound to say, as far as the 306 large communities were concerned, that the Government proposal was very much better than the Amendment proposed from the opposite Benches. The work of the Councils, especially in the large communities, had most enormously increased since their establishment, and indeed since the last quarter of a century. They worked, as the House was aware, through committees. Recently they had established free libraries, art galleries, industrial schools, art schools, technical schools, and gas and water committees, the last named involving immense work, and rearing men of first-class business capability. The Councils were now establishing workmen's dwellings, which also involved, like many of the committees, enormous work. Now Parliament was proposing to impose on the Councils the control of education. All these things had made the Finance Committee one of great importance, the expenditure having increased and the debts accumulated. It was no exaggeration to say that since the Municipal Corporations Acts were passed the work of these bodies had increased twenty-five or thirty fold. Their personnel, however, was not greatly improving; elections were chiefly fought on political grounds, and first-class men were often rejected—thus their failure to pronounce the shibboleth of a particular party. In fact many large municipalities were practically run and controlled by five or six men. These bodies were incapable of taking on greatly increased work. It was extremely likely that the imposition of these fresh duties would be the occasion and cause of the reconsideration of their constitution.
§ SIR CHARLES DILKE (Gloucestershire, Forest of Dean)
said the hon. Member for North Birmingham was not a friend of the Bill and preferred the School Boards to the local authorities. Had he been a friend of the Bill his proposals would have been strange ones. His argument was that the work which those great bodies had to perform was already sufficient to engage all their energies. The ground on which the right hon. Gentleman the Member for West Monmouthshire supported the Amendment made it necessary to move a further Amendment. He spoke of elected Members who were in direct 307 touch with the constituencies, but in many counties the aldermen were those who had been defeated candidates at the election. Therefore they were not in direct touch with the electorate. In some cases they did not represent the opinions of the electorate on certain subjects, but in other cases they were the very men whom hon. Members would wish to have on the committee. An Amendment should be made providing that the half or majority who were to be in touch with the electorate should be really elected members of the Council. He proposed to move to insert the word "elective" before "members."
said there was a difficulty in allowing that Amendment to be moved now. The proposal before the Committee was that certain words be left out. He suggested that the best plan would be for the right hon. Baronet to move his Amendment as an Amendment to a proposal which the Government would bring forward later on.
§ SIR CHARLES DILKE
said he would do that. The First Lord of the Treasury, in recommending the Bill, had told them that it was based on popular election, and that the controlling body would he a popularly elected body in touch with the people and representative of their opinions. How very far were they from that principle at present! Even with the adoption of the Government Amendment they would be far from it. The County Council divisions were based on a threefold consideration—area, rateable value, and population. There was no real representation of the opinions of the people on account of the fact that area and rateable value were factors taken into consideration. They were very far from popular representation in the constitution of the County Councils, but even with County Councils so elected upon such a franchise and upon such areas—taking into consideration rateable value and acreage—they did not trust them with the administration of this Bill. They were only going to allow them as an option to have a majority of the committee members of the Council. The duties to be discharged by the Committee were very considerable, and on that 308 committee there should be a majority representing the voting power of the district.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said that it the hon. Member for Anglesey would be prepared to withdraw his Amendment, an Amendment on the same point would be moved by his hon. friend behind him which embodied the general views of the Government.
MR. ELLIS GRTH (Anglesey)
said he was not anxious to have two discussions on practically the same subject, and he was quite willing to withdraw his Amendment.
§ Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
In page 4, line 34, after the wool Committee,' to insert the words 'who shall also be members of the Council unless the Conned shall otherwise determine.(Sir William Anson)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there inserted."
§ COLONEL ROBERT WILLIAMS (Dorsetshire, W.)
said he was extremely glad that the Government had proposed the Amendment in the form which they had now done. This was just one of those cases in which they must trust the people, and trust the County Councils as to what was best for their own counties. The circumstances of even two adjacent counties might be materially different. One county might have one view as to how the educational work should be carried on, and another county might look at it in another way. Some of them were in direct touch with the schools which they had to manage, and in that case the committee might be a very large one, because their interest would be great and it would be impossible for all its members to be members of the County Council. On the other hand, there were cases where the County Council might well conduct their educational work with a small committee, the majority of which would be members of the Council and to whom the powers of the Council would be delegated. He thought the Government were quite right to leave it to the County Councils themselves to manage 309 this question, and it seemed to him that would be unduly fettering the powers of the County Councils to adopt any other words than those proposed.
§ MR. ELLIS GRIFFITH
said that the only point at issue was as to whether or not they should give a direction to the County Council as to the constitution of the committee. Tins Bill was full of distrust of the local authorities and hedged them round with restrictions and limitations of their power from beginning to end. It they were agreed that the majority of the committee should be members of the Council there was no reason why that should not be inserted in the Bill. It seemed to him that they were far away from the direct control of the ratepayers if they were going to appoint a committee consisting of three-fourths or seven-eighths of outsiders. He trusted the First Lord would leave the House itself to decide this question, which was not controversial.
§ MR. EMMOTT (Oldham)
said he thought it was generally acknowledged in this country that one of the great wants in regard to education was lack of popular enthusiasm. But they could not cultivate enthusiasm unless they insisted on the representatives of the people being closely bound up with the administration of educational affairs. Without that there was great loss to the country. The Government had given no indication as to why they thought there should not be a majority of members of the Council on the committee. He could not see how the disadvantage of the committee having close touch with the people was to be balanced by haying experts on it.
§ MR HEYWOOD JOHNSTONE (Sussex, Horsham)
said that this was not a matter in which they should indicate the proportion of the members of the committee which should be members of the Council and which should he chosen from the outside. After all, that would have to be settled by the scheme. It was a matter which should be governed by the individual circumstances of a particular Council or a particular locality. It must be a very pleasing thing in a town where the borough councillors were always ready to attend to matters of this 310 sort. But he was certain that if they had to deal with a large agricultural county a committee that majority of which was selected from the County Council would be so large as to be absolutely unwieldy, or they would have to leave off the committee a very considerable number of people scattered over different parts of the county.
§ (5.10) MR. BRYCE
said that besides the two alternatives already suggested, there was another method. The scheme itself might provide that there should be always a majority of the committee members of the Council unless the Council should determine from time to time. He thought that would be more in conformity with the views to which the Government had given expression. On the general question he could only say the had been much impressed by the views of the hon. Member for North Birmingham, who had pointed out with great force the enormously increased functions which had devolved on the Town Councils. In the main, he thought, that was a desirable result, but the consequence was the heaping of duties on duties upon the members, and if a majority of the committee were to be members of the Town Council the superintendence of all matters relation to elementary and secondary education would throw on them an enormous addition to their already heavy tasks. He admitted the difficulty, but, after all, the vital principle here was that these bodies must be responsible to the people, and unless they had majority of members of the County Council on the committee there could not be that responsibility. The hon. Member for North Birmingham ought to have thought of the difficulties which he had pointed out, before supporting the Government on this Bill. In the Borough Councils the difficulty was one of time and in the Urban Councils one of space, but this Committee could not, even for the sake of avoiding those difficulties, forego the vital principle of direct responsibility. For these reasons he supported the Amendment.
§ MR. TALBOT (Oxford University)
said with regard to this matter the right hon. Gentleman opposite seemed to be carried away by sentiment. The responsibility to the people might not be 311 direct, but there was an indirect responsibility which was very real, and really amounted to the same thing. Some things which were indirect were far more real and binding than if they were direct. Here they had the County Councils who were the direct representatives of the people; and if these bodies which represented the electors chose to select persons not upon their body, they had decided a difficult and delicate matter as seemed to them best. The objection of the right hon. Gentleman was a sentimental objection which ought to be set aside by those who desired to arrive at the best educational result. The Committee had heard a good deal as to the harm that was going to be done by the extinction of the School Boards, but the members of the School Boards in the large towns might still remain charged with the duties of education, by becoming members of the new Education Committees. But if these committees were to be crowded with members of Borough Councils, there would be no room for the members of these School Boards. When we trust a body we ought to trust it entirely. Having set up the County Council as the authority they ought not to say to it, "You shall select as we like and not as you like."
said he would agree that it was right to trust a body entirely if that body was to be responsible to the public. What they were asking for was real public control and not delegated public control. He complained that under this Clause a County Council could form a scheme under which there could be no real public control by another County Council which came after them. What they asked was that no County Council should be able to pledge another County Council by its scheme. His real object, however, in rising, was to ask the First Lord of the Treasury to consider the appeal made by his hon. friend that this matter should be left to the unfettered will of the House to deal with.
§ MR. BOND (Nottingham, E.)
thought that much that had been said with regard to direct control was beside the mark. No committee which had to report to its principal body—which might have its decisions and recommendations reviewed 312 and upset by that body—could be said to have direct responsibility. He was in favour of directing the County Council under the scheme to put on its Education Committee a majority of its own members, for the reason that it was not at all unlikely that as time went on, it the committee was composed of members who were not on the County Council, a certain jealousy would establish itself between the Education Committee and the Council, a thing not at all to be desired. He had noticed that in London the County Council at times almost regretted the power they had given to the Education Committee, and he felt sure that the feeling would have been intensified if the majority of that committee had consisted of members who were not members of the County Council. In the interests of education generally, it was desirable that it should be laid down that a majority of the committee should be composed of members of the Council. He hoped that that would be the line on which the decision of this Committee would go, and that when this matter came to be decided, the Government would listen to the appeal that had been made, and leave it to the unfettered judgment of the Committee.
§ MR. CHANNING
said the right hon. Member for Oxford University had spoken of this as a sentimental grievance. That might be so if they were dealing with a University. But they were dealing now with the control of elementary education. He recognised the value of the concession the Government had made so far as it went, but he hoped they would give a free hand to their followers in the lobby, and that some weight should be given to the argument in favour of giving unqualified discretion to secure that most members of these committees should be members of the County Council. The greatest merit of the School Boards was due to the fact that they sprang directly from the people and were directly responsible to the people. This Amendment was supported because if they were in any way to preserve the state of things in which the grand results of the School Board system had been attained, they must aim at some system which would supply the same direct incentives to the 313 people to take a direct interest in education. The people would naturally throw themselves enthusiastically into the work of education if they were left free to choose for themselves the persons who would best conduct the education of their children. One of the gravest objections to the scheme of the Bill was the inevitable exclusion of Labour representatives. Frequently on the School Boards in industrial towns labour representatives had done most efficient work. He could bear personal witness to the enormous service which Labour representatives had rendered on the School Boards.
§ MR. CHANNING
said it was far better to leave it to the electors of these towns to appoint the men whom they had found by experience to be best fitted for the work, and who had acted locally in the furtherance of education among the working classes. One of the startling results of the School Boards was the widened interest the labouring classes took in education. This was demonstrated in the action taken by the trades unions and the great co-operative societies of this country to insist on the maintenance of the School Boards, the expansion of higher education under the School Board, and the general development of education. This was an aspect of the question which the committee should weigh well before coming to a decision. So far as education was concerned, there was no more cogent lever than to rouse the active interest of the working classes themselves. The proposals of this Clause seemed to be a very bad substitute for what at present existed. Even if the Amendment was accepted, what would happen in the rural counties? Certainly, even in a progressive county like Northamptonshire, they would find a disposition on the part of the members of the County Council placed on these committees to absent themselves from the committee, and leave the work to be clone by the experts mid permanent officials. That would be a serious evil, which would be enormously aggravated if the option were introduced into this Clause.
§ (5.30.) SIR JAMES WOODHOUSE
reinforced the appeal made to the First Lord of the Treasury to allow this to be an open question. He pointed out that the borough local authorities had met and unanimously passed a resolution in favour of this Amendment.
§ SIR CHARLES DILKE
moved to, amend the Amendment, by substituting the word "councillors" for the expression "members of the Council." He explained that he had already made his speech upon this Amendment when he moved it previously, and he was ruled out of order, and, therefore, it was not necessary to, speak again. He might just, however, say that the effect would be to confine, the proposal to the elected members of the Council, and to leave aldermen out. They could, however, still be co-opted members of the Education Committee. He begged to move.
Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment—
To leave out the words 'members of the Council,' and insert the word councillors.'" (Sir Charles Dilke.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words members of the Council' stand part of the proposed Amendment."
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said he was not aware that there was any analogy in our legislation affecting Borough and County Councils for any such invidious distinction between councillors and aldermen as that proposed by the right hon. Baronet. He was sure that it would he a profound mistake to introduce it into this Bill. He would not argue whether the existing system was improved or injured by the fact that there were certain members of the Borough and County Councils who had not the same immediate election by the electorate as the councillors; but, if that fact did constitute an injury to the system, let them wait for a general reconsideration of the whole scheme. For his own part, he suspected that those who were practically acquainted with the work of the Borough and County Councils, whatever their theoretical views, did not think the quality of those bodies was injured by the fact that aldermen served upon them.
§ MR. SAMUEL EVANS
pointed out that some of the enlightened County Councils of Wales, such as he was acquainted with, declined to make any one an alderman at all unless he had first been elected a councillor, and the practical effect of his right hon. friend's proposal would be to exclude from the Education Committee some of the best members of
§ the Council. As he was not satisfied as to what would be the practical result of this Clause, he should vote in favour of this Amendment.
§ (5.43.) Question put.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 232; Noes, 122. (Division List, No. 480.)317
|Agg-Gardner, James Tynte||Dimsdale, Sir Joseph Cockfield||Jessel, Captain Herbert Merton|
|Agnew, Sir Andrew Noel||Dixon-Hartland, Sir Fred Dix'n||Johnstone, Heywood|
|Aird, Sir John||Dorington, Rt. Hon. Sir John E.||Kemp, George|
|Allhusen, Augustus H'nry Eden||Doughty, George||Kennaway, Rt. Hon. Sir John H.|
|Anson, Sir William Reynell||Elliot, Hon. A. Ralph Douglas||Kenyon, Hon. Geo. T. (Denbigh|
|Archdale, Edward Mervyn||Faber, George Denison (York)||Kenyon-Slaney, Col. W. (Salop.|
|Arkwright, John Stanhope||Fardell, Sir T. George||Knowles, Lees|
|Arnold-Forster, Hugh O.||Fellowes, Hon. Ailwyn Edward||Lambton, Hon. Frederick Wm.|
|Atkinson, Rt. Hon. John||Fergusson, Rt. Hn Sir J.(Manc'r||Law, Andrew Bonar (Glasgow|
|Bagot, Capt. Josecline FitzRoy||Fielder', Edward Brocklehurst||Lawrence, Won F. (Liverpool)|
|Bailey, James (Walworth)||Finch, George H.||Lawson, John Grant|
|Bain, Colonel James Robert||Finlay, Sir Robert Bannatyne||Lee, Arthur H. (Hants, Fareham|
|Baird, John George Alexander||Fisher, William Hayes||Legge, Col. Hon. Heneage|
|Balcarres, Lord||Fletcher, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry||Leigh-Bennett, Henry Currie|
|Balfour, Rt. Hon. A.J. (Manch'r||Flower, Ernest||Leveson-Gower, Frederick N. S|
|Balfour, Capt. C. B. (Hornsey)||Forster, Henry William||Llewellyn, Evan Henry|
|Balfour, RtHn Gerald W(Leeds||Fester, PhilipS. (Warwick,S. W||Loder, Gerald Walter Erskine|
|Banbury, Frederick George||Gardner, Ernest||Long, Col. Charles W.(Evesham|
|Bartley, George C. T.||Garfit, William||Long, Rt.Hn. Walter (Bristol,S)|
|Bentinck, Lord Henry C.||Gibbs, Hon. Vicary (St. Albans||Lowther, C. (Cumb., Eskdale)|
|Beresford, Lord Chas. William||Godson, Sir Augustus Frederick||Loyd, Archie Kirkman|
|Bignold, Arthur||Gore, Hon. S. E.Ormsby-(Linc.)||Lucas, Reginald J.(Portsmouth|
|Bigwood, James||Gorst, Rt. Hon. Sir John Eldon||Lyttelton, Hon. Alfred|
|Bill, Charles||Goschen, Hon. George Joachim||Macdona, John Cumming|
|Blundell, Colonel Henry||Goulding, Edward Alfred||MacIver, David (Liverpool)|
|Bond, Edward||Graham, Henry Robert||Maconochie, A. W.|
|Boscawen, Arthur Griffith||Gray, Ernest (West Ham)||M'Arthur, Charles (Liverpool)|
|Bousfield, William Robert||Greene, Sir E W(B'rySEdm'nds||M'Iver, Sir Lewis(Edinburgh W|
|Bowle, Capt. H. F. (Middlesex||Greene, Henry D (Shrewsbury)||M'Killop, James (Stirlingshire)|
|Brookfield, Colonel Montagu||Greene, W. Raymond-(Cambs.||Maxwell, W J H (Dumfriesshire|
|Brotherton, Edward Allen||Gretton, John||Meysey-Thompson, Sir H. M.|
|Brown, Alexander H. (Shropsh.||Greville. Hon. Ronald||Middlemore John Tirogmorton|
|Brymer, William Ernest||Groves, James Grimble||Mildmay, Francis Bingham|
|Bull, William James||Guest, Hon. Ivor Churchill||Milner, Rt. Hn. Sir Frederick G.|
|Butcher, John George||Hain, Edward||Milvain, Thomas|
|Campbell, RtHn. J. A. (Glasgow||Hall, Edward Marshall||More, Robt. Jasper (Shropshire|
|Carew, James Laurence||Halsey, Rt. Hon. Thomas F.||Morgan, DavidJ (Walthamst'w|
|Carson, Et. Hon. Sir Edw. H.||Hamilton, RtHn Lord G(Midd'x||Morrell, George Herbert|
|Cautley, Henry Strother||Hanbuty Rt. Hon. Robert Wm.||Morton, Arthur H. Aylmer|
|Cavendish, V. C. W (Derbyshire||Hare, Thomas Leigh||Mount, William Arthur|
|Cayzer, Sir Charles William||Harris, Frederick Leverton||Murray, RtHn A.Graham(Bute|
|Cecil, Evelyn (Aston Manor)||Haslett, Sir James Horner||Murray, Charles J. (Coventry)|
|Cecil, Lord Hugh (Greenwich)||Hay, Hon. Claude George||Myers, William Henry|
|Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. J.(Birm.||Heath, Arthur Howard(Hanley||Nicol, Donald Ninian|
|Chamberlain, Rt. Hn. J. A(Wore||Helder, Augustus||Nolan, Col. John.P.(Galway,N.|
|Chamberlayne, T. (S'thampton||Henderson, Sir Alexander||O'Doherty, William|
|Chapman, Edward||Hermon-Hodge, Sir Robert T.||Orr-Ewing, Charles Lindsay|
|Clare, Octavius Leigh||Hickman, Sir Alfred||Palmer, Walter (Salisbury)|
|Cochrane, Hon. Thos. H. A. E.||Higginbottom, S. W.||Parkes, Ebenezer|
|Cohen, Benjamin Louis||Hoare, Sir Samuel||Pemberton, John S. G.|
|Collings, Rt. Hon. Jesse||Hobhouse, Henry (Somerset, E.||Pierpoint, Robert|
|Colston, Chas. Edw. H Athole||Hogg, Lindsay||Plummer, Walter R.|
|Compton, Lord Alwyne||Hope,J. F. (Sheffield, Brightside||Powell, Sir Francis Sharp|
|Cox, Irwin Edward Bainbridge||Horner, Frederick William||Pretyrnan, Ernest George|
|Cranborne, Viscount||Hoult, Joseph.||Pryce-Jones, Lt.-Col. Edward|
|Cripps, Charles Alfred||Howard, John(Kent, Faversh'm||Purvis, Robert|
|Crossley, Sir Savile||Howard, J. (Midd., Tottenham||Pym, C. Guy|
|Cust, Henry John C.||Hutton, John (Yorks. N.R.)||Quilter, Sir Cuthbert|
|Dalrymple, Sir Charles||Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse||Rankin, Sir James|
|Dickson-Poynder, Sir John P.||Jeffreys, Rt. Hon. Arthur Fred||Rasch, Major Frederic Carne|
|Rattigan, Sir William Henry||Smith, James Parker(Lanarks.||Welby, Sir Chariest. G E (Notts.|
|Reid, James (Greenock)||Smith, Hon. W. F. D. (Strand)||Whiteley, H (Ashton-und, Lyne|
|Renwick, George||Spear, John Ward||Whitmore, Charles Algernon|
|Rickett, J. Compton||Spencer, Sir E. (W. Bornwich)||William, RtHnJ Powell (Birm|
|Ridley, Hon. M.W(Stalybridge||Stanley. Edward Jas. (Somerset||Williams, Colonel R. (Dorset)|
|Ritchie, Rt Hon. Chas. Thomson||Stewart, Sir Mark J.M'Taggart||Willox, Sir John Archibald|
|Robertson, Herbert (Hackney)||Stone, Sir Benjamin||Wilson, A. Stanley (York. E. R.|
|Rolleston, Sir John F. L.||Strutt, Hon. Charles Hedley||Wodehouse, Rt. Hon. E.R (Bath|
|Ropner, Colonel Robert||Talbot, Lord E. (Chichester)||Worsley-Taylor, Henry Wilson|
|Round, Rt. Hon. James||Talbot, RtHn.J.G. (Oxf'd Univ.||Wortley, Rt. Hon C. B. Stuart-|
|Royds, Clement Molyneux||Thornton, Percy M.||Wrightson, Sir Thomas|
|Sackville, Col. S. G. Stopford||Tomlinson, Sir Wm. Edw. M.||Wylie, Alexander|
|Sadler, Col. Samuel Alexander||Tritton, Charles Ernest||Wyndham, Rt. Hon. George|
|Samuel, Harry S. (Limehouse)||Tufnell, Lieut.-Col Edward||Wyndham-Quin, Major W. FL|
|Scott, Sir S. (Marylebone, W.)||Tuke, Sir John Batty|
|Sharpe, William Edward T.||Valentia, Viscount|
|Sinclair, Louis (Romford)||Vincent, Col. Sir C E H (Sheflield||TELLERS FOR THE AYES—|
|Smith, Abel H (Hertford, East)||Walrond, RtHon Sir William H.||Sir Alexander Acland-|
|Smith,HC(North'mb, Tyneside||Welby, Lt-Col.A.C.E(Taunton||Hood and Mr. Anstruther.|
|Abraham William (Rhondda)||Harwood, George||Rea, Russell|
|Allan, Sir William (Gateshead||Hayne, Rt. Hon. Charles Seale-||Reckitt, Harold James|
|Allen, Charles p (Glouc.,Strotud||Hayter, Rt. Hon. Sir Arthur D.||Rigg, Richard|
|Ashton, Thomas Gair||Helme Norval Watson||Roberts, John H. (Denbighs)|
|Atherley-Jones, L.||Hemphill, Rt. Hon. Charles H.||Robertson, Edmund (Dundee)|
|Bayley, Thomas (Derbyshire)||Holland, Sir William Henry||Robson, William Snowdon|
|Bolton, Thomas Dolling||Hope, John Deans (Fite, West)||Roe, Sir Thomas|
|Brigg, John||Horniman, Frederick John||Runciman, Walter|
|Broadhurst, Henry||Humphreys-Owen, Arthur C.||Schwann, Charles E.|
|Brown, George M. (EdinBurgh||Hutton, Alfred E. (Morley)||Shackleton, David James|
|Brunner, Sir John Tomlinson||Jacaby, James Alfred||Shaw, Charles Edw. (Stafford)|
|Bryce, Rt. Hon. James||Jones, David Brynmor(Sw'nsea||Shaw, Thomas (Hawick B.)|
|Burt, Thomas||Kearley, Hudson E.||Shipman, Dr. John G.|
|Caine, William Sproston||Labouchere, Henry||Sinclair, John (Forfarshire)|
|Caldwell, James||Lambert, George||Sloan, Thomas Henry|
|Cameron, Robert||Layland-Barratt, Francis||Soames, Arthur Wellesley|
|Campbell-Bannerman, Sir H.||Leese, Sir Joseph F.(Accrington||Soares, Ernest J.|
|Causton, Richard Knight||Leng, Sir John||Spenecer, Rt. Hn.C.R(Northants|
|Cawley, Frederick||Levy Maurice||Stevenson, Francis S.|
|Channing, Francis Allston||Lewis, John Herbert||Strachey, Sir Edward|
|Cremer, William Randal||Lloyd-George, David||Thomas, Abel (Carmarthen, E)|
|Davies, Alfred (Carmarthen)||Logan, John William||Thomas, Sir A. (Glamorgan. E.|
|Davies, M. Vaughan (Cardigan||Macnamara, Dc. Thomas J.||Thomas, Daved Alfred (Merthyr|
|Douglas, Charles M. (Lanark)||M'Arthur, William (Cornwall)||Thomas, F. Freeman-(Hastings|
|Duncan, J. Hastings||M'Kenna, Reginald||Thomas, J A (Glamorgan, Gower|
|Dunn, Sir William||M'Laren, Sir Charles Benjamin||Trevelyan, Charles Philips|
|Edwards, Frank||Mansfield, Horace Rendall||Walton, John Lawson (Lees,S.|
|Elibank, Master of||Markham, Arthur Basil||Walton, Joseph (Barnsley)|
|Ellis, John Edward||Mellor, Rt. Hon. John William||Wason, Eugene|
|Emmott, Alfred||Morgan, J. Lloyd (Carmarthen||White, Luke (York. E. R.)|
|Evans, Sir Francis H(Maidstone||Morley, Charles (Breconshire)||Whiteley, George, (York W.R.)|
|Farquharson, Dr. Robert||Moss, Samuel||Whiteley, J. H. (Halifax)|
|Fenwick, Charles||Newnes, Sir George||Whittaker, Thomas Palmer|
|Ferguson, R. C. Munro (Leith)||Norman, Henry||Williams, Osmond (Merioneth|
|Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmund||Norton, Capt. Cecil William||Wilson, Fred. W.(Norfolk, Mid|
|Fuller, J. M. F.||Nussey, Thomas Willans||Wilson, Henry J. (York, W.R.)|
|Furness, Sir Christopher||Palmer, Sir Charles M.(Durham||Woodhouse, Sir J.T(Huddersf'd|
|Gladston, Rt. Hn Herbert John||Partington, Oswald||Yoxall, James Henry|
|Goddard, Daniel Ford||Paulton, James Mellor|
|Griffith, Ellis J.||Pease, J. A. (Saffron Walden)||TELLERS FOR THE NOES—|
|Harcourt, Rt. Hon. Sir William||Philipps, John wynford||Sir Charles Dilke and|
|Harmsworth, Rt. Leicester||Pickatil, Benjamin||Sir Brampton Gurdon.|
§ (5.57.) MR. ELLIS GRIFFITH,
in moving the omission of the words "unless the Council shall otherwise determine," said he did not desire to repeat the arguments he had already laid before the Committee. The object he and his friends had in view was to make the 318 Education Committee, as far as the Majority of its members were concerned, directly responsible to the ratepayers. This was a matter which did not trench on the question of religious education, it was simply a matter of government; it was therefore a question on which the 319 members of the Committee might very well be left to exercise their own judgment without taking Party ties into consideration, and he appealed to the First Lord of the Treasury not to appoint the Party Whips to tell in the division.
Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment—
To leave out the words unless the Council shall otherwise determine.'"—(Mr. Ellis Griffith.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the proposed Amendment."
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
I have been appealed to two or three times in the course of this debate to make the present question what is called an open question, and not to employ the ordinary means by which Party controversy is carried on in this House. I do not think that is a judicious course to pursue, and perhaps the Committee will bear with me if, in a word I explain the attitude of the Government in this matter. I stated on the Second Reading of the Bill the perfect readiness of the Government to consider whether the framing of the Bill should be modified in the direction of placing a larger number of the members of Borough and County Councils on the Education Committees. Since then I have on many occasions declared in this House and in the country that the Government do favour any change in the Bill which would tend in the direction of making a majority on these Education Committees a majority of the Council itself. So much for our declaration in the past. Now, as to the actual merits of the case. We are all agreed that the true ideal we ought to aim at is that there should he a majority of the Council on the committee. The only difference between us is as to whether we should lay down an absolutely rigid rule upon that subject or not. I am quite clear that it would be the height of folly on the part of this House, not having before it, and incapable of having before it, all the varying circumstances of the local authorities of this country, to make any such rigid declaration as that which the hon. Gentleman desires. I am informed that there are County Councils who think it would be quite impossible to carry on the work thrown upon them by this Bill if they are required to have a majority of their own members on the committee.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
The right ham Gentleman opposite gives to that an ironical cheer, and he seems to think that there is no such difficulty. I should rather hope that this was not the opinion of hon. Gentlemen opposite in their less controversial moments. I thought it was one of the main factors in the case for Home Rule—whatever may be the merits or demerits of that policy—that before we get to Home Rule there is to be some method of training in regard to the duties now being thrown upon existing local authorities. If that is one of the things upon which the various sections of the Liberal Party are agreed, it is hard to attack us because we are taking a step in that direction by asking these great authorities to deal with the work of education. I had no intention of dragging these high Party politics into what I consider a purely business subject. It is from a business point of view that I appeal to, the Committee. What would he our position if we passed this Bill with the rigid declaration which hon. Gentlemen opposite desire, and then found that this or that County or Borough Council could not carry out the work entrusted to it because we laid upon it this condition? We should look exceedingly foolish, and the work of education in that area would be greatly hampered. I cannot think that the dignity and efficiency of this House would gain by placing itself in a position of that kind. Surely this arrangement—I will not call it a compromise—is the right arrangement. We laid down in unmistakeable characters on the face of this Bill that what we desired to see was a majority of the Council on the Education Committee, but as we contemplate the possibility that there may be eases where that is an impracticable course, like sensible men we say that after all the education authority—Borough or County Council, as the case may be—is the best judge, and must be allowed a loophole of escape if the rigid system puts them into an impossible situation. I hope, Sir, that will commend itself to the Committee as a common-sense plan, but it seems to me that the danger of allowing ourselves to be hurried away by any over-mastering affection for a purely 321 theoretical ideal is so great that confusion and difficulty would arise if County Councils or Borough Councils could not carry out the burden of work we are putting upon them. I must ask the House to consider this as a question vitally bound up with the practical character of the Bill.
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
With regard to the question put to me by the hon. Member for North Birmingham, the scheme should contain a provision that the majority appointed by the Council should he members of the Council unless the Council should otherwise determine.
§ SIR WILLIAM HARCOURT
The right hon. Gentleman opposite first laid down what he considers a valuable principle, and then he provides what he has described in a very accurate phrase as "a loophole of escape" from that principle. The loophole of escape is one which very many of us will feel is the one which will most likely be generally adopted, especially in the rural counties, and what I fear is that in these counties the loophole of escape will become the rule and not the exception.
§ MR. TREVELYAN (Yorkshire, W. R., Elland)
said this was one of the Amendments put before the Birmingham Unionist Conference, and the verdict was that they were almost unanimously in favour of it, for the "Noes" were only one. They knew that the Government did not pay much attention to the opinion of Birmingham in this matter, for a much more important resolution passed at the Unionist Conference was in regard to assistant teachers, and that recommendation was summarily rejected by the right hon. Gentleman the Premier. The reason why they proposed to omit those words was that they considered them as a very small improvement on the original proposal of the Bill. Of course there was no real danger in those counties interested in education that they would not appoint a majority of actual members of the 322 Council upon the committees. They were really arguing from those counties that were indifferent in regard to the working of the educational system. It was only too likely that a county would say, "We won't take any trouble, but put the matter into the hands of those who understand it, such as clergymen and school teachers, and we will let them run our business for us." It was just those counties that would escape their duty by making use of this exemption. The result of this would be that people would be as indifferent in regard to education as they were before, and the whole matter would be left in the hands of the small ring who now run the County Councils. He did not believe in unelected persons. There was a great deal to be said for the learned men who were not elected, but it a man really cared about education he would not, mind putting up for the County Council election. He did not think that any very large number of people would be excluded by leaving the committee to be entirely composed of county councillors. That was not however, the proposal of the Bill. There was still half of the Education Committee under the present proposal who would not be county councillors. All they were asking for now was that the majority should consist of county councillors, and all the rest could still be chosen from the outside.
§ CAPTAIN BALFOUR (Middlesex. Hornsey)
said the Government had made great concessions in regard to the managers, and it was now clear that the managers would have very little power at all left in their hands. [OPPOSITION laughter.] Hon. Gentlemen opposite laughed, but that was quite true, although it was a question which they need not go into again. Now they had come to the constitution of the Education Committees, and he supported very strongly the proposal that it would be desirable that a majority of the members of the committee should be county councillors. The hon. Gentleman opposite had alluded to the Birmingham resolution, but he wished to point out that that resolution was passed before the discussions on this particular point in the Bill had taken 323 place. It was perfectly clear now that the Education Committees would be just as much under the control of the County Councils as the managers. This was not so when the resolution was passed at the Birmingham Conference. Many hon. Members had doubts as to how much power the committee was to have, but now it was clear that every report would have to be passed by the local education authority. He failed to understand the criticism of the right hon. Gentleman opposite that the local education authority was not a popularly elected body. He thought they were agreed that it was desirable that the majority of the Education Committee should be county councillors. But in large counties there might be two or three Education Committees, and there might be an insufficient number of councillors to provide the majorities. Therefore, it was a question of convenience and of the practical working of the Bill, and he thought the Committee would do well to carry out the proposal of the Government.
§ DR. MACNAMARA (Camberwell, N.)
said the First Lord of the Treasury had argued that if a large Council were compelled to have a majority of their members on the Education Committee together with their present work they would have too much to do. He had himself used that argument as a reason why the School Boards should not be abolished.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said the Councils could do the work under the provisions of the Bill, but not under the provisions of the Bill as the hon. Member proposed to amend it.
§ DR. MACNAMARA
said he was now using the argument as against the argument for the abolition of the great School Boards. The Prime Minister appealed to the Committee from the business point of view. He and others appealed to the right hon. Gentleman three months ago from the business point of view, but the Government determined to municipalise the local control. It had been said that that was the original idea of Mr. Gladstone's Bill. But if they were going to municipalise control they must do it thoroughly. They must not have a spurious form, as they would have under 324 this Bill. The least they should insist upon was that the majority of the members of the Education Committee should be members of the Municipal Council. That was the plea of the famous. Liberal Unionist conference two or three weeks ago. The Birmingham Unionists had not gained then point in regard to the management of the schools, and he believed they were in a worse position now than they were before.
§ MR. A. J. BALFOUR
said the hon. Member had left out of account the fact that the Amendment passed this afternoon made the Borough Councils and the County Councils supreme in all elementary education.
§ DR. MACNAMARA
said he admitted that the education authority was to be supreme, but the work was so great that they must devolve their powers, and there was no popular control unless they insisted that the Education Committee should be a representative committee. The committees could not be representative unless the majority in all cases were members of the municipal authority. The Government Bill of 1896 insisted very properly that a majority of the members of the Education Committee should be members of the municipal body. That also was the scheme of the Government Bill of 1890. In the Secondary Education Bill of last year it was quite specific that it was not to he left to the municipal people themselves to say whether they would do it or not, there was no loophole, they were placed under obligation in all cases to have a majority of the committee members of their own body. He said, with all respect, that it was not sincere for the Government to state that they were giving popular control if in the next breath they handed the whole thing over by delegation to another body, unless that body had a majority of representative people.
§ (6.23.) SIR JOHN GORST (Cambridge, University)
said the issue was whether they would tie up the hands of the Municipal and County Councils, with whose local circumstances they were imperfectly acquainted, or whether they would leave this question to be decided by the Municipal and County Councils. The county of Middlesex, outside London, contained a number of large urban 325 districts, and he understood it was the opinion of a great many persons on the Middlesex County Council that the only way in which this Act could be efficiently worked was by having, not one committee, but separate committees—a committee for all the great urban districts which would have the control of their own elementary instruction. It was quite impossible for the County Council of Middlesex to find a sufficient number of members to give them a majority on all these Committees. This plan, which the Middlesex County Council thought best, would have to be abandoned if the Committee insisted upon a majority of all these committees being members of the Council. The Council might evade the clause by putting in nominal members who were understood never to attend.
§ MR. YOXALL (Nottingham, W.)
said the difficulty to which the right hon. Gentleman had alluded could be dealt with by Clause 15 of the Bill, which empowered devolution. He did not think objections put forward in the First Lord's speech were worth consideration in this matter. But he gathered that the First Lord was disposed to make this a Party question, and that he would regard the rejection of this particular Amendment to be a matter of importance. He desired to remind the right hon. Gentleman that he had already given the House a pledge on this point. The Prime Minister, in the Second Reading debate on the Bill, intimated that he would leave the decision of the subject to the House.
That quotation has been already given once or twice. [An HON. MEMBER: "It is not the same quotation."] I would remind the hon. Member that there is a Standing Order against repetition.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
said the speech of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Cambridge University, was an argument against his own Bill of 1896. If it was mischievous to tie up the hands of the local authority now, he should like to know why the right hon. Gentleman introduced the proposal in 1896. Middlesex was in existence then.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
hoped that before the end of this debate the right hon. Gentleman would be wiser still, and that he would be able to support the Amendment. The words "unless the Council shall otherwise direct" made absolute nonsense of the Government's own Amendment. The insertion of those words, "unless the Council shall otherwise direct," was perfectly meaningless. This was a very characteristic concession of the Government. To satisfy the Birmingham Liberal Unionists, the Government said that the majority of the members of the Education Committee should be members of the Council; and then to satisfy the opponents of public control, the Government added "unless the Council shall otherwise direct." By the text of the Bill the Council could, if they chose, appoint an Education Committee of their own members, and all that the Amendment did was, by a system of tautology, to give them the same power. The object of this was, of course, to mislead public opinion outside.
§ MR. M'KENNA
said that under the Clause, first, all matters were to be referred to the Education Committee, except rating, and second, all powers could be delegated to the Committee, also except rating. Now, unless the Amendment were accepted, no single member of the Council need be a member of the committee, and if the committee were to have all the administrative powers, financial control was divorced from administrative control. When the Bill was introduced, that was the one thing which, it was said, the Government were going to set their face against. He asked the First Lord whether the Bill carried out the intention of the Government in placing financial and administrative control in the same hands. Unless the right hon. Gentleman accepted the Amendment he would be controverting the primary principles of the Bill, and failing to carry out the pledges given on the Second Reading.
§ MR. SAMUEL EVANS
thought that the observation of his hon. friend was perfectly just, and ought to be carefully considered, especially by the late Vice-President of the Committee of Council 327 Did the right hon. Gentleman think that in a Bill of this kind, which was creating an educational authority, it should be made possible that in appointing a committee not a single member of the authority should be on that committee? As his hon. friend the Member for the Northern Burghs had pointed out, the concession was no concession at all. They were enjoined to trust the people. The Secretary to the Board of Education said, "I tell you from the University of Oxford that the people ought to be trusted!" The position of the opponents of the Bill was perfectly sound on this matter. The Government were creating a new education authority; they had been preaching to the local authorities that it was their duty to look after the education of the people; but what was the use of now saying that these bodies might be too busy to look after the education of the people? If the sub-stratum of the Bill was sound, they ought to say to the local authorities, "We shall not delegate these educational duties to others." For his part, he was opposed to bringing in outsiders. [An hon. Member on the MINISTERIAL. Benches: What! no woman?] Certainly no woman. He was, however, not going to forestall the discussion on that matter. He had always voted against the extension of the franchise to women. His opinion was that women did anything whatever better than men in administration or government. He insisted that in creating these educational authorities they were insulting them by saying that they should attend to their duties. The result of the Clause would be that the committee might be composed of men outside the education authority. Take, for instance, the County Council of Gloucester, of which the right hon. Baronet who sat for one of the Divisions of that county was the Chairman. They knew what the right hon. Baronet's views were, and that if he had his way, not one member of the County Council would be appointed to the Education Committee. He would say to the members of the County Council. "You stay with me here and take care of the rates; we will put someone else on the Education Committee." It might be said that 328 Was a fantastic illustration, but it was possible. Was it not fair to say to these new authorities, "You must choose out of your own number the best men you can; you must man your committee in such a way that you will be responsible to us for carrying out the functions of the Bill." Everyone who desired to see the efficient working of the Bill, and the extension of the best education of all children should, he thought, vote for the Amendment.
§ SIR JOHN BRUNNER
said he would press on the right hon. the Attorney General to say whether it should ever be possible for an Education Committee to be appointed which contained no single member of the educational authority upon it. Was that the decision of the Government?
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said that the hon. and learned Gentleman opposite had declared that in some cases they might not have on the Education Committee a single member of the Council, and characterised that as fantastic. He said that the suggestion was really preposterous.
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said he would not waste one moment more in discussing it. The Clause indicated that in a normal and proper state of things, in the absence of special circumstances, there should be a majority of members of Council on the committee. That was indicated as an ideal state of things; but what they recognised was that there might be cases where that could not be secured. Where the members of the County Council were regular in attendance they insisted that there should be a majority of the committee members of the County Council, but if they were not regular in attendance, the controlling power would pass into the hands of experts.
§ SIR JOHN BRUNNER
said he again asked an answer to the question: Was it the decision of the Government that it shall ever he legally possible that the committee should not contain a member 329 of the education authority? It was due to the House that the Attorney General should answer that question.
§ MR. LLOYD-GEORGE
said that the question had been very courteously put to the Attorney General. There was nothing offensive in it, and the right hon. and learned Gentleman might answer it.
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said the question assumed that some Council was going to do something that was obviously absurd. [OPPOSITION cries of "Oh, oh"!] The Government intimated by this Amendment that the proper thing was, in the absence of special circumstances, that the majority of the committee should be members of the Council. The question assumed that the Council were going to be so ridiculous as
§ to appoint the whole of a committee on which there was not even one member of the Council.
§ (6.43.) Question put.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes, 233; Noes, 125. (Division List, No. 481.)333
|Agg-Gandner, James Tynte||Chaplin, Et, Hon. Henry||Graham, Henry Robert|
|Agnew, Sir Andrew Noel||Chapman, Edward||Gray, Ernest (West Ham)|
|Aird, Sir John||Charrington, Spencer||Greene, Sir E. W. (Bury St. Ed.)|
|Allhusen, Augustus Henry Eden||Clare, Octavius Leigh||Greene, Henry D. (Shrewsbury|
|Anson, Sir William Reynell||Clive, Captain Percy A.||Greene, W. Raymond-(Cambs.|
|Arkwright, John Stanhope||Cochrane, Hon. Thos. H.A.E.||Gretton, John|
|Arnold-Foster, Hugh O.||Cohen, Benjamin Louis||Greville, Hon. Ronald|
|Atkinson, Rt. Hon. John||Collings, Rt. Hon. Jesse||Groves, James Grimble|
|Bagot, Capt. Joceline FitzRoy||Colston, Chas. Edw. H. Athole||Guest Hon. Ivor Churchill|
|Bailey, James (Walworth)||Compton, Lord Alwyne||Guthrie, Walter Murray|
|Bain, Colonel James Robert||Cox, Irwin Edward Bainbridge||Hain, Edward|
|Baird, John George Alexander||Cranborne, Viscount||Hall, Edward Marshall|
|Balcarres, Lord||Crossley, Sir Savile||Halsey, Rt. Hon. Thomas F.|
|Balfour, Rt. Hon. A.J.(Manch'r||Cust, Henry John C.||Hamilton, RtHn Lord G(Midd'x|
|Balfour, Capt. C. B. (Hornsey)||Dalrymple, Sir Charles||Haubury, Rt.Hon.Robert Wm|
|Balfour, RtHn Gerald W. (Leeds||Dimsdale, Sir Joseph Cockfield||Hare, Thomas Leigh|
|Banbury, Frederick George||Dixon-Hartland, Sir FredDixon||Harris, Frederick Leverton|
|Bartley, George C. T.||Dorington, Rt. Hon. Sir John E.||Hatch, Ernest Frederick George|
|Beckett, Ernest William||Doughty, George||Hay, Hon. Claude George|
|Beresford, Lord Charles William||Duke, Henry Edward||Heath, Arthur Howard (Hanley|
|Bignold, Arthur||Elliot, Hon. A. Ralph Douglas||Helder, Augustus|
|Bigwood, James||Faber, George Denison (York)||Henderson, Sir Alexander|
|Bill, Charles||Fardell, Sir T. George||Hermon-Hodge, Sir Robert T.|
|Blundell, Colonel Henry||Fellowes, Hon. Ailwyn Edward||Hickman, Sir Alfred|
|Boscawen, Arthur Griffith||Fergusson, Rt. Hn. SirJ.(Manc'r||Higginbottom, S. W.|
|Bousfield, William Robert||Fielden, Edward Brocklehurst||Hoare, Sir Samuel|
|Brookfield, Colonel Montagu||Finch, George H.||Hobhouse, Henry (Somerset, E.|
|Brown, Alexander H (Shropsh.||Finlay, Sir Robert Bannatyne||Hogg, Lindsay|
|Brymer, William Ernest||Fisher, William Hayes||Hope, J. F. (Sheffield, Brightside|
|Bull, William James||Fison, Frederick William||Hoult, Joseph|
|Butcher, John George||Fletcher, Rt. Bon. Sir Henry||Howard,John(K'nt,Fayersh'm|
|Campbell, Rt Hn.J.A.(Glasgow||Flower, Ernest||Howard, J. (Midd., Tottenham|
|Carew, James Laurence||Forster, Henry William||Hutton, John (Yorks, N. R.)|
|Carson, Rt. Hon. Sir Edw. H.||Foster, PhillipS.(Warwick,S.W||Jebb, Sir Richard Clarverhouse|
|Cantley, Henry Strother||Gardner, Ernest||Jeffreys, Rt. Hon. Arthur Fred.|
|Cavendish, V.C.W.(Derhyshire||Garfit, William||Jessel, Captain Herbert Merton|
|Cayzer, Sir Charles William||Gibbs, Hon. Vicary (St. Albans)||Johnstone, Heywood|
|Cecil, Evelyn (Aston Manor)||Godson, Sir Augustus Frederick||Kemp, George|
|Cecil, Lord Hugh (Greenwich)||Gore, Hon.S.F. Ormsby-(Linc.)||Kennaway.Rt, Hon. Sir John H.|
|Chamberlain, Rt. Hon.J.(Birm.||Gorst, Rt. Hon. Sir John Eldon||Kenyon, Hon George T(Denbigh|
|Chamberlain, RtHnJ. A. (Wore||Goschen, Hon. George Joachim||Kenyon-Slaney, W.(Salop.|
|Chamberlayne, T. (S'thampton||Goulding, Edward Alfred||Kimber, Henry|
|Knowles, Lees||Murray, Rt Hn.A.Graham(Bute||Smith, Abel H. (Hertford, East)|
|Lambton, Hon. Frederick Wm.||Murray, Charles J. (Coventry)||Smith, H.C(North'mb Tyneside|
|Law, Andrew Bonar (Glasgow||Myres, William Henry||Smith, James Parker(Lanarks.|
|Lawrence, Wm. F. (Liverpool)||Nicol, Donald Ninian||Smith, Hon. W. F. D. (Strand)|
|Lawson, John Grant||Nolan, Col. John P. (Galway,N.)||Spencer, Sir E. (W. Bromwich)|
|Lecky, Rt. Hon. William Edw. H||O'Doherty, William||Stanley, Edward Jas. (Somerset|
|Lee, Arthur H (Hants., Fareham||Orr-Ewing, Charles Lindsay||Stewart, Sir Mark J. M'Taggart|
|Legge, Col. Hon. Heneage||Palmer, Walter (Salisbury)||Stone, Sir Benjamin|
|Leigh-Bennett, Henry Currie||Pemberton, John S. G.||Talbot, Lord E. (Chichester)|
|Leveson-Gower, Frederick N.S.||Pierpoint, Robert||Talbot, RtHn. J. G. (Oxf'd Univ.|
|Llewellyn, Evan Henry||Plummer, Walter R.||Thornton, Percy M.|
|Lockie, John||Powell, Sir Francis Sharp||Tomlinson, Sir Wm. Edw. M.|
|Loder, Gerald Walter Erskine||Pretyman, Ernest George||Tritton, Charles Ernest|
|Long, Col. Charles W.(Evesham||Pryce-Jones, Lt.-Col. Edward||Tufnell, Lieut.-Col. Edward|
|Long, Rt. Hon. Walter (Bristol,S||Purvis, Robert||Tuke, Sir John Batty|
|Lonsdale, John Brownlee||Pym, C. Guy||Valentia, Viscount|
|Lowther, C. (Cumb., Eskdale)||Quilter, Sir Cuthbert||Vincent, Col. Sir C. E. H. (Sheff'ld|
|Loyd, Archie Kirkman||Rankin, Sir James||Walrond, Rt. Hn. Sir William H|
|Lucas, Reginald J. (Portsmouth||Rattigan, Sir William Henry||Welby, Lt. -Col. A. C.E(Taunton|
|Lyttelton, Hon. Alfred||Reid, James (Greenock)||Welby, Sir Charles G. E. (Notts.|
|Macdona, John Cumming||Remnant, James Farquharson||Whiteley, H(Ashtonund. Lyne|
|Maconochie, A. W.||Renwick, George||Whitmore, Charles Algernon|
|M'Iver, Sir Lewis(Edinburgh W||Ridley, Hon. M.W.(Stalybridge||Willox, Sir John Archibald|
|M'Killop, James (Stirlingshire)||Ritchie, Rt. Hn. Chas. Thomson||Wilson, A. Stanley (York, E. R.)|
|Massey- Mainwairing, Hn. W. F||Roberts, John Bryn (Eifion)||Wodehouse, Rt. Hn. E. R. (Bath)|
|Maxwell, WJ. H (Dumfriesshire||Robertson, Herbert (Hackney)||Worsley-Taylor, Henry Wilson|
|Meysey-Thompson, Sir H. M.||Robinson, Brooke||Wortley, Rt. Hon. C. B. Stuart-|
|Middlemore, John Throgmorton||Rolleston, Sir John F. L.||Wrightson, Sir Thomas|
|Milvain, Thomas||Ropner, Colonel Robert||Wylie, Alexander|
|Montagu, Hon. J. Scott (Hants.)||Round, Rt. Hon. James||Wyndham, Rt. Hon. George|
|Moon, Edward Robert Pacy||Royds, Clement Molyneux||Wyndham-Quin, Major W. H.|
|More, Robt. Jasper(Shropshire)||Sackville, Col. S. G. Stopford-||Yerburgh, Robert Armstrong|
|Morgan, David J. (Walth'mstow||Sadler, Col. Samuel Alexander|
|Morrell, George Herbert||Samuel, Harry S. (Limehouse)|
|Morton, Arthur H. Aylmer||Scott, Sir S. (Marylebone, W.||TELLERS FOR THE AYES—|
|Mount, William Arthur||Sharpe, William Edward T.||Sir Alexander Acland-|
|Muntz, Sir Philip A.||Sinclair, Louis (Rumford)||Hood and Mr. Anstruther|
|Abraham, William (Rhondda)||Evans, Samuel T. (Glamorgan)||Macnamara, Dr. Thomas J.|
|Allan, Sir William(Gateshead)||Farquharson, Dr. Robert||M'Arthur, William (Cornwall)|
|Allen, C. P. (Glout., Stroud)||Fenwick, Charles||M'Kenna, Reginald|
|Ashton, Thomas Gair||Ferguson, R. C. Munro (Leith)||M'Laren, Sir Charles Benjamin|
|Asquith, Rt. Hn. HerbertHenry||Fitzmanrice, Lord Edmond||Mansfield, Horace Rendall|
|Atherley-Jones, L.||Fuller, J. M. F.||Markham, Arthur Basil|
|Bayley, Thomas (Derbyshire)||Furness, Sir Christopher||Mildmay, Francis Bingham|
|Bolton, Thomas Dolling||Gladstone, Rt. Hn. HerbertJohn||Morgan, J. Lloyd (Carmarthen|
|Bond, Edward||Goddard, Daniel Ford||Morley, Charles (Breconshire)|
|Brigg, John||Grant, Corrie||Moss, Samuel|
|Broadhurst, Henry||Gurdon, Sir W. Brampton||Newnes, Sir George|
|Brown, George M. (Edinburgh)||Harcourt, Rt. Hon. Sir William||Norman, Henry|
|Brunner, Sir John Tomlinson||Harmsworth, R. Leicester||Norton, Capt. Cecil William|
|Bryce, Rt. Hon. James||Harwood, George||Nussey, Thomas Willans|
|Burns, John||Hayne, Rt. Hon. Charles Seele-||Palmer, Sir Charles M.(Durham)|
|Burt, Thomas||Hayter, Rt. Hon. Sir Arthur D.||Parkes, Ebenezer|
|Caine, William Sproston||Helme, Norval Watson||Partington, Oswald|
|Caldwell, James||Hemphill, Rt. Hon. Charles H.||Pease, J. A. (Saffron Walden)|
|Cameron, Robert||Holland, Sir William Henry||Philipps, John Wynford|
|Campbell-Bannerman, Sir H.||Hope, John Deans (Fife, West)||Pickard, Benjamin|
|Causton, Richard Knight||Horniman, Frederick John||Reckitt, Harold James|
|Cawley, Frederick||Humphreys-Owen, Arthur C.||Rickett, J. Compton|
|Charming, Francis Allston||Hutton, Alfred E. (Morley)||Rigg, Richard|
|Cremer, William Randal||Jacoby, James Alfred||Roberts, John H. (Denbighs.)|
|Davies, Alfred (Carmarthen)||Jones, David Brymnor(Swansea||Robson, William Snowdon|
|Davies, M. Vaughan- (Cardigan||Kearley, Hudson E.||Roe, Sir Thomas|
|Dilke, Rt. Hon. Sir Charles||Lambert, George||Runciman, Walter|
|Douglas, Charles M. (Lanark)||Layland-Barratt, Francis||Schwann, Charles E.|
|Duncan, J. Hastings||Leese, Sir Joseph F. (Accrington||Shackleton, David James|
|Dunn, Sir William||Leigh, Sir Joseph||Shaw, Charles Edw. (Stafford)|
|Edwards, Frank||Leng, Sir John||Shaw, Thomas (Hawick B.)|
|Elibank, Master of||Levy, Maurice||Shipman, Dr. John G.|
|Ellis, John Edward||Lewis, John Herbert||Sinclair, John (Forfarshire)|
|Emmott, Alfred||Lloyd-George, David||Sloan, Thomas Henry|
|Evans, Sir FrancisH. (Maidstone||Logan, John William||Soames, Arthur Wellesley|
|Soares, Ernest J.||Walton, John Lawson(Leeds,S.||Wilson, Fred. W. (Norfolk, Mid.|
|Spear, John Ward||Walton, Joseph (Barnsley)||Wilson, Henry J. (York, W. R.)|
|Spencer, RtHn. CR (Northants||Wason, Eugene||Woodhouse, Sir J T(Hudderrsf'd|
|Strachey, Sir Edward||White, Luke (York. E.R.)||Yoxall, James Henry|
|Thomas, Sir A. (Glamorgan, E.)||Whiteley, George(York.,W.R.|
|Thomas, David Alfred(Merthyr||Whitley, J. H. (Halifax)||TELLERS FOR THE NOES—|
|Thomas, F.Freeman-(Hastings)||Whittaker, Thomas Palmer||Mr. Ellis Griffith and Mr.|
|Thomas, JA (Glamorgan, Gower||Williams, Osmond (Merioneth||Trevelyan.|
Resolution agreed to.
§ Words inserted.
§ (7.0.) MR. HUMPHREYS-OWEN
moved to omit sub-Section (b). This omission, he urged, was desirable in the interests of the harmonious working of the system. It was important that no section of the members of a committee should be regarded as persons who were fighting the battles of extraneous bodies. The Committee must remember that when a similar scheme was made for the Welsh County Councils, the fullest concession was made to the feeling of the localities. There the appointment of denominational and outside bodies was entirely with the goodwill and assent of the members of those bodies themselves. In England it would be entirely different. County and Borough Councils had the gravest apprehensions, and even went so far as to deny the right of outside bodies to interfere in any way. It was necessary, if these Educational Committees were to be successful, that they should be harmonious in spirit, and that there should be no sectional feeling between the different classes of members on the committee. The County Council, too, would no doubt subsidise secondary schools, and it would be most anomalous if schools which migh receive subsidies were to nominate members who might afterwards have to dispense such subsidies.
In page 4, line 35, to leave out sub-Section (b)."—(Mr. Humphreys-Owen.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words 'for the' stand part of the Clause."
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
hoped the hon. Member would not press his Amendment. The majority of the members of a committee would clearly be appointed by the Council, but it was desirable that there should be a power of calling in other "persons of experience in education," and "persons acquainted with the needs of the various kinds of schools in the 334 area" to which they were attached. The Committee would see they would have the ordinary state of things, a majority of the Council on the committee, and the duties to he discharged by the committee. If they desired, in the discharge of their duty, to have the assistance of the class of persons mentioned in the sub-Section, they were entitled to have it. The adoption of this Amendment would strike out a Clause which would enable them, in all cases, to secure such assistance if required.
§ MR. HERBERT LEWIS (Flint Boroughs)
said he thought the Attorney General had not stated quite accurately the effect of this Amendment. The hon. and learned Gentleman had said that it was desired to give the Councils power to call in persons to assist them. He submitted that this was a mandatory instruction to them to do so. If the Council should have the option as had been argued, why should the option not be given under paragraph (b)? He submitted that this was a mandatory instruction to the Council, whether they thought it wise or not, to add a number of extraneous persons to the governing body of the school. Why should not the Government be consistent in this matter, and act upon the principle of trust in the representatives of the people which they had themselves professed in dealing with the last Amendment?
§ SIR ROBERT FINLAY
said the words first quoted by the right hon. Gentleman were perfectly clear, and surely it was desirable that a committee should have the assistance of persons who were familiar with the schools of the various 335 denominations. With regard to the expression "other bodies," he instanced Owens College as one of the bodies from whom nomination might be desirable.
§ SIR JOHN BRUNNER
said the hon. and learned Member had not dealt with the point raised by the hon. Member for Montgomeryshire as to the probability of a number of representatives on the Education Committee being appointed by the grammar schools. He personally was a governor of a grammar school, and if appointed on the Education Committee would be thoroughly acquainted with the needs of that particular grammar school. But all that that grammar school needed was money, and he might be chosen to serve on the committee in the belief that he would be able to exert influence that would result in more money being obtained from the County Council for the grammar school. Within recent years there had been an awakening of public opinion with regard to the conduct of members of public bodies suspected of using their position for their personal advantage. In the case of the grammar school, the representative would probably be a subscriber, and if he could get more money from the County Council it would relieve his own pocket. A man who had no pecuniary interest to serve might be excused if he felt in honour bound to obtain as much money as possible for the school he represented, but it was because he desired to keep our local government and local institutions pure and above suspicion that he pressed the point on the attention of the Committee.
§ MR. ROBSON (South Shields)
said the character of the motive of this Bill 336 was perhaps more clearly shown in the sub-Section under discussion than in any other. The Committee had heard from the Government their intention with regard to the sectarian schools, viz., that those schools were to remain under sectarian control. But hitherto, parallel with that system in England we had had a system of school government in the hands of the people, under which it was in the power of the people if they felt so disposed to exclude from the government of the national schools all sectarian elements, or to admit those sectarian elements under safeguards as to the fair treatment of all schools. The Government now proposed to deprive the people of that power, and to set up an education authority which was not to he allowed to constitute itself on a popular basis. It was even suggested to the authorities that they need not have a majority of members of the local education authority on the Education Committee, and they were now informed that they must provide for the nominations of other bodies. They were to part with their powers and give them to other bodies, which were not named in the Bill, but which the Attorney General candidly stated were to be of a sectarian type.
§ MR. ROBSON
said the last thing the Attorney General would say was that they would be exclusively of a sectarian type, but he did intimate that they would come from the Wesleyans and Catholics—he was not certain whether he mentioned the Church of England, or whether him candour carried him so far as to name the diocesan associations, which were really the other bodies contemplated in the section. The Government had done better than capture the School Boards; they had destroyed them, and the new authority was being put under an obligation, as clearly expressed as the Government dared in a statute, to allow the sectarians to select those who were to control the schools provided and maintained out of the rates. Upon what principle could the Government justify the proposal that the ratepayers, when they had founded and were maintaining a school, were not to govern that school, but that the so-called education authority 337 were to part with their powers to denominational sect, who might be wholly out of sympathy with popular feeling? If the Government were determined to keep the sectarian schools at the public expense, they might, at any rate, let the schools founded and exclusively maintained by public funds remain under national and not sectarian control. Not only were other bodies to have a power of nominating members on the education committee, but there were to be appointed persons acquainted with the needs of the various kinds of schools in the area for which the Council acted. "The various kinds of schools" simply meant the denominational schools, so that the education authority was invited, almost commanded, to delegate part of its powers over rate-supported schools to sectarian associations. That was the meaning of the Bill in every one of its Clauses, but it was for once clearly expressed here and admitted by the Attorney General.
§ MR. ERNEST GRAY (West Ham, N.)
said the hon. and learned Member for South Shields was usually so fair-minded that one could only conclude that he had not really carefully read the Clause The words were clear. The local authority need not consult anybody; it was not necessary that other bodies should nominate. The effect of the hon. and learned Member's speech was that the Government were setting up an authority a large portion of which would necessarily he on the nomination of sectarian bodies. But that was not the effect of the Clause at all. It was only where the local authority deemed it desirable that bodies should be invited to nominate. The only compulsion was that of appointing some other persons who were not members of the Council, and they might appoint such persons on their own selection without the whatever. They might do exactly as the Hertford County Council had already done in anticipation of the passage of the Bill. That Council had appointed, to assist and advise them as to the best methods of carrying out the Act, a committee consisting of a majority of members of the County Council, with a number of person whom they themselves selectd—experts in education, having direct knowledge of 338 the needs of the district, and four persons nominated by a society on the invitation of the Council.
§ MR. ERNEST GRAY
The organization of Teachers for the County of Hertford, a non-political and non-sectarian organization. No committee could have been better designed for the work, and what had been done by the Hertford County Council would, in his judgment, be done by many other County Councils when the Bill came into operation.
It being half-past Seven of the clock, the Chairman left the Chair to make his Report to the House.
Committee report Progress; to sit again this evening. | <urn:uuid:6d198499-131a-4f8b-85ff-5e0eac58a805> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1902/nov/06/education-england-and-wales-bill-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970013 | 31,280 | 1.679688 | 2 |
EDND is actively involved in advocating for economic development programs and policies that give communities and regions a competitive advantage in attracting new businesses and expanding existing businesses.
Our Legislative Agenda outlines our priorities and the programs we supported during the 2021 Legislative Session.
Diversification is critical to make sure North Dakota does not become economically dependent upon one or two industry sectors. With tight competition for capital, human, and other resources, it is important to focus on investments that diversify our economy so that the state realizes the benefits of the current activity for generations.
North Dakota is no longer just competing with other states, but rather competing on a global scale. Companies are under increasing pressure to automate and streamline processes to lower costs. North Dakota’s business climate and primary sector support programs must meet the current challenges facing existing companies and be attractive to companies seeking expansion into the state.
Motivating individuals to engage in innovation and entrepreneurship is important for business development at the local and state level. Equal opportunities for successful entrepreneurial business development exist statewide regardless if you are a rural community or an urban center. Supporting an attractive and vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem is key to realizing the economic benefits of homegrown innovation.
A growing economy requires investment in essential community needs such as workforce, housing, childcare, community services, and quality of life amenities. In this time of unprecedented growth, it is critical that professional economic developers serve as the bridge between the economic development and community development needs of the state.
Economic developers convene leaders and facilitate necessary discussions to make things happen. With today’s growing workforce needs, economic development professionals serve a critical role of linking growing companies to education resources and research and development capacity. Investing in education creates an essential bond between industry and North Dakota’s educational institutions.
North Dakota has unmatched economic opportunity for industry and individuals.The state must support a quality of life that attracts and retains talent to maximize it’s growth potential.
Interim Commerce Committee– EDND supports the UAS industry and progress to address rural food concerns.
Education Policy Committee– EDND supports K-12 as an institution providing North Dakota’s future workforce and encourages innovative approaches such as the creation of career academies.
Legacy and Budget Stabilization Committee and Legacy Fund Earnings Committee– According to a recent survey to EDND members, 100 percent of those surveyed agreed the fund should be used to support infrastructure. Other uses of Legacy Fund earnings supported by EDND members include major economic development projects, workforce development, quality of life and community development projects, and K-12 education. A majority of EDND members believe only the interest should be utilized and that the fund should go primarily toward one-time projects.
Taxation Committee– EDND encourages the use of effective incentives as a way to diversify the economy and reduce the state’s dependence on one or two industry segments and attract and retain workforce.
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You may also mail correspondence to legislators. The proper way to address correspondence to legislators is as follows:
The Honorable John Doe
North Dakota Senator/Representative
City, State Zip
Dear Senator/Representative Doe
When contacting legislators, please follow these guidelines: | <urn:uuid:643b8ea5-d688-4d6e-ac84-5f098d90419f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ednd.org/legislative-info/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924266 | 710 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Wildfires and evacuations
Public and employee safety is our number one priority. We work closely with emergency response officials to monitor wildfire situations in the province, ensure public safety and protect our natural gas and electricity systems. With the high risk of summer forest fires in BC, we encourage you to prepare your property and create contingency plans so you’re ready for service outages. Learn more about what you and your family can to do to prepare for a wildfire at PreparedBC or Firesmart BC.
Natural gas and electricity service may be disrupted during a fire, so it’s important to create contingency plans for safely managing without service. We encourage you to have:
- an emergency kit with enough supplies for at least 72 hours, stored in a location easily found in the dark
- a safe, alternative method for preparing and storing food (never use outdoor cooking appliances indoors)
- hot water backup
- backup power with sufficient capacity to safely maintain:
- medical equipment or other critical equipment
- your water pump, if you have one
- lighting and space heating
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Important: if you choose to do any excavating or trenching on your property to help protect it from fire, contact BC 1 Call at bc1c.ca or 1-800-474-6886 beforehand to get location details of natural gas lines and other underground utilities. During a wildfire, these requests will be processed as emergencies.
Natural gas service during evacuation
FortisBC will maintain services to evacuated properties as long as it’s safe to do so. However, emergency officials may instruct us to shut off service, or we may need to shut off service to protect our natural gas or electricity systems.
Do not turn off your natural gas if you receive an evacuation order. We’ll turn off natural gas service as needed.
Your electricity service after an evacuation
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Your natural gas service when you return home after an evacuation
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- If you have concerns with your natural gas system, or if you smell rotten eggs or hear the sound of escaping gas, go outside and call the FortisBC 24-Hour Emergency Line at 1-800-663-9911 or dial 9-1-1.
Damaged natural gas appliances? Call a licensed gas contractor
Don’t try to put natural gas appliances back in service yourself, and don’t use any gas appliances that have been damaged until they have been thoroughly inspected by a licensed gas contractor.
The contractor will check, repair and test the pressure of all gas pipes that may have been affected by the forest fire, and they’ll make sure all your gas equipment is safe to operate.
If you smell rotten eggs or hear the sound of escaping gas, go outside and call the FortisBC 24-Hour Emergency Line at 1-800-663-9911 or dial 9-1-1. | <urn:uuid:6c8fad2b-689e-4d9e-b265-81eeb5e06018> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortisbc.com/safety-outages/preparing-for-emergencies/wildfires-and-evacuations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92324 | 856 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Title: I Will Always Remember
Type of Work: poem
Source: CMv1 9/11 Tribute edition
© Copyright 2002 Lindy
i will always remember that day, a day that will live in infamy,
as they said of pearl harbor and as they said
of the day that kennedy was shot.
a day that people will always remember; remembering where they were,
what they were doing, and how important all those mundane
little details called life seemed to them, right up until that very moment.
within those brief moments, all our lives changed;
and it was not on the radio, as it was during pearl.
it was not on film, with walter cronkite narrating
his shock at the loss of our camelot and it's king;
alternately struggling to suppress his emotion yet convey
his own feelings, and express the feelings of a shocked nation.
in those brief moments all our lives changed,
and it changed on live television, right before our very eyes.
in real time, a real tragedy, an affront to the very heart
and soul of human nature itself.
a shocked nation sat stunned and watched as her twin towers,
the world's trade center, was bombarded and was felled.
as her nation's very heart, it's pentagon was threatened
and was struck hard by a mighty blow.
a blow delivered by cowards, a blow delivered by those who believed
they were better than those they chose to attempt to destroy.
believing that that very faith and sacrifice would take them
to a higher plane. so planes they used,
with our very own people wrapped inside those packages of death;
held hostage, killed, murdered as they simply and innocently
went about their daily lives in that former sense of untouchabilty we had.
yes, i will always remember that day,
as i walked into my safe haven, my home.
coming in from a hard night at labor, working while most slept safely in their beds.
slept, unaware of the horror that awaited them in the morrow;
feeling so tired, so unappreciated and so unappreciative,
devoid of emotion, drained, feeling the futility that the real world can bring.
until the moment i turned it on, that harbinger of doom, that direct connection
to the horrors unfolding at that exact moment in time.
watching, in disbelief, over and over, replayed and analyzed
as if analysis would explain what had happened and why
and take the pain away, making it surreal to me.
and then, the phone rang. it was my hospital, my workplace;
the place i go nightly to heal and care for others who need my expertise.
it was my hospital calling me to say, "we've had a disaster,
are you available to go and serve in whatever capacity you are needed?
and can you be ready to go on a moment's notice?"
and i could only give one answer, say one word..."yes.
dear lord, yes, tell me what i can do to help."
and that was what those cowards did not see,
did not take into account when they thought to cripple us.
they thought our power was money, and our government was power.
but they are not americans, so how could they even begin
to understand her heart, her nature, her very soul?
how could they comprehend our dedication to stand by each other in a crisis,
with not even a fleeting thought of the sacrifice to self,
our ability to forget our own safety,
putting ourselves in harms way for the greater good.
that is what they, with all their planning, with all their cowardly
terrorist activity did not take into account.
the spirit of america and the spirit of her people.
and how, no matter that we may be divided among ourselves,
we will come together as one when threatened by evil forces
from puppet goverments. forgetting at once race and creed,
gender and sexual orientation; remembering only what we all are,
remembering only what is truly important to us.
that we are americans and we are free and we will stand and fight the tyranny
of those who brainwash their innocent children,
suck them into their heinous plans, to make them slaves
to their own government, their own puppetmaster.
they who think they have the right to take the lives of others
and crush them in their evil fist of wicked schemes to rule the world.
how could they understand, they are not americans.
and i will always remember that day, those feelings that overwhelmed me,
bringing tears to my eyes and a closing to my throat, choking off for that one
brief moment my ability to even breathe, but just for that moment.
those feelings of horror and of hope, of injustice and of standing and raging
against that same injustice; of the incredulity of the moment
and the instantaneous way they changed our lives, or tried to.
but they did not take into account that we are americans.
they did not take into account our spirit, our dedication, our strength.
not the strength of money or power, but the strength of spirit.
and i will always remember, i will never forget
how proud i am that i am an amercian.
(lindy elizabeth cox....written august 28, 2002) | <urn:uuid:47ba3a57-bf40-4002-ae1b-91150c4bdb55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mekulius.com/Library/W/LC010.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969077 | 1,156 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Preparing for my preliminary exams required a year of reading. After completing the exams on April 18, I pledged to continue tackling books at a steady pace. One book I recently read, Arab Spring Dreams: Freedom and Justice from North Africa to Iran, warrants special attention because its problematic on so many different levels. Ahmari’s anthology is a collection of essays written and submitted by the youth of the Middle East and North Africa. The aim of the project is to highlight the regions’ complexities through the vast array of personal struggles. According to the editors, Sohrab Ahmari and Nasser Weddady, the volume accepted essays from liberal youth and is designed to appeal to liberals in the west for the stated aim of enlisting the people of “the West” to help strengthen the liberal cause in the Middle East, whatever that means, in order to challenge dictatorship and fend off the rising “threat” of a seemingly monolithic “Islamist threat.”
Before I outline all the points I found seriously problematic within this book, let me say that it does at the same time serve a good purpose in that it brings attention to important issues that many people experience in different parts of the Muslim world ranging from homophobia, sexism, racism, corruption, election fraud, dictatorship, and more. Such taboo subjects, especially homophobia, warrant attention and rarely get it.
But the book’s major flaws do in fact overwhelm the positive aspects of the volume and I think it’s important to address them because these are issues important to anyone interested in the region or concerned with Middle Eastern studies, the politics of representation, or basic historical accuracy.
I’ll start with the minor issues and then gradually make my way to some of the more disturbing ones:
1- The title of the book is a bit misleading. Little about it has to do with the actual “Arab Spring” per se. I feel as though the editors picked such a title so as to appeal to the growing demand for books on the historic transnational uprising.
2- The little that is covered about the Arab Spring is simply inaccurate. On page 3, the editors describe Muhammad Bouazizi, the man whose self-emolation sparked the inferno of revolution across the region, as an unemployed university graduate. He never finished high school let alone obtained a undergraduate degree. His father died when he was young and he dropped out to work and support his family.
3- The editors write: “The world is now witnessing the dramatic awakening of a Middle Eastern civil rights movement as it is relentlessly beamed out via social media platforms and traditional media outlets.” The problem with this statement is that it seems to suggest that the Middle East was a place of apathy and that it has now, all of a sudden, awaken from its slumber. This is simply not true. There have been countless uprisings and rebellions throughout the regions history, especially during the modern period.
4- In one of the segments, the editors talk about one al-Abdullah. Seeing as though one of the editors is a native of Mauritania, I don’t understand why “Abdullah,” a possessive construction with the definite article “al” inherent to it or an “idhafa” in Arabic, needs an additional “al” as a prefix. In terms of Arabic grammar, this is simply incorrent.
5- On page 211, the editors write: “Regimes from the so-called resistance bloc (Iran, Syria, and Sudan)…” I’m sorry, but this is the first time I’ve ever heard of the Sudan being part of the resistance bloc. I’ve heard Iran, Syria, Hizbullah, and Hamas, but never Sudan. These countries and resistance groups are strategically closely aligned, or least they were… Hamas’ role is now under question and the Syrian regime may very well be on its last leg, but the Sudan is not aligned with them whatsoever. This is basic Middle East politics 101.
But I’m nitpicking, on to more pressing matters.
6- The editors write: “Modern Egypt is more closely associated with the brand of Arab nationalism embodied by Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser.” (pp 15) This not even remotely true! Nasser’s successor, Anwar Sadat, broke with Nasserism in every way, shape, and form, and this break was continued under Mubarak. The post-Nasser regimes betrayed Palestine, disavowed Arab socialism, and aligned with the US entirely. In all, Egypt has been governed for the past 40+ years under a system that is effectively anti-Nasser. Indeed, analysts jokingly stated that when Mubarak was ousted, Sadat was finally dead! The post-Nasser regimes even refused to have a mural, billboard, or statue in his honor and his non-mausoleum tomb, which I visited in ’08, stands in stark contrast to systems that venerate their larger-than-life revolutionary leaders. It almost seem as if the regime wanted you to forget Nasser and his legacy.
7- On page 25, the editors peddle this as historically accurate: Oil is still in demand, so are the wireline companies in odessa tx. “In 1941, however, the Allies–concerned by Reza Shah’s pro-Axis sympathies and the need to secure Iranian oil fields–forced him to abdicate in favor of his son, Muhammad Reza…” The Allies’ primary reason for invading Iran was not to secure oil but to use Iran as a transit route to arm and supply the Soviet war effort as the Nazis had invaded the USSR in the same year.
8- On page 174 the editors talk about Rafiq Hariri’s assassination as if there’s no controversy or debate. They simply say Hizbullah did it. There is no disclaimer that the event is a highly disputed one and that no really knows who did it and that this is simply their opinion. On the contrary, they simply state it as if it’s a fact and there’s no dispute. There is too much controversy around his assassination for one to simply make an accusation and not offer any nuance. Furthermore, they mention Iran’s support of Hizbullah in a very negative light, as if Saudis and others aren’t supporting rival factions in the Lebanon. The truth is, long before Iran supported Lebanon’s Shi’ite, other sectarian groups were aligned with other foreign powers. Today, those same groups, while accepting foreign support, denounce Hizbullah’s proximity to Iran. The hypocrisy of such one-sideness is, as argued by Shaery-Eisenlohr in Shi’ite Lebanon: Transnational Religion and the Making of National Identities, is to say that Lebanese Shi’ites should not be getting outside support and should not have a political voice and that they “should know their place” while all the others, mainly Lebanese Christians and Sunnis, can get outside support and have a legitimate claim to power. I surmise that Lebanese Shi’ites would take issue with such sentiment as them being without a voice in the past has effectively meant their domination by other Lebanese, Israelis, and the PLO.
9- A constant issue that surfaces over and over again in the book is that there is a Muslim world and a West, and these are two neatly categorized entities. There is a growing resistance amongst academics towards such “Islam vs the West” or “Islam and the West” paradigms and for good reason. To talk in such terms is to implicitly disavow the notion that there has been a give-and-take relationship for centuries; that ideas travel and that some things “western” had their origins in the “east” and vice-versa. There are no neat borders between the supposed two and these two “entities” are not monoliths. As much as the book aims to convey the complexities of the Muslim world, by using such an “East-West” paradigm they are perpetuating simplicities the editors seek to de-construct!
10- The editors write: “While many blame the US-led coalition for the ensuring bloodbath, the real blame belongs to the very ideologies that were clashing in Iraq. Doctrinal disputes notwithstanding, the worldviews of Sunni insurgents, anti-American Shi’a militias, and Ba’athists share a common denominator: a complete disregard for the value of human life.” Where do I begin with this rancid apology for the US invasion of Iraq!? For starters, let me remind the editors that before the war, Iraqi Sunnis and Shi’ites lived in mixed neighborhoods and intermarriage was common. Years of sanctions destroyed the middle class, the incubator of Iraq’s secular class, causing many to turn to sectarian institutions for support. The war also intensified sectarian issues as the Shi’ites, right or wrong, were considered collaborators with the US occupation as they had much to gain from the overthrow of the Sunni-led Ba’ath party. Additionally, I would say that the American military occupation is no less respectful of the value of human life than some of these militias. Any basic search on youtube will show you video game-like footage of American gunners just tearing Iraqis to pieces without any evidence of their wrongdoing. And, of course, there are American massacres that we know of like Haditha, and the many more we don’t know about.
11- And the granddaddy of them all is the editors’ final note: “Egyptian liberals face numerous challenges and formidable foes–including Islamists determined to impose their own nightmare-visions on Egyptian society…the question remains: will the West continue to dimiss Mideast democrats as before–or embrace them as they roll up thier sleeves to build their dreams?” I really was dumbfounded by this statement. The US never dismissed or ignored Mideast democrats as before, but actively fought, overthrew, and marginalized them and their voters. The US overthrew Iran’s democratic premier in 1953, installed an absolute dictator, and then armed him to the teeth against his own people. The US has sent over $100 billion in aid supporting Israel and by default its military occupation of Palestine, a blatantly anti-freedom occupation, urged elections in Palestine and then when the people voted in a way that the US disliked, then-president Bush worked hand-in-hand with Israelis to punish Palestinian civilians for the way they voted. The US has armed and bankrolled the most anti-democratic regimes in the region in the face of democratic struggles, from Egypt (especially post-Mubarak) to Saudi Arabia to even post-Saddam Iraq where the US tried to impose its own anti-democratic system of governance but had to back down in the face of widespread civil disobedience (see Juan Cole’s The Ayatollah’s of Iraq). If Ahmari and Weddady want genuine democracy in the region, the first entity they should petition is the US foreign policy establishment and demand that it stop subverting democracy in the Middle East! Furthermore, the editors talk about an Islamist nightmare as if all Islamists are bin Ladenites. It is a major fallacy to assume that all Islamists are alike and that all are bin Ladenites. A real democrat would ensure that they along with all other non-violent political forces (most Islamist groups have in fact eschewed violence!) have a stake in the political process. The editors ask their “western” readers to do anything they can to support “liberals” in the Muslim world. This is basic American arrogance 101. The assumption here is that Americans have an answer to other people’s problems. Not only should Americans not help as they don’t know the region and when they think they are helping, they could be in fact making things worse, but if they insist on helping, the first place they should start is with their own foreign policy that has not ceased to subvert democracy in the region.
As I said earlier, the anthology does serve a positive purpose, but the above points are so disturbing that they distract from the positive aspects of the book. | <urn:uuid:22171165-e684-4aab-aec2-e4b2d70d4a84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ipouya.com/review-of-sohrab-ahmaris-arab-spring-dreams-freedom-and-justice-from-north-africa-to-iran/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964733 | 2,578 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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At the Democratic Party presidential debate held this month in Ohio, the candidates sparred over topics that have so far defined the campaign: impeachment, the economy, gun safety, immigration, education, income inequality, corruption, the opioid epidemic, and of course, “Medicare for All.”
However, during a debate that lasted nearly three hours, less than 15 minutes was spent tackling foreign policy issues. The only one discussed was President Donald Trump’s recent decision to withdraw American troops from northeastern Syria, effectively green-lighting a Turkish invasion that resulted in the betrayal of our closest allies in the war against the Islamic State, the Syrian Kurds.
This has not been unusual. The Democrats have held four primary debates this year, and while they have featured substantive conversations on healthcare, staggering job wages, and immigration policy, that has not extended to the numerous foreign policy crises the next president will face. And that is not due to a shortage of pressing international issues – the Trump administration has attacked our closest allies and has withdrawn from or threatened to withdraw the United States from NATO, the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Iran nuclear deal, the INF treaty, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and the Paris Climate Accords. The president has launched a disastrous trade war with China that is damaging global economic growth and hurting consumers worldwide. He has failed to denuclearize the Korean Peninsula while conferring legitimacy on North Korea’s dictatorial ruler, Kim Jong-Un. And, to top it all off, Trump has botched repeated attempts to end the war in Afghanistan while nearly embroiling the US in another Middle Eastern war.
In other words, there are multiple avenues Democratic presidential candidates can take to attack Trump on foreign policy and draw meaningful contrasts with him, but they are missing valuable opportunities. The president has made America and the world less safe, but beyond vowing to end “endless wars” and withdraw American soldiers from Afghanistan and the Middle East, the 2020 Democrats hardly articulate that.
There is an old maxim in American politics that, “voters vote their pocketbooks,” or that voters look at the economy when choosing the president, but recent American history tells us otherwise. In past elections, candidates have successfully used foreign policy issues to attack the opposing party for endangering American national security. A look back on some of these elections tells us current Democrats should do the same.
Cold War tensions dominated the 1960 presidential campaign between Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon. Three years earlier, the Soviet Union (USSR), America’s chief geopolitical rival, launched Sputnik, the first human-made satellite, into orbit around Earth. The satellite’s launch unleashed a wave of fear and panic across the American public that the US had technologically fallen behind the Soviets. Two years later, the Cuban Revolution brought Fidel Castro to power, and by early 1960, he had firmly aligned himself with the USSR, raising alarms about a potential spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere. And, during the heat of the campaign, a CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory and its pilot captured, causing a major international embarrassment for the United States and reinforcing fears America was vulnerable to Soviet attack. Public opinion polls at the time showed more than half of Americans thought war with the Soviet Union was “inevitable.”
Kennedy seized on this to attack incumbent President Dwight Eisenhower, and by extension, Nixon, as “soft” on communism and defense. His critiques were exemplified by his claims that the Republicans had allowed a “missile gap” to open up between the US and the USSR, and that the Soviets had an advantage in nuclear missile counts. Kennedy also repeatedly hammered Eisenhower for ignoring professional military officers, who warned that his administration’s reliance on nuclear weapons as a deterrent against a Soviet attack was a strategic mistake.
As Nixon struggled to respond to Kennedy’s attacks, Kennedy’s ability to paint striking contrasts with Nixon on foreign policy helped him narrowly carry the election. Kennedy promised to close the missile gap and regain superiority in the Cold War. It was a valuable lesson Nixon would remember during his second run for the White House.
Eight years later, Nixon ran for president again on a platform of restoring domestic stability and ending the Vietnam War. By 1968, America had been ripped apart by Vietnam, and a growing antiwar movement had led a majority of Americans to oppose the war. Nixon tapped into these sentiments by relentlessly attacking Democratic President Lyndon Johnson’s handling of the war, while the Democrats were bitterly divided between pro- and anti-Vietnam camps. Nixon was so convinced the war would help him win the presidency that he attempted to scuttle Johnson’s Vietnam peace talks days before the election. Nixon narrowly won, and it is clear his pledge to end the Vietnam War played a substantial role. Nixon learned from 1960 that using foreign policy issues in an election as a political tool can help lift you to victory.
During the 1980 campaign, Ronald Reagan pitched voters on two simple, interconnected promises: repairing American economic health and restoring American military strength vis-à-vis the Soviet Union. Reagan pledged to raise national defense spending, which a slim majority of Americans believed was too low. He denounced incumbent President Jimmy Carter’s foreign policy, claiming Carter had made America weak and that the country was being taken advantage of by its enemies. His criticisms were reinforced by daily television coverage of the Iran hostage crisis, which reminded Americans that Carter had failed to rescue 52 Americans being held prisoner in Tehran after anti-American students stormed the US Embassy there. The hostage crisis, combined with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, a weak economy, and American perceptions that its nation was in decline, contributed to Reagan’s landslide victory over Carter.
In the twenty-first century, foreign policy has continued to play a major role in presidential campaigns. The 2004 election was a referendum on President George W. Bush’s “War on Terrorism” and his decision to invade Iraq. According to election exit polls, 34 percent of respondents said either the Iraq War or terrorism were their top concerns followed by the economy at 20 percent. Four years later, Barack Obama made ending the Iraq War one of his core promises if he was elected President, and his critiques of Bush’s approach to foreign policy was a staple of his stump speech. In the last election, Trump pledged to end endless wars and remove American forces from Afghanistan and the Middle East, which strongly resonated with voters fatigued with overseas military adventures.
Now, it is the Democrats’ chance to turn the foreign policy tables on Trump. His foreign policy (or lack of foreign policy is more precise) has left America isolated and vulnerable. He has squandered American leadership and retreated from the world, leaving hostile powers to benefit from our missing presence. Recent presidential elections have shown that effective foreign policy critiques can help persuade voters to shift course, and Trump has given Democrats no shortage of ammunition. They would be wise to take advantage of it.
Grant Golub is a PhD candidate in International History at LSE. His research focuses on American foreign relations and diplomatic history. He holds a BA in History and American Studies from Princeton University and an MSc in History of International Relations from LSE. | <urn:uuid:f3dd3e86-d6bf-4e20-a890-75c8c1d04987> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lseih/2019/10/31/donald-trump-is-weak-on-foreign-policy-and-the-democrats-are-blowing-it-a-historical-perspective/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968612 | 1,489 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Maikki Nekton was 32 years old when she had a life-saving liver transplant, thanks to her good friend, Jenifer DeMattia, who donated a portion of her own liver to Maikki.
Prior to the transplant, Maikki worked as a clinical social worker in the Maryland school system and for nonprofit organizations. Jenifer was her co-worker, and they became fast friends. Long-distance running was a shared passion, with the two women participating in 10K races and half-marathons whenever possible.
In April 2014, while training, Maikki began experiencing pain in her right hip. It was diagnosed as a stress fracture, which doctors said was rare for someone so young.
"I dealt with it for about two months and didn't get any answers," she says. "Then, in June, I became extremely itchy all over my body. The doctor said it was a virus, and I would be fine. But about a week or so later, it looked as if someone had beaten me up. I had bruises all over my legs, and the itching had become much worse."
After returning to the doctor, Maikki was diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis, or PSC, a disease of the bile ducts that causes inflammation and scarring, which in turn causes liver damage. Having lived with ulcerative colitis most of her life, Maikki learned that 80 percent of people with PSC also have ulcerative colitis.
She was quickly referred to a doctor who believed Maikki had cancer, but biopsy results were inconclusive. In an attempt to take control of the situation, Maikki began conducting her own research and soon contacted Mayo Clinic.
In August, Maikki was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma, a cancer of the ducts that drain bile from the liver. Because she had PSC, Maikki was more susceptible to the cancer, and the disease progressed quickly. Within two weeks of her initial visit to Mayo Clinic's Rochester campus, Maikki was identified as a potential liver transplant candidate.
After receiving the all-clear to proceed with transplant preparation, Maikki was put on a six-week treatment protocol that included radiation therapy twice a day, as well as chemotherapy and brachytherapy, a form of internal radiation therapy. While she was receiving this treatment, Maikki was placed on the deceased donor waiting list, and she remained in Rochester, Minnesota.
"It sounds so cliché, but I really, truly lived day-to-day," she says. "I went into survival mode, thinking, 'What do I have to do today that will get me to tomorrow?' You can't think long-term because you can't imagine yourself being sick for that long."
After completing the six-week treatment schedule, Maikki went home. But she returned to Rochester for appointments in November. At that time, Jenifer came with her to be tested as a potential living donor. Within a week, Jenifer was notified that she was an acceptable match.
Living donor liver transplantation would allow Maikki to have the transplant much sooner than would be possible with a deceased donor. That would lower the risks of cancer progression and problems with infection from the radiation therapy while waiting for a liver to become available.
With the preparations for surgery underway, all was proceeding smoothly. And then, during a staging procedure just one day before her scheduled transplant, cancer cells were found in one of Maikki's lymph nodes. The transplant was canceled. The focus switched to how Maikki's care team could prolong her life.
"That was the first time I was told I was going to die," she says. "When cholangiocarcinoma metastasizes, it happens very quickly."
But after a few days, Maikki received unexpected news from Charles Rosen, M.D., one of the leaders of the cholangiocarcinoma protocol at Mayo Clinic. Although the preliminary pathology examination on frozen tissue showed cancer, no cancer was seen in the permanent preparation available two days later. As a result, the transplant team decided to move forward with the transplant after all.
On Dec. 19, 2014, Maikki and Jenifer headed into surgery. The procedure went well. Jenifer was back in Maryland before the new year. Meanwhile, Maikki stayed at Mayo Clinic through the end of January. To combat any cancer cells that may have remained after the transplant, Maikki also received six months of chemotherapy when she returned home.
Maikki says one of the most positive outcomes of her experience was the quality time she was able to spend with her friends and family.
"I can't tell you how many hours my best friends spent lying in bed with me and talking, just to keep me company and help me keep my mind off the immense pain and sickness," she says. "My co-workers were amazingly supportive, and my family took weeks from their own lives just to be by my side."
Maikki's experience changed her outlook on life and inspired her to pursue a career change. Maikki now works as a family advocate for tissue donation for the Living Legacy Foundation of Maryland, giving back in a way that is different, yet close to home and very personal.
The experience had a similar effect on Jenifer, who also made a career change. She now works alongside Maikki as a donor services coordinator for the Living Legacy Foundation.
"When you've been told twice that you're going to die, you give yourself permission to do things you may not have done in the past," Maikki says. "It becomes a different sort of thought process."
Maikki looks forward to the days when she will be able to run half-marathons with Jenifer again. And she is constantly thankful to her friend for her generosity and selflessness.
"I cannot tell you what a gift it was that Jenifer gave me. There is no possible way to express my gratefulness. I would not be here if it weren't for her," Maikki says. "It has been amazing to witness the true kindness and love of Jenifer and others who choose to give the gift of life through donation."
Maikki is also grateful to the team at Mayo Clinic who cared for her and Jenifer throughout the transplant process.
"Mayo Clinic is a well-oiled machine, but it doesn't feel like a machine. There is so much care, attention and time given to each individual patient, and what they are feeling and experiencing. From what I have seen, this is unlike anywhere else," Maikki says. "Each doctor is an expert and has a specialty. But they all work together and are not afraid to ask one another's opinion. Everyone on your team has phenomenal bed-side manners and makes you feel safe and cared for." | <urn:uuid:a63862f8-632f-4e3e-98cd-103b355e89a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sharing.mayoclinic.org/2017/03/31/friends-generosity-and-successful-transplant-give-maikki-nekton-a-new-way-of-looking-at-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.985524 | 1,441 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The USPSTF that year changed its screening recommendations, advising that women ages 40 to 49 consult with their physicians on whether to undergo screening. The group previously had advised routine screening for these women.
A group from Brigham and Women's Hospital decided to analyze the impact of the new USPSTF position on mammography screening rates by analyzing volume for women 40 to 49, and for all women. Their data pool came from nearly 28,000 women who were asked about their mammography use in 2005, 2008, and 2011 in the National Health Interview Survey, a household survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population.
The researchers found that 51.9% of women of all age groups reported undergoing mammography in 2008, a rate that rose to 53.6% in 2011, an increase that was statistically insignificant (p > 0.07). Among women in the 40 to 49 age group, mammography rates rose from 46.1% of women in 2008 to 47.5% in 2011, also a statistically insignificant increase (p > 0.38).
The researchers said that their results mirror those of a study using Medical Expenditures Panel Survey data, which indicated that from 2009 to 2010, self-reported rates of mammography over the past two years did not change significantly in either women in their 40s or women in their 50s.
The research team, led by Dr. Lydia Pace, speculated as to several possible reasons for the lack of change. For one, uptake of the revised USPSTF guidelines could have been delayed, and the study could have been too early to detect a decline. What's more, many healthcare providers and women themselves may have disagreed with the new guidelines, as indicated in several research studies published after 2009.
The researchers acknowledged the recent controversy over the benefits and harms of mammography screening, such as false-positive exams, as well as the concept of "overdiagnosis," or the detection and treatment of lesions that may not pose a threat during a woman's lifetime.
"Experts disagree about both the magnitude of benefits and harms of screening (particularly in younger women) and whether the potential harms should impact screening practices for low-risk women," the authors wrote. "Furthermore, the importance of false-positive results and overdiagnosis for an individual patient may depend on that individual's personal characteristics and values."
Copyright © 2013 AuntMinnie.com | <urn:uuid:18024792-ba90-49f2-9103-27d2e74b1a4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=log&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.auntminnie.com%2findex.aspx%3fsec%3dsup%26sub%3dwom%26pag%3ddis%26ItemID%3d103188 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970888 | 491 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Fresh threat to Hinkley as French nuclear plant faces new safety tests
French nuclear group EDF has confirmed it will carry out further tests on the reactor vessel at the heart of the new Flamanville-3 nuclear plant in Normandy, the same reactor model as the one planned for Hinkley Point in Somerset.
In a statement the firm conceded that problems in the steel casing for one reactor vessel extended beyond the point they have so far tested.
Or, in their own words:
“Initial analyses conducted on two parts similar to those at Flamanville 3 have shown that the carbon segregation phenomena extend beyond mid-thickness on one of them.
As specified in the initial strategy approved by the ASN, the material sampling and related tests will be extended to three-fourths of the thickness of the part concerned.”
One year earlier…
The latest batch of tests comes after concerns were raised a year ago about the safety of the reactor vessel because of worries that the steel may not be as strong as expected.
The French nuclear regulator is expected to rule on whether the reactor vessel is safe around the end of this year / start of next year.
The long-delayed Flamanville reactor in Normandy is seen as a prototype for Hinkley, the UK’s first new nuclear plant in a generation.
If France’s regulator rules the reactor non-compliant construction could be delayed for years and costs could spiral.
Loan guarantees offered by the UK government are also conditional on EDF completing a similar plant elsewhere.
In its announcement EDF insisted the new tests would not delay the project though reports in France suggest it will delay submission to the regulator – and, therefore, the regulator’s sign off on the plant.
The problems with the reactor vessel have exacerbated concerns in France of the ability of EDF to build a nuclear plant.
In addition to the problems forging the reactor vessel the engineers claim there have also been delays with the welding of the main Flamanville circuit and problems with EDF’s refurbishment programme on existing plants.
Earlier this month a steam generator was dropped whilst EDF attempted to refurbish the Paluel nuclear power plant in France. The issue is still being investigated.
Commenting on the situation the engineers suggested it would take three to four years for France’s nuclear industry to return to the “required level of excellence” and that the UK reactor should be redesigned to make it simpler and easier to build.
EDF has published a letter by 100 of its engineers saying they are confident in their ability to make the UK project a success — by learning from the experiences of Flamenville and other delayed projects in China and Finland.
Speaking to the UK’s energy and climate select committee EDF’s Managing Director of Nuclear New Build said the Flamanville problem was “an anomaly relative to an engineering standard, and the task for the EDF engineers and Areva is to study the dome that they have and demonstrate that it is safe beyond any possible doubt.”
“We are very confident that we have a clear solution to ensure that the reactor pressure vessel for the UK will be built using slightly different manufacturing methods, which will eliminate the problem that has arisen in other forging,” he added.
What’s actually wrong with the Flamanville reactor
In April last year anomalies were found in the reactor vessel at the heart of EDF’s new nuclear plant, Flamanville-3.
Essentially the vessel – and a similar version tested earlier — were found to have a higher than expected carbon concentration at the top and bottom of the unit.
Too much carbon may reduce the mechanical toughness of the steel — posing safety concerns.
Since then EDF has been carrying out a series of tests on carbon content and mechanical toughness under the supervision of the French nuclear regulator.
Having found higher than expected amounts of carbon in initial tests the latest batch of measurements are designed to go deeper into the vessel.
EDF hopes that the more than 1,200 samples from three units will show the vessels meet safety standards however should the regulator demand changes it could mean substantial delays to EDF’s nuclear plans around the world. | <urn:uuid:c23875f8-4a49-44e6-81c6-fbb8a57bb0be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2016/04/14/nuclear-risk-to-uk-nuclear-plan-as-french-prototype-hit-by-fresh-problems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953651 | 879 | 1.5625 | 2 |
An excerpt from the second part of the series referenced earlier today
How did we get here? Partly it’s because too many editors and reporters waited too long to learn Web basics, and many of the more enthusiastic early adopters fled the newsroom and took their expertise with them. Partly the problem is generational, and thus gradually being solved.
But a big part of it is Google’s responsibility. Google is a great tool because it draws meaning from links. And it is a profitable company because it has placed a tiny but real financial value on many links. But by making links a business, Google also made it harder for editors and writers to defend responsible linking. Links became the province of the publisher, not the editor. Even so, Google — and the Web itself — works best when links are made freely, motivated by passion or professional dedication or fun. When the links are made for a fractional cent or buck, we get spam and malware and wastelands of zombie splogs. | <urn:uuid:91c52793-97e4-42f1-8329-b1ad6bfabb4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pbokelly.blogspot.com/2010/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969187 | 205 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has grown as a topic of interest, especially in the last few years. With growing awareness and environmental challenges, consumers around the world have started demanding more and more organizations adopt practices that are more environmentally friendly. Firms around the world have now started seeing the benefits of implementing these Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices and adopting them anyway. This research is based on finding out the impact of adopting Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices and how it impacts firm performance. Four measures of the GSCM have been taken; Green information systems, reverse logistics, green manufacturing, and eco-design. 201 responses have been recorded through questionnaires sent online to individuals who are associated with the supply chain department of any firm operating in Karachi. The impact of these measures was seen individually and their aggregate impact on the firm performance was calculated. With its main objective to find if the impact of the GSCM practices on firm performance is significant or not, the study aims to inspire and help more firm managers make the decision about whether or not they should adopt GSCM practices in their firm.
Al-Sheyadi, A., Muyldermans, L., & Kauppi, K. (2019). The complementarity of green supply chain management practices and the impact on environmental performance. Journal of environmental management, 242, 186-198.
Akhtar, P. (2019). DRIVERS OF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN INITIATIVES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN’S MANUFACTURING SECTOR. Journal of Competitiveness, 11(2), 5-18.
Choi , S. B., Min, H., & Joo, H. Y. (2018). Examining the inter-relationship among competitive market environments, green supply chain practices, and firm performance. The International Journal of Logistics Management.
Choi, D., & Hwang, T. (2015). The impact of green supply chain management practices on firm performance: the role of collaborative capability. Operations Management Research, 8(3), 69-83.
Famiyeh, S., Kwarteng, A., Darko, D. A., & Dadzie, S. A. (2018). Green supply chain management initiatives and operational competitive performance . Benchmarking: An International Journal.
Fang, C., & Zhang, J. (2018). Performance of green supply chain management: A systematic review and meta analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 1064-1081.
Green, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham , J., & Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(3), 290-305.
Jawaad, M., & Zafar, S. (2020). Improving sustainable development and firm performance in emerging economies by implementing green supply chain activities. Sustainable Development, 28(1), 25-38.
Khan, A. R., & Qianli, D. (2017). Impact of green supply chain management practices on firms’ performance: an empirical study from the perspective of Pakistan. CrossMark, 29-44.
Mitra, S., & Datta, P. P. (2014). Adoption of green supply chain management practices and their impact on performance: an exploratory study of Indian manufacturing firms . International Journal of Production Research, 52(7), 2085-2107.
Mumtaz , U., Ali, Y., Petrillo, A., & De Felice, F. (2018). Identifying the critical factors of green supply chain management: Environmental benefits in Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment, 640-641, 144-152.
Sharma, V., Chandna, P., & Bhardwaj, A. (2017). Green supply chain management related performance indicators in agro industry: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 1194-1208.
Siddiqui, D. A., & Ikram, M. N. (2019). Effect of Green Supply Chain Management on Environmental Performance and Export Performance: A Case Study of Textile Industries in Pakistan. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 3(4), 1006-1019.
Younis, H., Sundarakani, B., & Vel, P. (2016). The impact of implementing green supply chain management practices on corporate performance. Competitiveness Review, 26(3), 216-245.
Zafar, S., & Jawaad, M. (2019). Improving sustainable development and firm performance in emerging economies by implementing green supply chain activities. Sustainable Development, 1-14.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:5faf5768-d1bd-4fb7-8dd6-1294eab2013c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gjmasuok.com/index.php/gjmas/article/view/96 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.830764 | 1,028 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Fiction to Fame
The Life Story of an Inspirational Australian Artist and Author
Author: Lady Danielle Simone
Ever Wondered What it Takes to be a Fiction Writer?
International Author Lady Danielle Simone shares her story of living with and growing up with a mother who is an inspirational Australian Artist and Author and how their family life influenced her Art and writing.
Lady Danielle shares her mother Maureen Crawford’s journey from the influences, pressures and struggles, to her inspiring successes. You will see Maureen’s art work, beginning with landscapes and portraits, to her growth and changes after art school, and following on with her successful book ‘Way to Alternatives’. | <urn:uuid:685e783a-e392-4286-95b7-e52012a560f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalpublishinggroup.com.au/authors/lady-danielle-simone/fiction-to-fame/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92432 | 148 | 1.5 | 2 |
At the Antique Fair at Nelson Mandela Square, Upper and Lower Levels,
Sunday 7th July 2019 – 9am to 4pm
As one of the oldest monthly table-top antique fairs in South Africa, the Antique Fair at Nelson Mandela Square continues to celebrate and whet your appetite for the art of collecting by focusing on different collecting disciplines every month.
The Antique Fair on Sunday 7th July celebrates some of the most delicate, most beautiful and most precious items that man has ever produced – glassware. Antique dealers specialising in glassware will be putting out their best wares whilst the general dealers will scour their sources to find those unique pieces that will catch the eye of the avid collector or simply make you fall in love with glass.
One of man’s more noble and ‘green’ inventions as it is made from naturally found materials and is fully recyclable, glass basically consists of sand with the addition of an alkaline flux to help it melt at a lower temperature and a stabiliser, usually lime, to toughen it. Various metallic oxides such as iron, lead, copper, cobalt, gold etc as well as impurities in the sand all added to creating glass’ unique decorative effect.
There is magic in the way light bounces off its translucent surface, the eye-catching colours or the fluid shapes and patterns that makes antique and decorative glassware so appealing.
Whilst Glass was produced as early as the Bronze Age, antique glass-making was thought to have appeared in Mesopotamia about 3 000 years BC. It reached Egypt by 1540 BC where glass techniques used complex moulding and shaping techniques with coloured glass, trailed decoration, even double-walled pieces containing gold leaf decoration and by the first few centuries B.C. the millefiore style had already been invented.
Although the Romans mass produced glassware for containers and glasses for their growing empire they are also credited with creating the cameo cut as seen in their Portland Vase from the end of the first century BC. Glass features strongly in religions with the Islamic Kingdom from the 7th Century producing colourful and innovative designs, engraving, gilding and using lustre decoration whilst the Christian religions used stained glass windows in their churches.
But it was the Venetians in the fifteenth century who took the art of glass blowing to another level and became the leading glass makers in the world and continue to this day to be leaders in the craft with art glass produced from the late-19th through the mid-20th Century considered the pinnacle of glassmaking and one of the most popular eras to collect in the market.
Glassware is one of the easiest collections to start as you will find something to suit every budget.
– if you just love the intensity of colour in glass or need to decorate with it, you will find a wealth of affordable vintage glassware at the antique fairs – from antique bottles to depression glass (made during the mid-1920’s to 1930’s), carnival glass with its iridescent finish made in the early 20th Century to the opaque milk glass.
– Art glass has become highly collectable and has a contemporary appeal. Designed and crafted by artists, these stunning pieces function more as art sculptures. Top of the list are creations by Lalique, the many mid-Century Murano artists as well many of the Scandinavian Art Glass makers.
– Clear and crystal glass – whether in the form of a set of exquisite crystal cut wine glasses or trendier Art Deco martini glasses to the classic decanter, investing in good quality glassware is a must.
Come in from the cold this winter…. to the warmth of the Antique Fair under the porticos of Nelson Mandela Square on Sunday 7th July from 10am to 4pm.
For further information contact Clyde Terry on 082 883 4933 or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
Media Liaison: Giuli Osso on 083 377 6721 or email email@example.com | <urn:uuid:ab6ff2fa-963f-4fcb-af6e-1764526ce94d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecollector.co.za/celebrating-spectacular-glassware/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952474 | 843 | 1.765625 | 2 |
In honor of the fourth anniversary of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear disaster that devastated the region, Japanese art collective Chim↑Pom created a group exhibition titled Don't Follow the Wind inside three buildings within the Fukushima exclusion zone. Ai Weiwei was a participating artist and The Creators Project interviewed him to speak about his art and his get his general impressions about the theme of the project. Here are excerpts from that interview:
I am an artist. My artistic method and also it's—you could say that both subject matter and my methods are not confined to one style, but rather take many forms. Each piece is different, even styled with different time periods or problems that have caught my attention in mind. There is a big change.
I have a great many interests—from simple, experienced perceptions of daily life to more complicated themes like aesthetics or sociology. My work touches on all of these. I have pieces based on both written language and pictures. I have even done documentaries, installations, and sculptures. Sound-based pieces. Basically, I explore all modes of expression.
The nuclear leak in Fukushima, Japan was a really serious incident. Because, as we all know, satisfying modern energy needs in the world, and nuclear energy itself, both come with potential dangers. These are guaranteed to capture people's attention because the devastation that could possibly result is massive. On this topic, everyone will feel worried for this world. Because we still use a large amount of nuclear energy. The potential dangers of it have always existed.
When this Japanese organization [Chim↑Pom], an artist organization, contacted me and asked me to do this piece, I told them that I really need at least half a year or more to finish.
As I was saying, it was the nuclear leak issue that caught my interest. In many ways, there was a connection between this program and my past work. One way was the themes that this piece touched on and how it touched on some real-life problems. For me, this was very new.
I was very interested in the possibility of this project's development. All pieces of art themselves are some kind of invasion. Their relationship is a kind of disturbance or invasion of reality. They call into question or pose questions to reality. Or sometimes they are a kind of criticism. My work also has this kind of function.
Nuclear radiation itself is a threat to humanity—a disaster. Then, the mode of expression for this disaster should have an appropriate relationship to it. I think that nuclear energy and nuclear radiation are problems for all of humanity, a collective issue. It is not limited by nationality.
Watch the documentary on Don't Follow the Wind below: | <urn:uuid:7953184c-b0dd-4240-88bf-d47be6d193ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vice.com/en/article/z4qwxw/ai-weiwei-on-the-perils-of-nuclear-power | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976629 | 548 | 1.835938 | 2 |
A seismic cable bracing restraint system designed to secure non-structural equipment during seismic events.
CHUM Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
Gripple’s GS12 seismic bracing system proved perfect for the bracing of pipework at the CHUM Hospital in Montreal due to its flexibility during installation. The system is specifically designed and engineered to brace and secure suspended nonstructural equipment to minimize damage from an earthquake seismic event.
| TIME SAVINGS
- Building Type: Medical
- Consultant: Pageau Morel
- Main Contractor: Pomerleau
- MEP Contractor: Lambert Somec
- Building Structure: Concrete
- Services: Pipework bracing
The Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM Hospital) in Montreal, Quebec is one of two major healthcare networks in the city of Montreal, Quebec. It is a teaching institution affiliated with the French-language Université de Montréal and is one of the largest hospitals in Canada. The hospital provides over 349,000m² floorspace and delivers 772 single-bed rooms.
The 22-storey concrete building is a design and build hospital project and has LEED silver level status.
For this project Gripple was asked to supply seismic bracing for pipework in the building. There was a large challenge as the ceiling space was very congested with other services and so a solution was needed for the bracing that would not take up too much space. The Gripple GS12 kits proved a perfect solution to this problem due to the space-saving nature of the kits.
The cable bracing kits offer flexibility as they can be fitted around existing services and they are supplied ready to use reducing the installation time and the amount of materials on-site. Each Gripple seismic bracing kit comes with its own safe working load rating, selection of cable lengths, pre-attached end fittings, and bracket. The GS12 kits have a design strength (LRFD) of 1,050 lbs.
As part of our Engineering services, Gripple will ensure that the bracing meets the seismic design requirements of the nonstructural components as related to weight loads and types of connections.
“The Gripple seismic bracing solutions are fast, flexible and easy to manage on-site as they are delivered in one bag as ready-to-use kits. It’s been a big labor saver for us using Gripple.”
Dominic Gendron, Foreman, Lambert Somec
|Gripple solution||Traditional method|
|Overview||GS12 Kits||Spools of cable, thimble, Crosby clamps, brackets, crimps|
|Installation time||25 hours||200 hours|
|Labour rate (per hour)||$60||$60|
|Total labour cost||$1,500||$12,000|
Why use Gripple?
- Innovative, patented solutions designed by an in-house team of engineers
- Considerable reductions in packaging, vehicle movements & embodied CO2
- A range of support services at every stage of your project, provided by our technical team.
- A range of support services at every stage of your project, provided by a dedicated technical team | <urn:uuid:d25782ae-75ef-4dce-8c67-5fe572115524> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gripple.com/en-ca/about-gripple/case-studies/chum-hospital-montreal-quebec-eng-seismic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919697 | 749 | 1.632813 | 2 |
When you find yourself manually fixing a problem time and time again, you will probably start thinking of automating the problem away. You wouldn’t be here if you didn’t. Automate provides a whole lot of great systems to make problems go away forever. Today we are going to tackle one such example. I love using real world examples, so todays target will be NLA on RDP. Ensuring it is enabled is a simple but important step to keeping your clients secure. Automate actually makes this pretty easy with scripts. As any seasoned Automate administrator knows, the scripting engine in Automate is as powerful as it is terrible. So let’s tackle this problem with a script, why not?
Let’s start by outlining what we want to achieve.
- Check if a computer has NLA turned off. The Internet tells me the registry key for that is
- Turn it on. The internet tells me that
SecurityLayerneeds to be set to a DWORD of 1.
Well, that’s easy enough to start with. Go to Automation > View Scripts to see your existing scripts. As always, I recommend creating a branded folder so you don’t have to hunt for the folder when you need it. I recommend creating one called
___[CompanyInitials] - Scripts in Production, obviously replacing
[CompanyInitials] with your own company. The ___ is there to ensure your newly created folder comes first. Then a sub folder, something along the lines of “Config Tweaks”. Now that the folders are created, go to them and create your new script.
I recommend branding your scripts too, making them easier to find and if there are factory ones that have similar names, you always know which ones you created. I’m going to name this one
[CompanyInitials] - Enable NLA on Windows Machines. It’s descriptive of what we are doing, while not being too long. Before going any further, go ahead and hit the “Create” button. That will now turn into a save button. “Save early, save often” my momma always told me.
Let’s get down to business. At the beginning of the script part, you see an “IF” with a dropdown right next to it saying “True”. That divides your script into two results of the initial if, “Then” and “Else”. This if statement works exactly like every if statement you have ever wrote. Don’t get used to it though, this is the only one in the scripting engine that does work the way you expect. Let’s drop that down and choose “Registry Check”. Some new boxes popped up. This is pretty self explanatory. Put the registry key we listed above in the
Registry Key box. Switch Compare to
=, and lastly, lets put
0 in the
To box. That’s going to split the script between the Then and Else sections. If the registry equals 0, we know that NLA is disabled, and the then processes.
Let’s get the simply case out of the way first, the Else. This is for when the registry key turning of NLA isn’t set to
0. We need to add just a simple note in there, stating the script is exiting because NLA is already turned on. Right click on the white space below Else and click Add. Now there’s a new screen. And what a screen it is. Important things to note are: Function, this is a list of things to do. Below function, these input boxes change depending on what function you choose. OS, this will make a commany only apply to certain OSs, we’ll use this later. Continue on Failure Checkbox, if the function errors, normally the entire script comes to an end, but often this is not the right thing, so checking this will keep the script going, even on failure.
Time to drop down that function box. The function we want right now is
Script Log Message. This will place whatever you put in the Message box into the script log on the machine it is ran on. That’s super important to give feedback to the result of a script. In this case, simply write something like “NLA is already disabled on this machine, Exiting script”.
Moving back to the Then section, let’s finally do what we came here to do. Add a new function and swap the function to
Registry Set Value.
Registry Value is pretty self explanatory, so is
Data, but don’t forget to set the proper
Data Type. In this case we want
Great, but as we did in the Else section, we really should note that we made the change in the script log. Add a
Script Log Message and note that you made the change. Go ahead and save the script again.
And that’s it, a basic script. Nothing fancy, but it does the job. Just run this script on any machine that needs to be fixed.
Coming in part 2, detecting the bad state, and automatically triggering the script to fix it. | <urn:uuid:b9785e26-433e-4fad-a8b5-197712cf02c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dbeta.com/2020/04/08/AutoRemediationWithScriptsAndMonitorsPart1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.905629 | 1,142 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Car lights are like the eyes of a car, whether it is day or night, it plays a role, but because it is mainly glass electronic products, it is relatively delicate. If used and maintained improperly, the life of the car lights will be reduced and a series of failures will occur. Therefore, if you understand the relevant knowledge of the use of car lights, you can better use the car lights to ensure driving safety
Why does PART1 car lights fail?
In addition to the normal life of the car lights, the problem of the car lights is generally related to the quality of the car lights, and the other is related to illegal modification. The headlight* is afraid of water ingress. If the car lights are not sealed well, there will be water vapor, the filaments will be easily burned out, and the reflective surface will easily change color. Therefore, there will be problems with the light emitted after a failure.
If the car owner finds that the car lights are foggy when driving in the morning, wipe it off and turn on the lights. If the fog disappears within 40 minutes, then the lights will not be a big problem, and if the fog from the lights is still an hour later, That means there is a problem with the sealing of the car lights. Whether there will be problems with car lights, first of all, it is related to the quality, and the other is related to the installation. If there is a problem in the maintenance process of the car lights, and the coordination between the different procedures is not good enough, it may be that the seal is not good.
How PART2 avoids car lights from malfunctioning
If you want to prevent abnormal malfunction of the car lights, you must pay attention to the usual usage. First of all, the car lights should not be soaked in water. When the car is driving, the water splashing from the front will generally have no effect on the lights. If the front cover is opened during the car wash, the water pressure gun is used to flush the engine and lights. , Then the car lights are very easy to get water at this time, some manufacturers stipulate that when washing the car, only a cloth can be used to scrub the engine, not water. Because the plastic used in the fixed installation position of the car lamp is only dustproof, but not waterproof.
Car lights *It is better to use original parts, and illegally modified car lights may melt, burst, and reflect improperly. In the process of installing car lights, Toyota stipulates that you cannot touch the bulbs with your hands, because if sweat is left on the lights, the lights may burst. In addition, when the car lights are modified, they must meet the original requirements of the car, such as the wattage specified for the car lights, whether the lamp is a hernia lamp or a halogen lamp, etc. It is relatively easy to distinguish the situation that the car lights are fogged, and other situations occur. It must be overhauled quickly. Now there are more electronic components used in car lights, and more high-voltage electricity is used, so you must be careful about the voltage of the car lights when refitting.
How does PART3 car owner self-check the lamp failure
If the car owner feels that the lights are not very suitable or unsatisfactory when used, it is best to go to the 4S shop for repair or debugging. The high beam has no condensing effect, and the low beam has a condensing effect, but the high beam does not mean that the higher the better. When the 4S shop is doing car maintenance, it will mainly look at the brightness and height of the car lights, whether there is water ingress, whether there are bursts, etc. It is still easy to identify whether there are problems with the car lights during the maintenance process. If the car owner wants to distinguish whether there is a problem with the car light, it mainly depends on the intensity of the car light, whether it is concentrated, and whether there is water ingress.
Generally speaking, car lights are dim, not focused, water, dust, etc. are indifferent to many car owners, and they will not care at all. Generally, car owners after four or five years do not care much. Unless it is said that it cannot be passed during the annual review. In this case, some car owners will choose to return to the 4S shop for repairs. However, this situation is inappropriate, because problems with the car lights will pose a certain threat to driving safety regardless of their size. Therefore, regardless of whether the annual inspection, as long as the car lights are in condition, they must go back to the factory for inspection and repair in time.
There will be no problems with the quality of the original parts of the manufacturer, and various problems may occur with the auxiliary parts. For 4S shops, there are not many ways to distinguish between original parts and secondary parts. Generally speaking, the original parts have confidence in the quality, so the sales date will not be posted when they are sold, while the secondary parts will be sold. Date to determine the time of the warranty. Another way to distinguish is to look at the clarity of the relevant logo.
The automotive parts and parts machining, PTJ Shop offers the highest degree of OEM service with a basis of 10+ years experience serving the automotive industry. Our automotive precision shop and experts deliver confidence. We have perfected the art of producing large component volumes with complete JIT reliability, backed by the quality and long-term reliability our customers expect. | <urn:uuid:d8694dba-d6aa-4e12-96eb-ff98f00f74fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cncmachining.wiki/use-common-sense-of-car-lights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949575 | 1,155 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Organic Chemistry Seminar
[2+2] Photocycloaddition reactions belong undisputedly to the most important reaction classes in photochemistry. The creation of up to four new stereogenic centers in a single step and the further use of the formed cyclobutane rings – either directly or after appropriate ring opening – are hallmarks of this powerful transformation. In our group, we have studied two different approaches to achieve a catalytic enantioselective reaction course in [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions. The first approach is based on a triplet energy transfer by hydrogen-bonding chiral catalysts, which in turn are derived from a previously described template successfully employed in the total synthesis of (+)-meloscine. The second approach relies on chiral Lewis acids, which change the photophysical parameters of the substrate and allow a selective excitation in the chiral environment, which they provide.
A chiral xanthone turned out to be an efficient organocatalyst providing good turnover (10 mol%) and high enantioselectivities (>90% ee) in [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions while a related chiral thioxanthone allowed for enantioselective reactions promoted by visible light. Apart from this approach, we have also looked into the possibility of Lewis-acid mediated enantioselectivity in photochemical reactions. Chiral Lewis acids were developed for [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions and are currently being further explored.
The presentation discusses the background of the above-mentioned studies and provides the latest results of our research efforts in this area. | <urn:uuid:12be195e-7503-4361-aa8f-11b333c345e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.caltech.edu/campus-life-events/calendar/organic-chemistry-seminar-57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929473 | 340 | 1.617188 | 2 |
New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy Signs 6 New Gun Control Measures
New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy has signed six new gun control bills into law during a ceremony held in Trenton. The ceremony on Wednesday was attended by numerous gun control activists and a survivor of the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.
During the ceremony, Gov. Murphy triumphantly claimed that the measures send “a strong and clear message to our president, to our Republican leadership in Congress and to the corporate gun lobby: We are going to be a leader in the fight for common-sense gun safety laws.”
Common sense gun safety laws keep our communities safe. Today I signed landmark legislation that:
– Establishes background checks on private gun sales
– Reduces magazine capacity
– Bans armor-piercing bullets
— Governor Phil Murphy (@GovMurphy) June 13, 2018
The decision comes in the wake of a string of mass shootings that have gained nationwide attention and increased pressure on lawmakers to further restrict gun control laws. While the measures were largely met with bipartisan support, one in particular was tensely debated. The controversial bill, NJ A2761(18R), reduces the permitted size of ammunition magazines from 15 to 10 rounds. Now, guns that only accept magazines holding more than 10 rounds must first be registered with a law enforcement agency.
Shortly after the measure was passed, the Association of New Jersey Rifle and Pistol Clubs (ANJRPC) petitioned to sue the state of New Jersey, with the help of the NRA, to overturn this restrictive measure. In a statement by the ANJRPC executive director, he claims, “This unconstitutional law will be ignored by criminals and madmen and affects only law-abiding citizens. It turns one million people into criminals with the stroke of a pen, limits self-defense and takes away property lawfully acquired.”
Gov. Murphy’s strong pro-gun control stance is certainly a shift for the state following Gov. Chris Christie’s more lax approach. The former governor often resisted attempts at enacting new gun control laws and even attempted to loosen them when preparing for his 2016 presidential campaign, claiming he had “changed his mind.”
On top of these gun measures, Murphy also pushed for increasing fees for the possession and sale of guns, as outlined in his proposed budget. In response to lawmakers’ resistance, Murphy used the ceremony as an opportunity to call out lawmakers, asking, “What does that say about our priorities?” | <urn:uuid:cf474995-db26-41d5-b4c2-4d2fe6f62a9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://upolitics.com/news/new-jersey-governor-phil-murphy-signs-6-new-gun-control-measures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963651 | 510 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Meteorologists settle stormy monsoon calendar
Clay Thompson has the day off. This was first published March 13, 2008.
Did you see how the National Weather Service is now going to use set dates — June 15 to Sept. 30 — for the start and end of the monsoon?
It used to be that the monsoon, the rainy season, started when we had three straight days with an average dew-point temperature of 55 degrees or higher, and ended when winds swung around to the west to dry things out.
The Weather Service had good reasons for just going to the set dates. But the old way at least had an aspect of uncertainty about it – kind of like making it a game.
Meanwhile, for want of anything else to do, we should get around to today's question:
How long does it take a grapefruit seed to grow into a producing tree?
Grapefruit seem to mature and bear fruit a tad slower than other citrus trees, such as oranges or limes, which usually start putting out fruit in three years or so. With grapefruit, it's a few years later, depending on if they are grown outside or in a pot indoors.
Try this: Take a few grapefruit rinds — cut in half, of course — and cut a small split in the bottoms so they can drain off water.
Put them in some kind of tray so they don't tip over. Fill the halves with potting soil and plant one or two grapefruit seeds in each rind. Give them lots of sun.
After the seeds sprout, cull out the smaller ones and plant the survivors, rind and all. The decaying rinds help fertilize the sprout.
I have no idea if that really works, but it sounds good.
Reach Clay Thompson at firstname.lastname@example.org or 602-444-8612. | <urn:uuid:9bcba7c6-586e-44cb-9551-e55b8179ea7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.azcentral.com/story/claythompson/2014/06/19/clay-thompson-arizona-humor-monsoon-calendar-national-weather-service/11023025/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95295 | 398 | 2.828125 | 3 |
You’ve heard the stories: buy a cheap CPU, throw some insane cooling on it and boost it into the stratosphere. Such is the promise of overlocking, pushing CPU processors past their design specs in the name of edging out extra performance for low, low prices. But these aren’t the heady days of the Celeron 300A, where the megahertz flowed freely. With the invention of improved configuration aware microarchitecture, overclocking’s gone a bit corporate these days. There’s still some fun to be had, but more importantly, does it still make sense for your CAD workstation?
Lottery fine print
There are two rules in Overlocking Club:
1st rule: you need an AMD or K/X series Intel processor to overclock these days
The 2nd rule of overclocking club is… yeah, you can’t overclock without an Intel K/X or AMD CPU.
Overclocking is often referred to as a lottery of sorts – luck is certainly a dominant factor. You’re essentially gambling that CPU manufacturing variances have put your particular processor at an advantage over its identically engineered brethren. You’re hoping you got the special one. And since microprocessor production is so much more efficient now than ever before, expect those variances to be comparatively rare.
Don’t forget the inherent danger as well: you can smoke your chip into oblivion if you’re exceptionally reckless. While committing involuntary chiptricide is uncommon, you may unwittingly reduce your processor’s useful life by pushing it too far. There’s no shame in backing out at this point, well, unless you don’t like being called chicken.
If you’re still with us, there’s some prep work to be done before you start bumping multipliers and tweaking voltages:
- Install an enhanced cooling solution: You’re not going to overclock on your stock OEM cooler. Just don’t. You need something beefier. Fortunately there’s a wide selection of readily available CPU cooling devices, including forced air or even liquid cooling. A variety of water-cooled kits come nicely sealed and pressure tested for ease of installation. If you’re feeling particularly frosty many enthusiasts are dabbling in liquid nitrogen, but that’s more for giggles than for practical applications.
- Install monitoring software: You’ll need something to keep tabs on your processor, in order to make sure it’s running how you have configured it, and to understand when you’re skirting against thermal limits. Core Temp, CPU-Z, and Real Temp are among your options.
- Install stress testing software: You’ll need an automated stress test to make sure your enhanced performance is viable under load and is not prone to crashing every 5 minutes. Just because the machine posts does not imply a stable configuration. Prime 95, IBT, and AIDA64 are popular for exactly this purpose.
- Update your BIOS/UEFI: You’ll be depending on your motherboard BIOS to make all your tweaks, so make sure you’ve got the latest and greatest up and running.
- Establish a baseline: Benchmark your rig in its stock configuration, both in an idle state and at load. Before your doctor operates on you, he or she will establish a baseline, in case things go horribly wrong. Extend the same courtesy to your poor CPU, even if it doesn’t have health insurance.
- Research: Lurk the internets for guides on your specific processor, which will give you common multiplier / voltage combinations and thermal loads that have proven workable in the past to define boundary conditions for your trials. You’ll also want to note the upper limit on core voltage to provide a ceiling for your tweaking.
Let’s get dangerous
Now is the time for your CPU to show its quality. Remember, swinging for the fences is unwise. Tweak in small increments. Test. Repeat. Gradual iterations will reduce the risk of toasting anything, as flaky stability serves as a leading indicator that you’re reaching your particular CPU’s limits.
First there’s the lazy way to overclock. Most overclocker friendly boards feature overclock profile presets for your particular processor in the BIOS. It’s basically automagic configuration based on a few simple inputs, and typically has a silly name like OC Genie, EZ Tuning Wizard, or Chipblaster+ (OK I made the last one up). If you’re especially wary about fiddling with settings, this may be a good place to start. Just select a profile in the bios, reboot, and stress test while monitoring that core temp stays within reasonable limits. This is a great way to get overclocked without much hassle, though in most cases performance gains are modest.
If you’re ready for prime time, you can dig right into manual configuration starting with the multiplier (aka the CPU ratio). The product of the core clock (typically 100 Mhz) and the multiplier determines the clock frequency. Hence a multiplier of 35 corresponds with 3.5 Ghz, 40 with 4.0 Ghz, etc. Change this value for all cores, reboot, and stress test. Keep an eye on core temperatures. If you’re solid, increase the multiplier again and repeat. Write down your configurations as you go. Eventually, the machine will lose stability and blue screen, then it’s time to begin adjusting the CPU core voltage in small increments (typically .01-.05 V) until stability returns, stress testing with every change.
Once it’s stable, bump the multiplier again and repeat. If you’ve overclocked a little too far, your machine won’t ever stabilize no matter how much voltage you apply.
At this stage, crank your multiplier back 100 Mhz and change the voltage back to the last stable value for that multiplier. Stress test once more, and if your core temp looks fine than congratulations, you’ve pushed your processor as far as it will go. Depending on your cooling setup, however, you may reach a thermal threshold before you reach the ultimate limit multiplier/voltage limit.
Is overclocking worth it for CAD?
Overclocking might earn you a Ghz advantage in clockspeed, if you are both diligent and supremely fortunate. Ultimate performance gains typically are in the 5-10% range for CPU intensive CAD, which is not bad for “free.” However, an overclocking setup is clearly a time-consuming process, and not without substantial risk. It’s also not a sure thing, you may have gotten a dud in the batch, the folds a mhz above stock.
Unless you’re overclocking for fun and nerd points, the time spent costs you as well. What seems viable for a student subsiding solely on ramen and mountain dew, won’t make much sense for a successful engineer with disposable income. Cooking your CPU might help you stave off the next upgrade.
Truthfully, these days CPU margins are thin enough that coughing up cash for a better core is a almost always a better decision, especially if the microarchitecture and process size has changed. So do you still want to be an overclocker? The choice is yours. | <urn:uuid:57c3bc87-d07a-4a51-9c4e-d9ce497b8074> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.grabcad.com/blog/2015/08/27/overclocking-for-cad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.912128 | 1,543 | 1.984375 | 2 |
We hear of frequent deaths due to electrical shocks. But little do we know that such unwanted incidents can be minimized and mitigated if we adhere to certain simple and basic safety precautions. The first of which is to choose good quality wires and cables from trusted top 10 house wire in India companies like Paraflex.
Let us understand a bit more about the other safety precautions to de-risk your space from chances of electrical hazards:
Grounding for All Domestic Appliances
If there is any loss of the insulation sheath in the internal wiring system of the house, accidents are bound to happen. Thus any appliance that has a metal housing must be grounded. To aid the process, it is advised to use green-yellow wires. Grounding will prevent metal energizing and also ensures that even if any electrical part touches the metal bodies, the energy gets discharged to the ground immediately, preventing the onset of an accident.
Maintain Safe Distance Between Electrical Sockets
There should always be a safe distance between two consecutive electrical sockets and, most importantly, between an electrical socket and a water source. The problems usually arise in the washrooms where lights and socket plugs are located in the vicinity of water sources. There are heavy risks associated with short circuits and electrocution in such scenarios. In the case of jacuzzis and bathtubs with some electrical devices, it is mandatory to ensure accurate Ingress Protection.
Thus, make sure you maintain proper safety measures to protect yourselves and your loved ones from any mishaps.
Use Wires and Cables Only from the Trusted Brands
When buying cables and wires, one should always buy a copper cable with proper insulation. Proper insulation means the ones which comply with 8130 for insulation. Any wire that is created of aluminum must be avoided. In this regard, consumers must also have an idea about single-core and double-core wires. Usually, what is used for household purposes is single-core copper wire. But for wiring of the plugs and heavy electrical appliances, multiple core insulated wires are used.
Other than these norms, there are various other IS determined norms, such as using the C1 category of PVC insulation for making the wires fire retardant. To get the best wires and cables and stay protected, always choose wires from the Top 10 house wires in India companies such as Paraflex.
Why Choose Paraflex?
Paraflex is a leading wire and cable manufacturer in India that supplies customers with premium quality wires built according to internationally acclaimed safety standards. Now avail best house wires at the most affordable prices with Parafalex – one of the top 10 house wire in India company. | <urn:uuid:0fd346f2-a4f7-45ca-a57e-e76f285dd180> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paraflex.co.in/safety-precautions-for-your-house-wiring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928741 | 538 | 2.390625 | 2 |
WHAT’S TO KNOW
Free Help to Quit
It's not easy to quit, but it's worth it. There are FREE resources in our community to help.
Text AUSTIN to 47848 for FREE help to quit.
SmokefreeTXT is a free, mobile text messaging service designed for adults who are trying to quit smoking. The program was created to provide 24/7 encouragement, advice, and tips to help smokers quit smoking and stay quit.
The Quitline offers free and confidential phone and web counseling services and resources, such as nicotine patches, gum, or lozenges, for those who qualify.
We can help your workplace or multi-unit housing community go tobacco-free.
Going tobacco-free is good for business and good for the community's health. Throughout Austin and Travis County, many businesses, schools, health care facilities, multi-unit housing, and other organizations are creating tobacco-free environments by prohibiting tobacco use on their properties. Indoor and outdoor tobacco-free environments help tobacco users who want to quit and protect everyone from the dangers of secondhand smoke. | <urn:uuid:196184f5-4c66-4fdd-986a-f422aec934a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.livetobaccofreeaustin.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941953 | 290 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The exquisite reticulated hillstream loach is becoming more and more popular among aquarists.
Sure, they’re a fairly recent introduction to the aquarium trade, but the popularity of reticulated hillstream loaches is definitely on the rise.
First, these oddball fish are one of the coolest-looking loaches you can get your hands on. Their unique body shape and patterning easily make them stand out from other standard loaches in the aquarium. When I first saw them in a local fish store, I was immediately hooked.
They’re also easy to care for and stay small. Reticulated hillstream loach care is pretty something that even beginner fishkeepers can handle.
And last and most importantly, this fish is an amazing algae eater that can help to get the algae outbreak under control.
However, like other hillstream loach species, they do have some specific needs that you need to be aware of.
So, if you’re thinking about getting one (or a group) of these little fish for your aquarium, read on. In this article, I’ll go over everything you need to know about reticulated hillstream loach care.
Reticulated hillstream loaches (Sewellia lineolata), also known as gold ring butterfly sucker and tiger hillstream loach, are one of the most common hillstream loaches in the aquarium hobby.
There are 202 species in the hillstream loaches (Balitoridae) family. Most species are rheophilic, meaning that they inhabit moderate to swift currents thanks to their flat, streamlined bodies and evolved ventral fins used as suction cups that help them stay in place against the strong currents, particularly these Sewellia species.
Native to Vietnam and Laos, Reticulated hillstream loaches are found in fast-flowing, highly oxygenated small streams with submerged plants, as well as in larger rivers where current velocity may exceed 1 m/sec.
In their natural habitat, they prefer to live in clear water bodies with high dissolved oxygen levels. In such an environment, rich biofilms covering the submerged surfaces can provide the residents shelter and abundant nutrients.
|Scientific Name:||Sewellia lineolata|
|Common Name:||Reticulated Hillstream Loach, Gold ring butterfly sucker, Tiger Hillstream Loach|
|Lifespan:||8 to 10 years|
|Max Size:||2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.5 cm)|
|Temperature:||68ºF to 75ºF (20-23.8°C)|
|Water hardness:||10-15 dGH|
|Minimum Tank Size:||20 gallons|
Reticulated hillstream loaches have a lifespan of 8-10 years in captivity. Like all fish, this number can be lower if they’re not kept in optimal conditions.
As with these fish, providing them with clean, well-oxygenated water with a fast flow whilst maintaining water parameters in good shape will help them reach their maximum lifespan potential. We’ll get into the details of how to do that a little later on.
It’s not hard to see why reticulated hillstream loaches are on the rise in popularity. These fish are absolutely unique and beautiful!
First things first, don’t confuse them with Cobitidae and Loricariids. The former is the true loach family that contains around 260 species, and they have similar barbels around the mouth. The latter, on the other hand, are a group of freshwater fish that share certain traits with reticulated hillstream loaches but are actually suckermouth armored catfishes.
Also, these oddballs are often mistaken for the smallest freshwater stingray because of their very similar body shapes.
Now that we’ve got that out of the way, let’s get back to reticulated hillstream loaches. They have a reticulated (or net-like) pattern on their bodies that can vary in intensity from light gold to dark brown. This intricate reticulation is what gives them one of their other common names, the gold ring butterfly sucker.
Look closely; you will notice 3-5 pronounced longitudinal lines on both sides of the body. Pelvic and pectoral fins are also covered with bold submarginal stripes. The stripes tend to be linear on the caudal fin. The rest of the body is accented with these intricate patterns.
They have a streamlined body that is built perfectly to withstand fast currents with the help of their well-developed and unique ventral fins. To assist them further in staying anchored against the fast current, their evolved fins feature needle-like fin spines.
Otherwise, like many other catfish, they have a flattened belly and a smaller sucker mouth.
Males Vs. Females
The reticulated hillstream loach (Sewellia lineolata) is sexually dimorphic, so it’s pretty easy to distinguish between males and females.
As with many other species of fish, female reticulated hillstream loach tends to be larger and broader than males, whereas the males are slender when viewed from above.
Sexual maturity males develop a much squarer snout, and their pectoral fins run almost at right angles to the body, while the pectoral fins on females are positioned at a more rounded or softer angle.
You’ll have to pay attention to their upper surface (the surface of the head) and the edge of their first few pectoral-fin rays, where mature males will develop small tubercules called ‘fences’ in the hobby. These structures are much smaller or absent in females.
Reticulated Hillstream Loach Size
The standard length of reticulated hillstream loach is around 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.5 cm) when fully grown. Compared to other popular types of loaches, they are quite small.
Reticulated Hillstream Loach Care
The biggest consideration when keeping a reticulated hillstream loach in the home aquarium is providing a high-velocity water flow since these fish require a high level of oxygen.
This is what you find fish keepers talk about most, and for a good reason. They are obligate stream fish, so they require moving water to thrive, and lots of it!
However, that’s not the whole story.
Current & High Oxygenation
In captivity, you’ll never have a chance to see them show their behavior as they would in the wild, owing to their highly adaptable nature.
Theoretically, replicating their natural environment by adding an extra powerhead to return flow from the filter will provide them with everything they need in terms of water movement.
But, you’ll quickly find out that’s not the case. They still tend to spend most of their time congregating near the power-head outlet or around the airstone because of the high oxygen concentration in these areas.
So, what’s the solution?
This can be achieved by constructing a river-tank manifold. I must say it looks really cool and would probably be much better than a regular tank setup, simply because it produces the unidirectional flow, like a river. Check out this video or article for more information.
Of course, you don’t have to go this route. Reticulated hillstream loaches are already used to gentle water movement when sold in pet stores, so a sponge filter with an output that produces a moderate flow should do the trick. But it’s something to consider if you really want to provide them with the best possible environment.
Because reticulated hillstream loaches are so small, they don’t need a ton of space. A 20-gallon aquarium is sufficient for a group of 3-4 fish.
But don’t forget that these little oddballs need a lot of water flow, so you might want to take that into account when deciding on tank size. It’s nearly impossible to provide a highly concentrated flow in small tanks, so the next best thing is a longer tank with a large footprint.
You may already hear from other aquarists that reticulated hillstream loaches are one of the best cold water algae eaters. Generally, cold water can hold more dissolved oxygen than warm water, so this fish may be more susceptible to stress at high temperatures.
As for water parameters, you should aim for the following:
- pH: 7.0-7.8
- Temperature: 68ºF to 75ºF (20-23.8°C)
- Hardness: 10-15 dGH
As with other freshwater fish, reticulated hillstream loaches appreciate good water quality and stable water parameters. So, be sure to perform regular water changes and closely monitor your aquarium for signs of ammonia or nitrite spikes.
Your goal is re-creating a unique river environment. Choose aquarium décor that will help you achieve that.
Their native habitat – the river beds mainly consist of sand, gravel, and various sized rocks, which provide them with the perfect hiding spots and grazing grounds.
It’s best to use fine gravel with smooth pebbles as substrate. You can mix sand in sheltered areas to provide a more natural look. Decorating them is entirely up to your preference; just make sure to provide a large rock that allows algae to grow on as a grazing spot.
To encourage biofilm/algae growth, you will need moderate to bright lighting, which also encourages tall aquarium plants to grow and improve water clarity. Floating plants are unnecessary as they will block out too much light.
And lastly, don’t forget to include a well-suited lid on the aquarium; you know they have the ability to run up walls and escape.
Food & Diet
In the wild, reticulated hillstream loaches spend most of their time grazing on benthic algae and microorganisms (aufwuchs). Sometimes, they also take on insect larvae that cling to the rocks on an opportunistic basis.
Firstly, you will grow some algae on rocks in the aquarium to provide a constant food source. However, they cannot live on algae alone and will require a varied diet, so make sure to feed them a well-balanced diet.
As for commercial or home-made foods, they will accept the most good quality flake, sinking pellets, and algae wafers. For long-term success with these fish, you should also supplement their diet with vegetable matter and live foods, such as frozen Bloodworm, Brine Shrimp, and blanched kale leaves or zucchini.
Because of their small mouth size, you might want to go for a micro pellet or powder form.
Reticulated Hillstream Loach Tank Mates
Reticulated hillstream loaches are peaceful social species that can be kept singly or in groups of at least 6 fish with other small to medium-sized peaceful community fish of a similar size and share the same water requirements.
Some of the potential reticulated hillstream loach tank mates include:
- Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
- White cloud mountain minnows (Tanichthys albonubes)
- Similarly sized Danios (Danio spp., Devario spp.)
- Freshwater gobies (Rhinogobius spp., Sicyopterus spp.)
- Catfishes (Glyptothorax spp., Akysis spp., Hara spp.)
- Loaches (Nemacheilidae spp., Balitoridae spp., Gastromyzontidae spp.)
In the wild, they tend to be territorial and aggressive towards each other. So, it is best to purchase at least 6 reticulated hillstream loaches to allow them to form their own social hierarchy and feel more secure in the aquarium to show their most interesting, natural behavior. But if you have a larger aquarium, you can increase the number of fish accordingly.
Furthermore, this species comes with a high price tag and may cost around $15 for each fish, so you will need to factor that into your budget as well.
Breeding of reticulated hillstream loaches is considered very challenging in captivity, but it is still possible. In order to successfully breed them, you will need to provide them with the perfect breeding conditions, including the river flow tank set up, water parameters, and live foods. Even if you can provide all that, they still might not spawn.
Males are known to perform a unique courtship ritual with fluttering displays and chasing the female, who will watch him for a while and then either accept or reject him. If she accepts him, then the male will ‘dance’ around her in circles and lightly nibble her dorsal. This ritual will last for several minutes before they finally embrace it.
Then the pair will rise up into the water column. You may notice their bodies are rigid and pectoral fins are spread out as they touch ventral to ventral and release their eggs and sperm. It is still unclear how long this embrace lasts or how many eggs are being released as this species is not often bred in captivity.
Young fry often hover close to the external filter, where there is more flow and oxygen. They are very similar to adults in body shape and coloration.
Can you keep reticulated hillstream loaches in a 20 gallon?
They can be kept in small groups in a 20 gallon aquarium, but larger tanks will be more suitable due to their oxygen and water flow requirements.
Where to Buy Reticulated Hillstream Loach?
You can purchase reticulated hillstream loaches from online retailers or specialty fish stores.
Do reticulated hillstream loaches need a filter?
Yes, they need a filter that can provide them with high water flow and oxygenation.
What’s the difference between Reticulated hillstream loach vs. hillstream loach?
The reticulated hillstream loach is a member of the hillstream loach.
What’s the Difference Between Borneo Suckers Vs. Reticulated Hillstream loach?
Borneo Suckers or Borneo Loach (Pangio shelfordii) and Reticulated Hillstream loach (Sewellia lineolata) are two different species, but they require fairly similar care – high water flow, high amount of oxygenation, and colder water temperatures.
Does Reticulated Hillstream loach eat snails?
This species doesn’t eat snails. It only feeds on aufwuchs, a layer of algae, diatoms, and other microorganisms that grow on surfaces in freshwater habitats.
Reticulated hillstream loaches are beautiful, unique freshwater fish that make a great addition to any peaceful community aquarium. These oddball algae eaters are hardy little fish that are relatively easy to care for as long as you provide them with the proper tank setup and water conditions.
If you’re looking for a smaller algae eater for a cold water tank, then reticulated hillstream loaches might be the perfect fit! They do a great job at cleaning algae off flat surfaces and decorations in the tank. Their active, playful personalities will also add a lot of interest and activity to your aquarium.
If there’s anything you think we missed or have any questions, feel free to post them in the comments below. Our mission is to help make fish keeping as fun and easy as possible, so we’re happy to help however we can. Thanks for reading! | <urn:uuid:7c7b089a-077e-4f77-b0e1-581d18756855> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aquariumfishcity.com/reticulated-hillstream-loach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934311 | 3,387 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Narbo Martius, founded in 118BC, was the first and among the wealthiest Roman colonies outside Italy. Present-day Narbonne hasheld onto a real gem: part of the well-kept Via Domitiat hat you can see in the town centre. Then visit the Horreum, the world's only ancient granary that's still intact. Sarcophagi, exceptional mosaics and ancient statues await at the Archaeology Museum in the former Archbishop's Palace a few metres from the Via Domitia.
Narbonne's archaeology collection will soon have a new home: the Narbo Via Museum will open in 2020. Designed by Foster + Partners, this 8000m2 museum will be innovative, interactive and a feast for the senses.
Amphoralis, the Gallo-Roman pottery museum 20 mins from Narbonne, provides children with a fun-filled, educational and accessible mobile app so everyone can enjoy their trip.
If you want a sight for sore eyes then go up 170 steps to the Gilles Aycelin Keep. From the terrace you can see the Tour Saint-Martial, Gothic Narbonne Cathedral, its Saint-Pasteur cloister and the Archbishop's Palace. Go back down and wander through the picturesque Passage de l’Ancre, admire the Cour de la Madeline and visit two great museums: the archaeology museum in the Palais Vieux and the art and history museum in the sumptuous Palais Neuf which was once home to Narbonne's bishops.
Take a bike or rent a small boat in Narbonne to explore the UNESCO Canal de la Robine. It takes the Aude's old bed through Narbonne past the Bages and Sigean lakes then into the Ile Sainte-Lucie Nature Reserve. It spills into the Mediterranean at Port-la-Nouvelle. Lined with umbrella pines, the Canal de Jonction runs through Sallèles-d’Aude and links with the Canal du Midi that passes north of Narbonne. Hire a bike or permit-free boat in Narbonne.
The beaches are within 30 mins of Narbonne: Saint-Pierre-la-mer, Narbonne-Plage, Gruissan etc. To get there, go through the listed Clape Nature Site in the heart of Narbonne Regional Nature Park where the outing possibilities are endless.
Lying 25 mins from Narbonne on the Canal du Midi, the hamlet of Le Somail hasn't been touched since it was founded by Pierre-Paul Riquet in the 17th century. Le Somail was a place for travellers to take a break. They'd spend the third night here on their way from Toulouse. The former warehouse docks make for lovely terraces on the towpath just steps away from the old hump bridge, chapel, inn and very popular old bookshop. Maison Bonal is home to an exhibition centre about the Southern French canals.
1000 years ago, monks chose to build their abbey in this Corbières valley 20 mins from Narbonne. It was incredibly wealthy until the French Revolution before being abandoned but Fontfroide Abbey was restored to its former glory in the early 20th century when it was bought by Gustave Fayet. His descendants have made it a beacon surrounded by vineyards that you can now visit. From spring to autumn, Fontfroide has a packed schedule. Orchid festival, medieval event, Music and History Festival run by Jordi Savall, exhibitions and more.
Did you know ?
Narbonne is based in a garrigue and vineyard setting in the heart of the wine kingdom called "La Narbonnaise, surprenante Méditerranée" (Vignobles & Découvertes-approved destination).
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The complexities of global trade raise questions about how best to address the way countries fairly compensate for their environmental impact on others. Pricing carbon, specifically through a carbon tax, is one such way to address these equity issues and reduce global carbon emissions.
What is Carbon Pricing?
Carbon pricing is an approach to reducing carbon emissions that uses market mechanisms to pass the cost of emitting to emitters. Its goal is to discourage the use of fossil fuels, address the causes of the climate crisis and meet national and international agreements.
Well-designed carbon pricing can change the behaviour of consumers, businesses and investors while encouraging technological innovation and generating revenue that can be used productively.
There are a few carbon pricing instruments, such as a carbon emissions tax and cap-and-trade programmes.
Current Situation on Carbon Pricing and Carbon Tax
The International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and others have recommended more stringent fiscal measures to reduce emissions, such as increasing the carbon price or taxation to further incentivise corporations to reduce their emissions and align themselves with the Paris Agreement goals. However, with these plans arise not only political complications such as aligning inconsistent national policies with international trade, but also the issue of equity. With 50% of carbon emissions attributed to the richest 10% in the world, and 10% of emissions attributed to the poorer 50% of the world, it raises the question of who contributes to the climate crisis and who really suffers the consequences of it.
A fair system must be developed, one that acknowledges and compensates for the fact that wealthy nations emit far more carbon than poorer nations, who suffer more from the impacts of the climate crisis. Termed ‘carbon inequality’, efforts are being made to tackle environmental and social injustices through political and economic means.
The discussion around not only pricing and taxing carbon, but developing fair climate policies is not a new one, however there is an increased focus on the degree of responsibility a country should take- how much countries should be paying, and to whom.
At UN climate negotiations in 2018, Chinese delegate Xie Zhenhua addressed the mismatch of cause and consequence between developing and developed countries. He said, “developing countries are not comfortable or happy. We need to see if developed countries have honoured their commitments. Still some countries have not started their mitigation efforts, or provided financial support to poor nations. We strongly urge them to pay up on their debts.”
Carbon pricing policies in selected countries (Source: Statista)
Carbon Taxes Around the World
A carbon tax is imposed by a government and is defined by per-tonne tax on the carbon emissions embedded in fossil fuels or other products. It puts a direct price on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and creates a financial incentive to lower emissions by switching to more efficient processes or cleaner fuels.
Cap-and-trade systems such as the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) impose a cap of GHGs that can be emitted every year, called ‘carbon credits’. Those industries with low emissions can sell their extra allowances to larger emitters. This supply and demand for emissions allowances establishes a market price for GHG. The cap helps ensure that emission reductions will take place to keep emitters within their pre-allocated carbon budget.
A national carbon tax is currently implemented in 27 countries around the world, including various countries in the EU, Canada, Singapore, Japan, Ukraine and Argentina. However, according to the 2021 OECD Tax Energy Use report, current tax structures are not adequately aligned with the pollution profile of energy sources. For example, the OECD suggests that carbon taxes are not harsh enough on coal production, although it has proved to be effective for the electricity industry.
A carbon tax has been effectively implemented in Sweden; the carbon tax is USD $127 per tonne and has reduced emissions by 25% since 1995, while its economy has expanded 75% in the same time period.
Where Should the Money Go?
With some carbon tax systems already in place, core criticisms around carbon pricing instruments centre around public trust in the system. Despite long-term environmental benefits, surveys shows that individuals are concerned about how their daily lives will be affected and where revenue will be directed. For example, some concerns include the belief that carbon pricing will add further financial stress on the elderly and those in poorer households by increasing the cost of energy.
Another survey conducted by Nature with 4997 participants in Australia, India, South Africa, the US and the UK proposed different hypothetical carbon tax mechanisms to examine their public’s acceptance to them, whereby ‘funding for mitigation projects worldwide’ received the highest support.
To make carbon taxes politically feasible and economically efficient, governments must choose how to use the revenue. Options include cutting other kinds of taxes, supporting poorer households and communities, increasing investment in green energy or by giving the money back to people as a dividend.
These concerns are already being addressed in some countries such as Switzerland, where residents receive their dividend as a rebate on a compulsory health insurance. Canada’s incoming federal scheme is aiming for 90% of the carbon tax revenue to be returned to residents.
Lack of a Common Commitment
On committing to the Paris Agreement, UN Climate Chief Christiana Figueres said that countries are not looking to save the planet for altruistic reasons. “They’re doing it for what I think is a much more powerful political driving force, which is for the benefit of their own economy,” she said.
There is a disparity between the interconnected global economy and the disparate carbon policies in different countries (some with carbon tax, some implementing cap-and-trade systems, some without a system in place at all). For example, the EU uses their ETS system, yet the majority of the US has yet to implement a carbon tax. These factors make equilibrating the different carbon-pricing schemes on a global basis challenging yet crucial if equity is to be achieved.
Economist Peter Cramton and colleagues emphasise that current ‘pledge-and-review’ processes that came from the Paris Agreement are based on self-interest and that responding only to domestic concerns will not be enough to address the problem at hand. He mentions that Paris was successful in that a collective goal was set, but that individual contributions do not add up.
Another iteration of carbon taxes being discussed is carbon border taxes, as discussed in the EU’s ‘European Green Deal’, which imposes a fee on any product imported from a country that does not have a carbon pricing plan in place. Criticisms about the border carbon tax say that it would discourage international collaboration rather than encourage it.
Is a Shared Responsibility Approach Necessary for Carbon Taxes?
Cramton believes that reciprocity is key in developing policies that drive global climate cooperation. He uses an analogy of a game with a common pot of money; each country has $10, some or all of which the players may simultaneously pledge, and for every $1 (for carbon) that is put into the pot, it is then doubled (by natural climate benefits) and the surplus is redistributed to the recipients.
A referee ensures that they honour their pledges. If individuals are allowed to choose their contributions into the pot, a self-interested member may contribute nothing because they will still reap the benefits, relying on others to contribute to the pot.
However, with a common commitment version of the game, players condition their contributions on others’ pledges: the referee ensures that they all contribute the amount of the lowest pledge. It is a reciprocal, co-dependent model, but does not say what everyone must do – an ‘I will if you will’ mentality.
No one is forced to contribute more than expected, yet everyone gains. If countries are completely selfish, they cannot lose but only gain if they pledge the lowest pledge. Common commitment policies can convert selfish behaviour from ‘contribute nothing’ to ‘contribute everything’ because the concept protects against free riding.
To supplement Cramton’s view, a study posits that to be fair for both developed and developing nations, there needs to be a shift away from a production-based approach to a shared responsibility approach in the form of carbon emission ‘burden-sharing schemes’. The production-based principle means that a country should be responsible for all the emissions generated by its production activities within its borders.
The study views this method as outdated in the context of globalisation because it does not take international trade into account. For example, developing countries such as China would take the burden of carbon emissions associated with exporting goods to developed countries.
Uniform Carbon Pricing
The lack of a central body regulating the implementation of such carbon pricing strategies around the world also hinders this issue of equity. Carbon pricing has been demonstrated as the preferred climate policy instrument, and would also be beneficial to promote international cooperation. To implement carbon pricing globally though, research suggests a ‘global system of harmonised carbon taxes’ rather than one unified global tax so that countries can retain control over revenues.
Cramton believes in the implementation of a uniform carbon price instead. He compares setting different carbon prices to setting speed limits, saying that “if drivers chose their own speed limits, there would be no use enforcing them because everyone would drive at their desired speed.”
To ensure that enforcement strengthens a collective rather than an individual effort, Cramton proposes a global carbon price commitment decided by a voting majority. It would allow a country to choose how it complies, via taxes, cap-and-trade, or other schemes, as long as the country’s average carbon price (cost per unit greenhouse gas emitted) is at least as high as the agreed price.
In conjunction with the suggestions above, Economist Raghuram Rajan suggests the creation of a global incentive fund. Rajan posits that there should be a system in place where countries that produce emissions above a defined carbon threshold should have to financially compensate those countries that produce emissions below it.
Essentially, countries that emit more greenhouse gases than others should pay into a fund that rewards low emitters (for example through the Green Climate Fund). Critics of this optimistic, yet idealistic system suggest that it is oversimplistic, failing to take into account other factors such as population growth, existing ecosystems, biodiversity and GDP.
What’s Next For Carbon Tax?
Carbon taxing is just one way of holding large emitters accountable for their role in harming the environment. It represents a departure from the West’s traditional model of letting market forces guide decision-making by allowing governments to mandate emission targets, which is one of the reasons it hasn’t been as widely implemented around the world as it should be. However, if the planet is to have any hope of meeting the Paris Agreement goals, drastic measures that consider both the economic and social wellbeing of nations’ inhabitants must be taken. | <urn:uuid:7d6efc66-3cf3-4a4a-b68c-bdea3fbce9e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://earth.org/carbon-tax-a-shared-global-responsibility-for-carbon-emissions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951024 | 2,260 | 4 | 4 |
Grieg: The Chopin of the North
"I am sure my music has the taste of codfish in it," or so wrote Norway's greatest composer, Edvard Grieg, born in Bergen in 1843, the son of a salt-fish merchant. Like Ole Bull, Grieg became the towering figure of Norwegian Romanticism.
Shipped off to the Music Conservatory in Leipzig from 1858 to 1862, Grieg fell under the heavy influence of German Romanticism but returned to Oslo (then called Christiania) with a determination to create national music for his homeland.
Back home he fell heavily under the influence of his country's folk music and "fjord melodies."
When Grieg met the great Norwegian writer Bjørnstjern Bjørnson, the author realized that he'd found the writer to compose music for his poems. Their most ambitious project was a national opera based on the history of the Norwegian king Olav Trygvason.
Meeting Henrik Ibsen for the first time in 1866, not in Norway but in Rome, Grieg agreed to compose the music for Ibsen's dramatic poem Peer Gynt. In 1868, he finished Piano Concerto in A Minor, his first great masterpiece. In 1888 and 1893, Grieg published Peer Gynt Suite I and II, which remain popular orchestral pieces to this day. Bjørnson was furious that Grieg had teamed with Ibsen, and the work on their national opera never came to fruition.
During the Nazi occupation, Saeverud wrote a trio of "war-symphonies" and one called "Ballad of Revolt," in honor of the Norwegian resistance to the Nazis. After the war, he composed music for Henrik Ibsen's dramatic poem, Peer Gynt. Twelve concert pieces extracted from this work are among the most frequently played orchestral works today.
In 1874, Grieg returned to Bergen, where he created such world-fabled compositions as Ballad in G Minor, the Norwegian Dances for Piano, the Mountain Thrall, and The Holberg Suite. He'd married Nina Hagerup, the Norwegian soprano, and together they moved into Troldhaugen, their coastal home that today is one of the major sightseeing attractions of Bergen.
It was at Troldhaugen that Grieg created such works as Piano Sonata for Violin and Piano in C Minor, the Haugtussa Songs, and the Norwegian Peasant Dances. His last work was Four Psalms, based on a series of Norwegian religious melodies.
In spite of poor health and the loss of one lung, Grieg maintained a grueling schedule of appearances on the Continent. But he always came back to Troldhaugen for the summer. Eventually, on September 4, 1907, as he prepared to leave for yet another concert, this time in Leeds, England, he collapsed at the Hotel Norge in Bergen and was hospitalized, where he died.
Ole Bull: Romantic Musician & Patriot
One of the most colorful characters in the history of western Norway was Ole Bull (1810-70), the founder of Norway's national theater and a virtuoso violinist. Leading one of the most remarkable lives of the 19th century, he was not only a celebrated composer, but also a fervent Utopian socialist and an international ambassador of Norwegian culture on his frequent international concerts. He became friends with Liszt, Schumann, Longfellow, Ibsen, and Hans Christian Andersen, among other celebrated men of the day. Bull, who was noted for both his personal sense of theatrics and his ardent sense of Norwegian nationalism, had a profound influence on Grieg and his music. Bull's best-known musical composition is Saeterjentens Sondag for violin and piano.
Born in Bergen, Ole Bull was immediately recognized as a child prodigy. Amazingly, he joined the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra when he was only 8 years old. One of the great violin virtuosos of all time, a sort of Victorian Mantovani, he won fans in such diverse places as the United States, Cuba, Moscow, and Cairo. He almost single-handedly rekindled an interest in Norwegian folk music both in Norway and abroad. In time, the people of Norway began to regard him as a national symbol.
After his first wife, a French woman, died, Ole Bull married Sara Thorp, of Madison, Wisconsin, and together they built a summer villa at Lysøen in 1872. The strikingly handsome musician let his hyperactive imagination run wild as he created an architectural fantasy he called "Little Alhambra," with its Russian onion dome, pierced-wood Moorish arches, arabesque columns, and elegant trelliswork. It was in Lysøen that he died in 1880. The last of the great Norwegian Romanticists, he was given one of the most-attended funerals in Norway.
Visitors today wander across his "fairy tale" 70-hectare (173-acre) property, with its romantic paths studded with gazebos and white shell sand. In the natural native pine forest, Ole Bull added exotic trees and bushes from all over the world that would grow in Bergen's chilly clime.
You can also visit a statue and fountain dedicated to this virtuoso performer on Ole Bulls Plass in the heart of Bergen.
Note: This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip. | <urn:uuid:ae079059-d569-4540-bdf8-51619d07c0ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frommers.com/destinations/bergen/in-depth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971685 | 1,180 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Commodities are a product that refers to the various raw materials and agricultural products that are traded in the financial markets.
What are they?
A commodity is a raw material or agricultural commodity traded on markets. Along with bonds and stocks, commodities are one of the most widely used asset classes by investors. But unlike the others, this asset is not defined by its issuer/producer, but by the product itself, because raw materials are homogeneous regardless of their source. In other words, coffee of the same quality, produced in Colombia or Indonesia has the same value.
These raw materials can be a variety of products, which are part of our daily lives, to exemplify:
- Agricultural products: cotton, coffee, corn, sugar…;
- Metals: common such as copper, and precious such as gold and silver;
- Energy: oil, electricity, and gas;
- Animal products: livestock;
Commodities are traded on the futures market. And what are futures? Futures is a contract between a buyer and a seller to receive a commodity, or other financial assets, at a future date and at a pre-agreed price. These contracts can be traded repeatedly until their expiration date.
For the purpose of protection against price fluctuations, buyers and sellers use futures contracts. In this way, they obtain a price guarantee at the time of the contract, regardless of the price on the expiration date. Conversely, just as it can protect a seller of goods from a fall in price, it also prevents them from selling at a more profitable price.
- Inflation protection – Unlike other assets, which suffer a small devaluation due to inflation, the opposite is true for commodities. Just as inflation increases the price of goods and services, so will the raw materials used in those goods and services.
- Increased income opportunity – Occasionally demand for certain commodities can lead to a rapid rise in prices, which leads to good income opportunities
- Great volatility – Just as it leads to the possibility of great gains, the opposite can also happen, where a crisis, for example, can lead to a drastic drop in commodity prices.
- Zero Profit – Taking into account that commodities are usually traded on the futures market as a way to protect against volatility, this asset can sometimes bring zero income.
This asset is not advisable for most ordinary investors. It is an asset that can sometimes present high yield opportunities, but also the opposite can happen. Due to its greater complexity, it is recommended for more experienced investors, who actively manage their investments and seek to diversify their portfolios.
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NEW YORK (360Dx) – Researchers at Osaka University have built a diagnostic proof-of-concept platform using a nonlinear optical crystal that emits terahertz waves and uses their closeness to a biological sample in a microchannel to achieve better sensitivity.
In a study published recently in the journal APL Photonics, they demonstrated the use of nonlinear optical crystal-based terahertz microfluidic chips for terahertz-time-domain spectroscopy measurements of liquid inside a microchannel.
The system consists of a microfluidic chip that has been used to measure glucose levels in blood, Masayoshi Tonouchi, one of the test's developers and a professor at Osaka University, said in an interview.
The platform consists of a terahertz radiation point source, a single microchannel, and a few arrays of metaatoms, which are the elementary units of metamaterials. Terahertz radiation generated in the nonlinear optical chip underneath and close to the microchannel couples with the metaatoms. The system measures the concentration of biological solutions based on changes in the resonant frequency and peak attenuation of terahertz waves.
The researchers concluded that the technique, demonstrated with water as a sample, opens the door to analyzing biological samples with terahertz waves and accelerates development of lab-on-chip devices, which are being explored for several applications including medical diagnostics.
They would need to further improve upon its sensitivity for some diagnostic applications, and the platform will require extensive testing on clinical blood samples to prove its analytical validity and clinical utility, Tonouchi said. However, it has the potential to be developed as a diagnostic test for several applications, he added.
Joo-Hiuk Son, a researcher in the department of physics at the University of Seoul, said in an interview that terahertz technology "will play a significant role in future medical diagnostics because many characteristic energies of biomolecules lie in the terahertz region."
Among the most important outcomes of the Osaka team's system is that it enables measuring molecules in the range of a few tens of femtomoles, which means that "the technique can measure small changes in molecules, cells, and organisms," said Son, the author of the book Terahertz Biomedical Science & Technology, which focuses on emerging terahertz developments for biomedical applications. One potential application for the Osaka researchers' device is the diagnosis of cancers using biofluids, he said.
Tonouchi said that his team has improved the sensitivity of terahertz diagnostic devices one hundredfold compared to the most advanced existing terahertz diagnostic devices and reached a level of performance where they can develop it for clinical diagnostic applications. With the technique, they detected solution concentrations of several femtomoles in volumes of less than one nanoliter, a level of sensitivity that along with biofluid requirement imbues it with the potential for use as a minimally invasive clinical blood test.
Its sensitivity is comparable to that of a standard, commercial fluorescence-based testing system, such as an ELISA platform that use antigen-antibody reactions, he said.
They have correlated their terahertz measurements with data from a commercially available glucometer to prove its potential to detect glucose in human blood, which Tonouchi said has potential in diabetes monitoring.
"The extreme sensitivity and low-volume requirements are phenomenal," and among the most important findings of the study, Andrea Markelz, a professor of physics at the University at Buffalo, said in an interview. "The near-field chip approach with such low volumes and high sensitivity could be used for a broad variety of low-concentration solutes," she added.
The Osaka researchers said that they expect that the technique could eventually be applied to early and rapid detection of several diseases, including not only cancers but also diabetes and infectious diseases such as influenza. To detect biomarkers and viruses that are only minimally present and difficult to trace in body fluids, the group would need to improve the system's sensitivity, which could be achieved by optimizing materials and device structures, Tonouchi said.
He noted that the terahertz region provides "important information" that clarifies biological reaction dynamics, including hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. "Since DNA is bound to hydrogen, various functionalities can be examined by observing such weak interaction energy," he said. "We believe that this system enables simpler and more quantitative measurement of living samples by hybridizing them in a chip."
Among its potential advantages is the likelihood that it could detect diseases in exceptionally small volumes of blood or other body fluids and reduce the discomfort and pain associated with tissue biopsies, the researchers said.
Tonouchi noted that, importantly, their platform could enable development of diagnostic tests that wouldn't require antibody labeling.
Label-free methods have some unique advantages, "such as high sensitivity, small working volumes, low damage to analytes, and easy on-chip integration," according to researchers at the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China. Labeling is time-consuming and can alter the intrinsic properties of analytes, they said.
Last year, the group summarized their findings about potential applications of new generation label-free technologies in the clinical laboratory in the journal Frontier in Laboratory Medicine. They focused on terahertz spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, biochips, microarrays, quartz crystal microbalance devices, and mass spectrometers.
In clinical use, the terahertz platform would be part of an in vitro diagnostic system for testing, but the Osaka University team is also using the technique to develop a system for high-resolution imaging of tumor cells.
Different disease conditions in cells have specific diffractive indices that can be captured by the terahertz wave system, Tonouchi said. "We are not sure yet how sensitive this technique is in detecting cancers, but we know that in the imaging application, we can detect whether a tissue is normal or cancerous," he said. It usually takes many hours to prepare a sample to detect cancers or other diseases, he noted. With a terahertz diagnostic device, it could be possible to conduct this analysis onsite by taking an image of tissue cells on a glass slide.
Tonouchi said that although the group at present does not have a clear plan to commercialize the technology, it is seeking a partner company that would help it to develop a commercial diagnostic test, and it expects that a commercial system used by laboratories could be available within three years.
Generally, to move the field of terahertz clinical diagnostics along, it will be important "to establish biosensors and fundamental measuring technology and protocols that can measure trace amounts of a solution with high-speed and high-sensitivity," he said. "In order to solve these problems, it is necessary for researchers to develop compact and less expensive terahertz light sources, as well as array detectors capable of real-time measurement at room-temperature operation."
Several research groups have been showing promising progress in recent years, he said.
In 2016, Son and his colleagues presented the results of a study in Scientific Reports through which they detected terahertz molecular resonance fingerprints caused by the methylation of cancer DNA. They had extracted the DNA from living cell lines and then quantified them to distinguish cancer types.
"Resonance signals can be quantified to identify types of cancer cells with a certain degree of DNA methylation," they noted, adding that fingerprints of cancer DNA in the terahertz region can be used "for the early diagnosis of cancer cells at the molecular level."
In May 2017, Son and his colleagues noted in the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics that cancer imaging using terahertz spectroscopy has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of existing cancer imaging techniques because of the unique properties of terahertz radiation.
In August last year, researchers in the Korea Institute of Science and Technology in Seoul published a study in which they used nanosized metamaterials in a sensing chip as part of a terahertz spectroscope that characterized several types of Avian influenza viruses.
However, over the years, terahertz-wave technology for medical diagnostics and other applications has advanced slowly.
A major challenge in getting terahertz technologies into commercial diagnostic applications has been the "delay in the development of terahertz light sources and detectors and establishment of novel terahertz measurement techniques," Tonouchi said. "In addition, due to the strong absorption of terahertz waves into water, it has been difficult to quickly measure biological samples that are collected from patients."
Biomolecular materials optical properties in the terahertz frequency range were mostly unknown in the 1990s, when access to this frequency range for diagnostic applications "essentially began," said Markelz, who specializes in terahertz optical techniques and the characterization of protein dynamics. For other electromagnetic frequency ranges, including near infrared and ultraviolet, extensive spectroscopic studies laid the groundwork for applications, she said.
"During the '60s and '70s, an irrational exuberance towards fundamental cataloging appeared to exist," Markelz said. "It seems that a general cynicism has set in for new instrument technology, and unfortunately THz development is one of the fields that is suffering for it."
There have been a variety of characterization papers for terahertz wave technology in diagnostic applications, but "one cannot build a reliable diagnostic on these," she said.
Nonetheless, the use of terahertz waves in the measurement of substances that are well characterized is occurring in industrial process monitoring, she said. A simple device that diagnoses substances that are well characterized, such as glucose, could be "enough to get things rolling" for the Osaka team, she said.
In developing a commercial platform, reducing production costs could be among the challenges that the Osaka researchers will need to overcome, Markelz said.
The University of Seoul's Son said that terahertz technology is "rather novel" in the context of medical diagnostics, and many clinical trials should be performed before it could be commercially available. However, due to rapid advances and cost reductions, a commercial terahertz medical diagnostic device could emerge in about five years, he noted. | <urn:uuid:6d4b4482-e292-4765-a984-0aa12dde0b5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.360dx.com/cancer/osaka-researchers-developing-more-sensitive-terahertz-chip-medical-diagnostics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952169 | 2,143 | 3.03125 | 3 |
On Tuesday night I was able to have a sneak preview of this exhibition by OCA Photography student Sarah Deane.
I had never visited the site, despite only living only 50 minutes away from it. So I was surprised to find that the Royal Gunpowder Mills is actually spread over 170 acres and was still in use by the MOD until 1991. Having tutored Sarah on the Landscape module I had got to know her work very well and this particular series had bounced back and forwards between us several times while she worked towards her final edit.
The final exhibition is a wonderful accomplished piece. Sarah has engaged with her subject matter and fully understood how to compile an engaging set of images that simply leave the viewer wanting to know more about the place, to visit and explore it for themselves. What I find refreshing about the work was how Sarah was open to exploring her local area for the assignments. Too often photographers think we have to ‘go’ somewhere to take images and neglect what is right by our own front door.
By revisiting the site many times, Sarah has been able to build up an intimate series of images that can only come about by shooting, editing, researching, then reshooting and repeating this process as many times as it takes. Whilst I was viewing the exhibition I had a chance to ask Sarah some questions about her work.
How did the project start?
I live in the Lee Valley in London, on the site of the former Royal Small Arms Factory, home of the Lee Enfield Rifle. Further north, The Royal Gunpowder Mills can be found and it is here that my interest in conflict developed particularly from the perspective of the Home Front. In early 2014, I volunteered to work in the Archive at The Mills – a role that would mainly involve photographing various artefacts, maps and plans. I decided to volunteer because I wanted to learn more about the history of where I lived. In the Archive I had access to an enormous amount of information, including photographs of The Mills in operation. I also had the opportunity to meet a number of people who worked there when it was a research establishment, which was a very special experience.
At the time I was studying the Landscape module and I was beginning to interrogate the landscape and how I see it. Simultaneously, I was forming a strong connection to The Mills site. When the time came to submit my proposal for my self-directed project, my subject had very much chosen me and Powder was born. For over 12 months, I devoted my time to the Mills, to researching and planning the project and to photographing and embedding myself within the landscape.
How has your relationship with your local area changed by completing the projects?
I would say that I actually have a relationship with my local area now whereas I simply lived there before. My interest was sparked when I met a man who lived in the area as a child and told me all about the factory days. I think that’s when Pandora’s box was opened. I found that the more I learnt through my research the more engaged I became with the area.
All my assignments for the course focused on different elements of the Lee Valley from the site of the Royal Small Arms Factory to Gunpowder Park. However, my relationship with The Royal Gunpowder Mills is a very special one that has grown over time. The site is closed to the public in the autumn and winter, so most of my shooting was done during that period. The site was virtually empty on Saturdays giving me a unique opportunity to work, reflect and explore. As time progressed, a deep personal relationship with the land was forged as the layers of history began to reveal themselves.
What are you most pleased about by completing the Landscape course – how has your photographic work/style changed?
I really enjoyed this course because from the beginning it challenged the way I thought about landscape photography. I quickly discovered that landscape was a genre that I could work in because it offered endless opportunities.
I was fortunate to have a subject that I really engaged with for the course. I never thought I would become so interested in how conflict is represented in photography, but with the history on my doorstep it was difficult not to. I spent as much time as I could at The Mills, not always shooting but observing and noting the subtle changes that you only see with familiarity.
Prior to this course, I tended to shoot my assignments in a matter of days, weeks at most. For this module, I spent 18 months focusing on one area, which I believe, not only changed the way I approached my subject but also the work I produced. Working at a slower pace without deadlines or restrictions gives you a certain freedom to see more clearly and I think this is reflected in my work.
I am really pleased that I have now experienced developing a project from the initial concept stage to exhibiting the final images.
What has challenged you the most in completing the work?
I think I challenged myself the most! Because I had invested so much time in the project I felt that the end result had to be really good or all that work was for nothing.
I had a very clear idea of what I wanted to achieve for my self-directed project and it was a difficult journey getting there. I wanted to submit my project as a photobook of no more than 20 images with accompanying text. The text had to be just right, to give just the right amount of information but also to add intrigue to the images. Of course what worked for the book didn’t necessarily work for the exhibition, so once I was preparing for that I found myself presented with a new set of challenges.
When you shoot for such a long period of time you also build up a huge amount of images. This made the editing process a lot more difficult than previously experienced. I would say it took weeks to get the final set of images together.
While it is great to have a lot of time to work on your project it is difficult to keep the momentum going. There were days that were filled with nothing but frustration, when the images you had planned just weren’t working or the weather let you down.
Despite all this, I have believed I have learnt some valuable lessons over the last year or so and my photography has improved because of it.
What does it feel like to see your work on the wall?
It’s an incredible feeling to see my journey that started off as being so personal become so public. I always felt very privileged to have the opportunity to photograph such a wonderful place and it is very special to me to have my work on show there. I was a bit apprehensive at first about showing my work to people that have a long history with The Mills including many who worked here during its period of operation, but so far it has been well received.
Would you recommend holding an exhibition to other students?
Yes, I would but you’ve got to be prepared for a lot of hard work. It is easy blogging/talking about how you would exhibit your work if the opportunity came along but actually doing it is a lot more challenging. I had a lot of big decisions to make and I worried a lot about whether I had made the right ones or not.
What’s next (photographically)?
I will be signing up for another OCA course. I think I would like to do Documentary. There are a lot of volunteers at The Royal Gunpowder Mills who have stories to be told.
Do visit the exhibition if you are in the area or passing through on the M25 – Waltham Abbey is just minutes from the motorway. Power runs until 31 August at the Royal Gunpowder Mills, Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1JY
Andrea Norrington. OCA Tutor | <urn:uuid:922d225d-6767-40f7-b955-1b5f6166ecdd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oca.ac.uk/weareoca/photography/powder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.986083 | 1,595 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Hamas, adding lies on lies does not make a “truth”.
Christof Lehmann – nsnbc – On Sunday 22 Juli the Hamas representative Mahmoud Zahhar declared that Hamas would not break away from the P.A. and the West Bank in the “near future“. One is tempted to tell Mahmoud Zahhar and the Polit Bureau of Hamas that adding one lie on top of another does not make a truth and neither is it to be understood as a “truth” in the war Hamas has effectively entered against Palestine in 2009.
The statement by Mahmoud Zahhar on behalf of Hamas however can not come as a surprise for regular nsnbc readers. The operand question is “What does Mahmoud Zahhar mean with foreseeable future” and not whether Hamas has plans to establish a Hamas led Emirate of Gaza in concordance with Israel´s, the GCC´s, NATO´s and the Muslim Brotherhood´s “Comprehensive Solution for the Middle East”.
For those who are tempted to give Hamas and Zahhar the credit of the doubt, it could be incumbent upon them to recall recent developments which have been roported on nsnbc.
- In 2009 Hamas as well as Lebanon´s Al Jamaa Al Islamiya covertly realigned themselves with the Qatar-led International Muslim Brotherhood. Also in 2009 Hamas officials were responsible for the infiltration of the Gaza Flotilla vessel Marvi Marmara, assisting the Turkish and Israeli government and the Turkish Muslim Brotherhood to assassinate nine Turkish members of the Muslim Brotherhood and associated organizations who were opposed to a Turkish military transgression against Syria. (1)
- Even though Hamas shortly before it left it´s Damascus office had declared solidarity with the Syrian government, Hamas suddenly left the Damascus office. This “escape” happened shortly after nsnbc had published the truth about Hamas 2009 U-Turn and betrayal of Palestine, Syria and Iran. (2)
- According to a reliable Palestinian Intelligence source in Turkey, Hamas had agreed to the U-Turn after having been promised a leading role in a Palestinian Spring after the fall of the Syrian government.
- Hamas is thus part of what President Obama at the 66th session of the UN General Assembly called a comprehensive solution for the Middle East and what an article on nsnbc has described as Israel´s Final Solution. (3)
- This Final Solution implies the permanent annexation of the occupied Syrian Golan, the permanent annexation of the West Bank, and the permanent annexation of parts of Southern Lebanon, as well as the establishment of a Palestinian Emirate Gaza led by Hamas, with support of Egypt´s Muslim Brotherhood, the GCC member states, and in fact Israel and NATO member countries, most prominently Turkey.(ibid.)
- The author of the present article and those referred to above has been presented unimpeachable evidence for the facts by a reliable Palestinian Intelligence Analyst situated in Turkey.
When Hamas and Zahhar inform the international media and the people of Palestine and neighboring countries that it has no intentions to separate Gaza from the West Bank in the foreseeable future, it may have the following reasons.
- The fact that the truth about the treasonous project was reported prematurely makes the implementation more difficult and Hamas rightfully fears loss of domestic support.
- The fact that the government of Syria, in spite of the Muslim Brotherhoods concerted efforts is not expected to fall in the foreseeable future, and the project thus is not expected to be fully implemented in the foreseeable future either.
As understandable as the political maneuvering of Hamas and its Polit Bureau is, adding lies on lies does not make a “truth”. | <urn:uuid:3c78e42d-3e62-4030-a678-0e774185365d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nsnbc.wordpress.com/2012/07/23/hamas-adding-lies-on-lies-does-not-make-a-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947113 | 760 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Our learning management system (LMS) of choice is Microsoft Teams, a simple and engaging online platform that allows teachers to work with students at home. Teams allows easy document sharing and editing, the ability to communicate through the chat function and provide feedback on student work.
The school is a ‘Microsoft Office’ school with staff and student email, Microsoft Teams, Forms, Meetings and a whole host of other Apps at our disposal. Your child can download the Outlook Email, Teams and Word App’s free to any device.
Our teaching staff are all fully trained on online ‘Teams’ teaching and are ready to provide an online education should the situation require. All students have had lessons to guide them in their use of Teams safely and effectively online.
There are handy guides in this section of the website, if you are having any difficulty please email email@example.com or call the school office.
Please ensure you and your child have read, and signed, the Acceptable User Agreement before attending any online lessons. | <urn:uuid:478e6138-c78d-49bc-88e9-8be37fbd5bba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://holyfamilyhighschool.co.uk/online-learning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931879 | 219 | 2 | 2 |
Parking lot lights are essential aspects in commercial as well as large residential areas. The lights help to significantly improve the rate of security in the parking lots and the areas surrounding it for both pedestrians, vehicle owners, and the vehicles as well. The lights also assist in ensuring safety when driving cars in and out of the parking lots at night. It is always wise to have parking lot lights on during the ensure night period for maximum effectiveness. While this is beneficial for the users of the parking lot, it means more costs for the owners of the commercial buildings or businesses. For these reasons, most people are turning to LED parking lot lights.
Benefits of LED parking lot lights over other types of parking lot lights
- LED Vs Incandescent lights- LED lights offer more advantages than incandescent lights as they use up less energy. Incandescent lights work by passing light through a filament which heats up to produce light. This process leads to energy wastage in the production of heat. Compared to incandescent lights, LED lights save up to 10000 hours’ worth of light and more.
- LEDs Vs CFLs- CFL lights work in such a way that electric current is allowed to flow between two electrodes. The electrodes are situated at the end of a tube filled with gas and coated with phosphorous. The heat hits the coating causing it to change into light. On the other hand, LEDs produce light when energy is passed through a semiconductor. Compared to LEDs, CFL lights use up more energy hence are more costly. CFLs also take up to thirty seconds to start while LEDs do not suffer this challenge.
- LED lights Vs Fluorescent lights- Fluorescent light is omnidirectional while LED light is directional. This feature can be looked at as an advantage over LEDs or not, depending on the application. For instance, when looking for a desk light LEDs are the way to go and when looking for a conference hall light, fluorescents are the way to go. In terms of energy consumption, LEDs are more energy efficient by far. Also, Fluorescent lights emit UV lights which are harmful to the eye. Between the two, LED lights are also more durable, more rugged and better in terms of quality of lighting.
Switching from standard parking lot lights to LED parking lot lights
Consider the following factors;
- Cost of replacing and disposing of the existing the fixtures
- Cost of installing and purchasing the new lights against the cost of maintaining the old ones
- Usability of the existing fixtures
- Cost of maintenance for the new lights and the reception
- Ease of installation of the new lights
Parking lot lights are similar to area lights and outdoor lights. The main similarity between these types of lights is that they are mostly aimed at enhancing security outdoors. Maintenance of these lights is the costliest aspect because they are exposed to elements like weather and theft. Controlling the lights is also a challenge that can only be solved by automizing them. | <urn:uuid:0c620114-599a-4356-af6b-95f1483575dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ledlightworld.co.uk/led-parking-lot-lights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958542 | 607 | 2.46875 | 2 |
There are plenty of organic meals tips you can benefit from. Even when you do not intend to make a wholesale change, you possibly can nonetheless discover the data that you must succeed. Many individuals do not realize that what they’re eating each day is often as unhealthy as what their youngsters are eating.
If you are not quite sure what sort of food you eat, you must consider making a life-style change. Possibly you’re too busy to try out any new merchandise. Maybe you’re residing in a big city where there is just no time to see the meals preparation firsthand. No matter what your causes are, you must study what to search for in a food preparation technique.
You will discover plenty of organic food ideas that will help you make the transition to organic food. You should always try to do not forget that considered one of the largest benefits of organic food is that you will be extra wholesome. When you incorporate these merchandise into your life, you will end up enjoying a healthier method of dwelling.
Folks typically select to make the switch from conventional foods to well being food. Nonetheless, it’s essential to do not forget that many of the merchandise in the marketplace are processed. It is best to keep an eye fixed out for those which can be pure and wholesome to make use of.
Before you head out to buy your merchandise, you must strive to find which kinds of plants comprise the highest level of plant protein. By making this buy, you will improve your consumption of healthy foods. Additionally, you will get a boost of power as properly.
Anytime you choose a product, verify to see if it has the right combination of nutritional value. You also needs to concentrate to the taste. One of the best natural foods have the suitable stability of style and nutritional value.
One other natural food tip to notice is to maintain tabs on the varieties of ingredients you use. For instance, most merchandise are created with low levels of sugar. But, you must also keep away from merchandise with excessive ranges of sugar.
It is usually greatest to examine the ingredient listing before you head out to purchase. Keep a listing of the substances in mind when you are selecting the best products for your family. Always be certain that you will have the correct quantity of meals.
Keep the quantity of various gadgets you utilize under control. You must also keep a healthy food regimen plan. The foods you are consuming at this time are stuffed with chemicals and unnatural substances.
If you have had the desire to get into the world of organic meals however have not but made the change, now’s the time. There are a lot of wholesalers out there who’re prepared to provide you with all the information it is advisable to know. As a substitute of settling for what you have, consider taking on a whole new lifestyle.
If you are in a position to add a number of the issues talked about in this article, you will soon be having fun with your natural meals. There are some fabulous and nutritious products accessible today. Organic foods are the safest solution to feed your family.
It’s never too late to begin to incorporate organic meals ideas into your daily routine. So long as you keep your eyes open and your ears open, you should be able to find something that’s best for you.
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If you are thinking about this content for this article, here are a couple far more internet pages with a similar articles: | <urn:uuid:b0e83730-c2b5-4306-9a5a-6e7ec84b4607> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeblogs.space/organic-meals-ideas-how-to-seek-out-the-perfect-natural-foods-for-your-family/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959463 | 737 | 1.875 | 2 |
To Girls: A Budget of Letters
by Hersey, Heloise Edwina
- very good
- Very Good
Palm Springs, California
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About This Item
First edition thus. Small octavo. Original red cloth stamped in gilt and black. Three page preface. No dust jacket. Very good (light foxing at edges). 247 pages. No signatures or bookplates.
Etiquette advice and guidelines for young girls.
Hersey (1855-1933), first female professor of Anglo-Saxon Studies. Graduated from Vassar.
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- Houle Rare Books & Autographs (US)
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- To Girls: A Budget of Letters
- Hersey, Heloise Edwina
- Book condition
- Used - Very Good
- Ginn & Company, Publisher, The Athenaeum Press
- Place of Publication
- Boston and London
- Date Published
- Bookseller catalogs
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Some terminology that may be used in this description includes:
- Another of the terms referring to page or book size, octavo refers to a standard printer's sheet folded four times, producing... [More]
- The decorative application of gold or gold coloring to a portion of a book on the spine, edges of the text block, or an inlay in... [More]
- Sometimes used as another term for dust jacket, a protective and often decorative wrapper, usually made of paper which wraps... [More]
- "Cloth-bound" generally refers to a hardcover book with cloth covering the outside of the book covers. The cloth is stretched... [More] | <urn:uuid:b68033f1-ba38-47c7-8cb3-5e98331295e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biblio.co.uk/book/girls-budget-letters-hersey-heloise-edwina/d/1408889282 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.820386 | 542 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Tech Talk and Concept Video (TTCV)
Last two decades have witnessed a drastic improvement in technical education. Technical institutions concentrate more on technical aspects that impairs the imparting of communication skills to students. In this present epoch English language is the only means to communicate their ideas. It has been noticed that technology assisted TTCV (Tech Talk and Concept Video) is the better approach to improve communication skills and presentation skills, especially speaking skills.
It is evident that a bad presenter is career limited. Communication skills, as a part of employability skills, gained a lot of attention in engineering education. Major employers want their employees, can communicate, think and continue to learn throughout their careers. In these globalised and multinational enterprises, English becomes the commonest medium of communication. Introduction of innovative methods and approaches become inevitable to hone the communication skills of students, among all TTCV is the most suitable for sharpening speaking skills. A bad listener can’t be a good speaker as listening and speaking skills are intertwined.
- The ability to communicate clearly in speaking and in writing is one of the most valuable professional skills.
- Communicating effectively relies on credibility, which is undermined by grammar and spelling mistakes, incompleteness, and errors in logic.
Need of English Language for Engineering Students:
About 35% of engineering students are from rural areas and most of them completed their schooling in their regional languages. In this context it is apparent that though students have good subject knowledge they lack in knowledge of English language that limits not only their present studies but also professional life in future. Employability skills are part and parcel of communication skills. Today employed engineer has to communicate across the world as the profession demands for it in MNCs (Multi-National Corporations) that is going to be complex for learning engineering graduates in future if they are not accomplished in communication skills.
Continuous Internal Evaluation System:
The conventional evaluation system does not give room to asses speaking and listening skills which play a vital role in future professional life. These limitations can be over come through introduction of TTCV in continuous internal evaluation system which provide a room for self-assessment which crucial in unremitting learning. In this the teacher can also learn new things.
From Tech Talk to Top Talk!
The table below highlights the differences between “tech talk” and “top talk” (effective communications for improved results) from the perspective of soft skills required to be an effective project manager. As a Project Manager, success and results depend on those key conversations that require attention throughout the project. Making things happen through other people requires strong communications and leadership skills. These skills must be applied every time you have a key conversation.
||“WIIFT” – What’s In IT for Them
|Power / Influence
||Lose - Lose
||Reactive, task based
||Proactive, relation based | <urn:uuid:130c2b1c-59fe-4b15-9dcb-39b3f51fcb4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iare.ac.in/?q=pages/tech-talk-and-concept-video | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932907 | 794 | 3 | 3 |
"Collateralized Debt Obligations" (CDOs) are a financial derivative that is a kind of bond that pays out based on revenue generated by a pool of assets: for example, a giant hedge fund might buy thousands of homes whose owners went bankrupt and suffered through foreclosure, and then rent them out at the highest possible rent with the least possible maintenance, and this generates thousands of revenue streams. Small slices of the revenue streams from many properties are pooled together into individual CDOs and these are sold to investors: when you buy one of these, you get a little bit of the rent from each of the tenants in the hedge-fund's holdings (other assets can be pooled together too, like payments on car loans, student loans, etc etc).
Financial engineers use complex (and utterly bogus) mathematics to choose which income streams are mixed together in which proportions, supposedly ensuring that the debt is safe, on the theory that lots of people with very different life circumstances would all have to stop paying rent or interest all at once for the whole CDO to become worthless.
A "synthetic CDO" is an even more complex, griftier, more bullshitty financial derivative that bundles together wagers on the peformance of real CDOs — for example, some financier might bet that a certain number of people whose debt is flowing into a CDO will go broke and if he's right, he gets a payout, and if he's wrong, he has to pay. The income from these wagers are then bundled together (again, using bogus mathematics) in ways that supposedly ensure that all the risk is hedged and investors will get paid no matter what.
CDOs are toxic as fuck, but there's a limit to how much damage they can do: you need actual loans or other payment streams to package up into CDOs. Once every rental property's payments have been financialized, you can't mint more CDOs from rental property. But synthetic CDOs have no limit: so long as there's a financial engineer willing to place bets on the performance of CDOs, there's a synthetic CDO to be packaged up from the returns on those bets. And that means that synthetic CDOs can be totally uncoupled from the real economy, which is how the 2008 crisis came involved trillions in debt, representing many, many multiples of the entire planet's net worth.
If a CDO is financial heroin, then a synthetic CDO is financial fentanyl.
Guess what? Synthetic CDOs are back!
According to the Financial Times, investors are "flocking back" to synthetic CDOs, these ones backed by corporate debts rather than consumer debt.
And while the current synthetic CDO market is "much smaller" than it was in 2008, it is growing fast, "on pace to surpass the $200bn traded in 2018" with "bespoke" versions of the product on course for $50-80b this year. No wonder! They're paying 10% year-on-year returns, just like those synthetic CDOs everyone was buying in 2008.
Financial advisors bemoan the unfair bad rep that synthetic CDOs have, but they should get over it. Here's Peter Tchir, chief macro strategist at Academy Securities: "On a scale of one to 10, with one being very cautious and 10 being very aggressive, this is only around a five."
The issuers of these synthetic CDOs are the same fucking banks that blew up the world a decade ago, many of them only squeaking through by taking billions in taxpayer bailouts: Citigroup, BNP Paribas and Société Générale (Barclays is scrambling to catch up).
Citi said in a statement: "Our synthetic CDO business employs prudent risk and capital management, and is both compliant and efficient with current and proposed regulation. "
Investors flock back to credit product blamed in financial crisis [Joe Rennison/FT]
(via Naked Capitalism) | <urn:uuid:bad3f360-e776-441d-b3af-10c847b86459> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://boingboing.net/2019/05/03/this-time-its-different.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964594 | 821 | 1.695313 | 2 |
This book focuses on enabling students to understand what research is, why it is relevant in healthcare and how it should be applied in practice. It takes the reader step by step through the research process, from choosing research questions through to searching the literature, analysing findings and presenting the final piece of work.
Key features of the book are:
- Tips for the best practice when reading and critiquing research.
- Activities to test your knowledge.
- Key points which highlight the important topics.
- A companion website which includes a critical appraisal tool to use when assessing papers, multiple choice questions and free SAGE journal articles for students. Seminar plans and PowerPoint slides are provided to support lecturers in their teaching.
It is essential reading for all undergraduate students of nursing, midwifery and healthcare. | <urn:uuid:aad7fe7f-7f90-45f5-b637-7e6d39e23d6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://au.sagepub.com/en-gb/oce/understanding-nursing-and-healthcare-research/book237797 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922128 | 165 | 2.875 | 3 |
How to Become a Professional Translator
The life of a professional translator offers a number of alluring benefits, but it’s by no means a walk in the park.
Competition is fierce. Deadlines are strict. And perfection is demanded.
There’ll be no blagging your way into a job in the translation industry unless you do so in at least two different languages!
It’s worth noting that the road to becoming a professional translator varies from country to country.
In the United States, professional translation accreditation is granted by the American Translators Association (ATA) whereas, unlike many other European countries, the UK does not have a system of ‘certified’ translators accredited by a particular body.
The closest thing the UK has to the ATA is the Chartered Institute of Linguists (CIOL) – a professional membership body for language practitioners. In the UK, the onus falls on translation agencies and language service providers (LSPs) like ourselves to train and develop aspiring translators to a level where they are ‘self-certified’.
Once a translator is deemed certified by a practising translation company, they are considered to have the necessary translation skills to certify official documents such as birth, death and marriage certificates, legal documents, academic transcripts, and more.
As a UK-based translation service provider, we will set out a step-by-step guide on how to become a professional translator at a British agency like ourselves. In this article, we’ll also identify the basic skills needed to become a professional translator, as well as recognising the benefits of a successful translator.
Laying the Groundwork
If you have your sights set on becoming a well-rounded and highly regarded translator, there are a few basic skills that you must master to stay one step ahead of the chasing pack.
It seems obvious, but the first skill you have to nail down is language.
You’ll need to be fluent in both the language you will be translating from (source language) and the language you will be translating into (target language). It helps to be either bilingual or a native speaker of the target language as many people are unable to translate accurately into a language that is not native to them.
Spending time in the country where your preferred source language originates is the best way to improve your language proficiency. When you study a language at university level, you are often expected to live abroad for a semester or year as part of your course.
It is extremely advantageous to have good computer skills if you want to pursue a career in translation. Knowing your way around MS Office programs is good, but if you have the ability to utilise design services like Photoshop or Sketch, you’ll massively improve your chances of finding work. Getting the knack of services like these will improve your client reach and make yourself a more versatile candidate.
Almost all translation work is client-based, so it’s imperative that you polish up your business acumen in preparation for meetings and networking.
Freelance translators are increasingly common these days, so there’s every chance you may progress into a freelance role. As a freelancer, you’ll be on your own so it’s up to you to wow any potential clients with your punctuality, planning and organisational skills.
To become a valued translator, you have to possess sterling writing skills in your native language. If you struggle to write in your own mother tongue, your translations may be inaccurate and unreliable.
How to become a ‘Self-Certified’ Translator – Step-by-Step Guide
If you follow these 5 steps, you’ll be on the road to becoming an accomplished and certified translator in no time.
Step 1 – Choose the right language
First things first – choose a language and pursue it. There’s no point juggling multiple languages before deciding which is your favourite. Do your research, visit the country, chat to native speakers and go full steam ahead.
If you’re struggling to pick a language, we’ve written an article detailing some of the best languages to learn. Alternatively, we’ve also noted down some top tips on the best way to learn a language if you’re looking for some inspiration to get you started.
In terms of research, you may want to consider what jobs are available in your field of interest. For example, if you’re interested in international affairs it’s useful to know that the official languages of the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
If you want to minimise future competition, you might want to consider challenging yourself with some of the hardest languages to learn for english speakers.
Step 2 – Further Education
With stiff levels of competition circulating through the translation industry, it’s pretty handy to have a few post-high school qualifications and/or degrees up your sleeve.
Having a Bachelor’s degree in Translation or any relevant languages will do your CV the world of good. You can even go one step further and obtain a postgraduate degree. Similar qualifications including the Diploma in Translation (DipTrans) would also give you a trump card when it comes to gaining work experience or translation jobs.
Step 3 – Focus on a specific industry
Once you’re fluent in a foreign language, it’s time to target specific industries and industry-specific terms for a field that you’d be interested in working in.
On the whole, businesses tend to employ industry-specific translators rather than generic translators as they tend to be more aware of certain terminology and relevant industry processes.
This is particularly evident in sectors such as healthcare, education, legal, and government. Alternatively, you may want to look for language courses that specialise in a certain field. For example, medical Portuguese language courses or French education language courses.
On top of this, you may want to contemplate getting non-language-related certifications in an industry that you are considering working in.
Becoming a paralegal would boost your chances of being able to translate legal documents while training to be a teacher could present you with the opportunity for educational translation work. Legal translation is an increasingly popular method of translation for businesses who work internationally, so it’s a great opportunity to take your translation career worldwide.
Step 4 – Get some work experience
Whether it’s an intern role with an LSP or a freelance job that you’ve acquired yourself, all relevant translation experience is incredibly valuable.
To gain experience, you can look for voluntary roles or entry-level work which will help you understand what it takes to produce high-quality translations at a consistent rate.
After a while, you’ll start to build a portfolio that you can use to show potential clients which could be your golden ticket to regular employment or full-time freelancer work.
Step 5 – Market yourself and your work
Once you’ve got your foot in the door and you’re starting to make a name for yourself, it’s important to make sure your name stays out there!
Marketing yourself and your work is great brand awareness. If you ever decide to spread your wings and go freelance, you’ve got to have that ‘brand’ behind you to pick up prospective clients.
The world is your oyster when it comes to marketing your work. You can build your own website, write blogs, join online groups for professional translators, and most importantly, sell your services worldwide through online platforms.
The successful translators don’t stop there. They continue to learn and widen their industry knowledge all the time. Whether that’s learning a new language or targeting further industries, there’s always another step in the process!
If you’re interested in pursuing a career in translation or interpretation, we offer a range of training services including the Diploma in Translation course to help you work towards the relevant CIOL exams. | <urn:uuid:3d989156-2ce5-416c-90ad-691091e549b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globallanguageservices.co.uk/how-to-become-a-professional-translator/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934009 | 1,681 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Friday Finds to Nourish Your Day:
It’s Friday and we are happy to share these resources and materials to help you promote fun learning to nourish the children in your lives!
Keeping nutrition fun is our theme. In fact you will often see our tagline at the bottom of the page: "The fun way to learn about nutrition". We don't mean just for kids, we want it to be a visually pleasing experience for parents and teachers as well.
We do this in a few ways:
one we keep our parenting handouts cute and designed so that it always conveys a positive and fun factor - parents can review their nutrition and healthy choice handout with their child
we have created tools that parents can use - we add in a fun element as well so that it is enjoyable to use and you can use it with a child.
We don't want learning about nutrition to be boring for parents! We know it is not the most exciting topic. So we try to inject some cute graphics and outline the content to enhance the experience
We use our Chef Solus character as our spokesperson for our webpages and materials whether it is for the parent or teacher or for the child. Using a character always inserts a little fun!
Learn more about our members features in our grown-up section of the website
As a member, you can see other members' Top Pick choices that are found on our website
Check out our Nourish store, where you can find posters and books that all have a healthy theme and message for children and the family. It is perfect for schools, afterschool programs and at home. | <urn:uuid:7268e1db-1812-4ac0-8cd2-daf5154f911a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.nourishinteractive.com/blog/1291-resources-for-parents-keeping-nutrition-fun | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952831 | 335 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The babies have been expressing their creativity by mark making in the tuff spot. At this young age, the children are developing their palmar grasp and our special egg shaped chalks support them to make marks in a way that feels natural to them. The babies also experienced some messy play painting this week, and for some of the children this was their first experience of painting. One of the babies was a little unsure to start with, due to the new texture of the paint but the staff demonstrated and encouraged him to use his hands to make some simple marks. He really enjoyed it, and started hitting his hands up and down on the table and watching and giggling when the paint splattered!
This week the babies have also been focusing on shape, space and measure, doing a variety of activities to develop their skills and understanding. For example, the babies have been using the stacking rings – taking the wooden rings off the stick and attempting to replace them. The staff supported the babies by showing them how to do it, and the babies watched closely before attempting to do it themselves. | <urn:uuid:493c2dd1-07ca-4eb5-854f-e4185e671476> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myshootingstars.com/bromsgrove-mark-making-in-the-baby-room/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982854 | 217 | 2.234375 | 2 |
In order to avoid duplication of work and to improve efficiency, the government on Thursday merged the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) with the Ministry of External Affairs.
Announcing the merger, External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj tweeted on Thursday, “As Minister of External Affairs and Overseas Indian Affairs, I realised that a substantial work of MOIA is done through our missions abroad. Therefore, I proposed to Hon’ble Prime Minister that MOIA should be merged with the Ministry of External Affairs.”
Sources, however, indicated that the decision to merge MOIA with MEA was taken as senior diplomats wanted officials dealing with foreign workers-related issues and emergencies to have better diplomatic back-up and coordination.
Explaining the official line, a spokesperson of MEA said the merger of MOIA was to avoid “duplication” as most of the work of MOIA was done by Indian missions abroad. “Even the information for answering the questions related to MOIA in Parliament used to be provided by the Indian missions,” said the spokesperson. But reportedly, the MEA, which has been short of staff, wanted greater number of officials with diplomatic experience in key positions in MOIA to deal with emergencies involving Indians in various crisis-prone countries in West Asia. The merger is expected to increase efficiency in MEA’s emergency work abroad.
Sources told The Hindu that MEA wanted the key operational posts, including that of the Protector General of Emigrants, one of the most important offices in MOIA, to have diplomatic focus.
The post of Protector General of Emigrants is responsible for issuing registration certificates to recruitment agents who send workers abroad, especially to the Gulf region. | <urn:uuid:1c1543bf-57b7-4aee-bb2a-b73a6e5b87df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.brics-info.org/overseas-indian-affairs-ministry-ministry-of-external-affairs-merged/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96564 | 353 | 1.640625 | 2 |
BEACONSFIELD’S precinct group is showing some green shoots after a long dormancy, with a funky rebranding and a project to bring a community garden back up to scratch.
The precinct recently held a community picnic to get ideas from residents about what they’d like to see happening in their suburb.
A community garden was a common wish, says Maggie Armstrong, who soon found herself co-opted onto an organising committee.
Ms Armstrong said when the committee was casting around for a suitable site, they discovered there was already one in Annie Street being held together by a lone volunteer desperate for some help.
So this coming Saturday October 17, they’re calling for green thumbs to pitch in with some weeding and planting to give the site a new lease of life.
The garden is at Winterfold Primary School on Annie Street and was a project sparked by an earlier generation of the precinct about 15 years ago, who wanted to transform a sump into a space to share with the school. It was almost derailed by over-zealous engineers at Freo council who suggested drains across the school’s oval rather than cover the sump, but former mayor Peter Tagliaferri stepped in to rescue the project.
Now students have their own planting beds, while a bush tucker garden is a recent addition.
Ms Armstrong says they plan to go slowly, but she hopes the garden can eventually be expanded so that families can have their own plots to grow fruit and vegies.
The precinct’s rebranding has also seen it renamed Beacy Web.
Co-convenor Carissa Toy Péché says the new name aimed to reflect the many threads that make up a community and hold them together.
The planting and planning day on Saturday is being held from 9-10.30am and includes morning tea. For more information contact Ms Toy Péché on 0422 918 294.
by STEVE GRANT | <urn:uuid:04ab7451-c427-4579-b7e3-f80504595510> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://heraldonlinejournal.com/2020/10/09/green-shoots-in-beacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970835 | 405 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Check the 'Throwing a Curve Ball' link to learn about the mechanics of a curve ball.
A curve ball in baseball.
the momentum of the baseball carries the ball the way you spin it
A pitched ball in baseball that curves in the direction opposite to that of a normal curve ball.
Baseball is the only sport to have a technique officially called a 'curve ball'. However, the various forms of bowling, including bowls (aka lawn bowling) also sometimes refer to the hooking of the ball after its release as a curve.
Yellow Hammer is a term for a curve ball that not only breaks but has a big drop to it. Another term for Yellow Hammer is a '12 to 6' curve ball. Other terms for a curve ball are 'yakker' and 'Uncle Charlie'.
There are types of curve balls one being the backdoor curve ball.
Fast ball, curve ball, drop ball, screw ball, rise ball, change up, curve drop, off speed curve. | <urn:uuid:c453ebb9-727c-4971-9d3e-9d499f406976> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sports.answers.com/Q/Who_is_famous_for_his_curve_ball_in_baseball | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963779 | 221 | 3.046875 | 3 |
By Bob Glowacki
This past summer we held the capstone celebration for our Milwaukee Summer Stock Market Game teams. It was the culmination of a summer of learning created through a partnership with EconomicsWisconsin, Asset Builders of America, United Way of Greater Milwaukee and Waukesha County and the City of Milwaukee. Most of the teams were comprised of young people from zip codes with the highest levels of poverty in the City of Milwaukee. During the ceremony, we asked each advisor and one young person from each group to tell us about their experience. Many shared how intimidated they were at the outset. The language of investing was foreign to them. They hesitated in making their first trade, unsure of what to where to invest their $100,000 in virtual cash. Some hesitated to invest in anything at all, for fear of losing virtual money.
Then the light came on with the realization that money does not grow without investing. There was prize money involved too, two hundred dollars for the winning team members. They wanted to compete and began making their first trades. Through discussion and homework, teams made connections on how the pandemic was effecting the economy. One team chose to invest in online retailers who were providing goods that people needed. Another team put their investment in a drug maker who we all hope will be successful in finding a vaccine for COVID-19.
From there the young people talked about the lessons learned about the power of investing, compounding interest, the role of mutual funds and diversification of assets. They saw how wealth can be created and even potential career opportunities.
It is probably the hardest thing in my job to explain to donors and educators about the impact of the Stock Market Game. It is not just a game. Through competition and classroom lessons, it unlocks the mysteries of how our economy works, how corporations work and the dynamism of our markets. A reality is revealed that each person is part of that economy as a consumer, entrepreneur, investor and labor.
After a few speakers, I heard those magic words, “I want to learn more. I wish there was more time for the game.”
Gotcha! That’s what I love to hear. The old saying in show business is, “you always want to leave them wanting more.” These young people were not satisfied. They hungered for more. These young people saw opportunities for their future and dreams were forming. Dreams that feed a quest for knowledge. Dreams that can become career and financial plans. Dreams that fill a young person with hope. Dreams, I hope and pray, that will become a reality for each of these young people. For the price of $5.00 a student that is quite a return on your investment! | <urn:uuid:64ccdeee-a6f8-4070-bbd3-7d66cca2a92f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ewwcee.org/about-us/market-of-ideas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978846 | 557 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Korea Times | 18 April 2019
Aborted for-profit hospital
The Jeju provincial government has revoked the business license of a Chinese-owned medical institution, dashing the hopes for the nation’s first for-profit hospital.
"The Greenland International Medical Center failed to open without justifiable reasons after three months had passed since it won conditional approval for launch," Jeju Governor Won Hee-ryong said at a news conference Wednesday. "Nor had it made any substantive efforts to begin operations after that."
The cancellation of the license was due in large part to the opposition of civic groups concerned about the possible collapse of the public healthcare system. The opponents said the launch of a for-profit hospital on the resort island could lead to the appearance of similar institutions in seven other free economic zones, including Songdo in Incheon, resulting in a medical divide and damaging the public nature of Korea’s healthcare system.
Their assertions are not without reason. More than a few people are also worried the first for-profit hospital could shake up the public healthcare system, which some say is better than in many advanced countries. It could prove to be the Trojan horse that topples Korea’s excellent public healthcare system, as a civic activist put it.
That said, the authorities concerned can hardly be free from blame for their flip-flopping on this issue. The Chinese investor has built its hospital at the cost of 77.8 billion won ($68.6 million) and hired several medical professionals. However, the provincial government, conscious of adverse public opinion, held a public hearing commissioned by a group of experts. After the hearing came up with a negative conclusion, officials gave the go-ahead on the condition of restricting treatment to foreign patients, and has now nullified the license.
With the decision, both the central and provincial governments could face adverse effects of losing trust among foreign investors. The Chinese group may file a suit against the Korean government, using the investor-state dispute settlement system. Related officials should actively prepare for the expected legal battles and conduct a consistent policy to prevent the recurrence of such confusion as this. Only then will foreigners feel able to invest in Korea free from anxiety. | <urn:uuid:cf3fc82d-e852-4e35-a5c4-6d60bad59c83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bilaterals.org/?aborted-for-profit-hospital | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967861 | 448 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Ongoing negotiations over the past few weeks between DEPA, the Public Gas Corporation, and most of the country’s independent gas-fueled electricity producers, in search of new annual gas supply deals for 2017, are proving especially difficult this year as a result of the unique conditions brought about by the current winter’s energy crisis.
Unprecedentedly, all major consumers are seeking maximum gas amounts, prompting DEPA to seek additional orders in order to meet demand.
In response, DEPA is seeking to include a clause in its new annual agreements with the thermal electricity producers that would enable the gas company to raise prices when demand remains high over extended periods and requires DEPA to pay higher amounts for its gas orders, including extraordinary LNG shipments through the spot market.
The thermal producers have already voiced their objections to such a prospect. They contend that existing agreements include clauses specifying the maximum daily and annual gas amounts DEPA is obligated to supply to each company. The existing agreements also include formulas determining price levels based on the types of gas DEPA receives from its steady suppliers.
All but one of the country’s thermal producers are currently engaged in talks with DEPA for new supply deals covering 2017. Heron is not involved as the producer has already signed a long-term agreement with DEPA.
The independent thermal producers, most of which renew their agreements with DEPA on an annual basis, also contend that they should not be treated differently to Heron and PPC, the Public Power Corporation, both holders of long-term agreements with the gas corporation.
Thermal producer company representatives told energypress that DESFA, the natural gas grid operator, should be responsible for managing the energy crisis, not DEPA, as it is a trading company, even if state-controlled.
It remains unknown when the gas-deal talks between for the thermal producers and DEPA will conclude. Agreements reached will apply retroactively as of January 1, 2017. | <urn:uuid:5fc9bd74-8ab7-4ce0-ba0d-91a739303c0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://energypress.eu/tag/thermal-electricity-producers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965093 | 401 | 1.773438 | 2 |
By Alessandro Amicarelli
On November 15, 2021, on the eve of the International Day for Tolerance, CESNUR and Human Rights Without Frontiers co-organized one of the bi-monthly webinars on the Tai Ji Men case, with the title “Witnessing for Tolerance: Scholars, NGOs, and the Tai Ji Men Case.”
Camelia Marin, Deputy Director of Soteria International, introduced the webinar, noting that intolerance is prevailing in several countries, and spread by the media, against certain new religious and spiritual movements, and is present even where many would not expect it, including in Taiwan, as the Tai Ji Men case, of which she offered a short summary, proves. She also introduced a video where specific, and in some cases tragic, victim cases evidenced the prevalence of tax injustice and the use of taxes as a tool for intolerance in Taiwan.
The full video of the webinar. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=7&v=sWoW-YEZFbI&feature=emb_logo
Massimo Introvigne, an Italian sociologist and the editor-in-chief of Bitter Winter, discussed how the rigidity of bureaucracy can produce intolerance. He mentioned the novel by Franz Kafka The Castle and the studies by American sociologist Robert K. Merton—both reacting against the praise of bureaucracy by one of the founders of modern sociology, Max Weber—as prophetic texts denouncing what may happen when bureaucrats no longer understand administrative regulations as means to an end but regard them as ends in themselves.
These pages, Introvigne said, perfectly apply to the case of Tai Ji Men in Taiwan. He offered as evidence the letters recently sent by two Taiwanese ministries, of Finances and of Justice, to the Overseas Community Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan, who had enquired about the Tai Ji Men case.
Rather than discussing the substance of the matter, these letters stated that the decisions of the National Taxation Bureau and the Administrative Enforcement Agency against Tai Ji Men were formally valid. This, Introvigne said, is reminiscent of what the main character in Kafka’s novel is told: that by definition bureaucrats never make mistakes, and that whether an administrative decision is right or wrong is not important, what is important is that it carries the appropriate stamps.
A view of the webinar.
Willy Fautré, co-founder and director of Human Rights Without Frontiers, told how following an initiative by the UNESCO the United Nations adopted November 16 as the International Day for Tolerance. He identified tolerance for all forms of religion and spirituality as a key feature of tolerance in general, and one that is often neglected.
Fautré acknowledged that in many cases religious majorities are intolerant towards religious minorities. In other cases, intolerance against religious and spiritual groups has political motivations. This happened, Fautré noted, when intolerance targeted Tai Ji Men in Taiwan. This, he said, was particularly sad considering the international role of Tai Ji Men’s leader, Dr. Hong Tao-Tze, as a champion of tolerance.
On September 11, 2001, when one of the worst episodes of intolerance motivated by religious fanaticism happened through the terrorist attacks, Fautré said, Dr. Hong was in New York for a United Nations conference. Rather than leaving the city, as many did, Dr. Hong and the Tai Ji Men dizi stayed in New York and calmly continued with the ceremony of ringing their Bell of World Peace and Love, believing that praying for peace and advocating for tolerance was more needed than ever.
Giuseppe Cicogna, director of the Italian committee for interreligious dialogue Fedinsieme (Faiths Together), reminisced about his meeting Dr. Hong in 2019 in Torino, when he accompanied the president of Fedinsieme, attorney Francesco Curto, to a ceremony where the leader of Tai Ji Men received an international award. Cicogna said that the Tai Ji Men case in Taiwan is so twisted and contradictory that one may legitimately suspect that, rather than applying laws or administrative regulations, the aim of some rogue bureaucrats was to slander Dr. Hong and Tai Ji Men and destroy the valuable work they carry on for international peace.
If such is the case, Cicogna noted, then much more is at stake than a mere tax case. “I would like to tell Tai Ji Men and Dr. Hong, he concluded, please do not abandon this fight. Many internationally renowned experts are speaking out in your favor and others, I am sure, will join them in the future and support you.”
Marco Respinti, director-in-charge of Bitter Winter, praised Tai Ji Men for their relentless pursuit of justice and introduced a second video featuring Wang Chien-Shien, the former president of Taiwan’s Control Yuan. Wang said that, although there have been improvements in the situation of human rights in Taiwan, much remains to be done. He identified two core problems that generate systemic injustices.
First, there are too many administrative laws and regulations, a fact that confuses the honest citizens and makes abuses easier. Second, the performance evaluation process for government officials is based on “something like cheating,” and even obviously corrupted or lazy bureaucrats routinely receive good evaluations. Obviously, this should be changed. Wang was also Minister of Finance of Taiwan, and said that when he was asked later to write the preface of a book on tax injustice (the ROC Centenary Taxation and Human Rights White Paper), he realized he had been co-responsible of it, and wrote down, “I am a crook.”
“When I was the Minister of Finance, we must have a lot of laws like this that do not consider civilian life.” he said. When he was doing charity work after leaving off the post, and felt painful while “adapting to” those regulations and explanation letters, he thought he was such a jerk before.
Also presenting their testimonies via video were Sean Chen, managing partner of a law firm, and Sang Pu, a political commentator and lawyer from Hong Kong. Chen said that, since he is not representing Tai Ji Men, he is often asked by colleagues why he publicly speaks out about the case. He mentioned the case of the “banality of evil” in Nazi Germany. Evil prevails when nobody speaks out, and evil also prevails when laws are applied mechanically without considering their rationale and their aims. This is what happened in the Tai Ji Men case, Chen said, which is not an individual case but offers a window on a widespread situation of tax injustice and intolerance in Taiwan.
Sang Pu also said that the Tai Ji Men case should be of concern for all those who care for human rights. An injustice inflicted even on a single person is an injustice inflicted on all. The price of freedom, he said, is eternal vigilance, and the secret of freedom is courage. “I am not a Tai Ji Men dizi, he concluded, but I believe it is my duty to fight for tax justice and freedom of belief. And I am sure many others will join us.”
Andy Wang, the retired vice-president of a Taiwanese company, told how practicing qigong at the Tai Ji Men Academy greatly improved the situation of his son Jason, who was suffering from asthma, his own back pain, and even his character, so that he could achieve excellent results in his career as a corporate executive and factory manager. He attributes this success to the teachings of Dr. Hong. Many others, Wang said, received similar benefits from Dr. Hong and Tai Ji Men, which renders the injustice and intolerance vested on them even more painful and absurd.
Respinti then introduced a third video, which presented the protests of American dizi on November 5 at the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Washington DC, the third such protest after those carried out in July and September this year.
Video of the protests in Washington DC.
Megan Hsu, a Tai Ji Men dizi who works as a chief purser for an international airline company, shared her beautiful but challenging job experience and told how continuously flying may create health problems, which she was helped solving by her qigong practice. She also reported how she traveled to various countries with Dr. Hong for cultural exchanges, and came to understand and appreciate his role as an international advocate for conscience and ambassador of traditional Chinese culture, which greatly benefited the international image of Taiwan, as several Taiwanese presidents recognized.
She was particularly impressed by a meeting in Istanbul between Dr. Hong and Turkish journalist and activist Dr. Hakkan Suver, president of the Marmara Group Foundation. Hsu is now engaged in protesting against the intolerance and injustice against Tai Ji Men, and hope the current President of Taiwan Tsai Ing-Wen will intervene and solve this situation that has not found a solution in 25 years.
Tony Hu, a businessman, reported that he immigrated as a child with his parents to the United States, was educated as an American, and did not know much about Chinese culture. In 1999, a classmate who was a Tai Ji Men dizi persuaded him to travel to Seattle in 1999 to watch the 50th-anniversary edition of the famous Seattle Seafair Torchlight Parade.
1,200 dizi led by Dr. Hong participated in the parade, were among the most admired groups, and helped Tony reconnect with Chinese culture. He joined Tai Ji Men the next year, and went to many countries for cultural exchanges. In the process, he learned from Dr. Hong the importance of conscience, which helped him understand how some bureaucrats’ lack of conscience was the core problem in the persecution of Tai Ji Men.
Hu concluded by quoting the tragic case of judge Khanakorn Pianchana in Thailand who in 2019 was pressured to convict five suspects he believed innocent because of political interference. When the court ruling proved the five defendants were innocent, his conscience could not accept this extrajudicial intervention, and he shot himself publicly in the courtroom. He was rushed to the hospital, was saved by the doctors, and returned home.
In 2020, since despite the publicity that had surrounded his case the system was not improving and interference on judges continued, he shot himself again and this time he died. This case, Hu believes, proves that a conscientious person cannot bear the injustice received by others, let alone impose the injustice on others. He called on President Tsai to rectify the false case of Tai Ji Men as soon as possible.
Yu Ting-Lin, a dizi who works in a research institute, told the painful story of how many in his family were terrorized by the persecution and slander against Tai Ji Men, and either abandoned the movement or tried to hide their affiliation with it. Yu said that it is difficult for those who did not go through these experiences to understand what really happened, and how heavy was the pressure the dizi were subjected to. He expressed gratitude for the fact that so many international scholars took an interest in the Tai Ji Men case, and hope that this will finally lead to its solution.
Bernadette Rigal-Cellard from the University of Bordeaux, widely regarded as the leading French scholar of new religious and spiritual movements, concluded the webinar. She compared the situation in Taiwan to the one in France, where taxes have also been used to discriminate against religious and spiritual movements. She also noted that the adjective “Kafkaesque” is still used in English to indicate situations arising from the rigidity of bureaucracy, a testament to the importance of Kafka’s novel The Castle mentioned by Massimo Introvigne.
She added that she visited Taiwan several times, and followed with sympathy its path to democracy. She still believes in this path, Rigal-Cellard said, but she is astonished by the Tai Ji Men case and wonders how such a stain on Taiwan’s international reputation is not rectified. She concluded that she is not a dizi of Tai Ji Men but she admires them, and sees them as a model of peaceful protest in front of intolerance.
Introducing the book Live the Tai Ji in Your Heart.
A final video presented a new book, Live the Tai Ji in Your Heart, so far available in Chinese only, while the English version is under translation. Ruby Chang, one of the authors, explained that many conflicts derive from not understanding each other. “Tai Ji” is one of the oldest forms of psychology, and may help solving both personal and social problems. | <urn:uuid:b7a47732-e43d-4a48-a212-a6131898670e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://soteriainternational.org/witnessing-for-tolerance-scholars-ngos-and-the-tai-ji-men-case | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973416 | 2,628 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Legend has it that the stallion (Hengist) and the horse were the twin gods that led the first invasion of Britain. This helps us understand the significance of the huge chalk horses carved into the hillside in the county of Wiltshire. They are thought of like fierce warriors; skilled fighters who loved victory and were miserable when conquered. The horse portrays readiness to act for one’s country and is a symbol of speed, intellect and virility. As a horse-brass, it seldom has a rider, although it may be saddled and bridled. When in a Rampant position (rearing on its hind legs) it is ready for action; this is perhaps why it usually faces to the left…. as a warning to one who is approaching to treat the bearer with caution.. Facing to the right suggests a milder nature and compassion for others. It was sacred to Anglo-Saxons, representing great wealth and social rank and was associated with the Celtic goddess Epona, one of the few Celtic deities to be worshiped by the conquering Romans. This may help explain why ownership of one’s own horse was a pre-requisite before becoming a Knight.
Horse Brass: Horse Rampant
Horse Brass: Horse Rampant.
Made by ARMAC Brassworks, Birmingham, England.
Hand cast using only the finest British brass.
Hand filed to remove any excess brass after casting.
Hand polished to enhance the natural beauty of high quality brass.
ARMAC Brassworks has been creating quality brassware for more than 75 years. | <urn:uuid:b5151873-e392-4924-ae54-753aabf4915a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://house-of-windsor.com/product/horse-brass-horse-horseshoe-collection-horse-rampant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962721 | 339 | 2.875 | 3 |
The Role of Humility and Modesty in Being a Good CEO
When you think about a CEO of a major corporation, what image comes to your mind? Many people think of a CEO in the way they are represented in the media. There are two stereotypes that people usually attach to CEOs. They are either older individuals who are weathered and experienced in the business. Or they are young and tech-savvy individuals who have a genius-level intellect and a fiery passion for their work.
Because these stereotypes are burnt in the collective psyche, it often surprises people when they listen to the CEO of a company talk who does not fit any of these ideals. They may not be articulate, they may not seem knowledgeable on the subject, and they may speak in a dispassionate way, which makes it easy to believe they are an imposter.
It is a mistake to group CEOs into boxes like this. One reason this is a major error is that if a CEO does not meet our preconceived ideas of what a CEO should be, we could doubt the company they represent.
The truth of the matter is that CEOs come in a variety of forms. There are many successful CEOs who are not the best dressers, do not have an athletic build, and have difficulty stringing two words together. Much of what makes those CEOs successful is the work that they do that goes on behind the scenes.
Some CEOs have a mind for technology. They are brilliant in designing technology that can impact the lives of people. Other CEOs are phenomenal managers. They understand people and know what is needed to make their people perform at the highest level possible. There are other CEOs who are big picture thinkers. They are visionaries and can transmit confidence in their vision to others.
With time and maturity, entrepreneurs can identify the positive qualities that different CEOs bring to the table and can respect them for the valuable work they perform in their respective organizations. Two outstanding qualities that many CEOs have, although it might not seem like it, are humility and modesty.
To be clear, a CEO may have a lot of bravado. They may have a larger-than-life personality. But if their company is successful, it is because the CEO is humble enough to recognize that there are people in their organization who are smarter than they are. They are modest enough to recognize their limitations. They need to identify talent in others and use that to make their vision a reality.
The CEO recognizes that it is not important for them to be the smartest person in the room. What is important is for their room to be full of the smartest people in the field. A good CEO will learn from others and help others work to be their best. | <urn:uuid:01177efa-7281-49bd-a328-bca85de78f57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://luke-lazarus.medium.com/the-role-of-humility-and-modesty-in-being-a-good-ceo-3f089cfede95 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983355 | 547 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Reverend Robert Hickman
Enslaved man Robert Hickman left Missouri in 1863 with about 75 others, and on a raft traveled north on the Mississippi River, in search of freedom. The raft was discovered by a steamboat and towed the rest of the way to St. Paul. Hickman, a preacher, sought a place for his group of "Pilgrims" to worship in their new home. In 1866, Hickman and other migrants established Pilgrim Baptist Church. which is still active in St. Paul today.
At first, Hickman was not licensed to preach in the Baptist Church, so for the first 11 years, Pilgrim Baptist Church was led by white preachers. When Hickman received his license, he became the church's official pastor from 1878-1886. He died in St. Paul in 1900. | <urn:uuid:dace7ddc-6d19-4c41-848a-23bc5acd83dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mnhs.org/education/resources/reverend-robert-hickman | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983602 | 171 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Successful debut flight for Europe’s Vega-C rocket
Europe has made a successful debut of its new Vega-C rocket.
The medium-lift vehicle was launched from French Guiana to deliver seven satellites into orbit, the largest of which would test Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
Vega-C is critical to Europe’s continued access to space.
A huge gap in capability needs to be filled as Russian rockets are no longer available due to the war in Ukraine.
Moscow’s withdrawal from the market for Soyuz launchers earlier this year has left European institutional and commercial satellites scrambling for alternative rides.
Vega-C will be the obvious choice for many, although before Wednesday’s successful first flight, the new Italian-led rocket system was fully booked for 2023, 2024 and 2025.
And that’s another reason why Vega-C’s entry into the launcher business is critical. Its first stage, the vehicle segment that lifts it off the ground, will also be used on Europe’s upcoming heavy-lift rocket, the Ariane-6.
Sharing stage technology between both launcher systems is expected to result in significant cost savings.
“The demand for launches in Europe is going to be high in the next few years and beyond, and Vega-C and Ariane-6 are going to be our workhorses,” said European Space Agency Director General Joseph Aschbacher.
“You should see this first flight as the first launch of a new generation of European rockets, the beginning of strengthening Europe’s role in space transport,” Italian space agency president Giorgio Saccoccia told BBC News.
The Vega-C is a revamp of the older Vega vehicle introduced in 2012. Upgrades lead to greater efficiency as well as cost reductions. And its designers hope their changes will also allow for increased flexibility to meet the diverse demands of today’s satellite operators.
Some spacecraft, such as the European Union’s Earth observation Sentinels, can weigh up to two tons. At the other end of the spectrum, there has been an increase in the production of shoebox-sized (and smaller) spacecraft.
Vega-C will therefore have the capability to fly large, single payload missions as well as so-called rideshare missions where several tens of satellites are lifted simultaneously.
Another role for Vega-C is to carry Europe’s mini robotic space shuttle into orbit. A space rider will take over a scientific experiment and return it to Earth. His first outing is likely to happen in 2024.
Both the earlier Vega and Vega-C use upper-stage engines made in Ukraine. The war in the Eastern European nation has made it a hot topic.
There are concerns that the conflict could disrupt supplies of these RD-843 motors, produced by Yuzhmash, Ukraine’s state-owned aerospace manufacturer.
But AVO, the Italian firm responsible for assembling Vega vehicles, says it already has enough for the short term.
In the long term, a Western European alternative is being developed.
Ukraine, as well as wanting to join the European Union, also wants to become a member of the European Space Agency. One of its important contributions is engine technology.
“The process has started. It takes about 10 years to go through all the steps for full membership,” said Dr. Aschbacher explained.
“I have a mandate from the member states of Esa to discuss with Ukraine and identify opportunities for projects or cooperation, although in the current situation this is only happening at a light level.
“But, of course, there is a huge interest on the part of Ukraine to pass all binding steps as soon as possible.”
Wednesday’s launch put seven satellites into orbit, including the LARES-2 (Laser Relativity Satellite-2) payload. Looking like a disco ball, it will be precisely tracked by lasers from the ground.
Researchers at Italy’s National Institute for Nuclear Physics say this will allow them to test for “frame dragging,” a phenomenon predicted by Einstein’s equations that warps local space-time around Earth as it rotates. | <urn:uuid:8443ac8d-8ef0-4be8-8cad-3852c1294f37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ustimesnow.com/successful-debut-flight-for-europes-vega-c-rocket/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949594 | 881 | 2.28125 | 2 |
CHENNAI: A large number of fish were found dead in Ennore Creek for the last two days after a thick oily substance was discharged from the industries in North Chennai. It was spotted that fishes were half dead when the effluent was let out and started floating. Fishermen complained that it has been a perennial issue and continues to affect their livelihood.
"We catch fish in this creek daily, for the past few years we witnessed hot water being discharged from the industries here. Additionally, with the oil effluent mixed in the water body and different kinds of fish are found dead. We are unable to sell these fish at the market as they stink with chemical smells," said M Rajini, a fisherman at Nettukuppam, Ennore.
"Though it is a regular issue faced by the locals here, from Sunday, we spotted more fish floating. We do not go to the sea for fishing every day, as we are dependent on the fish in the river. And when we are not able to catch healthy fish, our livelihood is affected," he added.
Locals complain that they are tired of protesting against the industries. Though the concerned government department will visit the spot, no action was taken to settle the issue till now.
In addition, the chemical could be spotted only till 2 pm, as the water flow pattern continues to change every six hours. During the afternoon time, the creek receives sea water where the river has clean water.
"Now with thousands of fish dead, it would take at least two-three months for fishermen to catch healthy ones. At times, whenever we see oil being discharged after 10 am, we return home. On the other hand, it is harmful to the people who consume these fish," said S Kumaresan, another fisherman.
When contacted a senior TNPCB official stated that the team is inspecting the water body, and if the problem is identified it will be resolved soon. | <urn:uuid:9393320f-667b-43df-9820-0dbcaa8fe792> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dtnext.in/city/2022/07/25/hundreds-of-fish-found-dead-at-ennore-creek-locals-irked | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979765 | 396 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The making of a monument, together with
*More will follow*
A few pictures from the process of making a monument on the Adama van Scheltemaplein,
in Amsterdam-Zuid, remembering happenings that took place on this square during
the Second World War.
-Hilde cutting foil for the monument in a cantine.
-Celine holding the foil.
-The concrete tiles being placed. | <urn:uuid:a13d791e-c4a2-4603-a760-adb628630096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hildemeeus.nl/making_monument.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.829323 | 99 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Pool of Bethesda by the sheep gate
John 5: 2- 14
- There was a pool called Bethesda, at Jerusalem. Multitude of sick people, blind, lame, paralyzed were lying and waiting by the side of this pool. For what? An angel will come down at certain time to this pool, and stir up the water. Whoever step down in to the pool first, when it is stired will be healed from any disease.
Yes, Bethesda means house of grace or house of mercy. This Bethesda is near sheepgate, and Jesus is our sheepgate . The water of our Bethesda is stired up not at a certain time but always by the Holy Spirt, whenever we wait to read and meditate the living water, the word of God. The word of God, the living water will heal our body and soul and deliver us. Psalm 107:20.
- Now a certain man with infirmity was lying down there for 38years. But there was no one to put him in to the pool, when the water is stirred up. Yes, today there are thousands of spiritual blind, lame, and sick people who can not enter into the water. Many are with out peace, and health and are waiting. Let us guide them by our prayers and by our counselling according to the word of God.
- He is waiting for 38 years. Imagine, howmuch his clothes and bed would have been dirty and foul smelling! He cannot walk, work or run. Yes, today there are thousands of people who are stained with sin and lying in the bed, and are unable to walk or work for our Lord.
- Our Lord Jesus is so compassionate to come near him, because he can’t walk and go to Jesus. He asked him, do you want to be made well? Yes, salvation is freely given. He will not compel anyone. Choice is ours. Let us thank our Lord, who came down to us and healed us.
- Jesus told him, rise, take up your bed and walk. Yes, today let us rise up from our stinking bed of sins. Let us rise and walk for our Lord.
- It is a surprise that this man didn’t know the one who healed him. Yes , we too are not knowing the goodness, what God is doing daily in our life. Today if we are healthy to walk, eat and breathe with out difficulty means , it is only because of our Lord Jesus. How many are paying money for oxygen to breath in ICU of hospitals? Like this man, we too are not knowing the one who is keeping us in good health. Let us realize and thank God.
- Jesus told him,” you have been made well, sin no more, lest a worst thing come up on you”. Yes, our sin will bring us bondages. So let us be aware not to do sin.
God, who healed this man from infirmity ,should help us too, who are unable to walk for Jesus for 30, 40, 50, 60 ,even 70 years of our life. May God bless each one of us according to the above word of God. Amen. Hallelujah.
Dr. Padmini Selvyn. | <urn:uuid:f2be6220-62e3-464f-ad83-fb575208a926> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kotkoh.org/bible-reading/270-days-bible-reading/john/pool-of-bethesda-sheep-gate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971854 | 667 | 1.5 | 2 |
A cavernoma is a small cluster of thin and thick walled venous channels without any intervening neural tissue. A cavernoma may be found near a large vein that drains a large region of brain called a developmental venous anomaly (DVA). A cavernomas, however, lacks and direct connection with any feeding arteries or draining veins. Cavernomas are usually found in the brain and brain stem, rarely are they found in the spinal cord. In 50 percent of case a cavernomas are multiple.
Genetics has been shown to influence caveroma formation. In fact entire families that have cavernous malformations have been identified and studied. Mutations in several genes have been identified (CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3) that are responsible for the autosomal dominant inheritance patterns of cavernoma in these families. This autosomal dominant inheritance pattern accounts for less than half of cavernomas, and the remaining patients have a spontaneous mutations that lead to the formation of these cavernomas. Radiation treatments to the brain have been associated with the spontaneous formation of cavernomas, particularly if the radiation was administered in childhood.
Patients with cavernomas may present with new onset seizures, progressive neurological deficit and occasionally cerebral hemorrhages. Cavernomas tend to have repeated small hemorrhages that are rarely neurologically devastating. The annual risk of a cavernoma bleeding ranges from 0.2 to 2 percent. Cavenomas are usually diagnosed on MRI as they have a very characteristic appearance.
The treatment strategy for a caveroma depends on its location in the brain and spinal cord. Cavernomas that are in surgically accessible regions of the brain usually can be removed with a reasonable degree of safely. If a cavernoma is located in the brain stem or spinal cord surgical excision carries a greater risk of post-operative neurological deficit. For this reason, cavernomas of the brain and spinal cord are frequently observed and surgical resection is reserved for patients who have repeated hemorrhages associated with neurological deterioration. Surgery is the only available treatment for cavernomas and it is well documented that they do not respond to radiation therapy. Some families of patients with multiple cavernomas and/or multiple familty member with caernomas may benefit from genetic counseling.
Axial flair sequence of the brain demonstrating a right temporal cavernoma. Note the dark ring (arrowheads) around the cavernoma. This ring, called a hemosiderin ring, arises from old blood products that are deposited around the perimeter of the cavernoma following small hemorrhagic events. This hemosiderin ring is characteristic of cavernomas. | <urn:uuid:2d890682-94b3-4636-b9a3-583907af7ed1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nyspine.com/blog/what-is-cavernoma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936856 | 519 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Terrell is a city located in Kaufman County Texas. Terrell has a 2020 population of 17,795. Terrell is currently growing at a rate of 0.94% annually and its population has increased by 1.89% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 17,465 in 2010.
The average household income in Terrell is $63,492 with a poverty rate of 18.00%. The median rental costs in recent years comes to $1,038 per month, and the median house value is $135,100. The median age in Terrell is 37.2 years, 36.8 years for males, and 37.4 years for females.
According to the most recent ACS, the racial composition of Terrellwas:
The highest rate of high school graduation is among asian people with a rate of 100.00%.
The highest rate of bachelors degrees is among white people with a rate of 19.68%.
80.93% of Terrell residents speak only English, while 19.07% speak other languages. The non-English language spoken by the largest group is Spanish, which is spoken by 18.29% of the population.
Overall Poverty Rate
Male Poverty Rate
Female Poverty Rate
The race most likely to be in poverty in Terrell is Islander, with 100.00% below the poverty level.
The race least likely to be in poverty in Terrell is Hispanic, with 14.42% below the poverty level.
The poverty rate among those that worked full-time for the past 12 months was 3.53%. Among those working part-time, it was 34.15%, and for those that did not work, the poverty rate was 24.28%.
Veteran Poverty Rate
Veteran Disability Rate
Labor Force Participation
Non citizens include legal permanent residents (green card holders), international students, temporary workers, humanitarian migrants, and illegal immigrants.
Born in Terrell
92.97% of Terrell residents were born in the United States, with 70.56% having been born in Texas. 4.72% of residents are not US citizens. Of those not born in the United States, the largest percentage are from Latin America.
|Year||Population||Growth||Annual Growth Rate| | <urn:uuid:9979f58c-03c7-4e4a-8993-4db704f9809b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/terrell-tx-population | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.886172 | 985 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Yesterday marked the 10th anniversary of the launch of Windows 95, by far the most high-profile and successful launch in personal computing history. But the date passed without any mention of the milestone from Microsoft, which is busy preparing the ever-delayed Windows Vista, the 4th major version of Windows it will ship in the wake of Windows 95.
"Windows 95 offers far more than just excellent DOS compatibility," I wrote in February 1995, in a Windows 95 preview for a newsletter aimed at educators. "A fully redesigned 'document-centric' user-interface is easy to use and understand. The conspicuous Start button on the standard task bar begs to he pressed, revealing cascading menus containing shortcuts to programs, recently used documents, configuration options, and help. The task bar has a button for each running program, offering a quick and easy way to switch between these programs."
Ah yes, it was all so new then. But after a decade of 32-bit, multithreaded operating systems, and a mind-numbing series of electronic attacks against Windows systems, PC users are starting to become a little more jaded towards technological advances. Today's Windows versions are based on a completely different code base than Windows 95, and are much more stable and reliable. They're arguably more secure as well, though the toll of constant hacker attention is felt by all who have purchased multiple antivirus and anti-spyware solutions over the years.
Ultimately, Windows 95 was more a marketing success than a technological breakthrough. Most of the advanced technology in Windows 95 was seen previously in the little-know release of Windows for Workgroups 3.11. Where Microsoft really succeeded with Windows 95 was in convincing a mass audience to get excited about software and dump their existing PCs and upgrade. The Windows 95 launch was accompanied by a $300 million marketing campaign that included local events around the globe and the licensing of the Rolling Stones' song "Start Me Up." (Fun trivia: Microsoft originally wanted to license R.E.M. song "It's the End of the World as We Know It," but the band refused.)
Despite the hoopla at the launch, the most lasting legacy of Windows 95, of course, is the near-constant legal battles Microsoft has suffered since that operating system was in development. After failing to halt the bundling of the MSN online service with Windows 95, US regulators eventually brought Microsoft to trial for illegally bundling versions of Internet Explorer (IE) and other middleware in Windows 95, Windows 98 and other Windows versions. Since then, Microsoft has definitely lost its groove: The company and its products are rarely seen as hip or trendy, and software releases since Windows 95 have passed with little excitement in the wider world. Microsoft stock, once the darling of Wall Street, has barely moved in several years.
Products such as Xbox 360 and XP Media Center Edition are attempting to change all that, but Apple's dominance in the digital media world and Sony's dominance in video games have shuttered Microsoft thus far. It's a brand new world, one in which the software giant is competing in many markets it does not dominate. In that light, the success of Windows 95--which entered a market it was guaranteed to win--is perhaps a bit diminished. But it should still be remembered fondly as the high-point in Microsoft's history thus far. Strange that the company doesn't see it that way.
For a fun look back at Windows 95 from the eyes of a beta tester, check out my Windows 95 Preview on the SuperSite for Windows. | <urn:uuid:b7e46fef-cc83-43ca-9bec-5a6a33fcd7c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itprotoday.com/windows-78/windows-95-10th-anniversary-passes-silence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95398 | 724 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Seventy Year Anniversary of Women Anglers Article Opinion by News Of The Area - Modern Media - April 27, 2022 Mrs Ringland and her daughter Judith. SEVENTY years ago, on May 7, 1952, the Australian Women’s Weekly ran a two page article entitled ‘Women Anglers’, telling the story of the Tea Gardens Ladies’ Fishing Club, formed the previous year as a social group for the local women who usually had full time jobs as housewives, cleaning, cooking and caring for the family. A day out fishing was a welcome break, resulting in “hours of fun, companionship, and relaxation, plus hauls that a professional fisherman would not be too proud to claim”. According to the article, the Club had a membership of 33, ranging in age from sixteen to over 60. It met fortnightly to decide on outings, fundraising and trophies which were usually awarded for the best catch of the day. Fish were judged on one point per fish and one point per pound weight, with official captain and weigher-in being Tom Perrin, proprietor of the local boatshed (now the Boatshed Restaurant). All the ladies were experienced fisherwomen who knew their fish, tides, types of bait, lines and sinkers. Some took their children and made a picnic of the day, but the keener fans did not stop for lunch. As well as fishing from boats, beach and estuary fishing were included. The article was illustrated by eight large photographs of members in action, taken by Adelie Hurley. The final words of the story? “And all members clean their own fish.” By Anne JOHNSON, Tea Gardens Family and Local History, Inc. The members of the Tea Gardens Ladies’ Fishing Club in 1952. Mrs Harry Harper and Lottie Gassard. | <urn:uuid:bd395732-f24f-4752-8bd8-7819222aea41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsofthearea.com.au/seventy-year-anniversary-of-women-anglers-article-91713 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979257 | 382 | 1.859375 | 2 |
> Yes! Your delete statement does not reference the context of the trigger.
> (That is done using the OLD.XXX or NEW.XXX pseudo records.) Therefore, your
> delete statement is interpreted just as it would be if you issued it
> independently. What you have said is, effectively:
> >delete drug_bill_item where bill_id=bill_id
> which would naturally delete all records where bill_id is not null.
> What you want is something like:
> delete drug_bill_item where drug_bill_item.bill_id=new.bill_id;
Is it new.bill_id or old.bill_id?
> P.S. It would help us help you if you said what type of trigger you have
> created (before insert, after update, etc.) There can be small differences
> between them.
Well ,i had given the trigger as a 'before delete'.
Nataraj S Narayanan
Synergy Info Systems
Ph:95 484 557244 | <urn:uuid:538a829a-9677-481e-a2e7-b9822c719460> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fb-list-archive.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/firebird-support/2002/4/11317.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.923299 | 251 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Social workers perform their tasks in a wide variety of social settings, involving intensely intimate contacts that intervene in a clients moral and social privacy. In this book the author argues the practical relevance of actual sociological research as a valuble resource that can help improve services for clients. A highly recommended book for all practitioners, teachers, managers, social policy planners, and students interested in sociological aspects in our society.
International Social Work
This book will be a useful resource for teaching. The author is convincing in his grasp of contemporary issues in social work and is successful in bringing his sociological perspective to bear on these issues.
The book is divided into chapters that focus on the relationship between social work and service users, informal care, illness, institutions, stigma, delinquency and relative deprivation. The text is broken down into easy-to-follow sections accompanied by references to the literature that will be useful to students.
Graham Allen, Department of Sociology, University of Southampton
We've been struggling for a text, but this is great for us… because it covers a wide range of material in a way that will be understandable by both the sociology and social work students. I particularly like the progression of the book, with each chapter following on well from the last. | <urn:uuid:eb5c4eae-3f05-48b9-bff3-955677be0dd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uk.hachette-push.io/products/social-workers-the-community-and-social-interaction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937343 | 261 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Located on the site of the former West India Docks, One Canada Square is not only a skyscraper that puts a stamp on the London skyline; it’s a symbol of economic revitalisation. For over a hundred years, the West India Docks were amongst the busiest ports in the city, but by the 1960s, business started to dwindle until the port finally closed in 1980. The British Government then developed the London Docklands Development Corporation to stimulate the area economy and things really picked up when Canadian firm Olympia & York took control of the project in 1988.
Olympia & York then hired the architecture firm of Cesar Pelli & Associates, Adamson Associates, and Frederick Gibberd Coombes & Associates, who designed a tower similar to 200 Vesey Street in New York City, another building owned by Olympia & York. The architects wanted to make sure that the building had a uniquely British character, however, and changed the design to be slightly more reminiscent of Elizabeth Tower and to use steel to honour Britain’s history as an industrial nation. The original plan was to make the building 55 storeys and 864 feet high, but that proved to make it high enough to be an obstruction for flights coming into Heathrow, and the firms had to take off five floors to comply with air traffic regulations. The building was then made denser to make up the difference.
Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons then started in construction in 1988, but the construction was slow, and after a worker strike in 1989, Lehrer McGovern took over and then contracted out most of the work to Balfour Beatty. Prior to being finished One Canada Square actually overtook Tower 42 as the tallest building in the United Kingdom, a feat capped off with the finishing of the building’s pyramid roof. The roof weighs more than 100 tonnes, is 131 feet high, and is constructed from 100,000 nuts and bolts. Construction finished in August 1991, and the Duke of Edinburgh was present for the opening ceremonies on the 26th of that month. It took some time for the tower to fill up completely since most of the tenants had not moved in at the time of the opening and a global recession prevented other firms from expanding their operations.
Of course, this was not the end of notable moments in the building’s history. In 1992, One Canada Square was subject to an attempted terrorist attack by the Irish Republican Army. The bombers had orchestrated a way to do the maximum amount of damage to the building but were thwarted because the IRA members illegally parked their van containing the bomb, causing them to get noticed by One Canada Square’s security guards. Terrorists managed to elude the guards, but the bomb proved defective and ended up doing no damage. More recently, a nineteen-year-old Harry Gallagher got in trouble with the police for illegally climbing the building, sneaking past security and climbing the pyramid roof.
Today, the fifty floors contain nearly forty tenants with businesses ranging from JP Morgan to railway company High Speed 2. While much of the building is not open to the public (unless you sneak past like Mr. Gallagher, which isn’t recommended), you can still take it in from the ground level and enjoy a meal and cocktails at One Canada Square Restaurant. Open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner; the restaurant also offers “bottomless” dinner and brunch. While you’re in the area, be sure to explore everything the district has to offer. For Star Wars fans, the Underground station also served as the filming location for the Imperial base on Scarif in Rogue One. | <urn:uuid:cc62e5d2-f38c-4a2a-9adc-986017e7acf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://londontopia.net/culture/buildings/great-london-buildings-one-canada-square/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970614 | 736 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If you are using Outlook for more than inch accounts, make sure that you choose the calendar to get the account that you want to share. If you are using Outlook for more than inch account, then ensure you choose the calendar for the accounts you want to share with you. You need to create each item separately and the easiest solution to have this done is out Outlook and then import the file to the Calendar.
In the event you would like to share a calendar with someone who works for the exact same company, the procedure is fairly straightforward. If you are using Google Calendar but in addition utilize Outlook for calendar items and email and contacts, then you might be trying to find a method to keep the 2 calendars . Now, we will choose the Google Calendar we all would like to sync, and also the target. It’s still pretty straightforward, however, and we’re going to pay the way it works therefore you may point people here if they are looking hard to access your shared calendar. It follows that she’s actually able to see what’s happening along with your calendar but cannot change it. Now you are going to be more in a position to share iCloud Calendar using Outlook.
The Need For Standardisation Of Peak Flow Charts | Thorax – 1361
Predicted Pediatric Peak Flow Values | Amanda Jaks, Cpnp – 1356
On occasion the typical steps don’t always do exactly the job. Should you drop from the site start when working with logbook formation without a intricate for every single different records. At the minute that you cover a visit to the positioning start including all the logbook design lacking signing up for more or not any leading border records.
The knowledge is incorrect. So in the event you opt to switch, are always planning to get your Outlook information along with you personally. Just what these individuals could likely obtain exceptionally advantageous is undoubtedly an internet site that delivers these products computer date-books that may be evolved without having to pay for any type of dollars in regards to it. It’s employed in high-security sites that need wireless capability but cannot store data on outside servers. He could click on the hyperlink to understand your calendar sidebyside with his or her own . These individuals would know extremely handy is an internet page which provides most of them computer datebooks which may be metabolized without having to pay whatever bucks in reference to it. That’s the main reason why we’ve included a FAQ section below to work with you with probably the very normal I-Cloud and Outlook syncing difficulties.
Pincheryl Dwyer On Pediatric Nursing | Asthma, Allergy – 1359
Assess Peak Flow Meter | Products | Assessment, Flow – 1360
Printable Peak Flow Chart | Scope Of Work Template | Places – 1354
Peak Flow Chart Pdf Uk – Bedowntowndaytona – 1362
Printable Peak Flow Chart | Using The My Peak Flow Diary Or – 1353
Asthma : School Nursing 101 – 1357
Pinsarah Schwartz On Camdyn | Allergy Asthma, Asthma – 1355
Peak Expiratory Flow – Wikipedia – 1358
If there are no platform difficulties, verify you’ve got the latest edition of i-OS on your apparatus. It may not be an problem with your Calendar or devices. The matter with Alpha Bundle Sync is it takes on your own Outlook folder. There are situations where it is logical to use named ranges, for example in case you have fields in the dictionary that won’t be imported.
A huge number of individuals use not less than one variety of timetable every 1 day. You may need to select the individual’s name which you would like to talk about with you you calendar along with. Elect for the permissions that you want the individual viewing your calendar for. Provided that you’ve got the individual’s email on your contacts list, you’re likely to take a situation to discuss your calendar. | <urn:uuid:ab151e69-3c0d-4eb6-a981-3166d3c10002> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lornosa.com/peak-flow-diary-printable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93196 | 827 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Open Home Protocol 101
Updated: Nov 12, 2020
Manners go a long way and it is no different when you go to an open home. You are entering someone’s personal space, and in some cases, they have lived there their entire lives. So I just thought it would be a reminder, a good reminder, that when you do go to somebody's property that we bear in mind what we say and what we do.
Usually, it is respectful for all parties to take their shoes off and leave them at the door. Especially if the house is well presented and/or you get there and are asked to take your shoes off. You can expect that the person is trying to keep their house clean and tidy. It also could be a cultural thing as in Eastern Europe and Asia.
During these days, especially amidst an epidemic, a register of who goes in and out that property is also kept. So, therefore, I would say to you, if you're going to an open home, expect to give your full name, your mobile number and email address, and your address. Besides the COVID tracer app being a reason for this, the salesperson may have agreed with the vendor or the owner, that they will get some feedback about the property. See if they're interested, see what price point the person thinks it fits in. And that is why when you go to an open home, you have to expect a follow-up.
Another thing, quite frankly, is that it would be great if you could come forward and say what you expect. If you're going to open homes and you're not actually in the market, stay home. Similarly, if you're taking children to open homes (and by all means, do!), it is your responsibility to supervise them. If you can't control their behaviour, stay home and get someone else to look at the house.
I've also turned around once at an open home — and I saw somebody on the roof! I just about had a heart attack. I had to tell him to get off in a stern voice and watched him as he did. So please, you are not a builder. If you want to investigate, you're not to physically go up or press or prod on things.
The other thing that I wanted to bring to your attention is that sometimes I've had the old pain who lives down the road, who decides that every open home they're going to go to, they're going to say at the top of their voices: they thought it was a bigger lounge, the lounge is small, they didn't realize the deck was so small etc.
If you want to say that stuff, save it for when you go home. Save it for when you're in the car. Don't complain in front of these potential buyers. It all comes back to remembering that this is somebody's house; they are trying to get the most for their property. Putting down somebody's life's work and putting the salesperson in an awkward situation is just plain sad.
So again, please remember your manners and hope to see you at the next open home!
Have a listen at https://podcasts.apple.com/nz/podcast/property-chit-chat-by-louise-roke/id1472819138 | <urn:uuid:7e4549d8-e109-4850-92af-3e2a98d6eb44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goodtonic.co.nz/post/open-home-protocol-101 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982308 | 680 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The Time Machine From Back To The Future : The vote is unanimous on this one – Doc Brown's cult classic DeLorean has to be among the handiest sci-fi gadgets ever invented. The nifty flux capacitator makes time travel not only possible, but easy. What wouldn't we give to have this baby sitting in our garage and skip all the bad parts of life, like Mondays
Transformers : Ok. Lets face it. We've all wanted a bright yellow Chevrolet Camaro that can “transform” into your personal robot. Autobot or Decepticon, who doesn't need a two in one gadget that can handle both travel and trouble?
All Those Cool Robots : What would Sci-Fi be without Star Trek's Data who is, quite simply the smartest Android ever built? Or super-droids C3PO and R2D2 from Star Wars? Or even permaglum Marvin with a brain the size of a planet from The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy? With these guys around, life's as easy as ABC
Lightsaber From Star Wars : A Si-Fi gadgets list is incomplete without the legendary weapon of all time – the Lightsaber. Made of pure energy, this sword is what the Jedis and the Sith use to channel the force. A toy version of the Lightsaber was used by Sheldon Cooper to protect himself in an episode of the Big Bang Theory
Teleporter From Star Trek : Space travel is a doddle when you've got teleporter beams that transport you instantly to wherever you want to go. As used by Captain Kirk and the crew of USS Enterprise, teleporters take the trouble out travel. Why has nobody invented one in real life yet? No more endless traffic jams, breathing in diesel fumes with the taxi meter running – beam us up, Scotty
Iron Man's Suit : Tony Stark's given his original suit from the Sixties a modern makeover. These days, it's not made of iron any longer and is snazzily coloured red and gold. What makes this suit so cool? It can fly (duh!), is controlled by a wise-cracking computer called Jarvis, and has all the firepower possible. Goodbye Whiplash, Titanium Man and Radioactive Man. Plus, who doesn't want to be Robert Downey Jr., secretly?
Contact Lenses From I-Spy : These lenses rigged with camera and microphone help Eddie Murphy give Owen Wilson seduction lessons on date night. It worked for the Shanghai Knight and what's to stop it working for every lonely heart in the real world? No more bad romances
The Neuralyzer From Men In Black : The memory wipe device makes it possible for Agents J and K to keep the presence of aliens on Earth secret from the population at large. Especially useful for husbands/boyfriends in the doghouse. That time you forgot her birthday? Whip out the Neuralyzer
Touch Screen From Minority Report : Tom Cruise wasn't the only thing cool about Minority Report. This computer with it's interactive touch screen was made in gadget heaven. Could this be the future of Microsoft's Kinect?
Cerebro From X-MEN : Spanish for brain and Russian for silver, Cerebro is the machine used by Professor Xavier to find mutants. Developed with mutant scientist Dr Hank McCoy and frenemy Magneto, Cerebro is a powerful tool in the hands of a telepath. Just be glad your mother doesn't have one
Remote Control From Click : Ah. If only we could pause, fast forward or slow down time. Wouldn't that be a lot of fun? Skip work every day with a click of the remote control; slow down those special moments with that special someone, change the language you speak in or even your skin tone. That what Adam Sandler does with a remote that controls life in Click
Chitti From Robot : I-Robot + Super Man + Nano technology + the awesomeness of Rajinikanth = Chitti. Smarter than a 1000 men and multilingual, Chitti is not a robot to be crossed. He also has an army at his disposal and with their help he takes on many forms including a giant bowling ball with guns, a snake or even a tower
G.One's Suit From Ra.One : SRK again! Later this year, the Badshah of Bollywood will suit up as a superhero in a costume that cost a crore to build. Some cool effects such as rays emitting out of the outfit have been added. From the trailer of the films it looks like the outfit gives SRK super strength and the ability to fly. G.One vs Iron Man, anyone?
Invisibility Bracelet From Mr. India : The Hobbit had an invisibility ring, Harry Potter has an invisibility cloak, and Mr India has an invisibility bracelet. But unlike the others, Mr. India's invisibility bracelet has a weakness. When exposed to red light the bracelet cannot keep you invisible. The island of Mogambo where the final showdown takes place is an inspiration from the James Bond film Dr. No
X-ray Goggles & Magnetic Boot From Badshah : The techiest Bollywood star uses the techiest gadgets in his films. The goggles will help you see through anything (Yes. Anything. Naughty) and the boots will help you walk vertically up walls. No more waiting in elevator queues
Dr Evil's Cryogenic Freezing Machine : Austin Powers' archnemesis, Dr Evil, repeatedly evades capture by freezing himself in a space rocket shaped like a Big Boy, forcing the International Man Of Mystery to also have himself put into cryostasis. They spend a few decades frozen in time, to be revived in the ‘90s
Proton Pack from Ghostbusters : If there's something strange in your neighborhood, who ya gonna call? That's easy – Ghostbusters, armed with the proton pack to hunt down and get rid of any otherworldy plasma manifestations that might be lurking around the house
Point Of View Gun From The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy : The point of view gun does precisely what its name suggests - if you point it at someone and pull the trigger, they instantly see things from your point of view. Could this be the answer to a woman's prayer – a way to get your husband/boyfriend to see your point of view, minus the argument?
Put Outer From Harry Potter : It might be magical but we think the Put Outer could well be a real life gadget, given time. It's pretty much a remote control the size of a cigarette lighter that switches off lights. Neat and effective. Wands not required
The Fortune Telling Machine From Krrish : The future gazing machine from Krish is a straight up rip off of the one from Paycheck. But the reason Krish is on this list instead of Paycheck is that it is the only Bollywood flick not to ruin the Sci-Fi experience with cheap thrills and horrible VFX. Besides, for the ladies, it has heart throb Hrithik Roshan in a tight black costume flying across the screen | <urn:uuid:c525e02d-7a01-4b23-96fe-75ebd3166753> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gadgets360.com/photos/20-cool-movie-gadgets-we-wish-were-real-10868 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9256 | 1,459 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Every state has laws in place to protect children. These include, but are not limited to abuse or parental neglect, parental kidnapping, or the sudden incapacity or death of one or both parents. Under any emergency circumstances, courts may step in, issue orders of custody to be certain someone is going to care for the child during a temporary or long-term period.
Local and State Laws Apply to an Emergency Custody Order
The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA), sets forth laws that govern child custody enforcement, as well as jurisdiction (which means which court has the authority to issue the order). It was adopted by all states, except for the state of Massachusetts. The UCCJEA was made to discourage interstate kidnapping by a non-custodial parent. Prior to the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, it was typical for non-custodial parents to, without consent or permission, take their children across state lines, as well as ask courts out of state to grant custody orders.
Under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, parents only can file for custody within the state in which their child has resided for the last 6 months. However, there are certain provisions which handle issues on emergency custody. For instance, if you must flee your home state due to your child’s welfare being threatened by the other parent, because of neglect or abuse, the new state might use its emergency jurisdictional authority in order to issue an order for temporary custody until it (or home state court) is able to find a solution that is more permanent.
The court within the county in which the child resides usually has local jurisdiction in most matters for emergency custody. It is possible to seek an emergency custody order from the court in your area. The court inside the county in which a child resides usually has local jurisdiction within many matters of emergency custody. If your child is in danger from his/her other parent, you may visit the county courthouse in your area and ask for emergency temporary custody. You might or might not need to appear before the judge, depending upon the laws of your county. The court might place your youngster with you on a temporary basis and might not need the other parent’s appearance as it issues an emergency order for temporary custody. But, judges typically schedule complete court hearings so they can determine orders for permanent custody, and they take place fairly quickly after awarding temporary orders; therefore, both parents have a chance to present their part of the story to the judge.
In addition, emergency custody does not only apply to parents. If any adult has knowledge that a child being abused or neglected by an adult, regardless of whether that adult is a parent, grandparent, relative, family friend, or guardian, report that situation to the local social services or child welfare department.
Talk with an attorney
If you have a desire to get the child placed with you on a short-term basis, you will have to file a temporary custody motion with the family court in your jurisdiction. Removing children from their caregivers or parents is a complex matter, so you’d likely have to talk to an attorney with expertise in custody matters. As children are placed into temporary protective custody, typically, the courts work toward repairing the issues within the family home to reunify kids with their parents. It might include, but is not limited to, sending parents to substance or alcohol abuse rehab, ordering continual drug testing and screenings, parenting courses, and anger management.
When there are circumstances that endanger a custody agreement or your child, there is little time to hesitate. Emergency custody orders and emergency hearings allow you to act quickly to protect your youngster.
About Wendy Satin Law
Attorney Wendy Satin practices Family Law and Criminal Defense Law. She brings a wealth of trial experience coupled with calm, straightforward approaches and keen legal acumen to Wendy Satin Law and is regarded as one of the best lawyers in the State of Maryland.
Ms. Satin brings her vast trial experience and empirical knowledge to the table, whether the job is big, or small. All cases are “big” to the person at risk, or experiencing the breakdown of their family, and they deserve to have someone with a thorough and realistic grasp of the law, and judicial system, helping them in their time of need.
You are not alone – we can help. Contact Wendy Satin Law today at 301-762-1000 to discuss your case and the best way to proceed, or visit our website: www.wendysatinlaw.com. | <urn:uuid:5f983642-c34a-4275-92e3-6ca60bb75581> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wendysatinlaw.com/emergency-child-custody-in-maryland-what-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956074 | 936 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Our scientific and research team
Barcode nanotech's management & researchers and scientists.
CEO AND CO-FOUNDER
Ronen Eavri, Ph.D. MBA
Leading new product development in pharmaceutical and medical device companies for over 10 years (formally: J&J and D-Pharm) .
Scientific education from the Hebrew University, Technion and MIT.
CTO AND CO-FOUNDER
Annie Sabbah, Ph.D.
Former CTO of MPT Diagnostics and Lab Research Manager at Rambam Campus (Technion). Expert in microparticles and molecular biology.
Scientific education from the Technion.
R&D TEAM LEADER
Felix Badinter M.Sc.
M.Sc. in Biotechnology from the Technion.
Over 8 years of industrial experience in Research and Development in the fields of biotech and nanotechnology.
ANALITICAL CHEMISTRY LEAD
Valeria Rukhman Ph.D.
Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the faculty of Chemistry of the Technion.
Over 15 years of experience in pharmaceutical QC laboratories.
Or Rosen M.Sc.
M.Sc. in Biotechnology from the Tel-Hai.
Experienced in various chemical and biological processes.
Scientific Advisory Board
Experts in nanotechnology with global experience.
INVENTOR AND CO-FOUNDER
Avi Schroeder Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Faculty of Chemical Engineering at the Technion. Prof. Schroeder is Head of the Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies Laboratory at the Technion.
Co-founder and inventor - ViAqua Therapeutics, Moebius Medical, InPlant, and PEEL Therapeutics.
Yechezkel Barenholz Ph.D.
Professor of Biochemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is on the Editorial Boards of "Chemisty and Physics of Lipids" and the "Journal of Liposome Research". Prof. Barenholz has over 300 publications and over 30 patents
Inventor of the first FDA-approved liposomal medicine and founder of several prominent startups.
Medical Advisory Board
Beatrice Uziely M.D. MPH
Head, Ambulatory Services Unit, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah. She is a leading mammalogy oncologist and is one of the most well-known experts in the field of treatment of breast cancer.
Received her MD from the Hebrew Univeristy in Jerusalem.
Shai Rosenberg M.D. Ph.D.
Senior Neurologist, Neuro-Oncologist, and Head of Cancer Computational Biology Lab at Hadassah Medical Center. Expert in computational biology and cancer genomics.
M.D. and Ph.D. in statistical genetics from the Technion.
Our board members founded and managed various biotech companies.
Ei Yamada Ph.D.
President and CEO of AnGes, Inc., a leading biopharma company specializing in gene therapy. Is also the current CEO of AnGes Euro Ltd. and AnGes USA, Inc.
Former director at Takaro Shuzo Co. and various roles at Sosei K.K. and Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation.
Aharon Schwartz Ph.D.
Former Vice President, Head of Teva Innovative Ventures. Current Director of Protalix Biotherapeutics. He is currently the chairman of the board of BioLineRx Ltd. and a member of the board of Foamix Pharma Ltd.
Aharon received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Weizmann Institute of Science.
CEO and Managing Partner of NGT3VC. Former CEO and director of Beta-O2 Technologies. Served as CEO of the Technion Entrepreneurial Incubator (TEIC) for 11 years.
Zohar led the establishment and investment in more than 50 companies including Prolor Biotech, Mazor Robotics, ReWalk, Corindus, Regentis and many others.
Ron Laufer M.D. MPH
Co-founder of Lilly Ventures and Senior Managing Director at Medimmune Ventures. Former Board Member of Adheron, CGI Therapeutics, G1 Therapeutics, and Remon Medical. Adjunct Professor at Kelley School of Business, Indiana University.
Ron received his M.D. and M.P.H. from the Hebrew University and his MBA from Harvard Business School.
Nili Weitzman Adv. , LLM
Chief Legal Officer at the Technion R&D Foundation for over 15 years. Specializing in intellectual property laws, leading technology transfer agreements and startups based on Technion technologies and inventions.
Nili serves as a director in the board of directors of many Technion related companies for many years.
Stanley Hirsch Ph.D.
CEO FuturaGene. Formerly: Chairman – Foamix, Chairman-OWC Pharma; Director- Biological Industries, SolGel Technologies. | <urn:uuid:a0678c98-3a48-4223-a308-7f9b1c7bb03d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barcode-nano.com/team | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.890584 | 1,143 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Underwater welding is welding underwater at elevated pressures. It is also known as hyperbaric welding. There are two categories: dry welding, and wet welding. In dry welding, you weld in a dry environment by placing a hyperbaric chamber.
In wet welding, you weld in a wet environment. Marine vessel repair and maintenance use underwater welding. Pipeline repairs also use it.
The Life Expectancy of Underwater Welders
You might be wondering about the life expectancy of underwater welders? Due to the high risks associated with the job, the life expectancy of underwater welders is relatively short. Previous studies have found that the average age of an underwater welder is 35 to 40 years old.
This age may seem low compared to the general human life expectancy. We attribute it to the high risks involved that cause long term injuries or death.
Here’s the deal: safety is crucial. Always ensure that you have the right protective gear as a welder before you go to work. You should also ensure that your tools and equipment are in good condition.
All these safety measures will help you reduce the risks. You will be able to prevent equipment failure and the risks that come with it. Nothing is ever guaranteed though.
You need to undergo proper training before you undertake any underwater welding jobs. You should get specialized training in welding and diving. It will ensure your safety while welding underwater.
If you are working in deep waters, you need to be more cautious. You are at a higher risk than those working in shallow waters. Seek employment in a company that adheres to safety protocols.
The Life Span & Underwater Welder Death Rate
We estimate the lifespan of underwater welders to be between 10-15 years. We realize that the low life expectancy of underwater welders affects their lifespan.
The death rate in underwater welding is much higher than in other occupations at approximately 15%.
How Many Underwater Welders Die in a Year?
In a year, on average, 12 underwater welders die from long term illnesses or injuries they sustained from welding accidents. This is about 1 in every 300 employees, which is significantly higher than the national average. There are many hazards in underwater welding that can lead to death including suffocation, decompression sickness and the bends.
Why Do Underwater Welders Die?
The high fatality rate in underwater welding jobs affects their life expectancy. As a welder, you are prone to injuries or death. The list below contains some of the causes of death for underwater welders.
- Electrocution: Underwater welding requires you to work underwater with electricity and flame. You may suffer accidents like burns and electric shock.
- Drowning also causes death among underwater welders. If your equipment fails, it can cause you to drown. A differential in pressure can also make you drown.
- Explosions can also cause death. If hydrogen and oxygen combine, they create gas pockets. Ignition of these gas pockets will cause an explosion and lead to death or severe injuries. If you store fuel in offshore oil rigs and marine vessels, it can also cause explosions.
- Hypothermia; Long exposure of your body to the cold underwater temperatures will cause hypothermia. It will then lead to organ failure.
- Delta P: It is the difference between the pressure exerted by a fluid at one depth and that of another.
Underwater welding exposes you to cognitive and musculoskeletal effects. Prolonged exposure to harmful gases causes it. Avoid working in places with limited space for long periods. It is also a cause of decompression sickness that also causes death among the underwater welders. An increase in the pressure of breathing gases causes it. Do not expose yourself to harmful gases for long; it is fatal.
Here is the guide of plasma cutter review!
Environmental risks can also cause death to underwater welders. Dangerous marine wildlife like sharks and piranhas can attack and cause severe injuries. Low visibility underwater also jeopardizes your safety.
The Future of Underwater Welding
With research and development, underwater welding can be improved. Automation of processes will also help to enhance underwater welding.
The development of safer welding techniques will make the job more efficient and safe. It will also reduce deaths and injuries. A low death rate will improve the life expectancy of underwater welders.
Are Underwater Welders Happy?
Most people consider underwater welding as a dangerous profession. Want to know the best part? It is a rewarding and satisfying occupation. With the proper training, you can make much money as an underwater welder.
Underwater welding also requires you to travel around the world to work. The health implications involved will not allow you to have a long-term career. But here’s the kicker: you can earn a lot of money in a short period.
In case you are considering a career as an underwater welder. The points outlined above should help you. However, there are high risks involved. Observing safety precautions will ensure that you are safe. As technology advances, so will safer techniques of underwater welding. (Read more about welding vs electrician).
In conclusion, underwater welding is a growing industry with good wages. This job has the potential to be dangerous, but it can be rewarding through safety training and precautions.
To become an underwater welder, you need to have the proper training. Safety precautions are also necessary for this type of work.
Plasma Cutter Projects – Earn $15k+ in Less Than 15 Days
Are you plasma cutter expert? Want to earn more money with your plasma cutter. Read this article for 12 best plasma cutter projects to make money quickly... | <urn:uuid:59d5f520-57ec-4bc9-ad98-d3ec1fbf55ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fixitmanblog.com/underwater-welding-life-expectancy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940295 | 1,165 | 3.328125 | 3 |
There’s a new style of teaching in town
Newsweek has reported that Reggio Emilia schools are among the best in the world and the method is gradually being adopted by some of the most innovative pre-school and primary schools around the world.
Keren explains why her award-winning nursery chain Keren’s Nursery, has firmly embedded the innovative child-focused Reggio Emilia approach to education.
“This style of teaching has been around since the 1940’s and it’s had incredible success. Children at Reggio Emilia schools are more robust, resilient, and curious, full of wonder at the world around them, brimming with confidence at their place within it.
Reggio Emilia children have such an incredible sense of mental wellbeing and self-assurance. Now, of all times, these attributes have rarely been so important for children.
Started in Reggio Emilia, Italy after World War II, parents believed there was a better way of teaching their children. They developed a program emphasising respect, responsibility, and community involvement. Children are encouraged to explore and discover in a supportive and stimulating environment. The curriculum is created around children’s instinctive interests.
At Keren’s this fits really well with the core principles of the EYFS. Rather than being a strict curriculum, Reggio Emilia is a philosophy guiding teachers’ approach to education with three core principles: the child, the environment, and the teacher.
Broadly speaking, it’s a student-centred curriculum that uses self-directed, experiential learning in relationship-driven environments. So what does this mean in reality?
Much of the teaching at Reggio Emilia schools and pre-schools takes place in the form of projects. Children have opportunities to explore, observe, theorise, question, and discuss to clarify their understanding.
At Keren’s Nurseries, Forest School is already core to the curriculum. Children are encouraged to plan, explore, and learn by discovery, whether it’s out on Hampstead Heath or in the private garden squares of Holland Park. They embark on Tikun Olam projects like litter picking to care for their neighbourhoods, they grow herbs, fruit, and vegetables, and are given the autonomy to share ideas and learn for themselves.
At the heart of the philosophy is the belief that children form their own personality during the early years of development, and that’s why Keren has so much respect for the system. The aim of the approach is to teach children how to use creative skills in everyday life; think painting, sculpting and drama and role play, as well as gardening and cooking – anything creative, in fact.
Next academic year, the chain will integrate “ateliers” in every classroom. These creative hubs will encourage arts, and support creativity and imagination. Every member of staff will be given training accordingly.
In the Reggio style, the teacher is a co-learner and collaborator rather than a passive instructor. They are encouraged to enable learning by planning activities and lessons based on the child’s interests, asking questions to advance understanding, and actively engaging in the activities alongside the child “as partner to the child, the teacher is inside the learning situation” It’s a very interactive way of teaching, and educators love it.
Often overlooked in nurseries and preschool is the physical space, referred to in Reggio Emilia as the “third teacher.” At Keren’s Nurseries, there’s already a well-planned focus on outdoor and indoor space in equal measure. Gardens have an inviting quality and children are free to discover and learn through the world around them. Inside, rooms are regularly redecorated according to the time of year, keeping children stimulated and engaged in their learning and development.
“At a time when mental wellbeing is key, even for pre-schoolers, we’re really excited to be enhancing our Reggio Emilia program with the introduction of ateliers in every room.”
For more information or to book a virtual tour, visit www.kerensnursery.com/virtual-tours
This article first appeared in The Jewish Chronicle on August 21st, 2020. | <urn:uuid:bdb5ecc5-3721-4597-9d0f-d6f8d26f2ca8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kerensnursery.com/the-past-few-months-have-taught-us-as-educators-to-be-more-innovative-than-ever-but-where-do-we-go-from-here/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95975 | 898 | 2.5 | 2 |
Welcome To The Heraldic Shoppe
Hello and thanks for visiting our online shoppe. For 18 years, we have taken pride in providing, thus preserving, the ancient tradition of Family Coats of Arms & Family Name Histories at very competitive prices. With careful and meticulous attention to detail, our professional team of family history researchers who started in 1971, continue to build our database with authentic quality research, making us the leading suppliers of heraldry not only in Australia, but all over the world.
Please feel free to have a quick search for your name. If your name has a very unusual spelling, or does come up on an initial search, or you have any other questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us and hopefully we can help you out.
Call Danny or Lela on 0402 988 048
Surname Name Search
Order now for Christmas for the perfect Family Gift.
What are the Coats of arms?
Basically originated in the middle ages for the purpose of identification of an individual or family. Throughout the ages, wars, conquests and economic conditions have caused countries boundaries, names, and languages to be changed, sometimes dramatically, for centuries.
A Coat of Arms remains the same and represents the identity of the bearer. The colours (tinctures) and heraldic symbols (charges & ordinaries) on the Coat of Arms have real meaning and is the visual representative of the family name it represents. These colours and symbols used in a Coat of Arms were chosen and designated to show a person’s allegiance & status.
From the crusades, Coats of Arms were the identifying symbol of a person, a family, group, clan(Scottish) or sept (Irish) and helped distinguish friend from foe and to act as a rallying symbol. (like the Scottish Clan badge).
A Coat of Arms was unique to an individual in a country (no two families share the same Coat of Arms in any same country) and was easily recognised by all as so few were able to read. The “Visitation of the Heralds” every 35 years or so ensured this, as they checked that no two were the same and no arms were bearing honours or “girdles” that were not awarded to them.
Many different or “sub-branch” coat of arms may also have evolved as families splintered, changed location or passed them to rightful heirs of those particular arms. That is why we often see marks of “cadency” ie: the crescent, which represents a second son.
Here at The Heraldic Shoppe, our team of professional researches, since 1971, have carefully searched out and we use the earliest (senior branch) Coat of Arms associated with that family, as we do the earliest written record of the family name found. | <urn:uuid:58d04073-932a-430a-abe4-660d15d04bc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://coatsofarms.com.au/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958282 | 593 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Steamboat snowpack looks healthy at 132 percent of average as winter digs in
STEAMBOAT SPRINGS — With a good amount of early season snowfall, the Colorado snowpack, including the snowpack around Steamboat Springs, is looking strong after a summer plagued by drought.
They Yampa and White River Basin watershed had a snowpack that was 132 percent of average Friday.
The Tower snow measuring station at 10,500 feet on Buffalo Pass measured a snow depth of 52 inches with the equivalent of 14.8 inches of water.
• Find the latest forecast and recent weather stories here.
• View Steamboat webcams here.
• Find information from the National Weather Service, including storm warnings and advisories at wrh.noaa.gov
• The Colorado Department of Transportation provides road conditions, closures and traffic cameras at cotrip.org.
• For travel information by phone, call 511 (in Colorado) or dial 303-639-1111.
• Find information about avalanche danger and conditions from the Colorado Avalanche Information Center.
• For flight information, visit flightview.com/traveltools.
Colorado meteorologist and ski enthusiast Joel Gratz, who runs the website OpenSnow.com, has been monitoring the snowpack across the state.
He noted the average snowpack for the four zones in Colorado can be misleading because snow amounts can vary immensely within the zones and at various ski areas.
The average for Colorado’s southern zones are 15 to 20 percent below average, but specific snow-measuring sites provide a different picture. For example, snow-measuring sites near Silverton and Telluride ski resorts in southern Colorado showed snowpacks at 102 percent of average.
“There is significant variation in the snowpack within each region, and looking at the details of some southern mountains, areas show that snowpack is much closer to the average than the simple basin-wide graphic suggests,” Gratz wrote.
As of Friday morning, with three inches of new snow in the past 24-hour period, Steamboat Resort had received 79 inches of snow this season. There are now 147 trails open served by 13 lifts.
Mike Weissbluth, a meteorologist based in Steamboat who runs the website SnowAlarm.com, was calling for some possible light snow showers this weekend.
“The moisture is forecast to be mostly gone by Sunday for a nice day before a transient ridge moves over the West early in the workweek, bringing the sunniest day on Monday with notable higher-elevation warming,” Weissbluth wrote.
High temperatures for the weekend were expected to be in the mid-30s.
A weather system approaching the West Coast brings an uncertain forecast in terms of snow for the Steamboat area because the storm is expected to split.
“It is not clear how much energy is partitioned into the northern and southern ends of the split, but some amount of energy will cross northern Colorado starting around Tuesday afternoon and lasting through Tuesday night,” Weissbluth said.
A more promising storm when it comes to snowfall is expected to arrive Wednesday or Thursday.
“Drier and eventually warmer weather is currently forecast heading into the following weekend,” Weissbluth said.
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User Legend: Moderator Trusted User | <urn:uuid:ef4e9579-c593-44f3-95b9-cda17351c4e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.skyhinews.com/news/steamboat-snowpack-looks-healthy-at-132-percent-of-average-as-winter-digs-in/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930915 | 798 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Sudoku - Numbers-based Game
Sudoku is a numbers-based game. The rules are simple -- players attempt to fill in a nine-by-nine grid before going completely insane. Not surprisingly, these brainteasers owe their existence to a mathematician.
Leonhard Euler is widely acknolwedged as the father of Sudoku. In 1793, Euler invented "Latin Squares," the precursor to today's modern Sudoku puzzles. As far as mathematicians go, Euler was pretty famous in his day. According to about.com, the "Swiss genius dominated 18th-century mathematics."
The name Sudoku didn't come until much later (1984, to be exact). According to the London Observer, a Japanese publisher made a few logistical improvements to the game and then dubbed it "Sudoku." In Japanese, "Su means a number and doku roughly translates as singular or unique," says the Observer.
These days, you can find Sudoku games all over the Web. | <urn:uuid:65d438c8-20e3-4b3d-a817-3ef96a7ae839> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hiox.org/2999-sudoku-numbers-based-game.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968312 | 228 | 3.140625 | 3 |
India is the second largest fishery industry in the world after China, contributing to 5.43% of global fish production. India is also a major aquaculture industry . Fisheries being one of the promising sectors of agriculture and allied activities in India, a growth target rate of 6 per cent was fixed by the Union Government.
The ‘fisheries and aquaculture sector’ is recognized as the sunshine sector in Indian agriculture. It drives growth in a number of subsidiary sector and is the source of livelihood for a large section of economically backward population, especially fishermen, of the country. It helps in increasing food supply, generating adequate employment opportunities and raising nutritional level. It has a huge export potential and is a big source of foreign exchange earnings for the country
But, there are several challenges and issues facing the fisheries development in the country, such as, accurate data on assessment of fishery resources and their potential in terms of fish production; development of sustainable technologies for fin and shell fish culture; yield optimisation; harvest and post-harvest operations like cold storage facilities; landing and berthing facilities for fishing vessels and welfare of fishermen; etc.
Foreign equity is permitted in fish processing sector. Fish processing projects with a minimum of 20 per cent value addition can be set up as 100 per cent Export Oriented Units. All items can be exported freely except for silver pomfrets of weight less than 300 grams. MPEDA is the authority which regulates the export of fisheries, which is based in Kochi.
TN government is planning to set up a tuna fishing harbour north of Chennai near Thiruvottiyur in Tamil Nadu. The ...Read More
Kerala Shipping and Inland Navigation Corporation (KSINC) has tied up with U.S. firm EMCC International India Pvt Ltd to set ...Read More
Gujarat government through its Commissionerate of Fisheries is planning to develop a fishery port in Navabandar in Gir Somnath district ...Read More
Union government is providing financial assistance given to states during the last three years for improving fishing infrastructure and strengthening ...Read More
Department of Fisheries, Tamil Nadu is planning to develop an integrated fishing harbour at Thengapattinam in Kanniyakumari district of Tamil ...Read More
Indian government is set to levy 5% GST on fish food from October 2019. The move which was exempted from ...Read More
List of All Companies Operating in Fishery Sector in India
Company Name: Acewin Agriteck Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office Unit # 1, 4th Floor, Pinnacle, Ascendas International Tech ...Read More
Company Name: Amar Sagar Sea Foods Pvt Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office Survey No.29, Jawar Naka, Porbandar City: ...Read More
Company Name: Apex Frozen Foods OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office 3-160, Panasapadu, Kakinada, City: Kakinada 533005 East Godavari Andhra ...Read More
Company Name: Arya Sea Foods Pvt Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office D No. 9-14-10, 1st Floor, VIP Road ...Read More
Company Name: Avanti Feeds Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office G-2, Concorde Apartments, 6-3-658, Somajiguda, City: Hyderabad 500082 Rangareddy ...Read More
Company Name: Baby Marine Ventures OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office 6th Floor, Compass Commercial Complex, Chakkaraparambu, Vytilla – Palarivattom ...Read More
Company Name: Blue Park Sea Foods Pvt Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office 5-85, Kurmadalli Pamaruu Mandal City: Kurumaddali ...Read More
Company Name: BMR Industries Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office S-10, C Block, Second Floor, TNHB Complex, 4/180, Luz ...Read More
Company Name: Britto Seafood Exports Pvt Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office C-1 Part, SIPCOT Industrial Complex City: Tuticorn ...Read More
Company Name: Cap Seafoods Pvt Ltd OldName: Group : Address: Corp Office 1/71, Vypeen Island, Azheekal, Opp St Jacob Church ...Read More | <urn:uuid:e35f9c50-37a8-4e75-9bf0-dc091e82b863> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://food.industry-report.net/fisheries-sector-in-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891855 | 922 | 2.484375 | 2 |
I stared into the horizon with baited breath; in front of me, the St Lawrence River was a sea of calm.
It had been spitting a little, and the ensuing mist had obscured the banks. Although in truth, at this spot – just off the shores of Tadoussac in Quebec – you’d be hard pressed to see from bank to bank anyway, so wide was the St Lawrence.
The location is important, because it’s at this spot that the river bed drops from around 50m to 250m, and where the freshwater from Lake Ontario meets the salty seawater from the Atlantic. Flowing into this mix is the icy Saguenay River. | <urn:uuid:19f6ba8c-f8af-47b1-9ec2-30a683264c2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qinxie.co.uk/publication/online/metro-co-uk/magic-on-the-st-lawrence-river-go-whale-watching-in-quebec-it-will-leave-you-in-awe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975756 | 140 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Lawrence Bacow has a new vision for Harvard University and it will take him all the way to . . . Michigan.
Bacow, who becomes the Ivy League institution’s 29th president this month, is out to shed Harvard’s image as a Northeast enclave for the country’s elite, in the age of President Trump’s muscular populism.
In a bid to win over middle America, Bacow is venturing into Trump country and plans to visit Pontiac, Mich., a once-thriving automobile city that has fallen on hard times. Bacow, who grew up in Pontiac, plans to announce that Harvard will collaborate with schools and other institutions in that community.
“The world has changed,” Bacow said. “We are well-represented already along the coasts. I’m not sure people in the part of the country where I grew up appreciate as much what institutions like this contribute to their welfare as well.”
In an interview last week, Bacow promised to be an outspoken advocate for higher education, willing to engage a presidential administration increasingly hostile to academia, and a US public increasingly skeptical about its value.
Bacow will be uniquely positioned to do so as the leader of one of the nation’s richest and most influential universities, with a bullhorn to address the pressing challenges facing all of higher education.
And there are many: from declining public funding for research and rising operating costs to federal immigration policies that limit access to talent from around the globe.
“I don’t think I can afford to sit on the sidelines,” Bacow said. “I think the issues that we confront as a nation are too important just to be focused on Harvard alone at this point.”
Bacow, 66, replaces Drew Faust, who stepped down as Harvard’s first female leader after 11 years on the job.
Faust was more focused on guiding Harvard through the turbulent economic times after the recession and breaking down departmental silos at Harvard. In the past year, she became a more vocal advocate on national issues, such as extending protections to children whose parents brought them to the United States illegally.
But higher education needs a champion right now, said Stephen Joel Trachtenberg, who was president of George Washington University from 1988 to 2007.
In some ways, the president of Harvard is the leader of all American higher education because people listen and emulate the example, he said.
“It’s the gold standard, it’s the Cadillac,” Trachtenberg said. “The president of Harvard has a platform that, if he or she choose to use it, can be helpful for making the case for education writ large, and God knows we need that right now.”
Harvard and other colleges and universities are feeling lashed by political and economics gusts, from Republican-backed taxes on their endowments (which will cost Harvard about $40 million annually) to suspicions that a degree costs too much and campuses are too liberal.
Meanwhile, many small private colleges are struggling to remain open. Public universities also saw their second straight year of declining revenue growth, with expenses increasing at a faster pace than revenue for the first time since 2014.
“The fact that we’re taxing institutions of higher education instead of supporting them indicates that the world has changed,” Bacow said. “Part of what I want to do is to help students throughout the country understand that they have a chance to improve their lives, to improve the country actually, by continuing to invest in themselves. Kids improve their lives by going to college.”
Bacow, whose expertise is in environmental law and negotiation, has spent most of his career in the Boston area. He was president of Tufts University, a chancellor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and most recently a member of Harvard’s governing board.
He understands the hurdles facing colleges and universities, including public institutions that have seen reductions in taxpayer funding, said Pam Eddinger, president of Bunker Hill Community College.
Since leaving Tufts in 2011, he has crisscrossed the country speaking about higher education, meeting with college presidents and writing about issues such as the use of technology in teaching.
More than a year ago, Bacow spoke to a class at Bunker Hill and then had coffee with Eddinger to talk about education. It was a rare move from a former president of a large university, Eddinger said.
Research universities such as Harvard can be a resource for community colleges, and Eddinger said she hopes that Bacow will be open to collaborations.
Bacow, she said, understands that there is a place for community colleges that work with rural communities and new immigrants to prepare them for the workforce, public research universities, and private colleges.
“What I realized was how keen his understanding was about the diversity of schools, and that we’re all somehow connected,” Eddinger said.
Only a small percentage of students are going to attend Harvard, but in a knowledge-based economy, many Americans can benefit from a college education, Bacow said.
He has already reached out to area universities including MIT and Boston University to work on collaborative research at Harvard’s new campus in Allston, Bacow said.
He hopes Harvard will also develop deeper connections with more institutions nationwide.
Yet he also sees places where Harvard itself can improve, particularly by lowering expenses and using technology to replace labor costs. Harvard, for example, can help free up faculty and staff by using data and technology to advise students on their class choices and monitor their grades.
“We can’t just continue to solve this problem of affordability by raising more money for financial aid,” he said. “We have to look for ways to be more efficient so we do a better job of controlling the cost side.”
Bacow said he hopes Harvard can learn from and reach out to other universities that are using technology in novel and effective ways.
Part of his outreach will also extend to academics and people across the ideological spectrum, Bacow said, in part because free-speech controversies have roiled US college campuses in recent years, with provocative speakers sparking protests and, on a few occasions, violence.
Last year, Harvard’s Kennedy School rescinded its fellowship invitation to WikiLeaks whistle-blower Chelsea Manning after conservatives and federal intelligence officials objected. The school also angered liberals by offering fellowships to former Trump administration officials.
Bacow welcomes the debate that comes with inviting controversial speakers.
“I am under no illusion that we’re not going to have difficult times,” Bacow said. “But that doesn’t mean we should shy away from bringing people to campus who will engage people in healthy debate. . . . We’re a microcosm of the world we live in. I don’t believe in putting students in a cocoon and insulating them or isolating them.”
Still, as focused as Bacow might be on the big picture, campus controversies are just as likely to consume his attention as president.
In his interview last week, Bacow declined to weigh in on Harvard’s decision this year to bar students who participate in single-gender clubs from taking on leadership positions and qualifying for prestigious fellowships.
And in the face of a pending affirmative-action lawsuit that could change the way colleges use race in admissions decisions, Bacow defended Harvard’s process for choosing student applicants. The suit alleges that the college discriminates against Asian-Americans, in part by scoring students on likability and other personal traits.
“I’m very comfortable with where we’re at,” Bacow said of the admissions process. “We’ll see how things play out in the court.”
Students should not be judged on test scores alone, he said. “There’s more than one dimension to excellence; none of us want to be judged exclusively by our numbers.”
Harry Lewis, a longtime computer science professor at Harvard and former dean of the undergraduate college, said Bacow’s message is important for the country regardless of who is in political power. Higher education as an industry has alienated people through acts of arrogance and superiority since before the 2016 election, said Lewis.
“If we can leave the politics out of it, it’s a great message,” he said.
Bacow’s philosophy on Harvard’s place in US higher education harks back to earlier leaders of the institution in the late 19th and early 20th century, said Andrew Schlesinger, a former journalist and Harvard graduate who in 2005 wrote “Veritas: Harvard College and the American Experience.”
“In the old days . . . these figures were national figures, they were leaders in the education business, they had a national voice, and it seems like that national voice has been diminished over the years,” said Schlesinger, who lives in Cambridge and is the son of renowned presidential biographer Arthur Schlesinger Jr.
Harvard has turned more inward over the last four decades, but Bacow’s approach could serve the country well, he said.
“If he can raise the profile of Harvard as a leader in democratizing our education system, then that will be a real plus,” he said. | <urn:uuid:da9f93d0-83bb-4b47-a7de-03c95885ca89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/06/30/bacow-promises-more-outward-looking-harvard/775WSyrNerKqGh8B06TM2O/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96472 | 1,982 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Are you holding onto toxins?
Making our way through this toxic world can be difficult. The safety and labeling laws in our country are too relaxed and we must become educated consumers.
You may hold onto toxins longer than average if you have:
• A diet high in sugar
• A diet low in protein
• A heavy metal presence
You can control your diet and supplement where needed. We all feel better when we eat less sugar or foods that convert to sugar (breads and carbohydrates in general). To avoid a heavy metal presence, make sure that any new dentistry is metal-free whenever possible to decrease your risk of holding onto toxins.
Muscle testing is a great way to determine if the foods or substances you are considering for your body are compatible with you. At Incredible Smiles, we offer muscle testing and use materials that are biocompatible for most people. If in doubt – muscle test! | <urn:uuid:18e5211d-fcc6-4d2c-acdf-aeb28b619958> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://incrediblesmiles.com/are-you-holding-toxins/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91022 | 187 | 1.914063 | 2 |
The first Labradors arrived in England from Newfoundland aboard fishing boats early in the 19th century, and imports to this country began in the early 1900s. The breed also competes well in obedience, agility and tracking. The Sheltie generally resembles a Collie in miniature.? Can you guess which fair-haired breed has never won?? If you guessed the Golden Retreiver, you?re right! The Golden Retriever was developed in Scotland and England in the late 19th century for the purpose of retrieving wildfowl on land and water. Not far behind in rank, the?next breed that?s never won the big prize is the 5th most popular breed in America and a favorite ?family dog. And, finally, which breed has won Best in Show more often than any other? If you guessed the Wire Fox Terrier, good job! You?re right! Best in Show has been won by the Terrier Group 47 out of the 109?times that the prize has been awarded since 1907, more than twice as many wins as any other group. A versatile hunter, he has the instincts and intelligence to excel in conformation, earthdog, obedience, agility and tracking events. Who is it?? Did you guess the Miniature Schnauzer? You?re right! The Miniature Schnauzer, cousin to the larger Standard Schnauzer, did not originate in England as many of the terriers, but in Germany. This next dog is often mistaken for a Collie due to its similar appearance, but is much smaller ? and more popular as a family pet. For the first time since its inception, the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show will be held outside of NYC at Lyndhurst, a property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, in Tarrytown, New York on Saturday, June 12 and Sunday, June 13, 2021, with?. This royal Toy dog became extinct in China following the revolution of 1949 but fortunately, a number of Shih Tzu had been taken home by diplomats so the breed was continued in England, Norway and Sweden.1050 SHARES With thousands of prized pups from around the nation competing for Best in Show in just a few days, The Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show has yet to award these favorite breeds with the top prize. His deepest need is to live as part of the family, going where they go and doing what they do. With his long, low body, prominent forechest and front legs designed for digging, the Dachshund is well equipped for going underground to hunt badger and other den-dwelling animals. Can you guess who it is?? If you guessed the Chihuahua, you were right! There is much disagreement as to the origins of the Chihuahua. Who is it? If you said Shetland Sheepdog, you?re right! The Sheltie originated in the Shetland Islands, developing there and on the British mainland as a popular, affectionate companion, guardian and farm dog. The origin of the Wire Fox Terrier dates back to the rough-coated black and tan terrier. The Sheltie is exceptionally trainable and responsive, characteristics which make him an ideal companion and an outstanding worker in obedience and agility. While intimidating in size and stature, this is a breed noted for its gentleness and ?human-like? compassion. . Early pedigrees show that wire and smooth varieties were interbred until they became separate breeds in 1985. While the Golden is an ideal family dog, it requires training and exercise. An unconditional love for their human family, smart appearance, alert and outgoing manner always attracts attention, in and out of the show ring. Its impressive size, family devotion and gentle nature combine to create a first-rate companion. In 144 years of competing, these 8 breeds, all ranking in the Top 20 of America?s favorite, most popular dogs, have never won Westminster. Up next, this miniature version of his much larger cousin has never taken the top prize, despite being a fan favorite every year. Up next, the most popular of all the ?little dogs,? and, subsequently, the second most popular breed of dog found in shelters across the country, these little dogs are BIG in personality, but have never taken the top prize at Westminster. ? This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Up first, America?s most favorite breed, the Labrador Retriever! The Labrador is a retrieving gun dog of medium size, with a dense, weather-resistant coat, an ?otter? tail, and a clean-cut head with a ?kind? expression. His most outstanding characteristic is his unique temperament. Another favorite among pet parents, this long, short breed hasn?t had his time in the spotlight just yet? which breed is it?? If you guessed the Dachshund, you?re right! The Dachshund, developed in Germany three centuries ago, is a perfect example of form following function. The Great Dane was developed in Germany to hunt wild boar, and was known as the Boar Hound when it appeared in America late in the 19th century. Due to the ever-changing government restrictions, a move to a springtime, outdoor dog show was necessary to uphold Westminster?s commitment to the health and safety of everyone who attends our show. Now in its 145th year, the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show has been dubbed ?America?s Dog Show. There are two varieties, Long and Smooth Coat. Can you guess the name of this ?great? big dog?? If you said the Great Dane, you were right! The Dane is a true giant among breeds descending from the Mastiff. In 1877, a group of sporting gentlemen gathered in a Manhattan bar and formed the Westminster Kennel Club. Clever, gigantic in heart and personality, this no more than six pound companion is much beloved by owners. They make excellent family dogs. Labradors can be found in guide and assistance dog programs, and substance detection and search and rescue work. Since 1877, the Westminster Kennel Club has held an annual benched all-breed dog show in New York City. A non-shedding, hard broken outer coat and softer undercoat distinguishes the wire from its smooth cousin. Permissible conformation colors are brindle, blue, black, fawn, harlequin and mantle. He makes an excellent companion because he is obedient, quick to learn, devoted to his owner, spunky and fearless. Guesses include Mexico and the Aztecs, Egypt, the Sudan and Malta. He has an intense desire to please and an enormous capacity for love and affection. Labrador temperament is outgoing, indulgent with peers, human oriented and tractable. Our next popular breed that?s come very close?competing five times in the Best in Show Ring?but never taken the trophy, is an ancient toy breed, known for their gorgeous, long, shiny hair that?s often topped with a bow. It was said that a yellow Chihuahua could guide its owner?s soul across the river of death to the other side. Can you name this imperial favorite?? If you guessed the Shih Tzu, you?re right! The Shih Tzu, according to tradition, was developed in China?s Imperial courts by the crossing of ancient Chinese and Tibetan breeds.? But, with prized pups from around the nation coming to Madison Square Garden to compete for Best in Show, ?America?s Dog Show? has yet to award some of America?s favorite breeds with the top prize. Persons wanting to purchase a Golden Retriever puppy should learn about this breed and purchase only from a reputable breeder. In recent years the breed has become enormously popular in the United States as a sturdy, lively, alert Toy dog that is a happy companion. The single breed that has won the most is the Wire Fox Terrier, which has won 16 times. Our next breed, in stark contrast to the Chihuahua and Shih Tzu is one of the largest breeds in existence. He does not shed, but needs to be groomed approximately every six weeks. Its physical characteristics and its willing, adaptable, trainable nature have also fitted it for usefulness in many other endeavors such as service dogs, guide dogs for the blind, therapy dogs and search and rescue. Chihuahuas have been a registered breed in this country for 100 years.S. The three Varieties ? Longhaired, Smooth, and Wirehaired ? compete separately. Shih Tzu in the show ring have a long flowing double coat; family pets look charming in a variety of short-hair clips. He is a small dog but in no way is he delicate. Like many longstanding events, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a change of plans. Since 1992, the Labrador Retriever has headed the list as the most popular breed in the U. The clever, affectionate Dachshund is an entertaining and devoted pet. Which breed will you be cheering for this year? Tell us in a comment! 1050 SHARES Related Items: Recommended for you 12 Comments 12 Comments Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. He comes in three colors: salt and pepper, black and silver, and solid black. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Within each variety the two sizes, miniature and standard, are shown together. Used for sacrifice in religious ceremonies and eaten by the conquistadors, there is no question that it is an ancient breed. His color may be sable (ranging from light golden brown to dark mahogany), black, or blue merle, with varying amounts of white and/or tan0ba258, 177cde, 8d7b5a, dc9366, f1b474, fd7874, Horizontal Bar, forgarden, pet Wheelchair, Home Sit-ups, sitemap
Which of America?s Favorite Breeds Have Never Won at Westminster? | <urn:uuid:295bd570-6939-4b9f-ae43-269d2e36be29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pic2go.mx/which-of-americas-favorite-breeds-have-never-won-O4230.qhtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95957 | 2,071 | 2.421875 | 2 |
So I’ve been thinking a while about the way we identify ourselves. We all use our card of some sort, be it a driver’s license or just an ID or a passport
I want to have a token, an nft or something of that nature, in which I can log in and it identifies me legitimately.
It could maybe also be used as a passport?
Where the “stamp” would get permanently stored on the ID. (Thinking way in to the future now of course).
Could this be done?
The idea of identifications can be done and IOHK already did it with the
Atala PRISM project.
You can click on the link and see everything what IOHK did already. There is also an “simulation game” where you can see the use-cases and test it with an real app on your smart phone.
Cardano also have an deal with the ministry of education in Ethiopia where an identification system will be used. Here is an article from coindesk for that:
Cardano and the Ethiopia deal
Uuuugh, it’s a hard topic.
My suggestion if you really want to know this, then start study the Self Sovereign Identity, DID, KERI and others hard. And after months of exhausting learning, you probably will have some understanding whether your question can be answered or not.
As you cannot have a simple answer for your questions.
Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a term used to describe the digital movement that recognizes an individual should own and control their identity without the intervening administrative authorities. SSI allows people to interact in the digital world...
Est. reading time: 2 minutes
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What Organic Ingredients To Look For In Your Skin Care (And What They Do)
At Love Aly's, we are a big believer in natural, organic skincare. We know of many people who have tried out so many different products over the years, and they have found that nothing beats organic skincare and ingredients for their skin; ours too! It's tough to know where to start when you're looking for an all-natural cream or serum that uses only organic ingredients, though. Here are some of my favourite ingredients and why they work so well!
How To Find Natural, Organic Skincare
When shopping for natural, organic skincare, you want to ensure that the ingredients are organic and that the company has a sustainability mission. Look for organic labelling, which means that all ingredients in the product were grown without pesticides or synthetic fertilisers.
When reading through an ingredient list, avoid products with artificial colours and fragrances (they may contain chemical preservatives). Additionally, be wary of sulphates like sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and parabens like methylparaben and propylparaben—these can irritate sensitive skin types or cause serious damage over time. Phthalates are another common irritant that shows up in many personal care products; they're used to prolong shelf life but may also disrupt hormone function when absorbed into your bloodstream through your skin.
Other Things To Look For In A Product
When deciding what to buy, keep these items in mind:
Cruelty-free. Make sure that the product is not tested on animals. This can be hard for some brands because of the manufacturing process or ingredients used. Still, most companies will have made their stance on animal testing clear on their website or social media (if they aren't already vegan). If you're looking at a local brand and can't find anything online, give them a call! They'll probably be more than happy to tell you whether they've been tested on animals or not. It's important to note that while cruelty-free doesn't always mean vegan (it's possible for certain ingredients like beeswax), it almost always means non-toxic—and definitely better than products containing harmful chemicals!
- Made in Australia means less shipping pollution. Most products sold locally are better than imported ones anyway! You may also notice an increase in price if your product comes from overseas since import fees are involved when bringing goods into Australia which isn't included in its original cost. Another important factor when buying products made in Australia is that you're supporting a local business and the money goes straight back to your community.
Rosehip Seed Oil
Rosehip seed oil is the fruit of a rose plant, and it's rich in vitamins A, B and C. This makes it great for moisturising dry skin. Rosehip seed oil can also help with scars, eczema and even stretch marks! You can use rosehip seed oil on your face to soften fine lines and reduce wrinkles—just be sure to use a carrier oil (like coconut or jojoba) so that it doesn't clog your pores. If you have particularly sensitive skin but still want to try this amazing ingredient out, opt for water-based formulas instead of ones made with alcohol or other chemicals that might irritate those delicate areas more than necessary.
To buy: If you're looking for an organic rose hip product online, try the Skin So Soft Rejuvenating Moisturiser with Tamanu Oil and Vitamin B3. It can give you up to 18 hours of hydration and is perfect for dry, mature, damaged and sensitive skin. It's the perfect cream for skin repair and restoration and is also a great moisturiser for those who are suffering from acne and blemishes.
Pomegranate Seed Oil
What it is: Pomegranate Seed Oil is an emollient and anti-inflammatory ingredient that claims to help with acne, psoriasis, eczema, and rosacea. It's also said to be rich in antioxidants that can protect against free radicals while adding hydration to your skin.
How to use it: Pomegranate Seed Oil can be included in various products such as moisturisers and serums. If you're looking for a product online, you can find Pomegranate Seed Oil in the Miracle Plants Organic Facial Oil Serum. It's great for mature, normal, dry and sensitive skin and helps with skin repair, reducing fine lines and wrinkles, as well as providing skin hydration.
Benefits: This oil has been reported by users as being effective in treating their skin conditions listed above because it prevents moisture loss which helps treat dryness issues associated with each condition (e.g., psoriasis). In addition, people have found that this product has helped keep their skin clear from breakouts caused by bacteria on the skin surface such as acne or rosacea flare-ups when used daily over time!
Safflower Seed Oil
Safflower oil is one of the best organic ingredients for skin care. It's lovely for acne-prone, dry and sensitive skin because it's full of antioxidants, omegas and other nutrients that fight off free radicals that can lead to wrinkles. It's also great for aging skin because it helps skin retain moisture over time. Safflower oil also works well with combination skin types: oily or dry areas can benefit from the nourishment safflower delivers while drier patches are protected from environmental damage by its SPF properties.
White Tea Extract
White tea extract is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which you may be familiar with as green tea. It's a more delicate form of tea than its counterpart and tends to have more antioxidants, meaning that it can help fight free radicals in your skin.
White tea extract has been shown to help prevent sun damage and reduce inflammation (which leads to wrinkles), while green tea extract has not been studied as much in terms of these properties. Additionally, white tea extract contains a higher concentration of catechins than green because it's less processed when it's extracted—the same way black coffee contains more caffeine than its lighter counterpart.
These natural ingredients are good for your skin!
There are lots of reasons to want to use natural ingredients in your skincare products. First, they're better for the environment. Second, they're better for you. Third, they smell good! Natural ingredients are beneficial for your health and well-being in a variety of ways: They can help relieve stress; they boost immunity; they increase energy levels and improve sleep quality; they strengthen nails and hair while nourishing skin with antioxidants (which fight free radicals). Plus there's nothing like washing off toxic chemicals with a nice warm shower after a long day at work!
If you’re looking to try out some new skin care products, then we hope this article has given you some helpful tips on what ingredients to look for. Remember that the most beneficial ingredient is organic because it means it hasn’t been processed or stripped of its nutrients. In addition, other things like being cruelty-free or vegan may be important factors for you when choosing beauty products as well! | <urn:uuid:1ce43a39-9eb4-4bf1-bebf-768ce3f7e62c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lovealys.com.au/blogs/news/what-organic-ingredients-to-look-for-in-your-skin-care-and-what-they-do | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953771 | 1,479 | 1.726563 | 2 |
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