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Shellworks, a biotech startup, is creating truly sustainable and compostable alternatives to plastic packaging, and to prove it can scale its unique plastic waste solution, it just raised $6.2 million in funding.
According to Shellworks, it can create packaging that looks and functions just like plastic but is entirely compostable. It has even created Lippy, the first-ever lipstick packaging that consumers can compost at home.
Its material arsenal includes Vivomer, which it created using microorganisms from marine and soil environments. But the most unique and game-changing part is that, when the packaging's life comes to an end, the microbes consume Vivomer as a food source.
Shellworks has also produced petroleum-free natural dyes and compostable seals.
According to CEO Insiya Jafferjee, the idea is to "build a new standard of packaging" so that companies don't have to compromise on the planet or performance of their products.
The startup has already worked with Bybi Beauty and Liha Beauty. The new funding round was led by LocalGlobe, a London-based venture capital firm.
Find out more about Shellworks and its innovation here. | <urn:uuid:6fe41f8a-9840-4014-ba5b-ebb0ae7f9b39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bettergoods.org/startup-receives-6-2-million-to-solve-plastic-pollution-in-the-beauty-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964724 | 239 | 2.09375 | 2 |
If you’ve read an article about the issues of mining supply chains recently, it probably had ‘cobalt’ in the headline.
And that’s because conflict cobalt is a very real, and very dangerous, problem. We’ve talked about it here before. However, cobalt – and other conflict minerals, like 3TGs – aren’t the only issues of mining supply chains. They are, in fact, the consequence of a large, more prevalent problem.
That problem is poorly tracked supply chains.
The Most Visible Problem: Sourcing
If you’re a consumer, you might be thinking: why aren’t companies doing more? Why do we still have problems with traceability in mining?
Tracking supply chains isn’t as simple as it seems. Companies – big or small – face a great deal of public attention when it comes to their sourcing.
Customers want to know where things are being sourced from, the ethics of the workforce, the impact on local communities and the effect on the environment. Companies have similar concerns, but theirs also extend to: is the product of good quality? Is product being lost? Are we obtaining the best value for money?
These concerns are largely products of supply chain opacity.
The sourcing of conflict cobalt and 3TGs are major problems in supply chains because of a lack of transparency. A very simplified version of the mining supply chain looks like this:
Often, however, there are multiple people in between. There might be a trader or trading house who acts as an intermediary between the miner and smelter. Because of the added complexity, many end companies (such as phone, laptop or car manufacturers) might not know where their product came from.
A company knows the process that their product goes through, but most would struggle to name every point. Often, this confusion occurs at the ‘miner’ step. Many companies source from traders, and they cannot verify where, exactly, the product comes from, and whether it was mined in an industrial or artisanal mine. This causes problems with confirming the ethics, sustainability and quality of the product.
How can we solve the opacity problem?
The opacity problem goes further than just conflict minerals.
It spreads to quality, quantity and traceability.
Product may get lost along the way. If the end mineral doesn’t match up to calculations, there’s little ways to pinpoint where the product became incorrect. This is a problem that supply chain transparency would solve.
Additionally – especially with cobalt – companies might source reputable cobalt. However, at some point in the supply chain, it becomes mixed with conflict cobalt. This affects both the ethics of the cobalt and poses the problem of uncertain quality.
We can solve this by having a supply chain strategy that incorporates better tracking, planning and sourcing.
A lot of companies still use outdated supply chain management systems. These might be in the form of traditional databases or paper-based ones. This poses a problem because of:
- More potential for lost documents
- Inefficient organisation
- The necessity of intermediaries who are costly and require trust
So, what’s the better option?
If you read our piece on the digital supply chain, you know that digitalization can solve a lot of these supply chain issues.
Digitalization is the key to better, more secure supply chains. This means Industry 4.0 technologies, like automation, artificial intelligence, machine learning and blockchain.
Blockchain is a large part of this.
Blockchain, instead, offers:
- No necessity for intermediaries
- Permanence, decentralisation, resistance to change and deletion
- Cost-efficiency, especially in the long term
Machine learning and artificial intelligence also make mining processes more efficient. AIs are just as efficient as humans at predicting supply chain management movements and optimising strategies. AI can analyse data and predict future events, securing the supply chain process. It is also particularly useful in ore fragmentation, predictive analysis, and choosing the best location to mine.
Some companies are already using technologies that employ machine learning to predict ETAs for transport along the supply chain and to detect any problems.
Cost efficient, quick and easy
Implementing these technologies is not as complicated, or expensive, as you might think.
The technology will, instead, optimise costs and save time. At Blockhead Technologies, we have developed our platform STAMP, which uses blockchain technology to track supply chains pit-to-port. STAMP is designed to save you time and money that could be better spent elsewhere.
To find out more about STAMP, click here. | <urn:uuid:1755818f-7d32-4562-a4ce-86484443f87e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blockheadtechnologies.com/optimised-mining-supply-chain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944434 | 971 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Last week, EU officials made public a 2015 report, drafted and endorsed by most member states, on the ongoing terror attacks in Israel. To Evelyn Gordon, the document demonstrates why France was so unprepared for terrorism on its own soil:
[The report concluded that] the attacks were due to “the Israeli occupation . . . and a long-standing policy of political, economic, and social marginalization of Palestinians in Jerusalem,” to “deep frustration among Palestinians over the effects of the occupation, and a lack of hope that a negotiated solution can bring it to an end.” This, the report asserted, was “the heart of the matter”; factors like rampant Palestinian incitement and widespread Islamist sentiment, if they were mentioned at all, were evidently dismissed as unimportant.
The report’s first implication is obvious: if Palestinian attacks stem primarily from “the occupation,” there’s no reason to think anything similar could happen in Europe, which isn’t occupying anyone. Consequently, there’s also no need to learn from Israel’s methods of dealing with such attacks. . . .
[H]ad EU diplomats understood the major role played by Palestinian incitement—for instance, the endless Internet memes urging Palestinians to stab, run over, and otherwise kill Jews, complete with detailed instructions on how to do so—they might have realized that similar propaganda put out by Islamic State, urging people to use similar techniques against Westerners, could have a similar effect.
Read more on Evelyn Gordon: http://evelyncgordon.com/a-deadly-eu-blind-spot-on-israel/ | <urn:uuid:1ad6a549-b5fe-425e-bf9f-e0749be0b558> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/israel-zionism/2016/07/obtuseness-about-israel-has-left-europe-defenseless/?print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955337 | 346 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Jacob Landau (1917-2001), printmaker, painter, humanist and teacher was an artist whose works explored the basic themes of human existence and morality with an insight that was both passionate and indignant.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he began as an illustrator, he lived most of his adult life in Roosevelt, New Jersey, a town founded in the 1930s as an agro-industrial cooperative for, primarily, Jewish garment workers from New York City.
Here Landau raised his family, began a distinguished career as Professor at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY, and immersed himself in the town’s thriving artistic community, along with such noted artists as Ben Shahn. The art he created, including ten monumental stained glass windows for Keneseth Israel in Elkins Park, PA, gained him an impressive reputation, with many of his works included in the permanent collections of the world’s finest museums, such as The Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), New York, and the Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, D.C. In addition, Landau received numerous awards and grants, including the National Endowment for the Arts and Ford Foundation, as well as Tamarind and Guggenheim fellowships. His work has been exhibited extensively in Europe, Mexico, South America, and throughout the United States in over 30 one-man and 200 regional and national group shows.
Throughout his lifetime, Landau’s art increasingly addressed the self-inflicted human turmoil of the 20th Century. Growing up during the Great Depression and profoundly affected by the Holocaust, Landau grappled with humanity’s cruelty to each other. Provocative and disturbing, challenging and seductive, his works bear witness to these injustices and attempt to uphold our moral accountability for these actions. | <urn:uuid:8453422a-8b90-441f-aeb0-ed666eab6fb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://everkath.wordpress.com/aboutart/jacob-landau-1917-2001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972609 | 382 | 2.71875 | 3 |
What’s more, our harbinger of joy and happiness–Santa Claus, will do the most in making our lives more innocent.
With Santa comes the message of joy, hope, and merriment. He says to always retain the magic of innocence. Never lose your inner child, and ensure that you incorporate some of that energy into everything you do. Probably everything from his spectacles to his sparkling eyes to his red gown down to his white beard is intended to communicate a message.
Santa Claus’s Gestures Are Full of Messages!
Eyes that sparkle
Santa’s sparkling eyes symbolize a child’s innocence. It spurs us to find that childlike quality hidden deep within us and to incorporate that unique feature into our daily lives. No doubt, loving eyes reveal a genuine concern for life.
It’s Christmas–hurray! Watch Santa wear those beloved spectacles in his quirky manner! The difference tells you he does not follow the set notions of perception or stereotypes. Basically, it means his worldview is broad, and that is beautiful.
Beard with snow-white fur
Santa’s dense, snow-white beard signifies wisdom and how much it is important. It tells of the various ways you could handle situations being a sage. It also proves that the most valuable thing you possess is your purity of heart.
For a fact, nothing is as soothing to behold as those odd, but wonderful snow-like beards. Santa keeps it dense and conveys the message that life is full of joy and bliss– all we need to do is behold it.
For more great articles like this one, please click here. | <urn:uuid:cb877aa9-dfbc-41c9-99d3-b241a42e31b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://santaschristmascorner.com/2022/03/31/dont-let-go-of-the-innocence-and-child-within-says-santa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942713 | 356 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Formerly a successful academic scientist in the fields of animal migration, ageing, and reproduction, author Dr Amanda Niehaus is now known for engaging writing, talks, and workshops that integrate science, literature, and art.
In her creative work, Amanda weaves her experiences in the laboratory and field (e.g. Alaska, Argentina, NT, Queensland, British Columbia) with her understanding of diverse scientific concepts to create fiction and nonfiction that illuminates science in new, empathetic ways. She has presented talks, interviews or panels at numerous literary festivals; bookstore and library events; scientific, writing, and teaching conferences; and run generative workshops on storytelling, effective writing, and the environment.
Amanda is the author of the widely-acclaimed debut novel The Breeding Season, hailed as a ‘masterpiece in 30 compact chapters’ (Ken Haley, Q Weekend) and selected as a best book of 2019 (Glyn Davis, Australian Book Review). She has published widely across international outlets including top science journal Nature. Her short story Breeding Season’(2018, Overland) won the 2017 Victoria University Short Story Prize and her essay Pluripotent (2017, Creative Nonfiction) was nominated for a prestigious Pushcart Prize and anthologised in the 2017 Best Australian Essays.
Amanda’s school sessions integrate strands of the National Science Curriculum (Science Understanding, Science as a Human Endeavour, and Science Inquiry Skills) with those of the National English Curriculum (Language, Literature, and Literacy) to demonstrate the role of literature in communicating science more effectively. Using images, manuscript drafts, and literary excerpts, Amanda shows students where to find artistic inspiration in science and how to use stories from their own lives to more effectively communicate scientific and environmental messages.
Check out Amanda’s radio interview with Sarah Kanofsky on ABC ‘Conversations’ here, where she discusses cancer, motherhood, science, and writing:
Writing for Impact: (for science students/scientists)
Learn how to use storytelling techniques to communicate scientific ideas more effectively in any form. We will break down the components of story, learn to recognise them in the world around us, and generate new material.
Writing the Environment:
We will think about the important stories in our lives—our lived experiences, family histories, folk tales and other stories that have shaped who we are—and then relate these stories to the environment and environmental issues. We will discuss how personal stories can help readers better connect with scientific ideas and environmental principles, prompting change.
Writing Bodies - Part 1:
We will explore aspects of the body, including the evolution of bodily forms, the names of organs, and the regenerative capacity of cells, and discuss how we can use them to frame and prompt new work and improve characterisation. We will generate new material based on textual and sensory prompts.
Writing Bodies - Part 2:
For many of us, our bodies take on different roles over our lives: growth spurts, puberty, reproduction, disability, illness, ageing. We will look at the ways that our bodies mark our lived experiences, via our microbiota, shifts in the expression of our DNA, immunity, and the accumulation of scar tissue, microchimerisms, and latent viruses. We will discuss the metaphorical and physical weight of lived experiences, their portrayal in literature, and experiment with literary and biological prompts to create new work.
Science in the World:
Worldwide, public attitudes toward science are shifting as scientific facts are inundated by and confused with opinions, speculations, and falsehoods. Clearly, scientific evidence alone is not sufficient to incite action on the major scientific issues of our time, including climate change. So how do we encourage people to feel science? We will discuss how fiction can convey truth more powerfully than nonfiction, building empathy with audiences and showing them how diverse human experiences (including their own) fit into the known and unknown world. We will use examples of science-in-fiction to communicate scientific ideas in new ways. | <urn:uuid:6057e0de-fd4f-4c8a-87e1-c0a47cd9f754> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.speakers-ink.com.au/speakers/amanda-niehaus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921309 | 847 | 2.453125 | 2 |
In the decade-plus since Hurricane Katrina, Houston has been debating what it needs to protect itself from a catastrophic weather event. While that conversation has gone on, the city did what most cities do: carried on business as usual, constructing more than 7,000 residential buildings directly in Harris County’s Federal Emergency Management Agency-designated flood plain since 2010.
That kind of construction spree, which was detailed in a prescient investigation by ProPublica and the Texas Tribune last year, is not just head-slapping in hindsight, it actually produces its own greater risks, as it means paving over the kinds of wetlands that can help buffer against extreme flooding events.
But from a financial perspective, there was a logic behind those 7,000 buildings, as each is eligible for subsidized flood protection through the National Flood Insurance Program, that just so happens to be expiring at the end of September, meaning debate over its reauthorization will compete for time with everything else on a packed fall congressional calendar.
“Harvey should be a wake-up call” for deep flood insurance reform, says Rob Moore, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resource Defense Council’s water team. “One of the biggest shortcomings is that the program has always been intended first and foremost to be a rebuilding program.”
While environmental groups, including the Environmental Defense Fund and the National Resources Defense Council, contend that the NFIP encourages irresponsible forms of coastal development, they have odd company in a coalition fighting for the program’s reform – insurance companies and free market groups that just want the government out.
Hurricane Harvey is likely to focus attention on questions the federal government and the American public have in large part worked hard to avoid, because they don’t cut cleanly along ideological or partisan lines. And because they’re not much fun to think about. What does home ownership look like in an age of climate change? When is it OK to rebuild, and when is it time to retreat?
As lawmakers return to Washington early next month to determine the future of the beleaguered agency, there are bigger questions on the table than how to make the NFIP financially solvent. Both sides of the aisle agree that the program is unsustainable as is; FEMA is predicting that the NFIP’s rolls could increase by 130 percent by century’s end. Now — at what might be the worst possible moment to do so — Congress is essentially tasked with deciding who gets to live on the country’s most vulnerable coastlines.
When it was founded in 1968, the NFIP set out to fill a gap left by the private market. Unlike most other kinds of insurance, which protect policyholders against the costs of things like car accidents and medical expenses, the payouts for floods come all at once and in huge numbers, meaning many insurers lack the cash on hand necessary to keep up with an influx of claims. While NFIP policies are underwritten by the federal government, they’re administered by private insurers, who make a percentage of the policies they write. Homeowners in flood plains with federally backed mortgages are required to purchase flood insurance, though anyone can purchase an NFIP policy. For those required to take out policies, failure to pay can result in foreclosure.
Starting with hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, the program has been hit with a barrage of massive payouts that have sunk it deeper and deeper into the red. Flooding in the Midwest compounded that debt in 2008, followed soon after by Hurricane Ike. Sandy tacked on another $8 billion in 2012, and there have been several major flooding events since.
Of course, the NFIP is just one program in a web of agencies dealing with disaster mitigation and response, ranging from FEMA’s emergency relief operations to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which administers block grants to help residential buildings recover from destructive storms. Beyond the fact that its services are relatively difficult for homeowners to access — requiring a special kind of patience for and finesse with navigating layers of bureaucratic red tape — the NFIP’s benefits aren’t immediately recognizable just after a storm hits. Where few question how much FEMA is spending to respond to a storm like Harvey, the fact that the NFIP’s benefits play out quietly and over the longer term makes it easier to point to its debt overhang as an example of funds poorly spent.
The key tension now plaguing the NFIP is that it has always had to balance two often competing goals. “It’s really a conflict between the actuarial tendency of the program and a general desire among policymakers that the prices not be too high,” says Rebecca Elliott, a London School of Economics sociologist who researches the program. Severe Repetitive Loss Properties — those that have been consistently damaged and rebuilt — account for just 1 percent of policies but as much as 30 percent of the funds paid out in claims. Many of the residential properties that carry NFIP policies have also been “grandfathered” in, meaning that policyholders can keep paying existing rates as their flood risk increases.
Among the program’s biggest problems is just how high-risk its ratepayers are. In the case of health care, for instance, insurance operates on the basic principle that healthy policyholders with cheaper coverage should help pay the way for those who are sicker and more expensive. Referencing that system, Elliot says, “Right now we have the sickest people in the pool. The people who require insurance are only the high-risk flood zone. We know that’s not a great recipe for insurance pools.”
Yet whereas most kinds of public assistance in America benefit poor and working-class people, what’s saved the NFIP from outright attacks like the ones visited on Medicaid has been the fact that its beneficiaries also include the 1 percent and their waterfront homes. Consequently, NFIP reauthorization has always tended to be a rare spot of bipartisan alignment in Congress. “Democrats and Republicans both live in floodplains,” Elliot explains. If anything, the splits are regional, with representatives from flood-prone and politically divergent states like New York, Louisiana, and California coming together to keep rates artificially low.
In part because of who the NFIP serves, reform efforts have proven controversial. The last major overhaul of the program was passed into law just before Hurricane Sandy struck New York and New Jersey in 2012. That legislation, Biggert-Waters, sailed through Congress uncontroversially, and would have brought NFIP policies up to market rate on a rapid timeline and eliminated the program’s grandfather clause.
One thing that bill also lifted from Biggert-Waters was a study of how those rate hikes would impact low-income owners. “HFIAA was a recommitment to the idea that the NFIP was now going to be in the business of adjudicating who truly needed support to pay for their flood insurance. Who was getting a good deal but didn’t actually need it? It’s basically a way of introducing means tests to a program that didn’t have it before,” Elliott adds.
The larger balance of forces surrounding flood insurance reform might be among the most novel that American politics has to offer. Pushing against an overhaul are major developers and real estate interests, like the National Realtors Association. One of the biggest voices pushing for it has been a coalition called Smarter Safer, an active proponent for Biggert-Waters that encompasses everyone from big environmental groups to insurance companies to conservative free market think tanks. For different reasons, all of them want to see rates that are more actuarially sound and less heavily subsidized by taxpayers.
“We’re concerned about the cost to taxpayers,” says Steve Ellis, vice president of the group Taxpayers for Common Sense, who’s worked on multiple rounds of NFIP reauthorization. He says that for many, Biggert-Waters was “too much too fast,” as well as a case of bad timing. Ultimately, though, he hopes the reforms it outlined come to pass. “We want to see a program that charges closer to risk-based rates and sheds as much of the risk off the program and into the private sector,” with the private sector playing an increasingly large role in underwriting policies. Eventually, Ellis hopes the NFIP will become a flood insurer of last resort.
Other Smarter Safer members are more gung-ho. Groups, like the Heartland Institute spinoff R Street, a free market think tank, see the current structure of the NFIP as an expensive entitlement and want to get the government out of the flood insurance business entirely. Among the other voices calling on the federal government to shoulder less of the cost is current FEMA Administrator Brock Long, who said just before Harvey made landfall that he doesn’t “think the taxpayer should reward risk going forward.”
How exactly Harvey will impact the NFIP’s reauthorization remains to be seen, though even before the storm the chances for wholesale overhaul were slim. Two fledgling proposals in the Senate — one from Sens. Bill Cassidy, R-La., Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., and Shelley Moore Capito, R-W.Va., and another from Sen. Bob Menendez, D-N.J., with several co-sponsors — would each extend the reauthorization beyond five years, as well as increase oversight over the private insurers who write FEMA-backed claims. If passed, the Cassidy-Gillibrand bill would “[remove] barriers to privatization,” according to draft language, by allowing the companies that currently administer to policies to start underwriting them as well. Another proposal, passed through the House Financial Services Committee and praised by Smarter Safer, would also see the private sector play a larger role.
While few people are opposed outright to giving the private sector a bigger role to play, experts are leery of viewing privatization as a solution to what ails the NFIP. For one, private insurers’ involvement thus far has been hugely problematic. A report released last year by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman accused FEMA-contracted policy writers of widespread fraud, noting that a “lack of transparency and accountability can and does lead to inflated costs for services.” An earlier investigation by NPR found that private insurers made $400 million in Sandy’s aftermath, and that nearly a third of all NFIP funds spent between 2011 and 2014 went directly to private insurers instead of to homeowners. The more structural danger of privatization is that insurance companies could simply skim off the most profitable rates, leaving the NFIP to pick up the most costly policies. In health care terms, then, privatization could render an already sick pool even sicker.
The even bigger policy question is whether higher and more competitive rates will actually incentivize fewer people to live along high-risk coastlines, or just leave the shore open only to those wealthy homeowners and developers who can afford higher rates and round after round of rebuilding. President Donald Trump also repealed an Obama-era mandate for flood-prone construction, so there’s no guarantee that new shorefront structures will be able to withstand future damage. The result of higher rates, Elliot predicts, “is the socioeconomic transformation along with the physical transformation of the coastlines.”
Of course, the elephant wading through the flood is the fact that there are now millions of people living in areas that shouldn’t be inhabited at all, no matter the cost. “There’s the uncertainty of living at risk,” Elliot says, “and there’s the uncertainty of what it means to stay in your community when in the near to medium term, it’s going to become more expensive for you to do so — and in the long term, physically impossible.”
What’s now up for debate is when and how the retreat happens, and on whose terms. The NRDC and others are advocating to incorporate buyout programs more fully into the NFIP, allowing homeowners in persistent-risk properties to sell their homes back to the government at pre-flood prices, after which point the land is returned to wetlands, waterfront parks, or some other kind of absorbent public space. “The temptation is to always try to identify some one-size-fits-all solution,” Moore says. “We’re at a point where we know that’s not the case for these issues. For NRDC, the real emphasis needs to be on how we help low- and middle-income homeowners live in a place that is far from flooding.”
There were some 40,000 buyouts of high-risk properties between 1993 and 2011, mostly for homes along rivers in inland states. When people receive relocation funds, though, it tends to be through state or locally run pilot projects, and there’s not yet enough data to determine how effective these programs have been in the long run. So while there is some precedent in the U.S. for helping coastal residents move away from high-risk flood zones, there is still no federal plan to make moving a realistic possibility for low- and middle-income homeowners. Examples of how to do it well are few and far between.
What MIT postdoctoral fellow Liz Koslov has found in her research into planned retreat is that there are plenty of communities ready and willing to move — at least under the right circumstances. “I was shocked about how positive they were about the process,” she says of the people she met doing field work on Staten Island, where two neighborhoods successfully lobbied Albany for relocation funds. “I expected a lot more negative criticisms, but people talked about it as a process they found very empowering. It started as a bottom-up effort, without any sort of government relocation plan. … It really helped that people were hearing about it from their neighbors, in community meetings.”
Still, buyouts are no quick fix, and scaling them up at the national level would take careful planning. “From the federal and state governments’ point of view, buyouts are great. They save a huge amount of money, absorb water, and can keep nearby properties safer,” Koslov says. At the local level, though, relocation plans run the risk of bringing “all the cost and none of the benefits.” Especially for cities without a tax base as big as New York City’s, relocation can erode funds for things like schools and public services, and potentially even whole communities. That’s why New York state’s post-Sandy relocation plan included a 5 percent bonus for homeowners who chose to relocate within the county. Blue Acres, a similar post-Sandy buyout program in New Jersey, has faced hostility from towns weary of a population drain.
Even those communities that do want to relocate face serious barriers at the federal level. FEMA currently requires a disaster to have been declared in order for the agency to release relocation funds. That’s why New York and New Jersey were each able to launch relatively successful buyout programs post-Sandy, but why Alaska — where tribal nations’ land is under rapid threat from erosion — have been unable to do the same despite years of organizing.
The Staten Island neighborhoods that ended up being relocated also only received their buyouts after “months of grassroots lobbying and protests and petitions and an enormous amount of collective effort,” Koslov says. In both neighborhoods, she adds, the main populations were white, middle-class, and home-owning public sector employees (cops, firefighters, postal workers) who had retired but were young enough to use their time actively — ”the last people you would expect to collectively organize for climate change adaptation,” Koslov says. Both areas voted overwhelmingly for Trump. Aside from some obvious concerns for renters — whose landlords would have to be bought out — it remains to be seen whether working-class neighborhoods of color — like many of those likely to be worst hit by flooding — would see the same results.
There are few easy answers for how coastal communities can adapt to rising tides and more volatile weather, let alone for how to make the NFIP more sustainable in that context. What does seem clear is that leaving the responsibility of planning for and adapting to climate change up to individuals may be the wrong path for disaster policy in the 21st century. “Individuals vary tremendously in their ability to respond rationally to incentives,” Elliot says. “My sense is that when it comes to the problem of what habited places are going to look like in a future defined by climate change, that’s a collective problem that’s going to require more collective solutions.”
In terms of policy, that could mean making it easier for communities to organize and access funding like Staten Island residents have post-Sandy, or even attaching a rider to different types of insurance policies, spreading the financial risk of flooding around to more than just the people most likely to be effected in the next several years.
The need for a more collective response has implications beyond specific measures though, and extends well outside the scope of flood insurance. Amid the chaotic reports of the situation unfolding in Houston are also those of good Samaritans rescuing total strangers, the kind of post-disaster solidarity writer Rebecca Solnit has called “a paradise built in hell.” Paradise may not be on the docket as the NFIP’s future gets determined this month, but Harvey may be a chance for lawmakers to start thinking more holistically about how to deal with and prevent the kinds of hell climate change is all too likely to keep dishing out. | <urn:uuid:efa9a268-6533-467d-9e2f-75e0398efc28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theintercept.com/2017/08/30/national-flood-insurance-program-harvey-who-gets-to-rebuild/?comments=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965085 | 3,677 | 2.359375 | 2 |
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Wednesday, 21 August 2013
Apparently, one of the upsides of dying young is that I will never have to be old and incontinent. Or lose my mind - though that's questionable even now.
But am I really dying young? In the grand scheme of things and with a historical perspective, late 40's is quite a ripe old age really. Had I been born 200 years ago, I probably wouldn't have made it out of infancy. Even today, should I have been born in Zimbabwe, my life expectancy would be around 43.
It is all a bit of a pickle statistically though, this life expectancy thing. Apparently the trick is to live to adulthood, then your life span becomes longer. Huh?
In classical Roman times, when you were born, your life expectancy (ie the average age of death) was 28. However, should you manage to hang on until you were 15, the life expectancy figure raised to 52.
And and and, then they throw in figures for a "healthy life" expectancy, as opposed to a life expectancy.
"World Health Organization publishes statistics called Healthy life expectancy (HALE), defined as the average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health", excluding the years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury"
Some of you will know what I think about WHO and their statistics in relation to BMI (which is a population screen, not a measure of physical or mental health, other than in a vague handwaving, you look fine, kind of way).
I am somewhat bemused that I cannot work out my HALE but am working on the whole "I lived to be an adult - whoop" thing. | <urn:uuid:702b3d43-eb7e-4116-9d98-8ec84257c60b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://charlotteschuntering.blogspot.com/2013/08/upsides.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977773 | 362 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Russia goes on the offensive ahead of the Eastern Partnership summit in Vilnius
In recent weeks, Russia has stepped up its efforts to prevent a group of former Soviet republics from tightening their relations with the European Union. The intensification of these efforts comes ahead of the upcoming Eastern Partnership summit, scheduled to take place in Vilnius on 28-29 November.It is expected that during the summit Kiev will sign the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (AA) initialled in March 2012, including an agreement for a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA). Meanwhile, Moldova, Armenia and Georgia are expected to initial similar documents, effectively accepting their terms and conditions, and paving the way for their official signing in the near future. Moscow has always viewed the relations between the EU and the post-Soviet states as a threat to its own influence in the region. Consequently, any attempts to tighten these relations have been actively opposed by Russia. The EU’s Eastern Partnership programme, launched in 2009, has posed a particular challenge to Moscow’s policies in the region.. Russia responded by rolling out a Eurasian integration project, which began in 2010 with the establishment of the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, and is expected to culminate in the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015. Moscow’s overarching objective has been to persuade the countries in the region, especially Ukraine, to adopt an unambiguously pro-Russian geopolitical stance and to join the integration project proposed by the Kremlin. The Russian government hopes that this would permanently place these states in Moscow’s sphere of influence and at the same time prevent them from developing closer relations with Brussels. Russia has regularly taken actions aimed at showcasing the benefits of integration with the Customs Union (particularly, by promising preferential pricing of Russian energy resources) and at the same time it has adopted measures highlighting the pitfalls of retaining a pro-European orientation (mainly by imposing occasional trade sanctions). The upcoming summit in Vilnius, during which Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Georgia could lock themselves on to a pro-European course, has spurred Moscow to intensify its efforts to torpedo a successful outcome of the Vilnius meeting, with a view to slowing down or even blocking the possibility of closer cooperation between the EU and the former Soviet republics.
Russia’s efforts to date
The most noticeable element in the Kremlin’s current offensive has been the decision to block the imports of Ukrainian goods across the Russian-Ukrainian border on 14-20 August. After the Russian authorities lifted the blockade, Vladimir Putin's adviser, Sergei Glazev, warned Ukraine that if Kiev went ahead with the signing of the association agreement, Moscow would be forced to exclude Ukraine from the CIS free trade agreement. Meanwhile, the Eurasian Economic Commission, the governing body of the integration structures developed by Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, has published a draft document which would, as of 1 November 2013, introduce measures designed to protect the Customs Union market against goods from third countries that join other trade blocs (after signing the AA/DCFTA, Ukraine would fall into this category). In addition, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin has forewarned about the possibility of breaking off Russia's links with the Ukrainian aviation industry. Moscow has also revisited the issue of the customs tariffs charged by Ukraine on Russian supplies for the Black Sea Fleet stationed in Ukraine. Russian officials claimed that the tariffs were illegal and the estimated $200 million collected by Kiev should be added by Moscow to Ukraine’s sovereign debt. Furthermore, on 10 September of this year Moscow announced that from 2014 it would no longer use the NITKA military training ground, which last year cost Moscow nearly $1.4 million. By demanding far-reaching concessions from Kiev, Russia has also effectively blocked any negotiations on a possible cut in the price of Russian gas imported by Ukraine. At the same time, Moscow has been highlighting the ways in which Ukraine could benefit from joining the Eurasian integration process headed by Russia. Sergei Glazev has said for example that once Ukraine is part of the Eurasian structures it would be able to purchase Russian gas at the same price as Belarus, that is, two or three times cheaper than currently. Moreover, Russia would no longer levy export tariffs on oil exported to Ukraine. Both of these concessions, along with trade preferences for Customs Union members, would benefit Ukraine to the tune of $11-12 billion a year.
Although Russia’s efforts have been focused mainly on Ukraine, whose negotiations with Brussels are the most advanced, Moscow has also been trying to influence the other countries preparing to initial association agreements with the EU. Russia's consumer rights watchdog Rospotrebnadzor, has introduced an embargo on the import of Moldovan alcohol, effective from 11 September of this year. The closure of the Russian market to Moldovan wine producers, who export up to 30% of their production to Russia, will cost them an estimated $5 million a month. Rospotrebnadzor has also started to raise questions about the quality of Moldovan fruit, which might eventually lead to the introduction of an import ban. Earlier, Dmitry Rogozin, Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister and Special Representative for Transnistria, warned that Moldova’s decision to sign an association agreement with the EU would necessitate a revision of the existing agreements between Russia and Moldova. It could harm Moldovan exports, hamper the supply of Russian gas to the country, and lead to restrictions for Moldovan migrant workers. Rogozin has also said that closer relations between the EU and Moldova would have a negative impact on the Transnistrian settlement. Meanwhile, Transnistria has received $150 million in aid from Russia (equivalent to the total annual revenue of the republic’s budget) to improve welfare in the breakaway republic. Recently, Russia has also increased its presence in Transnistria through networks of experts and investment projects. It is also likely that the growing calls for an independence referendum in Moldova’s pro-Russian autonomous region of Gagauzia have been encouraged by the Kremlin.
In its relations with Armenia, meanwhile, Russia appears to have focused mainly on security issues. Traditionally, Russia has been a staunch supporter of Armenia in the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh; more recently, however, Moscow’s actions have begun to suggest the possibility of a change in Russia’s policy. On 13 August, President Vladimir Putin made his first trip to Baku in seven years. During the visit, media reports publicised the fact that Russia would sell to Azerbaijan weapons worth an estimated $4 billion. In addition, in July of this year, Gazprom (which controls Armenia’s gas company ArmRosGazprom) raised gas tariffs for individual consumers in Armenia by 50%, after which Russia suggested that the price hike could be reversed if Armenia agreed to join the Customs Union. Consequently, following his Moscow meeting with President Vladimir Putin on 3 September, Armenia’s President Serzh Sargsyan announced that Armenia had made the decision to seek accession to the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, and was interested in becoming a founding member of the Eurasian Economic Union.
On the other hand, Russia has shown no activity in its relations with Georgia in the past few weeks. However, in a recent statement Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili did not rule out greater integration with Russia, which might suggest that Moscow and Tbilisi have been holding talks on the matter behind the scenes.
The significance of the Vilnius summit for Russia
The prospect that a group of states which have traditionally found themselves in Russia’s sphere of influence might now be signing or initialling agreements tightening their cooperation with the European Union is seen by Moscow as a threat to both its symbolic status and to its real geopolitical position in the region.
First, such a development would deal a serious blow to Russia’s political image. By adopting the documents drafted for the Vilnius summit, four countries in the region would officially declare a pro-Western orientation in their foreign policy. Russia has always seen the relations between post-Soviet republics and the European Union as being in competition to its own relations with these countries, and has taken measures to counteract Brussels’ attempts to promote closer cooperation with the region. Therefore, a decision by the governments of Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Georgia to formally confirm their intention to integrate with the EU would be a clear indication that this policy has failed. It would also suggest that Moscow was losing out to Brussels in what the Russian public sees as a rivalry over the geopolitical orientation of these countries. Consequently, such a development would mean, at least in symbolic terms, the shrinking of the sphere of Russian predominant influence in the region and would undermine Russia’s image as a power capable of controlling the post-Soviet region. This would weaken Russia's international standing not only in its relations with other CIS member states but also with the West. Up till now, Russia has been able to invoke the argument of its alleged “natural” patronage over the region to persuade the West that it should recognise Moscow’s right to participate in all decisions concerning this part of the world.
Russia perceives adoption of a pro-European foreign policy orientation by post-Soviet states as an identity-defining decision, tantamount to a choice of a value system, economic regime and governance model alternative to those offered by Russia. That is why the symbolism of the Vilnius summit is so important for Russia, irrespective of whether the signatory states deliver on their commitments and implement real internal reforms. The symbolic aspect is particularly significant in the case of Ukraine, because some segments of Russian society (both within the elite and among ordinary people) regard Ukraine as a historical part of Russia and Ukrainians as a local subgroup of a Russian nation. This belief seems to be shared by President Putin, as he demonstrated in his remarks on Ukraine's prospects for EU accession. Therefore, Kiev’s choice not to adopt a pro-Russian orientation would constitute a policy defeat for the Kremlin, that might have negative reverberations in the Russian domestic political arena as well.
The signing of the association agreements would also be a heavy blow to the Eurasian integration project, which the Russian government sees as its top priority. By building the Eurasian Economic Union (which began with the establishment of the Customs Union) Moscow hoped to maintain its control over the post-Soviet region by strengthening and formalising its economic ties with the republics. Their decision to enter into a DCFTA with the EU, however, would prevent them from joining the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Particularly damaging would be the exclusion of Ukraine from the group of potential participants in this project. Without Ukraine, which is the second largest economy and the second largest market in the region, the Customs Union would lose much of its appeal to prospective members and external partners. It is highly probable that without Ukraine the Customs Union might gradually die.
The association of the former Soviet republics with the European Union would pose a real threat to Russia’s influence in the region. This is because the association agreements require the signatory states to ali ne their legal and economic systems with EU standards. The agreements contain over half of the requirements of the EU's acquis communautaire. Their implementation would therefore begin to differentiate Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Georgia from the rest of the region, which continues to follow Soviet-style rules of governance. Consequently, Russia would find it much more difficult to influence the states associated with the EU, as it could no longer take advantage of the current lack of transparency in decision-making that plagues former Soviet republics. Similarly, Russian businesses would also have to start competing on an equal footing against international players, as they would no longer be able to rely on their familiarity with the post-Soviet economic system, or benefit from numerous informal ties and networks.
In addition, Russia has also raised concerns about the fact that following the abolition of customs duties in trade with the EU, the new signatories to the DCFTA would be flooded with cheaper goods. This could potentially reduce the attractiveness of some Russian goods, which until now could compete with EU goods thanks to their low price. However, given that the trade with the potential four new signatories to the DCFTA accounts for just 5.7% of Russia's total foreign trade (of this Ukraine’s share amounts to 5.4%), this is not a particularly serious problem. Furthermore, Moscow fears that manufacturers in the states entering the DCFTAs, subject to growing competition from the EU in their home markets, will intensify their efforts to export to the Russian market. Moscow has also voiced concern over the increased risk of an illegal influx of European goods to the Russian market, especially from Ukraine, which together with Russia is a part of the CIS free trade zone. Hence, Russia would need to make costly improvements in the efficiency of its customs posts at its borders with the new signatories to the DCFTA.
Russia’s possible future actions
Russia sees the prospect of a formal strengthening of cooperation between the EU and four of the former Soviet republics as a threat to its policy towards the CIS. Therefore, the primary objective of its current offensive is to prevent or at least weaken the success of the Vilnius summit. In the run-up to the November summit we can expect Russia to continue to put pressure on the countries in the region in order to block the signing of the association agreement by Ukraine and the initialling of association agreements by Moldova and Georgia. In the case of Armenia, the initialling of an AA/DCFTA has been, most likely, made impossible by Yerevan’s declaration of its accession to the Customs Union, and so Moscow no longer needs to pressure Armenia. In order to influence the geopolitical choices of the states in the region, Russia will continue to rely on its position as a major trading partner for Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia. Access to the Russian market is of strategic importance for these countries’ economies, especially in the case of Ukraine, where many large industrial plants still form a part of production chains inherited from the Soviet Union, which means that some of the production process takes place in Russia. Until the Vilnius summit, Russia is likely to keep in place its existing restrictions on trade with Ukraine and Moldova. Moscow may also decide to impose an embargo on Moldovan fruit and vegetables. It is likely that Russia may use energy cooperation projects as an additional instrument of pressure. The Moldovan and Armenian energy sectors, for example, are almost entirely dependent on Russian gas. Similarly, despite the recent attempts to diversify its energy supplies, Ukraine remains highly reliant on Russian fossil fuels. Moscow could instrumentalise negotiations of a new gas contract for Moldova for 2014, its negotiations with Armenia and Ukraine on the pricing of Russian natural gas, as well as its talks with Kiev on the interpretation of the ‘take or pay’ clause in the current Russian-Ukrainian contract, and the potential debt of the Ukrainian state if the clause were to be recognised as binding. Another important tool of pressure that can be used by Moscow is access to the Russian labour market (including Russia’s implicit tolerance of illegal migrant workers). Labour migration is particularly relevant to Russia’s relations with Moldova and Armenia – in 2012, migrant workers from these two countries sent back remittances estimated at 15% and 10% of their countries’ GDP respectively. The Ukrainians, meanwhile, constitute the second largest group of immigrants in Russia. Immigration officials estimate their numbers at 1.3 million, although unofficial estimates put the figure at 2.5-3 million.
Issues related to the security and stability of the region are also likely to be used by Moscow as means of pressure. The most likely issue to be exploited is the conflict in Transnistria. In June 2013, Yuri Shevchuk, the leader of the breakaway Transnistrian republic, signed a decree delineating the Transnistrian borders with the Republic of Moldova, under which a number of Moldovan villages have been placed within Transnistria. Attempts to enforce and demarcate the new border could lead to a serious conflict with Chisinau. Furthermore, Moscow may engage in activities aimed at destabilising the region by offering its support to pro-Russian and anti-EU groups in Moldova’s Gagauzia, Eastern Ukraine, and Crimea. Georgian breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia might also be used in order to destabilise the situation on the border with Georgie. Recently, the Georgian authorities have warned that the Russian military have been moving the fence separating South Ossetia from Georgia deeper into Georgian territory.
It can be assumed that Russia also hopes that internal problems in the countries aspiring to sign association agreements with the EU may stall the process as well. Among the obstacles for the signing or initialling of the agreements at the Vilnius summit could be Kiev’s failure to resolve the impasse over Yulia Tymoshenko, or a potential lawsuit filed against Mikheil Saakashvili after Georgia’s presidential elections scheduled for October.
Nonetheless, even if the association agreements are not signed or initialled at the Vilnius summit, Russia is unlikely to end its offensive. Moscow will certainly seek to permanently block the development of closer ties between the EU and Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Georgia. Moreover, it appears that if Russia’s current attempts to pressure the former Soviet republics into compliance prove successful, Moscow will continue its efforts to coerce the countries of the region to join its Eurasian integration project. Russia may also want to complete the takeover of Ukraine’s gas pipelines by establishing a gas consortium or purchasing a controlling stake in the network.
Equally, if the countries in question were to resist the pressure of the Russian state and decide to press ahead with establishing closer ties with the EU, the rivalry over the region’s geopolitical orientation would continue. In such case, Russia would seek to block the ratification of the association agreements in Ukraine and in those EU member states where it has sufficient influence, such as Greece and Cyprus. Moscow would also make every effort to persuade Moldova, Georgia, and possibly Armenia, not to sign the agreements they have initialled in Vilnius.
Either way, one can assume that at the next meeting of the leaders of the member states of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, which routinely should be held in early December, Moscow will try to showcase the successes of Eurasian integration. As previously announced, during the meeting Ukraine was (expected to sign a series of documents formalising its observer status at the Eurasian Economic Commission. Although granting Kiev such status would have little or no real significance, Russia may want to use this fact to reduce the impact of Ukraine’s decision to sign an AA/DCFTA, or alternatively, to stress the failure of Europe’s integration policy if Kiev should choose not to sign the agreement at the Vilnius summit. It is also likely that at the next summit Russia will want to capitalise on Armenia’s declaration of its intention to join the Customs Union, by awarding Yerevan official observer or candidate status. Finally, it is possible that Russia will try to tighten formal relations between the Customs Union and Kyrgyzstan, after Bishkek expressed interest in joining the body in October 2011.
On 1 January 2012, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus launched the Common Economic Space, which is seen as a transition structure between the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. Any state interested in joining the Eurasian integration process would have to first become a member of the Customs Union.
T. Iwański, A. Wierzbowska-Miazga, Russia counteracts Ukraine’s moves towards the European Union, EASTWEEK, No. 26 (269), http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2013-08-28/russia-counteracts-ukraine-s-moves-towards-european-union
It should be noted that Sergei Glazev’s declarations seem rather improbable. Fossil fuels are excluded from Customs Union regulations and their cost could be reduced through preferential pricing, which in the long term Russia cannot afford.
According to Moldova’s Office for National Statistics, in 2012 Moldovan wine exports to Russia were worth $61.02 million.
The grant was first announced by Russia in April 2012, and the information was repeated during Dmitry Rogozin’s visit to Transnistria in September 2013. During the trip, Rogozin attended the opening of the first public buildings built with Russian money.
Moscow has opened a branch of the Russian Institute for Strategic Studies in Transnistria, and in February 2013 it set up a group of experts, who will support Transnistria in its efforts to adapt its legislation to Russian standards.
During the Third Transnistrian Investment Forum, Russian companies signed contracts for a series of projects in Transnistria, worth an estimated $40 million. In addition, Russia's ambassador to Moldova Farid Mukhametshin announced that in 2013 the Moscow-sponsored Yerevan Integration would carry out social projects (including infrastructure project) worth over $60 million.
At this stage the separatist demands are unrealistic; however, raising this issue could contribute to the destabilisation of the situation in the region.
Sz. Ananicz, Armenia turns away from the EU, EastWeek, No. 27 (270), http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2013-09-04/armenia-turns-away-eu
cf. Бидзина Иванишвили присматривается к Евразийскому союзу, Kommiersant, 10.09.2013, http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2275559
cf. Путин: Россия и Украина представляют один народ, Rossijskaja Gazieta, 4.09.2013, http://www.rg.ru/2013/09/04/ukraina-anons.html
Currently, there is an embargo on the import of the confectionery products of the Ukrainian company Roshen, and duty has been reintroduced on the imports of pipes produced by Ukraine’s Interpipe Group. There is also an embargo on the import of Moldovan alcohol.
Moldova imports only some of its electricity from Ukraine
According to a statement released by Moldova’s Deputy Prime Minister and Energy Minister Valeriu Lazar after his return from Moscow on September 23, the current contract for the supply of Russian gas is to be extended until 2015. The relevant documents, however, have not yet been signed.
Moldova has already reported the first signs of tighter controls at the Russian-Moldovan border, which in many cases results in Moldovan citizens being refused entry to Russia. There have also been reports of Moldovan migrant workers being deported from Russia.
A memorandum of cooperation was signed on 31 May 2013. See also T. Iwański, Sz. Kardaś, Ukraine closer to the Customs Union. EASTWEEK, No. 19 (262), https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2013-06-05/ukraine-closer-to-customs-union | <urn:uuid:f47f179a-6d86-46fd-881f-beaf7b726296> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2013-10-01/russia-goes-offensive-ahead-eastern-partnership-summit-vilnius | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959003 | 5,038 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The Horrifying Reason Why Illinois’ Starved Rock Got Its Name
When you've lived in a state for your entire life, it's sometimes jarring to find out something about its history that you had absolutely no idea about.
My family and I had been discussing cool spots for day trips here in Illinois, rather than taking a week to vacation in just one spot. There's certainly no shortage of must-see attractions, and I was taking my time checking out a few different possibilities when I stumbled upon some information that was pretty shocking to me.
What Is Starved Rock?
The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) describes Starved Rock State Park as a wilderness area on the Illinois River known for its steep sandstone canyons formed by glacial meltwater. One of Starved Rock's many highlights is a 125 foot high sandstone butte.
According to everything that I've researched, Starved Rock has been home to humans since at least 8000 BC. The area was "discovered" by French explorers in 1673, and the French even built a fort they called Fort St. Louis atop the butte in 1682, only to abandon it in the early 1700s before moving to what is now Peoria.
Let's Get To The Gruesome Details Of The Name Starved Rock
I've never really given a thought to why it's called Starved Rock. Up until yesterday when I came across the real story, I would have guessed that it's because the rock is somewhat skinny looking. Wrong.
Starved Rock received its name for an event that allegedly took place there about 1770. According to Native American tradition, some Peoria Indians who came under attack by a war party of Potawatomi Indians suffered starvation when trapped on the rock without food or water.
Several other published accounts say that Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa tribe was murdered by an Illinois tribe member during a trip to what is now southern Illinois. Pontiac's tribe, along with another allied tribe, the Potawatomi, took their revenge by attacking the Illinois tribe. The Illinois sought refuge at the top of Starved Rock, where those who weren't killed by the Ottawa and Potawatomi starved to death while under siege.
A few days later, traveling traders en route to Canada stopped to see why flocks of buzzards were circling the rock. On approaching the top, the traders were sickened by the numbers of decaying bodies. The stench was so offensive that the traders left and took with them the legend of the dead. | <urn:uuid:b760be7c-6784-498d-97f9-2d75d8ac8b5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://101theeagle.com/the-horrifying-reason-why-illinois-starved-rock-got-its-name/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979994 | 522 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Imagining, forecasting and predicting the future is an inextricable and increasingly important part of the present. States, organizations and individuals almost continuously have to make decisions about future actions, financial investments or technological innovation, without much knowledge of what will exactly happen in the future. Science and technology play a crucial role in this collective attempt to make sense of the future. Technological developments such as nanotechnology, robotics or solar energy largely shape how we dream and think about the future, while economic forecasts, gene tests or climate change projections help us to make images of what may possibly occur in the future.
This book provides one of the first interdisciplinary assessments of how scientific and technological imaginations matter in the formation of human, ecological and societal futures. Rooted in different disciplines such as sociology, philosophy, and science and technology studies, it explores how various actors such as scientists, companies or states imagine the future to be and act upon that imagination. Bringing together case studies from different regions around the globe, including the electrification of German car infrastructure, or genetically modified crops in India, Imagined Futures in Science, Technology and Society shows how science and technology create novel forms of imagination, thereby opening horizons toward alternative futures. By developing central aspects of the current debate on how scientific imagination and future-making interact, this timely volume provides a fresh look at the complex interrelationships between science, technology and society.
This book will be of interest to postgraduate students interested in Science and Technology Studies, History and Philosophy of Science, Sociology, Cultural Studies, Anthropology, Political Sciences, Future Studies and Literary Sciences.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Shaping the Future through Imaginaries of Science, Technology and Society
Gert Verschraegen and Frédéric Vandermoere
PART I – SHAPING HUMAN NATURE
Bioethics and the Legitimation/Regulation of the Imagined Future
The New Biology of the Social: Shaping Humans’ Future, Science, and Public Health
Working Imagination along the Food-Drug Divide
PART II – SHAPING TECHNO-NATURES
Competing, Conflicting and Contested Futures: Temporal Imaginaries in the GM Crops Controversy
Preserving Landscapes and Re-ordering Science-Society Relations: Imagining the Future in Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research
An Automobile Nation at the Crossroads: Re-imagining Germany’s Car Society through the Electrification of Transportation
PART III – SHAPING SOCIETIES
Parameters of Nation-ness and Citizenship in Belgium (1846-1947)
‘Make me happy and I shall again be virtuous’: Science Fiction and the Utopian Surplus of Science
Shaping New Horizons: Proactionary Attitudes, Precautionary Principles, and the Experimentalities of Science in Society
Gert Verschraegen is Associate Professor in the department of Sociology at the University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Frédéric Vandermoere is professor in the department of sociology at the University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Luc Braeckmans is Professor in Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Antwerp, Belgium.
Barbara Segaert holds a master diploma in Oriental Studies, Islamic Studies and Arab Philology (KU Leuven), Belgium and a master in the Social Sciences (Open University), UK. | <urn:uuid:73a34caf-f030-4cbc-80ec-92af2ac27f85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.routledge.com/Imagined-Futures-in-Science-Technology-and-Society/Verschraegen-Vandermoere-Braeckmans-Segaert/p/book/9781138217379 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.84881 | 773 | 2.375 | 2 |
Tuesday night was rough because of heavy swells from the north. That meant all the landings that day were difficult, none more so than the one we made on Santa Cruz Island.
Step 1: Approach the beach in reverse
Step 2: Get as close to the beach as possible:
Step 3: Passengers jump into the water as quickly as they can and make their way to shore:
Prickly pear cacti in the Galapagos grow differently, than in other places. Here they can grow up in order to escape the depredations of iguanas and tortoises.
This portion of the island is known as Bachas Beach, after the barges the U.S. military left rusting on the island after WWII.
As it happened, there weren't a lot of birds in this area, just a few lava gulls and a flamingo. Dad was disappointed with the excursion: | <urn:uuid:e4e79b7a-29ca-4b58-b9bd-78e44ada9b79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blutingersblog.blogspot.com/2010/01/photos-santa-cruz-island.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975631 | 191 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Bihar: Kumhar Labourers in Gaya Struggle as Market Declines
Rabri Devi working on matkas
Rabri Devi, a woman in Bhagalpur near Bodh Gaya, spends most of her day kneading matkas (pots) of clay and drying them near her house to sell in the market. It is good business for her, and the demand has improved in the summer season. "I have been doing this work for a long time; I have my elder son for whom I have gathered pennies for years. I sent him to China to learn Chinese, and now we are waiting for opportunities to guide Chinese Buddhist tourists in Bodh Gaya," Rabri said while punching and shaping her pots.
Bhagalpur is one of the villages with a considerable kumhar population, a caste traditionally engaged in the artisanal work of making items of clay. Some 70 to 80 houses of kumhar people live here. While the summers increase the demand for articles such as kullhadd (clay cups) and matka, this doesn't translate into much employment. In general, most kumhars are leaving the art. This tradition seems to be in decline.
“Here in Bhagalpur, only some 10-15 houses do the work of kumhar, while the rest do other petty work. Some run thelas, and some do labour work as raj mistri. Few are in the public sector,” says Nandlal Prajapati, the president of the Bihar Kumhar (Prajapati) Samanvay Samiti. The Samiti is a caste association that represents the interests and demands of the kumhar community.
Nandlal says the Samiti has come into being due to the desolate condition of the kumhar samaj. "When we saw several other caste communities moving forward and finding better jobs in the public sector, and political representation in the state, some intellectuals from our community aimed to unite the kumhar people and fight to move forward," he says.
One of the main concerns is that the market for clay items is in decline. "The government may provide us with some sort of help, such as this one recent thing they did at the start of the year was to distribute 100 electric chaaks (turntables running on electricity on which a kumhar makes clay articles) to many kumhars in the area. This helps in our production and is a good initiative by the state government. But the larger concern here is that we have no market. The articles of clay depends on either the season or on festive occasions," Nandlal says.
Mainly, the kumhars used to make khapra (clay tiles used to roof old houses) and clay utensils. Both of these have become obsolete as newer house roofs are cemented, and steel and plastic utensils are preferred in all contexts.
Pawan Prajapati making kullhadds on an electric chaak
Pawan Prajapati, a kumhar who recently got an electric chaak, has a much easier time making kullhadds. "The electric chaak runs automatically, so I no longer need to run the chaak physically. It used to be that on a single turn of the chaak, I could only make 7-8 kullhadds, now it is all automatic, and hence it reduces so much effort!" Pawan says.
While the work of making kullhadds for the summers goes on well, Pawan is anxious about what comes after. For the raw material for making clay items, some of which are specific types of clay such as kaala mitti and riverside clay, firewood to 'cook' the clay items, are elusive. "It has been increasingly becoming difficult to find mitti. We have no land of our own and other castes, who own land, are not willing to give us any mitti. Recently, there has been mining in a public lake nearby. So we somehow managed to get some mitti; we got two truckloads which may last us this year. But there is no certainty that the government will always provide us such amounts of clay," Pawan said.
This points to some of the inadequacies in government efforts. "Neither is it like the market for our articles is sustainable. We barely make our ends meet, as most work is seasonal. Most work on idols depends on festivals," says Pawan, adding that "I won't want my children to continue as I have faced many difficulties filling my family's stomach."
Nandlal Prajapati in Bhagalpur
Nandlal explains that the community's backwardness is a pertinent reason for today's crisis of raw materials. "You see, our community has always believed in serving the people. Decades ago, it was enough for a kumhar family to do their artisanal work and live off it. The average kumhar never felt the need to own land as village life supported their livelihood. As we have modernised, elites have bought out acres of land for themselves, and the fact that we have more needs and things are becoming costly, the kumhar doesn't find a place between landlords who shoo them away if they ask for clay. In the same way, firewood is also hard to procure," he said. He reminisces of the past, when in Bodh Gaya, the institution of the Hindu-Shaivite Math, known as Bodh Gaya Math, owned thousands of acres of land. The kumhars used to get clay for free from the land owned by the Math.
"But after a series of movements before and after the independence of India culminating in the 70s (recounted here), the land was liberated and distributed amongst the landless and harijans (Dalits)," he recalls. But what has happened post the redistribution is that the upper castes or more privileged lower castes have been able to buy off the land from the victors of the movement. "Everything went to the dabanags (elite castes); hence we have no clay, no wood or own any land. It is so bad for many that they have to mix sand into the small amounts of clay that they own. The situation is desperate," Nandlal asserted. He demands that the government allot land to the kumhar community to procure the raw materials.
A similar plight of the kumhars surfaces in a village called Bishnuganj, situated near the Gaya International Airport. Ram Brij, an elderly man, around 70 years old, who retired from the position of a security guard at the airport, now spends his time in the village while his kids are out to do labour work in the city of Gaya. He recalls the old days when he used to work as a kumhar.
"I did kumhar work till the age of 24; it was laborious work to collect the clay and then rotate the chaak to work on it continuously. I wanted to leave, and hence I joined as a security guard at the airport. Later I did the same job in Munger," Ram Brij said. He further informs that the business of kumhars was profitable only in the past, "now it is difficult to sustain as a kumhar. Kumhars used to take mitti from zamindars, and now the zamindars have started to use their land for other activities, and hence they do share any mitti with us. Nobody works as a kumhar in this village anymore, and everyone has moved away to do agricultural work."
Kamlesh Pandit in Bishnuganj, posing with his chaak
Dilchand Pandit, another person from the kumhar community, confirms the same. "This is a village of kumhars and yadavs and manjhis, and almost everyone is involved in agriculture in some capacity," Dilchand said. The decline and obsolescence of the profession of the kumhar have much to do with landlords as with demand of the articles. "It was only 6-7 years ago that many in our community were able to work as kumhars and make ends meet. We used to carry mitti from a village of forward-castes nearby, called Jaitiya. Later they sold their land, and hence we didn't have any source to get mitti," Dilchand said.
He adds that the demand for khapra has declined, but utensils still have a small market. But that is not enough for one to sustain oneself as a kumhar. "Slowly over a few years, we never encouraged our children to work on the chaak. Some got other jobs, some became teachers, and many are still preparing for government services. Why would anyone want to go back to kumhar work? It has no benefits," Dilchand says.
An older man named Kamlesh Pandit remains in the village and owns a chaak which he uses seasonally. "During any festivals, I make diyas and sell them in the Bishnuganj market. Other than that, my children do other labour work; they don't do kumhar work," Kamlesh said. He is then the last of all kumhars in the village to be doing the decaying artisanal work. On the other end of the spectrum, Pawan Kumar comes from a family of kumhar who has earned a PhD. in Biochemistry from University of Gaya. His father, Kamleshwar Pandit was a traffic police inspector.
Showing us his chaak, which belonged to his father, and now covers a small drain in the backyard of his house, Kamleshwar says, "This is just to keep a memory of our work. We no longer engage in it. Only my father knew how to run the chaak." His other son has been able to get a government job, while Pawan, post obtaining a PhD is applying for a professorship in different colleges across Gaya. "I am happy that I am one of the only few from our community who have achieved such a feat of obtaining a PhD. It is all thanks to my father," Pawan said. But he is also conscious of the concerns of his community.
"The government has to take a lot of initiatives for our community: be it the crisis of procuring raw materials or the overall backwardness and lack of capital in our community. Special provisions are needed to look after the concerns of our community," Pawan asserts.
The road to uplift the community from its desperate condition goes through representation in the political sphere as well as continuous engagement and pressing for fulfilling demands of the community.
"We have no MLAs from our community across Bihar. Neither the OBC reservations have been able to help us. The 20% reservations have been hounded by privileged OBCs such as Telis, Sahukaars, Koeris, Halwais, and so many others," Nandlal says, "there is an old saying in the dehat (rural locality): ekwar badhai, dowar lohar, baale bacche lage kumhar. (It takes one carpenter, two ironsmiths, but the whole family of kumhars to make ends meet.”
He says that it points to the condition of those who have not been able to uplift themselves, who keep on trying to survive in this declining profession with their whole families.
He has pressed for several demands in the past, after the distribution of 100 electric chaaks in the district. Some of the demands include the provision of providing free mitti for the kumhars through the arrangement of gair majarua land (land which is not used for farming) to be entitled to the kumhar community by the government. Distribution of other raw materials has also been demanded. "We also want a Mitti Kala Manch, a body that has been established in the states like UP, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand. It aims to promote the art of the kumhars and meditate on the problems and find solutions to the community's problems through direct funding from the government," Nandlal said.
Above all the troubles and difficulties, Nandlal hopes that something can be done. The work of the Samiti not only works to help the business of the kumhar samaj but also brings together various sub-castes within the kumhar community. "There used to be discrimination between some subcastes of kumhars, namely the kannaujiyas were considered untouchables for they reared donkeys in their houses. The Samiti has actively brought everyone together, hopefully, so that everyone can progress together," Nandlal said.
Get the latest reports & analysis with people's perspective on Protests, movements & deep analytical videos, discussions of the current affairs in your Telegram app. Subscribe to NewsClick's Telegram channel & get Real-Time updates on stories, as they get published on our website. | <urn:uuid:2d7c6109-d983-480f-9e08-afa7aec8c6dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsclick.in/Bihar-Kumhar-Labourers-Gaya-Struggle-Market-Declines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975637 | 2,765 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The amount of information in the species summary reports differs for commercial and minor species. For minor species we present summary information on species distribution, ecology, reproduction, genetics and in situ conservation status. For the more widely studied commercial species we only focus on distribution and in situ conservation status. For the operational species in the provincial tree breeding program, a summary of in, inter and ex situ protection conservation is given based on SPUs. A brief overview of the distribution/protected area methodology and the information sources for the conservation status summaries is given below.
For each tree species in BC we post a species distribution map overlain with protected areas. The distribution maps show a species range in terms of % cover. The cover values were obtained from the provincial ecology program’s inventory plots. Cover values were compiled and mapped (using GIS) on the level of BGC subzone/variant. From these maps the total range and “relative” importance of a species by geographic area can be determined. Species range information is also given in terms of arial extent (ha) in two scale diagrams. The value marked with the black arrow in the “total range” scale diagram represents the total land area of the subzones/variants where the species might be found in some proportion. The value is generated by summing the land area for the subzones/variants where the species is know to occur (ie. species occurred in an inventory plot(s) located somewhere in the subzone/variant). The potential range can be compared to that of other BC species by examining the relative position of the arrows. The red arrow indicates the smallest range of all BC tree species and the green arrow the largest. The portion (ha) of the species range which is protected (i.e. falls within a Protected Area(s)) is given in “protected portion” scale diagram. The coloured arrows (other than black) in the “total range” and “protected portion” scale diagrams do not necessarily represent the same species. For example, logdepole pine has the largest total range (ha) while subalpine fir has the largest protected portion (ha).
More information on the methodology and additional statistics can be found in the publication: Hamann, A., Smets, P., Aitken, S. N. and Yanchuk, A. D. 2005. An ecogeographic framework for in situ conservation of forest trees in British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 35:2553-256. The species range and in situ conservation statistics have also been calculated by BGC zone and are available for download.
Conservation status summary
The in situ conservation summaries given for species outside of the provincial breeding program are direct extracts from the report “Forest Tree Genetic Conservation Status Report 1: In situ conservation status of all indigenous BC species“. For BC’s operational tree species, the summaries of in situ, inter situ (experimental populations that comprise the breeding and testing program) and ex situ (primarily stored seed collections) conservation status are direct extracts from “Forest Tree Genetic Conservation Status Report 2: genetic conservation status of operational tree species“. Conservation statistics are calculated on the zone level for all species except the operational species where calculations are based on SPUs. Both reports, joint publications by the Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics and the BC Ministry of Forests and Range, are available online at:
C. Chourmouzis, A.D. Yanchuk, A. Hamann, P. Smets, and S.N. Aitken. 2009. Forest Tree Genetic Conservation Status Report 1: In situ conservation status of all indigenous BC species. Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics, Forest Genetics Council of BC, and BC Ministry of Forests and Range, Forest Science Program, Victoria, BC Technical Report 053. www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Tr/Tr053.htm
Krakowski J, C. Chourmouzis, A.D. Yanchuk, D. Kolotelo, A. Hamann, and S.N. Aitken. 2009. Forest Tree Genetic Conservation Status Report 2: genetic conservation status of operational tree species. Centre for Forest Conservation Genetics, Forest Genetics Council of British Columbia, and B.C. Min. For. Range, For. Sci. Prog. Victoria, B.C. Tech. Rep. 054. www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Tr/Tr054.htm | <urn:uuid:0d5dba52-5c13-4218-8eeb-bba8221ea027> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cfcg.forestry.ubc.ca/resources/species-reports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.849183 | 969 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
How To Spot Fake News (Click or tap to play in YouTube)
Which News Sources Can Be Trusted (Click or tap to play in YouTube)
What Makes News, News (Click or tap to play on YouTube)
How To Spot Bias In The Media (Click or tap to play on YouTube)
Dishonesty, Accuracy And Ethics In The Media (Click or tap to play on YouTube)
Regularly, I cover on HomeNetworking01.info the issue of fake news and disinformation. This is because of our consumption of news and information being part of our online lives thanks to the ubiquity and affordability of the Intermet.
I have highlighted the use of online sources like social media, Web portals, search engines or news aggregators as our regular news sources along with the fact that it is very easy to spread rumour and disinformation around the world thanks to the ease of publishing the Web provides. As well, it is easy for our contacts to spread links to Web resources or iterate messages in these resources via the Social Web, emails or instant-messaging platforms.
This issue has become of concern since 2016 when fake news and disinformation circulating around the Web was used to distort the outcome of the UK’s Brexit referendum and the US election that brought Donald Trump in to the presidency of that country.
Since then, I have covered efforts by the tech industry and others to make us aware of fake news, disinformation and propaganda such as through the use of fact-checkers or online services implementing robust data-security and account-management policies and procedures. It also includes articles that encourage the use of good-quality traditional media sources during critical times like national elections or the coronavirus and I even see the issue of being armed against fake news and disinformation as part of data security.
The ABC have run a video series as part of their “Behind The News” schools-focused TV show about the media which underscores the value of media literacy and discerning the calibre of news that is being presented. On Tuesday 6 July 2020, I watched “The Drum” and one of the people behind this series described it as being highly relevant viewing for everyone no matter how old we are thanks to the issue of fake news and disinformation being spread around the Web.
It is part of their continued media-literacy efforts like their “Media Watch” TV series run on Monday nights which highlights and keeps us aware of media trends and issues.
In that same show, they even recommended that if we do post something that critiques a piece of fake news or disinformation, we were to reference the material with a screenshot rather than sharing a link to the content. This is because interactions, link shares and the like are often used as a way to “game” social-network and search-engine algorithms, making it easier to discover the questionable material.
The first video looked at how and why fake news has been spread over the ages such as to drive newspaper sales or listenership and viewership of broadcasts. It also touched on how such news is spread including taking advantage of “thought and social bubbles” that we establish. As well, one of the key issues that was highlighted was fact that fake news tends to be out of touch with reality and to encourage us to research further about the article and who is behind it before taking it as gospel and sharing it further.
This second video of the series that touches on the quality of news and information sources that can be used to drive a news story. It examines the difference between the primary sources that provide first-had information “from the horse’s mouth” and secondary sources that evaluate or interpret the information.
It also touches on whether the news source is relying primarily on secondary sources or hearsay vs expert or authoritative testimony. They raise the legitimacy of contrasting opinion like academic debate or where there isn’t enough real knowledge on the topic. But we were warned about news sources that are opinion-dominant rather than fact-dominant. Even issues like false equivalence, bias or use of anonymous sources were identified along with the reason behind the source presenting the information to the journalist or newsroom.
This video even summed up how we assess news sources by emphasising the CRAP rule – Currency (how recent the news is), Reliability (primary vs secondary source as well as reliability of the source), Authority (is the source authoritative on the topic) and Purpose (why was the news shared such as biases or fact vs opinion).
The third video in the series talks about what makes information newsworthy. This depends on who is reporting it and the consumers who will benefit from the information. It also covered news value like timeliness, frequency of occurrence, cultural proximity, the existence of people in the public spotlight along with factors like conflict or the tone of the story. It completely underscored why and how you are told of information that could shape your view of the world.
The fourth video looks at bias within the media and why it is there. The reasons that were called out include to influence the way we think or vote or what goods or services we buy. It also includes keeping the media platform’s sponsors or commercial partners in a positive light, a media platform building an increasingly-large army of loyal consumers, or simply to pander to their audience’s extant biases.
It also looked at personal biases that affect what we consume and how we consume it, including the “I-am-right” confirmation bias, also known as the “rose-tinted glasses” concept. Even looking at how people or ideas are represented on a media platform, what kind of stories appear in that platform’s output including what gets top place; along with how the stories are told with both pictures and words can highlight potential biases. There was also the fact that a personal bias can be influenced to determine what we think of a media outlet.
The last of the videos looks at honesty, accuracy and ethics within the realm of media. It underscores key values like honest, accurate, fair, independent and respectful reporting along with various checks and balances that the media is subject to. Examples of these include the protections that the law of the land offers like the tort of defamation, contempt of court and similar crimes that protect the proper role of the courts of justice, hatred-of-minority-group offences and right-to-privacy offences. There is also the oversight offered by entities like broadcast-standards authorities and press councils who have effective clout.
The legal references that were highlighted were primarily based on what happens within Australia while British viewers may see something very similar there due to implied freedom of speech along with similarly-rigourous defamation laws. The USA may take slightly different approaches especially where they rely on the First Amendment of their Constitution that grants an express freedom of speech.
But it sums up the role of media as a check on the powerful and its power to shine a light on what needs to be focused on. The series also looks at how we can’t take the media for granted and need to be aware of the way the news appears on whatever media platform we use. This is although there is primary focus on traditional media but in some ways it can also be a way to encourage us to critically assess online media resources.
The video series underscores what the news media is about and covers this issue in a platform-agnostic manner so we don’t consider a particular media platform or type as a purveyor of fake or questionable news. As well, the series presents the concepts in a simple-to-understand manner but with the use of dramatisation in order to grab and keep our attention.
Here, I often wonder whether other public-service or community broadcasters are running a similar media-literacy video program that can be pitched at all age levels in order to encourage the communities they reach to be astute about the media they come across. | <urn:uuid:0b4bd9b9-5245-4e90-86bf-11e4e569e0c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homenetworking01.info/category/radio-and-tv-broadcast-commentary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95855 | 1,639 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Medicare tax is quite popular in theUS. Like land tax and service tax, Medicare tax is imposed on earning/wage/salary of an employee or a self-employed individual. As per the 2013 budget the US government has announced an increase in Medicare tax rate; from 2.9% to 3.8%.
Medicare hospital insurance amount is divided amongst the employees and the employer; both are subjected to pay half the amount of the total taxable money. Those that are self-employed have to pay the total amount as they themselves are employee and employer, rolled into one. However such individuals can file for half the amount paid as Medicare tax when filing for tax return.
Medicare tax rate will be increased to bring under its fold higher-income individuals and investment income. This as a part of health care reform laws is called ‘unearned income Medicare contribution tax and it is calculated as follows:
Multiply 3.8% tax rate by the lower of either of net investment income or the gross income over a certain amount
While the net investment amount covers interests, annuities, rents, dividends, capital gains, etc the gross adjusted income includes overseas income/ income from properties abroad, etc.
Employers are required to deduct an additional 0.9% from their employee’s salary which is calculated on the threshold amount. This deductible amount is the difference between 3.8% unearned Medicare tax and the 2.9% Medicare contribution tax. Because employers may not have knowledge of whether an employee is subjected to additional Medicare tax or not the tax amount is decided upon the individual’s income tax return. All extra tax amounts are to be cleared by the individual who is filing for tax return. On the other hand, if employers do not calculate on this basis then they can be subjected to penalties and fines.
If you fall within the higher income group then you might want to calculate the amount that you have to pay as additional Medicare tax at the rate of 3.8%.
- Tax-deferred plans such as IRAs and 401(k) accounts should be the place where you would need to shift income-producing investments.
- Avoid taxable bonds in favor of tax-exempt bonds.
- To ensure net capital gains to be as low as possible you need to pair capital gains with capital losses.
- When the additional Medicare tax would not apply you would need to postpone selling investments with a capital gain by about a year.
- Children or other family members who aren’t subject to the additional Medicare tax should be bestowed with income-producing investments.
- Increase payroll withholding or estimated taxes to cover the additional Medicare tax.
By all these methods you would be able to ensure that you plan your medicare axes well and gain greater savings. | <urn:uuid:561a2fd7-21fd-46c8-aee0-35e6bfe2ab58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sanjivcpa.com/all-you-wanted-to-know-about-medicare-tax | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967212 | 568 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Acetone is a very versatile chemical often used as a solvent or cleaning agent, but if you keep a bulk supply of this chemical compound in your place of business, you will want to know the best way to store acetone. Before storing bulk quantities of acetone, you should be aware of the proper containers and regulations surrounding the storage of flammable chemicals. Acetone is a class 1B flammable liquid, and no more than 60 gallons of acetone can be stored inside any one building. If you are storing more than 120 gallons of acetone, it must be kept in approved flammable liquid storage safety buildings. Since acetone is highly flammable, bulk quantities should be stored in customized fireproof, flammable liquid containers or lockers that can be built to be either 2 hour or 4 hour fire rated. For safety purposes, acetone should always be handled and stored with caution due to its highly flammable nature.
Who Invest in Bulk Acetone and Proper Storage?
Any business that uses large amounts of acetone can save money by purchasing in bulk, and should learn the proper methods of storage. These are some business that would benefit from bulk acetone supply.
- Industrial or Manufacturing – Acetone is a great degreaser and cleaner for industrial machinery. It is a more cost effective alternative to other chemical degreasers like butane, and can be purchased in bulk quantities from companies like Ecolink that supply eco friendly chemical supplies from 5 – 55 gallons.
- Gasoline – Acetone is often used as a thinning agent in gasoline that allows the fuel to easily move through the engine. When using acetone in this capacity bulk supply and storage is a necessity.
- Pharmaceuticals – Acetone is also used as a solvent in pharmaceuticals to deliver accurate dosage in medication. Producing large amounts of pharmaceuticals requires a large supply of acetone and adequate storage.
Shopping for Acetone?
If you are interested in learning more about purchasing bulk quantities of acetone and the best way to store acetone, contact us today! Ecolink is an environmentally conscious supplier of bulk chemical supplies that can help you find the best chemicals to suit your needs. | <urn:uuid:070117c8-fc84-40a8-94ae-f0c6264aa119> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecolink.com/info/best-way-to-store-acetone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936151 | 457 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Cut into 1-inch pieces, store in an airtight container, and place in the freezer. Fruit has been marketed as healthy for many years and generally has a positive stigma behind it. When incorporating them into your meals, make sure you consider their carb counts in the context of your daily keto carb limit. The app is a vital tool for the success of my losing weight progress. The fruit sugars can add up quickly and cause a halt in your weight loss progress. I love them but my iPad only has 16 gigabytes and they are almost full. Looking for a way to give your coffee a little more flavor while still being keto-friendly? It is best to think of fruit as a supplement to your keto diet, not as a significant component. Fresh or frozen raw fruit with no other added ingredients is always the better option for the keto diet and overall health. Achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis is highly individualized.
This is a great app! The KetoDiet app is great – love the simplicity, the planner, the recipes, the blog and the all round functionality. High blood pressure is diet known diet factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and stroke. In this article: How Many Carbs in Banana? This app was terrific bxnana I nutririon it, and it just keeps getting better! As a graduate student, her research was published keto the Dket of the American Dietetic Association. Stick to greens for potassium Takeaways. Besides banana, bananas are also a rich source of many other nutrients. Nutrition around banana. Updated Dec 20th, — Written by Craig Clarke. Blackberries nutrition loaded with vitamin C, K, and manganese which can help with brain and motor function, promote healthier skin, and reduce keto.
When summer rolls around, the diet thing that diet into my head is making some strawberry lemonade popsicles. Strawberries keto another delicious, sweet, and nutrition fruit that you can eat bananaa moderation on banana keto diet. Banana Diett Nutrition sweet rolls will help nutrition start off the morning right! They do contain many micronutrients and essential vitamins, but they are most commonly used for their acidic properties. Nutritin Although you may not want to eat the whole thing, peaches are still a fruit you can enjoy diet moderation while on keto. Keto keto keto believe that sticking to banana bananas or even plantains types of bananas used in cooking is ok on keto. As a final takeaway, always be cautious when consuming fruit on a ketogenic diet. Photo by Shutterstock. Pin it Thank you so much! | <urn:uuid:f107a02e-d879-4b59-925a-1800befe8e1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wekerle100.eu/banana-nutrition-keto-diet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938028 | 539 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Cyber attacks are growing extraordinarily complex and the security ecosystems of most companies are not keeping up with the attacks.
Employ in a safe manner Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) techniques to test the response of the security controls
Identifying breaches in infrastructure that can lead to a cyber attack and offering recommendations on fixing them
Maximize the effectiveness of your security program
Test the quality of your current cybersecurity investments and get the full benefit of them
Test the new cyber attack strategies employed by APTs to check if your infrastructure can be affected by an attack and constantly update configurations to sustain the attacks
Find the ways attackers can move through your networks in order to be able to restrict and monitor the movements.
Maximize the impact of your cyber capabilities, processes and people through coordination between the red team and the blue team
StageOne is an adversarial attack simulation framework designed to emulate the modus operandi of Advanced Persistent Threats based on MITRE ATT&CK™, which is a globally - accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. The ATTACK knowledge base is used as a foundation for the development of specific threat models and methodologies in the private sector, in government, and in the cybersecurity product and service community.
When StageOne is deployed in the security infrastructure, it continuously tests different security measures in order to validate security controls using attack emulations. These emulations assist Red and Blue Teams to measure the effectiveness of security controls and find the gaps existent in the infrastructure before a hacker does it.
An implant designed to be infiltrated in the infrastructure
The Command & Control Center which controls the implant
Stageone dashboard offers a centralized place to see all the computers and the network map of them. The lateral movement procedure is done via this panel by “breaking into a device.”
This page offers a comprehensive view over an implant. It displays various general information and configurations and a main view over the recent executed tasks. The collected data panel is at the bottom and offers a great insight into the penetrated device.
The lateral movement popup allows us to move laterally through the network and displays a few options to choose from, such as Credentials and Exploits. After choosing one implant to carry the attack, the penetration is ready to go.
Logs are always important. StageOne dashboard offers a comprehensive view of what’s going on into the system and keeps track of all the movements of the implant.
The collected data page centralizes all the credentials extracted and the keylogging from the systems they were active.
This is a special page which allows the operator of stageone to configure campaigns and users. | <urn:uuid:0183b400-5006-4fc2-b3a7-f4456feab881> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stageone.ai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927074 | 544 | 1.726563 | 2 |
TEACHING TEENS PEOPLE SKILLS
Your teens spend their days at school learning how to do complicated math problems and how to critically read, but there are some things that are critical to life that can’t be taught in school. According to US News , only 13 states require kids to learn personal finances, and there is currently no program in schools to teach your kids how to manage their personal health care or how to file their taxes.
A recent poll by Sallie Mae found that 84 percent of high school students would prefer to learn how to take care of themselves before they graduate high school. Making sure that your teen is ready for independence and adulthood is incredibly important and goes beyond just helping them learn to drive and choosing the right college. But teaching life skills doesn’t have to be difficult. There are a few things you can do to help get them ready for the real world.
Teach Financial Independence and Start Early!
One of the most important lessons that you child needs to learn is how to manage their own finances. This doesn’t have to wait until they are about to leave the nest, though. According to financial educator Ken Damato , the summer is one of the best times to teach your child how to manage finances—and the younger you start, the better. One thing you can do to start teaching your kids how to manage their money is to create a family match plan for savings—meaning that if your child saves a certain amount in a year you will promise to match it. This will encourage them to think about investing and how it may be unwise to spend their money on things that won’t be around in a year.
Credit cards will lurk around every corner once your child is 18. This can be a huge help in paying for college, but it can also quickly become a problem, landing your child thousands of dollars in debt in many cases. One of the best ways to teach your child about credit is to get them a prepaid card. Unlike a credit card, there is no interest charged and your teen can’t spend more than what is on the card.
If they want to spend more, help them find a summer job. Babysitting and mowing lawns can teach them the value of a dollar, but it is important that you help them learn how to save and how to avoid frivolous spending and relying on credit. Discuss all of the benefits of saving and investing and create an open dialogue if they want to talk about a big purchase they may want to make. Discuss why it is important to pay bills first and then budget the rest.
Teach How to Handle Health.
Whether it is health insurance or car insurance, chances are your teen doesn’t understand why health and insurance is important. After all, these have just been something they have always had in most cases. With all of the changes due to the Affordable Care Act and all of the tax paperwork that insurance requires, making sure your teen fully understands how to sign up is important—they are only allowed on a parent’s policy until they are 26. If they are an older teen, walk them through how to read a health insurance policy, or how to find answers to questions they may have. Let them call and speak with their car insurance representative so that they understand how it works.
Another way that you can help your child become independent when they are younger is by letting them make their own doctors’ appointments and other small health care steps. According to KidsHealth.org , a great way to let them start taking responsibility is to start by talking about medical topics and having them call the pharmacy to refill their own prescriptions. It is also important to give them time alone with their doctors—especially during puberty since they might have embarrassing questions. While you are at the doctor, explain what medical records are and as your teen grows up, explain how they can get their records and how to keep track of their records. This can save them a lot of hassle when they are older.
Let Your Teens Make the Calls.
It may seem a little obvious, but sometimes having your teen make the phone calls for themselves when they need something—whether it be a question about their savings account or making an appointment for a haircut—can prepare them for adulthood. In today’s digital age, young people tend to want to do everything over the internet, however there is a value to speaking with someone face to face or over the phone when there is a problem. Having your child understand this, and encouraging them to make the calls themselves, will teach them to think for themselves and will teach them how to solve problems without panicking or calling you in tears every time they don’t understand a charge on their bank account.
Another way that letting your teen make the phone calls can help is that it teaches them to be accountable for their actions. According to Psychology Today , if a teen has to solve problems themselves it will help them stay away from those mistakes in the future—be it an overdraft fee or forgetting to pay a phone bill. The more responsible they are for both paying their own bills and solving their own problems before they leave the house, the easier it will be for them once they are out on their own.
As always, the key to teaching you teen how to take care of themselves is communication. If they understand why this is so important to learn now, and if they feel that you are open to hearing what they have to say, they are less likely to become frustrated or to stop listening. Build their trust and they will surprise you.
For more information and tips on preparing your kids for independence, visit TBParenting.com | <urn:uuid:b259b804-b75c-4fde-a055-2aa2a6d5828b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://angelaardolino.com/teaching-teens-people-skills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975764 | 1,162 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Subtitle All you need to know in one concise manual - An introduction to the Japanese art of shinrin-yoku - A practical guide to connecting with a forest environment - The perfect antidote to a hectic lifestyle
Description Description At times of stress, getting out into the natural environment works wonders: it is widely acknowledged to have a calming effect on us both physically and mentally. In Japan, they have a special term for this: shinrin yoku, ‘forest bathing’. In this book, Sarah Devos and Katriina Kilpi – true forest fanatics – explain just what forest bathing involves.
They provide specific advice on how to approach the concept: exactly where you should be, the best times to choose, all the things you can expect to experience, and so on. All this plus easily achieved hands-on assignments, space in which to note down your observations, and tips on how to integrate the forest even more deeply into your everyday life. | <urn:uuid:efc7662c-cbfb-439d-8cc9-e789154baa31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://quartoknows.com/books/9781785217364/forest-bathing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91928 | 197 | 2.046875 | 2 |
22 Mar 2022 - 16:37
The three co-authors of the study in the facility that houses the zebrafish. From left to right: Yutaka Kojima, Mai Ahmed, Ichiro Masai. The image was published in the press release, "...
22 Mar 2022 - 16:33
Strip1 is essential for the survival of retinal ganglion cells, which are required to form the correct retinal pattern. In the absence of Strip1, retinal ganglion cells die, and other neurons take...
22 Mar 2022 - 16:26
The eye works by focusing light on the back of the eye, which contains light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors. This activates electric signals, which are transmitted through the layers of...
10 Mar 2022 - 01:00
When light is shone on a semiconducting material, the particles of light interact with the material’s electrons (shown here in blue). This causes the electrons to jump to a higher energy level. Each...
9 Mar 2022 - 17:14
Mr. Yoshiaki Ishii (right) received top prize in the Green Startup Pitch from Mr. Yasushi Hosaka, the Parliamentary Secretary for Environment of Japan (center).
18 Feb 2022 - 13:26
Paul, co-founder of RyuDyn, demonstrates the use of his prototype AI microscope.
18 Feb 2022 - 11:56
At OIST, Paul Hsieh Fu Tsai has developed a prototype of an AI cytoscope – a microscope that uses artificial intelligence to automate imaging and analysis of cells.
18 Feb 2022 - 11:37
Paul Hsieh Fu Tsai, co-founder of OIST-grown start-up company, RyuDyn.
16 Feb 2022 - 17:58
Olivia Lukyanova, Oleg Nikitin and Alex Kunin, co-founders of KanjuBot.
16 Feb 2022 - 08:45
Uncut, intact animal through post-amputation and regenerated status, which showed a new head (G) approaching final size to match original body is attached to original anterior cut stump. Arrowheads...
15 Feb 2022 - 09:00
A schematic depicting the models used in this work to simulate growth from grains that are seeded on substrates before growth. The researchers looked at the growth of both closed films and porous...
9 Feb 2022 - 10:00
Eli Lyons, Co-founder and CEO of GenomeMiner. This image appeared in the article “OIST-based biotech start-up achieves major milestones in first year in Okinawa”. | <urn:uuid:fa9b0644-796b-4ec7-8741-39db5b74b8eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oist.jp/image-elements/orientation-landscape?page=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.901297 | 597 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Noble Mineral deficiencies are not always associated with a soil deficiency.
We can be deficient of select minerals from exposure to many other products, drugs and chemicals.
Here are a few examples:
- Certain food preservatives can leach Molybdenum, Silver and Platinum
- High protein can displace copper
- Fluoride will displace Iodine
- Antacids can prevent cobalt conversions to B-12
- Certain sodas will strip Magnesium
Delivering Noble Mineral Nutrition for Health
Enhancing the Nutritional Benefits of Plants
By placing much needed noble minerals in our lab-tested soils, the herbs and vegetables are enhanced with these minerals as they grow, therefore making it safe for humans to consume. We have created lab tested, natural food products from these herbs and vegetables to help combat many of the diseases associated with deficiencies. Learn more about our products here. | <urn:uuid:027cdc1b-15b6-4d22-96e9-32c5030da53a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturallynoble.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911825 | 184 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Ken Burns’ new Hemingway documentary doesn’t give you a reason to read Hemingway
In 1924 the critic Edmund Wilson did what critics are known to do on occasion: He heralded the arrival of a stunning new voice in American fiction. Reviewing Ernest Hemingway’s first two books, “Three Stories and Ten Poems” and “In Our Time,” Wilson celebrated the early short stories of a Midwestern-bred newspaperman who’d served in the Great War. His work was straightforward without being naive, Wilson wrote, clear-eyed without being didactic, precise about matters of war and foreign lands, pioneering in how deeply he got into the heads of his characters. “It is,” Wilson announced, “a distinctively American development.”
The template was set for Hemingway’s literary identity for decades to come: two-fisted, intrepid and unvarnished. That’s largely the story that gets told in “Hemingway,” a six-hour, three-part documentary by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick that premieres Monday on PBS. The directors ably capture the high points of the writer’s life and career: Midwestern upbringing, journalism, war service, literary fame, romantic failures, fishing, drinking, Nobel, more drinking, decline, self-inflicted gunshot wound in Ketchum, Idaho, in 1961. They make the case for a great American life, with all the familiar comforts of a Burns production — slow pans across sepia-toned photos, sober narration (by Peter Coyote) and avuncular talking heads.
What they don’t do is make a case for him as a great American writer. That’s a harder task these days.
Reading Hemingway in 2021, nearly a century after Wilson launched him, can feel more like an archivist’s duty than engagement with a vibrant literary force. Some of the reasons for that are of the #CancelPapa variety: invocations of the N-word and macho heroes lamenting the “bitchery” of the women around them. And for all his far-flung experiences in the Caribbean, Europe and Africa — worked into stories and reportage that now carry a whiff of outdated exoticism — he could be thematically one-note. So many of his stories turn on his manly protagonists soggily discovering that they’re vulnerable or trying not to admit that they are. (“I feel as though everything has gone to hell inside of me. I don’t know, Marge.”)
Yet Hemingway’s obsolescence isn’t just a matter of cultural politics; it’s a consequence of his success. Literary culture has so deeply sublimated what’s meaningful about Hemingway, and expanded beyond it, that it hardly requires Hemingway himself.
The theme of brooding masculinity, first presented to a shell-shocked society in a time of World Wars, is now just one of many traumas writers are free to explore. His vaunted baby-shoes-never-worn simplicity is valuable — Joan Didion famously taught herself to write by copying his stories. But rigorous simplicity isn’t always the exemplar of great writing. (Among Papa’s contemporaries, wooly William Faulkner’s stock is much higher at the moment.) As for his cultural tourism, global literature now offers us what he couldn’t — the view from inside. No need to wait on a sermonizing dispatch from the Great American Lion of Letters.
Presumably, Burns and Novick disagree. (A companion anthology for the series, “The Hemingway Stories,” was published last month.) But while nobody could’ve expected “Hemingway” to go deep on literary criticism, it’s surprising how little the documentary attempts to advocate on behalf of Hemingway as a writer or to argue why we might read him today.
This is partly a function of the commentators assembled. Biographers and literary historians abound, but the most enthusiastic advocate for Hemingway’s 1940 novel of the Spanish Civil War, “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” is the late Sen. John McCain, who modeled himself on the novel’s hero, Robert Jordan. The fiction writers who appear — among them Tobias Wolff, Mario Vargas Llosa, Edna O’Brien and Abraham Verghese — are somber and sometimes ambivalent about Hemingway’s work. (Llosa cackles at a sex scene in “Tolls”; O’Brien dismisses “The Old Man and the Sea.”) If any writers have emerged in the past three decades who claim Hemingway as a key inspiration, Burns and Novick didn’t put them in front of a camera.
One reason may be that despite the supposed timelessness of his prose, Hemingway’s style was largely the product of a particular Modernist moment. As the documentary notes, he was part of a movement that often prized obscurity — Ezra Pound’s gnomic poems, Gertrude Stein’s redundant prose — and gave it a more colloquial, less artsy feel. Unlike James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, his early plots were decidedly low-concept, dealing in domestic dramas in Michigan or bitter warfare in Europe. His directness, along with his sense of characters’ subjectivity, felt new in the era following Henry James and Theodore Dreiser. (This was the “distinctly American development” Edmund Wilson was talking about.)
And now? Telling an aspiring writer to privilege crisp dialogue and an interior sense of character is like insisting toddlers study cuneiform before learning their ABCs. It’s a sensibility baked into American literature, and Hemingway’s oeuvre isn’t necessarily the best place to learn it. Think of a story like “Big Two Hearted River,” in which the trauma Nick Adams feels after a wildfire and the loss of a friend is heavily suppressed; instead, Hemingway unspools an overextended yarn about the revivifying power of nature, with an affected Stein-for-dummies rhythm. (“He was sleepy. He felt sleep coming. He curled up under the blanket and went to sleep.”) Hemingway used those loping beats at climactic moments in his novels, but they can often feel like forced melodrama. For all its vaunted simplicity, a hallmark of much of Hemingway’s work is bloat.
The story of American literature in the last half-century has been about getting out from Papa’s shadow. The ’60s brought a candor about sex — not to mention humor — that often escaped Hemingway. The dirty realists of the ’70s and ’80s shaved off the repetition and sharpened the domestic drama. Toni Morrison expanded the rhetorical gambits available for writing about the Midwest; Cormac McCarthy did as much for the Southwest. The closest thing we have to a prominent “Hemingwayesque” author today is Dave Eggers, who deployed that clipped-yet-redundant style in novels like “A Hologram for the King” and “The Circle.” But as a stylist, he’s an island unto himself.
When the documentary does directly engage with Hemingway’s writing, it celebrates his sentences, not the breadth of his work or depth of his themes. Which may be the best way to think about him now. His sentences are often perfect brushstrokes. The exchange in “Indian Camp” between the doctor and his son, who’s just witnessed death for the first time. (“Is dying hard, Daddy?” “No, I think it’s pretty easy, Nick. It all depends.”) A woman’s agonized demand in “Hills Like White Elephants” that goes off like a bomb blast: “Would you please please please please please please please stop talking?” The beautifully calibrated, nearly biblical decline of the stubborn fisherman in “The Old Man and the Sea,” as a curtain slowly falls over his life’s labors: “In the dark now and no glow showing and no lights and only the wind and the steady pull of the sail he felt that perhaps he was already dead.”
Hemingway strove to write “one true sentence,” he once said. It’s clear what that meant for him, and he often achieved it. But other writers have found other, better ways to write sentences and other, better ways to be true.
In “The Cold Millions,” the novelist takes on proletarian lit, and honors his hometown, in the story of labor activists in early 20th century Spokane, Washington.
Athitakis is a writer in Phoenix and author of “The New Midwest.”
When: 8 p.m. Monday-Wednesday
Rating: TV-14-L (may be unsuitable for children younger than 14, with an advisory for coarse language)
Love a good book?
Get the latest news, events and more from the Los Angeles Times Book Club, and help us get L.A. reading and talking.
You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. | <urn:uuid:b6e44f26-00fb-4de2-9a0a-8f84aa008038> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/books/story/2021-04-05/ken-burns-hemingway-documentary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952704 | 2,032 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Hopefully, dear readers, you’ve all been able to enjoy a few laughs at some of the home-schooling memes making waves this week as parents struggle to balance a work-from-home schedule while tending to the needs of kids who are home from school. Many families around the globe are hunkered down in an effort to flatten the curve. Naturally, with millions of people practicing physical distancing, human beings are relying on social media platforms to stay connected.
As a result, cybersecurity teams are under increased stress as they deal with the challenges of an increased remote workforce. All the while, hackers are also leveraging social media to spread their disinformation campaigns and doubling down on phishing scams. According to Bloomberg headlines, State media and pro-Kremlin actors in Russia are distributing fake news in a campaign, “designed to exacerbate confusion, panic and fear.” In response, the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre has ramped up its efforts to hunt down these threats, and companies like Cyber Risk Aware are stepping up to the challenge and offering free COVID-19 phishing tests for businesses.
Let’s take a look at other cybersecurity headlines from this week.
Mar. 20: In an effort to educate the influx of remote workers, the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre issued data protection guidance, encouraging employers to develop written documents for all existing applications as well as new software that staff will be using.
Mar. 19: Politico reported, “The Trump administration wants at least four agencies to get tens of millions of dollars for cybersecurity as part of its $48 billion coronavirus emergency funding request, but it inexplicably does not seek money for that purpose for CISA, the agency responsible for providing cybersecurity tools to federal agencies.”
Mar. 19: “The cybercrime groups behind two of the most prolific ransomware threats have issued statements that they will not attack healthcare and medical targets during the coronavirus crisis,” according to Forbes.
Mar. 19: VPN providers have seen a significant spike in usage, with Atlas VPN reporting “an increase in traffic of anywhere from 9% to 112% in the past week in the seven countries hardest hit outside of China: Italy, Iran, South Korea, Spain, Germany, France, and the United States,” according to Dark Reading.
Mar. 18: HBO released a new documentary titled “After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News” that examines the consequences of disinformation campaigns.
Mar. 17: CSO Online compiled a list of “10 security companies that have made bold moves in the past year and have taken power positions within the cybersecurity community.”
Mar. 16: Threatpost reported, “An attack that uses homographic characters to impersonate domain names and launch convincing but malicious websites takes minutes and a bare modicum of skill—while reaping high rates of success in luring victims, according to an independent researcher.” | <urn:uuid:ad4236bd-5f3e-4ccf-9a90-16911847d5b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rsaconference.com/library/blog/weekly-news-roundup-march-16-20-2020 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948839 | 610 | 1.960938 | 2 |
In March, the nonprofit Business Education Alliance commissioned PARCA to provide research describing the unprecedented challenges and opportunities in education faced by the state in this moment.
For more than a year, schools have coped with the Covid-19 pandemic: reshuffled learning environments, the unknowns of delivering education digitally, and the disruptive and unequal effects that those conditions have had on student learning.
Meanwhile, the schools are working to meet the demands of the Alabama Literacy Act, the 2019 law that requires all children to be reading at grade level by the end of third grade in order to be promoted.
At the same time though, to meet those daunting challenges, the state and federal governments are making an unprecedented amount of money available. For that investment to pay off, the money must be spent with care and forethought if Alabama is to seize this generational opportunity,
Read the full Business Education Alliance report here: Stop the Slide, Start the Climb: Concepts to Enable Alabama Students to Achieve Their Fullest Potential | <urn:uuid:dfa51a08-87fb-4b78-b2ea-df3c1a21ae9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://parcalabama.org/stop-the-slide-start-the-climb-concepts-to-enable-alabama-students-to-achieve-their-fullest-potential/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949134 | 205 | 1.945313 | 2 |
3D Printable Shell of an Old TV
This model is a 3d scanned copy of an old TV. I think this one is a Russian model. The TV has a handle on the upper side just like a suitcase. This model can be used for decoration. Texture is available.
From Wiki: The TV is a device that combines a tuner, display, and speakers for the purpose of viewing television. Television sets became a popular consumer product after the Second World War, using vacuum tubes and cathode ray tube displays. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first generation of home computers. | <urn:uuid:cf01ea2c-9d9c-492f-abeb-d253e234d096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.threeding.com/3d-model/213-old-tv-set | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952227 | 154 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Facts to know about Radon:
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Surgeon General’s Office have estimated that as many as 20,000 lung cancer deaths are caused each year by radon.
- Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer.
- Radon-induced lung cancer costs the United States over $2 billion dollars per year in both direct and indirect health care costs. (Based on National Cancer Institute statistics of 14,400 annual radon lung cancer deaths – Oster, Colditz & Kelley, 1984)
- According to the US EPA, nearly 1 in 3 homes checked in seven states and on three Indian lands had screening levels over 4 pCi/L, the EPA’s recommended action level for radon exposure.
How to Prepare for a Radon Test
Mold Inspection Facts
Mold Fact #1
Indoor molds destroy the materials that they feed on. This includes, bathroom walls, carpets, insulation, and ceiling.
Mold Fact #2
Exposure to high concentrations of certain molds creates health problems. When this is the case inside a home, the area must be completely removed. The reason being is because mold is like a cancer, unless it is dealt with and completely removed, it will continue to grow. The only way to have success in dealing with mold is to eradicate it.
Do you do VA Pest & Termite Inspections?
Yes, this is one of our specialties. Sales to VA buyers and VA refinances in Ohio usually require a wood destroying insect inspection. It can be difficult to find people who are licensed to do wood destroying insect inspections that don’t also offer treatment. We feel that this is a conflict of interest. We offer an unbiased inspection only.
What are Wood Destroying Organisms & Insects?
Wood destroying organisms & pests come in a variety of species and types. These insects and organisms are attracted to moisture and damp wood. Termites are the common type and are sometimes used synonymously with wood destroying organisms and insects.
What are signs of a Termite infestation?
- Small, pin size holes in drywall or wood
- Crumbling and/or damaged floors
- Fish-scale like wings left in and around the home
- Mounds of dry wood termite pellets
- Excessively squeaky floorboards
- Termite shelter tubes
- Audible tapping noise in heavily infested places
- Sagging floors or hollow wood
When should I get a Termite Inspection?
If you suspect there has been past or present water damage in the home or have seen any of the above symptoms.
What DIY remedies can I try to treat termites?
The best cure for termites and other wood destroying pests is prevention. Termites thrive in moist environments and like areas where wood is in direct contact with moist dirt. Preventing moisture dirt from being in direct contact with siding and sheathing on the home as well as posts is a good place to start. If there is an infestation it is best to bring in a qualified professional as the commercially available products are known to be significantly more effective than what is available at the store.
Click here to add your own text | <urn:uuid:25448afa-e4f2-4021-9fc0-dc87c2c4069c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mdahi.com/inspection-faqs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943923 | 682 | 2.75 | 3 |
Although many of the incidents that today’s media portray as racist do fall within the category set forth in the Penal Code, the present definition does not delineate clear boundaries. It is a frequent cause of confusion and inconsistency, and hampers the formulation of commonly accepted criteria for quantifying the phenomenon and assessing its scope. Moreover, it could potentially cause real damage to Israel and its citizens on two planes – international and domestic:
1. On the international plane – defamation of Israel in the eyes of other peoples and of Diaspora Jewry.
Many of those involved in the study of racism agree that “racism” is not an objective term with clear boundaries, but rather a vague, emotionally and politically-charged term that is frequently used to censure, to shape policy and public opinion, and to construct social relations. The term’s power in political discourse is not connected merely to historical memory, but also to other aspects of the discourse, including human rights and social inequality.21 Racism is an illegitimate phenomenon, one that contradicts democratic and liberal values; it cannot be justified. The main argument is that racism discourse oversimplifies the complex problems that shape Israeli reality and, in the hands of certain organizations, serves as a powerful tool for de-legitimizing Israel in the international arena.
The change in the discourse on racism in Israel has been influenced both by internal trends – the internal Israeli debate on the phenomenon of racism in Israel, and by external trends – the international debate on the racism attributed to Israelis, which traces its lineage at least as far back as 1975 and UN Resolution 3379 (although this resolution was rescinded 16 years later, it had already become embedded in UN discourse) – the public and the establishment – toward various groups in the population.22
This change in internal Israeli discourse was deeply influenced by the global discourse, which in those years also widened. However, while in many other countries the discourse served mainly in the internal sphere, in the same terms in which the organizations that adopted the Israeli discourse thought – that is to say, with the aim of advancing democratic and liberal values – in Israel, which has been in an existential conflict for many years, this discourse also served as a deliberate strategy and as an additional tool to undermine and damage Israel’s legitimacy, values and the fact of its existence.
Various entities hostile to Israel throughout the world have acted to exploit the inherent vagueness of the term “racism” and its great political power to broaden the phenomenon beyond reasonable and normative proportions as part of a wider campaign to damage Israel’s moral image.
Conjecture that this is a deliberate strategy, is confirmed by the words of the Fatah’s representative in Lebanon, published in September 2010 in the Al-Hayat Al-Jadida newspaper: “Israel will not be defeated in one blow, but through the accumulation of Palestinian achievements and struggles – like in South Africa – to isolate Israel, tighten the noose around its neck, threaten its legitimacy, and present it as a rebellious and racist state” [our emphasis].
Thus, racism is not a neutral term but one that carries a powerful charge, with an embedded ideology, worldview, and political agenda. Its power derives from its use as a code word for colonialism and the exploitative power dynamics that have been part and parcel of relations between privileged main cultures (white colonizers) and minority groups (colonized people of color). Ultimately, its truck is in its associative power, its implicit historical reference to institutionalized involuntary servitude and subservience, and its subversive binary reduction of human beings into two classes: masters and slaves, oppressors and victims.
Racism is an especially loaded opprobrium to American ears because of the centrality of racial narratives in U.S. history (both in terms of African-Americans and Native Americans). American Jews take pride in their historical association with the civil rights movement, and their liberal credentials generally. Much discussion has been given to what some have called a “distancing” of American Jews from Israel (particularly the younger generation). While the nature of this “distancing” phenomenon is still very much tied to conjecture, we would suggest that the conflation of America’s ongoing racial difficulties with the Israel-Palestine conflict has exacerbated it. The plight of the Palestinians was highlighted in the recent racial protests in Ferguson, New York, Baltimore, and elsewhere. (See the chapter “U.S. College Campuses and Israel De-Legitimization – in Perspective” in this Annual Assessment.)
In contrast, the concept of “prejudice,” which according to the classic definition of American psychologist Gordon Allport describes very similar, sometimes even identical phenomena, is a softer term, which assumes that the phenomena described are correctable, and that circumstances – in the Israeli context, for example, the continued struggle with the Arab world, have a great influence on it.
The comparison and identification of Zionism and Israel with the sins of the 20th century, among them colonialism and racism, may appear to match the values accepted in the entire Western world, including in Israel where voices of denunciation are also heard, and where there is also a broad public prepared to accept the discourse proposed from outside, even when racism isn’t actually involved.
2. The Internal Israeli Debate
The debate in the international arena is not the only one in which, because of careless use of the term racism, the damage is greater than the benefit. In the domestic arena too – in the internal Israeli debate, this discussion has important ramifications. Referring to a wide variety of phenomena under the heading “racism” empties the discussion of meaning and specificity. In many cases it prevents us from reaching the root of the phenomenon under discussion, and thus hobbles the complexity of a specific incident, or the factors and motives that led to it. Grouping different cases, regardless of both causation and target, under the imprecise linguistic umbrella “racism,” leads to merely cosmetic or partial solutions. | <urn:uuid:5ce18a18-536a-47ea-a890-02b8fa52f718> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jppi.org.il/en/article/english-language-as-a-tool-for-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95753 | 1,252 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Industrial peanut roasting facility discharge problem.
Everyone knows that the elements can do damage to your roof over time. Things like rain and snow and ice could cause significant problems to roofing systems that aren’t installed properly, or do not have a satisfactory positive drainage system. However, chemicals and oil discharges through ventilation equipment mounted on the roof cause their own brand of damage to your roofing membrane. Contaminants on the roof can be difficult to spot, so we’ve broken down how to see them, and what you can do to stop grease and oil from compromising your membranes in the future.
How Contaminants Get To The Roof
The most common cause of roof contaminants that we have found is poor exhaust maintenance. Many kinds of exhaust vents are used in different establishments in order to rid the air of contaminants, but if the exhaust vents and specifically internal filters are not cleaned regularly and properly, it’s possible for some of that discharge to end up on the roof, causing major damage and even creating a fire hazard.
Effects of Oil & Grease
According to T.E.S Engineering, “when fatty acids from cooking fats, oils, and grease come in contact with a roofing system it causes most roofs to soften, delaminate, blister or crack.”
Unprotected membranes can experience degradation around the exhaust vents, and could potentially even cause premature deterioration failing of the roofing system. If that wasn’t reason enough to be concerned, grease on roofing membranes is a fire hazard, and could impact or even void your insurance policy if you don’t have specific coverage for grease damage.
Effects of Other Contaminants
Excessive bird and raccoon droppings can also cause a degradation of the roofing membranes, according to www.asphaltroofing.org, “due to the bacteria and acidity in the droppings.” If this is something that is occurring on your rooftop, there are solutions! Regular cleaning can alleviate this kind of problem, as well as protect the bacteria from eating away into your roofing membrane.
Chemical irritants that are coming through ventilation and exhaust equipment can also have a negative affect on your roofing membrane (things like solvents, acids, and oxidizing agents). There are some chemical discharges we have observed that cause corrosion to metal surfaces both above and below the roof substrate. This corrosion leads to premature roofing problems so it is crucial to check with your roofing professional to ascertain the steps needed to protect your investment.
How To Spot Roofing Contaminants
Roofing contaminants can usually be spotted most easily around exhaust vents. If you notice any sort of buildup around the exhaust systems, you should immediately check your ducts to ensure that there are no blockages coming from the inside. Doing routine maintenance inspections of the roof is also a good idea if this sort of debris is found. An expert can assess if the damage is something to be concerned about, or if the leakage is new and still superficial. Notice the ponding of grease at the bottom of the ventilation system in the image below. This will affect the integrity of the roof over time.
How to Repair Contaminant Damage
For Oil And Grease
If contaminants from oil and grease are not severe, it is possible to install a apply specific protective layer compatible with the existing membrane roof coatings that would mitigate future damage. However, the most important thing you can do to protect your investment is to invest in commercially available traps or filters for oil and grease contaminant control. If the contamination damage is minor, it may not have affected your membrane yet. Talk to your roofing contractor to assess the damage.
Depending on the chemical contaminant on the roof, and the severity of the damage, your contractor might recommend localized roof membrane repairs to protect your roof from further damage. That being said, this is only an option if the underlying structures of your roof are still sound. If there is underlying damage, a more extensive repair may be in order.
There are certain building uses that give rise to other types of discharges including lint from clothing and fabrics. This is also an issue with laundry dryer vents that get plugged solid with lint. The lint discharge can give rise to further problems with roof membranes if it is not cleaned in a timely manner.
How To Stop Future Damage:
- Set up a system of routine roofing maintenance to check on the health of your roofing membrane, and ensure that ventilation and exhaust equipment is working as it should.
2. Establish a positive drainage system. Positive drainage is crucial for any roofing system, but is even more important when contaminants come into play. We recommend at least ¼ per foot of slope. You can read more about positive drainage and how it works here!
3. Consider localized repairs in areas where your roofing membrane is encountering contaminants.
4. Create an exhaust maintenance schedule to ensure that ventilation and exhaust equipment are working optimally
5. If you’re in need of a repair or replacement, give your roofing contractor a detailed list of the potential contaminants for the roof, which will help to ascertain exactly which materials will work best for your specific needs.
Contaminants on your roof can be a serious problem that affects your membrane over time. If you suspect there is a contaminant issue on your roof, don’t wait; contact a professional to assess the damage. The team at Elite Roofing has over 50 years of experience assessing damage and creating a system that works for the health of your roof and your budget. Contact us here today! Or, if you have questions, chat using the box below during working hours. | <urn:uuid:681b3a36-8bd1-4bfc-a4aa-4ef87c166b88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eliteroofing.com/grease-and-oil-spills-degrade-roofing-membranes-what-can-you-do-to-prevent-future-damages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929044 | 1,174 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Japan and the economics of natural disaster
The economics of disaster predicts Japan's growth rate will eventually return to trend, but will not compensate for its vast losses
By W.W. | IOWA CITY
JAPAN is in tragic disarray after last week's massive earthquake and subsequent tsunami. Nature may be cruelly unpredictable, but people are just cruel. Every time there is a catastrophe abroad, American opinionators use the prospect of reconstruction as an opportunity to conduct a proxy debate over fiscal stimulus and economic fundamentals. So, like clockwork, some benighted folks started talking up the potential economic gains from Japan's disaster, causing a rubber ball to fall down a tube into a pail, which overflowed, splling water down a chute, which turned a little water-wheel, which rang a little bell, startling libertarian economics professors into lecturing us about "the broken windows fallacy".
Now, I believe the fallacy is indeed a fallacy, and I find the idea that Japan might somehow gain from this bout of terrifying havoc and mass death both ridiculous and disgustingly Panglossian. But, really, this isn't about us, and I've grown weary of playing a part in the rote broken-windows Punch and Judy show. Much more pertinent and interesting is the fascinating, lively, empirically-informed academic literature on the economic effects of disasters, which I was reading up on last night. Alas, the New York Times' Binyamin Appelbaum beat me to the punch, providing a short overview of some recent research that finds that disasters have no long-term affect on GDP. This excellent 2008 Boston Globe article by Drake Bennett offers a more comprehensive summary.
By far the boldest claim, advanced in this 2002 paper by Mark Skidmore of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater and Hideki Toya of Nagoya City University in Japan, is that some disasters can boost GDP by forcing upgrades in technology and infrastructure, and offering the opportunity for critical reappraisal of ingrained modes of economic activity, leading to a higher level of productivity and, eventually, to net gains in growth. They find that this holds for some weather-related disasters, but not for geological disasters. They find persistent, long-run negative effects for geological catastrophe, suggesting any upside from Japan's earthquake and tsunami is unlikely. The argument of this paper, which is as strong as the disaster-bonus case gets, is a touchstone for a good deal of later research.
On the whole, the disaster lit says that the growth effect of disasters depends. Poor countries with weak institutions rocked by calamity may lack the material resources and organisational wherewithal to get back to the status quo ante, inwhich case the disaster is likely to have profoundly negative long-term effects. (Think Haiti.) As one would expect, rich countries with high-quality institutions and populations with high levels of human and social capital recover more quickly, and are most likely to intelligently allocate resources toward improvements over lost capital stock and infrastructure. (Think Japan.) But, of course, recovery from a disaster that kills a huge number of highly-skilled people cannot be accomplished by simply replacing the dead with newer, more highly-skilled models. And, not surprisingly, the scale of the disaster matters. The bigger the human and economic loss, the longer it takes to return back to trend.
So far, this 2010 paper on "Catastrophic Natural Disasters and Economic Growth" by Eduardo Cavallo, Ilan Noy, Sebastian Galiani, and Juan Pantano is the best I have found. Comparing the actual growth path of a large number of disaster-beset countries with carefully-estimated counterfactual, disaster-free growth paths, the authors find that:
[O]nly very large natural disasters followed by radical political revolution show long-lasting negative economic effects on economic growth. Even very large natural disasters, when not followed by disruptive political reforms that alter the economic system, including the system or property rights, do not display significant effects on economic growth. ...
Thus, we conclude that unless a natural disaster triggers a radical political revolution; it is unlikely to affect economic growth. Of course, this conclusion does not neglect the direct cost of natural disasters such as the lives lost and the costs of reconstruction that often are quite large.
There is every reason to believe Japan will eventually fully recover economically. Eventually. I highlight the last sentence in the pasage above to emphasize that the return to trend economic growth does not compensate for the direct human and economic loss created by the disaster. In the case of Japan, the final toll will be immense. The unofficial death toll is up to 10,000, and more than 15,000 people remain unaccounted for. Economists at Barclays have estimated the loss at 15 trillion yen, or about $186 billion—about 3% of Japanese GDP. And the costs of the ongoing knock-on disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant remain unclear. This is horrific pure loss at a sickening scale. There is no silver lining in this.
UPDATE: Ilan Noy, an economics professor at the University of Hawaii and one of the authors of the paper cited above, offers a helpful summary of the state of play in the economics of disaster at the Econbrowser blog.
Thinning out the field of Democrats could focus minds on the way to Iowa’s caucuses
Matt Bevin, the unpopular incumbent, hopes to survive a formidable challenge by aligning himself with the president
The gerrymandering fix could help Democrats keep the House in 2020 | <urn:uuid:28951563-f2aa-4ab9-bd71-4ab22542a8d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2011/03/16/japan-and-the-economics-of-natural-disaster | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933071 | 1,138 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Did you know that Canada Post and the Canadian Union of Postal Workers have been in contract negotiations since late 2015 to reach a new agreement? Already some of Canada Post’s biggest customers, including the federal government, are being told to make contingency plans ahead of a possible contract dispute with workers this summer. According to a CBC News Report on May 27, Jon Hamilton, a spokesman for Canada Post stated, “while the corporation is not trying to be alarmist, it has decided to inform some key clients about the possible service disruption.” Continue reading
On March 31, 2014, businesses sending cheques will see their costs for stamps increase by between 19-35%. The price of stamps and cheque related fees are constantly increasing, so the announcement of a price increase did not come as a surprise. What was surprising was the dramatic increase of stamps – as much as $1.00 when purchasing a single stamp.
The good news is that for businesses already sending electronic payments there will be no cost impact on their business. On the other hand businesses using regular mail will see a dramatic cost increase. | <urn:uuid:1aad44ad-8998-4ebf-ab76-2ed3998ea761> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.telpay.ca/tag/canada-post/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979469 | 223 | 1.5625 | 2 |
NEW YORK -- A self-reported history of psoriasis doubled the odds for clinical depression, making a case for depression screening in all patients with psoriasis, an analysis of a national database showed.
People with a history of psoriasis had a depression prevalence of 16.5% compared with 8.9% among individuals with a no history of psoriasis. Severity of psoriasis did not significantly influence the likelihood of depression.
More people with psoriasis had a history of cardiovascular events, which also increased the odds of depression. However, a positive history of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) did not alter the depression risk associated with psoriasis, as reported here at the American Academy of Dermatology summer meeting.
"This is a quality-of-life issue," Roger S. Ho, MD, of NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City, told MedPage Today. "It is important for dermatologists and other medical providers to be aware of this association between psoriasis and depression, such that they can counsel their patients appropriately and to foster compliance with psoriasis medication, as well as early detection and medical intervention for any depressive symptoms."
Dermatologists and other nonmental health providers can screen for depression in psoriasis patients using the two-question PHQ2 depression survey, he added.
Psoriasis has an established association with psychiatric morbidity, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Some evidence suggests that patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of depression and suicidal ideation as compared with people who do not have psoriasis.
Because depression can impair quality of life and increase the risk of all-cause mortality, justification exists to identify depression in patients with psoriasis, Ho and colleagues noted. Identifiable risk factors for depression in psoriasis -- including psoriasis severity -- have received little attention in the medical literature, and studies have yielded conflicting findings regarding the association between psoriasis and psychiatric illness, in general.
Moreover, both depression and psoriasis are associated with cardiovascular events, potentially confounding efforts to determine more precisely the relationship between psoriasis and depression.
In an effort to clarify the relationship between psoriasis and depression, Ho and colleagues analyzed data collected from 2009 through 2012 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The data, collected from a representative sample of households in the U.S., involved 12,382 adults, 351 (2.83%) of whom reported a history of psoriasis.
A subset of patients who reported a history of psoriasis provided additional information about the severity of their disease, which the investigators categorized as limited or extensive.
The NHANES survey included the nine-question PHQ9 depression questionnaire. Respondents rated each item on the questionnaire from 0 to 3, and a summed score ≥10 on the PHQ9 was considered diagnostic for depression.
Overall, NHANES respondents with a history of psoriasis had an odds ratio for depression (defined as PHQ9 score ≥10) that was double that of the respondents without psoriasis (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.41-3.11, P<0.001). Respondents with psoriasis had a mean PHQ9 score of 4.54 compared with 3.22 for respondents without psoriasis (P=0.001).
Severity of psoriasis (limited vs extensive) did not significantly affect the odds for depression (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.18-2.44, P=0.53).
The NHANES data showed that significantly more patients with psoriasis reported a history of coronary artery disease (8.4% vs 3.7%, P<0.001) and MI (7.5% vs 3.8%, P=0.002). Both MI (OR 2.24, P<0.001) and stroke (OR 1.83, P=0.002) increased the odds for depression, but interaction analysis showed that neither type of cardiovascular event altered the relationship between psoriasis and depression. Ho and colleagues acknowledged that few patients reported a positive history of both psoriasis and MI or stroke, which limited the statistical power to test for interaction.
Among other limitations of the analysis, the NHANES data did not allow the investigators to determine the temporal relationship between depression and psoriasis or to determine the location of psoriatic lesions, a potential confounding factor in the relationship between psoriasis severity and depression.
"To our knowledge, this is the first study examining such adjusted association between psoriasis and depression in a cohort representative of the U.S. population," Ho and colleagues concluded.
Ho and colleagues disclosed no relevant relationships with industry.
American Academy of Dermatology Summer Academy Meeting | <urn:uuid:45a25b74-9023-4d42-8e5c-1201c90e7e9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aad/53214 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939363 | 1,004 | 1.84375 | 2 |
It is always encouraging to see young students getting involved with bees. Below is the write up from Tia Savage describing the bee project she presented at her school on March 28, 2109. She has been invited to attend an upcoming bee club meeting to present her project. She has also expressed interest in furthering her knowledge of bees by joining the club. Excellent work Tia.
“My name is Tia Savage and I attend a project-based learning school, John Dewey Academy of Learning in Green Bay, WI. I did a project working to Save the Bees and raise awareness. I presented the project at Event Night at my school and it was one of the most successful Event Nights I’ve had. I built a bee box out of wood, Styrofoam and paint. I printed honeycomb using a 3D printer and used jello to simulate honey. I had samples of artificial honey and real local honey out as well. I was given the name of “the Bee Girl” and I think I may have really got people to understand the importance of honeybees. “
On February 23, 2019 the Brown County Beekeepers Association trained 28 prospective beekeepers eager to learn about how to get bees and to keep them alive. The class was a mix of lecture and hands-on. This is an annual class, generally conducted in February.
At the January 2019 club meeting a there was a handout of companies that sold bees. Several asked for the information to be put on the website. However, before using this information please keep this in mind.
The Club does not endorse any bee providers. However, we believe this information can aid members in evaluating potential bee providers and stress the importance of members doing their own research.
Be sure to ask your potential provider where and when you will have to pick up the bees. Some providers do not distribute bees in Green Bay.
It is important you ask if the bees were treated for mites, when they were treated and when.
Before making a final decision on supplier verify all the details of your purchase. Information on this sheet can change at any time.
This is welcome news as American Foulbrood is very damaging to bees and beekeeping. Not only are the bees killed but the spores can remain viable for 40 or more years on the hives. The only way to “treat” hives infected with American Foulbrood is to burn the equipment! Very harsh indeed.
Bees may soon get an ally in their fight against bacterial disease — one of the most serious threats the pollinators face — in the form of an edible vaccine. That’s the promise held out by researchers in Finland, who say they’ve made the first-ever vaccine for insects, aimed at helping struggling honeybee populations. The scientists are targeting one of bees’ most deadly enemies: American foulbrood, or AFB, an infectious disease that devastates hives and can spread at a calamitous rate. Read the full story here.
Brown County Beekeepers Association will have a booth at the Einstein Expo on February 2, 2019 at Shopko Hall in Green Bay WI. Experienced beekeepers will be present to answer any and all of your bee related questions.
The Brown County Beekeeping Association is happy to present INTRODUCTION TO BEEKEEPING. Learn the essentials of beginning beekeeping !!
When: January 18th, 2020 — 8:00am to 4:00pm Where: Northeast Wisconsin Technical College, Great Lakes Energy Education Center (see map below) Online Registration: Click here How Much: $55 for an individual, $45 for additional family members Includes: Light snacks, refreshments and lunch What: An understanding of: | <urn:uuid:d4a66b7b-f3e5-406d-8251-26e8a8e68a3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://browncountybeekeepers.com/category/education/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96212 | 765 | 2.703125 | 3 |
These pillow basalts, seen on Dive 6 at Fina Nagu Caldera C, form when basaltic lava erupts underwater. Cold seawater chills the erupting lava, creating a rounded tube of basalt crust that looks like a pillow. As the newly erupting lava pushes through the chilled basalt crust, it can form scratches on the pillow surface, called striations. Video courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, 2016 Deepwater Exploration of the Marianas. Download (mp4, 30.9 MB)
Dive 6 was the second of our three dives in the Fina Nagu Volcanic Chain. We expected that the age of this caldera would be between the ages of the older Fina Nagu D (visited on Dive 5), and younger Fina Nagu A (which will be visited on Dive 7). The remotely operated vehicle touched down at 2,575 meters, in a patch of lightly sedimented pillow basalts. The volcanic sample we collected in this area had well-defined ropy flow structure. We encountered several different types of lava morphologies as we moved upslope, including pillows, sheet flows, ropy flows, and columnar jointing related to a dike. We transited through an area covered in volcaniclastic sediment (produced by explosive eruption), and collected a second geological sample at an isolated pillow outcrop. While fauna was again scarce on this dive, we saw a rattail fish (Macrouridae, Kumba sp.), two halosaurs (Aldrovandia sp.), bamboo corals (Isididae), many transparent predatory sea squirts (ascidians), a benthic ctenophore living on a sponge (learn more about inter-species interactions), a few sea cucumbers (holothurians), sponges, and sea lilies (crinoids). | <urn:uuid:930791c4-47f5-4fe4-bed4-6570468d41bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1605/dailyupdates/apr27.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919424 | 395 | 3.78125 | 4 |
The search for a female autism phenotype is difficult, given the low diagnostic rates in females. Here, we studied potential sex differences in a core feature of autism, difficulty with eye gaze processing, among typically developing individuals who vary in the broad autism phenotype, which includes autistic-like traits that are common, continuously distributed, and similarly heritable in males and females. Participants viewed complex images of an actor in a naturalistic scene looking at one of many possible objects and had to identify the target gazed-at object. Among males, those high in autistic-like traits exhibited worse eye gaze following performance than did those low in these traits. Among females, eye gaze following behavior did not vary with autistic-like traits. These results suggest that deficient eye gaze following behavior is part of the broader autism phenotype for males, but may not be a part of the female autism phenotype.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Clinical Psychology | <urn:uuid:de0bf128-6978-4dbe-bbb0-acaf1ac9f652> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/gaze-following-is-related-to-the-broader-autism-phenotype-in-a-se | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9426 | 189 | 2.15625 | 2 |
This post is written by Hanna Griff-Sleven, Director of Cultural Programs and Intern Coordinator at the Museum at Eldridge Street.
My mother died on the 5th of Kislev in 1991 (November 12th) and this year her Yarzheit (the anniversary of her death) is on Thanksgiving. The Jewish calendar is a lunar one and every few years her Yarzheit falls on Thanksgiving or my wedding anniversary (November 11th). This is not a sad thing, because more than any holiday during the year, and even though she was a very religious woman, I think of her on Thanksgiving. For many years I was the child in our family that lived the furthest from home and my parents made it a point to visit me for Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving worked as it was the rare occasion when my father actually took time off from running Griff Furniture in Waltham, Massachusetts. Back then, business was slow between Thanksgiving and the first week of December – before stores were open on Thanksgiving and Black Friday. | <urn:uuid:5519b18e-f121-4103-839a-4662065b7433> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eldridgestreet.org/category/history/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.989432 | 205 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics, an important class of drugs, administrated mostly through injection for pain reduction purposes. Also important in managing different types of pain are compounding pharmacies, especially in the field of surgery medicine. Compounding pharmacies are defined as drugs which are customized by a professional pharmacist or a physician to suit the unique needs of an individual patient. There are many ground for compounding medicines, from changing the aggregation state, eliminating a possible allergic ingredient that is not essential for the medication's efficiency, to obtaining an accurately dosed drug with lower incidence of side-effects.
Compounding pharmacy origins are far-reaching, it is old as the pharmacy itself, but has gone on for a long and intensive evolution. Nowadays, with new modern technologies and equipment, compounding pharmacy is a powerful tool for helping many patients who have specific needs. Compounding medications used to participate in the overall medication market with 60% in the early ages of past century, but the percentage had dropped significantly in the last years, to a miniature 1% today.
Diverse pharmaceutical formulations can be made as compound medicines, including sterile intramural preparations for pain management, dermatological preparations, sterile ophthalmics and injectables, preservative-free and hypoallergenic preparations, hormonal preparations, palatable pediatric preparations, wound care preparations, to trans dermal medicines etc.
Design and preparation of the medication is done by a professional pharmacist, who can make a medication for the purposes of any area of medicine. These new personalized medications represent the revival and future of medicine and medical treatment. Mass product treatments are not helpful to millions of people with specific needs and that is where the compounded pharmacies come in the game, they help those individuals to achieve their health care objectives. Categories of population most affected are elderly, persons with multiple health care problems, allergic persons, hospitalized patients etc.
There are many advantages a compounded medicine possesses in comparison to commercial medicines. For example, people who have swallowing disorders are unable to take a medicine in a form of a tablet, so by compounding a medication, pharmacist can change its dosage form. Instead of a tablet to swallow, a patient can take a liquid solution or a rectal suppository. Another advantage would be simplicity in combining different compounds and drugs into one mixture, and production of a more efficient drug.
More advantages of compounding medications worth mentioning are capability to make a medication that is no longer available on the market, and is essential in treatment of some patients. With the necessary chemical compound available, a professional pharmacist can mix and prepare a compounding medication. Some non-essential ingredients in drugs make them less pleasant by giving them a bad taste or smell. With the medication compounding, those ingredients can be removed from the mixture, and substituted with other substances which are more pleasant and tastier.
Treating highly sensitive individuals is problematic, as they can be allergic to many ingredients of the medication. By knowing which substances cause allergies, patients can receive a medicine that is freed of those. Physician in cooperation with the pharmacist can design and prepare a compound medicine that will suit that particular patient and his health care needs.
Pain management is an area where compounding medications play significant role. Compounding pharmacy provides a broad spectrum of medications that are potent in pain management, no matter of its nature, acute or chronic. Chronic pain is a harder type to treat than the acute pain, it requires multidisciplinary approach and construction of specific protocols to address the individual needs of each and every patient.
Customized medications which are adjusted to the needs of an individual patient are less prone to cause negative and harmful events. They are more accurate and direct in addressing the underlying problem of a patient. Different configurations are available and utilized in compounding pharmacy, including creams, gels, sprays, capsules, tablets, injections etc. This arsenal of diverse formulas helps doctors to fight diseases and disorders in a more efficient way.
Bupivacaine is a medication that acts on nerve cells, it blocks impulse propagation by increasing the threshold for excitation in the nerve cells and decreasing the rise rate of an action potential. After applications, nerves lose its pain sensitivity and then temperature and touch functions.
The drug can be dangerous if it reaches systemic circulation as it can cause adverse events, most likely on cardiovascular and central nervous system. Lower, therapeutic doses carry almost no risk of these side effects, but an overdose of bupivacaine can be very harmful. A string of serious adverse effects can take place, damages in the conduct and excitability of cardiac muscle, which may lead to severe heart disorders (block, ventricular arrhythmia's and cardiac arrest which may end fatal). Consequences of these events are decreed cardiac output and a low blood pressure.
Bupivacaine side effects on the CNS are paradoxical, after a stimulation stage, patient starts feeling depressed.
has a rapid sunset, it starts acting in less than a minute, and lasts long, from 6-8 hours. It is mostly distributed in the highly perfused organs and systems such as hepatic, renal, cardiac and central nervous system. It also enters almost all other organs and tissues of the body. Metabolism of this compound occurs in the liver, it is being conjugated with glucuronic acid and then excreted through the renal system. Compounded medications, applied in the form of creams or ointments that easily penetrate the skin, do not exacerbate unwanted effects and allow physicians to treat the affected areas faster.
Topical gel dosage form are easy to apply and have a faster sunset of action. The amount of an active principle in the mixture can be accurately controlled, and adjusted. This route of administration avoids first pass metabolism in the liver and excludes the possibility of a negative effect on gastrointestinal system.
Bupivacaine compounding pharmacies can incorporate other drugs besides from bupivacaine, which are compatible with it and act synergistic-ally. This allows employing lower doses of each individual component in the mixture, which leads to a lower possibility of a side effect exacerbation. | <urn:uuid:2dfab5a8-69b0-41af-8967-06b072068152> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.louis-armstrong.com/compounding-pharmacies.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93604 | 1,254 | 2.625 | 3 |
Books by Theme
Love and affection are seen in many ways — from sending a card to singing a song or sharing a bedtime tale. Read how love is shown in school and at home in the books recommended here. They're certain to demonstrate that love is in the air — especially when shared with a young reader.
Henry in Love
On the day that Henry's mom includes a special blueberry muffin in his lunch, Henry's teacher moves his desk next to Chloe. A smitten Henry — a young cat — gives his tasty treat to the attractive bunny. Soft illustrations and an understated text combine to create a winning portrait of infatuation and friendship.
A child's teddy bear wonders about kisses, and so the child describes many familiar types of kisses from parents, grandparents, and even a dog. Gentle illustrations combine with a narration of child-like questions and answers. It ends, of course, with a "soft and warm and… delicious" kiss and the assurance of love.
Love is an emotion that shows in many ways. From the unparalleled love that parents convey to their children to the “smell of crashing waves, and a train whistling …” It is also the “crease in your grandfather’s face.” Through sophisticated, sometimes unsettling images and text, readers are reminded that though it all, “You’ll have love, love, love.” Also see the Spanish version: Amor.
A baby Max thoroughly enjoys his daily routine. He loves everyone and each activity — from waking up in his crib to driving in a car but he especially loves the one who makes his jelly toast! Repetition in a catchy cadence combines with Wells' signature illustrations in a sturdy, uncluttered format to share with the youngest.
My Heart Is Like a Zoo
Rich, alliterative language is used in intriguing similes to create a rhythmic text illustrated with bright colors and bold forms — animals created by one or many heart shapes. From the opening to the final page where a resting child cuddles with a teddy bear made from heart shapes, this book is sure to fascinate readers.
My Love Will Be with You
The special place in fathers' hearts for their children is celebrated in this warmly illustrated, wise book. Rich language describes each animal dad's prediction of their child's growing up until a human father is pictured embracing an infant. This is as appealing as the author/illustrator's I Love You as Much.
Ramona and Her Father
Seven-year old Ramona tries to take charge when her dad loses his job and her mother goes back to work out of the house full-time. Readers will see themselves in the Quimby household and are sure to chuckle at Ramona’s antics.
Who Loves the Little Lamb?
Young animals are fussy, messy, pouting, and more — but still each "Mama loves her" little one. Gentle rhymes reassure the young that no matter how they behave or what they look like, Mama always loves them, reinforced as the human mother embraces her young son. Warm-toned watercolors enhance the rhythmic, rhyming text.
You're Lovable to Me
In a happy but chaotic home, the bunnies had had a big day and a hard night — and Mama loved them throughout. As a tired Mama sits down at last, her dad comes in to reassure her that no matter how old children get, a parent's love continues. Small, detailed, line and wash illustrations complement this warm, comforting story.
Proceeds from the sale of books purchased at Bookshop.org and Amazon.com help support the Reading Rockets project. Thank you! | <urn:uuid:8b7615a5-c494-4b6d-82a4-960739e60cc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.readingrockets.org/booklists/love-air | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953952 | 777 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Full Listing of Port Numbers
You will find in this document a complete list of TCP and UDP ports with their descriptions, free pdf file in 13 pages for downloading.
The TCP and UDP port numbers are coded on 16 bits delimiting their values between 0 and 65535. The known ports have the particularity of being assigned by the Iana. They are, in most part of the operating system, used by processes in root mode, admin mode or even with advanced user rights. You will find the working details of the ports with Tcp and Udp in RFC 793 and RFC 768. The list is divided into three parts named:
- Known ports, from 0 to 1023
- Registered ports, between 1024 and 49151
- Dynamic or private ports, between 49152 and 65535.
|File type :|
Take advantage of this course called Full Listing of Port Numbers to improve your Networking skills and better understand Ports.
This course is adapted to your level as well as all Ports pdf courses to better enrich your knowledge.
All you need to do is download the training document, open it and start learning Ports for free.
This tutorial has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand basic Ports Networking. After completing this tutorial you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in Ports from where you can take yourself to next levels.
This tutorial is designed for Ports students who are completely unaware of Ports concepts but they have basic understanding on Networking training.
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- Managing Risk and Information Security (Type: PDF, Size: 3.2 MB, Downloads: 12) | <urn:uuid:8fc60465-cd2f-429c-a2cc-9f1bd10584ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tuto-computer.com/networking/490-full-listing-port-numbers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.915727 | 463 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Canadian health care system is stretched to breaking.
Without a regular primary care provider, Canadians turn to walk-in clinics and emergency rooms. This in turn can mean a condition must become acute before the patient seeks care. Moreover, by relying on walk-in clinics and emergency rooms, patients compromise on important follow-up care.
The end result can be a negative outcome, especially for those with a chronic health condition that requires constant monitoring, like diabetes.
To achieve better outcomes, people need frequent, dependable, and professional support. A comprehensive pharmacy benefits plan can fill this gap for individuals — particularly those living with chronic conditions — and ensure they get the ongoing support they require.
How comprehensive pharmacy benefits plan can help
People engage with pharmacists an average of 10 times more often than any other healthcare provider. Skilled pharmacists and well-run pharmacies offer much-needed access and advice for Canadians.
When employees have access to a comprehensive pharmacy benefit and patient-centred care, they enjoy more support and with support come better outcomes. Some reasons for this include:
Generally speaking, pharmacists are more accessible than other healthcare professionals, including physicians. This is especially true when pharmacists are accessible online through virtual pharmacies and digital healthcare platforms.
Ease of access lowers the barrier to entry and make it more likely that people will seek out help and ask questions right away, rather than waiting until their health issues escalate.
An article published by the Canadian Pharmacists Journal explains that pharmacists can assess patients and their current treatment protocol.
They can also determine the appropriateness, effectiveness, and safety of treatments and alternatives. This helps to prevent and resolve problems that may result from medication misuse and medication non-adherence.
Pharmacists can also create personalized care plans for each patient — collaborating with other members of the healthcare team when needed.
These plans include more than just recommendations for when to take a particular medication and what the optimal dosage is. They also take into account other factors, like the patient’s medical history and adherence issues.
Comprehensive care plans from pharmacists provide support systems that lead to better patient outcomes.
Their support includes compliance monitoring to ensure patients are taking their medications as directed. They should also offer medication reminders and assistance with plan adherence — such as daily pill packs for easy dispensing and automated reminders.
A robust pharmacy benefits plan offers other key resources. This includes wellness coaches, nutrition professionals, and mental health professionals.
When patients have access to these experts — in addition to a knowledgeable and friendly pharmacist — they can make long-lasting lifestyle changes and more meaningful improvements.
The pharmacist plays an essential role in monitoring the patient’s condition and checking on their progress. After all, the average patient connects with their pharmacist more than any other member of their healthcare team.
Thanks to these regular follow-ups, a pharmacist can identify adverse effects and signs of drug misuse easier and sooner than other professionals. This helps the patient get help faster and avoid long-term negative effects.
Fewer adverse drug reactions
Drug-related events account for approximately 12 percent of emergency department visits. More than two-thirds — 68 percent — of these visits could have been prevented, too.
Patients are less likely to misuse or make mistakes when taking their medications when they can rely on regular refill delivery and smart adherence-driving packaging. The same applies when they can easily ask questions or address concerns with a pharmacist.
Not only does this decrease emergency room visits, but it also reduces the risk of negative side effects and sets patients up for better long-term health.
What to look for in a pharmacy benefits plan
The right pharmacy benefits plan offers many advantages to both employee and employer. To experience these advantages, though, employers need to choose the right plan.
When shopping for pharmacy benefits for their employees, employers should look for one that provides the following:
- Prescription drug coverage
- Vitamin and supplement coverage
- Fast and free delivery
- Access to virtual care and advice from pharmacists
- Wellness programs — such as nutrition advice, exercise recommendations, etc.
- Mental health screening and support
All these benefits (and cost savings to boot) are available to plan members when plan administrators choose Mednow as their preferred pharmacy.
A plan that checks all these boxes helps employees address their health from all angles. It provides easy access, comprehensive solutions, and ongoing support. All of these contribute to better long-term results.
Achieve better outcomes with patient-centered pharmacy care
One of the best ways to support your employees is by providing access to patient-centred pharmacy care.
This type of benefit gives employees coverage for prescription drugs, vitamins, and supplements. It also provides comprehensive, personalized care plans, improves medication management and adherence, all of which improve health outcomes.
If you’re looking for a plan that offers all this and more, try Mednow. Get in touch today to learn how you can improve your company’s pharmacy benefits plan, reduce drug costs, and improve patient outcomes.Get Started | <urn:uuid:fed60e24-9538-4a31-9604-a9ce008d3bb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mednow.ca/blogs/articles/a-preferred-pharmacy-plan-delivers-patient-centred-care-to-members | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932002 | 1,065 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Poipet is a town built on luck—good and bad. This casino bordertown is a mecca for the Thai and Chinese gamblers who are drawn to this dusty outpost on the edge of Cambodia and Thailand to try their luck in one of Poipet's eight casinos. But it's also a draw for the thousands of poor Cambodian families who move from the rural countryside to eke out a living in what is the most cashed-up city in the area.
"Living in Poipet is easier than living back home," explained a woman who was working alongside her young children. "There is more opportunity here. Even though I'm uneducated, there are different kinds of jobs I can do… construction work, pulling a cart, cleaning fish, carrying packages, smuggling goods… or helping out in a shop."
This interview was provided by Damnok Toek, a local NGO that assists families and children in Cambodia, who was more than a bit wary of journalists poking around the city looking for a story. The NGO asked me to keep her name anonymous, because she lived in a precarious situation where even publishing her name could be dangerous for her or her children.
"My family has not enough food, I have to pay for house renting, fire and water payments," she said. "My family has disease and I saw that my neighbors can earn money with their children working on the street too.”
Later, I saw a small child, she couldn't have been older than eight or nine, reach deep into a trash bag on a dark, litter-strewn road near the border. She was fishing around for anything of value, a bottle, or a can. Maybe something metal that she could recycle. The bottom of the bag tore open, spilling foul trash juice into the street. The young girl stooped low and inspected the tear. Finding nothing she moved on to another pile of garbage, another chance to find something valuable buried amongst the filth.
Scenes like this are uncomfortably common in Poipet, and over the Thai border in nearby Aranyaprathet as well. There are at least 600 children living in the streets of the bordertown, according to estimates by NGOs.
The border zone can be a dangerous place, especially for children, who are routinely exploited, and exposed to a range of trauma and abuse by being forced to work on the streets.
Most are sent out into the city as scavengers, searching the streets for trash. They are often part of larger migrant families, the ones who moved to Poipet for the same reason the gamblers crowd out the casinos—a chance to turn their fortunes around. But while the situation might be better than the realities of farm labor, it's not enough for them to rise out of poverty.
This puts children out on the streets, where they face a long list of potential dangers, from physical and sexual abuse to human trafficking. According to a study conducted by Up! International and Damnok Toek, at least 66 percent of children reported being physically assaulted at least once while out on the streets.
Sexual abuse is also shockingly common, with some children turning to sex work to make ends meet. Many children turn to drugs, especially meth and toxic glue, to cope, explained Nathalie Nguyen, a project manager at Damnok Toek. The NGO surveyed 80 children living on the border, and found that most admitted to using drugs the first time when they were 10 years old.
Forty percent of them admitted to using inhalants, like glue, regularly, and for some, crystal methamphetamine. Substance abuse in Poipet almost exclusively affects boys, who are also four times more likely than girls to say they've been victims of physical violence or sexual abuse.
“The use of drugs, specifically ice and glue has become a problem in Cambodia,” Nguyen said. “Methamphetamine used to be imported from Myanmar and Thailand, but it has been four or five years since Cambodians started to produce it themselves.”
But a lot of the local drug manufacturers haven't perfected this process and, as a result, there's been a dramatic rise in accidental poisonings due to the inclusion of deadly adulterants.
“It is not only a drug, but also a poison,” Nguyen said.
And, in many ways, addiction opens the door to even more abuse. Children who use drugs are far more likely to be assaulted by local gangs, and the police, explained Jarrett Davis, a social researcher working in the region.
"Street-involved youth, particularly those who use drugs, are commonly stigmatized as being ‘bad kids’ and even thought of as a nuisance or lost cause,” Davis said. “There is often notably less empathy given toward those who use drugs in comparison to those who are just working on the streets.”
A few days later, I came across the same girl I saw digging deep into some black bags outside the Crown Casino, one of the biggest, and best funded, attractions in Poipet. She was dressed in the same clothes, the ragged shirt hanging loose on her skinny frame. She wore an oversized red hat that kept falling down when she stooped over to pick through the garbage, placing the most-valuable stuff in a sack slung over her shoulder. Her face was black with grime and I knew that she would probably be working through the night.
There's a sadness to Poipet, the kind that's hard to ignore when you see the sheer number of children in the streets. It's a town on the border, a trade city that straddles cultures, economies, and nations. It's a place that's fortunes are built on its openness. But for the children who roam its streets, it's almost the opposite—a place where everyone else is passing through, but they can't leave. | <urn:uuid:4a37ef90-141d-4e81-a8a1-db0e338cafdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vice.com/en/article/pawmag/the-tough-reality-of-growing-up-in-cambodias-bordertown-vegas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971477 | 1,216 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Excessive carrying angle of the elbowElbow carrying angle - excessive; Cubitus valgus
When your arms are held out at your sides and your palms are facing forward, your forearm and hands should normally be about 5 to 15 degrees away from your body. This is the normal "carrying angle" of the elbow. This angle allows your forearms to clear your hips when you swing your arms, such as during walking. It is also important when carrying objects.
Certain fractures of the elbow can increase the carrying angle of the elbow, causing the arms to stick out too much from the body. This is called an excessive carrying angle.
Other fractures of the elbow can decrease the carrying angle of the elbow. If the angle is decreased, the arm points toward the body. This is known as a "gunstock deformity."
Because the carrying angle varies from person to person, it is important to compare one elbow with the other when evaluating a problem with the carrying angle.
Morrey BF. Functional evaluation of the elbow. In: Morrey BF, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Morrey ME, eds. Morrey's The Elbow and Its Disorders. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 5.
Perez EA. Fractures of the shoulder, arm, and forearm. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 57.
Review Date: 11/12/2020
Reviewed By: C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. | <urn:uuid:e98b87c2-b73d-4935-86aa-23e51d86ffde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thnm.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&isarticlelink=false&pid=1&gid=002316 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.883066 | 399 | 2.796875 | 3 |
This thread was archived. Please ask a new question if you need help.
I need to change my user ID on a site and it is stored and types the old one in automatically
I am logging on to a website and I have a user ID that is case sensitive and cannot be changed My home computer keeps putting the first letter in as a capital how do I get it to allow me change it to the correct case and allow me to enter the site- this is a faculty web site Thanks
All Replies (3)
I'm not sure what is going on but try this.
Open a program which allows you to edit text (on Windows I would suggest NotePad but I don't know what to use on MAC) You want a very simple text editor.
Type your username as you want it.
Highlight it and copy it to the clipboard. Go to the log on page and paste in the name from the clipboard.
Maybe that will work.
All I can think of about the first character becoming an upper case character is that it reminds me of some word processing programs - such as Word or Works - which always assume the first word of a sentence will begin with a capital letter and they change it for you.
I don't know why this would be happening in your case, but that is what it reminds me of.
Is there a spelling add-on or plug-in that might be coming into play here?
I assume that you have no problems at work (you say this is happening on your home computer) so I would begin to look at differences between the two as to software installed, browser add-ons and plug-ins, etc.
Maybe someone at the computer department at the school can help you track this down.
Make sure that you haven't saved Uppercase and Lowercase versions of that name and password.
Remove saved Password(s):
- Tools > Options > Security: Passwords: "Saved Passwords" > "Show Passwords"
Please Remove saved Password(s): Tools > Options > Security: Passwords: "Saved Passwords" > "Show Passwords"' | <urn:uuid:d7e61e93-1365-42a1-885d-f67df7764aa5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.mozilla.org/km/questions/831484 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965658 | 442 | 1.75 | 2 |
Most of 401Okay and Roth IRA account are diversified into US Treasury bonds and yields have plunged for greater than 20 years now. Rate of interest is a key indicator of the financial system, as they symbolize the mindset of the folks. Spending cash doesn’t confer progress as a result of spending deplete assets and capital wanted for brand new companies.
The explanation bond yields have gone down is as a result of the central bankers world wide printed cash out of skinny air and flooded the monetary markets and the financial system with new cash. The rates of interest had been artificially lowered throughout each monetary disaster since 1971. How would an financial system run on zero rates of interest? This implies individuals who get monetary savings do not get any return on them.
Central banks continually monetize authorities treasuries to finance the federal government. This causes inflation of asset costs, central bankers are the enablers of presidency debt. Financial institution of England just lately restarted the QE program after the Brexit, through the bond public sale many monetary establishments failed to show up for the public sale. ECB has been buying each bond throughout Europe and financing the price range deficit international locations. German bond yields are buying and selling close to zero p.c.
Financial institution of Japan has been monetizing debt for years and but there may be deflationary strain within the financial system as a result of japan exports most of its product overseas and so they convert the monetized Japanese bond to purchase the US greenback and treasury to maintain the worth of yen aggressive for the export of merchandise.
Many of the international locations have nationwide debt exceeding their GDP however what’s sustaining the debt is the manufacturing within the nation however at one level of time debt wins out inflicting havoc. As soon as the central bankers change into the web purchaser of bonds, there shall be carnage within the forex market the place traders and folks scramble to promote the bonds because the yields plunge however the forex worth can even plunge together with it.
International locations which had price range surpluses with America are unloading their US treasury holding, as they perceive US debt is elevating to unmanageable ranges and pegging their forex with the greenback would trigger extreme devastation to their international locations. Saudi and China are the front-runners in dumping the US treasury bonds.
Chinese language Central financial institution (PBOC), Indian Reserve Financial institution and Russian central financial institution have actively reallocated their international reserves since 2009 disaster, they’ve change into the web purchasers of commodities particularly gold. Gold acts as a hedge towards the greenback collapse; most of those international locations maintain trillion of US treasury and greenback denominated belongings. Buy Online at Tyram Lakes Bond
There are many occasions which might have important influence on the bonds starting from Brexit- invoking of article 50, EU debt disaster, QE packages from the central banks, Acknowledgement from the fed that the US Financial system is weak, Japanese bond disaster and many others. Quite a lot of turmoil lies forward however one type of forex holds safety towards the reckless financial insurance policies. Gold is an inflation hedge and protects your buying energy. Bodily gold will be bought in Roth IRA and Self Directed IRA. | <urn:uuid:4ef4a691-b2ba-42a8-96c6-8c19ff1e5dc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ownwatches.co.uk/how-to-protect-yourself-from-the-coming-bond-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946412 | 653 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Global group of experts announce launch of the Global Commission on the Economics Water in Davos
25 May 2022
The Global Commission on the Economics of Water has been officially launched in Davos, at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, setting an ambitious goal for itself.
The Commission will deliver a critical report, entitled The Economics of Water: An Agenda for the Common Good. This review comes in completion of the trilogy that began with the Stern Review on the economics of climate change, followed by the Dasgupta Review on the economics of biodiversity, and aims to reach global impact by delivering an actionable agenda to spur change across state, non-state, and key economic actors.
This is to be an in-depth, independent global review that aims to assess the economic, social and environmental benefits of healthy and resilient fresh water systems globally as an integral part of the biosphere. The report also aims to demonstrate the need for urgent, concrete, and coherent action accompanied by a substantial change in policy, business approaches and global collaboration to tackle the combined crisis of water, sustainability, and food and energy security.
Rethinking the economics of water and how it is governed is one of the key ambitions announced in Davos: “The dysfunctions in markets today are not an accident, they are the result of decisions that we have taken in business and governments. If every person on the planet is to have access to enough safe water at an affordable cost, we must govern our economy in a radically different way and treat water as a global common good,” said Mariana Mazzucato.
The idea of common good is central to the review and reflects the work of Professor Mazzucato and that of the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose. The commission is led by an all-star team, composed of UCL Professor Mariana Mazzucato, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Director General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), Professor Johan Rockström, Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), and Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Senior Minister of Singapore. They are joined by a diverse group of 17 world-renowned experts from science, policy, and front-line practice areas.
The Global Commission’s interim results will be published to coincide with the UN’s 2023 Water Conference and inform the launch of a “Pact for Voluntary Commitments”.
- About the Global Commission
- Mariana Mazzucato, Professor in the Economics of Innovation and Public Value at University College London (UCL); Founding Director of the UCL Institute foInnovation and Public Purpose (IIPP); Chair of the World Health Organization Council of the Economics of Health for All; Author of Mission Economy: a moonshot guide to changing capitalism.
- Ngozi Okonjo-Iewala, Director-General, World Trade Organization (WTO); Former Minister of Finance, Nigeria; Former MD, World Bank; Co-Chair, G20 High Level Independent Panel on Financing the Global Commons for Pandemic
- Johan Rockstrom, Professor in Earth system science University of Potsdam; Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Co-chair of the Earth Commission of the Global Commons Alliance; Member European Investment Bank (EIB) Climate and Environment Advisory Council; and the EU Mission board on Climate Adaptation.
- Tharman Shanmugaratnam, Senior Minister, Singapore; Chair, G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance (2017/18); Co-Chair, G20 High Level Independent Panel on Financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response (2021) Commissioners and Lead Experts
- Quentin Grafton, Professor at the Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Chair holder of UNESCO Chair in Water Economics and Transboundary Water Governance
- Joyeeta Gupta, Professor at the Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam; co-chair of the Earth Commission of the Global Commons Alliance
- Aromar Revi, Director of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements; Co-Chair of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN); member of the Ubuntu Advisory Board of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), Coordinating Lead
- Yvonne Aki-Sawyer, Mayor of the City of Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Alicia Barcena Ibarra, Former Executive Secretary of CEPAL, Chile
- LaToya Cantrell , Mayor of the City of New Orleans, USA
- Arunabha Ghosh , CEO of the Council of Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi, India
- Naoko Ishii, Executive Vice President and Director, Center for Global Commons, University of Tokyo
- Juan Carlos Jintiach, Advisor of the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, Ecuador
- Inge Kaul, Senior Fellow, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
- QIU Baoxing, President of the Chinese Society for Urban Studies
- Mamphela Ramphele, President of the Club of Rome, South Africa
- Ismail Serageldin, Founding Director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt
- Richard Damania, World Bank, Chief Economist, Sustainable Development Vice
- Kathleen Dominique, OECD, Environment Directorate
- Usha Rao-Monari, UNDP, Under Secretary-General and Associate Administrator
- Abebe Selassie, IMF, Director of the African Department
- Future of humankind needs bold economic thinking and new governance on water
- Learn more about the Global Commission on the Economics of Water
- Watch the video here
- Watch the press conference | <urn:uuid:beebad37-3d81-432a-acb0-daff60627c9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/news/2022/may/global-group-experts-announce-launch-global-commission-economics-water-davos | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.882309 | 1,215 | 1.8125 | 2 |
WiFi Router: Information And Advice
Do you need advice about WiFi routers, or are you looking for information about them? Well, you’ve come to the right page, because I’m going to take care of that with you today.
The router nowadays has become the most important device of computer equipment in our homes. It allows us to connect to the internet, so making the right choice certainly makes a difference.
Often people go to the supermarket and buy the first box with the wifi router written in front of their eyes, without knowing that there are various types of these devices on the market, all incompatible with each other.
I’ll give you some advice on buying so you can save money with the best possible product.
If you are already familiar enough with wifi routers, you can always take a look at the article that I propose below, and use these tips that I will give you to understand if you are going in the right direction.
Contents of the article:
- Difference between modem and router
- The types of routers
- WiFi router: information and advice
- Ethernet and USB ports
- WiFi class n and adsl 2+
Difference between modem and router:
Let’s start from the beginning and solve this enigma that has always plagued many of the people who enter this way.
Modem: this device takes care of connecting your network to the internet, that is, it connects everything outside your home. It can only connect one computer at a time.
Router: in a network, it takes care of routing traffic, and allows the connection of multiple computers through Ethernet cables or through a wireless network also called WiFi.
The types of routers:
Perfect! Now that the basic concept has been clarified, you are ready to take a small next step.
Let’s analyze together the various types of routers, and forever put a stone above all those unknown acronyms that we find on the packages such as: WiFi router, Ethernet router, ADSL 2+ router, dual band ADSL wifi router and portable router.
The so-called “pure” router is that device that only allows the routing of traffic within a local network, with the possibility of connecting multiple devices simultaneously.
Usually these routers have a WAN port available, with which they can communicate with a device that acts as a modem or with a radio link (“if you have an antenna on the roof”).
In this case they are also called Ethernet routers.
Furthermore, on the market there are “classic” modem routers and WiFi adsl 2+ modem routers, which the former allow you to connect your home to the Internet, and simultaneously connect the various devices to each other.
The latter, on the other hand, have the additional possibility of creating a wireless network to allow devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops to connect to the network of your home.
There is also a type of device that is called Range Extender in Italian “Wireless Repeater”, they have nothing to do with routers despite the shape and color are practically the same.
They are used to extend the range of action of a Wi-Fi network. For this type of equipment, I wrote an article specifically; check it out if you have any problems with the Wi-Fi network range
Dual band routers are a type of device that can support the classic WiFi band, ie 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz band. With this type of router you can avoid the interference problems of the 14 channels of the 2.4 GHz band, but you will have a minor range and all devices still don’t support it.
Portable routers work very similar to that of a smartphone. By connecting to the 3G or LTE 4G network via a SIM, they allow devices to communicate with the internet.
When you turn on a portable router, it creates a dedicated WiFi and by connecting to it you will be able to surf.
WiFi router: information and Advice:
Now that we have made it clear the various types of devices that the market offers, let’s move on to analyze the WiFi routers more technically, and what should be the characteristics of a device suitable for your home.
A great WiFi router should have these features:
- Minimum 4 Ethernet ports
- One USB port
- Wide range of wireless wireless network
- Must have class n WiFi
- It must support the ADSL 2+ type
- Now let’s analyze these features in detail:
Ethernet and USB ports:
The ethernet ports are used to connect the computer to the router via a cable. It is recommended that a WiFi router has at least 4 available.
The ports of the routers are also classified according to the speed with which they are able to transfer data.
Fast Ethernet ports, for example, support data traffic of 100 Mbps, while Gigabit Ethernet ports support 1000 Mbps.
If a router has a USB port, it means that through it you have the ability to share files with all devices connected to the network, any type of data, by connecting a hard disk or key.
WiFi class n and adsl 2+:
As with everything in computer science it is born and evolves. So it was for both Wi-Fi and ADSL technology.
In fact, there are different types of WiFi and are respectively called Class b which reaches up to 11 Mbps, Class g which reaches up to 54 Mbps and class n which instead can reach up to 300 Mbps.
So if you have connectivity over 11 Mbps, make sure you don’t buy a class b wifi router.
Even ADSL, as I told you a little while ago, has had its evolution. There are in fact the ADSL up to 12 Mbit / s, the ADSL 2 up to 24 Mbit / s or the ADSL 2+ ranging from 24 Mbit / s up.
Now that you have all the means to make the best purchase and save some money, all you have to do is choose the WiFi router that best suits your needs.
Remember that if you have any problems or doubts, you can always leave a comment below the article and you will receive the best possible help. | <urn:uuid:c9a399db-c5b2-49da-a518-70d89ed33383> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infoforeks.com/wifi-router-information-and-advice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950677 | 1,298 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Most people have problems when it comes to studying. Some look hard, but when exams come, they fail terribly. Some enjoy reading so much that they spend most of their free time on it. You do not have to read all the time for you to excel. It all depends on what you do when studying. If your tips are great, you are good to go. If you are someone who struggles when it comes to learning, you are in the right place. You will know what you do not do, and you will implement them in your next session. You will not be frustrated anymore because the tips you will learn here will take you on another level. You can find more information on Mypaperwriter.com.
Taking Notes Efficiently
If you want to make it to the top, you need to have a perfect strategy. It would be best to consider having all the necessary study tools not to miss anything when you are reading. Do not attend classes and fail to write notes. That is the mistake most learners make, and when they fail, they start complaining. Always write when you are in class because notes will help you during your session. If you are a student who depends on the handbook, you are on the wrong path.
Handouts will confuse you even more. Whatever the teacher says in class is vital and will always come in exams. If you are not a fan of writing, you can bring your laptop to level. Even if you are not in the mood for an essay, ensure that you write your notes. Do not copy your classmates’ work because people make mistakes. A student who knows what he/she wants cannot complain about writing. To write well, practice grammar daily, and for that, there is a website that helps, you can check Grammarhow. When you jot, you will be on the same level as the teacher. If any question gets asked, you will always be ready to answer. When you do not have notes, it is hard to understand what the teacher is saying.
One thing that will make your study more effective is your schedule. If you do not have one, it is high time you take your time and write. Please do not wait until it is one week for exams for you to start jumping up and down. Write a schedule that favors you, then make sure you follow it. You will be able to study little by little every day. Remember, the plan is not there for decoration. You have to be consistent. If you read every day, you will not have any pressure or stress. You will always be ready for exams even if you still have time. If there is something, you have not understood in class, ensure you consult your teachers or fellow students. Afterward, take your time and look at it again when you are alone.
Redo The Exact Questions
The more you practice, the more you improve. If you sit there and expect a miracle from heaven, you will continue waiting. When the instructor gives you questions in class, make sure you try all of them. Do not assume because those are the questions that come in exams. Take each question thoughtfully and keep on practicing. | <urn:uuid:0451d9a0-5ce2-4033-929e-7445033c9598> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insightssuccess.com/good-habits-for-students-who-study-smart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96403 | 653 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Maria* was 36 weeks pregnant when she arrived at a shelter in McAllen, Texas, where the US-Mexico border is defined by the Rio Grande. Like so many fleeing violence that is heightened by political and climate instability and deep poverty, Maria had fled her home in Central America after a hurricane devastated her community and local gangs threatened her family members’ lives. She and her children traveled over 1,500 miles north to seek asylum in the US to save themselves from the threat of death. After crossing the Rio Grande, she turned herself in to US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), asking for asylum. A few days later, she was released from CBP custody and given permission to travel north to her family to await her immigration hearing. CBP agents had dropped her off at a bus stop. Volunteers picked her and her children up and brought them to a nearby shelter.
Maria was seen by Annie, a nurse midwife, who soon assessed that Maria and her unborn baby were healthy and safe to travel. Through Healthy Babies, Children, and Mothers, Migrant Clinicians Network provides virtual case management to any asylum-seeking pregnant or postpartum mother at this shelter by enrolling these patients in MCN’s Health Network. Annie introduced Maria to Brenda, the onsite Health Network Associate, who enrolled Maria into Health Network.
Healthy Babies, Mothers, and Children is an initiative of Health Network that focuses solely on the health of pregnant women, newborn babies, and young children. Many of these asylum seekers and immigrants have urgent health needs that require additional attention and expedited care from our Health Network Associates. Through onsite enrollment at immigration shelters, these vulnerable patients are linked up with care as soon as possible.
After Maria was enrolled in Health Network, Alma, MCN’s Health Network Prenatal Coordinator, followed up with Maria over the phone, confirming her destination city and the address of her family in that city.
Then, Alma began the search to obtain Maria an appointment near her new home as soon as possible. This is no easy feat; many clinics are reluctant to accept new patients who are already in their third trimester of pregnancy and so close to giving birth. Many of these mothers have had little to no prenatal care in their home countries or during their journeys, to assess for any abnormalities or concerns, prior to their arrival in the US. Others became pregnant on the journey without the opportunity to be seen for initial prenatal screenings.
Alma made numerous calls to clinics in Maria’s destination city, trying to convince a clinic to take her as a patient, then, after finally finding a clinic, scheduling her a prenatal appointment and signing her up for sliding scale fees. Alma also had regular chats with Maria, to keep her updated on the progress, making sure no alarming changes in her pregnancy occurred in the meantime, and ensuring she had the transportation and support to attend the new appointments. Finally, Maria arrived at her new destination and was able to establish care at the clinic within days. Maria’s healthy baby was born just a few weeks later.
Healthy Babies, Mothers, and Children is an initiative specifically designed to serve new mothers like Maria. This initiative, a collaboration of which Health Network is a part, has served hundreds of pregnant and postpartum women since its inception in 2020. With the change of administrations and policies at the border, over 300 pregnant mothers were enrolled in the first three months of 2021. In some cases, this service has been lifesaving; in less serious cases, it provided a welcome to asylum seekers who are often suffering from trauma. In all cases, this program provided much-needed connection in patients’ new communities and access to essential care that would be difficult to attain without our assistance.
This critical initiative is growing to meet the needs of new mothers. In the coming months, we are expanding to other immigrant shelters along the southern border with the goal to serve families with medical needs as they arrive and link them to urgent medical care at their next destination, whether they ask for asylum in Brownsville, Texas, San Diego, California, or anywhere in between.
Please help us welcome asylum-seeking mothers and their children by supporting their medical care while they migrate. Make a donation to MCN’s Health Network to bolster our efforts to serve more asylum seekers.
* Names of patients and some identifying details have been changed or anonymized for the protection of the patients.
Healthy Babies, Children, and Mothers is an initiative of Health Network. Return to the main Health Network page here. | <urn:uuid:962ace85-c6e9-4e20-8923-88bdbc49a04d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.migrantclinician.org/healthy-babies-children-and-mothers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975542 | 931 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Completion is a feature that fills in the rest of a name
starting from an abbreviation for it. Completion works by comparing the
user’s input against a list of valid names and determining how much of
the name is determined uniquely by what the user has typed. For
example, when you type C-x b (
switch-to-buffer) and then
type the first few letters of the name of the buffer to which you wish
to switch, and then type TAB (
extends the name as far as it can.
Standard Emacs commands offer completion for names of symbols, files, buffers, and processes; with the functions in this section, you can implement completion for other kinds of names.
try-completion function is the basic primitive for
completion: it returns the longest determined completion of a given
initial string, with a given set of strings to match against.
completing-read provides a higher-level interface
for completion. A call to
completing-read specifies how to
determine the list of valid names. The function then activates the
minibuffer with a local keymap that binds a few keys to commands useful
for completion. Other functions provide convenient simple interfaces
for reading certain kinds of names with completion. | <urn:uuid:c6e08310-4f9d-4077-a2ba-59e92d973a6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://xahlee.info/emacs/emacs_manual/elisp/Completion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.870629 | 280 | 3.546875 | 4 |
The Brainy Baby Shapes & Colors DVD features music and gentle voices, along with catchy sing-along songs, to introduce kids to 12 shapes and 12 colors. The Deluxe Edition DVD includes fun special features such as video sing-along, baby bloopers, behind the scenes, and an interactive activity. Brainy Baby has been a leader in preschool video development for more than a decade and this series has been the recipient of over 75 National Awards and, unlike our competitors, a university study has confirmed the educational value of the Brainy Baby DVD line. Created by educators and parents, this award-winning series uses a time-tested, proven teaching method that follows a lesson plan format and each DVD reinforces lessons through engaging real-life objects and fun sing-alongs to which kids can relate. Brainy Baby helps children discover a world of learning with quality products that children love and parents trust. | <urn:uuid:c38ec6a5-736d-438f-9016-d5bf15c0a27f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.decluttr.com/us/store/products/media-brainy-baby-shapes-and-colors | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941153 | 181 | 1.765625 | 2 |
A function is a piece of code that you call from another page when you are ready to load the page. This is a very useful function to use for getting a page running.
If you think this is a good idea, you should start browsing the web for websites that link to this page. If you can’t get that page to load, you should probably open a new search engine.
I have no idea how it works, but I’ve thought about it a lot. But once you find some more information about your problem, a simple search will give you a better understanding. You’ll find it in the title, link, and more. In the title, there’s a link to the page you already know about, and you can use this info to start a new search.
I’m not sure exactly what the problem is, but I have been trying to use this search to find the code for a program that I use on a regular basis. And I can’t find it. I looked just about every page I could find, and I can’t find it anywhere.
On a couple of occasions I found this code to be helpful. It was in the HTML5 version of the code, which is obviously a bit of a pain to read. But if you want to learn more about this code, search it out in the blog post.
the problem is that you have to be using this code to start a new search. Im not sure if it’s the best way to do this, but I think it’s the best way to start a new search.
I think that this is a really good way to start a new search. If you want to learn more about a specific piece of code, search that too. | <urn:uuid:847afcb5-00d6-4fb3-a535-b22daf4ac1e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://a1meatsupply.com/javascript-import-function-from-another-file/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941853 | 512 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Friday, September 4, 2020
Respiratory Synovial Virus (RSV) - Term Paper Example Pretty much every kid will have atleast one RSV disease in the initial 3 years of life (Krilov, 2011). The sickness is predominant in many pieces of the world and is related with some grimness and mortality. Death rate anyway is low and under 1 percent even in hospitalized youngsters. Expanded mortality is seen distinctly in high hazard bunches like immunodeficiency, ceaseless lung illness and rashness (Marlais et al, 2011). In these kids, even the emergency clinic stay is drawn out. There is some proof that babies who have endured RSV contamination are probably going to create irregular aspiratory work tests identified with asthma or obstructive illness (Krilov, 2011). It is yet muddled whether the infection itself causes the illness are the individuals who have such issues are inclined to the malady. The sickness happens in all races and both the genders. Reinfection can happen whenever throughout everyday life, with restriction to upper respiratory tract. Virology The infection ha s 10 qualities which encode 11 proteins, M2 has 2 open understanding casings. NS_ and 2 repress the movement of interferon-1. N encodes for the nucleocapsid protein bringing about relationship with the genomic RNA, shaping nucleocapsid. The lattice protein that is basic for viral get together is encoded by M. The viral coat is framed by G, SH and F. G is the surface protein and is glycosylated vigorously. It for the most part works as the protein of connection. F is additionally a surface protein. It principally intervened combination and aides in the section of the infection into the cell and furthermore move of the infection starting with one cell then onto the next through syncytia (Ji, 2009). Site of disease Infection due to RSV is confined to the respiratory tract. In small kids and newborn child, the lower respiratory tract gets included. The infection gets immunized in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and the infection step by step spreads to the lower resp iratory tract through cell-to-cell move along the syncytia (Garzon et al, 2002). Clinical introduction Clinically, the youngster starts with indications of upper respiratory tract contamination and little aviation route illness many show inside 2 days. Clinical highlights incorporate coryza, hack, wheezing, not many crepitations, second rate fever and helpless hunger. In certain kids, the sickness is progressed and shows as withdrawals, cyanosis and low oxygen immersions on oximetry. Auxiliary bacterial contaminations are uncommon with RSV disease, aside from otitis media which happens in 40 percent cases. In exceptionally little newborn children apnea and sepsis like picture can happen. In more seasoned kids, RSV is progressively constrained to upper respiratory tract. In old individuals, RSV is a serious infection (Marlais et al, 2011). In those with immunodeficiency likewise, serious illness happens. On account of diminished oral admission and expanded loss of water through expan ded breathing, kids with RSV contamination are probably going to be dried out (Krilov, 2011). Hazard Factors related with expanded danger of building up the contamination are participation to kid care, lower financial status, swarming, introduction to poisons in the earth like traffic toxins and smoking, nonattendance of bosom taking care of, various births sets and family ancestry of asthma. Other hazard factors incorporate rashness, age under 3 months, inherent coronary illness, ceaseless lung ailment, innate immunodeficiency and extreme neuromuscular
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Talk about what is mean by Universal Grammar. How does the procedure of language obtaining give proof to Universal Grammar. give solid models. What ot - Essay Example Not surprisingly, the organization presently has a prior cutoff time than they had given me, in spite of them still not having given me the whole section, so I trust you're not late. Best, anon Trask (1995) introduced two sorts of proof on the side of Chomsky's hypothesis that the inborn state of the human mind during childbirth clarified language obtaining, a procedure that happens without exertion or immediate or aberrant instructing in youngsters. To start with, in spite of the distinctions in the encounters of youngsters inside and across societies, in hard of hearing and hearing kids, and in the individuals who are and are not intellectually hindered, similar stages in a similar request happen in procuring language. Second, on the side of the job of the human cerebrum during childbirth, there is proof that the individuals who have not been presented to a language past a basic period of 12 or 13 years have not had the option to gain proficiency with the guidelines of a language. Trask (1995) audited proof supporting all inclusive punctuation, an expression portraying Chomsky's progressive hypothesis of psycholinguistics, i.e., there are phonetic universals (shared traits among all dialects), the human mind is prepared during childbirth for the securing of language, and therefore youngsters gain language without either immediate or backhanded guidance. ... over the historical backdrop of human presence, it is deceitful to depict the downfall of the Skinnerian operant-molding model (alluded to by Trask as the impersonation and fortification model,, p. 140) as happening not all that numerous years prior or, all the more significantly, as of late (p. 140). One could give pages of references to help acknowledgment of the short time course of Chomsky's upheaval, yet Pinker, himself a monster in psycholinguistic hypothesis (Rondal, 1993), should do the trick (talk with, Rondal, 1993). Chomsky's hypothesis of language procurement (starting in 1959, refered to in Pinker's meeting, Rondal, 1993) immediately consigned (strange in the sociologies) to a section throughout the entire existence of brain science the then-acknowledged Skinnerian operant-molding hypothesis that infants learn language by fortification of language impersonations. Since most people have watched infants and small kids, it is justifiable that social researchers, among others, would have perceived the basic accuracy of ensnaring the mind during childbirth - by contrasting, for instance, their own battles in learning a subsequent language, regardless of whether in environmental factors where the subsequent language was spoken, without hardly lifting a finger with which youngsters secure a first language, yet no sweat with which settler kids, contrasted with their folks, obtain a subsequent language. Understanding why the hypothesis that language created as a capacity just of experience was acknowle dged in any case requires perceiving the virtual annihilation of test brain research brought about by the earlier behaviorist transformation - which for all intents and purposes prohibited even the idea of natural airs (Watson, 1919, as refered to in Hunt and Ellis, 2004). Along these lines, one may consider Chomsky, not to limit his virtuoso, prepared in phonetics,
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Social Influences on Communication in Groups - Assignment Example So as to complete our overview, the principal task was to fabricate a thorough survey in the wake of distinguishing certain quantifiable builds from our writing audit. The principal strife emerged while settling on the explanations that we ought to remember for the survey so as to gauge ââ¬Å"conformity.â⬠I had recommended that we incorporate ââ¬Å"I hear impacted by the thoughts of my companions while shopping.â⬠This was contradicted by Mike and Janie however in two inverse manners. Mike felt that no one would consent to this announcement since scarcely anybody would bargain while making a buy for oneself though Janie felt that it was a main inquiry and ââ¬Å"obviouslyâ⬠everybody will reply with a yes so as to seem humble and circumspect. This discussion naturally vouched for the consideration of the inquiry, anyway what was apparent from the contention was that Janie and Mike had a place with two inverse worth frameworks. Janie had a progressively collectivist methodology though Mike was a greater amount of a nonconformist, who couldn't see past himself and his reactions while making the poll. Mike was the gathering head and was extremely tyrannical all through the task, he talked more and listened less.
Pick one answer. a. to decrease vulnerability and dangers along the gracefully chain b. to diminish stock levels c. to diminish process duration d. to improve quality control Incorrect Marks for this accommodation: 0/1. Question2 Marks: 1 BI search and content examination are capacities added to the BI framework to oblige: Choose one answer. a. client information b. records c. Web information d. unstructured information Correct Marks for this accommodation: Imprints: 1 Selling books, toys, PCs, and most different items on the Internet decrease merchants offering costs by 20 to 40 percent. What exactly degree can those selling costs be additionally diminished? Pick one answer. a. Further decrease is hard to accomplish in light of the fact that the items must be conveyed truly. b. Further decreases up to 75 percent can be accomplished with the development of remote or portable trade. c. Minor decreases can be accomplished with the development of remote or portable business. d. Minor decreases can be accomplished for firms with expanded piece of the pie. We will compose a custom article test on Informations Systems Principles or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Right Marks for this accommodation: Question4 Marks: 1 Because re-appropriating moves a portion of the undertakings inner procedures and assets to outside merchants, redistributing choices include the entirety of the accompanying issues aside from: Choose one answer. a. complex lawful agreements b. installment plans c. separation d. administration level understandings Incorrect Marks for this accommodation: 0/1. Question5 Marks: 1 E-trade applications are upheld by foundation and by every one of the accompanying help territories aside from: Choose one answer. a. Individuals b. Open arrangement c. Showcasing and promotion d. Cell phones Correct Marks for this accommodation: Question6 Marks: 1 The creation and activities the board (POM) work in an association is liable for: Choose one answer. a. Records of all records to be paid and those owed by clients. b. The procedures that change contributions to helpful yields. c. Exchange records of all things sent or got, including returns. d. Reports on consistence with government guidelines and expenses.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Last Year Core Unit Corporate and Global Strategy Hemis Code: 5J3060 UNIT HANDBOOK 2011/2012 Tutors: Maria Allen Room 901d 0161 247 6527 m. [emailâ protected] air conditioning. uk Carole Forbes Room 901a 0161 247 3830 c. [emailâ protected] air conditioning. uk Dr. Panagiotis Kokkalis Room 808a 0161 247 6641 p. [emailâ protected] air conditioning. uk Rationale Strategic administration has become a fundamental component for firms working in the worldwide economy, which is portrayed by its significant level of incorporation and cross-national activity. Key administration issues identify with all parts of an association, incorporating its relationship with nature and its interior procedures. As needs be, a huge measure of research has been directed and distributed in the scholarly field of key administration. However, a long way from indicating an agreement, this writing is populated by an assorted variety of approaches, schools of musings, and ideal models. Understanding vital administration involves examining customary and standard ways to deal with accomplishing and continuing upper hand, just as assessing new and nnovative methods of arranging and strategising in a worldwide domain. Points * To give experiences into the ideas identifying with corporate and worldwide system with regards to global, universal and little to medium undertakings * To distinguish the effect of miniaturized scale and large scale impacts on hierarchical strategising * To comprehend factors engaged with vital dynamic procedures Unit Learning Outcomes On f inishing this unit, you ought to have the option to: 1. Recognize the key corporate and worldwide level key administration ideas. 2. Scrutinize the ideas identifying with the corporate and worldwide degrees of system corresponding to a scope of global and little to medium business endeavors. 3. Theoretical from the worldwide condition the key variables driving vital change. 4. Fundamentally assess the methodologies of a scope of ventures engaged with both assembling and administration territories of business. 5. Measure the effect of worldwide drivers on the activity and improvement of global endeavors. 6. Think inventively and build up the capacity to perceive distinctive vital speculations and practices in associations. Appraisal Coursework 40% containing one component â⬠an individual key examination report surveying learning results 2, 4, 5, 6. (See the brief underneath) Examination 60% â⬠surveying learning results 1, 2, 3, and 6 Assessment BA (HONS) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BA (HONS) BUSINESS STUDIES COMBINED Honors CORPORATE AND GLOBAL STRATEGY You are required to direct a key investigation of a universal organization of your decision. You ought to pick an organization wherein you have worked; have some information, or one that has a high media profile. On the off chance that you are in question about your decision of organization, counsel your guide. You should use as the concentration for your examination a theme taken from the talk program and apply this to your picked association to take a gander at the specific parts of the technique inside that association. Notwithstanding, this ought to be set with regards to the more extensive condition in which the association works. It is significant that you relate pertinent hypothetical systems to the exact data (information) you have accumulated so as to examine, and not simply depict the organisationââ¬â¢s procedure. You should intend to assess the practicality of the firmââ¬â¢s current methodology and make any proposals for changes to the system that you consider to be fitting. This explanatory report ought to be close to 3,500 words long, ought to exhibit your capacity to recognize and utilize important scholastic ideas, hypotheses and models, and ought to be completely referenced utilizing the Harvard referencing framework (allude to models in handbook). It would be ideal if you go to the task planning instructional exercises (see plan beneath) where you will be given additional data about the necessary substance and extent of the work. In case of a late accommodation, college guidelines will apply. Accommodation date: Week starting sixteenth January 2012 An appraisal expert forma is joined underneath for direction. MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL Course: BA (Hons) Business, BA Combined Honors; BA (Hons) Business Studies Year: FinalSubject: Corporate and Global Strategy| Assignment: Strategic AnalysisStudent:Tutor:| Mark:| 1st:(as 2. I +) inventive, imaginative, scholarly profundity, phenomenal nature of work| 2. :able, complete, knowledge and perception, investigative and basic, all out lucidity | 2. ii:adequate, great inclusion, some stable examination, permissible defects | 3rd:just adequate, some hypothesis, some perception, imperfect however not falling flat | Fail:Simply deficient OR absolutely uncritical OR no investigation OR lacking material| THE INTRODUCTION lays the right foundation; and it shows the territories to be secured, and in what request. | first 2. I 2. ii third Fail| | THE LI TERATURE/SOURCES/reviewed is sufficient in sum and quality, and is applicable to the chosen theme. first 2. I 2. ii third Fail| | The DEPTH OF ANALYSIS is adequate, with a basic methodology; basic ideas are researched. No unsupported explanations: there is proof for significant contentions. | first 2. I 2. ii third Fail| | THE APPLICATION OF RELEVANT MODELS has a fitting concentration in the investigation of the particular organization. | first 2. I 2. ii third Fail | THE CONCLUSIONS, drawn from the investigation are practical and intelligent| first 2. I 2. I third Fail| | As an ACADEMIC REPORT, the language is fitting, the structure is clear and show, and right types of scholastic referencing are utilized. | first 2. I 2. ii third Fail| | Other remarks: Teaching and Learning Strategy Learning will be through a blend of talks, courses, conversations, perusing and video material. Understudies will be urged to discuss ideas and apply them to down to earth business circumstances and th eir own business encounters. Talks will be supplemented by classes in which understudies have the pportunity to apply the hypothetical structures that are shrouded in the talks and increase a top to bottom comprehension of individual productions around there. Workshops will appear as gathering work, understudy introductions and conversations (concentrated on course reading material and diary articles) contextual analyses and criticism. Instructional exercises The instructional exercises are planned to furnish understudies with the chance to increase a more top to bottom comprehension of scholarly examinations and apply hypothetical systems to the investigation of certifiable associations. Instructional exercises occur each week and ordinarily comprise of gathering conversation and gathering introductions where proper. Understudies will be relied upon to get ready for the instructional exercises by embraced their own exploration and completing the assigned perusing. Where understudies are distributed a particular article/paper/section to get ready, they ought to sum up it, present the central matters and afterward remark on/study it. To adequately study the piece, understudies should research and read around the subject. It is normal that all understudies will peruse and plan for these instructional exercises and contribute effectively to them. The suggested course reading is Bob de Wit and Ron Meyer ââ¬ËStrategy Process, Contentââ¬â¢, Context, an International Perspectiveââ¬â¢ fourth Edition, Thomson. A portion of the assigned preliminary perusing sections will be from this content. In any case, the suggested course reading doesn't cover each part of the unit and extra perusing from books and diary articles are demonstrated for the significant points, to help the substance of each talk and the instructional exercise conversations. The accompanying project is characteristic just; the request, explicit substance, exercises and dispensed readings are liable to change and revisions. Week/C| Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| Term 126 Sept| 1. Prologue to course points and destinations, content audit educating/learning game plans, task and assessmentCarole Forbes/Maria Allen/Panagiotis Kokkalis| No Tutorial| Practice getting to diary articles from the library electronic assets and Google researcher. Look for:Porter, M. E. (1996)Whittington, R. 2004)| 3 Oct| 2. Causes and ââ¬Ënatureââ¬â¢ of Strategy. Panagiotis Kokkalis| Groups framing. Prologue to basic examination. | Read: Porter (1996) Whittington (2004)| 10 Oct| 3. Hypothesis of the firm and business hypothesis Panagiotis Kokkalis| Origins of methodology Readings discussion| Origins of technique Readings:Porter (1996) Whittington (2004)| 17 Oct| 4. System formationPanagiotis Kokkalis| Assignment workshop 1| Decide on a point and a companyCHANGE IS E XCLUDED. | 24 Oct| 5. RBVPanagiotis Kokkalis| Strategy formationReadings discussion| Strategy arrangement. Readings:Mintzberg and McHugh, (1985)| 31 OCT â⬠4 NOV â⬠RED WEEK| Week/C| Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| 7 Nov| 6. Skills and CapabilitiesCarole Forbes| Strategy FormationReadings discussion| Strategy FormationReadings:Hodgkinson and Clarke (2007)| 14 Nov| 7. KnowledgePanagiotis Kokkalis| Resource Based ViewReadings conversation | Resource Based ViewReading:Barney (1991)| 21 Nov| 8. Vital ThinkingPanagiotis Kokkalis| Competences and CapabilitiesReadings discussion| Competences and CapabilitiesReadings:Teece et. al. (1997)| 28 Nov| 9. LeadershipMaria Allen| Knowledge Based ViewReadings discussion| Kowledge Based ViewReadings:Nonaka (1994)| 5 Dec| 10. The International ContextMaria Allen| Workshop| Draft report| 12 Dec| No Lectures on this course| Drop In| | 16 DEC â⬠9 JAN 2012 â⬠CHRISTMAS BREAK| | Lectures| Tutorials| Preparatory reading| Term2201209 Jan| 11. Drivers of Globalization and FDIMaria Allen| Knowledge Based ViewReadings discussion| Knowledge Based ViewReadings:Szulanski (1996)| 16 Jan| 12. Vital AlliancesCarole Forbes ASSIGNMENT DUE| LeadershipReadings discussion| LeadershipReadings:Cyert (1990)| 23 Jan| 13. Structure of enterprises and showcases and the general government and business contextMaria Allen| LeadershipReadings
Saturday, August 8, 2020
How a Productivity Consultant Uses MindMeister with Clients This is the first in our new series of sharing remarkable MindMeister stories and features Helen Crozier, Productivity Consultant based in Sydney, Australia. Got an interesting MindMeister usage story we should know about? Let us know! Helen Crozier is an independent Productivity and Technology consultant based in Sydney, Australia. Building on over 10 years of independent coaching experience, Helen works with clients from a wide variety of industries, tailoring her recommendations to each individual situation. One of Helenâs âgo-toâ tools to help these individuals organize and prioritize is MindMeister. Without a solid way to visualize and organize their lives, Helen is most often confronted with individuals that are simply overwhelmed. With project A due next week, project B three weeks from now, next yearâs budget submitted for approval by the end of the quarter, keeping up with social and business networking connections, and a growing inbox, Helen has seen more than a few project deadlines fall by the wayside, ultimately resulting in an even larger to-do list, less productivity, and opportunities lost. Helenâs first task with her clients is to obtain a general overview of where they stand. The first step in this process is to put it all into a mind map. Once a general âbrain dumpâ has been completed, Helen and her client then begin breaking items down into top-level nodes. They then continue this process until each item is properly categorized. With a birdâs eye view of their life, clients are quick to point out imbalances in particular projects and plans. Together, they use this mind map as a strategy map and begin the process of increasing productivity. Once I show MindMeister to my clients, 9 times out of 10 the first thing they say is, Wow! I could use that! I could use that with my clients!' From Helenâs side, using MindMeister helps her to zero in on exactly what her clients need and what they donât. If a client has a heavy focus on âIâm falling behind in my email communications,â she knows immediately which areas of her technology toolkit to draw from. Tapping into MindMeisterâs sharing and task management tools, both Helen and her clients are able to stay on track and achieve their goals. Clients use the task management features to plan and organize their day/week/month. Helen uses the task management feature to make sure that her clients are in fact using the system, and getting things done. Prior to using MindMeister Helen had, âno solution that could do this for me.â By using MindMeisterâs collaboration features, sheâs able to work simultaneously with her clients even when not physically in the same space. Likewise, through using the MindMeister task system, both Helen and her clients can remain in sync and on track. Since using MindMeister, Helen reports that sheâs been able to do more in less time, ultimately resulting in being able to take on more clients simultaneously and increasing her billable hours by 50%. Sydney, Australia Business Productivity Consultant Helen Crozier can be found at businessproductivitygenius.com or on Twitter @helencrozier Improve your productivity with mind mapping
Tuesday, June 23, 2020
Introduction This dissertation is primarily concerned with the arguments that are currently active in relation to the benefits and disadvantages of having either an active or passive third stage of labour. We shall examine this issue from several angles including the currently accepted medical opinions as expressed in the peer reviewed press, the perspective of various opinions expressed by women in labour and theevidence base to support these opinions. It is a generally accepted truism that if there is controversy surrounding a subject, then this implies that there is not a sufficiently strong evidence base to settle the argument one way or the other. (De Martino B et al. 2006). In the case of this particular subject, this is possibly not true, as the evidence base is quite robust (and we shall examine this in due course). Midwifery deals with situations that are steeped in layers of strongly felt emotion, and this has a great tendency to colour rational argument. Blind belief in one area often appears to stem from total disbelief in another (Baines D. 2001) and in consideration of some of the literature in this area this would certainly appear to be true. Let us try to examine the basic facts of the arguments together with the evidence base that supports them. In the civilised world it is estimated that approximately 515,000 currently die annually from problems directly related to pregnancy. (extrapolated from Hill K et al. 2001). The largest single category of such deaths occur within 4 hrs. of delivery, most commonly from post partum haemorrhage and its complications (AbouZahr C 1998), the most common factor in such cases being uterine atony. (Ripley D L 1999). Depending on the area of the world (as this tends to determine the standard of care and resources available), post partum haemorrhage deaths constitutes between 10-60% of all maternal deaths (AbouZahr C 1998). Statistically, the majority of such maternal deaths occur in the developing countries where women may receive inappropriate, unskilled or inadequate care during labour or the post partum period. (PATH 2001). In developed countries the vast majority of these deaths could be (and largely are) avoided with effective obstetric intervention. (WHO 1994). One of the central argumen ts that we shall deploy in favour of the active management of the third stage of labour is the fact that relying on the identification of risk factors for women at risk of haemorrhage does not appear to decrease the overall figures for post partum haemorrhage morbidity or mortality as more than 70% of such cases of post partum haemorrhage occur in women with no identifiable risk factors. (Atkins S 1994). Prendiville, in his recently published Cochrane review (Prendiville W J et al. 2000) states that: where maternal mortality from haemorrhage is high, evidence-based practices that reduce haemorrhage incidence, such as active management of the third stage of labour, should always be followed It is hard to rationally counter such an argument, particularly in view of the strength of the evidence base presented in the review, although we shall finish this dissertation with a discussion of a paper by Stevenson which attempts to provide a rational counter argument in this area. It could be argued that the management of the third stage of labour, as far as formal teaching and published literature is concerned, is eclipsed by the other two stages (Baskett T F 1999). Cunningham agrees with this viewpoint with the observation that a current standard textbook of obstetrics (unnamed) devotes only 4 of its 1,500 pages to the third stage of labour but a huge amount more to the complications that can arise directly after the delivery of the baby (Cunningham, 2001). Donald makes the comment This indeed is the unforgiving stage of labour, and in it there lurks more unheralded treachery than in both the other stages combined. The normal case can, within a minute, become abnormal and successful delivery can turn swiftly to disaster. (Donald, 1979). chapter 1:define third stage of labour, The definition of the third stage of labour varies between authorities in terms of wording, but in functional terms there is general agreement that it is the part of labour that starts directly after the birth of the baby and concludes with the successful delivery of the placenta and the foetal membranes. Functionally, it is during the third stage of labour that the myometrium contracts dramatically and causes the placenta to separate from the uterine wall and then subsequently expelled from the uterine cavity. This stage can be managed actively or observed passively. Practically, it is the speed with which this stage is accomplished which effectively dictates the volume of blood that is eventually lost. It follows that if anything interferes with this process then the risk of increased blood loss gets greater. If the uterus becomes atonic, the placenta does not separate efficiently and the blood vessels that had formally supplied it are not actively constricted. (Chamberlain G et al. 1999). We shall discuss this process in greater detail shortly. Proponents of passive management of the third stage of labour rely on the normal physiological processes to shut down the bleeding from the placental site and to expel the placenta. Those who favour active management use three elements of management. One is the use of an ecbolic drug given in the minute after delivery of the baby and before the placenta is delivered. The second element is early clamping and cutting of the cord and the third is the use of controlled cord traction to facilitate the delivery of the placenta. We shall discuss each of these elements in greater detail in due course. The rationale behind active management of the third stage of labour is basically that by speeding up the natural delivery of the placenta, one can allow the uterus to contract more efficiently thereby reducing the total blood loss and minimising the risk of post partum haemorrhage. (ODriscoll K 1994) discuss optimal practice, Let us start our consideration of optimal practice with a critical analysis of the paper by Cherine (Cherine M et al. 2004) which takes a collective overview of the literature on the subject. The authors point to the fact that there have been a number of large scale randomised controlled studies which have compared the outcomes of labours which have been either actively or passively managed. One of the biggest difficulties that they experienced was the inconsistency of terminology on the subject, as a number of healthcare professionals had reported management as passive when there had been elements of active management such as controlled cord traction and early cord clamping. As an overview, they were able to conclude that actively managed women had a lower prevalence of post partum haemorrhage, a shorter third stage of labour, reduced post partum anaemia, less need for blood transfusion or therapeutic oxytocics (Prendiville W J et al. 2001). Other factors derived from the paper include the observation that the administration of oxytocin before delivery of the placenta (rather than afterwards), was shown to decrease the overall incidence of post partum haemorrhage, the overall amount of blood loss, the need for additional uterotonic drugs, the need for blood transfusions when compared to deliveries with similar duration of the third stage of labour as a control. In addition to all of this they noted that there was no increased incidence of the condition of retained placenta. (Elbourne D R et al. 2001). The evidence base for these comments is both robust and strong. On the face of it, there seems therefore little to recommend the adoption of passive manage ment of the third stage of labour. Earlier we noted the difficulties in definition of active management of the third stage of labour. In consideration of any individual paper where interpretation of the figures are required, great care must therefore be taken in assessing exactly what is being measured and compared. Cherine points to the fact that some respondents categorised their management as passive management of the third stage of labour when, in reality they had used some aspect of active management. They may not have used ecbolic drugs (this was found to be the case in 19% of the deliveries considered). This point is worth considering further as oxytocin was given to 98% of the 148 women in the trial who received ecbolic. In terms of optimum management 34% received the ecbolic at the appropriate time (as specified in the management protocols as being before the delivery of the placenta and within one minute of the delivery of the baby). For the remaining 66%, it was given incorrectly, either after the delivery of the placenta or, in one case, later than one minute after the delivery of the baby. Further analysis of the practices reported that where uterotonic drugs were given, cord traction was not done in 49%, and early cord clamping not done in 7% of the deliveries observed where the optimum active management of the third stage of labour protocols were not followed. From an analytical point of view, we should cite the evidence base to suggest the degree to which these two practices are associated with morbidity. Walter P et al. 1999 state that their analysis of their data shows that early cord clamping and controlled cord traction are shown to be associated with a shorter third stage and lower mean blood loss, whereas Mitchelle (G G et al. 2005) found them to be associated with a lower incidence of retained placenta. Other considerations relating to the practice of early cord clamping are that it reduces the degree of mother to baby blood transfusion. It is clear that giving uterotonic drugs without early clamping will cause the myometrium to contract and physically squeeze the placenta, thereby accelerating the both the speed and the total quantity of the transfusion. This has the effect of upsetting the physiological balance of the blood volume between baby and placenta, and can cause a number of undesirable effects in the baby including an increased tendency to jaundice. (Rogers J et al. 1998) The major features that are commonly accepted as being characteristic of active management and passive management of the third stage of labour are set out below. Physiological Versus Active Management . . Physiological Management Active Management Uterotonic None or after placenta delivered With delivery of anterior shoulder or baby Uterus Assessment of size and tone Assessment of size and tone Cord traction None Application of controlled cord traction* when uterus contracted Cord clamping Variable Early (After Smith J R et al. 1999) physiology of third stage The physiology of the third stage can only be realistically considered in relation to some of the elements which occur in the preceding months of pregnancy. The first significant consideration are the changes in haemodynamics as the pregnancy progresses. The maternal blood volume increases by a factor of about 50% (from about 4 litres to about 6litres). (Abouzahr C 1998) This is due to a disproportionate increase in the plasma volume over the RBC volume which is seen clinically with a physiological fall in both Hb and Heamatocrit values. Supplemental iron can reduce this fall particularly if the woman concerned has poor iron reserves or was anaemic before the pregnancy began. The evolutionary physiology behind this change revolves around the fact that the placenta (or more accurately the utero-placental unit) has low resistance perfusion demands which are better served by a high circulating blood volume and it also provides a buffer for the inevitable blood loss that occurs at the time of delivery. (Dansereau J et al. 1999). The high progesterone levels encountered in pregnancy are also relevant insofar as they tend to reduce the general vascular tone thereby increase venous pooling. This, in turn, reduces the venous return to the heart and this would (if not compensated for by the increased blood volume) lead to hypotension which would contribute to reductions in levels of foetal oxygenation. (Baskett T F 1999). Coincident and concurrent with these heamodynamic changes are a number of physiological changes in the coagulation system. There is seen to be a sharp increase in the quantity of most of the clotting factors in the blood and a functional decrease in the fibrinolytic activity. (Carroli G et al. 2002). Platelet levels are observed to fall. This is thought to be due to a combination of factors. Haemodilution is one and a low level increase in platelet utilisation is also thought to be relevant. The overall functioning of the platelet system is rarely affected. All of these changes are mediated by the dramatic increase in the levels of circulating oestrogen. The relevance of these considerations is clear when we consider that one of the main hazards facing the mother during the third stage of labour is that of haemorrhage. (Soltani H et al. 2005) and the changes in the haemodynamics are largely germinal to this fact. The other major factor in our considerations is the efficiency of the haemostasis produced by the uterine contraction in the third stage of labour. The prime agent in the immediate control of blood loss after separation of the placenta, is uterine contraction which can exert a physical pressure on the arterioles to reduce immediate blood loss. Clot formation and the resultant fibrin deposition, although they occur rapidly, only become functional after the coagulation cascade has triggered off and progressed. Once operative however, this secondary mechanism becomes dominant in securing haemostasis in the days following delivery. (Sleep, 1993). The uterus both grows and enlarges as pregnancy progresses under the primary influence of oestrogen. The organ itself changes from a non-gravid weight of about 70g and cavity volume of about 10 ml. to a fully gravid weight of about 1.1 kg. and a cavity capacity of about 5 litres. This growth, together with the subsequent growth of the feto-placental unit is fed by the increased blood volume and blood flow through the uterus which, at term, is estimated to be about 5-800 ml/min or approximately 10-15% of the total cardiac output (Thilaganathan B et al. 1993). It can therefore be appreciated why haemorrhage is a significant potential danger in the third stage of labour with potentially 15% of the cardiac output being directed towards a raw placental bed. The physiology of the third stage of labour also involves the mechanism of placental expulsion. After the baby has been delivered, the uterus continues to contract rhythmically and this reduction in size causes a shear line to form at the utero-placental junction. This is thought to be mainly a physical phenomenon as the uterus is capable of contraction, whereas the placenta (being devoid of muscular tissue) is not. We should note the characteristic of the myometrium which is unique in the animal kingdom, and this is the ability of the myometrial fibres to maintain its shortened length after each contraction and then to be able to contract further with subsequent contractions. This characteristic results in a progressive and (normally) fairy rapid reduction in the overall surface area of the placental site. (Sanborn B M et al. 1998) In the words of Rogers (J et al. 1998), by this mechanism the placenta is undermined, detached, and propelled into the lower uterine segment. Other physiological mechanisms also come into play in this stage of labour. Placental separation also occurs by virtue of the physical separation engendered by the formation of a sub-placental haematoma. This is brought about by the dual mechanisms of venous occlusion and vascular rupture of the arterioles and capillaries in the placental bed and is secondary to the uterine contractions (Sharma J B et al. 2005). The physiology of the normal control of this phenomenon is both unique and complex. The structure of the uterine side of the placental bed is a latticework of arterioles that spiral around and inbetween the meshwork of interlacing and interlocking myometrial fibrils. As the myometrial fibres progressively shorten, they effectively actively constrict the arterioles by kinking them . Baskett (T F 1999) refers to this action and structure as the living ligatures and physiologic sutures of the uterus. These dramatic effects are triggered and mediated by a number of mechanisms. The actual definitive trigger for labour is still a matter of active debate, but we can observe that the myometrium becomes significantly more sensitive to oxytocin towards the end of the pregnancy and the amounts of oxytocin produced by the posterior pituitary glad increase dramatically just before the onset of labour. (GÃÆ'Ã ¼lmezoglu A M et al. 2001) It is known that the F-series, and some other) prostaglandins are equally active and may have a role to play in the genesis of labour. (Gulmezoglu A M et al. 2004) From an interventional point of view, we note that a number of synthetic ergot alkaloids are also capable of causing sustained uterine contractions. (Elbourne D R et al. 2002) chapter 2 discuss active management, criteria, implications for mother and fetus. This dissertation is asking us to consider the essential differences between active management and passive management of the third stage of labour. In this segment we shall discuss the principles of active management and contrast them with the principles of passive management. Those clinicians who practice the passive management of the third stage of labour put forward arguments that mothers have been giving birth without the assistance of the trained healthcare professionals for millennia and, to a degree, the human body is the product of evolutionary forces which have focussed upon the perpetuation of the species as their prime driving force. Whilst accepting that both of these concepts are manifestly true, such arguments do not take account of the natural wastage that drives such evolutionary adaptations. In human terms such natural wastage is simply not ethically or morally acceptable in modern society. (Sugarman J et al. 2001) There may be some validity in the arguments that natural processes will achieve normal separation and delivery of the placenta and may lead to fewer complications and if the patient should suffer from post partum haemorrhage then there are techniques, medications and equipment that can be utilised to contain and control the clinical situation. Additional arguments are invoked that controlled cord traction can increase the risk of uterine inversion and ecbolic drugs can increase the risks of other complications such as retained placenta and difficulties in delivering an undiagnosed twin. (El-Refaey H et al. 2003) The proponents of active management counter these arguments by suggesting that the use of ecbolic agents reduces the risks of post partum haemorrhage, faster separation of the placenta, reduction of maternal blood loss. Inversion of the uterus can be avoided by using only gentle controlled cord traction when the uterus is well contracted together with the controlling of the uterus by the Brandt-Andrews manoeuvre. The arguments relating to the undiagnosed second twin are loosing ground as this eventuality is becoming progressively more rare. The advent of ultrasound together with the advent of protocols which call for the mandatory examination of the uterus after the birth and before the administration of the ecbolic agent effectively minimise this possibility. (Prendiville, 2002). If we consider the works of Prendiville (referred to above) we note the meta-analyses done of the various trials on the comparison of active management against the passive management of the third stage of labour and find that active management consistently leads to several benefits when compared to passive management. The most significant of which are set out below. Benefits of Active Management Versus Physiological Management Outcome Control Rate, % Relative Risk 95% CI* NNT 95% CI PPH 500 mL 14 0.38 0.32-0.46 12 10-14 PPH 1000 mL 2.6 0.33 0.21-0.51 55 42-91 Hemoglobin 9 g/dL 6.1 0.4 0.29-0.55 27 20-40 Blood transfusion 2.3 0.44 0.22-0.53 67 48-111 Therapeutic uterotonics 17 0.2 0.17-0.25 7 6-8 *95% confidence interval Number needed to treat (After Prendiville, 2002). The statistics obtained make interesting consideration. In these figures we can deduce that for every 12 patients receiving active management (rather than passive management) one post partum haemorrhage is avoided and further extrapolation suggests that for every 67 patients managed actively one blood transfusion is avoided. With regard to the assertions relating to problems with a retained placenta, there was no evidence to support it, indeed the figures showed that there was no increase in the incidence of retained placenta. Equally it was noted that the third stage of labour was significantly shorter in the actively managed group. In terms of significance for the mother there were negative findings in relation to active management and these included a higher incidence of raised blood pressure post delivery (the criteria used being 100 mm Hg). Higher incidences of reported nausea and vomiting were also found although these were apparently related to the use of ergot ecbolic and not with oxytocin. This is possibly a reflection of the fact that ergot acts on all smooth muscle (including the gut) whereas the oxytocin derivatives act only on uterine muscle. (Dansereau, 1999). None of the trials included in the meta-analysis reported and incidence of either uterine inversions or undiagnosed second twins. Critical analysis of these findings would have to consider that one would have to envisage truly enormous study cohorts in order to obtain statistical significance with these very rare events. (Concato, J et al. 2000) With specific regard to the mother and baby we note some authors recommend the use of early suckling as nipple stimulation is thought to increase uterine contractions and thereby reduce the likelihood of post partum haemorrhage. Studies have shown that this does not appear to be the case (Bullough, 1989), although the authors suggest that it should still be recommended as it promotes both bonding and breastfeeding. The most important element of active management of the third stage of labour is the administration of an ecbolic agent directly after the delivery of the anterior shoulder or within a minute of the complete delivery of the baby. The significance of the anterior shoulder delivery is that if the ecbolic is given prior to delivery of the anterior shoulder then there is a significantly increased risk of shoulder dystocia which, with a strongly contracting uterus, can be technically very difficult to reduce and will have significant detrimental effects on the baby by reducing its oxygen supply from the placenta still further. The fundal height should be assessed immediately after delivery to exclude the possibility of an undiagnosed second twin. (Sandler L C et al. 2000) There are a number of different (but widely accepted) protocols for ecbolic administration. Commonly, 10 IU of oxytocin is given intramuscularly or occasionally a 5 IU IV bolus. Ergot compounds should be avoided in patients who have raised blood pressure, migraine and Raynauds phenomenon. (Pierre, 1992). The issue of early clamping of the cord is complex and, of the three components of the active management of the third stage of labour this, arguably, gives rise to the least demonstrable benefits in terms of the evidence base in the literature. We have already discussed the increased incidence of postnatal jaundice in the newborn infant if cord clamping is delayed but this has to be offset against both the occasional need for the invoking of prompt resuscitation measures (i.e. cord around the neck) or the reduction in the incidence of childhood anaemia and higher iron stores (Gupta, 2002). In a very recent paper, Mercer also points to the lower rates of neonatal intraventricular haemorrhage although it has to be said that the evidence base is less secure in this area. (Mercer J S et al. 2006) Other foetal issues are seldom encountered in this regard except for the comparatively rare occurrence when some form of dystocia occurs and the infant had to be manipulated and represented (viz. the Zavanelli procedure). If the cord has already been divided then this effectively deprives the infant of any possibility of placental support while the manoeuvre is being carried out with consequences that clearly could be fatal. (Thornton J G et al. 1999) In the recent past, the emergence of the practice of harvesting foetal stem cells from the cord blood may also have an influence on the timing of the clamping but this should not interfere with issues relating to the clinical management of the third stage. (Lavender T et al. 2006) There are some references in the literature to the practice of allowing the placenta to exsanguinate after clamping of the distal portion as some authorities suggest that this may aid in both separation (Soltani H et al. 2005) and delivery (Sharma J P et al. 2005). of the placenta. It has to be noted that such references are limited in their value to the evidence base and perhaps it would be wiser to consider this point unproven. We have searched the literature for trials that consider the effect of controlled cord traction without the administration of embolic drugs. The only published trial on the issue suggested that controlled cord traction, when used alone to deliver the placenta, had no positive effect on the incidence of post partum haemorrhage (Jackson, 2001). The same author also considered the results of the administration of ecbolic agents directly after placental delivery and found that the results (in terms of post partum haemorrhage at least), were similar to those obtained with ecbolics given with the anterior shoulder delivery, although an earlier trial (Zamora, 1999) showed that active management (as above) did result in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of post partum haemorrhage when compared to controlled cord traction and ecbolics at the time of placental delivery. In this segment we should also consider the situation where the atonic uterus (in passive management of the third stage of labour) can result in the placenta becoming detached but remaining at the level of the internal os. This can be clinically manifest by a lengthening of the cord but no subsequent delivery of the placenta. In these circumstances the placental site can continue to bleed and the uterus can fill with blood, which distends the uterus and thereby increases the tendency for the placental site to bleed further. This clearly has very significant implications for the mother. (Neilson J et al. 2003) There are other issues which impact on the foetal and maternal wellbeing in this stage of the delivery but these are generally not a feature issues relating to the active or passive management of the third stage of labour and therefore will not be considered further. There are a number of other factors which can influence the progress of the third stage of labour and these can be iatrogenic. Concurrent administration of some drugs can affect the physiology of the body in such a way as to change the way it responds to normal physiological processes. On a first principles basis, one could suggest that, from what we have already discussed, any agent that causes relaxation of the myometrium or a reduction in uterine tone could potentially interfere with the efficient contraction of the uterine musculature in the third stage and thereby potentially increase the incidence of post partum haemorrhage. Beta-agonists (the sympathomimetic group) work by relaxing smooth muscle via the beta-2 pathway. The commonest of these is salbutamol. When given in its usual form of an inhaler for asthma, the blood levels are very small indeed and therefore scarcely clinically significant but higher doses may well exert a negative effect in this respect. (Steer P et al. 1999) The NSAIA group have two potential modes of action that can interfere with the third stage. Firstly they have an action on the platelet function and can impair the clotting process which potentially could interfere with the bodys ability to achieve haemostasis after placental delivery. (Li D-K et al. 2003) Secondly their main mode of therapeutic action is via the prostaglandin pathway (inhibitory action) and, as such they are often used for the treatment of both uterine cramping, dysmenorrhoea and post delivery afterpains. (Nielsen G L et al. 2001) They achieve their effect by reducing the ability of the myometrium to contract and, as such, clearly are contraindicated when strong uterine contractions are required, both in the immediate post partum period and if any degree of post partum haemorrhage has occurred. Other commonly used medications can also interfere with the ability of the myometrium to contract. The calcium antagonist group (e.g. nifedipine) are able to do this (Pittrof R et al. 1996) and therefore are changed for an alternative medication if their cardiovascular effects need to be maintained. (Khan R K et al. 1998) We should also note that some anaesthetic agents can inhibit myometrium contractility. Although they are usually of rapid onset of action, and therefore rapid elimination from the body, they may still be clinically significant if given at the time of childbirth for some form of operative vaginal delivery. (GÃÆ'Ã ¼lmezoglu A et al. 2003) relevant legal and ethical issues related to topic and midwife, Many of the legal and ethical issues in this area revolve around issues of consent, which we shall discuss in detail shortly, and competence. Professional competence is an area which is difficult to define and is evolving as the status of the midwife, together with the technical expectations expected of her, increase with the advance of technology. In general terms the areas of professional competence are defined in both legal and ethical terms. These two areas commonly overlap but they do differ in a number of ways. The ethical duty of non-malificence is essentially an obligation not to do harm to the patient. The legal consideration of this point is rather broader insofar as the law requires that not only do you (as a midwife) have to ensure that you do no harm to the patient but that you also have a duty to ensure that no harm comes to the patient by other means. This essentially means that the healthcare professionals concerned must speak out if they are aware of the possibility of potential harm to the patient. (Halpern S D 2005) In the context of this dissertation we could cite the hypothetical example of an obstetrician who was practicing passive management of the third stage of labour in direct conflict with the evidence base in the area. This would require a professional midwife to voice her concerns on the matter and she would be held legally liable if she simply acquiesced in silence. (Dimond. B. 2001). Another example (and supported by legal precedent would be the liability of a midwife who did not speak as the patients advocate if the obstetrician was incapacitated by illness or (for example) alcohol. (Re C 1994) In broad terms, the issues enshrined in the area of professional competence are encapsulated in the Bolam Principle. (Hunt T 1994). This states that a healthcare professional should not be held as negligent if he or she acts in accordance with the practice accepted at the time by a reasonable body of medical opinion. in effect, this principle is saying that it is neither reasonable nor practical to expect every professional to achieve expert status in every field of their clinical practice. When acting in a clinical sphere, the healthcare professional should effectively go to lengths that another reasonable practitioner would go to then they would not be considered negligent. (Clarke J E et al 1997). This principle effectively allows common sense to prevail. It is of particular importance in the next section where we shall consider issues of informed consent. A balance must be drawn between what is possible and what is necessary. There is no merit in covering ones self by explaining all possible eventualities to a patient if the net result is that the patient is going to be unrealistically terrified of the potential hazards of a procedure. We shall discuss this in detail shortly. We can conclude this section on negligence with the overview that it has been accepted that if a healthcare professional can point to or cite evidence that has been published in a reputable peer reviewed journal with a secure evidence base, then it is unlikely to be successfully challenged. The greater the evidence base for a specific course of action, the less likely it is that it can be disputed. (Hewison, A. 2004) informed choice and informed consent, Healthcare professionals in general, and midwives in particular, are constantly confronted with the issue of consent. Some situations are tacitly taken for granted simply because there is a general understanding that if the patient allows contact, such as having their face washed, then there is the implication of consent. At the other end of the clinical spectrum, if a patient needs a LSCS and has arrived in the anaesthetic room, they are not realistically in a position to leave if they so choose. Given these circumstances it is vital that the patient has been in a position to have given informed consent which means that it should have been carefully and considerately explained to them beforehand. Consent is the difference between therapy and assault (Veitch RM 2002). This comment is essentially at the forefront of our considerations here. Even in antiquity there was general agreement that consent was necessary. There are surviving texts from the days of Hippocrates which suggest that although the healthcare professionals of the day had an obligation to do their best for the patient there was no formal obligation on the part of the patient to have to accept what was advised. In reality, we can reflect on the fact that many of the treatments of those days were clearly gross and the issue of consent would actually have been less of a matter of contention simply by virtue of the fact that the patient would clearly have had to have made up their mind to accept the treatment if they turned up to see the physician at all. (Carrick P 2000). The realities of today mean that there are a great many more subtleties to consider and we now have the benefit and guidance of the advice given by the Good Practice in Consent Initiative Group which was a direct result of the requirements of the NHS Plan that proper consent must be sought from all NHS patients and research subjects. (DOH 2000). It was set up under the auspices of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence which noted an area of ambiguity in current practice and felt that definitive guidance was needed. (Brechin A et al 2000). Their advice is considered to be perhaps currently the definitive guide on the subject. (Say R E et al 2003). The group use the term proper consent which is not just casual phrase but does have a very precise definition. We note that the definition however, is different in ethical and legal contexts. The ethical connotation is that the adult is always considered to be competent to give proper consent unless it is proved to be not the case. (Kuhse Singer 2001). The legal connotation was summed up by Lord Donaldson (Donaldson 1993) who ruled that The test that they should apply is Can this patient understand and weigh up the information needed to make this decision? (DOH 2000). If they can, then the clinician has judged them to be competent and the consent is Proper. In the converse case then clearly it is not. The whole area of childbirth is one which is invested with a high emotional content. It is therefore incumbent on the midwife (and all healthcare professionals) that they should not let their own personal values influence the decision that the patient eventually makes. (Mason T et al. 2003). If the patient should make a decision that appears to be completely out of character or irrational, one should not immediately assume that they are incompetent. it is actually probably more rational to conclude that they may not have clearly understood the explanations given to them by the professionals and as Mezirow comments, it may also therefore be a consequence of the fact that inadequate opportunity has been given for the patient to reflect, consider and to ask questions. (Mezirow, J 1991). The issue of competence is complicated further with the recognition of the fact that the legal definition of being competent to give consent is not necessarily universal. Winter (R et al. 1999) gives the example of a patient who can be judged competent to decide whether they have a flu vaccination or nor yet may not be competent to make a complex decision relating to investment strategy. Problems arise not so often in the every-day circumstances of professional practice, but at the margins where situations are encountered which are perhaps not met very often. The midwife may find herself in a situation where the patient cannot, either by virtue of sudden emergency of perhaps being under the influence of sedation or anaesthetic, give competent informed consent. The question then arises as to who is able to give consent for any particular procedure? It is a common situation for relatives to be present and they may wish to give consent on behalf of their relative. Both the Good Practice in Consent Initiative and the professional guidelines on the subject drawn up by the Royal College of Midwives give unequivocal guidance on the subject. Both these authorities concur with the ruling by Lord Donaldson (Donaldson 1993) who ruled that if a patient is considered incompetent to give consent, for any reason at all, then others cannot give that consent for them. It is entirely appropriate for the clinician to listen to the points of view of all interested parties and may appropriately ask them to sign a form stating that this is their opinion or that they are happy with a proposed procedure, but they cannot give vicarious consent for that procedure on behalf of the patient. In short, the responsibility lies with the clinician involved to make a considered judgement on what they consider the patient would have said when they were competen t and the responsibility for that decision is theirs. This is clearly a decision that has to take into consideration issues that have a range and scope that is far wider than simply the clinical issues to be considered. Douglas sums up the situation by commenting that the clinician must try to come to an opinion as to just how it would be thought likely that the patient would have reacted in the circumstances. (Douglas C 2002) One other area of clinical importance where the law gives clear guidance, is the area where the patient has given instructions or perhaps expressed a wish as to how they wised to be treated in any specific situation even though they may not be able to give that opinion at the time in question and the clinician must abide by these wishes in the absence of any other factors. (Sugarman J Sulmasy 2001) The ethical debate about a patients choice revolves around the issue of autonomy. (Coulter A. 2002). Healthcare professionals have to allow the individual patient the right, Gillon would suggest the responsibility, (Gillon R 1997) of each patient to determine how they wish to advance their own welfare. The key issue in this regard is enunciated by Dimond (B 1999) who we cite verbatim: In the context of medical consent, this right and responsibility is exercised by freely and voluntarily consenting or refusing to consent to recommended procedures or treatments when in possession of a sufficient knowledge of the benefits .. and risks involved. It is this last phrase which encapsulates the difficulty in this area. How does a healthcare professional ensure that a patient has sufficient knowledge to make the decision they are being asked to make without either frightening them inordinately with excesses of information or attempting to sway or influence their decision by making a conscious decision to restrict the amount of information given. To illustrate this with an example. If a patient decides that they do not want to have ecbolic drugs the healthcare professional is faced with a dilemma. If they know that the evidence base is considerably in favour of the use of such drugs, to what extent should they invade the potential autonomy of the patient in seeking to persuade them to change their mind to what may be seen as a more rational choice? Yura helps us with an analytical assessment of this point. (Yura H et al. 1998). The authors suggest that the judgement as to whether the patient is making a proper decision should be based on consideration of four criteria, namely: 1) Adequate disclosure of information 2) Patient freedom of choice 3) Patient comprehension of information 4) Patient capacity for decision-making If these criteria are met then one must assume that the decision is proper and should not seek to change it further. Yura then goes on to suggest that if these criteria are all met then one can also say that three further necessary requirements for proper consent are also met. 1) That the individuals decision is voluntary 2) That this decision is made with an appropriate understanding of the circumstances 3) That the patients choice is deliberate insofar as the patient has carefully considered all of the expected benefits, burdens and risks and reasonable alternatives. If we look at the current recommendations of the Royal College of Midwives advice on the subject, we can point to the fact that they currently require four specific areas to be addressed. They clearly cannot determine to what depth these areas have to be covered, as this has to be left to the professional judgement of the individual clinician involved. They suggest that if: 1) Diagnosis 2) Nature and purpose of treatment 3) Risks of treatment 4) Treatment alternatives. (cited in Hogston, R et al 2002). have all been covered, then the consent process can be considered proper and adequate These arguments can be encapsulated in a comment by Lewars who, although he was actually writing about consent in the area of radiographic imaging, finds that his comments are equally valid in this respect. The thrust of this discussion, in essence, revolves around the fact that a consenting competent adult has the right to either agree or disagree with any form of treatment or investigation and that there is no compulsion or necessity for them to justify that decision to anyone else. The problem for the profession is just how to quantify and to educate the patient sufficiently for that consent to be valid. (Lewars M 2004) implications for future practice, Putting all of these considerations together, we approached this topic with an open and enquiring mind. It is clearly important, when trying to come to a decision on issues such as these to try to embrace the principles of evidence based practice. In each area of clinical activity, the conscientious practitioner should endeavour to assimilate their own personal evidence base. This should ideally be done by a personal and critical assessment of the available literature. (Taylor. B. J 2000). We note that simply by reading the literature one is not likely to come to a rational conclusion as some papers (particularly the older ones) are little more than an exposition of the personal opinions of experienced clinicians. Although this may have some value, it is graded at Level IV in the scale of evidence Classification of evidence levels Ia Evidence obtained from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Ib Evidence obtained from at least one randomised controlled trial. IIa Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed controlled study without randomisation. IIb Evidence obtained from at least one other type of well-designed quasi-experimental study. III Evidence obtained from well-designed non-experimental descriptive studies, such as comparative studies, correlation studies and case studies. IV Evidence obtained from expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experience of respected authorities. ( After Tanenbaum S. 1999) Of far greater gravity and legitimate weight are the papers which are categorised as Level I (a + b) which are derived from meta-analyses or properly conducted randomised controlled trials. In researching this discussion we have tried to restrict the papers presented in support of the arguments discussed to be at least Level IIb and above. This helps to give legitimacy to the arguments put forward. There appears to be little doubt, from the evidence presented here, that the passive management of the third stage of labour does appear to have a number of rational arguments to support it and there are demonstrable benefits to be obtained from such passive management. We can cite the absence of the side effects of some of the ecbolic drugs as a simple example. If the drugs are not given then the patient will not experience the possible side effects such as nausea, headache and hypertension to name but a few. The corollary of this line of action is that, in sparing the patient such possible side effects it would appear that they are also spared the protective and beneficial aspects of such drugs. We have set out unassailable evidence that the use of ecbolic drugs reduces the number of post partum haemorrhages and therefore the associated morbidity (and mortality) that goes with it. Proponents of passive management of the third stage point to drawbacks with the use of ecbolics (as indeed do some of the balanced papers that discuss active management of the third stage). There is no doubt that if used unwisely or inappropriately, there are drawbacks to their use. The issue of the undiagnosed twin is frequently cited as a possible contraindication. In real terms however, in the developed countries, such eventualities are extremely rare, as the advent of commonplace ultrasound investigations of pregnancy has made the diagnosis of multiple pregnancy comparatively easy. The significance for future practice would appear to be that there is little evidence to support the overall efficacy of passive management of the third stage of labour. As a concluding comment we will consider the article by Stevenson (Stevenson J 2005) which makes comment on the Bristol third stage trial. It makes interesting reading as a commentary on the presentation of the trial. We have not included it in the main body of discussion as it cannot be considered a balanced argument being essentially the opinions of the writer Stevenson opens his paper with the comments: But the trial, based on false premises, is completely misleading, and numerous criteria are mistaken, misunderstood or misinterpreted. The reason that we have included this in the consideration of the overall issue is his premise about the trial structure in which he comments: The obvious alternative to active management is passive management, to see whether a womans body can cope without assistance; that should settle the matter conclusively. Here is a very common blunder in logic: to go from the sublime to the ridiculous, to justify one inordinate extreme by ridiculing the opposite inordinate extreme. The thrust of Stevensons logic is clear and he effectively and coherently argues for a middle course of partial management and active intervention only when needed. The difficulty with this course is that it is dependent on both circumstance and individual clinician preference, and as such, it is virtually impossible to construct a protocol for a controlled trial. The corollary of this is that, although Mr Stevenson can freely express his opinions it is unlikely that there will ever be a randomised controlled trial which will allow him to assemble a secure evidence base for his assertions. Sadly, after a careful and erudite exposition of his argument, Stevenson rather diminishes the validity of his paper by ending with the unflattering comment: The statistician, nowadays retitled epidemiologist, without noticing the abysmal flaws in the structure of this trial, has dressed it in jargon, giving it an air of respectability and credibility. Debate and disagreement is healthy and will promote further research. There is no doubt that further research is needed in this area. 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Buckingham 2000 Thilaganathan B, Cutner A, Latimer J, Beard R : 1993 Management of the third stage of labour in women at low risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993 Jan ; 48 (1) : 19-22 Thornton J G, Lilford R J 1999 Active management of labour: current knowledge and research issues BMJ 1999 ; 309 : 366-9 (6 August) Veitch R M 2002 Cross-cultural perspectives in medical ethics Jones Bartlett 2002 ISBN : 0763713325 Walter P, Diana E. 1999 Care during 3rd stage of labor. In: I Enkine, M Enkine, MJNC Keirse, (Eds.), Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, Oxford Univ Press, Oxford ; 1999 : 114569. WHO 1994 WHO. Mother-baby package: implementing safe motherhood in Countries. WHO, Geneva ; 1994. WHO/FHE/MSM/94.11 Rev.1. Winter R Cohen S 1999 ABC of intensive care: Withdrawal of treatment BMJ, Jul 1999 ; 319 : 306 308 Yura H, Walsh M. 1998 The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. Norwalk, C T: Appleton Lange, 1998. Zamora L A, Philipp J : 1999 A randomised controlled trial of oxytocin administered at the end of the second stage of labour versus oxytocin administered at the end of the third stage of labour in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. Philipp J Obstet Gynecol 1999 Oct-Dec ; 23 (4) : 125-33 | <urn:uuid:aee9a1c0-c427-482a-8c3c-0d12ce43b97f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writinganaparesearchpaper829.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92751 | 17,980 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Want another reason to fear bed bugs? They can sometimes set off allergic reactions, asthma attacks and anaphylaxis according to allergists at the annual scientific meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) in Phoenix, Nov 11-16.
Most individuals bitten by bed bugs get red bite marks that are mildly itchy. But those who are allergic can experience intense itching, swelling, redness, hives and blisters. The bugs can trigger asthma if a large group of them become airborne. And, although rare, those who are highly allergic to the bites may experience anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that can cause trouble breathing, hives or swelling or tightness of the throat.
“The source of the reaction often goes undetected because symptoms can be written off as flea or horse fly bites,” said allergist Richard deShazo, MD, of the ACAAI Insect Hypersensitivity Committee. “If you have allergies or asthma and you don’t know the cause of your skin irritation, see your allergist.”
Those allergic to bed bug bites notice their bites become increasingly itchy. Scratching them can lead to infection. Allergists treat the bites with antihistamines and corticosteroid creams. Allergists are specially trained to treat asthma and can help patients who are having asthma flare ups due to bed bugs.
Allergists attending the ACAAI meeting will attend a workshop to better familiarize themselves with the growing epidemic of bed bugs, best diagnostic approaches, and approaches to insect extermination. Allergists receive training in reactions to insects, including wasps, yellow jackets, hornets, fire ants, stinging flies, bed bugs, and others as a part of their clinical training and are an excellent resource for patients who think they may have insect reactions.
The ACAAI is a professional medical organization headquartered in Arlington Heights, Ill., that promotes excellence in the practice of the subspecialty of allergy and immunology. The College, comprising more than 5,000 allergists-immunologists and related health care professionals, fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which its members work together and with others toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy and research.
To learn more about allergies and asthma, take a relief test and find an allergist, visit http://www.AllergyAndAsthmaRelief.org.
Follow the ACAAI annual meeting on Twitter at #ACAAI2010.
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Parliament of the German Reich of Mednyat
The Parliament of The German Reich of Mednyat is the Legislature of The German Reich of Mednyat and as such is the supreme lawmaking body within the nation.
Inside the German Reich of Mednyat,citizens can vote for elections of the various members of Council and Senate;the minimum age for can vote is 18 years old.
In order to be elected, the citizen must be at least 20 years old for be a member of the Council,and at least 40 years old for be a member of the Senate,and remains in office for five years.
The Parliament of the German Reich of Mednyi have two chambers:
• Council (26 members elected by the people,lower chamber);
• Senate (26 members elected by the people,upper chamber).
13 members of Council and 13 members of Senate represent Mednyi Island,the other 13 members of Council and the other 13 members of Senate represent Pripyat.
Part IV,Article 11 of The Constitution of the German Reich of Mednyat states that "The legislative power is vested by the Kaiser".
Beside the Kaiser,the 50 members of the National Parliament and the 10 ministers can propouse a law at the Kaiser;he have the power to approve it or to don't approve it.
Laws proposed by the Kaiser,if aren't inconstitutional,must be approved by the National Parliament that can only discuss about it;however the Kaiser can also override the parliamentary discussion in situations of emergency.
Terms of Parliament
Ministers of the National Parliament are residents publicly elected by the People. Their office ends after a three-year term,when they lose their electoral rights or when the Kaiser dissolve the National Parliament.
The office of the first minister,that is ruled by the Kaiser,of course haven't a temporal end.
The 52 members of the National Parliament (26 for Council and 26 for Senate) are too elected by the People,and their office ends after a three-year term,when they lose their electoral rights or when the Kaiser dissolve the National Parliament.
The Kaiser (that is also the first minister),if dissolve the National Parliament,can't dissolve his role of First Minister.
For can lose his role of First Minister,the Kaiser need to abdicate. | <urn:uuid:9da0621d-4c3a-45ad-a43b-f1af59a05879> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://micronations.wiki/wiki/Parliament_of_the_German_Reich_of_Mednyat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954046 | 489 | 3.3125 | 3 |
What is Stormwater?
Stormwater is runoff from rain and melting snow. It is collected by the stormwater collection system on campus that conveys it directly into local waterways such as Paradise Creek or Hog Creek. Most of the university’s stormwater eventually discharges to the South Fork Palouse River.
Why is stormwater important?
When stormwater flows over hard surfaces such as rooftops, streets, and parking lots it picks up harmful pollutants such as oil, fertilizer, and pet waste that are detrimental to aquatic life and human health.
Stormwater is not treated at the wastewater treatment plant.
It is discharged from the stormwater collection system untreated into local waterways and groundwater.
What can you do to help?
- Don’t dump anything down the storm drains
- Storm drains are for stormwater only. The storm drains are not for mop water, used motor oil, or even unwanted beverages. These fluids drain directly to the streams.
- Clean up yard trimmings
- Avoid sweeping or blowing grass clippings, leaves, or dirt directly into streets or storm catch basins. While these can be beneficial in small amounts, too much can be harmful to bodies of fresh water and can block the stormwater system, causing floods on campus.
- Pick up after pets
- Pick up after dogs when walking them. Fecal matter contains harmful bacteria which contaminates streams, spoils the outdoors for others, and increases the resources needed to keep campus areas clean.
- Throw away trash!
- Litter makes its way into our rivers through the stormwater system. Besides being unsightly, trash can harbor bacteria biofilms that encourages the growth of harmful bacteria.
- Take care of your car
- We all like our vehicles to be clean, but most car wash soap contributes to the phosphorus pollution we are seeing in our streams. Take your car to a local car wash that collects and cleans the wash water before discharging it.
- Oil leaks wash into the stream during the next storm. If you have a puddle underneath your parking spot, it’s time to take your car in for a repair. Your car and the fish will thank you.
Clean Water Act
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly known as the Clean Water Act) regulates discharges of pollutants into waters of the U.S. and regulates quality standard for surface waters and is the basis for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The Clean Water Act prohibits anybody from discharging pollutants into a water of the U.S. unless they have an NPDES permit. The permit contains limits on what you can discharge, monitoring and reporting requirements, and other provisions to ensure that the discharge does not hurt water quality or people's health. In essence, the permit translates general requirements of the Clean Water Act into specific provisions tailored to the operations of each person discharging pollutants.
Reporting Lines and Contact Information
- Storm Water Complaints
Storm water hotline | 208-885-6246
- Emergency Spill Response
Latah County 911| 911
- University Streets and Building
University of Idaho Facilities | 208-885-6246
For more information contact:
University of Idaho Facilities
875 Perimeter Dr. MS 2281
Moscow Idaho 83844 | <urn:uuid:78bba179-5add-4340-9b33-e53e86681f54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uidaho.edu/current-students/sustainability/campus/stormwater | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.893219 | 695 | 3.859375 | 4 |
One-year-olds learn by experiencing the environment through their senses (seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling and touching), by physically moving around, and through social interaction. The children are given ample opportunities to practice newly acquired skills and to experience feelings of autonomy and success.
Although a significant part of their development is learning and acquiring social skills, one-year-olds are not able to understand the concept of sharing. Age-appropriate toys are available at all times in order to encourage self-directed play and imagination. Simple art projects are introduced to toddlers, while songs, stories, and finger plays are recited often in each age group. Weather permitting, all one-year-olds and the older infants have daily outdoor playtime.
The one-year-old program continues the child’s exposure to vocabulary and familiar figures of our faith. Using Bible stories, hymns, and other religious songs, children will grow in their understanding of God’s love.
One-Year-Old’s Schedule (Sample)
7:00-8:00 Meet and Greet
8:00-8:50 Free Play/Open Centers
8:50-9:00 Diaper Changing/Handwashing
9:00-9:20 Morning Prayer and Snack
9:20-9:35 Circle Time
9:35-10:00 Outside Play
10:00-10:10 Handwashing/Cup of Water
10:10-10:40 Free Play/Open Centers
10:40-11:10 Art Project of the Day
11:55-12:30 Quiet Songs and Story Time
12:30-2:30 Nap Time
2:30-2:45 Diaper Changing/Handwashing
2:45-3:00 Prayer and Snack
3:30-4:00 Outside Play
4:00-4:45 Open Centers
4:45-5:00 Music and Movement
5:00-5:15 Diaper Changing/Handwashing
5:15-5:45 Stories and Free Play
5:45-6:00 Diapers, Handwashing, and Goodbyes | <urn:uuid:6853490b-c259-437a-925a-5b0fc71bf64d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://annunciationpre-school.org/age-groups/one-year-olds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906492 | 470 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Located 10 miles North west of the Dead Sea and 6 miles west of the Jordan river, Jericho holds two world records: it is the topographically the lowest city on earth (1300 feet below Sea Level). And together with Göbekli Tepe, Jericho holds the tiele of being oldest fortified site on the planet. However, for Most of the Western World Jericho is associated with its walls tumbling down by Joshua and the Israelites.
A Short History of Jericho
Jericho’s spring (Elisha’s Spring) attracted various groups of people, from the dawn of history. At the Biblical mound next to it (Tel es-Sultan) archaeologists recovered 20 layers of occupation, the oldest dating to the Neolithic Period. The Old Testament titles Jericho as the “City of Palms”, and indeed palm trees are a common sight in the oasis, to this day. But more famous is the biblical narrative of how the city was captured by the Israelites, circling it 7 times with the ark till the walls fell. In the first century BCE Jericho was a profitable estate where dates and balsam groves were cultivated. The Roman emperor Augustus granted the estate to Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, but king Herod desired it too, and so he leased it back from Cleopatra. Herod also built a lavish royal complex in Jericho. He also constructed in Jericho a unique entertainment complex of a theatre combined with a stadium and a hippodrome.
Jesus and Jericho
Being along the main road of the Jordan valley, all the synoptic Gospels record Jesus passing through Jericho on his way from Galilee to Jerusalem. The most detailed account is given by Luke, in which Jesus heals a blind man. Later he is hosted by a tax collector named Zacchaeus, who climbed on a sycamore tree to see him.
By Christian tradition the sycamore tree on which Zacchaeus climbed can still be seen at Jericho, on the side of the main road crossing the city. It is one of the oldest and biggest sycamore trees known in Israel.
Because of the detailed account of its destruction in the Book of Joshua, archaeological research at the Biblical Mound of Jericho (Tel es-Sultan) began already in the mid 19th century. Although no clear evidence of the Israelite conquest and destruction has been found to this day, the mound is an interesting place to visit, presenting a wealth of finds from Canaanite and Israelite times. Nearby, one can also take a cable car that hovers over the mound and reaches the Monastery of the Temptation. By Local Christian tradition it is the place where Jesus resisted the temptation of Satan after his baptism. Clearer evidence from the days of Jesus at Jericho can be seen at the palace complex of king Herod south of the Biblical mound (at Tulul abu el-alayiq). The complex is comprised of an elaborate bath house next to a reception hall and a triclinium, all built against the northern bank of Wadi Kelt. Opposite it, on the southern bank of the Wadi, a sunken garden was constructed next to a big rectangular pool, and both flanking a watch tower. The northern and southern sides were linked by a bridge built over the wadi. Sadly, the site is not maintained well under Palestinian control. At the northern end of Jericho Hisham’s Palace is the best preserved example of Ummayad period desert palaces.
Points of Interest in the Area
A short distance from Jericho is the traditional site of the baptism of Jesus. Further south, in cliffs above the Dead Sea, are the caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found. Most scholars agree that they were compiled by a group residing at Qumran. Alongside the old and scenic road ascending from Jericho to Jerusalem is a beautiful viewpoint of Saint George Monastery, a remnant of the monastic movement that flourished in the Judean Desert in the Byzantine Period. | <urn:uuid:7d2dc64f-90d4-44e1-8af3-0b62ceef20da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dannythedigger.com/jericho/?swcfpc=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952945 | 825 | 3.5625 | 4 |
A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems. According to Wikipedia, a PID controller calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint.
Essentially, the controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process through use of a manipulated variable.
Key features include:
- Minimal number of components.
- Additional control mode – on-off controller (+ PID PWM).
- External power supply.
- Fits into a 90mm x 110mm x 45mm (WxDxH) box.
- Easy assembly.
“The HQ soldering iron HQ20/HQ30 (24V, 48W) was used [for this project],” carlazar wrote in a recent DangerousPrototypes post.
“It has the E-type thermocouple built in (68uV/degC) but you can change that value in software according to the soldering iron that is used (for example K-type is 41uV/degC).”
In terms of actual use, the SSID features:
- UP and DOWN buttons, changes set-point temperature by 5 degC.
- Button SET cycle through set-point temperature presets: 0 – 150 – 280 320 -350 degC.
- Buttons UP and DOWN simultaneously, change the operating controller mode (PID control/on/off control).
Interested in learning more? You can check out carlazar’s original Dangerous Prototype page here. | <urn:uuid:58e43902-85ea-42ce-a8b4-0ce9ff12a9ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atmelcorporation.wordpress.com/2014/05/23/simple-soldering-with-arduino-pid-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.851079 | 334 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A growing number of people from Africa are settling in B.C. but because they’re from different places, they’re finding it difficult to find a unified black identity, according to Handel Wright, an educational studies professor at UBC.
“We don’t have black spaces as such. We don’t have black geography, black neighbourhoods…although some are emerging in the suburbs, New West, maybe, or Burnaby,” Wright, an immigrant from Sierra Leone, told CBC On The Coast.
This story also appeared on Yahoo. | <urn:uuid:9cd4171b-5137-4daa-bc53-3439e9430117> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.ubc.ca/2016/02/05/black-in-vancouver-identity-hard-to-build/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95158 | 119 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The Round-Up Digitization Project
New Mexico State University's student run newspaper, The Round-Up, and its predecessor, The New Mexico Collegian, are not only the central source of readily available material on the history of NMSU, but also an important source of regional history. The student newspaper has been published since 1893 and it is one of the most highly requested resources in the Archives' collections at the NMSU Library. In 2009, due to the increasing fragility of the original newspapers, the Archives and Special Collections staff had to restrict access to them and was no longer able to permit photocopying of the early issues. Restricting access to this kind of historical information is detrimental to researchers, so NMSU Library committed to raise funds to digitize the newspapers from 1893 - 1999.
Thanks to the most generous contributions of the following organizations and individuals, issues of The New Mexico Collegian and The Round Up from 1893 - 1999 are now searchable online.
Associated Students of New Mexico State University
New Mexico Historical Records Advisory Board
Kevin J. and Barbara Barry, Round Up 1968 - 1971
Lana Cunningham Cooper, Round Up 1973 - 1974
Barbara Funkhouser, Round Up 1949 - 1952
Edward R. Lucas, Round Up 1959 - 1961
John (Gene) Michals, Round Up 1963 - 1965
Barbara Wunsch O'Gwynn, Round Up 1950 - 1951
Barbara Kerr Page, Round Up 1967 - 1971
Tim Parker, Round Up 1974 - 1977
Stephanie C. Thorp, Round Up 1963 - 1966
Don West, Round Up 1946 - 1950 - In Memory of Carroll Warren West and Ava Smith
Jess C. Williams III, Round Up 1982 - 1985 | <urn:uuid:eaaec783-4b1b-46f0-9a27-4bb8e6611da0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://libcgi.nmsu.edu:8080/RoundUp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.90339 | 358 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Keyword Analysis & Research: hek293 cell line origin
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Search Results related to hek293 cell line origin on Search Engine
HEK293 Cell Line Origins, Cytogenetics, and Expression
Origins of the HEK293 Cell Line. HEK293 is a cell line derived from human embryonic kidney cells grown in tissue culture. They are also known, more informally, as HEK cells. ... Neuronal origin is suspected due to the presence of mRNA and gene products typically found in neurons. Today, HEK293 cells are frequently used in cell biology and ...
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HEK293: An Essential Human Cell Line with a Unexpected Origin
As the method of immortalization influences the resulting cell line, the origin of a widely used cell line such as HEK293 can be illuminating for working with it. In 1973, Frank Graham (a postdoc in Alex van der Eb’s group in the Netherlands) cultured cells from human embryonic kidneys (HEK) to generate an immortalized cell line by ...
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HEK293 Cells - A Guide to This Incredibly Useful Cell Line
Sep 27, 2021 · Graham F., Simley J., Russell W. and Nairn R. (1977) Characteristics of a Human Cell Line Transformed by DNA from Human Adenovirus Type 5. Journal of General Virology, 36:1, 59-72. Thomas P. and Smart T. (2005) HEK293 cell line: A vehicle for the expression of recombinant proteins. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 51:3, 187 ...
DA: 36 PA: 25 MOZ Rank: 31
Evolution from adherent to suspension: systems biology of HEK293 cell …
Nov 04, 2020 · The HEK293 cell line was originally immortalized by the random integration of viral genomic DNA of adenovirus 5 18, which includes the E1A and E1B genes.In this study, overall high mRNA levels of ...
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HEK293 Cells: Background, Applications, Protocols, and More
HEK293 is a hypotriploid human cell line. The modal HEK293 chromosome number is 64 in 30% of cells, with higher ploidy occurring in 4.2% of cells. They have three copies of the X chromosome, and a 4 kbp fragment of Ad5 was incorporated into chromosome 19 of the HEK293 genome, which displays cytogenetic instability. HEK293 Vs.
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Recombinant Anti-Vimentin antibody [EPR3776] - Cytoskeleton Marker
One of the most prominent phosphoproteins in various cells of mesenchymal origin. Phosphorylation is enhanced during cell division, at which time vimentin filaments are significantly reorganized. ... Lane 2 : HEK293 (Human epithelial cell line from embryonic kidney) cell lysate Lysates/proteins at 20 µg per lane. Secondary All lanes : HRP goat ...
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Expi293 Expression System | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US
Expi293F Inducible cell line. The Expi293F Inducible cell line allows for regulated and tunable expression of proteins that may benefit from slower expression kinetics such as toxic proteins and membrane proteins. These cells were also designed to facilitate the study of cell models that require the regulation of protein expression. Key benefits:
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Cell Culture Media: A Review - labome.com
Jan 29, 2022 · Other media include Dynamis medium from Thermo Fisher for human embryonic kidney cell line 293T , Essential 8 (E8 ... , Opti-MEM I from Thermo Fisher for HEK293 cells , SmGM-2 from Lonza for human bronchial ... culture media and biological fluids and their possible significance for the origin of life. J Theor Biol. 1969;23:1-10 ...
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293 [HEK-293] - CRL-1573 | ATCC
The certificate of origin for that lot of 293 [HEK-293] (CRL-1573) is not currently available online. Complete this form to request this certificate of origin. ... The base medium for this cell line is ATCC-formulated Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, Catalog No. 30-2003. ... alpha 3 beta 4 and alpha 4 beta 4 stably expressed in HEK293 cells. J ...
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The human pathology proteome - The Human Protein Atlas
This section contains Pathology information based on mRNA and protein expression data from 17 different forms of human cancer, together with millions of in-house generated immunohistochemically stained tissue sections images and Kaplan-Meier plots showing the correlation between mRNA expression of each human protein gene and cancer patient survival.
DA: 60 PA: 34 MOZ Rank: 57 | <urn:uuid:f2fec8f8-4f08-4a55-bf20-1b53f57c5612> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.safelinkchecker.com/search/hek293-cell-line-origin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.856506 | 1,359 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Contents: Census-Designated Place
The population development of South Barre as well as related information and services (weather, Wikipedia, Google, images).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau (web).
Explanation: Latest available rebased population figures are used. In case of significant changes, they were recalculated by using census block data.
Further information about the population structure:
|Gender (C 2010)|
|Age Groups (C 2010)|
|Age Distribution (C 2010)|
|»Race« (C 2020)|
|2 or more||59|
|Ethnicity (C 2020)|
|Hispanic or Latino||37| | <urn:uuid:a5eca76e-024f-4a18-b28f-c61b6cf41b58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://citypopulation.de/en/usa/places/vermont/washington/5066025__south_barre/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.708632 | 382 | 1.828125 | 2 |
NATO - Balkan paper tiger. Part I
In 2009, NATO celebrated its 60th anniversary. With its recent deluge of new member states, it needed more space and announced it would build a new HD across the street from the bunker-like 1950s original one.
It was supposed to open in 2015, but in a fitting metaphor for the troubled organization, it was discovered that the half billion euro project would cost twice that, and would not be finished till 2017. Just in time, as the new US president was toying with the idea of dispensing with what he has called an expensive, obsolete organization, even as it continues to expand, long after what many considered to be its expiry date.
So it was with a sigh of relief that the 28 European member heads of state welcomed the abrasive American leader in May 2017 for the dedication of the new HQ. Trump came, but took the opportunity to lecture his NATO allies for not spending enough for collective defence, and declined to endorse Article 5 of the alliance’s founding treaty, which states that an attack on any member is an attack on all. His subtext: Enough of pulling Euro irons out of fires.
The conventional wisdom now is that NATO will endure indefinitely, and the strange new headquarters, more like a massive ramp on the nearby expressway, or a cavernous airport, certainly gives that impression. The designers intended the fluted shell to represent interlocking fingers – symbolizing Allied unity and cooperation, but it could just as easily symbolize its fractured, brittle, disjointed character.
After 1991, NATO changed from Cold War defence pact to something much more ambitious. Its supporters argue because it is composed of “likeminded liberal democracies with shared interests” and is “a community of values”, it will endure. Expansion is justified as “a tool for democracy promotion”, the building of liberal democracy in the former communist countries, and crisis management in Europe and the world, responding to “new” threats of terrorism and proliferating weapons of mass destruction.
It is an instrument of collective security with new “cooperative” security institutions, including the Partnership for Peace and the special consultative forums with Russia (now, long gone) and Ukraine, for crisis management and peacekeeping operations beyond NATO territory. Strengthening existing networks and developing new ones “will create a genuine global rule of law without centralized global institutions.” (Read: who needs the UN?)
This acceptance of the transformation of NATO from a “temporary Cold War creation to fight the Soviet Union to a strategic partnership” which “transcended the common or any other specific threat—based on common values and interests” was far from certain when the Soviet Union collapsed. People just assumed NATO would disband along with the Warsaw Pact. French president Francois Mitterand coined the slogan “US out and Russia in”, meaning, of course, Europe. Czech Foreign Minister Jiri Dienstbier in 1990 proposed replacing NATO and the Warsaw Pact with the OSCE European Security Commission but clearly the new Czech leaders were given a talking-to and in 1991 a Czech Foreign Ministry official reversed Mitterand’s call: “We wanted it the other way around.”
Ronald Asmus, a Cold War Hungarian dissident now at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, and a so-called ‘liberal’ hawk (‘liberal’ on domestic policy and hawkish on foreign policy), was a key player under Clinton to end talk of shutting NATO down, and instead sought to expand it as quickly as possible. He set out the new program in the Council on Foreign Relation’s Foreign Affairs, portraying the new member-hopefuls as a pro-US political elite eager and willing to do whatever the US wants, and exhorting France to “abandon its exaggerated fear of American hegemony”. He predicted that future massacres such as occurred in Bosnia will be prevented by a rapid reaction force.
There was also a split in the US establishment over expanding NATO. Unlike the Euro-split, which was really a disagreement over US world hegemony, the US debate was, on the contrary, whether being saddled with a string of poor, unprepared, untried statelets would advance or hinder this (US) hegemony, making NATO a confused, ungovernable, fractious debating forum (like the expanded EU), or a functional alliance, bringing the new entries up to western military standards quickly and cementing them in the western alliance of nations.
Democrat defence doyen Sam Nunn was against expansion: yes, defend eastern Europe against Russia, but Russia would see expansion as aimed at it. Realists like Nunn realized that Russia would not submit, that enlargement was very expensive, that expansion was probably not really useful to US imperialism, and control of nuclear weapons was a more important objective and one that would not antagonize Russia. But Republicans and ‘liberal’ hawk Democrats like Asmus won the day with their policy of expansion, and approved of the NATO bombing of Bosnia in 1995 and Serbia in 1999. This marked the end of Yugoslovia as a 'modern' state, which conducted its own foreign policy. Among postmodern states, the use of force is now unthinkable, but it is fine when dealing with premodern states (Afghanistan, Iraq), or the remaining modern states (Russia, China).
Trump has hinted loudly that he is not interested in the US as world policeman, that he wants to improve relations with Russia, and that he sees NATO as that confused debating club disdained by the anti-NATO crowd. But he still acts as if the US is the world hegemon in Syria and Iraq, and with daggers drawn against him in Washington, he has softened his tone on NATO, so it is impossible to predict where he will take us (and NATO).
How do you analyze the effects of joining NATO on the political interdependence of the Balkan countries?
This postmodern imperialism—on the surface—is the voluntary, multilateral global economy, kept in place by the IMF, the World Bank, the WTO, and, of course, NATO. The postmodern EU offers a vision of cooperative empire: “The age-old laws of international relations have been repealed. Europeans have stepped out of the Hobbesian world of anarchy into the Kantian world of perpetual peace.” (Robert Kagan, Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order, 2003.) After the Yugoslav civil war in the 1990s, the Balkans entered this brave, new world. But what is it underneath? What is it in reality?
The transformation of countries to postmodern status is really a form of castration, of their subordination to the US agenda. Kagan's "perpetual peace" is more like the peace of the grave. The US, by invading the remains of Yugoslavia, Iraq and Afghanistan, and by pressuring and subverting Iran, Syria and others, is in reality trying to reduce—to carve up—these countries into similarly harmless but crippled third world versions of the more fortunate postmodern western European states. Thus, the attraction of joining the NATO club (before it 'joins' you). Much better to concede defeat before you are invaded and reduced to rubble. Just ask the Serbians, Afghanis, Iraqis, Libyans or Syrians.
Almost nowhere is the question raised of whether NATO should have been dissolved with the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, clearly the intent of Gorbachev, western non-hawks and ordinary citizens everywhere, leaving the international order to the UN and other truly multilateral organizations.
One prominent mainstream US voice has been William Pfaff, who complained that “large and firmly implanted bureaucratic organizations are almost impossible to kill, even when they have no reason to continue to exist, as is the case of NATO since the Soviet Union, communism, and the Warsaw Pact all collapsed.” Apart from the huge and useless expense of maintaining it, it is nonsensical for a military alliance to pretend to be a democracy-promotion vehicle. Worse, its continued existence and expansion has led to a new arms race and Cold War with Russia. Its only justification—its real intent—is as a means to ensure uninterrupted US world hegemony. Trump likes the cake, but wants it at a discount, and without upsetting the Russians. Can he square the circle? | <urn:uuid:7199a15b-8c77-41e7-8c59-6a51a06df31d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geopolitika.ru/en/article/nato-balkan-paper-tiger-part-i | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957835 | 1,739 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law.
(1) enter or remain in or upon premises or in a propelled vehicle when the premises or propelled vehicle, at the time of the entry or remaining, is not open to the public and when the defendant is not otherwise privileged to do so;
(2) fail to leave premises or a propelled vehicle that is open to the public after being lawfully directed to do so personally by the person in charge; or
(b) For purposes of this section, a person who, without intent to commit a crime on the land, enters or remains upon unimproved and apparently unused land, which is neither fenced nor otherwise enclosed in a manner designed to exclude intruders, is privileged to do so unless
(1) notice against trespass is personally communicated to that person by the owner of the land or some other authorized person; or
(2) notice against trespass is given by posting in a reasonably conspicuous manner under the circumstances.
(c) Repealed by SLA 2014, ch. 48, § 1, eff. Sept. 18, 2014 .
Cite this article: FindLaw.com - Alaska Statutes Title 11. Criminal Law § 11.46.350. Definition; privilege to enter or remain on unimproved land - last updated April 21, 2021 | https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-11-criminal-law/ak-st-sect-11-46-350.html
FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. Please verify the status of the code you are researching with the state legislature or via Westlaw before relying on it for your legal needs. | <urn:uuid:db5d0b62-b9ad-4b59-99cd-34e134026b58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-11-criminal-law/ak-st-sect-11-46-350.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.903266 | 388 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Coram to run UK’s first randomised controlled trial of Family Group Conferencing
Published: Monday 16th March 2020
Coram has been nominated by the What Works Centre for Children's Social Care to run the first ever randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Family Group Conferencing in the UK. Dr Sarah Taylor, Coram’s Head of Impact & Evaluation, explains why Coram is leading the RCT and how it will work.
How effective are family group conferences (FGCs) when it comes to improving outcomes for children? The evidence may be less clear-cut than many imagine. Some previous evaluations of FGCs have shown promising results. Families can feel more empowered, relationships can be strengthened, and court proceedings can be avoided. However, the systematic review of FGCs published this month by What Works for Children’s Social Care found that this evidence base is not currently strong, so it is timely that Coram is rolling out the most ambitious research project yet, to fill the evidence gap.
Every year there are perhaps thousands of family group conferences in the UK. They are entirely voluntary – no family can be forced to take part. When they come ahead of potential court proceedings, as in our study, they represent a last chance for families to plan and make decisions for children or young people who are considered at risk.
So, we are excited at Coram to have been invited to deliver the first ever randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the use of FGCs in the UK, with a view to providing the robust evidence currently lacking on the difference FGCs make. An RCT is the next step for the FGC evidence base.
We will be working with over 20 local authorities across England who are committed to producing better evidence for future commissioning, to find out what happens to families. Unlike other kinds of research, RCTs can allow us to reach conclusions about cause and effect – causality. We aim to establish through our trial whether it is FGCs that lead to better outcomes for families, excluding other factors that might explain changes.
How will it work? RCTs involve randomly assigning families to be referred or not referred for a particular service, programme or approach. This contrasts favourably with current practice. Currently, availability of and support for FGCs across the country is patchy, and they are not offered universally. There is no statutory requirement on local authorities to provide them, so families may or may not be offered a FGC according to where they live. Funding constraints also make provision uneven. This is, if anything, fairer than how FGCs are allocated currently.
In an RCT, the only difference between groups of families is whether or not they were referred – other differences are averaged out. When we compare the groups later, we can attribute any differences we see to whether or not a referral was made. This helps in the context of FGCs because families’ lives are so complex. It’s a way of holding constant all that complexity, all that noise, and hearing the signal being sent by the FGCs.
Some practitioners and researchers in children’s social care oppose randomisation on principle, but most recognise the value of this gold-standard research method, as long as appropriate safeguards for families are put in place. So we have considered the ethical trade-offs and put in place a number of design features and mitigations. We have received internal and external advice and gained the approval of Coram’s research ethics advisory board.
Families will be randomised at the point of entering pre-proceedings to either be referred or not for a FGC. The local authorities taking part in the programme volunteered last year, on the basis that they were not currently offering FGCs at pre-proceedings stage.
All the FGCs funded through the trial will be additional FGCs that in likelihood would not otherwise have happened, so no-one will miss out on something they would otherwise receive.
Participation in an FGC is voluntary, as is participation in the study as a whole. Families who choose not to take part will receive care as usual, and will not lose out in any way. To help them choose, families will have access to free legal aid advice, thanks to the timing of the study at pre-proceedings stage.
We have also listened to FGC advocates for whom FGCs are about maximising family involvement in the process, not just improving outcomes. With that in mind, we plan to gather parents’ views. We will find out how included parents feel they have been in care planning at a point two months after entering pre-proceedings, and whether this differs between those who are referred for FGCs, and the non-referred group.
The project includes a process evaluation (interviews, surveys, document review and case studies) to discover how and why FGCs work, and to ensure we hear from family members, including young people. We will also be drawing on work by Leeds City Council, the London Borough of Camden and the Family Rights Group to assess the quality and consistency of the new model.
Referrals are due to begin in April 2020 and end in September 2021, with data collection continuing beyond this, and publication of findings in 2022. By the end of the project we hope to have data on over 3,000 families, and around 6,000 children.
We don’t provide FGCs at Coram, so have no vested interest, other than our commitment to better outcomes for children. Coram’s range of services for children and families means its research always has one foot in the real world. So we will include the voice of the child or young person in our research. This trial will provide the sector with the evidence currently missing on whether and how FGCs do make a positive difference for children and families.
We are excited to get started on this challenging but important study. More information about the RCT, including a full list of the local authorities taking part, can be found on the study website. You can also find our video on YouTube. | <urn:uuid:4b8dc642-90b6-4c18-a891-a5981eae6b4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coram.org.uk/news/coram-run-first-randomised-controlled-trial-family-group-conferencing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955521 | 1,273 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Indian Army Divisions
The Division is lowest (or the highest, depending on the viewpoint) individual formation. They integrate in themselves all arms and services for sustained independent operations. Each Division composes of several Brigades. Divisions are designated by function, terrain of operation, or by their equipment mix. The Army has in its Order of Battle mountain divisions, infantry divisions, armoured divisions (in which tank units predominate). An Infantry Division typically has about 15,500 combat troops, with 8,000 support elements (artillery, engineers, etc). It consists of 3 to 5 Infantry Brigades, an Armoured Regiment and an Artillery Brigade.
The old Indian Army prior to 15 August, 1947, was divided into three Commands Northern, Southern and Eastern. A fourth, Central Command, was raised during the war and disbanded in September, 1946. Of the Indian divisions which took part in the World War II, the 6th, 8th, 10th, 14th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 26th and 39th were disbanded, those remaining being the 4th, 5th, 7th Infantry Divisions, 1st Armoured Division and the 2nd Airborne Division.
By 1984 the Army was composed of 2 armored divisions, 17 infantry divisions, and 10 mountain divisions [29 Divisions in total], 5 independent armored brigades, 1 independent infantry brigade, and 1 parachute brigade. Attached to these formations were divisional and corps artillery assets and 14 independent artillery brigades. Approximately 25 percent of the Indian Army was poised on the Indo-Chinese border while the remainder faced Pakistan or was in reserve.
In 2002 the army had 1,100,000 personnel, by one report in five regional command with 12 corps with 3 armored divisions, 4 RAPID light mechanized divisions, 18 infantry divisions, 9 mountain divisions, and 15 independent brigades (7 armored) - for a total of 34 divisions. Another report said they were organized into three armored divisions, one mechanized division, 18 infantry divisions, nine mountain divisions [for a total of 31 divisions, not counting 4 RAPID divisions], five independent armored brigades, five independent infantry brigades, three independent artillery brigades, four air defense brigades, and three engineer brigades. The divisions are numbered consecutively from 1 through 29, skipping 13, and with no apparent pattern for the remaining divisions, save that the two artillery divisions are numbered 40 and 41.
Accounts differ as to how many Divisions are in the Indian Army as of 2008, with some reports saying as few as 34 divisions and other reports saying the Indian Army had as many as 37 Divisions. Wikki sources report that the 34 divisions include:
- 18 Infantry Divisions
- 10 Mountain Divisions
- 4 RAPID (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Divisions) Action Divisions
- 3 Armoured Divisions
- 2 Artillery Divisions
It will be seen that this amounted to 37 divisions, not 34, though readily available lists enumerate 36 divisions. From this perspective, the discrepancy between 36 identifiable divisions and 37 total divisions amounts to one Infantry Division, since only 17 can be identified. And the discrepancy between 36 identifiable divisions and 34 reported total divisions are the two artillery divisions, which are not always counted along with maneuver [armour, infantry, etc] divisions.
In 2009 the Indian Army made plans to raise two new divisions in the north-east with 56 Mountain Division at Zakhama, coming under III Corps, and 71 Mountain Division at Missa Mari, coming under IV Corps. The 56th and the 71 mountain divisions, comprising over 30,000 troops, were to bolster the eastern front's defenses. And two more new Mountain divisions were in formation as of 2014.
Mountain units may serve in other terrain when circumstances dictate, and thus all may not be prepared for immediate operations at high altitude. It was announced in February 2008 that establishment approval was being sought for the raising of two further mountain divisions.
In the 1980s 33 Division was formed as a mechanized division (in which mechanized infantry units predominate), but this type of formation was found not particularly useful and 33 Division was reformed as an Armored Division.
Krishnaswami Sundarji [died New Delhi 8 February 1999] was India's most brilliant, ambitious and controversial chief of army staff. In 1976 Sundarji became the first infantry officer to command an armoured division. During his three-year tenure he realised his ambition of raising the desperately needed mechanised infantry regiment. Sundarji took this forward in the '80s to shape the army's perspective, the Army Plan 2000, which outlined a new mobile strategy based on tanks, firepower and enhanced communications. Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Division (RAPID) formations, a brainchild of General Sundarji, have three brigades - two mechanised infantry and one armoured.
Four infantry divisions were converted into the Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Division (RAPID). Night fighting capabilities have been enhanced through third generation passive devices and thermal imaging systems. Sophisticated VHF and HF equipment have been developed to produce jam resistant frequency hopping sets while different kinds of indigenous radar will boost the air defence and artillery capabilities. These RAPID divisions were essentially infantry divisions with one mechanized brigade which would give the division greater mobility. The divisional structure was reduced by a brigade, on the assumption that the manpower reduction would be offset by various force multipliers and surveillance. Needless to say, the Army waited in vain, for the financial resources for this technological makeover were simply never allotted.
|Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list| | <urn:uuid:a7011152-3e6d-45ce-8e0b-e576f1cedd3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/divisions.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96981 | 1,178 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Supervised experience on YouTube is a new choice for parents to allow their children (under 13 or relevant age in their country/region) to access YouTube through a supervised account. As a creator, this means your videos may be made available in this experience.
What is a supervised experience on YouTube?
Parents can choose from the 3 different content settings on YouTube (Explore, Explore More, and Most of YouTube). We’ll use a mix of user input, machine learning and human review to determine which videos are included in each content setting. More on these content settings here.
When a parent grants access to YouTube, their child’s experience will feel much like regular YouTube, but with adjustments to the videos they can find and watch, features they can use, default account settings, and ads protections.
Giving feedback on supervised experiences on YouTube
If your videos aren’t currently available in one of the content settings and you believe they should be, please send us your feedback.
While our systems aren’t perfect and will make some mistakes, your feedback will help us improve. Although you won't receive a response to your submission, we do our best to review every video you submit.
Before submitting your feedback, make sure you have read about content settings for families using supervised experiences. | <urn:uuid:4ae190ad-7920-4f09-b145-ff9f86c3644d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/10315825?hl=en&ref_topic=10314939 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.916944 | 265 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Everything You Need to Know About Truck Transportation. Updated June 2021. Share: The first question any truck transport company will ask is the type of truck you're transporting and when. Knowing the make, model, and dimensions of the truck you need to transport is essential for an accurate shipping rate.
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Liming · Everything you need to know about tripod ball heads. Unlike two-way heads popular for video capture, a three-way head includes a swivel adjustment, as well as just pan and tilt, so you can
Kefid · General Motors's Gen V LT-series direct-injected engines, the LT1, LT4, LT5 and more are worthy successors to the loved LS engines and the iconic small-block Chevrolet. Here is everything you need to know about GM's latest and greatest.
Liming · Everything You Need To Know About Truck Accidents in Tampa, FL. December 1, 2021 by Post. Due to the size and design of semi-trucks, those unfortunate enough to get into an accident with one often suffer dire consequences. It seems as though every week, there's another devastating truck accident on the I-4 or I-75 heading in and out of Tampa Bay.
Liming · Rivian released its S-1 on Oct.1, 2021. It aims to sell its shares on Nasdaq and is reportedly seeking a valuation around $80 billion. The company is believed to be targeting an IPO date around Nov. 10.
Liming · Everything You Need To Know About The 2021 Ford F-150. People using it as a work truck will need it the most and they generally opt for lower trims. aluminum heads: Compacted graphite iron
Chrysler's Gen III (Gen 3) Hemi engine has been a force to be reckoned with. The 5.7L engine continues to this day and has been accompanied by larger 6.1L, 6.2L, and 6.4L cousins. In use as everything from a truck motor to the astonishing Hellephant crate engine, Mopar's modern V8 line has not only lived up to the myth of it's predecessors, but has created their own legend.
Liming · Cole Swindell started pursuing music while he was a college student. After leaving college in 2007, the Georgia native moved to Nashville to try his talent with the help of his fellow Georgia Southern alumnus Luke Bryan.. Bryan graduated way before Swindell entered the university, but the two met when the country superstar came back for visits and remained in …
Kefid · Everything You Need to Know About Heavy-Duty Truck Alignment. Everything You Need to Know About Heavy-Duty Truck Alignment; Table of Contents. There are many parts at work in a vehicle's suspension system that help contribute to a smooth and safe drive. Alignment is an important service to have performed on the suspension system
Everything You Want To Know About The GM Gen V / LT Engine
Kefid · 1980-1981 Fox Body Mustangs. In 1980, Ford introduced a new version of its small-block V-8 engine. It was a 4.2-liter or 255 cubic inch variant of the 302 which had a smaller bore of 3.68 inches. Essentially, it was a scaled-down version of the 302. This engine was rated at 118 horsepower and 193 lb-ft of torque.
Liming · RELATED STORIES: Car Warranty Guide: Everything You Need to Know Scheduled maintenance check-ups address a vehicle's fluid levels for brake and power steering systems, radiator coolant, and
Water Truck 101: Everything You Need To Know about These Bulk Water Carriers Water may cover 71% of the earth, but it is water trucks that often bring that water to the locations where it is most needed.
Everything You Need To Know About Heads-Up-Display (HUD)!
Kefid · The big-block Chevy goes by many names – the Rat, the Porcupine, and if you go back far enough, the semi-hemi. It started life as a major upgrade from the 348/409 W motor. What eventually became the MKIV first appeared as the Mystery Engine at the 1963 Daytona 500. The debut was both promising but ultimately inauspicious.
Liming · We take a look at everything you could possibly need to know about overdrives for your off road truck! Read all about transmissions with them built in and bolt on overdrive units in Off-Road Magazine! | <urn:uuid:f1d8c20e-0806-4e5e-a56c-996d5f771398> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avtomelleri.ru/2022/03/23-18664/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951205 | 1,058 | 1.671875 | 2 |
At the heart of SocialLearn is a central learner profile. This profile contains the usual user information, contacts, groups etc. By releasing an open API, the OU are hoping that any third party application will be able to add to that profile, using a suite of applications to pull information in from other sites, like OpenLearn, BBC (the web is you oyster), or potentially push out (to other profiles, applications and sites). Cue diagrams …
Taken from SocialLearn: Why/What/How?
SocialLearn is designed to go beyond the control of the institution allowing the integration of learning personal to the user, in effect allowing users to control the networks, resources or tools relevant to them (either through self-discovery or recommended to them by the network). The OU have already developed some applications which are demonstrated on the SocialLearn » Software page.
While the SocialLearn API won’t be beta released until later this month there is already a tantalising list of tools already supported. I was able to pick this list up from Open Content Online:
MicroLearner, Camtasia, 2Learner, Cohere, Twittearth, Cloudworks, Facebook, OpenLearn, 43 things, Remember the milk. Other applications to write to the API: YouTUbe, GoogleDocs, etc.
This brief interpretation of SocialLearn project is the tip of the iceberg. Once you start digging deeper there are implications for all aspects of being a student and the business model used to support that experience. Traditionally higher education institutions have brokered knowledge, controlled content, defining pathways towards accreditation. With SocialLearn students are in control, they can choose to receive content and support from third parties (including their peers), define their own pathways towards accreditation, blend informal and formal learning. | <urn:uuid:6710addf-c188-40cc-a9cd-03d97ac72262> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hawksey.info/blog/2008/07/sociallearn-the-future-of-higher-education/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919996 | 369 | 1.953125 | 2 |
This is some snippet preview from what you trying to search, the copyright of the images is owned by the original owner, this post is only to help you choose the best things what you are trying to search, because this post collecting some the best things from the things what you are trying to search
The following example demonstrates a case when the worker receives a fetch event and search for a matching cache if there is one it returns the.
In case of jQuery 16 versions the prop method provides a way to retrieve property values while the attr method retrieves attributes. Vishaal Kathiriya Vishaal Kathiriya. In above code we can see that check box id is checkbox1.
With jQuery you can use the val method to get the value of. When a particular user navigates through the web pages the service worker begins to receive fetch events. Follow answered Jun 20 2018 at 1037.
45 1 1 silver badge 8 8 bronze badges. But I want to create it for each option not for as a whole so that I can select more than option. Then checkbox is showing in front of dropdown field.
Inside getElementById we pass the elements id. However you need to toggle the checked property individually for each checkbox to implement the toggle functionality. Place a checkbox inside a label element to improve the usablity and accessibility.
Use the element with the type checkbox to create a checkbox element. | <urn:uuid:bc9e20b8-e84b-4251-9307-b642b9a1a618> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://martinlevinne.com/2021/09/15/javascript-checkbox-value/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.795687 | 860 | 1.75 | 2 |
Focused Tools for Law Enforcement
Many communities struggle with the PMHC program design process. Communities are unsure how to design and develop a PMHC program that meets their distinct needs and challenges. One way to increase knowledge of PMHCs, is to review programs that other jurisdictions have developed and tailor those programs to your specific community needs.
Law Enforcement agencies interested in expanding their knowledge base, starting, or enhancing a PMHC, can contact The U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) or BJA’s Training and Technical Assistance (TTA) Provider. BJA supports these urban and rural police departments to act as host-sites to visiting law enforcement agencies and their mental health partners.
- Arlington (MA) Police Department
- Bexar County (TX) Police Department
- Harris County (TA) Police Department
- Houston (TX) Police Department
- Los Angeles (CA) Police Department
- Madison County (TN) Sheriff's Office
- Madison (WI) Police Department
- Miami-Dade County (FL) Police Department
- Portland (ME) Police Department
- Salt Lake City (UT) Police Department
- Tucson (AZ) Police Department
- University of Florida Police Department
- Wichita (KS) Police Department
- Yavapai County (AZ) Police Department
Located across the country, these learning sites represent a diverse cross-section of perspectives and program examples and are dedicated to helping other jurisdictions improve their responses to people with mental illnesses.
The fourteen learning sites host site visits from interested colleagues and other local and state government officials, answer questions from the field, and work with BJA’s TTA provider to develop materials for practitioners and their community partners.
TTA is provided to law enforcement agencies and their community partners in an effort to assist with the development or implementation of PMHC strategies. Supplemental funds can be made available to agencies that are interested in visiting the learning sites. This is a focused approach intended to provide your agency with access to outstanding peer resources for police-mental health collaboration programs.
To request TTA and receive confirmation within 36 hours of your request
Complete the TA request form.
For frequently asked questions about the Law Enforcement Mental Health Learning Sites, access the TA FAQs. | <urn:uuid:9927b64f-188f-4a53-b078-cb7a41f8d69f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bja.ojp.gov/program/pmhc/infographic-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926652 | 473 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Recent studies in population of European ancestry have shown that 30%∼50% of heritability for human complex traits such as height and body mass index, and common diseases such as schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis, can be captured by common SNPs and that genetic variation attributed to chromosomes are in proportion to their length. Using genome-wide estimation and partitioning approaches, we analysed 49 human quantitative traits, many of which are relevant to human diseases, in 7,170 unrelated Korean individuals genotyped on 326,262 SNPs. For 43 of the 49 traits, we estimated a nominally significant (P<0.05) proportion of variance explained by all SNPs on the Affymetrix 5.0 genotyping array (). On average across 47 of the 49 traits for which the estimate of is non-zero, common SNPs explain approximately one-third (range of 7.8% to 76.8%) of narrow sense heritability.
The estimate of is highly correlated with the proportion of SNPs with association P<0.031 (r2 = 0.92). Longer genomic segments tend to explain more phenotypic variation, with a correlation of 0.78 between the estimate of variance explained by individual chromosomes and their physical length, and 1% of the genome explains approximately 1% of the genetic variance. Despite the fact that there are a few SNPs with large effects for some traits, these results suggest that polygenicity is ubiquitous for most human complex traits and that a substantial proportion of the “missing heritability” is captured by common SNPs.
The “missing heritability” problem has been intensely debated for the last few years. Possible explanations include the existence of many genetic variants each with a small effect, rare variants with large effects, and heritability being over-estimated. Previous studies using whole-genome estimation have demonstrated that for human complex traits such as height, body mass index, and intelligence, a large portion of the heritability can be captured by all the common SNPs on the current genotyping arrays. These studies, however, were all concentrated only on a few traits. In this study, we analysed 49 quantitative traits in a sample of ∼7,000 unrelated Korean individuals. We found that, on average over all the traits, common SNPs on the Affymetrix 5.0 genotyping array explain approximately a third of the heritability, that genetic variants are widely distributed across the whole genome with longer chromosomes explaining more phenotypic variation, and that approximately any 1% of the genome explains 1% of the heritability. Despite examples where a few variants explain a substantial amount of variation, all these results are consistent with polygenicity being ubiquitous for most complex traits.
Citation: Yang J, Lee T, Kim J, Cho M-C, Han B-G, Lee J-Y, et al. (2013) Ubiquitous Polygenicity of Human Complex Traits: Genome-Wide Analysis of 49 Traits in Koreans. PLoS Genet 9(3): e1003355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003355
Editor: Scott M. Williams, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
Received: October 2, 2012; Accepted: January 15, 2013; Published: March 7, 2013
Copyright: © 2013 Yang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: We acknowledge funding from the Australian Research Council (grant DP1093502) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (grant 613672). This research was performed within the Consortium for Large Scale Genome-Wide Association Study III (2011E7300400), which was supported by the genotyping data (the Korean Genome Analysis Project, 4845-301) and the phenotypic data (the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study, 4851-302) from the Korea Center for Disease Control. This study was also supported by Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (PJ0090192012) from the Rural Development Administration of Korea. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
The five years wave of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has uncovered thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with hundreds of human complex traits including common diseases , . Yet, for most complex traits, the gap between the proportion of phenotypic variance accounted for by the top SNPs that reached genome-wide significance level in GWAS and the heritability estimated from pedigree analyses remains unexplained . This was called the “missing heritability” problem , explanations to which have been debated in the field . Taking height and BMI for example, well-powered studies with a discovery sample of over 100,000 individuals have identified 180 and 32 loci to be associated with height and BMI , which explain ∼10% and ∼1.5% of variance for height and BMI, respectively, while the heritability was estimated to be ∼80% for height and 40∼60% for BMI , . On the other hand, however, recent studies using whole-genome estimation approaches have demonstrated that a large proportion of heritability for height , , body mass index (BMI) , schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be captured by all the common SNPs on the current genotyping arrays, which implies that there are a large number of variants each with an effect too small to pass the stringent genome-wide significance level. It could be argued that the evidence from these whole-genome estimation analyses are for the traits that are known to be highly polygenic and therefore are not representative for most human complex traits. Therefore, it remains unclear whether polygenic inheritance is a general phenomenon for most human complex traits or a unique feature for a particular group of traits such as height and BMI. There has been evidence from a review of a number of GWAS that more variants have been identified with increased sample size , consistent with a pattern of polygenic inheritance for most common diseases and complex traits. In this study, using the whole-genome estimation and partitioning approaches , , , we directly estimated the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the common SNPs all together on a genotyping array for a range of quantitative traits in a large homogenous sample of Koreans. We demonstrated by a number of different analyses that polygenic inheritance is likely to be ubiquitous for most human complex traits.
We used the data from the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project . The KARE cohort consists of 10,038 individuals recruited from two different sites in South Korea, genotyped at 500,568 SNPs on Affymetrix Human SNP array 5.0. There were 7,170 unrelated individuals and 326,262 autosomal SNPs after quality controls (Materials & Methods). We show by principal component analysis that all the individuals are of eastern Asian ancestry (Figure S1). All the individuals were measured for 49 quantitative traits, which are related to obesity, blood pressure, hyperglycemia, diabetes, liver functions, lung functions, and kidney functions (Table S1). The phenotypic correlations between pairwise traits are visualized in Figure S2, with traits within the same classification groups being more correlated than between groups.
We then estimated the proportion of variance explained by fitting all the SNPs in a mixed linear model for each of the 49 traits (Materials & Methods). In general, there was a substantial amount of variance explained by all SNPs on the Affymetrix 5.0 genotyping array () for most traits with a mean of 12.8% (a range from 0 to 31.6%) across all the 49 traits (Table 1). For 47 of the 49 traits, the estimate of was non-zero, 43 of which reached the nominal significance level (likelihood ratio test P<0.05) and 26 of which reached experimental-wise significance level after Bonferroni correction for multiple traits (likelihood ratio test P<0.001) . We compared the estimates of with the narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimated from pedigree analyses in the literature (Table S2), and observed a significant trend (P = 0.017) that traits with a higher estimate of h2 were more likely to have a larger estimate of (Figure S3) and that all the common SNPs explain approximately 33.3% (a range from 7.8% to 76.8%) of the narrow-sense heritability, despite that the estimates of h2 were from various different studies, usually with large standard errors and mostly in samples of European ancestry. In contrast, when we performed a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis in the same sample, we identified genome-wide significant (P<5×10−8) SNPs for 25 of the 49 traits. On average across the 25 traits, the top associated SNPs from GWA analyses explained only 1.5% (range of 0.5% to 3.8%) of phenotypic variance (Table S2), nearly 10-fold smaller than the estimate of , suggesting there are many SNPs remaining undetected because of the lack of statistical power. In addition, we estimated the variance explained by all the SNPs imputed to HapMap2 CHB and JPT panels (Materials & Methods and Table S2). The estimate of averaged across all the traits using imputed data (13.8%) was slightly higher than that using genotyped data (12.8%).
We calculated the proportion of SNPs with p-values that passed a threshold p-value in a GWA analysis (θP) for each trait. We calculated θP for a range of threshold p-values and plotted them against the expected values under the null hypothesis of no association (i.e. the threshold p-values) (Figure S4). This plot is an analogue to the QQ plot. The averaged θP over all the traits started deviating from the expected value when the threshold p-value became small (Figure S4A) and such deviation varied across traits (Figure S4B). The question is whether a trait that shows a larger value of θP will also tend to have a larger estimate of . We then correlated θP with the estimates of across all the traits for a threshold p-value and calculated such correlations for a range of threshold p-values, from 0.001 to 0.201 by 0.05. We found a maximum of squared correlation of 0.923 at the threshold p-value of 0.031 (Figure 1), meaning that traits that have more proportion of SNPs passed a significance level in GWAS also have more proportion of phenotypic variance explained by all SNPs. It should be noted that the threshold p-value at which the maximum correlation between the estimate of and θP was found depends on sample size. This analysis is an alternative way to demonstrate the equivalence between GWAS and the whole-genome estimation analysis as implemented in GCTA. Although the whole-genome estimation approach estimates the variance explained by all SNPs regardless of individual SNP-trait associations, the estimate of is actually mainly attributed to SNPs that show stronger evidence for association with the trait, e.g. ∼92% of the estimate of could be determined by SNPs with association p-values<0.031 given the sample size of ∼7,000 in this study. These results also suggest that there are many common variants associated with the traits at nominally significant level (P<0.05) but their effect sizes are too small to be genome-wide significant (P<5×10−8).
The proportion of GWAS significant SNPs (θP) is defined as the proportion of SNPs that passed a threshold P value (e.g. 0.01) in GWAS. Panel A): correlations (r) between θP and across 47 traits (all traits except INS0 and HOMA) for a range of threshold p-values. The maximum r value (rmax = 0.960) is at a threshold p-value of 0.031. Panel B): estimates of against θP at p-value of 0.031 for the 47 traits.
Using the same method as above but allowing to fit multiple genetic components simultaneously in the model (Materials & Methods), we then partitioned into the contributions of individual chromosomes for all the 49 traits (Table S3) except HOMA and INS0 for which the estimates of were zero (Table 1), and plotted the estimate of variance explained by each chromosome () against chromosome length (LC) for each trait. We did not observe a linear correlation between and LC for any particular traits (Figure S5) as strong as that shown in the previous studies for height and schizophrenia . The squared correlation between and LC was from 0.00 to 0.48 with a mean of 0.15 and a standard deviation of 0.12. This result is not unexpected because the sample size of this study is smaller than that of the previous analysis so that in our analysis were estimated with larger sampling errors. We then averaged the estimates of over all the traits to reduce the sampling error variance and found that the averaged estimate of was strongly correlated with LC with a correlation of 0.78 (Figure 2A). We show by hierarchical cluster analysis that the correlation between averaged and LC was not driven by a few traits (Figure 3) and by randomly sampling the same number of SNPs from each chromosome that it was also not due to longer chromosomes having more SNPs (Figure S6). We also demonstrate that the estimates of on longer chromosomes were more variable than those on shorter chromosomes (Figure S7). We further took the weighted average of the estimates of across traits by , which is defined as the proportion of genetic variance attributed to each chromosome, and plotted it against the proportion of the genome represented by each chromosome (LC/L, with L being the total length of the genome) (Figure 2B). The regression slope of the proportion of the genetic variance attributed to each chromosome on the proportion of the genome represented by each chromosome was 0.875 with a standard error (SE) of 0.150 which was not significantly different from 1 (P = 0.413), and the intercept was 0.008 (SE = 0.007) which was not significantly different from zero (P = 0.289), suggesting that on average 1% of the genome approximately explains 1% of the genetic variance. Despite that there are SNPs with large effects for some traits (Figure S8), all these results are consistent with that many genetic variants each with a small effect widely spread across the whole genome.
In panel A), shown on the y-axis is the averaged estimate of variance explained by each chromosome () across all the traits, except INS0 and HOMA, for which the estimates of variance explained by all SNPs () are zero. In panel B), the estimate of is weighted by for each trait, i.e. , and the length of each chromosome is divided by the total length of the genome, where the intercept (0.008, SE = 0.007) is not significantly different from zero (P = 0.289) and the slope (0.875, SE = 0.150) is not significantly different from 1, which is not significantly different from 1 (P = 0.413).
On the y-axis is the variance explained by each chromosome () weighted by the total variance explained by all SNPs () and averaged across all traits, except INS0 and HOMA, for which the estimates of are zero. The estimates of and the traits were clustered by the hierarchical clustering approach and the heatmap plot was generated by the gplots package in R.
In addition, we partitioned into the contributions of genic () and intergenic () regions of the whole genome (Materials & Methods) and averaged the estimates of and across all the traits. The result shows that SNPs in genic regions explain disproportionally more variation than those in intergenic regions (Table S4). We further estimated the variance explained by the genic () and intergenic () regions of each chromosome and again averaged the estimates of and across all traits. The numbers of genic and intergenic SNPs on each chromosome are presented in Table S5. We show that the variance explained by the genic (intergenic) regions on each chromosome is also proportional to the total length of the genic (intergenic) regions (Figure 4).
Previous studies using the whole-genome estimation approach , have shown that common SNPs explain a large proportion of heritability for traits and diseases such as height , , BMI , cognition ability , , rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia . The reason why GWAS have not yet identified all the common SNPs that explain this amount of variation is mainly because there are many of them each with an effect too small to pass the stringent genome-wide significance level. However, each of these studies focused only on one or a few diseases or traits. We estimated and partitioned the genetic variance that tagged by all common SNPs for 49 traits in an eastern Asian population and showed by a number of analyses that polygenic inheritance is ubiquitous for most human complex traits.
The estimates of for 6 traits, however, were not different from zero at the nominal significance level (0.05) and the estimates for two insulin related traits INS0 (fasting blood insulin level) and HOMA (homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) were constrained at zero in the analysis because the estimates were converged at small negative values during the estimation process. It does not necessarily mean that common SNPs do not explain any genetic variance for INS0 and HOMA. It could mean that for the two traits are small and their estimates approached zero just because of random sampling. For example, if the true parameter of for a trait is 0.05, given a SE of 0.04 (similar magnitude as those presented in Table 1), the probability of getting a zero estimate of is approximately 0.11, meaning that it is not surprising to observe a few zero estimates from an analysis of 49 estimates if the true parameters of for these traits have a spectrum from moderate to small values.
The estimate of for height was 31.6% (SE = 4.6%), which was smaller than the estimate from a study in Australians ( = 44.9%, SE = 8.3%) but not statistically significant (P = 0.161), and was significantly (P = 0.015) smaller than the estimate from another study in European Americans ( = 44.8%, SE = 2.9%) . There could be two possible reasons: 1) there is a difference in heritability for height between Koreans and Europeans and 2) the tagging of Affymetrix 5.0 array is not as good as the later version Affymetrix 6.0 and the Illumina HumanCNV370 arrays used in the previous studies in Europeans. The estimate for BMI ( = 14.7%, SE = 4.1%) was also slightly smaller than that in European Americans ( = 16.5%, SE = 2.9%) but the difference was not significant (P = 0.741). We estimated the narrow-sense heritability for 11 traits by from a family study in Koreans (Text S1 and Table S6). The estimate of heritability either for height (h2 = 0.744, SE = 0.048) or for BMI (h2 = 0.478, SE = 0.057) in Koreans was comparable to that estimated in Europeans. We then estimated the variance explained by all SNPs on Affymetrix 5.0 array in the sample of 11,586 unrelated European Americans as used in (Text S1). The estimate of variance explained by all SNPs on Affymetrix 5.0 array in European Americans was 0.394 (SE = 0.027) for height, which was not significantly different from that estimated in this study (P = 0.118). Therefore, the difference between the estimate of in this study and in previous studies is partly due to the use of different types of SNP genotyping arrays and partly due to sampling error.
It is demonstrated by the genome partitioning analysis that there was a strong linear relationship between the estimates of variance explained by individual chromosomes and chromosome length (Figure 2). The correlation between variance explained and DNA length was stronger in the intergenic regions than that in the genic regions if we define the genic region as ±0 Kb or ±20 Kb of UTRs, while it was stronger in the genic regions than that in the intergenic regions if we define the genic region as ±50 Kb of UTRs (Figure 4). We show by a number of analyses that the result was driven neither by the difference between the number of SNPs in genic regions and in intergenic regions nor by the difference in MAF distribution between genic and intergeinc SNPs (Text S2). If trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in functional elements such as introns and UTRs and diluted in exons, the relationship between the variance explain and DNA length will be attenuated in the genic region. However, this could also be just due to sampling. The sampling variance of a regression R2 is approximately 4ρ2(1−ρ2)/N where E(R2) = ρ2 and N is number of observations (number of chromosomes in this case). Given ρ2 = 0.5 and N = 22, the SE of the regression R2 is ∼0.2. Therefore, the difference between the correlation (between the variance explained and DNA length) in genic regions and that in intergenic regions is unlikely to be significant. In addition, in the partitioning analysis of intergenic regions, chromosome 2 seems to be an outlier (Figure 4). For example, for the definition of genic region of ±50 Kb, the variance explained by the intergenic regions on chromosome 2 averaged across 47 traits was 0.68% (SE = ∼0.16%), which was 0.25% larger than the expected value from the fitted line. Given the SE of ∼0.16%, the difference was, however, not greater than what we would expect by chance (P = 0.118).
Moreover, we attempted to investigate the enrichment of genetic variants in genes involved in biological pathways. For any particular trait, there are a number of biological pathways that are important to the trait development. We chose the well-known insulin signal transduction pathway as an example to demonstrate the use of GCTA to partition the genetic variance based on functional annotations. We took SNPs that are ±20 kb away from 103 genes that are involved in insulin signaling pathway. There were 955 SNPs which covered ∼0.45% of the genome. We then performed the genome partitioning analysis to decompose into two components, i.e. the contribution of the genes involved in insulin pathway and that of the rest of the genome for 11 lipids and diabetes related traits. As shown in Table S7, we did not find any evidence that genes involved in insulin pathway explained disproportionally more proportion of variance. This is not surprising because these gene regions cover ∼0.45% of the genome and the SE of the estimate was ∼0.3% so that even if there is an enrichment of genetic variants in these gene regions, it is unable to be detected due to the lack of power. Larger sample size is required for such kind of analysis in the future.
In conclusion, we showed by whole genome estimation and partitioning analyses that, most human complex traits, if not all, appear to be highly polygenic, i.e. there are a large number of genetic variants segregating in the population with a small effect widely distributed across the whole genome. All the common SNPs on the Affymetrix 5.0 array explain approximately a third of heritability on average over all the 49 traits analysed in this study. The remaining unexplained two thirds of heritability could be due to causal variants including the common and rare ones that are not well tagged by SNPs on the array or possibly due to the heritability was over-estimated in the family/twin studies. The conclusion drawn from previous studies that heritability is not missing but due to many variants with small effects is not specific for human height in European populations but likely to be in common for most human complex traits and populations. Taken all together, it implies that although whole genome sequencing data will provide much denser genomic coverage than the current genotyping array and will therefore identify more associated variants and explain more genetic variance, large sample size is still essential.
Materials and Methods
The KARE cohort
This study used the data from the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project, which has been described elsewhere . In brief, there were 10,038 individuals recruited from two community-based cohorts, 5,018 from Ansung and 5,020 from Ansan, in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The individuals were aged from 40 to 69 years old and born in 1931 to 1963. All the individuals were measured for a range of quantitative traits through epidemiological surveys, physical examinations and laboratory tests, including traits related to obesity, blood condition, pulse, bone mineral density, lipids, diabetes index, liver functions, lung functions and kidney functions. A description of the 49 traits used in this study is summarized in Table S1. We adjusted the phenotypes of each trait for age by simple regression and then standardized the residuals to z-scores, in each of the two cohorts (Ansung and Ansan) and in each gender group separately.
Genotyped and imputed data
The genomic DNAs were isolated from peripheral blood drawn from the participants and were genotyped with 500,568 SNPs on the Affymetrix 5.0 genotyping array . We excluded the SNPs with missingness rate >5%, minor allele frequency (MAF)<0.01, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test P value<10−6 using PLINK , and retained 326,262 autosomal SNPs for further analysis. The KARE GWAS data had been imputed to HapMap2 CHB and JPT panels . After removing SNPs with MAF<0.01 and SNP missing rate >0.05, there were 2,153,258 genotyped/imputed SNPs .
Estimating and partitioning genetic variance using SNP data
We estimated the genetic relationship matrix (GRM) between all pairs of individuals from all the genotyped SNPs and excluded one of each pair of individuals with estimated relationship >0.025 retaining 7,170 unrelated individuals. For each trait, we then estimated the variance that can be captured by all SNPs using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach in mixed linear model , where y is a vector of phenotypes, b is a vector of fixed effects with its incidence matrix X, is a vector of aggregate effects of all SNPs, and with AG being the SNP-derived GRM and being the additive genetic variance. The proportion of variance explained by all SNPs is defined as with being the phenotypic variance. Details of the model and parameter estimation have been described elsewhere , . In addition, using the same method as above but allowing to fit multiple genetic components simultaneously in the model, we partitioned into the contributions of genic () and intergenic () regions of the whole genome and averaged the estimates of and across all the traits. The genic regions were defined as ±0 kb, ±20 kb and ±50 kb of the 3′ and 5′ UTRs. A total of 135,491, 175,637 and 205,901 SNPs were located within the boundaries of 12,310, 15,140 and 15,274 protein-coding genes for the three definitions (±0 kb, ±20 kb and ±50 kb), respectively, which covered 36.1%, 49.2% and 58.9% of the genome.
Principal component analysis (PCA). The genotype data of the KARE cohort (8,842 individuals) was combined with the data from the HapMap3 project . There are 1,397 individuals from 11 populations in the HapMap3 data. PCA was performed on the combined set of 10,239 individuals with ∼296K SNPs in common between KARE and HapMap3. Population codes shown in the figure are as follows: KOR-Korean in Ansan and Ansung, Korea; ASW-African ancestry from Southwest USA; CEU-Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection; CHB-Han Chinese in Beijing, China; CHD-Chinese in Metropolitan Denver, Colorado; GIH-Gujarati Indians in Houston, USA; JPT-Japanese in Tokyo, Japan; LWK-Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; MEX-Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles, USA; MKK-Massai in Kinyawa, Kenya; TSI-Tuscans, Italy; YRI-Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria. Plotted are eigenvector 1 against eigenvector 2 from PCA. The KARE cohort is overlapped with the three Eastern Asian samples in HapMap3 (CHB, CHD and JPT).
Pairwise phenotypic correlations between the 49 traits. The traits are classified into 10 groups: obesity, blood pressure & pulse, BMD, lipids, diabetes index, blood cell count, blood ions, liver function, lung function, and kidney function. The phenotypic correlations between traits in the same groups are stronger than those in different groups. From a principal component analysis of the phenotypic correlation matrix, the first 33 eigenvectors explain >95% of variance.
Variance explained by all SNPs estimated in the present study against the heritability estimates from pedigree analyses in literatures for the 49 traits. The regression slope is 0.137 (P = 0.017) and the regression R2 is 0.131. Detailed information can be found in Table S1.
The observed proportion of SNPs with p-values passed a threshold p-value from genome-wide association analysis vs. the expected value (i.e. the threshold p-value). Shown on both axes are on the −log10 scale. A) −log10(θP) value averaged across 47 traits (all traits except INS0 and HOMA) are plotted. B) −log10(θP) of all the 47 traits are plotted.
Estimate of variance explained by each chromosome against chromosome length for each of the 47 traits (all traits except INS0 and HOMA).
Proportion of variance attributed to each chromosome averaged across traits against chromosome length when the number of SNPs on each chromosome is equal. There are 3500 SNPs randomly sampled from each chromosome. The estimate of variance explained by each chromosome is an average across all traits.
The estimates of variance explained by individual chromosomes against chromosome length for the 47 traits (all traits except INS0 and HOMA).
Manhattan plot of GWAS results for the traits with single variants of large effects. Panels A), B), C) and D) are for traits GLU60, HBA1C, RBC and RGTP, respectively.
Summary description of the 49 traits in the KARE cohort.
Estimates of variance explained by all SNPs for the 49 traits.
Variance explained by all the SNPs on individual chromosomes for the 49 traits but HOMA and INS0.
Estimates of the variance explained by all the genic and intergenic SNPs averaged across the 47 traits (all traits except INS0 and HOMA). A genic region is defined as ±0 kb, ±20 kb and ±50 kb of the 3′ and 5′ UTRs of a gene.
Numbers of genic and intergenic SNPs on each chromosome.
Estimate of heritability from a pedigree analysis for 11 traits. Data and analysis are described in Text S1.
Estimates of variance explained by SNPs at the gene regions that are involved in insulin signaling pathway for 11 lipids and diabetes related traits.
Difference between the estimates of variance explained by all SNPs in Europeans and in Koreans.
We thank Peter Visscher for constructive suggestions on the study and for helpful comments on the manuscript and William Hill, Naomi Wray, Enda Byrne, Gibran Hemani and Joseph Powell for discussion.
Conceived and designed the experiments: HK JY. Analyzed the data: TL JK SC HK JY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: M-CC B-GH J-YL. Wrote the paper: JY HK H-JL SC TL JK.
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Earlier this year, I started my first container vegetable garden. I have peppers and spinach coming along and some bright red grape tomatoes that I think are ready to pick – or are they? Even though they are red, that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s time to pick them and add them to a salad just yet. Since I’m a novice gardener, I need to learn (and want to share) tricks for harvesting your vegetable garden at the perfect time. Gardening can be easy, we promise.
Cucumber: If you’re growing fresh slicing cucumbers, wait until they reach about seven to nine inches long and are a bright dark green color. They should be firm and smooth. When you harvest, be sure to leave a short stem on each one. You’ll need to check and pick cucumbers daily when they’re ready.
Leaf Lettuce: Once your plant has grown to about 4 inches in height, harvest the outer leaves, while allowing the inner leaves to grow. You can keep reaping the benefits of your lettuce plants all summer long.
Spinach: When leaves are four to six inches long, cut them off at the base. You want to do this before you see a flower stalk start to shoot up amongst your leaves. After you harvest, new leaves will grow in their place so you’ll have more spinach later.
Eggplant: Eggplant is one fruit that should be harvested when it’s slightly immature – experts say this leads to better flavor. Look for firm, shiny eggplants that are bright purple to black in color. Don’t pull your eggplants off the plant — cut them instead.
Summer Squash: This is one veggie that you want to pick young. Keep a close eye on summer squash, checking it daily even. Test the skin to see if it’s tender enough to poke your fingernail through – that’s a good indication that it’s time to pick. If you’re growing zucchini, ripe ones are typically between four and eight inches long and about 1 1/2 inches in diameter.
Beets: Once you see beet shoulders popping out of the soil line, you can harvest them whenever they look like the size you like to eat.
Tomatoes: Should you pick them when red? Yes, but make sure they’re fully colored and slightly soft. Some green thumbs suggest waiting five to eight days after the tomatoes turn red. If you’re new to gardening, be sure to check their firmness daily. They can become soft quickly if overripe. The best way to pick? Twist and pull from the vine.
Onions: You might think onions are a bigger challenge because they’re hiding beneath the soil. However, they’re relatively easy to harvest. Watch for the top to ripen and fall over. Then, dig them out and allow them to dry in the sun. Be sure to harvest before the frost.
Carrots: These veggies can be tricky since it’s hard to know how long they are when they’re in the ground. Watch for orange tops of the carrots to appear at the soil line. When the diameter looks appropriate for the variety you’re growing, don’t stress about how long it might be, just pull one out of the ground to see if the length is good. If so, go ahead and harvest. But there’s no harm in pulling your carrots out later in the season long after they’re ripe – some experts swear a light frost gives the veggies a sweeter flavor.
Sweet Peppers: Pick your green peppers when they reach full size and feel firm. Red, orange or yellow peppers take an extra two or three weeks. They should remain on the plant until they turn the appropriate color.
Radishes: You don’t want radishes to get over ripe because they’ll get tough and woody – and they mature quickly so watch out! Once you see the tops of the bulbs showing at the soil line, pull them.
Peas: Don’t wait for your peas to develop seeds fully. Pick them when the pods look and feel full? They’ll be sweeter if you harvest them before they plump all the way. Too hard to tell? The best way to determine if you should pick your peas is by tasting one for sweetness.
Are you an expert in picking veggies at the right time? Have you grown sweet and flavorful harvests worth bragging about? Tell us in the comments below. | <urn:uuid:65a25bc8-97ea-412c-b3df-72f2d5715bc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ecosalon.com/under-ripe-too-ripe-or-just-ripe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933275 | 959 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Information Superhighway has a new exit down at the Chat 'n Chew Café. Charlene purchased and set up one of these new $800 desktop computers with a dialup connection to the Internet via the "Just URL and Me" Internet service provider located uptown at the old Hardware Hank store. So now, from time to time, I receive an Email direct from one Charlene's patrons with a trivia question that has come up for discussion around the coffee and donuts.
Last week, the question had to do with differences in stalk rotting and stalk color over the winter among and within fields of corn. It seems that someone had been out in an untilled corn field recently and noticed that the stalks in part of the field were blacker than other parts of the field, even though the whole field was the same hybrid. What is the reason for this?
Well, the stalks that are blacker are stalks that are rotting more quickly or thoroughly. My opinion (based partly on fact, partly on guess) derives from the concept that corn under stress during grain fill is more likely to "cannabilize" itself to fulfill the demands of the developing ears. Such remobilization of stored carbohydrates from the stalks and roots increases the susceptibility to root and stalk rots in the latter stages of grain fill. Such depleted stalk tissue is also more susceptible to other "opportunistic" fungi that invade the tissue and begin the normal decomposition process after harvest.
Bottom Line: Normal stalk decomposition will occur more easily and quickly in 1) areas of fields that endured stress during grain fill, and also 2) in hybrids that are genetically more prone to remobilizing stored carbohydrates during grain fill. The latter case is illustrated by hybrids that are not considered to be 'stay-green' types. If you are using the new Bt corn hybrids, you will likely also notice that their stalks will not begin decomposing as rapidly as non-Bt hybrids, especially in years where corn borer pressure is heavy, simply because the Bt hybrid stalks will remain healthier longer.
For more information on stalk lodging and rotting, see AY-262, Stalk Lodging in Corn: Guidelines for Preventive Management, available on-line at http://www.agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/Pubs/AY/AY-262.html or from your local Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service office. | <urn:uuid:7eab3531-5646-4054-86e1-e00eac95aedc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/articles.98/p&c9804.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963619 | 497 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Building a home is a decision that should be carefully thought out and planned.
You know how you want your new home to look and where you want it built.
But how do you get the keys to your dream home in your hand?
This guide will walk you through the process of home construction from start to finish.
Chris Barbara Development has been the premier commercial and custom home construction expert in West Palm Beach since 1970. We are a Florida Licensed General Contractor offering complete construction, development, and disaster recovery services. Click here to get in touch with us or give us a call at (561) 312-2717.
We offer a design-build service that encompasses every detail of your home construction. We will handle the design, acquiring every permit, contractor management, and complete construction. That way you only have to deal with one company throughout the entire process.
Below you will see what it takes to build a home from beginning to end.
Planning and designing your new home.
If you choose to use our services, this will be the only part of your new home construction that you have to be extensively involved in. We will meet you and listen to your needs about what you want your new home to provide for you.
Then we’ll design the blueprint and layout the plan to have your home built. We will go over every detail to make sure we understand exactly how you want your home to look.
No detail will be missed, and we will carry your needs out to the letter.
Our next step will be to acquire all of the necessary permits and start your home construction.
Preparing the site and pouring the foundation.
If the site of your new home has not been cleared, we will clear and level it to the appropriate specifications. Then we prepare the foundation by installing the footing. This is what secures your foundation to the ground it sits on. Then we pour the concrete that will make up your foundation slab.
Once the concrete has cured, we install the water taps, sewers, and drains. Then comes the first inspection. We will meet with the city inspector to ensure everything is up to code. Once we get to this step, your home construction has officially begun!
Rough framing, HVAC, and plumbing,
We start by doing the rough framing then follow with rough plumbing and electrical HVAC. HVAC refers to Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. The following steps are completed during this phase:
- Flooring system installed.
- Walls and roof systems (framing) are built.
- Plywood or other specified materials are applied to the exterior and roof.
- A “house wrap” is applied to inhibit mold and wood rot.
- Exterior doors are installed.
- All pipes and electrical wiring are installed.
- Water supply lines are laid out.
- Bathtubs and/or showers are installed.
- Ductwork and vent pipes for the HVAC system are installed.
- The roof is installed with tiles or shingles added.
Building inspectors will then come to make sure that the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems are up to code.
Insulation is installed.
During the planning phase, we would have discussed with you the various options available for insulating your new home. This critical step will decide what your future energy bills will look like. We will then apply the insulation to your wall, floors, and crawl spaces.
Your home’s interior will start to shape up next.
The following is done next to get you one step closer to moving in:
- Drywall is hung and texturing completed.
- The initial primary paint coat is applied next.
- Doors and windowsills are installed.
- Cabinets and vanities come next.
- Baseboards, molding, and decorative trim are put in place.
- The final coat of interior paint is applied.
Exterior finishing is the next phase.
We are now getting close to completing your home construction. We will install the exterior finish such as brick, stone, or the South Florida favorite – stucco. The exterior siding is also installed.
If they have not already been done when the foundation was laid, driveways and walkways are now formed. If there is a patio in your home construction design, it also is constructed during this phase. The grounds are also prepared for landscaping and the final steps are getting closer.
The many but final steps of your home construction are next.
These final steps are when all the detailed comforts are put in place. We’ll start by installing the flooring and countertops. Then we move on to light fixtures, switches, and outlets. Your HVAC equipment and electrical panel are also put into place.
Mirrors, sinks, shower doors, and kitchen appliances are installed during this phase as well.
The final inspection is done to ensure we made a home that is up to code. The final step to your home construction is the walkthrough.
During our walkthrough, we will go through your new home and get you acquainted with it. We will show you its features and explain how to operate the various systems that were installed. We will also discuss the maintenance schedules and warranties involved.
The finally, you will get your keys and the movers can start bringing the things you need to really make it a “home”.
To find out more about us and the general contracting services we offer, visit our site. | <urn:uuid:92735cfb-868b-4af6-8054-2942a7ac4c3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.generalcontractorpalmbeachgardens.com/home-construction-from-start-to-finish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94437 | 1,142 | 1.515625 | 2 |
If you’re using Windows and you’ve been aching to get your hands on Skype Translator, you won’t have to wait too much longer; Skype announced today that it’s “targetting the end of summer 2015” to begin its rollout for the Windows desktop.
As of last month, you no longer have to manually sign up for the Skype Translator Preview, and according to Skype, this lead to a “300 percent increase” in adoption of the translation software, which allows you to communicate through VoIP in real-time without those pesky language barriers. Skype Translator uses machine learning, so it learns as people use it.
As of today, the Skype Translator preview application includes four spoken languages: English, Spanish, Italian and Mandarin, as well as 50 written instant messaging languages,” Skype posted on its official blog. “We will continue to expand the repertoire of languages as they meet our quality standard.”
If you haven’t already, be sure to download the modern Windows Skype Translator Preview here. | <urn:uuid:9b1012ef-27ae-47bb-a43b-a31380797fa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.trutower.com/2015/06/08/skype-translator-windows-desktop-calling-software-38233/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928696 | 225 | 1.617188 | 2 |
There is a balance to be struck between how much field deficiencies can be altered by better personnel (eg midfield) and better training. However, I don’t see enough discussion striking that balance. It’s either “we need good players” or “the coach needs to be better”.
In short: there is individual quality (IQ) and team quality (TQ).
The IQ is how good individual players are:
The TQ is how good the team is:
• game patterns
Both IQ and TQ are affected by players and staff. If the IQ is bad, the coach cannot play at the highest level and if the TQ is bad, the players cannot play at the highest level. They need to synthesize well to win titles.
To win a title, a team needs to have sufficient IQ, in defense, midfield and attack. Likewise, TQ in almost all three areas in order to compete at the highest level for titles.
In most “problems”, both the IQ and the TQ are involved. For example, if a team in defensive transition and a, say, Center Back dives into a challenge that results in an easy progression for the opponent, it’s a bad IQ that he did, but also a bad TQ that he was exposed to in that situation. .
So how can we analyze this? It’s a two-pronged approach:
First, we analyze the IQ of the player in question. This allows us to solve the specific problems that the player in question had then or has in general. So, we look at the TQ to prevent the situation from happening again.
These questions are almost always multifactorial; Both IQ and TQ need to be addressed, as soccer, by nature, is a sport in which hundreds of variables are simultaneously interacting with each other. It’s very rare that just IQ or TQ is the problem. It’s almost always both.
- I don’t intend to continue this article as it’s just me thinking out loud about something that I think would help a lot of people here who are specifically analyzing the game or just talking about the performance of players, teams, etc. | <urn:uuid:d955b8b1-6971-4859-bca5-a87b6e20bbc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eldeportenews.com/2021/09/14/analysis-the-interesting-contrast-between-individual-quality-and-team-quality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968068 | 494 | 2.875 | 3 |
A network consists of two or extra separate units (laptops, printers, servers, etc.) which are linked together so they can communicate. Most software functions are written for operating programs, which lets the working system do numerous the heavy lifting. We use auto-renewal for many of our fee-primarily based Providers. Computer networks may be categorized by many standards, for instance, the transmission medium used to carry indicators, bandwidth , communications protocols to organize community traffic, the network size, the topology, visitors management mechanism, and organizational intent.
With the exception of AOL accounts, all Verizon Media accounts are non-transferable, and any rights to them terminate upon the account holder’s dying. This license is for the sole purpose of enabling you to make use of and enjoy the benefit of the Providers we offer, within the method permitted by these Phrases and any additional terms or pointers. A personal space community (PAN) is a pc network used for communication among computer and completely different information technological gadgets shut to at least one person.
From Windows ninety five, all the best way to the Home windows 10, it has been the go-to operating software that’s fueling the computing methods worldwide. BusinessInsider is the rapidly grown expertise news associated web site the place it covers tech, monetary, media and different verticals of the business. 6 A multi-consumer operating system extends the fundamental concept of multi-tasking with services that determine processes and resources, similar to disk area, belonging to a number of users, and the system permits multiple customers to interact with the system at the similar time.
There’s the Google Android” you see on units from Samsung, LG, HTC, Sony, and other huge device manufacturers. Accordingly, if the contract concerning the usage of the Providers pursuant to those Terms is deemed a shopper contract under the Shopper Contract Act of Japan, some of the exclusions and limitations in Section 9 of those Terms is not going to apply to you for liability ensuing from our willful misconduct or gross negligence.
You conform to adjust to the export management legal guidelines and regulations of the United States and commerce controls of other relevant international locations, together with with out limitation the Export Administration Regulations of the U.S Department of Commerce, Bureau of Business and Safety and the embargo and commerce sanctions packages administered by the U.S. Division of Treasury, Workplace of International Belongings Control.
In case you are a consumer living within the EU, you’ll be able to cancel your payment-primarily based Service with out giving a cause within 14 days from the day of the conclusion of the contract. Within the My Pc window, open the drive that incorporates the installation recordsdata. Despite Reliance’s outdated-economy roots, consultants consider the corporate is tech-savvy and nimble enough to provide what the digital client desires.
A Home Space Community is at all times built utilizing two or extra interconnected computer systems to type an area space network (LAN) inside the home. To keep away from any doubt or uncertainty, the parties don’t conform to class arbitration or to the arbitration of any claims introduced on behalf of others. Alternatively, a community between two computer systems can be established without dedicated additional hardware by utilizing a standard connection such because the RS-232 serial port on each computer systems, connecting them to each other via a particular crosslinked null modem cable.
When an interrupt is acquired, the computer’s hardware automatically suspends whatever program is currently operating, saves its standing, and runs laptop code beforehand related to the interrupt; that is analogous to inserting a bookmark in a ebook in response to a phone name. The processing of hardware interrupts is a activity that’s usually delegated to software known as a tool driver , which can be part of the working system’s kernel, part of one other program, or each.
And the reason for using VLC Media Player is that Home windows Media Player doesn’t help all file format such asmkvflv recordsdata. The configuration file may be discovered at %PROGRAMFILES%\Odoo eight.0-id\server\. You may cancel a payment-primarily based Service at any time by logging into your on-line account and terminating the subscription. An operating system is a large piece of software made of many various functions and processes. | <urn:uuid:d2bb3d54-bd57-4c0e-a42d-443ca09e48e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://akd-seo.com/networks-on-hulu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.910627 | 1,001 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The septic tank inside your home is among the most essential aspects. They deal with wastewater once it drains out of the property.
The cleansing of the septic tank generally requires the assistance for a skilled worker. Sometimes, there’s too little time to contact one. This article will discuss how to maintain a septic system in a great condition. There is also a product that you can use, called Septifix. Let’s go! Kansas City Mo Septic Tank Cleaning
For those of you who prefer a more visual experience, here is a video review by Kate from Kate’s Journey’s YouTube channel. To get a comprehensive overview of Septifix, you may still want to check out our article below.
What You Should Know About Septic Tank Cleaning Kansas City Mo Septic Tank Cleaning
Cleaning a septic tank is not an easy job. Most tanks are made out of fiberglass, plastic, or concrete. After a long period of use there may be an accumulation of sludge and bacteria. That’s where the septic tank maintenance comes in.
It’s best to clean your septic tank once a year or every two years. This will help make the tank’s system efficient. There are four points you need to think about:
- Inspection and pump frequency
- Making use of water to the best of your ability
- Proper waste disposal
- The maintenance of the drain field is
Inspection and Pump Frequency
This part usually involves an expert, however it is possible to see what you can do. The tank has to be pumped in intervals of 3 to 5 years. If the septic tank has damaged parts, such as mechanical components such as electrical switches or pumps, they need to be inspected. There are four aspects to consider to consider when it is checked:
- Your home’s size home
- The quantity of solids that are present in the wastewater
- Your septic tank’s size
- The total amount of water that’s produced in your home.
When You Should Consult a Professional
If your septic tank is causing more problems inside the household, it is best to contact the experts. They know the best time and place to build new pipes to your home. This includes the septic tank itself. They will look at the layer of sludge and scum as well as look for leaks at the same time. Be sure to record this information. be documented to be used in the future. When cleaning is not yet required, you will need to make sure you check it each time.
Septic Tank Cleaning and Septifix Tablets
The septic tank’s pump has a T-shaped outlet that prevents the sludge from exiting the tank. If the lowest layers of the tank contains sediment within twelve inches from the outlet it’s a must to flush out the scum. If you don’t have the time to ask for an expert, a second option is a possibility using The Septifix tablet.
Septifix tablets can solve a variety of issues with septic tanks. Each dose can remove foul odor from the sludge. Additionally, the formulation can break down the bacteria.
Three tablets in the toilet should be used before the effects take effect in one usage. When the tablets are in the toilet, they break down the sludge. It may take between 3 to 5 days to see any odor change. Most tanks contain sodium carbonate, which functions as a water-resistant barrier. This means that corrosion can be prevented in the house’s pumps. The Septifix tablet Septifix tablet is able to fight toilet paper, oil grease, and soap to prevent the scum in the tank that is pumped into it.
Pros and Cons of Septifix
- Thorough cleansing of the septic tank
- Odor reduction
- Live bacteria are the most prolific source of growth
- 60-day money-back guarantee
- Only available on their official website
- The tablet can cause itching hands, therefore wash hands frequently with soap and water
Septifix Tablets Usage
Septifix tablets, when used using your hands only are safe to use. It is only necessary to wash your hands right away after using. It is strongly not recommended to take or ingest tablets into your body. Why? The tablet is made up of sodium carbonate, an effective anti-sludge agent.
The tablet’s importance will allow live bacteria to flourish in the tank. The bacteria reduce the sludge and boost oxygen levels, and with fewer septic tank deposits. Who doesn’t want to have a smelly septic tank even if it isn’t? You’ll save money in the long run instead of relying on the services of a professional.
If in case you are in need of assistance from plumbers who are actually working. It all depends on the pipe and the condition the septic tank you have.
Septifix Tablet Formulation
Septifix tablets weigh 55 grams. It is packed with 14 types of aerobic bacteria as well as pH-regulating components that stimulate healthy bacteria. It will begin to take effect when it goes inside the septic tank. The same live bacteria will prevent pipes from leaking or corroding and will neutralize the acid.
Cost of Septifix
The cost of Septifix tablets comes in 6-month supplies. While you can only find the product on the official website, you can save $300 per year. There are three packages you can choose from:
- A six-month supply of $69
- A 12-month supply costing $59
- An 18-month supply costs $49
Note: The first package has an additional cost for shipping. The subsequent packages include no shipping at all. It is possible to save money by purchasing more supply, but it depends on the needs of your family. All offers come with a guarantee of 60 days for money back.
In short the Septifix tablet is designed to solve your septic tank woes.
Say goodbye to unpleasant odors with expert planning from honest plumbers. While it takes time, you can observe the results of your plumbing system in your home. It will boost the oxygen levels to thrive the healthy bacteria. One additional benefit is less the possibility of oxidizing pipes. It is not necessary to spend more too!
The only drawback is that it’s only reachable on their website. While maintaining, make sure that you maintain your pipes regularly. pipes is the key to an effective septic tank.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Kansas City Mo Septic Tank Cleaning
How do you take care of cleaning a Septic tank?
A professional is required to clean the septic tank once a year or every two years. While cleaning the pumping system, it should be examined also. Any water leaks or cracks in the pipe connecting towards the tank need to be fixed or replaced to stop odors of foul emanating.
What is Septifix exactly?
Septifix is a solution for plumbing tablet designed by Richard V. He owns a plumbing company. He assists customers in their pipes. The tablet came to be in the course of three years research by his team of scientists.
What is the process behind Septifix work?
Utilizing three tablets, put them in the toilet and flush them away. When the tablets have reached the tank for septic, allow it to work its magic. It can take up to 3 to 5 days for any changes to take place. There is no need to inspect the septic tank on your own since the tablet is a source of chemical substances.
Is Septifix appropriate for use?
Yes. Septifix tablet are suitable to use, however it is advised to wash one’s hands after use. The properties of the tablets include oxygen and sodium carbonate which could cause irritation to the skin.
What are the advantages from Septifix tablets?
Septifix tablets will help to break down the sludges that are in the tank with its tried and tested formula. As the process progresses the smell of the tank will be improved and make the smell bearable to take in. When it comes to the environment, it diffuses oxygen, which makes wastes turn into nutrients. The most effective aid is to slow down corrosion on the pipes.
What happens if I’m not happy in my Septifix tablets?
The company offers a 60-day money-back assurance. If you’re not happy with the outcome, you will be refunded. Contact the company for more details. | <urn:uuid:de45c794-e127-4e8d-9ab0-1a36b55d1a3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecobugdoctor.com/kansas-city-mo-septic-tank-cleaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932765 | 1,778 | 1.765625 | 2 |
After carrying out a lengthy course of treatment, a dentist was surprised to receive an expensive watch as a gift from the grateful elderly patient, who explained it had belonged to her deceased husband.
The following week, the patient's daughter bumped into the dentist who was wearing the watch and remarked that her dad used to have a watch like that. The dentist was taken aback that the daughter wasn't aware of her mother gifting the item to him and rang the DDU for advice about whether he should return it.
The DDU adviser explained that the gift could be seen to be more than a simple token of appreciation and there was a danger that he could be vulnerable to an allegation that he was taking advantage of the patient.
GDC Standard 1.7.5 guidance states, "You must refuse any gifts, payment or hospitality if accepting them could affect, or could appear to affect, your professional judgment."
The dentist wrote to the patient explaining that having carefully reflected of the situation, he wasn't in a position to accept the generous gift and would like to return it. The patient accepted the explanation and bought the practice team a Christmas tree for the reception area instead. The practice also reviewed and updated its policy on staff accepting gifts.
Prescribing for a family member
A newly qualified dentist was visited by a family member on Boxing Day. The relative, who was visiting from another part of the country, pleaded to be prescribed a course of antibiotics to help with the gum infection she had developed on Christmas Day. The dentist felt it would be more convenient to do this than to ask the relative to contact their own dentist or call 111 but rang the DDU for advice.
The DDU adviser explained that although there is no absolute restriction on treating relatives GDC Standard 9.1.4 states that, 'You must maintain appropriate boundaries in the relationships you have with patients'.
The GDC has issued separate guidance on prescribing, stating that one aspect of responsible prescribing means doing so 'only where you are able to form an objective view of your patient's health and clinical needs'.
A lack of objectivity could potentially lead to issues that leave a dental professional open to criticism, such as missing another problem, inappropriate prescribing, or interfering with ongoing treatment that has been provided by other healthcare professionals. The GDC's guidance specifically states that, "Other than in emergencies, you should not prescribe medicines for anyone with whom you have a close personal relationship".
The dentist suggested the family member contact their own dentist who arranged for a prescription to be made available at a local chemist.
Festive emergency cover
A patient complained on social media that she couldn't get an emergency appointment over the festive period, which she needed after chewing on a toffee and losing a filling. The post was being shared and commented on. The practice manager saw it and asked the DDU for advice on whether to respond. She explained the practice had been short staffed over the holiday period because of staff sickness.
The DDU adviser explained that while it's never nice to receive negative feedback an ill thought out response could make the situation worse. Following the discussion, the practice manager decided to respond to the comment online, apologising for any inconvenience and asking the person to get in touch with them if they still wished to make an appointment.
The practice was careful not to respond in detail to any of the allegations because of their duty of confidentiality. The social media comments dwindled. The patient called later that day and although upset, the practice was able to resolve the patient's concerns and offer an emergency appointment.
The DDU advised the practice to check their arrangements for holiday periods to ensure patients still knew how to access treatment in an emergency.
This article first appeared in the December 2021 edition of The Probe.
This page was correct at publication on 16/12/2021. Any guidance is intended as general guidance for members only. If you are a member and need specific advice relating to your own circumstances, please contact one of our advisers. | <urn:uuid:1bab1b23-1500-4f02-bf27-a031dd34e888> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theddu.com/guidance-and-advice/latest-updates-and-advice/tis-the-season-to-be-jolly-careful | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976163 | 815 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Get ready Western North America, climate change is well upon us and the trends so far spell D-R-Y, as in very dry.
Researchers Overpeck and Udall*, writing in a recent ‘perspectives’ report in Science Magazine (Climate Change: Dry Times Ahead, 25 June, 2010), cite a litany of troubling trends to support their prediction: “soaring temperatures, declining late-season snow pack, northward-shifted winter storm tracks, increasing precipitation intensity (note: not total rainfall), the worst drought since measurements began, steep declines in Colorado River reservoir storage, widespread vegetation mortality, and sharp increases in the frequency of large wildfires.”
The effects of global warming and climate change on Western North America are mounting and bode for a much dryer climate in the coming decades.
Wildfires are distinguished from other types of fires (such as brush, peat, and veld fires) by their cause, size, rate of propagation, ability to shift direction rapidly and jump barriers like roads and rivers. Although wild fires create soil conditions that are vital to the growth of some forms of vegetation (through what’s known as ecological succession) , they can also cause extensive ecological damage, in addition to being destructive to human life and property.
Another common by-product of warming/drying trends is an increase in certain pests and tree/plant pathogens (such as fungi and viruses). Indeed, the ‘mountain pine’ beetle (a member of the Dendroctonus–“tree killer”– genus) has been rapidly spreading through, and decimating, western pine forests–from New Mexico to British Columbia–since 2006. Millions of acres in Montana and Wyoming have already fallen prey and turned rust red (due to a complete loss of chlorophyll).
Pine trees can defend themselves from an infestations by secreting more white resin to seal off the beetles’ egg burrows. But the beetles also carry a blue-stain fungus that secrets a protein able to block the resin flow–as well as the food flow to the tree. Trees that succumb to this attack die from starvation. Though population blooms of the insect are normal following hot summers, it is believed that climate change trends, in the form of hotter temperatures and less rain help provide the ideal conditions for these and other parasitic insects to expand their populations and ranges
The researchers, Overpeck/Udall, also note that these climate change-related developments are occurring over a region that also saw the greatest population growth.
Such population growth is already putting water usage pressure on the Colorado River, with water “deliveries” (to various regions and cities) increasing annually. The Colorado River (and reservoir) currently supplies 27 million users in 7 states and 2 countries and irrigates over 3 million acres of farmland. And, according to a 2008/9 assessment paper (Barnett and Pierce, PNAS, March 2009), “Global climate models almost unanimously project that human-induced climate change will reduce runoff in this region by 10–30%.”
These latter researchers also conclude that “With either climate-change or long-term mean flows, currently scheduled future water deliveries from the Colorado River are not sustainable.” However, they also assert that the ability of the river system to mitigate the effects from drought “can be maintained if the various users of the river find a way to reduce average deliveries.”
Clearly, with increasing population growth in this region, and the fact that such water delivery orders (measured in billions of cubic meters per year) are based upon annual population usage multiplied by expected growth, managing and achieving a sustainable level of water usage (of the Colorado River system) in this region will be a considerable challenge. Forecast
*Main Cited Researcher affiliations: Jonathan Overpeck – Climate Assessment of the Southwest, Univ. of Arizona; Bradley Udall – Western Water Assessment, Univ. of Colorado
top photo: Wildfire in California, Sept. 5, 2008. BLM
Beetle image: USDA | <urn:uuid:e32adee0-e764-47c2-be23-76cbc29d754c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://planetsave.com/2010/07/05/dry-times-for-western-north-america-climate-trends-forecast/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93419 | 845 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Italy has been labelled the epicentre of the COVID-19 crisis in Europe, with 17,660 cases and 1,266 deaths as of Saturday morning (Australian time). Five days earlier, the government locked down the entire country in an attempt to control the spread of the pandemic.
In Milan, the heart of the Lombardy region where the outbreak hit hardest, reports have described hospitals overflowing, forced to set up temporary structures and checkpoints to deal with the influx of patients. Shops and businesses are closed, except pharmacies and stores selling essential supplies.
People have been ordered to stay inside – no visits to friends or family – and the Red Cross is delivering medical supplies door-to-door. Travel within Italy is only permitted for work, family emergencies and health reasons, and anyone leaving the house, even to buy groceries, must carry ID and a self-certified document explaining why they are outside.
The Italian rail police have checkpoints to inspect travellers' documents at stations, and those without correct papers are fined.
Going to a Lombardy hospital when you don't have coronavirus
Eugenia Durante suffers from a rare chronic disease and has to travel from her home in Bologna to Milan for treatment once a month. The 28-year-old translator is part of a clinical trial at Milan's Niguarda Hospital, where her immunologist works, and is unable to get her medication anywhere else.
On the way to her appointment on Thursday, she was one of very few Italians out and about. The usually bustling centre of Bologna was quiet, bars and shops shuttered and almost everyone she saw wore a mask. When she arrived at Milan station, she was met by army personnel in uniform, thick gloves and surgical masks.
"I went by train and my self-certification was checked and photographed four times, both in Bologna and Milan," she told 9News.
"The stations were surreal – it looked like a disaster movie."
Niguarda, like all hospitals in Lombardy, is now focused on treating coronavirus patients. All non-urgent surgeries, tests and appointments have been cancelled, and most of the shops and cafes in the large complex are closed. Virus patients are kept isolated and not allowed visitors.
Ms Durante's paperwork was rushed through at one of just two reception desks that remained open. She and several other women receiving the same treatment chatted through their masks.
"It was almost deserted," she said.
Despite the crisis, her doctors were cheerful and friendly, and made a concerted effort not to pass on any anxiety. "But it's obvious there's an emergency."
More than the virus itself, many Italians' biggest fear is that their prized national health system – free for all and regarded by Italians as "one of the best" – will collapse under the pressure of mounting cases. Demand for intensive care is predicted to outstrip limited resources soon. (China donated several tons of ventilators and other medical equipment on Friday.)
And as Ms Durante points out, Italy's outbreak has so far been limited to northern regions, which have the country's best hospitals and equipment.
"If it was to go down to the south, it would be very alarming," she said.
Housebound in the eye of the storm
Olivia Dewey, a 27-year-old Australian translator has lived in the city for 10 years, but never seen it like this.
"It's eerie," she told 9News. "There's no one anywhere – except queuing outside the supermarkets."
(Ms Dewey is the sister of this article's author.)
Only one member of each family is allowed to visit the supermarket. Ms Dewey, who is pregnant, is unable to shop as she isn't permitted to take her one-year-old son. Her husband, 36-year-old Giovanni Navarra, goes instead.
On Thursday evening, their 84-year-old neighbour begged him to get her groceries too, even offering him money so she wouldn't need to leave the house.
Everyday chores now pose serious logistical challenges. Since Ms Dewey can't take her son when she goes for her pregnancy check-ups, Mr Navarra needs to take unpaid time off work to watch him. "I might just wait until quarantine is over," she said.
Mr Navarra is one of the only people in Milan still going to work. He operates the city's trains, which have been kept running for those requiring essential transport and wears a mask and gloves whenever he leaves the house.
Two of his colleagues fled Milan to stay with family in Naples as soon as they heard about the lockdown. But at train stations and bus stops around the country, police are checking for anyone entering from the Lombardy region. They were intercepted on entry and are now in a two-week home quarantine with their families.
"People are all very tense," Ms Dewey said. "No one really knows what's going on – and not being able to go outside is really getting to everyone."
Contradictory advice abounds: parents, already under extra pressure with daycares and schools closed, are instructed in widely circulated videos to make sure their children get fresh air but also told not to let them outside.
Social media and group chats are rife with inaccurate news that adds to the general anxiety – such as a report Ms Dewey was sent Wednesday night, that people should hide indoors as helicopters were poised to "decontaminate the city".
Businesses hold their breath
Australian Amy Doherty, 41, lives in Rome, where she owns and runs a tour operations business, Luxe Associates Travel, and works as a guide. Her biggest concern right now is her livelihood.
"Everyone has cancelled, all March, all April, and it's the same for my colleagues," she told 9News.
They're waiting anxiously for the high season: if the country isn't ready to welcome visitors back by June, countless businesses – and an entire economy heavily reliant on tourism – are likely to be crippled.
Freelancers and self-employed workers don't qualify for social welfare in Italy, which makes the current uncertainty especially daunting. "Unless you've got relatives or someone to help you it's a big issue," Ms Doherty said.
She was taking a tour group through the Colosseum when news came through about the lockdown, and they suddenly found themselves alone in the ancient monument.
"A structure of that size in complete silence – it was overwhelming."
Still, she adds, she feels photos of abandoned icons making news headlines are misleading: they're tourist sites, after all, and all the tourists have been told to stay away.
Elsewhere in Rome earlier this week was business as usual – if a little calmer, and perhaps more respectful of personal space.
"We've just got to wait it out," she said.
A nation grapples with emergency measures
As late as Wednesday, several days after the lockdown was announced, parks in Milan were still full of people. Now, everyone across the country is doing their best to stick to the rules and make the best of a bad situation.
"You've got two camps," said Ms Dewey. "One says: 'Why are we shutting everything down just for the flu?' and the other: 'Why are you so irresponsible, condemning us all to a pandemic?'
"People are actually staying indoors down south, which I never thought I'd see… I think they're being more responsible there than in Milan!"
"I think most of us understand that it's for the greater good, but still there are a lot of issues coming out," Ms Durante agreed. "Everyone is very confused and lost."
"The lack of freedom is very destabilising – more than the virus itself. We are a free, developed country, a democracy, so it feels very weird not to be allowed to go out, see your family, visit your friends, go to the cinema, have an espresso at the bar.
"I hate not knowing when this will end, and I really hope that all countries in the world won't make our mistakes." | <urn:uuid:e4ba52b2-2a00-4156-b1d1-91ece0f73f3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.9news.com.au/world/coronavirus-italy-inside-lombardy-hospital-australians-in-milan-rome-bologna-lockdown/c75d955e-bdb7-48d3-9fcb-8924a1f815b1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.984481 | 1,689 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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Soil, water, fertility: ppm or pounds per acre; N-P-K; sulfur deficiency of barley in Stanislaus County; temperature vs. extractable p; progress report on px-1 trials; new project on salt tolerance of ornamentals; benchmark soils; cause of stunted growth on partially sterilized soils found; "vineyard salinity problems"; salt tolerance of sugar cane; salt tolerance of bermuda grass; small fraction of land is tilled; slide set on plant nutrition; airborne or "cyclic" salts; story corner
Branson, Roy L. Gowans, Kenneth D. Fireman Krantz, B. A. Martin, W. E. Quick, James | <urn:uuid:69987700-bf0b-46cc-9bd3-ac4455bbba06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calisphere.org/item/71651dd5-884a-47c9-a2a6-6328adf9818f/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.847766 | 249 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Nelson-Denny Reading Test—Forms I and J (NDRT)
Author: Vivian Vick Fishco, MS
- Reading Comprehension
- Ages: High School; 2-Year and 4 Year College
- Testing Time: 35-56 minutes
- Administration: Individual or Group; Manual or Online Scoring
The Nelson-Denny Reading Test Form I and J is a valid and reliable measure of silent reading vocabulary, comprehension, and rate. It includes two parallel forms (Form I and Form J) that have been equated and can be used interchangeably as pretests and post-tests.
Core Subtests and Composite
- Vocabulary—Students are presented with an opening statement and five answer choices such as "A chef works with A. bricks B. music C. clothes D. food E. statues." Students select the option that best completes the opening statement.
- Comprehension—The Comprehension subtest consists of 7 reading passages and 36 comprehension questions, each with 5 answer choices, drawn from current textbooks in Humanities, Science, and Social Sciences. Students are instructed to read as many passages and answer as many comprehension questions as they can.
- General Reading Ability—This composite is derived by combining index scores from the Vocabulary and Comprehension subtests to achieve a stronger and more reliable index of reading ability.
- Reading Rate—The Reading Rate score is obtained by requesting students to record the number in the margin that corresponds to the last sentence they were reading in Passage 1 of the Comprehension subtest after exactly 1 minute. Students are instructed to read at their normal rate—neither faster nor slower than usual.
- Aids in accurate placement of high school and college students at all reading levels
- Uses all new vocabulary items and comprehension passages drawn from current high school and college texts
- Offers optional extended-time administration to meet the needs of special populations, such as English language learners
- Yields scores as grade and age equivalents, percentile ranks, and index scores (mean of 100, standard deviation of 15)
- Based on all new normative data collected between 2013 and 2018
- Reports all new reliability and validity studies, including new studies of differential item
Functioning and Diagnostic Accuracy
- Provides all new passage dependence evidence indicating 90% of the Comprehension items are passage dependent
- Includes self-scorable answer sheets and complimentary online scoring using a fully HIPPA/FERPA compliant, secure and encrypted cloud-based environment.
Age-based normative data (N = 4,010) are provided for students ages 14 years 0 months (14-0) through 24 years 11 months (24-11) enrolled in high school, two-year, or four-year university programs. Grade-based normative data (N = 3,487) are provided for students of any age who are enrolled in high school, two-year, or four-year university programs. The normative samples were stratified to match 2017 U.S. population estimates. For both forms, average internal consistency (content sampling) reliability coefficients range from .85 to .95 (very large to nearly perfect). Average alternate form reliability ranges from .88 to .94 (very large to nearly perfect). Average test-retest reliability ranges from .89 to .98 (very large to nearly perfect). Correlations with well-known reading measures range from .47 to .84 (moderate to very large). Diagnostic accuracy studies indicate the NDRT is able to accurately identify students with reading difficulties (i.e., sensitivity = .73, specificity = .80, ROC/AUC = .88) with few false positives.
Online Administration Scoring and Report System for 50 users is provided as part of the complete kit.
The test forms include a one-of a-kind activation code that is required for scoring.
It is very important that the activation code included with the forms is not lost or thrown away as it will not be replaced or refunded. | <urn:uuid:85156741-cdaf-44a6-b5e7-5cfed99a2531> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.academictherapy.com/detailATP.tpl?action=search&cart=16560585647734345&eqskudatarq=DDD-2716&eqTitledatarq=Nelson-Denny%20Reading%20Test%E2%80%94Forms%20I%20and%20J%20%28NDRT%29&eqvendordatarq=ATP&bobby=%5Bbobby%5D&bob=%5Bbob%5D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930839 | 848 | 3.171875 | 3 |
What could make a charity calendar of ripped semi-naked firefighters any better? Well, that all depends on your taste in calendars. But one thing’s for sure: everything is made better with puppies, and this calendar is no exception.
The Firefighters Calendar is something of a tradition in Australia. It started in 1993 and all the proceeds go to the Children’s Hospital Foundation and the Westmead Children’s Hospital’s burns unit. The calendar has raised over $1 million to date, and this year they hope to raise even more money by posing with adorable rescue puppies on loan from Safe Haven Animal Rescue. All the animals are up for adoption and the proceeds will be split with the RSPCA, so if you’re wondering what to buy grandma this Christmas then wonder no more. It’s sure to keep her warm this winter. You can buy them here. | <urn:uuid:54dbcb43-0a81-4ee6-a358-a0817d575ce2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.studypk.com/articles/firefighters-posing-rescue-puppies-charity-will-set-world-fire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940895 | 186 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The advertising world spends a lot of money trying to make you feel something. They want to make you laugh, cry, feel hungry, even. Anything to sell their products and build brand loyalty. However, tracking whether or not their commercials are working is hard to do. A company called Affectiva says it can help by using video footage to collect emotional data.
Co-founder and Chief Science Officer Rana El Kaliouby says, “Emotions influence every aspect of our life; how we connect and communicate with each other and also how we make decisions. We feel that our emotions are missing from the digital world and our digital experiences.”
Affectiva is trying to change that.
Its flagship program, Affdex, asks viewers to consent to be monitored, and then users’ facial expressions are captured while they watch advertisements. Affectiva has collected 2.7 million videos in 75 different countries. That data is aggregated to analyze how emotionally engaged users are with a service or ad. The program is able to detect smiles, confusion, brow furrow, even how wrinkles may move around an eye. Affdex is now able to understand smiles better than most people can.
The program is being used primarily for advertising companies, but they are also working on real-time video communication with multiple people in a conversation. It may be used to track engagement in online courses, webinars, business meetings, even job interview videos.
Kaliouby recognizes that there are some applications that blur the line, but Affectiva has stayed away from anything without a clear opt-in. “We’re more focused on the ones where we feel we can bridge a communication gap,” says Kaliouby.
Kaliouby’s background is in computer science. She says, “I spent many, many hours with my computer and it really bugged me that it was very oblivious to my emotional state. And that kind of inspired and motivated me to build an emotionally intelligent computer.”
Watch Kai test out Affdex below:
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You rely on Marketplace to break down the world’s events and tell you how it affects you in a fact-based, approachable way. We rely on your financial support to keep making that possible.
Your donation today powers the independent journalism that you rely on. For just $5/month, you can help sustain Marketplace so we can keep reporting on the things that matter to you. | <urn:uuid:32f0454a-b3d0-468e-a80a-125c1b84eee0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marketplace.org/2015/04/16/smile-were-analyzing-how-youre-feeling-using-videos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957305 | 528 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The Importance of Being Honest When Disclosing Material Defects of a Property
Let’s say you have found a buyer for a house you’re selling. You’ve probably gone through the long process of listing the house, holding public viewing events, finding a buyer, and making arrangements for moving your personal property. Additionally, you may feel a little anxious about preparing documents, like the Real Estate Condition Report, because your efforts are finally coming to fruition. Perhaps it seems like those documents are just formalities, and you want to complete the sale quickly. While all of those emotions are valid leading up to the sale of a house or other property, it is important to take those final preparations seriously. Continue reading to understand the importance of being honest when disclosing the material defects of a property.
First, let’s establish what a “defect” is in the context of a house or other piece of real property. The Wisconsin State Legislature defines defect as, “a condition that would have a significant adverse effect on the value of the property; that would significantly impair the health or safety of future occupants of the property; or that if not repaired, removed, or replaced would significantly shorten or adversely affect the expected normal life of the premises.” Wis. Stat. 709.03. This means that if the house you’re selling has a known problem or safety hazard, you are obligated to inform the buyer. Perhaps you know that in the basement of the house you’re selling, water accumulates when it rains. You are obligated to disclose that fact to a buyer because chronic flooding may cause property damage and present adverse health risks over time. If you do not disclose such a defect to the buyer, or you actively take measures to conceal the problem from the buyer, you will open the door to litigation and may be held liable. Reporting defects can become even more complicated when you have not personally occupied the property in some time.
Each house has its own quirks, so it may be difficult for a seller to know what must be disclosed. The Wisconsin State Legislature provides lists of examples for different kinds of potential defects. These lists range from structural and mechanical issues to septic systems and wells. However, it is very important to note that the lists provided by the State Legislature and other lists of examples you may find are only examples. Even if a particular issue is not on one of these lists, it may still be considered a defect. Because these lists are only examples, you may feel like you need guidance on whether a particular issue on your property must be disclosed. Real estate brokers are prohibited by law from giving advice about whether to disclose something that may be a defect. If you do have questions about whether a feature of your property is a defect, an attorney can provide that advice.
Now that you know how important it is to be honest when reporting the defects of a property, you may have questions relating to an upcoming sale or purchase of a house. Contact an attorney at Kelly & Brand, Attorneys at Law, LLC who can provide sound guidance on the buying and selling process of a home.
Wisconsin Statute 709.03 and Lists of Example Defects from the Wisconsin State Legislature: https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/709/03 | <urn:uuid:4c9c8589-825b-424d-877c-931dbc95a7cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kellybrandlaw.com/blog/detail/id/276/The-Importance-of-Being-Honest-When-Disclosing-Material-Defects-of-a-Property | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948532 | 686 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Origin: Sage originated in the Mediterranean region. Sage has numerous names like Garden sage, Golden sage, Kitchen sage, True sage, Culinary sage, Broadleaf sage, etc. This plant grows up to a foot and usually blooms around August.
This herb is used in fresh, dried and powdered form throughout the year. Sage has been in use since centuries now and is known for its miraculous properties. This woody herb has more than 900 species in the world. It belongs to the Plantae kingdom and the genus is Salvia. It derives its scientific name from the Latin word “salvere” which means “to be saved.” This herb is also referred to as the savior herb.
French was known for producing sage and using it for tea. In 812 AD, Germans specially planted sage in their farms. Romans also included this herb in the official Roman Pharmacopeia. Other parts of Europe, harvested this crop or essential oil. Sage essential oil contains some acids and flavonoids which have impressive healing qualities. In India, it is also called Kamarkas
Scientifically: Sage is an old herb and belongs to the family of mint. Sage is a great medicinal and culinary herb. Scientifically and botanically, it is called Salvia officinalis. It is also known as Common sage.
This is a perennial, evergreen plant. The sage plant has green-gray leaves with purple-blue flowers. Sage herb has a unique taste and aroma, adds a beautiful flavor to the dishes.
This herb has unbelievable and numerous health benefits. Sage is packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. In 1653, one of the famous writers, Culpeper mentioned benefits of the sage in his book called Complete Herbal. Sage helps in maintaining oral hygiene, relieves hot flashes, eases menstrual discomfort, reduces the blood sugar levels, helps in boosting the cognitive skills thus keep Alzheimer’s at bay.
Usage: Sage is used for digestive problems, including loss of appetite, gas (flatulence), stomach pain (gastritis), diarrhea, bloating, and heartburn. It is also used for reducing overproduction of perspiration and saliva.
Sage tea works excellent for fighting depression. It contains antioxidants which help in relieving stress. This not only serves the medicinal benefits but also works wonder on the skin and hair.
Sage works great in reversing the signs of aging and helps to treat the inflammations on the skin. It regulates the sebum production on the skin. It also helps in getting rid of cellulite. Sage, also make our hair grow thicker and stronger.
Below are some DIYs to deal with skin issues:
- Sage helps in dealing with acne. Take a few leaves of sage and grind them into a paste. Apply this paste on the face and let it sit for 10-15 minutes. Rinse later.
- Take a teaspoon of dried sage and boil it with 500ml of water. Let it steep for 30 minutes and then strain. Apply this concoction on the face after cooling with the help of a cotton ball. You can also apply this concoction on eczema or psoriasis affected areas.
- Take a teaspoon of sage essential oil mix it with a teaspoon of olive oil and mix well. Apply this oil concoction to the scalp and massage. Rinse after 45 minutes. This makes the hair stronger and thicker.
- Take equal parts of sage oil, rosemary oil, and peppermint oil. Mix them with a tablespoon of organic coconut oil. Apply this on the scalp and shampoo the hair after 45 minutes. This oil concoction prevents hair fall.
- Take a tablespoon of dried sage and boil it with 1 liter of water. Let it steep for 30 minutes and then strain. Use this concoction as a hair rinse after the shampoo. This adds shine and luster to the locks.
- Take a few drops of sage oil and massage on the face. This helps in stimulating skin collagen, thus reversing signs of aging. | <urn:uuid:74d66d57-13fa-4b2d-98c0-092f90b4aae3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://craffipersonalcare.com/Product-Detail.aspx?Pcode=PD-12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941698 | 827 | 2.875 | 3 |
As the lottery sector news informs, the UK activists and some Members of Parliament (MPs) have called upon the National Lottery to donate more money to good causes.
The campaigners claim that the contributions from Camelot have been decreasing since 2010. Since its launch in 1994, the National Lottery has sent £43 billion to charities and other good causes. While in 2010, these contributions amounted to 28% of Camelot’s gambling profits, the most recent donation was less than 23% of the total revenue. Such a drop in the good cause donations has caused concerns about gambling harm and heavy criticism for the gambling operator.
Camelot UK, however, states that the amount contributed to the charities has nonetheless increased. Over the last eleven years, the operator’s annual revenues have increased from £5.5 billion to £8.4 billion.
Sir Ian Duncan Smith, vice chairman of the Parliament’s group on gambling harm, has proposed to set a fixed rate on the UK Lottery’s contribution to good causes. Smith believes that otherwise, the National Lottery will be the same as any other gambling establishment.
Campaigners criticize National Lottery for instant win games
The UK National Lottery operator was also criticized for its mobile instant win games and scratch cards, which are sold in retail venues. In 2021, 44% of Camelot’s revenue was collected from scratch cards and online instant win games. At the same time, UK Lottery sends 31% of the profits from the lottery draws to good causes, while 12% of income instant lottery games and 9% of the scratch cards revenue is transferred to charities.
The activists state that while the jackpots in these games remain high, the amounts donated to the good causes continue to get smaller. There are also concerns that the National Lottery boosts the rates of problem gambling in the UK.
Find out more news about the British gambling industry on the Login Casino website.
Read more: How to start a lottery online? Tips and tricks
Read more: The UK National Lottery – player’s guide | <urn:uuid:fcd4f022-ce78-4c65-a5e2-ef8a5d374438> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://woopress.pro/gambling-news/uk-national-lottery-is-urged-to-increase-good-causes-donations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952485 | 428 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Pavee Point welcomes today’s announcement of ‘Funding the Future” – the Department’s new policy on funding Higher Education and Reducing the Cost of Education – launched by the Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science, Simon Harris, TD.
“We welcome the Minister’s commitment to change and review higher education access. Traveller education disadvantage has been reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic, with only 39 Travellers recorded as first time entrants to higher education institutions in 2020,” said Tracey Reilly, Community Worker with Pavee Point’s Education Programme.
Legacy Issues for Travellers Need to Be Addressed
Travellers’ lack of access to, lack of participation in and poor outcomes from Higher Education remain key legacy issues, which need to be addressed by all involved in higher education. However, ‘access to higher education is only one part of the issue’, said Ms. Reilly.
“Going into third level education, many Travellers fear being isolated and discriminated against due to their experiences in primary or post primary education. This impacts your sense of belonging in college life. My own experience in education was positive, but that was largely due to the supports put in place by the college.”
COVID-19 and blended learning methods created further barriers that made it more difficult for Travellers to participate in higher education. Literacy issues, lack of access to technology, broadband, overcrowded accommodation conditions, homelessness and in some cases lack of access to electricity create huge difficulties for many Travellers to engage in their education.
“I was fortunate to gain employment after graduating’ said Tracey Reilly. ‘However, many others in my community did not – discrimination in employment against my community is shocking. Those who secure employment opportunities often have to hide that they are a Traveller.”
“Adult members of my community need targeted supports and resources to get the education previously denied and reach their education potential,” said Ms. Reilly. “The use of Dormant Account funds in 2021 and 2022 to support Travellers in participating in higher education has been welcomed and much needed. We need such funding and supports to continue and to be mainstreamed in order to turn around the legacy of low participation of Travellers in higher education.”
Direct Measures Needed for Travellers in Education
“We note the review of the SUSI Grant Scheme and intention to review part-time student supports. To avoid marginalisation and speed up parity, SUSI grants need to be made available to all Travellers getting places in Higher Education Institutions for an immediate period of at least five years along with other additional supports,” said Anastasia Crickley, Chairperson of Pavee Point Traveller & Roma Centre and former Head of Department of Applied Social Studies, National University of Ireland Maynooth.
“Part-time routes are often most suitable for Travellers, Roma and other minority ethnic groups working to fund their education. The Minister needs to go beyond review of current practice to ensure SUSI grants can be fully available for part-time students”, said Ms. Crickley.
Pavee Point calls on the Minister to take additional direct measures in support of adult Travellers in higher education, and to work with all relevant Ministers and departments for the rapid development and implementation of the National Traveller Education Strategy, a promise in the Programme for Government.
For more info on Funding the Future see – https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/11787-landmark-policy-funding-higher-education-reducing-cost-for-families/ | <urn:uuid:96abdcf0-c88b-4e6b-ac1c-1737d402dea1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paveepoint.ie/funding-higher-education-our-response/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956129 | 808 | 1.53125 | 2 |
A perfect indoor climate in a padel arena
An indoor padel arena in the south of Sweden
Gessie Padelcenter in Vellinge might be the most southern indoor padel arena in Sweden. It opened in april 2021, and offered 7 padel courts at that time. Padel is a growing sport in Sweden and within only a couple of years from the opening, the centre will extend its offer with another 2 indoor courts and 4 outdoors.
The entrepreneur behind Gessie Padelcenter, Mattias Nilsson, decided to turn, at first one but then later two, large storage facilities into modern padel arenas. The second building hosts additional business facilities for rent. A decision was made early in the project, Mattias wanted to provide the properties with the best indoor climate possible. This to differentiate the padel arena and to future proof the facilities for other purposes hereafter.
A large building with its own complexities
The Gessie padel arena has a moderate level of complexity as it offers padel courts only. An arena with many purposes alongside the padel game, e.g cafés, shops, offices and changing rooms has to be divided into different climate zones in order to design solutions for the varying needs of each zone. That is necessary as there are a number of parameters that together affect the indoor climate – if a building is seen as one environment, significant discomfort can arise in parts of the premises.
However, a space used for padel, weather it is padel only or not, has some specific complexities. The large glass surfaces that define the playing area for instance. It is vital to ensure that air reaches all the way down from the typically high ceilings into the “glass box”, to the occupied zone of the court. It is also essential to make sure that the glass does not mist up, a particular challenge when the indoor temperature is adjusted through the fresh air.
More tips and details in our padel brochure
Air quality affects athletes’ performance
Physical exercise is a part of a healthy lifestyle, but the indoor environments hosting training and games are not always up to the task. There is a complexity in designing energy efficient sports facilities with proper indoor environments. There is also lack of awareness of the challenges posed by indoor pollutants as well as their impact on athletes and spectators. However, awareness about these issues is growing within the scientific research community and among the athletes themselves.
Even though research is in its early stages it states that poor air quality affects athletes’ performance. Sometimes to the extent that they refuse to compete in certain locations. With that in mind, it doesn’t come as a surprise that good ventilation is recommended for sports facilities.
Learn more in our sports facilities guide
One unit for heating, cooling and air quality
In the close cooperation between Mattias Nilsson, owner of Gessie Padelcenter, and the ventilation consultant, Gojitech, Swegon was recommended as a partner for providing the required "perfect indoor climate".
Swegon was proposed, and later chosen, for our knowledge and experience of heating and cooling large indoor facilities, as well as for ensuring good air quality in the premises. Mattias says that he personally didn’t have much contact with Swegon but understood from the smooth process that everything worked out well and according to plan.
There are a number of different indoor climate solutions suitable for padel arenas. In this specific project we provided a GOLD RX/HC air handling unit. It is an energy efficient unit thanks to its high-performance energy recovery and its built in reversible heat pump. The result is fresh air, heating and cooling provided in an energy efficient and space optimised way.
See our products at the bottom of the pageMore tips and details in our padel brochure
Customers express that they can sense a difference in the indoor climate and they seem a bit impressedMattias Nilsson, owner of Gessie Padelcenter in Vellinge, Sweden
Sorption treated rotor for cooling and humidity recovery
All our GOLD RX/HC air handling units are equipped with sorption treated rotary heat exchangers. The sorption coating improves energy recovery through its ability to absorb moisture from the air when the humidity is high and to release it when the humidity is low.
The sorption rotor can also recover both sensible and latent cooling, which has a positive impact on the cooling power demand as well as the cooling energy consumption. All in all, a sorption type rotor has a number of advantages in terms of energy savings, while enabling a higher level of comfort inside.
Learn more in our blog about sorption technology
Why the perfect indoor climate?
A little more than a year after the opening, the founder Mattias Nilsson, proudly describes how the padel centre holds a constant temperature of 19 degrees Celcius and how players are impressed with the dust free indoor environment. Mattias describes how customers express that they can sense a difference in the indoor climate compared to other sports facilities and that they seem a bit impressed with the air quality. Further, Mattias is confident that he has made the right decision when aiming for the perfect indoor climate.
Several studies show that poor air quality has a negative effect on both performance and strategic decision making among athletes. A surge in the concentration of particles in the air can increase the risk of making a false decision by more than 26%. It is perhaps not surprising that sports facilities prioritise a good indoor climate.
Further sports facilities among our references | <urn:uuid:0f263661-6f18-47d8-997c-ece2b875747a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swegon.com/references/other-properties/gessie-padelcenter-vellinge-sweden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951307 | 1,123 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog – Discovering What Works
The word tightens and relaxes doesn't seem to go together frequently sufficient – that's why when it concerns your hips it can be such a vicious cycle. Tight hip flexors is a buzz term in many gyms around America. Individuals in sporting activities circles are continuously extending their hip flexors; runners are criticizing their great stride on those muscles, and also your clients are possibly grumbling about their limited aware of you. Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
It's time to face up to the issue and also state enough is enough. You can stretch your hips out all day and also never ever obtain the benefits. That's since if you intend to improve at points you need to keep them tight. Here's a checklist of stretches that will aid you do simply that.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
One of the most effective methods to work your hips is to depend on the spheres of your feet as well as expand your legs directly. Make certain you're holding a dumbbell in your hands as well as raise your arms from your sides. Next off, flex your knees as well as return to the standing position. Repeat this stretch as lot of times as you can.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
This stretch targets the glutes. Stand with one leg at your side and maintain your other leg directly. Currently, lean slightly back up until you're practically touching your opposite hip and repeat on the other side. This will target your hip flexors.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
This is additionally excellent for the hips. Base on the side of a hard floor surface, like a step or a tiny set of staircases, then prolong your legs out as for they will go. After that, lean back versus the edge of the step or the stairs, taking a small dive at the knees to bring on your own approximately a resting position. Repeat this stretch as sometimes as you can.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
These stretches can be done prior to as well as after you obtain harmed. They will help you prevent tightness in the hips. So if you are experiencing hip pain, don't neglect the trouble. Try these stretches to relieve a few of your discomfort. You might be pleasantly amazed by how much extending as well as heat up and other exercises can soothe your signs as well as make you feel better.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
You can additionally ask your doctor or pharmacologist to find out more about this topic. They will certainly be able to offer you with more comprehensive information regarding this condition and also about hip cracks and also rheumatoid joint inflammation. You can also locate a lot more info regarding this condition online. I've seen lists of sources that have info on this topic that you can access. Go on the internet as well as locate the info you need and then share it with others that are worried regarding this important topic.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
As constantly, make certain to get regular check ups from a qualified chiropractor. This is the very best means to keep your hips healthy. A chiropractic specialist will certainly be able to determine any kind of troubles in your pose or your hip flexor muscles. She or he can after that deal with you to reinforce those muscular tissues as well as to bring back the appropriate posture.Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
Some individuals experience signs and symptoms similar to those defined above. This might consist of an ache or discomfort in the butt, hips, groin, or knee. Other individuals might experience tingling or a tingling experience down their legs or in their arms or fingers. Occasionally people really feel pain, heaviness as well as even a weakness in their legs. This can be triggered by trochanteric bursitis, which is swelling of the sac containing the trochanterin, a small fluid-filled bag that is secreted by the nerve that is part of the hip joint.
Whats The Best Pain Relief For Hip Dysplasia Dog
There are several stretches that will assist ease this trouble. One of the most common go for the hips is the pet cat stretch. It is called this because it goes from the hip to the round of the foot. One more stretch includes lying on your back with your knees up and also a clenched fist relaxing under the buttocks. With your feet hip length apart, delicately pull your bent knees towards the upper body and draw your toes upwards towards the head. You need to really feel a stretch in the hamstring muscular tissues that run up the hip shaft and down the rear of the legs.
An additional stretch involves pushing your back with your butts extended. While your legs are straight, pull the within of your knees toward your breast. You will feel the stretch in the hamstring muscle mass that add and down the back of your legs. Repeat on the other side. If you can not reach over and touch your toes, you can make use of a little block to sustain them. If you can not pull your butt to the ground, you might want to have somebody carefully use stress or pause.
One last stretch involves reclining figure 4 stretch. This stretch is simpler than the feline stretch. To carry out the reclined number 4 stretch, initial draw your knees right to the floor with the rounds of your feet. Next, flex your knees so your feet are hing on the flooring. Currently, cross your legs over each other and also area one foot in the front of the various other with the heel touching the flooring. | <urn:uuid:b1b674e8-1e85-4e1f-8603-53dd285ed3e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agenpertaminidigital.com/whats-the-best-pain-relief-for-hip-dysplasia-dog-learning-what-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953857 | 1,191 | 1.5 | 2 |
Work and learning are now mostly done at home. Many of us realized how much more our homes can be improved. We also hear the term “fluffing” a lot these days aside from the recent buzzword—“languishing.”
What do these buzzwords mean? Fluffing means improving a space by rearranging pieces of furniture, decluttering or adding elements without construction. Languishing was defined on a New York Times article by Adam Grant as, “the absence of well-being. You don’t have symptoms of mental illness, but you’re not the picture of mental health either.”
As disruption continues in our work and life outside of it, we have no other choice but to adapt. One of the best ways to adapt is to hack our way to achieving a healthier space.
To achieve this, it should be ergonomic. Ergonomics is the relationship of the user to the elements present in that space. If the user is comfortable then it is expected that productivity will also increase. If this kind of efficiency is achieved then that space is considered ergonomic. Ergonomic furniture can be expensive, so here are some helpful hacks to improve your WFH (work from home) and LFH (learn from home) setup:
If we need to add tables and chairs, make sure to measure first the space before ordering furniture or even equipment. It’s such a hassle to spend on something that won’t fit. Ergonomics is all about correct measurements, perfect fit and right scaling.
Add a lower-level table to your existing computer table. This is for your keyboard and mouse. It is ideal to type when your arms are at a 90-degree angle.
If you already have an existing chair and you wish to make it a bit ergonomic, you may use a medical back stretcher as your backrest. It will force you to sit up straight which will lessen lower back pain.
Your feet should be flat on the floor while working or it should have a resting place underneath the table.
Make sure to have space to stretch or walk around to prevent musculoskeletal issues. You know what they say, slouching is the new smoking!
Make sure the space is clutter-free, has good ventilation and has sufficient lighting. According to American Optometric Association, fluorescent tube lighting should be avoided due to the UV rays it emits that are harmful to the eyes. (Source: horizonlaservision.com).
In this era of WFH and LFH, our eyes have become the most used organ during work and even outside of it. Case in point: social media, Netflix, etc. Here are some valuable tips from ophthalmologist, Dr. Moby Martires:
Computers and gadgets should be 18 to 24 inches away and placed at eye level to also avoid neck and shoulder strain.
Practice the 20-20-20 Rule: every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Adjust brightness and contrast of screen to a comfortable level.
Anti-glare or anti-blue light eyeglasses do not guarantee 100 percent protection from eye strain due to over exposure to computers and gadgets. The only way to prevent this is to lessen screen time.
Utilize natural light as much as possible for work as it is still the best lighting there is.
Avoid having a fan directed to your face and eyes while working to avoid dry and itchy eyes. Apply eye drops every three to four hours while working.
For more eye care tips, visit the Philippine Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus’ Facebook page.
Banner photo: Minimalist computer table best for small spaces; four-tiered DIY high-quality Korean plastic. Instagram: @everyc_ph | <urn:uuid:0eabd8b9-98d2-4264-b674-c7004ac125e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://propertyreport.ph/residential/2021/05/07/19753/healthy-space-hacks-to-cure-the-pandemic-blues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934856 | 796 | 2.703125 | 3 |
There is much confusion between two conditions—endometriosis and adenomyosis—and this is because they are similar in how they develop. The innermost lining of your uterus (womb), that lining that discards itself and then renews itself with each monthly cycle in preparation for pregnancy, is the origin of gland-like cells that can cause problems when they exist anywhere but in this innermost lining.
Called the “endometrium,” this lining is designed to fall away as the debris you normally see as your “period,” made up of bloody, deteriorated glandular elements. When they are present anywhere else, they are technically “invaders,” and they don’t play well with other tissue; this is because there is no escape like there is normally through the vagina onto a tampon or pad. These glandular tissues are hormonally responsive, and when the menstrual cycle continues, such persistent “outposts” are sites of severe inflammation that cause pain and abnormal function in these unusual locations.
What a Difference a Word Makes!
- Endometriosis, translated, means “a condition of endometrium-like tissue outside of your uterus”; whereas
- adenomyosis means this endometrial tissue does not limit itself to the innermost lining of your uterus, but invades into the thick, permanent muscular part of the wall (the next—middle—layer).
As such, endometriosis is endometrium-like tissue in places outside your uterus, while adenomyosis is actual endometrial tissue invading deeper into your womb (doesn’t limit itself to the lining that falls away each period).
While it is tempting to think of adenomyosis as endometriosis of your uterus—and some websites say this—this really highlights a basic misunderstanding between the two. Below are reasons why this notion is too simplistic at best and just plain wrong at worst.
Endometriosis: Glandular Invasion Outside of Your Uterus
Exactly how endometriosis travels and attaches to tissues/organs outside of your uterus has been the subject of much debate.
- Retrograde Menstruation: the most logical explanation is the one provided by the “retrograde menstruation” theory. Normally the endometrium loosens and falls away into the inside of your uterus when the normally fluctuating and cycling hormones of your cycle are at their lowest. And again, normally, its exit is naturally through your cervix, then vagina, and then to the outside world for discarding as part of typical menstrual hygeine.
But there is also a direct route into the opposite direction—through your tubes that empty into your pelvis, which allows this bloody and glandular debris to drip onto your tubes, ovaries, bladder, rectum, and even intestines. Not being discarded is the problem, where this tissue persists to cause inflammation and provoke a serious immunological reaction that results in pain and infertility.
- Vascular/Lymphatic Spread: another theory suggests that glandular cells from the endometrium can get caught up in the blood or lymphatic vessels and be carried to sites away your uterus. This would explain how endometriosis can be found in some women in the nose (monthly nosebleeds), the lungs (monthly coughing up blood), or even the brain (monthly ministrokes).
- Congenital: a third explanation is that reproductive tissue that normally migrates to the pelvis during development of the embryo may leave a trail of such tissue along this “migration” route, resulting in nests of endometrial-like tissue throughout the body that persist after birth and into adulthood.
Adenomyosis: Glandular Invasion into Your Uterus
Adenomyosis is when endometrial tissue (not endometrial-like, but actual endometrial glandular cells) invade the layer that overlies that innermost endometrium layer. That overlying layer is the permanent muscular portion of your uterus, and its confinement to your uterus makes it different from endometriosis. But like endometriosis, these glandular tissues—being in the wrong place—are a site of inflammation, immunological reaction, and therefore pain.
What’s Worse? Endometriosis or Adenomyosis?
Both can be painful, but endometriosis is more likely to cause infertility by two mechanisms:
- Causing scarring amid the ovaries and tubes, blocking the descent of an egg for fertilization or the swimming up of sperm to fertilize the egg.
- Provoking an inflammation that makes for bad chemistry, causing dysfunction in ovulation and fertilization itself.
How are the Signs and Symptoms of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Similar and Different?
Similarities: both cause pain, especially during menstruation.
Differences: the menstrual pain of adenomyosis is usually confined to your uterus—in the central pelvis and possibly radiating to your lower back and inguinal areas; however, endometriosis pain causes mild-to-severe discomfort in any areas where the endometriosis is planted. This can mean in the rectum with bowel movements, the bladder with urination or bladder-filling, or on one or both sides if the tube(s) and/or ovaries are involved. (One particular condition, an “endometrioma,” is a cyst in the ovary filled with endometriosius; it is referred to as a “chocolate cyst.”)
Can You Have Both Endometriosis AND Adenomyosis?
Yes, but his is somewhat unusual, as the two conditions are more common in different populations:
- Adenomyosis occurs more frequently in women who have had prior pregnancy or pregnancies, so therefore older than the women who have endometriosis (late twenties to forties).
- Endometriosis, because of its relationship with infertility, occurs in women who typically have had no children yet, and therefore this is a younger population (puberty to twenties).
How are Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Diagnosed?
Unfortunately, both are considered surgical diagnoses.
- An official diagnosis of adenomyosis is made under the microscope of tissue from the uterus that has been removed via hysterectomy.
Because of this very final method of diagnosis, it is seldom diagnosed in a woman who still desires more children (that is, the use of her uterus!). But it can be guessed at with increased suspicion when a woman complains of painful periods, painful intercourse, and—most telling—her doctor’s exam which reveals her uterus to be slightly enlarged and “boggy,” that is, not the firm consistency of the usual healthy uterus.
- To make an official diagnosis of endometriosis, the abnormal tissue has to be seen during an exploration into the pelvis and ideally biopsied so that a microscope diagnosis can make it official. Thankfully, robotic techniques, like those performed by Dr. Bozdogan of NYCEndometriosis, have made such procedures same-day and easy to recover from, while also offering actual removal of the endometriosis during the same surgery used for the diagnosis (which saves a woman additional surgery).
How are Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Treated
Adenomyosis is a problem with the anatomy, so definitive treatment is via hysterectomy. That being said, there is no danger in avoiding this final solution altogether if you are willing to treat the discomfort conservatively with pain medication (usually non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or NSAIDs) or hormonally (to suppress the period altogether). This is especially important if you desire pregnancy. The connection between adenomyosis and infertility is very vague at best, and many women with adenomyosis are able to successfully get pregnant and deliver normally.
Endometriosis may be successfully treated with removal of the sites of its implantation. At the same time, the scarring that has resulted can be freed up to improve the chance for fertility.
Both adenomyosis and endometriosis involve glandular cells that are abnormally present in areas other than the endometrium. Each have similar as well as different symptoms, and each have definitive diagnosis via surgery. Today’s adenomyosis and endometriosis specialists, however, are able to give help toward a normal quality of life and even pregnancy while avoiding surgeries which can deny a woman these things. | <urn:uuid:9f232a3c-accf-4dbb-80de-e15bb8a8a014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drbozmd.com/contents/endometriosis/when-good-glands-go-bad-similarities-and-differences-between-endometriosis-and-adenomyosis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945799 | 1,796 | 3.421875 | 3 |
The Extra 1%
Throughout the 20th century there have been numerous advances in the world of sport. The performance of athletes during this period has been a result of their genetic makeup, their efforts in training and the contribution of science. The contribution of science to sports performance started when coaches, physiologists, nutritionists, biomechanists, analysts, statisticians, and psychologists began applying their knowledge to athletic performance. The application of science and knowledge has led to advances in athletic performance through new training methods including skills coaching, strength and conditioning, nutrition and sports psychology. With athletic competition being a very competitive endeavor, this has led to athletes, coaches and support teams trying to get an extra 1% over their fellow competitors. This has placed a demand on support staff to innovate, adapt and develop their practice in pursuit of performance.
So, what is performance? Portenga, Ayogi & Cohen (2017) define performance as an event where a person, group or team is expected to execute specific knowledge, skills and abilities, which are compared, judged, evaluated or held to some standard. With this definition, we can see that performance requires an athlete to develop specific knowledge, skills and abilities over time which are then put into action. The actions the athlete engages in are evaluated against other performers often in a public setting. To develop and execute the knowledge, skills and abilities in performance situations, athletes usually have coaches and other support staff who can help them to perform. However, I am sure we all know of someone that has the knowledge, skills and abilities to perform in their sport, but they still don’t perform when it matters most.
This is where people often turn to psychology, especially when other areas of performance enhancement have been exhausted. The field of sport psychology is concerned with the application of psychological principles to help athletes perform in the upper range of their capabilities on a consistent basis and more thoroughly enjoy the sport performance process (Portenga et al, 2017). In order to achieve this goal, sports psychology draws on a range of topics from psychology. To help athletes perform under pressure we might draw our knowledge from how an athlete can use mental skills to make good decisions under pressure and cope with the demands in and out of competition. This has been the traditional perception of sports psychology. However, it can be a lot more than helping an athlete with their mental skills. With the increasing focus on athlete mental health, sports psychology can be applied to help facilitate environments that support athlete well-being and performance. Sports psychology can be applied within talent development and the wider social environment in which sport takes place. This social environment includes coaches, parents, and the talent development pathway. Knowledge from the field of sports psychology can help those involved in sport facilitate environments where athletes develop life skills through their experiences in sport.
Sport Psychology in Practice
With the increasing focus on identifying areas for performance improvement, we are seeing an increase in the number of Sport psychologists working with athletes and teams. I am sure you are wondering what a sports psychologist does in practice. The practice of sports psychology, first of all, requires ethical practice. This means never breaching confidentiality, managing client expectations, and not allowing conflicts of interest to undermine the quality-of-service delivery. Second, the sport psychologist should always know what they are doing. A sport psychologist does not just “hit and hope” when a person’s well-being or performance is involved (Keegan, 2016). The sport psychologist goes through several steps such as carrying out an intake, needs analysis, case formulation, choosing an intervention strategy, planning the support, delivery of the intervention, and monitoring progress. This process is based on research evidence and how psychology can be applied in sport. Third, the sport psychologist keeps accurate records of this process. This allows the sport psychology practitioner to engage in reflective practice to constantly evolve and develop their service delivery.
With the increasing demands on athletes, coaches, and teams to find the next area of performance improvement, we can see that sport psychology has a role to play. I often ask people involved in sport “if you knew how to perform under pressure, support performance and well-being, and how to create an environment that will help you learn from experiences, would that help?” The answer is always yes. Sports psychology can help answer those questions not by telling you what to do but giving you the evidence and rationale behind what to do.
Portenga, S. T., Aoyagi, M. W., & Cohen, A. B. (2017). Helping to build a profession: A working
definition of sport and performance psychology, Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 8(1),
- 47-59,DOI: 10.1080/21520704.2016.1227413
Keegan, R. (2016). Being a Sport Psychologist. Palgrave Mcmillan.
David is Programme Director on our MSc in Applied Sport & Exercise Psychology, which you can learn more about here. You can also download our brochure below. | <urn:uuid:6fd55b03-cb34-433f-977f-6fc19fdb509a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.setantacollege.com/the-role-of-sport-psychology-in-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959983 | 1,029 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Those types of instincts often lead to more barking. ... As your dog learns the “quiet” command, you can say “quiet” to make your dog stop barking at strangers. When someone walks buy and she starts barking, yank on the leash and in the most growling, angry, low ( as in deep ) voice yell "Quiet", but you must always yell the same word at her every time you want her to stop. Does your Labrador leap on everyone that walks through your front door? If your training method involved verbally disagreeing, this can actually intensify the barking. Aggression is very serious, especially in larger dog breeds that could potentially do damage with the smallest bite. Hi I have 6 month old yellow laabrador puppy who we got when she was 12 weeks old she was shy with. Our dogs bark often. It is their main way of communicating with us and other animals. Ask a “stranger” again to stand outside the view of your dog. Barking at strangers. Best Practices A lot of us are wondering: “how to stop my dog from barking,” don’t worry, you are not alone! Play Barking Tomal Registered Users. You should correct her when she barks. When the strangers go away due to the barking, dogs have an “aha!” moment in their heads. Barking at Intruders vs Strangers vs Visitors How to train your dog to bark at intruders : Occasionally, we want our dogs to bark, like when there is a threat from an intruder or trespasser. Joined: Oct 5, 2014 ... he will stop though after a few seconds because he knows there's no 'open sesame' of his gate until he's quiet.The time it's a … And a great many of them give up the battle. Some puppies begin barking at strangers as early as twelve weeks, but between one and two years of age is when certain natural defense drives, protective instincts, and territorial instincts show up the most. Puppies bark when they play, to greet you (or another animal), or defend against scary or intimidating interlopers.Consider your puppy’s bark as a doggy alarm: it serves as a warning about anything unusual, interesting, or exciting, like a friend or stranger’s arrival, a sudden sound, or an unexpected sight. You can’t get enough of your Australian Shepherd…well, until they start barking that is. Dogs may bark at strangers and company because they think they are protecting. And a lot of times we love our dogs for their barking. Whenever he sees a person, bike or another dog he starts barking constantly and jumping up and doesn't stop until the person has passed. The good news is: Barking … Let’s make sure you are not one of them! When you show the dog that the stranger is not an enemy, he will most likely calm and stop outrageously barking. It seems to you that your dog woofs at just about anything and everything, from a stranger at the door to the kids running too quickly down the hall. To stop your dog from barking at strangers, let it bark 3-4 times, then stand over it and calmly give it the command, “Quiet.” Go to your dog and gently hold its muzzle closed with your hand and say “Quiet” again, then release its muzzle and step back. Ideally, he will remember what he should do and stop barking on command. While you know they’re not going to do any harm to people, other people aren’t so sure. Contrary to popular belief, using a training collar or a shock collar on your dog or puppy is 100% safe and will not injure your dog in any way if used as directed. Why Puppies Bark . Does he bounce at strangers when you are outside trying to enjoy a walk? Separation barking tends to be constant with a couple of seconds between each vent. This, of course, happens a lot on the streets. The same is the case with bored, barking which is often performed alongside long howls. If your labrador has barking problems then these training techniques can help. It can be “Quiet,” “Enough” or “No Bark.” The phrase doesn’t really matter as long as you are using it consistently. Once they stop barking to look at you, say your command. Labrador barking in Morning. When the dog is barking at the stranger you should do this again when you are in the house: When the person makes a noise and. Strangers are scary to your dog, or upsetting. Is it possible for a Labrador to protect my kids? Tip #1 – Dog Training Collars – Whether you are proactive on dog training or not, implementing a dog training collar on your dog will help to stop your dog from barking at strangers. Hello Reshma, The age various between individual dogs. Best Answer. And while it is not necessarily much to do with barking at strangers during walks. From the little information I have on your actual situation, I’ll give you my opinion on puppy growling at strangers – what’s going on and how to possibly fix it in 3 easy steps. In this case, you have to reverse the dog’s attitude toward strangers by acting nice and friendly to them. He is very well behaved in every way, except when out on walks. Discussion in 'Labrador behaviour' started by Tomal, Aug 16, 2015. Growling and barking at strangers. The dog will think, hey a stranger, if I sit I'm gonna get some cheese! They let us know when someone is at the door and keep us safe in the park or walking around. I have a 5month old Patterdale Terrier. She is fine with, cars, dogs etc but people she barks constantly. Nov 27, 2016. An awful lot of people struggle with trying to stop their Labradors from jumping up on people. So instead of shouting, Warning warning stranger coming! Dogs bark in defense of their owner. I think he is barking through fear more than anything else. And it can often result in people trying ... Read moreGerman Shepherd Barking At Strangers (3 Best Ways To Fix) They bark to warn that some stranger, who to them is a potential enemy, is approaching. Thankfully, Labradors are one of the more intelligent dog breeds and tend to pick things up quicker. Aug 8, 2018. Make strangers into something that means a good thing is about to happen, like cheese, and your dog will start to feel differently about seeing them. Not only are they incredibly loud, but because they’re so big they can also scare a lot of people. June 7, 2018 Gina Taylor. We all want our dogs to be the most loving, well-behaved dogs, and there is more to incorporate into their lives to prevent barking at strangers than just training methods. Then, wait for your dog to stop barking. Last update: Jan 2, 2021 1 answer. How To Get Your Labrador To Stop Barking. Some dogs interpret your telling them to stop. There’s nothing more embarrassing than a german shepherd barking at strangers. Once they have stopped for a few seconds, click and treat. To stop your dog from barking at strangers, let it bark 3-4 times, then stand over it and calmly give it the command, “Quiet.” Go to your dog and gently hold its muzzle closed with your hand and say “Quiet” again, then release its muzzle and step back. Once your dog barks, get their attention on you. https://www.wikihow.com/How-to-stop-my-dog-from-barking-at-strangers Puppy barking serves many purposes. It serves as a useful distinction between anxious and panic styles. So how do you stop your Aussie from barking? How Do I Stop My Dog from Barking at Strangers? Click Here To Check For The Best Price On High-Quality Training Collars! They learn that they can get rid of strangers by barking. When she see a stranger in the street or even our neighbours outside, she starts barking at them. I would put her on a leash, even though she is in the fence, and stay out there with her. Research has shown that a loud, barking dog can be as much of a deterrent — and sometimes more of a deterrent — to a home invader than home security alarms. ... How To Train Labradors To Stop Barking Excessively? I want to stop this before it become a habit and I can't take her outside!
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step three. Group of Subjects. — Just like the principle out-of admiration for persons discovers term for the certain requirements to possess agree, additionally the concept regarding beneficence into the risk/work for comparison, the chief out-of justice provides go up to moral conditions that there be reasonable strategies and you can effects in the set of look victims.
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The following article originally appeared in the February 16, 1980 issue of the English music magazine, Melody Maker. The original article was illustrated with photographs by Adrian Boot and Kate Simon:
Some people claim that only James Brown can match Andy Warhol's contribution to the Modern Dance. in the mid-Sixties, Warhol's Factory in New York saw the birth of the Velvet Underground, Polaroid art and the idea of boredom being fascinating. MARY HARRON circles warily around the silver ghost of Studio 54.
Pop Art/Art Pop: The Warhol Connection
"Because of Andy Warhol, it's no longer possible to just do what you do and not have to act it out 24 hours a day. His style of doing things changed everybody's idea of what the values were that could make you a star. And as a result there's this self-consciousness going on everywhere, this use of the media. It's not just what you do now, it's what you say about it, the way you behave, who your friends are. Your life has to reflect it. And in a way a lot of trash has been produced because of that. Which was also part of his idea..." (Steve Piccolo of the Lounge Lizards)
Andy Warhol is one of the great unacknowledged influences on pop music. He influenced it in a very specific way, by fostering the Velvet Underground. But his influence spreads beyond that - you see it everywhere, but it's hard to define. It's a matter of style and attitude. Not only did Warhol leave his mark on Roxy Music, David Bowie, the Ramones, Talking heads and every other new York art rock group, but he helped make them possible.
Warhol's influence on pop music started with pop art and what it did to America. He did not, in fact, originate pop art, but it's very typical of Warhol that most people now think he did. It was already news in 1959 when Jasper Johns exhibited two bronzed beer cans - a good three years before Warhol showed his silkscreens of Campbell soup cans to the world. But it was Warhol who became the symbol of pop art, and who took it to its farthest edge.
Warhol's soup cans stood for everything that was trashy, disposable and mass-produced in American life. By bringing the supermarket into the art gallery, pop art discarded all prevailing values about what was good or bad, beautiful or ugly, art or non-art.
Pop art provided an exhilarating liberation. After all, not only was trash part of the modern landscape, but it had a life and beauty of its own. In America a lot of vitality, care and imagination has gone into producing trash. For artists, that whole bubblegum/comic strip/pop music/ B-movie side of America had the excitement of forbidden territory. Children and teenagers could love it unselfconsciously, but artists had been taught to reject it as having no permanence or value. Pop art kicked down barriers; now artists could admit to their secret love of trash. But because these artists were sophisticated adults, they celebrated bubblegum culture in an ironic, self conscious way.
The age of pop art was also the age in which pop music lost its innocence. You can hear that innocence in the Ronettes and the Shangri-las and all those Twist songs, cheerfully fizzing away, never dreaming that anyone would take them seriously. But when the art world began to take an interest in pop, pop began to look at itself very differently. The two worlds locked; pop music acquired a history and influences.
Purely commercial pop continues to be produced, of course, as does purely "art" music, but it was only after the two worlds interlocked that you had arty pop. Only after pop music had become self conscious could you have a group like the Ramones, with their amazing ironic dumbness. The Ramones eternally stand back from themselves. They are both an expression of American teenagehood and a comment on it, and perhaps for that reason they have never been embraced by the mass of American teenagers. But then pop art was never truly popular either: reproductions of Warhol silkscreens never found their way onto the living room walls of Middle America.
But if most Americans didn't approve of Warhol, and still don't approve of him, everyone heard about him. The entry for him in Webster's Biographical Dictionary says: "Perennially controversial, Warhol reached mythic proportions in the 1960s largely because his motives were almost totally obscure..."
Public fascination with Warhol revolved around two questions: Why is he doing this? and How is he getting away with it?
To the public he was a hustler, and in a way they were right. The way that he manipulated the media was part of his statement - which makes you wonder whether Malcolm McLaren isn't one of his spiritual heirs. Both used the media - but, unlike McLaren, Warhol never had any subversive aims. Warhol has always had the greatest respect for money and fame and power.
The public must have been bewildered to see Andy Warhol, who seemed to be doing nothing, embraced by the Establishment - welcomed by the Museum of Modern Art, courted by Nelson Rockefeller. One reason was, quite simply, his talent. Warhol is a designer of great brilliance, and even when he seemed to be doing nothing but reproducing common American images - from dollar bills to Jackie Kennedy, from Elvis Presley to the electric chair - he did it with unmistakable flair.
Another reason was his talent for making the right social connections - at a time when art had become very fashionable. Tom Wolfe wrote in his profile of art collector Robert Scull: "Abstract Expressionism was so esoteric it had all but defied exploitation by the press. But all the media embraced Pop Art with an outraged, scandalized, priapic delight. Art generally became the focus of social excitement in New York. Art openings began to take over from theatre openings as the place where the chic, the ambitious and the beautiful congregated."
Finally, there was the fascination of Warhol's attitude, as seen in his occasional childlike, oracular public statements: "In the future everyone will be famous for 15 minutes." "Business is the best art." "I love Hollywood. It's plastic, but I love plastic. I want to be plastic." "We're a vacuum here at the Factory. I think it's great."
The Factory was his studio on West 47th Street. The name was both ironic and candid. The building had, in fact, once been a factory; now, by silkscreen paintings and having most of his work done by assistants, Warhol was trying to produce factory art.
Warhol's Factory threatened the whole idea of art as individual painstaking self-expression, and in this he went beyond his contemporaries. On the whole, pop art was fun. The work of someone like Claes Oldenburg - he of the enormous plaster hamburgers - could be seen as an affectionately satirical look at American life. Warhol himself was not satirical. He not only accepted the supermarket as valid subject-matter, he accepted it for what it was. He may have outraged the bourgeoisie but he approved of consumerism, of modern industrial life, in a way that the president of IBM in his most secret thoughts would not have dared to admit.
Warhol's blank acceptance, his refusal to make value judgments, had dangerous implications, but it was also liberating. Most people had become so frightened by the modern world that they couldn't even look at it straight. Warhol seemed to have none of the normal human reactions - no fear of alienation, loneliness, conformity.
Many of his pronouncements were witty: he was never totally sincere or insincere. The best source of these is The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (From A To B And Back Again) - a book which, characteristically, he did not write. His assistants wrote it up from taped conversations with Warhol: "I like eating alone. I want to start a chain of restaurants for other people who are like me called ANDYMATS - The Restaurant for the Lonely Person. You get your food and then you take your tray into a booth and watch television."
At times Warhol seemed to be looking at the world with the naive curiosity of a creature from another planet. The only person I can think of now who shares this vision is David Byrne of Talking Heads. The title More Songs About Buildings And Food, the line "Heaven is a bar where nothing ever happens" and the lyrics to Don't Worry About The Government are all very Warhol. But Byrne seems more vulnerable. Throughout his songs, it's as if he's taking a correspondence course in modern life, learning step by step how to fit in.
Both Byrne and Warhol believe in the virtues of hard work, business and success, and accept the status quo. But there's one big difference between them. Byrne worries about human emotions; Warhol doesn't, or at least claims he used to but stopped when he discovered the television set and the tape-recorder:
"During the Sixties, I think, most people forgot what emotions were supposed to be. And I don't think they've ever remembered. I think that once you see emotions from a certain angle you can never think of them as real again. That's what more or less has happened to me." (The Philosophy of Andy Warhol). People did not forget how to feel during the Sixties; this statement is about Warhol himself, and the solution he found to his problem in living. His problem seems to have been an extreme timidity, an almost pathological shyness which made it impossible for him to relate to people directly. He also loved and needed to be surrounded by people. His solution was to relate to them through tape and films. and because he was so famous and could attract fame, his solution was a very public and influential one:
"The acquisition of my tape-recorder really finished whatever emotional life I might have had, but I was glad to see it go. Nothing was ever a problem again, because a problem just meant a good tape, and when a problem transforms itself into a good it's not a problem any more. An interesting problem was an interesting tape. Everybody knew that and performed for the tape. You couldn't tell which problems were real and which problems were performed for the tape. Better yet, the people telling you the problems couldn't decide any more if they were really having the problems or just performing."
This only makes sense in the context of Warhol's social circle, where people wanted to sit around and put their problems on tape. This doesn't mean all his friends were rich and spoiled. Warhol hadn't yet become the full-time socialite he is today, and some of his entourage were social outcasts - hustlers and transvestites. But they all had a certain New York style of dealing with their neuroses by turning them into theatre - by developing an attitude and then acting it out full-time in an amazing performance. Living theatre.
Warhol's entourage was also vulnerable and narcissistic. Warhol had spotted something about film and tape: they were an invitation to narcissism. You could act yourself out and record yourself and then play yourself back.
They don't necessarily function that way, of course - most home movies are not narcissistic. But Warhol began to make a very sophisticated kind of home movie, in which his friends acted out themselves, and which were then shown to the public. And for some of his friends it was the most glorious thing that had ever happened to them, and for some it was ultimately destructive.
In 1963 Warhol and his assistants began making films at the Factory, which was a very large L-shaped loft with the walls covered in silver paper. The early films were silent, black and white, and had titles like Eat, Kiss, Sleep, Blowjob, Haircut: single camera shots, concentrating on a single activity, sometimes for many hours. The culmination of this was Empire in 1964, the eight-hour film of the Empire State Building which contained one action: a light being switched off.
What Tom Wolfe said about modern art in The Painted Word is also true of avant-garde filmmaking: the simpler something is, the more elaborate the criticism it inspires, until the explanation becomes more important than the work itself. Thousands of pages have been written trying to explain these films, and I don't want to add to them. Perhaps Warhol just became interested in the idea of film and approached it with his usual blank curiosity, as if he had never seen anything like this before.
So there was no story, no acting, no artistic touch. Just - "Here is a camera. See? This is what it does." The films were stunningly boring (although they make beautiful still photographs) and were obviously meant to be. When questioned, Warhol said that he liked boredom. Boredom was great.
Gradually, the films became more elaborate, with soundtracks and scripts. The performers were drawn form Warhol's entourage, the inner circle of the madhouse of people who filled the Factory day and night.
As Warhol's Philosophy says: "In the Sixties everyone got interested in everybody else. Drugs helped a little there..." At the Factory members of the art Establishment and rich debutantes like Baby Jane Holzer and Edie Sedgwick met the sexual underground of drag queens and Times Square hustlers. And the drug underground, too - amphetamines played a big part in the life of the Factory.
These "underground" movies were made in a steady glare of publicity. Everything Warhol did at this time was news, and he could bestow the protection of his fame on the misfits who came off the streets to shelter at the Factory. In modern America, celebrity was becoming an end in itself; it no longer mattered what you were, as long as you were famous.
Movies, radio and TV changed the nature of fame. Until they were invented, fame had always been a matter of reputation: as long as it depended on word of mouth or on print, it was necessary to be or do something extraordinary to attract attention. You had to be very talented or very rich or beautiful or powerful or evil or saintly.
The advent of the electronic media meant that anyone's voice or image could be sent into a million homes (an advance of sorts on the movies, which could only send them into movie theatres).
At the same time, celebrity-watching became a full-time occupation for many people, because you could now "get to know" anyone by seeing him or her on television, all by yourself in your own home. Actually, you wouldn't get to know them at all, or at least nothing beyond their public image, but still - there they were in your living room.
The teasing sense of intimacy made the public fascinated by personalities; the emphasis shifted from what people did to what they were like. Rock music, which came of age with television, is totally obsessed by personality.
In the Sixties very few people were willing to admit that fame no longer depended on achievement. Warhol was quite happy to admit it, and to play with it. What he did was to take a group of unknown people and turn them into "superstars".
The word itself was invented by Warhol's friend Ingrid, a raucous blonde from New Jersey who began calling herself"Ingrid Superstar". The more she went to parties with Andy, the more her name was printed in the papers, and Ingrid Superstar became famous. Eventually, all the personalities in Warhol's films became known as superstars. Warhol's Philosophy defined them as "all the people who are very talented, but whose talents are hard to define and almost impossible to market."
Warhol was a great talent-spotter, and most of his superstars had wit and a kind of freaky glamour. (The transvestite's outrageous thrift-shop finery was an influence on glitter rock, at least the American variety, in the shape of the New York Dolls.) Some were great beauties, like Edie Sedgwick and International Velvet, some were great talkers, like Ondine and Taylor Mead - and some were both, like Viva and the drag queen Candy Darling.
In the early films they would just start with an idea - "sit over there and eat a banana" - but even when they had scripts most of the action was improvised. The superstars would camp around or discuss their problems or reminisce, or just sit there, transmitting their presence onto the screen.
Cameras don't make judgments: they record everything, whether it's interesting or not. So, true to the nature of the medium, Warhol and his assistants let their cameras record everything: the early films were almost never edited. This made them boring, but life-like in a bizarre way. Warhol once called them "documentaries". It's true that even the most theatrical performers, the drag queens, were just repeating a performance they carried on in life; however, the camera was also inspiring them to perform.
Alan Midgette, who was probably the only professional actor to appear in Warhol's early films, says he remembers that once the fashion model Ivy Nicholson stood in front of the camera at the Factory and tried to slit her wrists.
"Those kind of people get demented when they become involved with movies, because they don't understand how powerful they can be," he says. "Something gets triggered off because they're not really acting. They haven't been given a part to play, so they start pulling these weird things out or their psyche and throwing them at the camera."
Appropriately enough, the only real acting Warhol asked Midgette to do was to impersonate Warhol himself. In 1966 the artist was invited to go on a university lecture tour, and since Warhol was too shy, his assistant Paul Morrissey, asked Midgette to go instead; there was a certain resemblance between the two, although Allen was younger and better looking. so he sprayed his hair silver, like Andy's, rubbed the lightest shade of makeup on his fact to imitate Andy's pallor, and borrowed Andy's black leather jacket.
Midgette impersonated Warhol at lectures, meetings with academics, and in interviews."I knew as Andy you could answer a question anyway, and that the most ambiguous answer was the closest to being like Andy." Eventually, the hoax was discovered, and the fees for the lectures had to be returned - but it also won Warhol thousands of dollars' worth of free publicity.
When questioned Warhol told a newspaper: "Oh, well, we just did it, well, I uh, because, uh, I really don't have that much to say. The person who went had so much more to say. He was what the people expected."
Midgette thinks that it was seeing his replica accepted on the lecture tour that gave Warhol the confidence to appear in public. Warhol, who always delegated everything , had succeeded in delegating the responsibility for being himself.
Warhol was, at this point, probably the most famous and highest-paid artist in the world. And, ironically, his superstars became famous, too - real media celebrities. In a way, what Warhol had done was sick. He had let people expose themselves to the camera, and he had shown that not only did they want to expose themselves but that other people wanted to watch. He had made voyeurism chic.
Some of the superstars destroyed themselves, like Edie Sedgwick, who became a drug addict and died of an overdose at 27. But something good came out of those films, too. It was an attitude - tough, funny, sharp-witted - sustained by many of the superstars even when they were showing their scars. It was the attitude of people who had been through the mill and come out flaunting. Their detachment, the way they paodied themselves, was a form of courage - and if you were a drag queen in 1966, you needed all the courage you could get.
You can find the same attitude among certain personalities on the New York rock music scene today, like Lydia Lunch. You can also find the same sickness and affectation.
So many worlds converged at the Factory and Warhol knew so many people that it was probably inevitable that he should meet the Velvet Underground.
He was friendly with the avant-garde musicians La Monte Young and Marian Zazeela, in whose Theatre of Eternal Music John Cale played when he first came to New York. Warhol also knew a conceptual artist named Walter DeMaria, who played drums for John Cale and Lou Reed in an early incarnation of the Velvets called the Primitives.
According to Gerard Malanga, at one point Warhol was planning to start his own rock band along with Young, Zazeela, De Maria and Patty Oldenburg, the wife of Claes Oldenburg. The idea of Warhol fronting a rock band is irrestible but it never came to anything. However, it does show that rock was on his mind. By 1965 he had plans to open the first mixed-media show in New York, involving live music, dancers and film.
It was Gerard Malanga who actually led Warhol to the Velvet Underground. Malanga was Warhol's personal assistant during the mid-Sixties, a poet and superstar, and Warhol's opposite in every way: good-looking, street-smart, an unabashed exhibitionist and extravagantly heterosexual. Warhol fired Malanga years ago, for some undisclosed transgression; this was after 1968, when the Factory had moved premises to Union Square and its whole style had changed.
It was easy to track Malanga down to his home on 14th Street at 3rd Avenue. It seemed appropriate to find this symbol of the old Factory still living here, on a a block lined with cut-price stores, pawnshops and liquor stores. It is not one of the most dangerous streets in New York, just one of the sleaziest, like Times Square. Everyone, even the newsagents, looks like they are involved in something vaguely illegal and unsuccessful. It is also a drug street, where addicts of various kinds huddle in little groups rocking back and forth, whimpering long, frenetic monologues.
Whenever anyone talks of the romance of streetlife I always think of 14th Street at 3rd Avenue and wonder if that's where they really want to be. But I also suspect that all the New York art undergrounds, from the Beats to the Factory to the rock scene, have been most alive when they connected with this world, maybe because it acts as a constant reminder of what you face when you put yourself "outside of society." Certainly, the Factory stopped taking risks after it closed its doors to Times Square.
When I met Malanga he still looked very much the way he does in photographs from ten years ago, down to the black leather trousers that he made into a fashion. Malanga explained that it was the first time in years that he had worn leather: he was leaving that night to appear at a poetry festival in Amsterdam and though he should dress for the part.
It was the way he dressed when he went to see the Velvet Underground at the Cafe Bizarre at the tend of 1965. He was also carrying a large whip at the time. Not because he was into S & M, but as an accessory - it went with the leather. As the Velvets played Malanga began to do an extravagant whip dance, and afterwards Lou Reed came over and asked him if he'd come and dance every night.
Warhol's mixed media show, the Exploding Plastic Inevitable, opened upstairs at the Dom Theatre in early 1966. Sometimes five films would be projected at once, running all over the walls and ceiling, and anyone from the audience could come up and run the projector. Sometimes the Velvets would all wear white so that they simply reflected the film images and became invisible onstage, and sometimes the entire cast of the Living Theatre would come by after a performance and start leaping around the room.
This was the time when the whole Factory entourage hung out in the backroom restaurant at Max's Kansas City. Warhol's bill there was said to be 3,000 dollars a month. Deborah Harry, who was a waitress there at the time, has said in interviews that not only were the Warhol crowd the rudest people she ever met, but they never left any tips.
The Velvets began to rehearse at the Factory, and did so nearly every day for almost two years. The phone was always ringing with invitations for Warhol and his entourage. This was an age of lavish parties, in lofts and art galleries, parties everywhere from discotheques to the Statue of Liberty. And so the Velvets wrote All Tomorrow's Parties: "What costumes shall the poor girl wear/To all tomorrow's parties?"
Malanga says, "The Velvets were always invited to things, and usually they would show up. But they were very much in the background, and no one really paid any attention to them. Except for Nico, because she had a lot of social connections."
Nico was then a successful fashion model who had appeared in La Dolce Vita and cut a single in London with Andrew Oldham. Malanga: "It was Warhol's idea to bring Nico into the group; he wanted her in because he felt the Velvets on their own 'lacked charisma'."
Of all the Velvets, Lou Reed spent the most time at the Factory and was closest to Warhol.
In some way their attitudes were close. Warhol has often gone on record as saying that sex is too much trouble, but he is fascinated by the idea of sex, and many of his films were semi-pornographic in a distanced, ironic way. A friend of Reed's in the Factory days said to me: "Lou is mostly a voyeur. In my experience he never had any sustained interest in either sex. You see, sex just doesn't offer Lou enough - he's just really bored by it." But like Warhol, Reed was interested in the idea of sex, in the sexual role-playing of transvestitism and S&M.
Reed drew on the Factory for his subject matter - the Chelsea Girls are all Warhol people, Candy Says is about Candy Darling and Walk On The Wild Side is a series of vivid superstar portraits - but he didn't share Warhol's passive, objective eye. Candy Says is a very moving song, and Lou Reed had obviously been touched by this people; he identified with them.
Some of the Velvets' most important songs,, like Heroin, Venus In Furs and I'm Waiting for My Man, were already written by the time they met Warhol. He functioned less as an inspiration than as a source of financial and moral support.
Sterling Morrison, the Velvets' guitarist, thinks they might have broken up in six months if it wasn't for Warhol. Morrison says: "He argued against restraint." John Cale says: "Andy's a good catalyst." One reason why Warhol had such a powerful effect was that he created an atmosphere at the Factory where it seemed that all the old rules and forms had been broken and anything could be tried. His attitude was "Why not?" Or, when faced with a problem, "So what?"
Walter De Maria says, "There was a serious tone to the music and the movies and the people, as well as all the craziness and the speed. There was also the feeling of desperate living, of being on the edge."
When I asked him if the people at the Factory ever thought about the future he said, "No, I think the present was blazing and every day was incredible, and you knew every day wasn't always going to be that way."
1966 is said to have been the great year at the Factory. By 1968 the Velvet Underground, after touring with the Plastic Inevitable, had come to an amicable parting of the ways with Warhol. That same year a lesbian feminist named Valerie Solanas appeared on the outer fringes of the Warhol entourage, and played a small part in one film, I, A Man.
Solanas, who seems to have had a certain sense of humour as well as a badly deranged mind, formed a group called SCUM - The Society for Cutting Up Men. When Warhol refused to produce a film script she had written, she became resentful. On June 5, 1968, she took the elevator up to the Factory, walked over to Andy Warhol, who was talking on the telephone and shot him three times in the chest.
In his Philosophy, Warhol wrote: "Before I was shot, I always thought I was more half-there than all there - I always suspected that I was watching TV instead of living life." After being shot, he says, he knew that he was watching television: "The channels switch, but it's all TV."
Be that as it may, it affected him enough to cause a revolution in the Factory. The open-door policy was stopped and the Factory moved premises to Union Square and became an increasingly professional organisation. Paul Morrissey, who had become Warhol's chief assistant (and who once managed NIco), too over the filming. The result was more commercial, and admittedly more entertaining, films like Flesh, Trash and Heat.
The new Factory, in Union Square, houses the offices of Interview magazine. Glenn O'Brien who edited it for three years and now writes its music column, says it was started to give Gerard Malanga something to do.
It began as a film magazine, but eventually concentrated almost entirely on interviews. They were all transcripts from tape recordings and, like the early films, were interesting because they left in all sorts of things that a professional editor would have cut out. The interviews read just like conversations, sometimes boring and trivial, but with the fascination of eavesdropping.
Interview seems to have influenced the punk fanzines. Punk magazine, which started in New York in 1975, picked up the random, slightly surreal style of the early Interview. Mark P. told me in the summer of 1976 that, although he thought Punk was too much of a comic book, it had given him the inspiration to start Sniffin' Glue. And the rest is history. Or not, as the case may be.
The editorial policy of Interview is avowedly to cover people who are doing interesting things, but it has concentrated increasingly on those who are rich or already famous. It's now edited by Bob Colacello, who contributes a rather arch monthly column about his social-climbing. Interview has done a great deal for Warhol's own social connections, and he seems to appear at every important party. But then Andy Warhol - who was born Andrew Warhola 52 years ago, the child of Czech immigrants, whose father worked in the Pittsburgh steel mills, and who grew up in poverty - has always been infatuated with the rich.
The reception area of the new Factory is very quiet. There is a lot of polished wood floor, and polished tables, and the minute you walk in a young man politely asks you what your business is.
There are several of those young men wandering around the Factory, all remarkably alike. They are fair, well-dressed and very well groomed, rather sweet, but enervated. They have the kind of faces that appear in Interview magazine, and like all those faces they are faintly disappointing in the flesh - they only achieve perfection in photographs.
I sat down to wait. Fred Hughes, who is listed as the "President" of Interview, walked in. He is small, neat, impeccably dressed, but brash. I suspect that brashness is his most likeable characteristic.
Hughes sat down at the telephone and smiled at me suspiciously. Did I have an appointment? I was glad that I did, because there is a potential for nastiness at the Factory. If you did not have an appointment they could make it very clear to you that you were not beautiful, rich, amusing, or in any way fabulous enough to have walked in there at all.
Warhol came in and we were introduced, not that I had any trouble recognising him. there was a slight shock at first when I realised how old he was - I had always thought of Warhol as permanently 30. At first sight he is unearthly. His skin is like nothing I've ever seen on a human being. His face, beneath the dyed silver hair, is so pale that it seems to have been modeled out of putty, ridged with little crevices that are, in fact, nothing more sinister than adolescent acne scars. He speaks very softly, and with a shy boyish charm that immediately begins to take effect.
Warhol explained that he had some business to take care of, and I sat down to wait again. I noted, with some satisfaction, that the paint was peeling from the ceiling. Warhol returned and we retired to one end of the room, past a huge vertical prism filled with rainbows, surrounded by black screens and potted plants, past a stuffed penguin on top of a marble table, surrounded by black armchairs. I brought out my tape-recorder.
"Is the radio on?" asked Warhol. He went over and switched it off, so that it wouldn't interfere with the recording. Warhol knows about tape recorders.
I knew that a few days previously Warhol had been down at the Mudd Club filming a "Rock and Roll Funeral Party" in progress there. The party ran for two nights in the upstairs room. The room was filled with shrines, each designed by a different artist. One was a replica of a trashed hotel room with a psychedelic Moon. Another was a room with a psychedelic poster on the wall and a lamp covered with a fringed shawl; on the floor lay a dummy in beads and feathers with a hedge of hypodermic needles sticking out of her arm - Janis Joplin.
"We have a show we're trying to do on cable television called Fashion," said Warhol. "So we were filming it down there."
What did you think was the best exhibit?
"I liked it... uh... well, I liked it because the party was for two days. I think the one I liked was the ham sandwiches in front of the candles."
The shrine was to Mama Cass. Warhol said he thought the kids there wore great clothes. I asked if he thought the fashion had changed recently.
"Well, I think they're, uh, just... well, it looks like they're wearing the Sixties. I don't know. Without being hippies."
In England they're all wearing mod clothes now.
"They are? Oh, again? Oh, really? Oh, great. I like all the things the kids... the punk thing still looks great."
This was all very nice, and very polite, and curiously paralysing. Partly it was the effect of Warhol's shyness; partly it was because I knew that he might walk away at any moment.
In your book, the one that's coming out now (Exposures), which groups have you...uh... have you got any groups in there? (Hesitation was catching.)
"I think so, yeah." (Later, Glenn O'Brien would assure me that Andy really did have a bad memory.) "I think we have the Talking Heads and, uh, we have Walter Steding, who works here. We have Lou Reed. Just, uh, anybody who usually comes up here."
How did you come to... didn't you do an ad for Talking Heads?
"Oh well, I guess I met them a long time ago and I did an interview with them and I thought they were really terrific."
We talked about the Palladium, which Warhol said was great, and then I asked him about the first time he saw the Velvet Underground. What were they playing?
"They were just playing loud."
What did they look like then?
"Well, they always wore black. And Maureen played one note and John wore black. They all wore black. They were great. But somehow they were in the New York kind of music, and California kind of won out with all the hippy kind of music."
Didn't you take the Velvets out to California?
"Oh yes. we were there with Bill Graham at... what's the name of that place?"
"The Fillmore, yeah. Jim Morrison saw the show, and I think he picked up some of his style from that. He began to wear leather, like Gerard. Actually, Barbara Rubin wanted to bring us to London, so I guess if we'd really gone to London it might have been more successful. I'm sorry we didn't do that. She wanted to get the Albert Hall."
Warhol couldn't remember how his involvement with the Velvets stopped.
"I don't know. I like them so much, we might have had a contract but it didn't matter... they just decided to find some other manager. Well, it was just too hard going around. It was fun to go around for a few months. And then we could have gotten another night club, and it would have meant staying up till seven every morning and it was just too hard to worry about that. So then the group broke up or something like that... and then it took years and Lou just kept on working. He's very good now, he's changed a lot."
Do you ever go to his concerts?
"Oh yeah, I think they're terrific."
The Velvets were really the first art rock band weren't they?
"Well, I think the Talking Heads are doing it better. They seem to be more sensible and they work at it. They were art kids, too. They went to Rhode Island School of Design."
What do you mean - more sensible?
"Well, less crazy. It was a crazier time then, I guess. Now they're doing it more like a profession. And they're good at it."
You said something in The Philosophy of Andy Warhol about how the Sixties were very cluttered, and the Seventies were very empty...
"... What are the Eighties going to be like?"
"Oh, well, all I know is that New York is as fun now as it was then, but even more so. Well, the hippies were around then; that was sort of wonderful."
I was stunned - in the Sixties, Warhol and the Factory stood as a symbol for everything that was urban and cynical and decadent - everything that the hippies were not. Also, Allen Midgette and Sterling Morrison had both told me that everyone at the Factory used to laugh at hippies. But, on second thought, I'm sure Warhol does think the hippies were wonderful. He likes to see a lot of activity.
Do you think New York went dead for awhile?
"Yeah, it did, it really did. Well, they kept pushing that New York was such a terrible place. There's just as much crime happening now as was happening then. There are the same people on the same streets."
Do you ever go to London?
"Oh yeah, we were just there with Martha Graham and Liza Minelli and Halston and Steve Rubell. Oh, it was wonderful."
Does it strike you as having changed?
"Well, it was really wonderful and, uh, great."
I asked Warhol about his superstars. What was the difference between that kind of fame and other kinds?
"Uh... well, it was really wonderful and, uh, great."
I asked Warhol about his superstars. What was the difference between that kind of fame and other kinds?
"Uh... well, it was just such a good time for the kids. You got famous in one movie, and they didn't know that you had to go on to acting school if that was your career. It just happened too easy."
I guess they didn't realise that it wasn't going to last.
"I always thought it was just sort of good training. And after you did it, you really had to go on to school to be an actor and really learn what technique was. Because it is technique."
Did any of them try?
"Well, Joe Dallesandro is in Rome. He makes a lot of movies. Not many of the others."
But wasn't that part of it - that it was very easy fame?
"Well, it was just all right then, because everybody was supposed to do something new. And they all had the chance, but they just didn't know what to do with it."
It's a bit like how people get famous in rock music.
"Yeah. like that group that was so great that just sort of fell apart and one of the boys died."
The New York Dolls?
"No, no, no, the English one."
Oh, the Sex Pistols.
"They were just so famous. But they were really talented. I guess the guy who killed himself was just the same kind of Sixties... you get famous with something, and then you have to keep doing it because it's what you know. But the other one, the one that seems to quit because he realised it had gone too crazy - what's he doing now?"
John Lydon? He's got a new group.
"It must be... a different theory, right? So you can change and do anything."
I asked Warhol about Nico.
"Nico is really fat now. She's in town. Have you interviewed her?"
Do you think she ever cared about being famous?
"Well, Nico had like eight careers going for her, and every time they happened she changed. She was a French movie star, and as soon as she became almost successful at that she left and came with the Velvets. And then as soon as she was singing the right kind of songs and she was getting more work, she'd buy an organ and do chanting. Every time it's almost successful, she changes her whole style. I don't know why she does that."
We talked about John Cale, who Warhol said was the most talented of the Velvets. Just then a young man drifted past.
"Have you met Walter Steding? Want to meet him? He's great. Walter, do you want to do a little interview? He's the person you ought to interview, he's the one who plays the violin..."
He beckoned Steding over and said: "Why don't you tell her what you do, why don't you sit down and be interviewed." He turned to me and said simply, "Walter wants to make it, so..." So it made more sense for him to be interviewed.
Walter Steding, a rather shy and sweet young man, sat down by the tape recorder and told me about his first stage performance, in which he used electrical impulses from his brain to activate a synthesizer while he played the violin. Meanwhile, Warhol had disappeared. He had succeeded in delegating the interview.
Whatever Warhol did that was of real importance was probably between 1960 and 1968; once the shock of his refusal to make value judgments was over, he stopped being a radical force and became just an uncritical member of the Establishment. But we are left with his influence. It's particularly strong in the New York rock underground because he virtually created it, by taking the Velvet Undergound into his social world.
Andy Warhol's great virtues were his immense curiosity about people and the world around him, his open mind, his astuteness and his nerve. He could take almost any attitude and make it look cool.
This made him a great legitimiser. He legitimised the sophisticated use of bubblegum which would turn the Shangri-las into Blondie, and beach party music into the B-52s. He legitimised the ultra-naive-but-sophisticated celebration of America, and therefore made it possible for Jonathan Richman to write a happy song about a shoppping plaza, and David Byrne to write a touching song about his apartment building, without being laughed at.
He made his entourage famous, and their outrageousness inspired the rock fashion for using transvestitism and S&M leather for shock effect. With this came the whole idea of using decadence or a parody of decadence as a subject for rock music.
Warhol proved in his own life that no matter how fucked up you were you could survive through style - as long as you were never embarrassed. Wahol's particular style involved an emotional detachment that was based on a fear of emotion, and he helped make non-feeling cool.
He understood the media brilliantly, and he showed how to use them before they used you, by consciously developing an image. His success also made it seem more important to have an image. He probably created David Bowie, and it seems right that Bowie, whose talent for celebrity rivals Warhol's own, should be the only rock star to write a song about him. And when Bowie was at his most famous he projected an invulnerability that, like Warhol's, was based on the sense that he wasn't quite human. He was a star personality who, in fact, had no personality, just a constantly changing image.
After Bowie, Warhol's influence seemed to fade in England. The Sex Pistols, may have killed it. I think one reason why English groups are so concerned with taking moral stands and New York groups are positively hostile to them, is that Warhol's influence is much stronger in New York. Morality is contrary to the Warhol style. The advantage of this is that you are never self-righteous, and the disadvantage is that you are never sincere - or concerned.
At its best, the influence of Warhol's style means that the New York groups are witty and sharp and clear-eyed enough to express unpleasant truths; at its worst it means they will play with evil and not care about the consequences because, well, life is just a movie.
A few days after interviewing Warhol, I saw Glenn O'Brien. He'd just finished taping his cable television show, TV Party. Once a week Glenn and his friends, including Deborah Harry, get together and have a party. On television. (Probably this could only happen in New York.) I told Glenn about the interview, and I asked him whether Warhol meant it when he said everything was great.
"Andy does like everything," Glenn replied. "The only thing he wouldn't like would be something that was boring or imposed on him. But it's also a very intelligent, Machiavellian politeness. If you say everything is great, some people will take you at your word and some people will think you're being ironic. The people who think it's great will think you're saying it's great, and the people who think it's awful will think you're really saying it's awful. So you're always saying the right thing."
And that's where we have to leave it, because that's Warhol's message, that's what he's been saying all along: Here is the modern world - and it's great. | <urn:uuid:250385e1-bcb7-4500-9fa5-b5e30b9221ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.warholstars.org/andy-warhol-melody-maker.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.988698 | 9,912 | 2.125 | 2 |
Wussywat Garden Games
We are proud to have launched Wussywat® Garden Games – a pre-school app that coincides with the launch of Wussywat the Clumsy Cat, Baby Cow’s first pre-school comedy show for CBeebies.
A partnership with Baby Cow Animation, Wussywat Garden Games features the gentle, calming tones of the show’s narrator, popular Broadcaster Liza Tarbuck as well as the charming designs of illustrator and art director Jo Kiddie. The TV show’s slapstick writing is inherent in the game design with its have-a-go ethos running through all interactive play, ensuring little learners have lots of fun engaging in the wacky world of Wussywat.
Available to download from the App Store and Google Play, pre-schoolers and fans alike are invited to join Wussywat and friends for some funny games in The Garden. Players can interact with their favourite characters across 5 beautifully animated games, allowing for children aged 2-6 to develop hand eye co-ordination and problem-solving skills through different game-playing styles.
As players’ aptitude improves in each game they are rewarded with digital stickers to collect and arrange in their very own digital sticker book inside the app. There is also a gated grown-ups area guaranteeing a child-friendly gaming experience for all.
Wussywat Garden Games features some unique activities and enjoyable classics:
- Puddle Hop – Guide Wussywat as he races Duckadile across the splashy puddles avoiding the frogs as you go.
- Wobble – Learn to balance a wobbly tower of objects with Ird as you count up to 20.
- Hide & Squeak – Help Duckadile find the different bugs hidden all over the Garden.
- Wossat? – Identify the shapes that Wussywat is thinking of by matching the object to the silhouette.
- Pairs – A classic game with different levels of difficulty and a Garden twist.
- Sticker Book – Collect digital stickers to arrange in themed backgrounds to create your own Garden scenes. | <urn:uuid:4e087517-444d-4972-ae7a-34be521f3846> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://playerthree.com/portfolio/wussywat-garden-games | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.910469 | 437 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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