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To date, 50 homes have been added to the CLCLT through HIP. Approximately $2.5 million has been invested in affordability and another $1.5 million in rehabilitation of those homes. This investment includes almost $500,000 from some of Minneapolis’s 81 neighborhoods, which chose to allocate a portion of their Neighborhood Revitalization Program (a program unique to Minneapolis) funds designated for affordable housing to HIP.
Because of some of HIP’s different structures, the CLCLT has served households that are not often, if ever, served by other affordable homeownership programs. For example, 49 percent of HIP homeowners are people of color. Comparatively, in the city of Minneapolis, only 15 percent of households of color own a home even though they represent 35 percent of the city’s population. Additionally, 96 percent of HIP buyers are first-time homebuyers; 76 percent of HIP homeowners are single female heads of household; and the average household income is 44 percent AMI.
As one HIP homeowner stated, it has “created another level of assistance . . . for low-middle income families like us who don’t have the ability to really save for down payments and don’t have the extra money for higher mortgage payments. For those of us who consistently fall through the cracks and seem invisible to policy makers, this kind of help can make a big difference in our quality of life.”
Roles in Different Markets
When HIP started, home prices were appreciating rapidly in Minneapolis, as they were around the country, and HIP was able to help buyers at various income levels secure affordable homeownership and create long-term affordable housing units. As the housing market changed and communities were decimated by the foreclosure crisis, another distinct advantage of HIP was revealed.
In the last two years, through HIP, the CLCLT has helped a number of buyers who have only been able to qualify for mortgage amounts in the $40,000 to $60,000 range. With the addition of the CLCLT affordability investment and the depressed market circumstances, these HIP buyers have been able to find quality housing stock at truly affordable prices and be confident that it will not become a home maintenance boondoggle. This population of buyers could not have considered purchasing a home at all three (and definitely not four) years ago.
HIP’s approach also has a less visible advantage over a “purchase, rehab, and then sell” model. While a multitude of investments are being made in our communities to recapture and rehab foreclosed and vacant homes, many remain unoccupied post-rehab as developers struggle to find qualified buyers. While often a first step, unoccupied rehabbed homes do not really stabilize a community.
HIP reverses this process by starting with an income-qualified buyer seeking the home they want to purchase, in a community of their choice. Rehab occurs after the home is occupied, and the CLT requires that the buyer occupy the home for the duration of ownership. When given an opportunity to choose, buyers are more likely to identify a community to which they are already connected or have an interest in being connected to. Of the 18 HIP buyers who have purchased since 2009, 11 have chosen homes within two miles of their previous residence. Having such choice promotes a stronger sense of ownership and further cultivates commitment to a community where a buyer/homeowner already has a vested interest. Homebuyers willing and wanting to be invested in specific communities and open to purchasing foreclosed, vacant houses are an integral component to fully restoring our neighborhoods.
HIP is also adaptable, within its mission, for example, allowing neighborhoods to be stabilized by keeping people in existing homes. Of the HIP buyers who purchased within two miles of their home, two purchased the homes they were already living in: one rental home that was for sale and one home inherited with significant liens and headed toward foreclosure. These circumstances required adaptability but not dismissal of the HIP’s guidelines.
Community land trust homeownership is one element on the continuum of affordable housing options. HIP adds a layer to this element in a manner that offers a greater degree of individual choice than is often seen with other options. Having a choice from the start empowers buyers to create a sense of place that will hopefully serve them well in all aspects of their life and create a foundation from which they can continue to progress.
Recently, one of the CLCLT’s first HIP buyers shared, “During all the ups and downs I have had over the past few years, one thing that never changes is my home. It is my pride. I love my neighborhood. I love my yard. When things are bad my warm little house gives me comfort and when things are good it is a hub for friends and laughter and memories.” | <urn:uuid:5e34f431-66c9-4aa2-937a-1d0148f3ec5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shelterforce.org/2011/07/25/its_all_about_choice/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972687 | 990 | 1.625 | 2 |
According to the statistics, school gardens are NOT too cool for school, as a Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) review counts about 1,300 school gardens growing in The Sunshine State alone. A recent study by Karla Shelnutt, a University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension nutrition specialist and Associate Professor in the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences and Kohrine Counts, a dietetics intern and master’s student at UF/IFAS, showed that Florida’s school gardens are helping to put ag in the classroom and fresh produce into the students’ diets. As an added bonus, school gardens have a whole host of additional benefits for all those involved.
Education Benefits of Gardens and Ag in the Classroom
Any teacher will tell you that hands-on interactive activities—where students are actually doing something—always beat reading about a topic, watching a video, hearing about the top or any other passive instructional method, when it comes to student learning. Hands-on learning is why ag in the classroom is usually so successful. When students plant seeds, measure vegetal growth, fight pests and harvest a crop, they are really learning about innumerable topics such as the life cycle of plants, the importance of pollinators and so much more.
Students also get a better understanding of agriculture and what it takes to grow and harvest foods as a farmer, especially for urban students who are far removed from agriculture and country settings. Seeing ag in the classroom may be one of the few ways that city kids can experience agriculture. Furthermore, teachers can also use the garden as a vehicle for teaching other subjects, such as math. The engagement that the students experience with the garden can carry over into other subjects. Lastly, it’s also a way that all students—even those with learning disabilities, language barriers or other issues—can experience success in a school setting.
Health Benefits of Gardens and Ag in the Classroom
School gardens also have a multitude of health benefits as well. It’s most likely that the produce raised in a school garden is consumed by the students, either in the classroom or in the cafeteria; this helps students to get fruits and vegetables in their diets. The novelty of produce grown in a garden also increases the likelihood that kids will try new types of fruits and vegetables that they may not be exposed to—or that they would refuse to try—at home.
No matter which way you slice it, school gardens and ag in the classroom is a valuable harvest for all. | <urn:uuid:3fa762bc-601d-42de-b9c7-4ea3227f0fae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://martinpa.com/florida-school-gardens-ag-in-the-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960704 | 517 | 3.296875 | 3 |
In seeking truth, we each have a way, a protocol or methodology, for evaluating whether an idea is true: we have chosen an authority, a standard by which we evaluate truth claims. We also have a motive for pursuing truth.
In the physical realm, truth is found through the accurate perception of Creation through our senses, which are our God-given authority. Rightly knowing scientific truth requires all our sensory experiences to align; no contradictions to a truth claim are tolerated.
Since our physical senses are designed to be relatively reliable and unbiased, if our minds and spirits are seeking physical truth we can collaborate with each other to validate this alignment. Our motive is clear: alignment with physical reality is extremely beneficial on every level. Once we perceive contradiction, if we’re sincere, we admit incomplete understanding and continue to explore.
However, in the spiritual/moral dimension we’re evidently on very different footing, not having a consistent, unbiased way to verify metaphysical reality. Like Creation, metaphysical reality is ultimately grounded in the divine Being: what He considers truth is true regardless. Yet, due to biases we hold deeply within our minds and spirits, each individual may discern any given metaphysical claim differently, so we’re unable to consistently verify spiritual truth merely through collaboration with each other’s broken perceptions.
Our inability to successfully collaborate here implies it is also an error to trust entirely in ourselves, presuming we have the capacity to accurately discern spiritual reality all on our own, that only we are unbiased and accurate in our perceptions, and no one else. We are not unbiased observers; we must trust God to reveal spiritual truth to us, and to reveal and heal our brokenness, our biased way of looking at reality. How might He do this?
God might speak to us directly in some way, which may seem reasonable in theory. Yet, when one experiences the myriad ways in which people claim God speaks to them, the impracticality is evident. God does speak to us at times, yet seducing spirits also consistently impersonate God and deceive many. (1Ti 4:1) This isn’t straightforward.
So, unless we’re so sure it’s the voice of God that we can’t even ask, “Who are you?”, which isn’t very often for most of us, we shouldn’t presume it’s God we’re hearing. We’re also commanded to test those who claim to have a word from God, because the reality is that they’re likely not hearing from God either. (1Jn 4:1) Yet, how do we go about such testing if we’re not to trust entirely in ourselves, nor in others, nor expect God to reveal truth directly to us as a rule?
There is only one other possibility: a written document containing God’s moral instructions in His own words. This is, in fact, His provision (2Ti 3:16-17), and He requires us to hide His Words in our heart (Ps 119:11) and meditate on them continually. (Ps 1:2) We’re to receive with meekness the engrafted word, through which He reveals metaphysical reality to us and delivers us from our ignorance and rebellion. (Ja 1:21)
For this to work as God designs, meekness is essential: we must submit to His Word as truth (Jn 17:17), obey it and yield to it. (Ja 1:22) If our motive in pursuing spiritual truth is selfish, we will inevitably miss it. The proper motive is alignment with God, a single-minded intent to be in right relationship with Him.
In pursuing truth in the absence of unmistakable divine revelation, expose every truth claim to the entire Word of God and reject any claim which violates any text of scripture. When this troubles me, and God’s Word is rubbing me the wrong way, I turn around — repent. Otherwise, I’m back to trusting in myself as spiritual authority instead of God, where all roads lead to death. (Pr 14:12) | <urn:uuid:1ba4287c-af6b-454f-a254-30bf36c2807c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ableever.net/wordpress/2021/12/11/thy-word-is-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942148 | 855 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Global citizenship in education is the civil society aspect of globalization, the responsibilities that go with increasing interdependence in the world. Global citizens respect social and economic equality, human rights and the environment.
In accordance with the school values and charter, AGGS has introduced and will further develop Global Citizenship as an integrating theme that supports the numerous initiatives running throughout the school both curricula and co-curricula.
In broad terms three areas are covered:
- the promotion and protection of human rights,
- protection of the environment,
- and the fostering of closer connections in the international community.
AGGS was the first school partner in Human Rights in Education, the school has grounded the rights and responsibilities of citizenship in human rights: Auckland Girls' Grammar is a rights respecting school.
All areas of school life are conducted with respect to the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. All members of our school community have the responsibility to ensure that one another's rights are respected. | <urn:uuid:1c765546-5196-4527-adce-9df6c3c0621e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.aggs.school.nz/curriculum/global-citizenship | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94682 | 212 | 2.890625 | 3 |
THE MUST-READ OF MUST-READS on the links between behavioral finance and macro: John Maynard Keynes (1936): The State of Long-Term Expectation: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money: Chapter 12: "If I may be allowed to appropriate the term _speculation for the activity of forecasting the psychology of the market, and the term enterprise for the activity of forecasting the prospective yield of assets over their whole life, it is by no means always the case that speculation predominates over enterprise. As the organisation of investment markets improves, the risk of the predominance of speculation does, however, increase...
...In one of the greatest investment markets in the world, namely, New York, the influence of speculation (in the above sense) is enormous. Even outside the field of finance, Americans are apt to be unduly interested in discovering what average opinion believes average opinion to be; and this national weakness finds its nemesis in the stock market. It is rare, one is told, for an American to invest, as many Englishmen still do, “for income”; and he will not readily purchase an investment except in the hope of capital appreciation. This is only another way of saying that, when he purchases an investment, the American is attaching his hopes, not so much to its prospective yield, as to a favourable change in the conventional basis of valuation....
Speculators may do no harm as bubbles on a steady stream of enterprise. But the position is serious when enterprise becomes the bubble on a whirlpool of speculation. When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done. The measure of success attained by Wall Street, regarded as an institution of which the proper social purpose is to direct new investment into the most profitable channels in terms of future yield, cannot be claimed as one of the outstanding triumphs of laissez-faire capitalism—which is not surprising, if I am right in thinking that the best brains of Wall Street have been in fact directed towards a different object.
These tendencies are a scarcely avoidable outcome of our having successfully organised “liquid” investment markets. It is usually agreed that casinos should, in the public interest, be inaccessible and expensive. And perhaps the same is true of Stock Exchanges.... The introduction of a substantial Government transfer tax on all transactions might prove the most serviceable reform available, with a view to mitigating the predominance of speculation over enterprise in the United States.... The fact that each individual investor flatters himself that his commitment is “liquid” (though this cannot be true for all investors collectively) calms his nerves and makes him much more willing to run a risk. If individual purchases of investments were rendered illiquid, this might seriously impede new investment.... So long as it is open to the individual to employ his wealth in hoarding or lending money, the alternative of purchasing actual capital assets cannot be rendered sufficiently attractive (especially to the man who does not manage the capital assets and knows very little about them), except by organising markets wherein these assets can be easily realised for money.... The crises of confidence... afflict the economic life of the modern world... [as] the individual... more than usually assailed by doubts... perplexity... [between] consumption and... investment... its being open to him, when thus assailed by doubts, to spend his income neither on the one nor on the other.
Those who have emphasised the social dangers of the hoarding of money have, of course, had something similar to the above in mind. But they have overlooked the possibility that the phenomenon can occur without any change, or at least any commensurate change, in the hoarding of money.
Even apart from the instability due to speculation, there is the instability due to the characteristic of human nature that a large proportion of our positive activities depend on spontaneous optimism rather than on a mathematical expectation, whether moral or hedonistic or economic. Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as a result of animal spirits—of a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities. Enterprise only pretends to itself to be mainly actuated by the statements in its own prospectus, however candid and sincere. Only a little more than an expedition to the South Pole, is it based on an exact calculation of benefits to come. Thus if the animal spirits are dimmed and the spontaneous optimism falters, leaving us to depend on nothing but a mathematical expectation, enterprise will fade and die;—though fears of loss may have a basis no more reasonable than hopes of profit had before.
It is safe to say that enterprise which depends on hopes stretching into the future benefits the community as a whole. But individual initiative will only be adequate when reasonable calculation is supplemented and supported by animal spirits, so that the thought of ultimate loss which often overtakes pioneers, as experience undoubtedly tells us and them, is put aside as a healthy man puts aside the expectation of death.
This means, unfortunately, not only that slumps and depressions are exaggerated in degree, but that economic prosperity is excessively dependent on a political and social atmosphere which is congenial to the average business man. If the fear of a Labour Government or a New Deal depresses enterprise, this need not be the result either of a reasonable calculation or of a plot with political intent;—it is the mere consequence of upsetting the delicate balance of spontaneous optimism. In estimating the prospects of investment, we must have regard, therefore, to the nerves and hysteria and even the digestions and reactions to the weather of those upon whose spontaneous activity it largely depends.
We should not conclude from this that everything depends on waves of irrational psychology. On the contrary, the state of long-term expectation is often steady, and, even when it is not, the other factors exert their compensating effects. We are merely reminding ourselves that human decisions affecting the future, whether personal or political or economic, cannot depend on strict mathematical expectation, since the basis for making such calculations does not exist; and that it is our innate urge to activity which makes the wheels go round, our rational selves choosing between the alternatives as best we are able, calculating where we can, but often falling back for our motive on whim or sentiment or chance...
#shouldread #johnmaynardkeynes #books #behavioral #finance #monetaryeconomics | <urn:uuid:525fe33b-34c3-489d-a51d-5b3c88481e2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bradford-delong.com/2018/10/the-must-read-of-must-reads-on-the-links-between-behavioral-finance-and-macro-john-maynard-keynes-1936-_the-state-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949732 | 1,346 | 2.265625 | 2 |
J.S. Bach’s cantatas dedicated to the rulers of Lithuania and Poland
Tuesday 9 June, 19:00, Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Vilnius
WROCŁAW BAROQUE ORCHESTRA (Poland)
Artistic Director JAROSLAW THIEL
KATHERINE MANLEY, IWONA LEŚNIOWSKA-LUBOWICZ, ALDONA BARTNIK (sopranos)
KATALIN KAROLYI, MARKÉTA CUKROVÁ, PIOTR OLECH (altos)
NICHOLAS MULROY, MACIEJ GOCMAN, KAROL KOZŁOWSKI (tenors)
HUGO OLIVEIRA, JAROMÍR NOSEK, JERZY BUTRYN (basses)
Conductor ANDRZEJ KOSENDIAK (Poland)
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH – Cantatas:
Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten!, BWV 214
Laß, Fürstin, laß noch einen Strahl (Trauer-Ode), BWV 198
Schleicht, spielende Wellen, BWV 206
The National Forum of Music, Wrocław Baroque Orchestra, soloists and conductor Andrzej Kosendiak bring special programme to the Vilnius Festival featuring Johann Sebastian Bach’s (1685–1750) so-called Polish cantatas composed in Leipzig and dedicated to Augustus III, the then ruler of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Prince-Elector of Saxony, his spouse and the Queen Mother. With his secular cantatas Bach paid tribute to the Wettin Dynasty, one of the oldest ruler dynasties in Europe.
Cantata (funeral ode) Laß, Fürstin, laß noch einen Strahl (Let, Princess, let still one more glance) was composed in 1727 to the memory of Christiane Eberhardine, the king’s mother. Bach wrote Tönet, ihr Pauken! Erschallet, Trompeten! (Resound, ye drums! Ring out, ye trumpets!, 1733) to honour the 34th birthday of Maria Josepha, the Queen of Poland and Electress of Saxony, while cantata Schleicht, spielende Wellen, und murmelt gelinde (Glide, O sparkling waves and murmur softly,1736) – the birthday of Augustus III of Poland.
Wrocław Baroque Orchestra was founded in 2006 by conductor Andrzej Kosendiak, General Director of Wrocław Philharmonic. The ensemble is Poland’s only baroque orchestra performing on period instruments. It is regularly invited to appear in various festivals including Wratislavia Cantans, Mozartiana, Ludwig van Beethoven Easter Festival, Uckermärkische Musikwochen, and Poznań Baroque; collaborates with Collegium Vocale Gent, Cantus Cölln and Taverner Consort. | <urn:uuid:79d716b5-70d4-4e1c-bdfe-367c101a3971> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vilniusfestivals.lt/en/festival-event/j-s-bachs-cantatas-dedicated-to-the-rulers-of-lithuania-and-poland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.700659 | 729 | 1.617188 | 2 |
In interviews with WSWS reporters, workers and youth in a number of cities expressed anger over the grand jury exoneration of the police officer who murdered Michael Brown.
In New York City, thousands of protesters assembled for a second night in Manhattan’s Union Square and carried signs that condemned the failure to indict Daren Wilson. They chanted, “Hands up, don’t shoot” and “No justice, no peace.”
One group of several hundred marched to Times Square where they chanted, “Send the racist cop to jail,” knocked over police barricades, and blocked traffic for fifteen minutes. Police helicopters followed the march while other police followed on motorcycles.
Those who protested were mostly young people, including many students from local universities.
“It is crazy. I see videos of this stuff on Facebook all the time and they are pretty gruesome,” said Luis, a high school student, speaking about police brutality. “Police take out batons or guns after the person gave up.
“Some people are saying we are going to have martial law and I sort of agree. People should protest peacefully but the way the police are reacting is way out of hand. The police are acting like people have AK-47s or M4s. In August, I saw police pulling guns on completely peaceful protests.”
Oscar Rivera, a senior at the New School, said, “Every level of government messed up and I just hope everything wasn’t in vain. People need to mobilize and fight for a change. These issues have a long history. We were founded on certain people being unequal, with slavery and exploitation. Now police oppression is institutionalized in a way that it was not before.”
Jasmine, a student from New York University, told us, “I wasn’t surprised at the verdict at all. There is an epidemic of police violence, and it’s not just in the United States. It happens in Venezuela and in Mexico with the murder of the student teachers. The police feel that they have authority and that they can use it however they want. The Ferguson police brought in weapons of war against peaceful demonstrators. It’s nothing but intimidation. I think they are drunk with power.”
In Detroit, Darryl Clay, a law student, told the WSWS, “I feel that with the decision last night they are saying it is legal to execute black people.
“It was evident Michael Brown did not have a weapon,” he continued. “All of a sudden he is mowed down. It is happening across the country. It is just lucky we have cell phones to capture these incidents.”
Andre, a railroad worker, said, “I came down today in support of Michael Brown. I was not surprised by the grand jury decision. These police shootings have been happening for a long time.
“I feel that it is fundamentally about class. However, the news media is trying to present it as black against white. The media is really fueling that perception. Obama is basically a puppet. He does what he is told.”
“The decision was wrong,” said Sandy, a retired Detroit Public Schools worker. “You shoot a person six times and it’s self-explanatory that the cop should be indicted. I remember what it was like being chased by the cops in the 1970s because I was a teenager with a big Afro. It’s happening all over.”
A car designer said, “This is happening all over. In New York, the police killed Eric Garner; he had no weapons and he told them he couldn’t breathe. But they chocked him to death. What if that was your son, brother or father?”
Marsalis, a student at Oakland Community College, said, “This is very wrong. They left his body outside on the ground for four hours. The police are enforcing the law unevenly. They are repressing people.
“This is about inequality. It seems like black youth are being targeted. I read that a black youth is killed by the police every 28 hours. But this is not just about race. It is the ruling class against the working class. American democracy does not exist.”
In Ann Arbor, Michigan, a crowd of 400 to 500 people assembled on the central campus of the University of Michigan. It was one of the largest demonstrations at the university since the run-up to the Iraq war in 2003. The rally was followed by a march to the city hall building, where a vigil was held for Aura Rosser, a woman shot dead by police in Ann Arbor two weeks ago.
“The Ferguson grand jury decision adds insult to injury,” said William Royster, a senior in engineering from Kalamazoo. “We know the status of the black community. The grand jury decision shows that the problem is systemic; if there ever was a case that we had them against the wall, it was this one. People go to trial for stealing cookies. In this case, we had a man who was shot six times. It should have gone to trial.”
William said protests were understandable but not enough. “There are no consequences, nothing truly inconvenient to the system comes from demonstrating. We can riot, we can march, but we are aware that this won’t change things.”
Asia, a senior majoring in neuroscience, said she was disgusted, “but not surprised” by the grand jury decision or police response. “It’s happened before and it is happening again. It took so long for them to announce a ruling, as if they were dragging it out, getting people’s hopes up and trying to present it as a legitimate process.”
In Portland, Oregon, Christian, 25, joined a demonstration at Portland State University. “Before this happened in Ferguson, I didn’t want armed police on campus,” he said. “Now I really don’t want it. It would be a step toward militarizing the university.
“It’s unfair that Wilson was set free without charges. It seemed like it wasn’t even an issue of if they would charge him but what they would tell people when they didn’t.”
Riley, 21, also at the Portland State demonstration, said, “It’s pretty upsetting that he’s not paying. He should be in jail.”
A young man who preferred not to be identified told the WSWS that he had earlier studied to be a police officer, and that many officers are hired directly out of the military. “Of course they have military equipment; they are the military, that’s what they want,” he said, adding that many suffer from the trauma of combat overseas and have not been reacclimatized to civilian life.
Four to five hundred demonstrators gathered in Minneapolis, Minnesota on Tuesday to voice their opposition to the grand jury decision. While demonstrators gathered at the University of Minnesota in the midafternoon, a larger group met in front of a police station on the corner of Minnehaha Avenue and Lake Street. Police responded to the demonstrations by cordoning off surface streets in the surrounding area. One woman was injured as a car drove through a group of protesters who had gathered in the intersection.
In the aftermath of the Brown decision, the Minneapolis Police Department warned demonstrators that they were prepared to crack down. While hypocritically announcing that the police would intervene “to keep demonstrators and the general public safe,” Police Chief Janee Harteau also said the department would maintain “a safe and secure city while respecting private property.”
A group of students from South High School told the WSWS that students at their school had staged a walkout and had received wide support from teachers and fellow students.
“We were going to hold a sit-in for four hours to symbolize the time Michael Brown’s body was in the street,” said Brigie, who explained that students then agreed to join the afternoon’s scheduled demonstration.
“We walked out to unite the youth and to be peaceful, and to come together for democratic rights. We want to be in solidarity with the people of Ferguson,” Brigie added.
Jacob, another South High student, said they were demonstrating in Minneapolis because “injustice somewhere affects the rights of people everywhere.”
Another student said, “It has become legal in this country for police to kill.”
Tyler, a custodian, said Darren Wilson was “an agent of the state.” The police and the state, he said, “have a symbiotic relationship, and that’s why they protected him. While race was probably an element, the main thing is that poor people are being oppressed equally.”
A food truck driver named Van said the police killing in Ferguson was “a brick in the wall,” implying these types of killings take place on a regular basis.
Two to three hundred people, including many students from the University of Wisconsin, rallied in Madison, the capital of Wisconsin, which saw major protests against attacks on workers’ rights in 2011.
Protesters chanted, “Hands up, don’t shoot” and “Black lives matter.” Signs read “Jobs not jails,” Surplus tanks, no thanks,” and “Stop the racist killer cops.”
One student speaker said, “The Democrats have not done anything for us, both the Democrats and the Republicans.”
Claire, an unemployed young woman, told the WSWS, “I came to be part of an important moment in history. It is affecting lots of people. There is a general sentiment of injustice.”
Harry Richardson is a mail clerk at the University of Wisconsin. “Three years ago the state took away our right to a contract. The killing of Michael Brown and the grand jury decision are a gross injustice. It gives the lie to any meaningful change since Obama. Domestically things are not improved and foreign policy is a copy of the Bush administration. Speaking of militarization of the police, the police in Madison got a tank.”
Roughly 200 people in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania attended a rally Tuesday evening at the University of Pittsburgh. Students and youth made up the majority of those in attendance, joined by a smaller number of workers and professionals. After an hour and a half of rallying, protesters briefly blocked a traffic intersection before police intervened.
Melanie told the WSWS, “My thoughts are that the system is really broken. It is designed to do exactly what it’s been doing. It’s actually successful at oppressing the people and creating a lot of cynicism. We have to change the whole society and start all over again. It is totally impenetrable now. They’ve even passed laws making it impossible to sue law enforcement.”
Joey said, “Whenever someone is killed like this, there is always some hate behind it. People are being killed, they’re being put down and being put into slums—here and all over the world. America always talks about adverse issues around the world when in fact it is creating those conditions.
“We have to organize politically, get the word out, and disturb the system. For example, the media is talking about all of the looters in Ferguson. Well, the system isn’t working for them, so they’re going to break it. They’re being killed there and it’s being ignored by the media. Not by us, though.”
In Washington, DC, on Monday, hundreds gathered in front of the White House to protest the decision not to charge Wilson. On Tuesday, over a thousand protesters marched in the downtown area.
Reporters from the WSWS spoke to Devon, a young writer with family in St. Louis. “There is a culture of segregation in my city that I’m not sure some people understand. When I was ten or eleven years old cops broke into my house attempting to find incriminating evidence on my older brother. When my mom asked [the officers] why they were in our house, they lied to her, saying they had been chasing a suspect who had ran into our house.”
Devon expressed anger over the Obama administration’s sanctioning of Wilson’s exoneration. “It’s not a white and black thing,” he added.
Muhammad, an unemployed worker, also expressed his disgust with the Obama administration. “Why’d he have to send more troops to Iraq?” he asked. “I’ve got friends that have to fight in that war.”
Nearby, in Baltimore, hundreds of protesting students at Morgan State University blocked traffic at a number of intersections. Students at the Maryland College of Art drew murals declaring “R.I.P. Michael Brown” on the street. | <urn:uuid:f1477b47-04b4-4a4c-ac42-e771ec0872b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/11/26/fer2-n26.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977283 | 2,768 | 1.757813 | 2 |
One lesson lasts 60 min or three lessons a week in a block of 90 min each or any other option can be also arranged.
Prices if paid for a week in advance:
General English for children, teenagers and adults
5 lessons a week – £15/Hour (20 lessons/Month = £300)
4 lessons a week – £17/hour (16 lessons/month = £272)
3 lessons a week – £18/hour (12 lessons/month = £216)
2 lessons a week – £19/hour (8 lessons/month = £152)
1 lesson a week – £20/hour (4 lessons/month = £80)
Possible lessons in blocks (90 minutes 2x a week)
Discount for small groups (2-3 students)
IELTS Exam and Cambridge Exams preparation, Business English and
Academic English – £25 / 60 min lesson, possible discount with more than one lesson a week.
Essay correction with detailed comments – £20
Individual price arrangement on request.
Payment is sent via PayPal, Revolut or Bank Transfer
An invoice available on request. | <urn:uuid:b88764fd-e40b-4f8d-b2a6-4465941f80f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://englishforyouonline.club/prices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.861802 | 241 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Scope and Contents
The SmartLevel story gives excellent insight into the life cycle of a small Silicon valley start-up in the 1980s. SmartLevel's creator, Wedge Innovations, established a market for a new product, achieved national distribution, off-shore manufacturing, and product licensing, before going out of business due to pressure from profit-hungry venture capitalists.
The records of Wedge Innovations is a "tool biography" that documents the invention and development of a new hand tool, the SmartLevel, an electronic builder's level first conceived in 1985 by Andrew Butler. The SmartLevel Collection is divided into seven series: Corporate Records, Engineering Records, Financial Records, Marketing Records, Operations Records, Product Development Records, and Corporate Culture, reflecting both the organizational structure of Wedge Innovations and the company's working environment.
Series 1, Corporate Records, 1985-1993, address the overall management of Wedge Innovations and document its policies, especially through the company's annual business plans, 1986-1992, and the monthly reports prepared for the Board of Directors' meetings, 1989-1992. This series also details the workings of each department through weekly departmental reports. The staff meetings files, July-November 1989, February 1990-November 1992, are particularly useful for understanding the day-to-day operation of the company.
Series 2, Engineering Records, 1985-1993, document the design and development of the SmartLevel from its conception in 1985 as the WedgeLevel, through its production as the SmartLevel in 1989, and through its refinement into the Pro SmartLevel and the Series 200 SmartLevel in 1991. The design process is particularly well documented through Andrew Butler's and Kevin Reeder's design notebooks and through the detailed technical drawings done by Butler, Reeder, and Ronald Wisnia. Also well documented are the efforts made to solve the many problems associated with the development and quality control of the electronic sensor module that was the heart of the SmartLevel.
Series 3, Financial Records, 1985-1992, include Wedge's summary financial statements from 1985 to 1992.
Series 4, Marketing Records, 1986-1992, document customer and dealer relations through marketing department correspondence, operational records, and advertising campaigns. This series is particularly rich in promotional material (1988-1992), such as advertisements, advertising copy, photographs, product promotion plans, and videotapes that demonstrate the varied features and uses of the products.
Series 5, Operations Records, 1990-1993, document the manufacturing process and the Company's offshore operations.
Series 6, Product Development Records, 1986-1993, document the company's intended development of an entire "Smart Tools" line.
Series 7, Corporate Culture, 1985-1996, contains employee photographs and oral history interviews with key Wedge personnel conducted in 1995 and 1996 by David Shayt, Division of Work and Industry, National Museum of American History. The interviews discuss the background of the participants, the company's origins and history, product development, the Silicon Valley context, and the efforts of Wedge Innovations successor firm, SmartTool Technologies. | <urn:uuid:71999180-1572-43c3-b0b1-261483472ea5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sova.si.edu/record/NMAH.AC.0534?s=60&n=10&t=C&q=Forms+and+Objects+%28Firm%29&i=66 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.913303 | 622 | 1.789063 | 2 |
- Schedule of Classes - June 10, 2022 7:44AM EDT
- Course Catalog - June 9, 2022 7:14PM EDT
Course information provided by the Courses of Study 2021-2022.
This production seminar is for students with basic documentary filmmaking skills who want to work with previously collected footage and/or are in production on a project in or around Ithaca. Over the course of the semester, students complete a documentary film based on an immersive engagement with their selected subject matter. Alongside watching and discussing relevant texts and films, students will complete exercises to help them focus their projects, build a cohesive narrative, learn script writing, brainstorm scene ideas, overcome narrative challenges, discover their aesthetic, and develop a film circulation plan. Students will regularly present new footage and scenes and explain their work in terms their goals for the final project. The course culminates in a public screening of students' independent video projects.
When Offered Spring.
Fees Course fee: $150; cost of materials: TBA (students must purchase additional supplies and materials; est. $200).
Prerequisites/Corequisites Prerequisite: completed a documentary production fundamentals or introduction to documentary course and or has acquired basic documentary skills.
Credits and Grading Basis
4 Credits Graded(Letter grades only)
Class Number & Section Details
- M Schwartz Ctr-Perform Arts SB12
- Jan 24 - May 10, 2022
Instruction Mode: In Person
Instructor Consent Required (Add)
Or send this URL: | <urn:uuid:751e9cbb-b742-49a5-b3be-15cde48242d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classes.cornell.edu/browse/roster/SP22/class/PMA/7401 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906865 | 357 | 1.710938 | 2 |
- For back pain, better to see your osteopath sooner than later.
- Take regular exercise – your osteopath can say what’s right for you.
- Hours in one position can cause problems – avoid ‘computer hump’.
- During repetitive tasks, vary your rhythm and take frequent breaks.
- Adjust car seats and on long journeys, take regular breaks to stretch.
- Pace yourself with heavy work like gardening.
- Watch children’s posture – they shouldn’t carry bags on one shoulder or spend too long at a computer, games console etc. without breaks.
- During pregnancy, osteopathy can help your body adjust to changes.
- Avoid strain when lifting, particularly small children and shopping.
- Your bed could be part of the problem. Seek osteopathic advice on choosing a new one.
The Westminster Hospital’s : TWENTY TIPS TO MANAGE STRESS
Physical activity -cycle, swim, walk
Practise deep breathing
Talk to someone you trust
Accept what you cannot change
Avoid self medication: cigarettes, alcohol, coffee, tranquillisers
Get enough sleep. Be aware when you are tired and take steps to rest and refresh yourself
Take time out to play
Do something for others
Do jobs one at a time
Agree with someone for a change
Examine how you manage your time and set a timetable – don’t overload it
If you are sick don’t try to pretend you are not
Develop an absorbing hobby
Remember the answer lies with you
Eat sensibly: fresh fruit and vegetables; wholemeal bread and pasta; wholegrain
cereals; cut down on fatty sugary foods
Take time to relax daily
Don’t be afraid to say ‘no’
Delegate to colleagues, family and friends
Be realistic about perfection and what you can achieve
Recognise that you are a person of worth – a unique individual with valuable
qualities that are continually being developed and SMILE!
We hope the above is helpful.
Another great site that we recommend is the NHS Choices Website, have a look at this interesting page . | <urn:uuid:e73a70e4-a415-4a1a-b38e-6e33be435740> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osteopaths-online.co.uk/portfolio-category/interesting-articles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.894606 | 454 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Boston is an amazing place to go to college. Thousands of students from every corner of the world come here to experience all the city has to offer every year. BU students especially love to frequent Boston’s famous North End, Newbury Street and Boston Common, but there are many parts of the city that go unseen by the vast majority of students and visitors. In this series, we’re writing about the Boston neighborhoods outside of the BU bubble that are just as worthy of exploration as downtown and the Back Bay.
Beacon Hill is a Boston neighborhood often talked about, but seldom visited for more than a short period of time. Sure, Boston University students will head to Beacon Hill on occasion to walk along Acorn Street and snap a photo of one of the historic colonial-era brick rowhouses. But there is a lot more packed into Beacon Hill than most people assume. Charles Street is home to some great local stores and restaurants that are often overlooked. There are some great attractions tucked away on unsuspecting streets throughout the neighborhood. The best thing to do would be to simply get out and explore the area, but here are a few ideas to get you started.
To start, a visit to each of the three Harrison Gray Otis Houses will give you an overview of the area. The three houses were built for the famous Massachusetts senator and mayor of Boston, Harrison Gray Otis. They were built by one of the earliest well-known American architects, Charles Bulfinch. A walk between these three homes, which serve as a great example of federal architecture, will give you a feel for what the area has to offer. The first of the three homes is open for tours, although it is technically located in the West End, not Beacon Hill.
The Black Heritage Trail winds through Beacon Hill with stops at places important in black American history. The African Meeting House and the Robert Gould Shaw and Massachusetts 54th Regiment Memorial, dedicated to the first black regiment in the Union Army, are both important sites along the trail, which will also help you explore the area.
If you’re hungry, stop by The Paramount. Open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. every day, and serving everything from pancakes and eggs at breakfast to pasta and tacos for dinner, the Paramount has been feeding hungry folks in Beacon Hill since 1937.
When you’re done grabbing a bite to eat, a walk down Charles Street will offer you a great opportunity to get some shopping in. North River Outfitter has two locations on Charles Street, with one location focussed on classic, preppy men’s and women’s clothing and accessories, while the other (NRO Sport) will outfit you for any athletic activity from running to skiing. Both shops offer excellent customer service and a unique offering of goods.
Charles Street and the streets stemming from it are home to many shops and restaurants.
This is a great place to start your venture around Beacon Hill — and the neighborhood surely won’t disappoint. | <urn:uuid:14d43576-965d-42fb-af05-f68e70b3ac70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.dailyfreepress.com/2017/11/30/neighborhood-spotlight-beacon-hill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970849 | 615 | 1.625 | 2 |
In this quick tutorial you'll learn how to draw a Pine Marten in 7 easy steps - great for kids and novice artists.
The images above represents how your finished drawing is going to look and the steps involved.
Below are the individual steps - you can click on each one for a High Resolution printable PDF version.
At the bottom you can read some interesting facts about the Pine Marten.
Make sure you also check out any of the hundreds of drawing tutorials grouped by category.
How to Draw a Pine Marten - Step-by-Step Tutorial
Step 1: To start drawing your Pine Martin you will first want to draw the head. To create the head, draw a circle with three elongated points, two at the top and one at the bottom.
Step 2: Next you will want to add facial features. Draw circles for both the eyes and the nose. Add lines to these areas to show the mouth and eye shape. Add the inside of the ears with a triangle shape.
Step 3: Now you will need to draw the body. Draw a straight line coming out from the back of the head and a straight line coming down from the bottom of the head.
Step 4: The next step is to draw the front leg. Draw a front paw with three points on the bottom to represent the claws.
Step 5: Next you will need to draw the abdomen and the other front leg. To draw the abdomen, draw a straight line coming out from the front leg. Now add another front paw similar to the first coming out of the abdomen.
Step 6: Now you will need to draw the hind leg by drawing two curved lines, one coming from the middle of the body and the other from the back. Connect them together t the bottom by drawing a paw.
Step 7: Draw the other hind leg my drawing a semi circle showing from behind the other hind leg. Your Pine Marten is now complete.
Interesting Facts about the PINE MARTEN
The Pine Marten is a member of the weasel family and the scientific term for them is Martes martes. Other common names for this species are the European Pine Marten, Pineten, Baum Marten, or Sweet Marten. They are related to the mink, otter, badger, and wolverine, except they are about the size of a domestic cat and have retractable claws. They are brown with a cream color around their throat area.
Did you know?
- The animal was first documented in 1758.
- This is almost 2 feet long.
- They can live over 18 years in captivity.
- There is about 1 foot of tail length.
- This species can weigh up to over 3 pounds.
Their preferred habitat is in a wooded area, where they make a home out of a hollow tree or under a bush in a field. They run very well and climb trees with high efficiency, and are mostly nocturnal. This creature eats small mammals, birds, insects, frogs, berries, eggs, nuts, honey, and animals that have already been dead. Threats include the fox and eagle. Since there are so few of these creatures, they are the least concern for a possibility of extinction. | <urn:uuid:ecfb4ece-2bf2-4e73-9538-cee618c0462a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wedrawanimals.com/how-to-draw-a-pine-marten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929483 | 668 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Hegde Request for Comments: 7777 Juniper Networks, Inc. Category: Standards Track R. Shakir ISSN: 2070-1721 Jive Communications, Inc. A. Smirnov Cisco Systems, Inc. Z. Li Huawei Technologies B. Decraene Orange March 2016 Advertising Node Administrative Tags in OSPF
AbstractThis document describes an extension to the OSPF protocol to add an optional operational capability that allows tagging and grouping of the nodes in an OSPF domain. This allows simplification, ease of management and control over route and path selection based on configured policies. This document describes an extension to the OSPF protocol to advertise node administrative tags. The node tags can be used to express and apply locally defined network policies, which are a very useful operational capability. Node tags may be used by either OSPF itself or other applications consuming information propagated via OSPF. This document describes the protocol extensions to disseminate node administrative tags to the OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 protocol. It provides example use cases of administrative node tags. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7777.
Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. OSPF Node Admin Tag TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. TLV Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Elements of Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2.1. Interpretation of Node Administrative Tags . . . . . 4 2.2.2. Use of Node Administrative Tags . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.3. Processing Node Administrative Tag Changes . . . . . 6 3. Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1. Service Auto-Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2. Fast-Rerouting Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3. Controlling Remote LFA Tunnel Termination . . . . . . . . 8 3.4. Mobile Backhaul Network Service Deployment . . . . . . . 8 3.5. Explicit Routing Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. Manageability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
LFA-MANAGE]. This document provides mechanisms to advertise node administrative tags in OSPF for route and path selection. Route and path selection functionality applies to both TE and non-TE applications; hence, a new TLV for carrying node administrative tags is included in Router Information (RI) Link State Advertisement (LSA) [RFC7770]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. RFC7770] can have flooding scope at the link, area, or Autonomous System (AS) level. The choice of what scope at which to flood the group tags is a matter of local policy. It is expected that node administrative tag values will not be portable across administrative domains. The TLV specifies one or more administrative tag values. An OSPF node advertises the set of groups it is part of in the OSPF domain (for example, all PE nodes are configured with a certain tag value, and all P nodes are configured with a different tag value in the domain). Multiple TLVs MAY be added in same RI LSA or in a different instance of the RI LSA as defined in [RFC7770].
RFC7770] defines the RI LSA, which may be used to advertise properties of the originating router. The payload of the RI LSA consists of one or more nested Type/Length/Value (TLV) triplets. Node administrative tags are advertised in the Node Admin Tag TLV. The format of the Node Admin Tag TLV is: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Administrative Tag #1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Administrative Tag #2 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // // +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Administrative Tag #N | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 1: OSPF Node Admin Tag TLV Type: 10 Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the value portion in octets and will be a multiple of 4 octets dependent on the number of tags advertised. Value: A set of administrative tags. Each tag is a 32-bit integer value. At least one tag MUST be carried if this TLV is included in the RI LSA.
Interpretation of tag values is specific to the administrative domain of a particular network operator; hence, tag values SHOULD NOT be propagated outside the administrative domain to which they apply. The meaning of a node administrative tag is defined by the network local policy and is controlled via the configuration. If a receiving node does not understand the tag value or does not have a local policy corresponding to the tag, it ignores the specific tag and floods the RI LSA without any change as defined in [RFC7770]. The semantics of the tag order has no meaning. That is, there is no implied meaning to the ordering of the tags that indicates a certain operation or set of operations that need to be performed based on the ordering. Each tag must be treated as an independent identifier that may be used in the policy to perform a policy action. Each tag carried by the Node Admin Tag TLV should be used to indicate a characteristic of a node that is independent of the characteristics indicated by other administrative tags. The administrative-tag list within the TLV MUST be considered an unordered list. While policies may be implemented based on the presence of multiple tags (e.g., if tag A AND tag B are present), they MUST NOT be reliant upon the order of the tags (i.e., all policies should be considered commutative operations, such that tag A preceding or following tag B does not change their outcome). RFC7770]. Being part of the RI LSA, the Node Admin Tag TLV must be reasonably small and stable. In particular, implementations supporting node administrative tags MUST NOT be used to convey attributes of the routing topology or associate tags with changes in the network topology (both within and outside the OSPF domain) or reachability of routes.
RFC5286] poses operation and management challenges. [LFA-MANAGE] proposes policies which, when implemented, will ease LFA operation concerns. One of the proposed refinements is to be able to group the nodes in an IGP domain with administrative tags and engineer the LFA based on configured policies. (a) Administrative limitation of LFA scope Service provider access infrastructure is frequently designed in a layered approach with each layer of devices serving different purposes and thus having different hardware capabilities and configured software features. When LFA repair paths are being computed, it may be desirable to exclude devices from being considered as LFA candidates based on their layer. For example, if the access infrastructure is divided into the Access, Distribution, and Core layers, it may be desirable for a Distribution device to compute LFA only via Distribution or Core devices but not via Access devices. This may be due to features enabled on Access routers, due to capacity limitations, or due to the security requirements. Managing such a policy via configuration of the router computing LFA is cumbersome and error prone. With the node administrative tags, it is possible to assign a tag to each layer and implement LFA policy of computing LFA repair paths only via neighbors that advertise the Core or Distribution tag. This requires minimal per-node configuration and the network automatically adapts when new links or routers are added. (b) LFA calculation optimization Calculation of LFA paths may require significant resources of the router. One execution of Dijkstra's algorithm is required for each neighbor eligible to become the next hop of repair paths. Thus, a router with a few hundred neighbors may need to execute the algorithm hundreds of times before the best (or even valid) repair path is found. Manually excluding from the calculation neighbors that are known to provide no valid LFA (such as single- connected routers) may significantly reduce the number of Dijkstra algorithm runs.
LFA calculation policy may be configured so that routers advertising certain tag values are excluded from LFA calculation, even if they are otherwise suitable. RFC7490] defined a method of tunneling traffic to extend the basic LFA coverage after connection failure of a link and defined an algorithm to find tunnel tail-end routers meeting the LFA requirement. In most cases, the proposed algorithm finds more than one candidate tail-end router. In a real-life network, it may be desirable to exclude some nodes from the list of candidates based on the local policy. This may be either due to known limitations of the node (the router does not accept the targeted LDP sessions required to implement remote LFA tunneling) or due to administrative requirements (for example, it may be desirable to choose the tail-end router among colocated devices). The node administrative tag delivers a simple and scalable solution. Remote LFA can be configured with a policy to accept only routers advertising a certain tag as candidates during the tail-end router calculation. Tagging routers allows both exclusion of nodes not capable of serving as remote LFA tunnel tail ends and definition of a region from which a tail-end router must be selected.
---------------- / \ / \ / \ +------+ +----+ Access +----+ |eNodeB|---|CSG1| Ring 1 |ASG1|------------ +------+ +----+ +----+ \ \ / \ \ / +----+ +---+ \ +----+ |RSG1|----|RNC| -------------| | Aggregate +----+ +---+ |ASG2| Ring | -------------| | +----+ +---+ / +----+ |RSG2|----|RNC| / \ +----+ +---+ / \ / +------+ +----+ Access +----+ / |eNodeB|---|CSG2| Ring 2 |ASG3|----------- +------+ +----+ +----+ \ / \ / \ / ----------------- Figure 2: Mobile Backhaul Network A typical mobile backhaul network with access rings and aggregate links is shown in the figure above. The mobile backhaul networks deploy traffic engineering due to strict Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The TE paths may have additional constraints to avoid passing via different access rings or to get completely disjoint backup TE paths. The mobile backhaul networks towards the access side change frequently due to the growing mobile traffic and addition of new eNodeBs. It's complex to satisfy the requirements using cost, link color, or explicit path configurations. The node administrative tag defined in this document can be effectively used to solve the problem for mobile backhaul networks. The nodes in different rings can be assigned with specific tags. TE path computation can be enhanced to consider additional constraints based on node administrative tags.
distances between transit nodes, and different roles). Hence, between a given source and destination, a path is typically preferred over the others, while between the same source and another destination, a different path may be preferred. +----------------------+ +----------------+ | \ / | | +-----------------+ x +---------+ | | | \/ \/ | | | | +-T-10-T | | | | / | /| | | | | / 100 / | | | | | / | | 100 | | | | / +-+-+ | | | | | / / | | | | | | / / R-18-R | | | | 10 10 /\ /\ | | | | / / / \ / \ | | | | / / / x \ | | | | / / 10 10 \ \ | | | | / / / / 10 10 | | | | / / / / \ \ | | | | A-25-A A-25-A A-25-A | | | | | | \ \ / / | | | | | | 201 201 201 201 | | | | | | \ \ / / | | | | 201 201 \ x / | | | | | | \ / \ / | | | | | | \/ \/ | | | | I-24-I I-24-I 100 100 | | / / | | | | | +-+ / | +-----------+ | +---------+ +---------------------+ Figure 3: Explicit Routing topology In the above topology, an operator may want to enforce the following high-level explicit routing policies: o Traffic from A nodes to A nodes should preferably go through R or T nodes (rather than through I nodes); o Traffic from A nodes to I nodes must not go through R and T nodes. With node admin tags, tag A (resp. I, R, T) can be configured on all A (resp. I, R, T) nodes to advertise their role. The first policy is about preferring one path over another. Given the chosen metrics, it is achieved with regular SPF routing. The second policy is about
prohibiting (pruning) some paths. It requires an explicit routing policy. With the use of node tags, this may be achieved with a generic Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) policy configured on A nodes: for destination nodes, having the tag "A" runs a CSPF with the exclusion of nodes having the tag "I". RFC2328] and [RFC5340], OSPF authentication mechanisms do not provide confidentiality and the information carried in node administrative tags could be leaked to an IGP snooper. Confidentiality for the OSPF control packets can be achieved by either running OSPF on top of IP Security (IPsec) tunnels or by applying IPsec-based security mechanisms as described in [RFC4552]. Advertisement of tag values for one administrative domain into another risks misinterpretation of the tag values (if the two domains have assigned different meanings to the same values), which may have undesirable and unanticipated side effects. [RFC4593] and [RFC6863] discuss the generic threats to routing protocols and OSPF, respectively. These security threats are also applicable to the mechanisms described in this document. OSPF authentication described in [RFC2328] and [RFC5340] or extended authentication mechanisms described in [RFC7474] or [RFC7166] SHOULD be used in deployments where attackers have access to the physical networks and nodes included in the OSPF domain are vulnerable. RFC5130] and BGP communities [RFC1997]. Operational discipline and procedures followed in configuring and using BGP communities and IS-IS prefix tags is also applicable to the usage of node administrative tags. Defining language for local policies is outside the scope of this document. As is the case of other policy applications, the pruning policies can cause the path to be completely removed from forwarding plane, and hence have the potential for more severe operational impact (e.g., node unreachability due to path removal) by comparison to preference policies that only affect path selection.
OSPF-YANG] and the routing policy configuration model is described in [RTG-POLICY]. These two documents will be enhanced to include the configurations related to the node administrative tag. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, DOI 10.17487/RFC2328, April 1998, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2328>. [RFC5340] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPF for IPv6", RFC 5340, DOI 10.17487/RFC5340, July 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5340>. [RFC7490] Bryant, S., Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Shand, M., and N. So, "Remote Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) Fast Reroute (FRR)", RFC 7490, DOI 10.17487/RFC7490, April 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7490>. [RFC7770] Lindem, A., Ed., Shen, N., Vasseur, JP., Aggarwal, R., and S. Shaffer, "Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional Router Capabilities", RFC 7770, DOI 10.17487/RFC7770, February 2016, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7770>.
[LFA-MANAGE] Litkowski, S., Decraene, B., Filsfils, C., Raza, K., Horneffer, M., and P. Sarkar, "Operational management of Loop Free Alternates", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-rtgwg- lfa-manageability-11, June 2015. [OSPF-YANG] Yeung, D., Qu, Y., Zhang, J., Bogdanovic, D., and K. Koushik, "Yang Data Model for OSPF Protocol", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-ospf-yang-03, October 2015. [RFC1997] Chandra, R., Traina, P., and T. Li, "BGP Communities Attribute", RFC 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC1997, August 1996, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1997>. [RFC4552] Gupta, M. and N. Melam, "Authentication/Confidentiality for OSPFv3", RFC 4552, DOI 10.17487/RFC4552, June 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4552>. [RFC4593] Barbir, A., Murphy, S., and Y. Yang, "Generic Threats to Routing Protocols", RFC 4593, DOI 10.17487/RFC4593, October 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4593>. [RFC5130] Previdi, S., Shand, M., Ed., and C. Martin, "A Policy Control Mechanism in IS-IS Using Administrative Tags", RFC 5130, DOI 10.17487/RFC5130, February 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5130>. [RFC5286] Atlas, A., Ed. and A. Zinin, Ed., "Basic Specification for IP Fast Reroute: Loop-Free Alternates", RFC 5286, DOI 10.17487/RFC5286, September 2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5286>. [RFC6863] Hartman, S. and D. Zhang, "Analysis of OSPF Security According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guide", RFC 6863, DOI 10.17487/RFC6863, March 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6863>. [RFC7166] Bhatia, M., Manral, V., and A. Lindem, "Supporting Authentication Trailer for OSPFv3", RFC 7166, DOI 10.17487/RFC7166, March 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7166>.
[RFC7474] Bhatia, M., Hartman, S., Zhang, D., and A. Lindem, Ed., "Security Extension for OSPFv2 When Using Manual Key Management", RFC 7474, DOI 10.17487/RFC7474, April 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7474>. [RTG-POLICY] Shaikh, A., Shakir, R., D'Souza, K., and C. Chase, "Routing Policy Configuration Model for Service Provider Networks", Work in Progress, draft-ietf-rtgwg-policy- model-00, September 2015. | <urn:uuid:8e0a791f-bec3-4db4-b910-9745a98fb88e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tech-invite.com/y75/tinv-ietf-rfc-7777.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.796384 | 4,974 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Palmer E., Hatcher R., McGuire J. et al.
Substance Use and Misuse: 2011, 46, p. 1072–1080.
Unable to obtain a copy by clicking title? Try asking the author for a reprint by adapting this prepared e-mail or by writing to Dr Palmer at firstname.lastname@example.org. You could also try this alternative source.
From the early 2000s cognitive-behavioural group therapy programmes have been relied on to improve the anti-offending record of UK probation services. Now the first independent evaluation of the main programme for substance users has found no impact on reconviction even among offenders who completed the 20 sessions.
Summary Criminal justice strategy in Britain aims to provide evidence-based interventions to convicted offenders to reduce their substance use and offending. The Addressing Substance-Related Offending (ASRO) programme is one such intervention, nationally accredited By the Correctional Services Accreditation Panel in England and Wales. for use with offenders with a major problem of substance use linked to their offending who are being supervised by probation in the community. It adopts a structured, cognitive-behavioural approach to reducing crime by targeting substance use as one underlying factor. Over 20 two-hour group sessions, the programme aims to enhance motivation to change, strengthen self-control, develop strategies to avoid relapse to problem substance use, and encourage lifestyle change to reduce the risk of a return to substance use and offending. Offenders accepted on to the programme should be at medium to high risk of reoffending and their substance use (though now stabilised) should have been related to their offending or likely to increase the risk that they will reoffend.
ASRO has been widely implemented by probation services in Britain, yet has never been evaluated by research teams independent of the criminal justice system. The featured study aimed to remedy this lack by examining the programme's impact on the chances that an offender would later be reconvicted.
The study sampled 319 male offenders serving community sentences supervised by English and Welsh probation services. Of these offenders, 141 had been required by the court as part of their sentence to attend an ASRO programme, of whom 41 (29%) completed it. Another 178 offenders formed a comparison group with substance use problems and similar sentences, but without such a requirement. Typically the offenders were in their late 20s and early 30s and had several previous convictions. Acquisitive crime and motoring offences were most commonly the reasons for their current sentence.
For those ordered on to an ASRO programme, official reconviction records were obtained for the year from the last session they attended. For the comparison group, the year started from the date they started their sentence. It was difficult to match individuals in the ASRO group with comparison offenders, so instead it was decided to adjust reconviction outcomes for the ways the groups differed which were associated with their risk of being reconvicted.
Over the follow-up year 164 – just over half – of all the offenders had been reconvicted, again most commonly for acquisitive crime or motoring offences. At 34%, least likely to be reconvicted were the ASRO completers, most likely (72%) ASRO non-completers; in between at 44% was the comparison group. [Editor's note: across all offenders sentenced to ASROs 61% had been reconvicted versus 44% not sentenced to ASROs.]
However, the three groups of offenders differed in various Offenders who completed their ASRO programmes were significantly older than the comparison group. They also scored significantly lower on a set (known as OGRS2) of demographic and criminal history variables related to risk of reconviction than either offenders who did not complete their ASROs or the comparison group. Compared to non-completers, they had significantly fewer previous convictions. The groups also differed in the types of offences they had been sentenced for. The comparison group were, for example, more likely to be motoring offenders and less likely to have been sentenced for theft or handling stolen property, while ASRO completers were more likely to have been sentenced for a violent offence. ways, so these raw results were adjusted for the offender's age, OGRS2 A set of demographic and criminal history variables related to risk of reconviction. score, number of previous convictions, and the type of offence they had been convicted for. After taking these in to account, whether offenders had been sentenced to an ASRO and, if they had, whether they had completed it, was still significantly associated with risk of reconviction. In summary, ASRO non-completers fared substantially and significantly worse than people who completed the programme or had never been referred to an ASRO. In detail, ASRO completers were significantly and substantially less likely to be reconvicted than non-completers but not significantly less likely than offenders in the comparison group. Offenders sentenced to ASROs but who did not complete their programmes were significantly and substantially more likely to be reconvicted than offenders in the comparison group. Similar results were found for the number of days offenders took to be reconvicted.
In this study 29% of offenders sentenced to an ASRO completed it, similar to completion rates for other such programmes at the time of the study. Compared to offenders not sentenced to an ASRO, offenders who had been and who had completed the programme were no less likely to be reconvicted within the following year. Offenders sentenced to an ASRO but who did not complete it were more likely than either to be reconvicted.
That the non-completers had particularly poor reconviction outcomes is in line with previous evaluations, and with research showing that factors related to non-completion of a therapeutic programme are similar to those related to a return to crime. It seems possible that their deeper involvement with substance use (11% had been sentenced for a drug offence compared to 2% of ASRO completers) detracted from their motivation to address this issue and their engagement with the ASRO programme.
However, the fact that programme completers were not reconvicted significantly less often than comparison offenders contrasts with previous research.
Substance using offenders vary in the nature of their substance use and its link with their offending. It could be that the ASRO programme has been insufficiently targeted and that some types of offenders will benefit more from other programmes. The effectiveness of the programme may also be weakened by the fact that offenders are required to attend as part of their court order and can be returned to court if they do not comply. A recent synthesis of relevant studies of offenders in custody and the community found that interventions which the offender volunteered to participate in had significantly greater effects than those the offender had been required to undergo. In particular, measured in terms of effect size, A standard way of expressing the magnitude of a difference (eg, between outcomes in control and intervention groups) applicable to most quantitative data. Enables different measures taken in different studies to be compared or (in meta-analyses) combined. Based on expressing the difference in the average outcomes between control and experimental groups as a proportion of how much the outcome varies across both groups. The most common statistic used to quantify this difference is called Cohen's d. Conventionally this is considered to indicate a small effect when no greater than 0.2, a medium effect when around 0.5, and a large effect when at least 0.8. in the community voluntary treatment (effect size 0.22) had twice the impact on recidivism as required treatment.
commentary In this the first study to compare the subsequent offending of substance using offenders referred versus not referred to an ASRO programme, the most surprising – and for the programme, most damaging – finding is that even offenders who completed the 20 group sessions were reconvicted over the following year no less often (after other factors had been taken in to account) than comparison offenders. In this comparison there can be no 'excuse' that incomplete (as opposed to possibly inadequate) implementation undermined the programme's impact. The complete programme failed to significantly better a sentence which did not include the programme at all, even though it presumably benefited from the likelihood that offenders who completed were relatively stable and committed to staying out of trouble – a so-called 'selection' effect.For several reasons (primarily to with the validity of the contrast with the comparison group; details below), the study is not a definitive verdict on ASRO, but remains a disappointing failure to find expected positive outcomes among those exposed to the full 20 sessions. Other similar programmes also have an unconvincing research record. Unlike the featured study, some studies have found that completers reoffend less often than comparison offenders. However, the acid test of whether crime is reduced across all offenders ordered in to these programmes has yet to be convincingly passed; details below.
While there is no disguising the seriousness of this challenge to ASRO's anti-crime credentials, the absence even of a selection effect casts doubt over the validity of the comparison between ASRO and non-ASRO offenders. Assuming that the differences between ASRO and non-ASRO offenders truly had been statistically ironed out, even if the programme was totally ineffective, we would have expected the select band of completers to have been reconvicted less often than comparison offenders. That this was not found suggests that despite adjustments made for other factors, the comparison group was not really comparable to ASRO-ordered offenders. It also seems conceivable that the non-completers were more often dependent users of drugs like heroin and crack who might have responded better to fully-fledged addiction treatment required by the court as part of a drug rehabilitation order more on comparability issues below.
About the comparison group we are told they had "substance use problems and ... similar sentences" to those required to attend an ASRO programme. How they were selected and the basis on which it was decided that they shared these similarities with the ASRO offenders is not detailed. If they were from the same probation areas, the question arises what caused them not to be sentenced to an ASRO programme when similar offenders were. Perhaps, for example, their substance use problems were relatively mild or they seemed likely to respond to a basic sentence. If they were from areas which did not offer ASRO programmes, comparability is undermined by differences between areas. It is not specified whether the non-ASRO offenders had been referred to an alternative substance use or anti-offending programme which perhaps happened to perform as well as ASRO, or whether they were sentenced to basic probation only. In the former case, the conclusion might be that ASRO is no less effective than other programmes, in the latter, that it is no better than basic probation supervision. Another source of non-comparability is the follow-up window. Over just a year, it might have made a big difference that the clock started for ASRO completers after they had finished 20 sessions, but for comparison offenders the moment they started their sentences. This presumably meant that the follow-up window was relatively delayed for ASRO completers. It seems likely that had the clock for them also started when their sentence started – meaning the follow-up period would have included the time they were on the programme – their reconviction rate would have been less and possibly significantly bettered the comparison group.
One reason why the ASRO completers were able to finish the programme could have been that they avoided re-arrest, and possibly some non-completers failed to finish because they had been arrested. This would constitute another selection effect favouring the completers. It would also entail a reverse causation – crime causing non-completion, rather than non-completion causing crime. Also, it is not specified whether some of their reconvictions were a consequence of non-completion because they arose from breach of probation conditions rather than new offences. Another possibility alluded to by the authors is that the non-completers were particularly deeply enmeshed in dependent substance use; compared to both other sets of offenders, more had been sentenced for drug offences and more (42%) for theft and handling stolen property, the type of offence typically committed by dependent users in order to fund their drug use.
The ASRO programme is one of several The alternative for higher risk or dependent users is the Offender Substance Abuse Programme (OSAP). accredited to be imposed by courts to address criminogenic substance misuse among offenders being supervised in the community. It is one of a family particularly of cognitive-behavioural programmes which from year 2000 were seen as key elements in the work of the emerging national probation service. Surveyed early in 2008, 16 of the 41 probation authorities in England and Wales said they offered the programme. ASRO seems most often used for offenders whose offending is related to use of drugs like heroin and cocaine, but is also considered suitable for higher risk or dependent drinkers.
Though in theory the panel which (among other programmes) accredited ASRO required evaluation evidence, in practice this was rarely available within the time scale required to meet government implementation targets. Instead it usually accredited programmes on the basis that they embodied the general principles of 'what works', which largely from North American evidence meant cognitive-behavioural therapeutic methods. Evidence on programmes as implemented in the UK derived largely from studies not capable of determining impacts on offending.
Moreover the panel lacked the means and except for a brief period the remit to ensure high fidelity implementation, leaving open the possibility that if programmes failed to dent reoffending, this was not due to their inherent ineffectiveness, but to poor implementation. A study of probation work in 2008 with drink-related offenders found that probation alcohol leads nationally seemed largely unaware of the level of accredited competence of staff involved in alcohol interventions, and in at least two of the six case study areas staff stressed their lack of alcohol-related training. In West Yorkshire, of all the accredited programmes they were involved with, probation staff were most negative about how well the ASRO programme was delivered in terms of adherence to intended structure, concepts and values.
In its 2008–2011 national drug strategy for offenders, the National Offender Management Service referred to research showing that re-offending rates fall by almost 7% for offenders placed on ASRO-type anti-offending programmes. This may refer to an unpublished Home Office evaluation Hollis V. Reconviction analysis of programme data using Interim Accredited Programmes Software (IAPS). London: RDS NOMS Research and Evaluation, 2007. not specific to the ASRO programme and which lacked a comparison group. Instead it compared predicted reconviction rates for offenders referred to programmes like ASRO with their actual convictions. The results appeared generally positive. Compared to a predicted rate of 61%, just 55% of all offenders were reconvicted within two years, while the reconviction rate for those completing a programme was 38% compared with a predicted rate of 51%. Though in the 'right' direction, several features of the design of the research mean the results cannot be relied on as indicating that the programmes reduced offending.
When from year 2000 ASRO-type cognitive programmes for offenders were being rolled out in Britain, an evaluation found no reduction in reconviction rates compared to offenders not placed on these programmes after other variables which might have influenced the findings had been taken in to account. There was however the familiar low level of reconviction among the minority of offenders who had completed the programmes, an effect which might have been due to a number of factors including their motivation to change, ability to do so and their stability, which might have improved their prospects, regardless of the programme they had been allocated to. Among these programmes was the prototype ASRO, trialled on 62 offenders of whom 21% had completed it. Results from the ASRO paralleled those of cognitive programmes in general.
Even when in a controlled study a cognitive programme been found effective, this has not necessarily been maintained in a larger scale roll-out, as found in British prisons. Interventions for offenders are, it has been argued, highly context-specific; what works in one culture at one time may well be ineffective in other settings and at other times.
A review of studies which had randomly allocated offenders to anti-offending programmes found two which had evaluated examples of the family of cognitive skills approaches of which ASRO is an example. These approaches created no statistically significant advantages on measures indicative of drug use or crime.
Thanks for their comments on this entry in draft to Russell Webster, an independent consultant on drugs and crime based in London, and Tim McSweeney of the Institute for Criminal Policy Research at Birkbeck College in London. Commentators bear no responsibility for the text including the interpretations and any remaining errors.
Last revised 12 April 2012. First uploaded | <urn:uuid:631ea881-a73c-4ca0-8414-bd16fa4b1155> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findings.org.uk/PHP/dl.php?f=Palmer_E_1.txt&s=ml&sf=rel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978344 | 3,441 | 1.890625 | 2 |
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Don’t have a website, don’t worry! Browse our templates, choose the one that suits your business and forward it to us. | <urn:uuid:5567ded0-3cb0-445e-ad12-ac293f242cac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fromthezero.com/local-seo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926386 | 642 | 1.617188 | 2 |
3D Printers have significant potential as a teaching resource and can have a positive impact on student engagement and learning. This is only possible if schools can utilize 3D printers in an effective and meaningful way. Schools should explore the potential benefits of using this technology in their curriculums. Similarly, Mech Solutions is also on a mission to transform school curriculums by introducing students and educators to 3D Printers and teaching them the educational value opportunities. Our current project, Cloud 3D Print, provides many additional educational opportunities. The software assists both educators and students in managing the 3D printing workflow, as well providing AI failure detection, remote control and monitoring, and advanced analytics. These features increase the scope of learning and provide even greater opportunities for learning and specialization.
To showcase the educational opportunities of 3D printing, Mech Solutions conducted a presentation at Stonehaven Elementary School. Initially, the students were introduced to the general concept of 3D printers. Then, they were shown how their ideas and designs can be brought to life through the printing and design process. The students were then taught how the slicing software is used in the conversion of a 3D object model to specific instructions for the 3D printer. To engage and motivate the students, hands-on tutorials were provided that enhanced the overall enthusiasm towards schools and learning.
Overall, 3D printing is a great opportunity to leverage STEM learning, allowing students to broaden their scope of learning and delve into more complex subjects. Before we continue, it’s important to remember that safety is always a priority while using 3D printers. In general, students should never be left alone with 3D printers and should only use them with supervision. After all, the 3D printer, like a hammer or a sewing machine, is an instrument that may inflict injury even inadvertently. There are concerns, if necessary measures are not followed. because of the moving parts and the intense temperatures. In light of the above concerns, Mech Solution offers detailed 3D printing tutorials and hands-on demos to educate both instructors and students about the steps, procedures and potential risks associated with 3D printing.
The Major Benefits of 3D Printing in Schools
Unlike studying a textbook or listening to a lecture, 3D printing allows students to engage with the equipment and participate in the printing process. It encourages real-world understanding as most of what is taught in schools is theoretical, rather than witnessing the outcomes and implications directly like in 3D printing.
3D Printing Creates Excitement
Students may experience the printing process from the design stage to the actual construction of the model through 3D printing. As students acquire hands-on experience with the design process from idea to reality, this fosters both enthusiasm and a sense of tangible achievement. As the student constructs the project layer by layer, the individual features become more apparent. The chance to investigate things in real life, rather than merely on a computer or in a textbook, adds to the excitement.
3D Printing Gives Access to Previously Unavailable Knowledge
It is a fun cutting-edge technology for students to master because most 3D printers are pre-assembled and plug-and-play. Students learn that failing on the first try and trying again to improve is perfectly acceptable. Students become less frightened to try and implement new and innovative ideas in life once they grasp that failure is a part of the process. This inspires confidence in students, increasing self-motivation and participation.
3D Printing Promotes Problem-Solving Skills
Students can use 3D printers to engage in a range of learning activities. They must understand how to run and troubleshoot various 3D printers, as well as how to diagnose and fix difficulties. Many pupils may not have the opportunity to participate in this type of work as part of their regular study. Students develop patience and endurance in overcoming hurdles by learning how to troubleshoot and solve 3D printer problems.
3D printing is amazing. It gives you a tiny manufacturing plant and prototyping tool right inside your school, which your students can use to bring their imaginations to life. Give your students (and yourself!) the transformative opportunity to see what awesomeness they can create with 3D printing technology. Not sure how to get started? Mech Solutions is ready and available to come to your school for an in person or virtual presentation.
For more information please email: firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:fc2e7f6b-f2b1-4ddf-8903-6ee44b985640> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cloud3dprint.com/mech-solutions-transforms-learning-with-3d-printing-at-stonehaven-elementary-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950105 | 897 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The mammalian olfactory system responds both to neutral odors, whose significance for the organism is assigned by learning, and to odors that elicit innate behaviors. A subset of olfactory sensory neurons expresses trace amine associated receptors (TAARs) that respond to volatile amines that are mostly aversive to rodents. We recently described the projection patterns of TAAR-expressing neurons (TRNs) to the olfactory bulb and examined the molecular mechanisms that control the expression of a single TAAR per TRN. Based on these findings, our overall hypothesis is that the TRNs constitute a distinct olfactory subsystem and that they integrate into hard-wired circuits that enable them to extract specific environmental cues and drive robust innate behavioral responses. Several predictions stem from this hypothesis: 1. TRNs are molecularly distinct from ORNs and they use specific mechanisms to ensure expression of a single receptor per neuron;2. Activation of the TRNs is sufficient to elicit innate behavioral responses and, 3. The projections from the TAAR glomeruli are stereotyped and target central neural structures appropriate to aversive behavior responses. To test these predictions, we will conduct an interdisciplinary, multi-tiered approach that spans the molecular, neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and behavioral levels. At the molecular level, we will use unbiased approaches to unequivocally determine whether TRNs express only TAARs or co-express a subset of ORs. Further, we will definitively determine whether TRNs are molecularly committed to exclusively express TAARs, or can switch to express ORs upon choosing a deleted Taar gene. We will also analyze sorted populations of TRNs to identify repressive epigenetic marks and activating enhancer sequences that control expression of a single TAAR per TRN. Together, these studies will provide the molecular evidence for defining the TRNs as a distinct olfactory subsystem. At the anatomical level, we will map the projections from the TAAR glomeruli in the bulb to higher olfactory centers in the brain. We predict that these projections will be stereotyped and these glomeruli may project predominantly to the amygdala. At the systems/behavioral level, we will determine the behavioral consequences of selective optogenetic activation of TRNs, following systematic characterization of the optimal stimuli for driving bulb responses. These experiments will test whether TAAR circuits are hard wired to induce innate behavioral responses such as sniffing, and hard wired to assign aversive valence. Our studies are the first to examine innate responses to aversive olfactory stimuli in the context of known receptors and ligands. They will shed light on the molecular and anatomical substrate of innate responses to aversive stimuli, and provide foundation for direct links between molecular and anatomical organization and behavioral outcomes. Understanding the neural mechanisms mediating the conversion of sensory information to eliciting innate behaviors may provide new insight into the underpinnings of several psychiatric conditions.
The well-advanced understanding of basic molecular mechanisms in olfaction provides a unique opportunity to determine the fundamental differences between genetically predetermined versus learned sensory driven responses. We will study the molecular and anatomical basis of innate behavioral responses to aversive odors in mice. Our studies will provide insight into the genetically predetermined nature of sensory driven behaviors that may contribute to a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
|Talay, Mustafa; Richman, Ethan B; Snell, Nathaniel J et al. (2017) Transsynaptic Mapping of Second-Order Taste Neurons in Flies by trans-Tango. Neuron 96:783-795.e4| | <urn:uuid:5b59fc57-5e1b-4f9b-8baf-c84147505762> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-DC013561-01A1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.87723 | 725 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Economic nationalism, populist movements and the increased purchasing power of China’s middle class put international supply chains at risk in 2016. According to the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS) index, a composite indicator of the pressures acting on supply chains worldwide, global supply chain risk has reached its highest level in 24 years.
The CIPS index quantifies assessments from 132 countries across nine different categories to determine global supply chain risk. This year, the index reveals that global supply chain risk rose from 79.14 at the end of 2015 to 82.64 by the close of 2016.
In terms of regional results, western Europe witnessed the largest increase in supply chain risk due to the UK’s vote to leave the EU. As a result of Brexit, there were frequent conflicts between retailers and suppliers over the increased cost of imports at the start of the third quarter.
In addition, the popularity of Eurosceptic movements in countries with upcoming presidential elections – France, Germany, and Italy – have contributed to supply chain uncertainty. These movements call for the implementation of restrictive trade measurements, which will likely lead to protectionist trade policies and threaten existing European supply chains.
Likewise, the election of US president Donald Trump, who favours restrictive trade agreements, has contributed to the rise of global supply chain risk. Mr Trump’s protectionist trade proposals and uncertain economic platform have produced a riskier environment for leading manufacturers.
Meanwhile, Asia-Pacific was the highest contributor to global supply chain risk in 2016, fluctuating between 33.566 in the first quarter to 33.168 in the fourth quarter. China’s expanding middle class has reduced the competitiveness of Chinese exports and caused suppliers to move their supply chains to neighbouring countries in south-east Asia with intentions of backshoring.
This year, the CIPS index indicates that the global supply chain risk will continue to rise. “The UK’s decision to leave the European Union and the election of Donald Trump reflect a growing trend of protectionism in the global economy,” says ICIPS economist John Glen. “For this reason alone, supply chain risk is set to increase further in 2017.”
The CIPS Risk Index is operated by commercial data provider Dun & Bradstreet and analyses the socio-economic, physical trade and business continuity factors contributing to supply chain risk across the world. Scores are weighted according to that country’s contribution to global exports. | <urn:uuid:6dd6263d-708b-4440-90ab-0609cd2e73f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/news/economic-nationalism-puts-global-supply-chain-at-risk-68614 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930885 | 507 | 2.484375 | 2 |
By Elsa Buehler | Staff Writer
In a time where entertainment of all kinds is so easily and instantly ingestible, it’s interesting that podcasts are making a comeback.
Podcasts are a sort of audio show that users can subscribe to, typically as a series. Covering a wide variety of topics and interests, podcasts are just as versatile as YouTube channels, with more of a radio feel.
What’s fascinating, though, is the fact that podcast listening has experienced a very recent surge in popularity. Convince & Convert, a marketing team of “senior digital strategists,” reported that podcast listening has grown 23 percent from 2015 to 2016.
According to Jon Nastor of Copyblogger, a content marketing blog, podcasts typically last an average of 22 minutes. Today, entertainment can be consumed so quickly — think Snapchat, Vine, Twitter, YouTube, etc. There must be something that sets podcasts apart. But what is it?
Chris Daley — a journalism and multimedia arts professor at Duquesne and an purveyor of podcasts — has a few ideas.
Daley believes the revival of podcast listening can be partly attributed to the rise of mobile device usage. The portability of podcasts through smartphones and other devices makes them ideal for busy students and commuters to access on their way to class.
“The mere functionality of opening an audio content but not needing to have your screen open makes it better suited for multitasking and picking up where you left off,” Daley said.
Another theory of Daley’s is that podcasts have become more popular because the tools needed to create them are more accessible. Basically, even though the most successful podcasts require professional software and a team of specialists, the average person has access to some kind of program that could allow them to create and publish their own podcast.
“[This means] that more people are telling their stories,” Daley said. “More stories leads to greater potential to stumble upon a podcast that resonates.”
As for the content, Daley admires the “element of authenticity” associated with podcasts and believes the techniques that are distinct to audio-only media help capture the interest and attention of the listener.
Robert Healy, a Duquesne professor of journalism and multimedia arts, also offered his thoughts on why more people are tuning in to podcasts.
Healy theorizes that the rise in popularity isn’t because of a change in the actual content. Rather, media convergence has given way to what he calls “omnipresent technology,” smartphones that are more convenient and functional than ever before.
Enjoying podcasts is all about the availability and these mobile devices allow people who are interested in longer forms of media to access podcasts easily.
“In any generation there always are people who are more attracted to things that take a little bit more time to read and understand — people who are readers as opposed to observers,” Healy said.
According to Healy, among the college crowd, podcasts probably have more of an appeal to those walking or commuting to class, being that podcasts are audio-only and don’t require all aspects of your attention, which allows for multitasking.
Healy is a podcast listener himself and recommends comedian Marc Maron’s podcast, “WTF.”
Duquesne professors aren’t the only ones who listen to podcasts. Students are tuning in, as well.
John Mauro Gloninger, a freshman environmental science major, has been listening to the Roman Mars’ podcast “99% Invisible” for roughly three years. Each episode of the podcast features some phenomenon that almost everyone has heard of yet knows little about, as the title suggests.
Some of his favorite episodes covered topics such as flags, famous music albums, instant food and the concept of “average.”
“I usually listen when I want to decompress,” Gloninger said. “Maybe while eating a snack during a break from studying, that way my brain doesn’t completely shut off. The show gives me a lot to talk about and reference in school papers.”
Bradley Bieski, a freshman nursing major, only started to listen to podcasts around two months ago, thanks to a recommendation from a friend. Bieski’s podcast of choice is called “The Joe Rogan Experience” which discusses anything from the UFC fights that he commentates to the unknown phenomena of the universe to politics.
Iconic guests of the show have included astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, UFC fighter Ronda Rousey, rapper Action Bronson and Instagram celebrity Dan Bilzerian.
“It’s thought-provoking material that you don’t get to hear in everyday dialogue,” Bieski said.
The “Podcasts” app that comes built into every iPhone ensures that access to tons of free podcast subscriptions is easier than ever before, which means your daily treks to class could get a little more interesting. | <urn:uuid:efa3e757-7112-4fb8-8e77-26dae9ea1d8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.duqsm.com/podcast-palooza-long-form-audio-shows-growth-in-fanbase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955387 | 1,059 | 2.109375 | 2 |
On 11th July 2016, the Singapore tax authorities issued an e-Tax guide on the General Anti-avoidance Provision and its application.
The guide essentially sets out the Singapore tax authorities’ approach to the construction and application of the general anti-avoidance provisions promulgated in Section 33 of the Singapore Income Tax Act and illustrates by way of specific examples the types of arrangements that the authorities regard as having the purpose of effecting tax avoidance within the meaning of the Section. The guidelines and accompanying examples in the guide are not meant to be exhaustive.
The examples in the guide focus on certain selected scenarios – circular flow or round-tripping of funds, the setting up of more than one entity for the sole purpose of obtaining a tax advantage, changing business forms for the sole purpose of obtaining a tax advantage and attribution of income that is not aligned with economic reality. Nevertheless, it makes expressly clear that arrangements not discussed or described should not be taken as falling outside the ambit of Section 33. The guide does not cover arrangements that form the subject of specific anti-avoidance provisions in the Singapore Income Tax Act and/or that involve evasion of tax.
Section 33(1) essentially grants powers to the Singapore tax authorities to disregard or vary arrangements that directly or indirectly:
a) Alter the incidence of any tax which is payable by or which would otherwise have been payable by any person;
b) Relieve any person from any liability to pay tax or to make a return; or
c) Reduce or avoid any liability imposed or which would otherwise have been imposed on any person.
In drafting the guide, the Singapore tax authorities have essentially adopted the principles outlined by the case of CIT v AQQ (2014) SGCA 15. Indeed the structure of Section 33 is based on the “scheme and purpose” approach that formed the basis of the Court of Appeal’s ruling in the AQQ case.
The approach can essentially be delineated into three steps. The first step is to essentially establish whether an arrangement falls within any of the three limbs mentioned above. This is an objective test based on the observable acts surrounding the arrangement itself to determine if there has on prima facie been any tax advantage derived.
If so, the second step entails ascertaining whether the taxpayer can avail himself of the statutory exception granted under Section 33(3)(b). This entails considering any subjective commercial motives and consequences that the taxpayer had for entering into such a scheme. In particular, due regard is given by the relevant Section to bona fide commercial transactions which do not have as one of its main purposes the avoidance or reduction of tax.
In the event that the taxpayer cannot seek protection under Section 33(3)(b), the third and final step involves ascertaining whether the tax advantage arose from the use of a specific provision “within the intended scope and Parliament’s contemplation”. In that regard, a general anti-avoidance provision should not be read as “overriding” any specific provision of the legislation or vice versa. Among the factors that should be given consideration in determining whether a tax avoidance arrangement exists include the manner in which the arrangement was carried out, the role of all relevant parties and any relationship they may have with the taxpayer, the economic and commercial effect of documents and transactions, the duration of the engagement and the nature and extent of the financial consequences that the arrangement has for the taxpayer. It is said that a classic indicator of a use that is “outside parliamentary contemplation” is the structuring of an arrangement such that a taxpayer gains the benefit of the specific provision in an artificial or contrived way.
Overall, the guide appears to be an effort by the Singapore tax authorities to communicate their perspective on the construction and application of the anti-avoidance provisions that are already enshrined in the legislation, underpinned firmly by the principles extolled from the AQQ case. The authorities may update the guide with new guidelines and new examples of arrangements, where necessary. In a broader sense, this is perhaps unsurprising and possibly timely given the clear imperative of combating harmful tax practices as one of the action points being implemented under the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative by the OECD. Other countries in the region have also been steadily jumping on the anti-avoidance bandwagon in recent years. China’s State Administration of Taxation issued its administrative measures on the General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR) in late 2014 with the measures having come into effect in early 2015. India’s Central Board of Direct Taxes too has tabled its GAAR which is currently awaiting implementation in 2017/18 financial year. Against a backdrop of increasing global tax scrutiny, the release of these guidelines by Singapore tax authorities points to a worldwide tax environment that is becoming increasingly complex and less forgiving to those who seek to bend the rules.
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Get quarterly insights from our consultants & experts | <urn:uuid:fc121d0e-31ef-4af6-984c-3c2b0078a136> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nexiats.com.sg/pulse/removing-fences-singapore-general-anti-avoidance-provisions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937929 | 1,068 | 1.65625 | 2 |
A chemical peel is a skin-resurfacing procedure in which a chemical solution is applied to the skin to remove the top layers. The skin that grows back after a chemical peel is smoother and younger appearing. Chemical peels can be used to treat a variety of conditions from wrinkles, to unwanted pigment and scars. It can be used alone or in combination with other aesthetic treatments. If you think you would benefit from a chemical peel, please call us today to schedule a consultation with Illuminate staff at our comfortable Palo Alto office.
Chemical peels can be performed at different depths in the skin – light, medium or deep depending on your desired results and expectations of downtime. Deeper chemical peels produce more dramatic results but also involve longer recovery times. Our medical staff offers a range of chemical peels from very superficial to deep. Light chemical peels are performed by our aesthetician. The treatment involves the chemical removal of the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It can be used to treat fine lines and wrinkles, acne uneven skin tone and dryness.
Medium chemical peels remove skin cells from the epidermis and a portion from the dermis. Performed by either or aestheticians or nurses, they can be used to treat wrinkles, acne scars, and uneven skin tone. Our medical team may recommend a series of medium depth chemical peels to prep the skin for more invasive treatments like surgery or lasers. Deep chemical peels remove skin cells from the epidermis and from portions of the mid to lower dermis. Dr. Boudreault will perform deep chemical peels in the operating room to treat deeper wrinkles or scars. Deep chemical peels can only be performed once.
How you can best prepare for your treatment will be discussed between you and your aesthetic provider. Some patients, particularly darker skin types or with melasma, will likely benefit from the use of a skin lightener like hydroquinone prior to treatment. If a patient is more prone to cold sores, the practitioner may recommend pretreatment with an antiviral medication. It is also often recommended in the days leading up to treatment that patients avoid any exfoliating products such as vitamin A derivatives, alpha hydroxy acids or beta hydroxy acids.
During light and medium peels, the skin is cleansed with a gentle cleanser. Your practitioner will use a brush to apply a chemical solution to the skin. During this time, the skin will whiten or ‘frost.’ Patients will express a tingling or burning sensation that subsides within 2-5 minutes. The practitioner may wish to apply multiple passes of this peel solution before applying a final layer of neutralizing solution or removing the peel altogether. Deep chemical peels are performed by Dr. Boudreault in the operating room under sedation.
The recovery time for chemical peels will vary depending upon the type of peel you choose. Deeper peels involve a longer recovery.
Once your skin heals, you will see the results. Healing time ranges from 1 day for a refreshing or lunchtime peel to 14 days or longer for a deep peel.
The cost of your chemical peel will also vary according to which type of chemical peel you choose and the number of sessions needed.
The immediate results will depend on the depth of the peel. Patients who receive light to medium depth peels should anticipate experiencing dry, flaking skin for two to five days. Once the skin has completely healed, patients should expect to see healthier, more vibrant appearing skin.
Specific post treatment advice will be given to you based on the type of peel that you receive. In general terms, it is best that you treat your skin as gently as possible in the first week following your treatment. After light and medium peels, it is best that patients use gentle cleansers, moisturizers and sunscreen. The gentler you are with your skin, the better. We DO NOT advise that patients pick at their skin or use wash clothes or facial cleansing brushes during this time.
Not all chemical peels are suited for everyone. Individuals with dark or sensitive skin should generally avoid deeper, more aggressive peels as they could lead to burns, scars or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
ZO Stimulator Peel
Perfect “lunch time” peel. This peel is very mild and can be performed once a week for four consecutive weeks for optimum results. The ZO Stimulator peel addresses fine lines, dull appearance, rough and dry texture. Little to no downtime.
ZO 3-Step Peel
This peel is a mid-depth peel and addresses acne, laxity, sun damage, uneven tone, lines and wrinkles. Pre-condition 4-6 weeks prior is required. The use of a skin regimen skincare protocol that includes retinoic acid or a .5% or higher retinol product. The ZO 3 Step Peel can be performed every 3-4 weeks. There are 5-7 days of recovery time.
Jan Marini Clarify Peel
The Clarify peel is ideal for anyone seeking a serious solution for acne and rejuvenation in individuals with oily skin. The clarify peel is safe for all skin types and recovery time is about 2-5 days.
Jan Marini Refine Peel
The Refine peel is designed for all skin types and primarily treats texture, pigmentation, acne, and fine lines. This peel is for individuals who are seeking more significant skin rejuvenation in fewer applications than a progressive glycolic series and with less downtime than more aggressive procedures. There are about 2-5 days of recovery time.
Jan Marini Transform Peel
The Transform peel is a mid-depth peel. It is an excellent solution to address pigmentation and advanced sun damage while providing overall skin rejuvenation. This peel shows the best results with a series of 3 over a 3 month period. There are about 4-7 days of recovery time.
TCA peels come in a variety of strengths depending on the treated area and indication. Skin that is thin and delicate may require a lesser concentration than thicker, more damaged skin. Dr. Boudreault performs aggressive TCA peels in the operating room under monitored anesthesia care (sedation).
“I had my Brazilian Butt Lift in 2017 with Dr. Boudreault and I couldn’t be any happier with my results. My butt and hips look SO natural – my only regret was not doing it sooner!”
“I fully trust Dr. B and will go to him for all my procedures. He really cares about his clients and their results.”
“The day after my surgery when the garment came off, I almost cried. Dr. B exceeded my expectations and gave me an even BETTER body than I had imagined.”
At Illuminate we’re with you during every step of your journey toward greater self-confidence. Schedule a consultation with us today and let Illuminate’s expert team listen to your concerns and guide you through treatments and procedures to help you reach your individual goals. We look forward to seeing you and celebrating your renewed appearance and realized potential. | <urn:uuid:2b7159e7-12d4-4f64-99a2-bb642a3a1db4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.illuminateplasticsurgery.com/aesthetician-services/chemical-peels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921152 | 1,478 | 1.953125 | 2 |
American Post-Colonial Coinage (Vermont)
1786 Vermontensium Cent
This Vermont “Landscape” copper produced in 1785 the year that Ruben Harmon Jr. was granted permission to make Vermont copper coins.
Obverse: VERMONTENSIUM RES PUBLICA, 1786 – Vermont Landscape
Reverse: STELLA QUARTA DECIMA – All seeing eye with rays
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Copper plated lead free fine pewter. | <urn:uuid:86e3646b-8fd2-45af-9196-f8c59c74c71c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coinreplicas.com/product/vermontensium-cent-1786/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.739886 | 113 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Government of Canada Cultural Policies and Measures
The objectives of the Government of Canada cultural policies and measures are listed in a Whole-of-government framework (http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/ppg-cpr/frame-cadre-eng.aspx). This framework makes provisions for an umbrella objective, namely, ensuring a “Vibrant Canadian culture and heritage”, to which the strategic objectives of departments and agencies are linked, contributing to making it a reality. A list of these objectives is available under the component “Institutions, Agencies or Networks” of the “Primary Sources and Links” Annex.
Several federal agencies implement cultural policies and measures. The Department of Canadian Heritage is responsible for two program directions (program activities) which comprise a whole range of measures that complement one another.
The “cultural industries” program direction supports the Canadian cultural sector to ensure that a range of Canadian cultural content is produced and accessible to Canadian and international audiences. It also contributes to creating conditions to promote the sustainability of Canadian cultural industries. The aim of this program direction is to allow Canadian cultural creators and entrepreneurs to produce, market and export Canadian cultural content. This is possible thanks to programs and services such as grants, contributions, tax credits, policies, and legislative regulations and measures. The basic concept is to encourage the creation of Canadian cultural content and its access, both within the country and abroad. In 2010-2011, expenditures for this program direction totaled CA$303,527,000 (approximately US$ 312,593, 351).
Among the various initiatives included in this program direction are the Canada Music Fund and the Canada Book Fund. The Canada Music Fund includes five components, each of which contributes in a unique manner to supporting the production of a diverse range of Canadian musical works produced by emerging and established artists. For example, the Music Entrepreneur Component offers financial assistance to established Canadian music entrepreneurs allowing them to build a vigorous, viable industry. Administered by the Department of Canadian Heritage, this component allowed its recipients to launch 144 albums in 2010-2011.
The New Musical Works Component offers musical creators and entrepreneurs the opportunity to produce and market Canadian sound recordings, to provide depth to their art and to increase their expertise. This component is funded in partnership with private-sector Canadian broadcasters and administered by two non profit agencies, the Fondation Musicaction (Musicaction) for the industry’s Francophone sector and the Foundation Assisting Canadian Talent on Recordings (FACTOR) for the Anglophone sector. In 2010-2011, the New Musical Works Component provided assistance for the production of 293 albums and offered assistance to over 1,000 projects in marketing, musical tours and showcases, thereby contributing to the dissemination of Canadian music.
The Canada Book Fund supports the activities of Canadian book publishers and other sectors of the book industry to ensure access to a wide variety of books by Canadian authors. This assistance is distributed within two components: 1) Support for publishers, the objective of which is the sustainable production and promotion of books by Canadian authors. It offsets high publishing costs in Canada and strengthens the capacity and competitiveness of the sector (all of the support is distributed in accordance with a funding formula based on sales, which rewards publishers who succeed in delivering content to consumers). 2) Support for organizations whose objective is to promote the development of the Canadian book industry and marketing by helping industry and its organizations to undertake collective projects that provide general benefit to the industry and, as a result to readers everywhere.
In 2010-2011, publishers supported by the Canada Book Fund produced more than 6,500 new Canadian titles (traditional and digital format) written by over 4,000 Canadian authors and translators, including over 900 first projects. The Book Fund has continued to support a wide range of industry activities across the country, including the work of 235 Canadian-owned publishers in over 75 Canadian cities and localities that provide direct employment to nearly 3,000 Canadians.
The goal of the “arts” program direction is to improve Canadians’ access to artistic, cultural and heritage activities in diverse communities and contribute to the sustainability of the arts sector. This is achieved thanks to funding programs which support the staging of professional artist festivals and performance seasons; improving artistic and heritage infrastructure; improving the business and management practices of arts and heritage organizations; better integration of the arts and heritage in municipal planning; as well as institutions which offer high-calibre training in preparation for professional artistic careers. The basic concept is to encourage access, sustainability and excellence in the arts for all Canadians. The expenditures for this program direction totaled CA$114,580,000 (approximately US$118,002,505) in 2010 2011.
Among the numerous initiatives included in this program direction is the Canada Arts Presentation Fund. This program provides Canadians with access to a wide range of professional artistic experiences in their communities. In fiscal year 2010-2011, the program funded a total of 592 projects in 245 communities. The funded organizations presented various disciplines and connected with various audiences, including with less-served communities. Over the past few years, recipients of this Fund reported reaching a total audience of over 20 million per year.
A complete list of the Department of Canadian Heritage’s funding aid programs, their objectives, resources and impact is available at the following address: http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/dpr-rmr/2010-2011/inst/pch/st-ts03-eng.asp.
The other federal agencies that implement cultural measures in addition to the Department of Canadian Heritage include, for example, Telefilm Canada, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and the National Film Board of Canada.
Telefilm Canada’s mission is to foster and promote the development of the audiovisual industry in Canada, in particular the feature film, television and new media industries. Among other efforts, Telefilm administers the Canada Feature Film Fund which provides assistance for screenwriting, project development, production, marketing and dubbing and subtitling of quality Canadian feature films and official co-productions that have high box office potential in Canadas. In administering this Fund, Telefilm seeks to support feature films that are distinctly Canadian, which reflect Canadian society and its cultural diversity. Telefilm’s financial participation can come in various forms: investments, conditionally repayable advances, grants or performance envelopes. The program expenditures for Telefilm Canada totalled CA$93,959,000 (approximately US$96,765,555) in 2010-2011.
As a public, national broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation must offer radio and television services that include a wide variety of programs to inform, enlighten and entertain the public. The Corporation’s programming must be predominantly and distinctively Canadian; reflect Canada and its regions to national and regional audiences, while serving the special needs of those regions; actively contribute to the flow and exchange of cultural expression; be in English and in French, reflecting the different needs and circumstances of each official-language community, including the particular needs and circumstances of English and French linguistic minorities; strive to be of equivalent quality in English and in French; contribute to shared national consciousness and identity; be made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose; and reflect the multicultural and multiracial nature of Canada. The program expenditures for the Corporation amounted to CA$1,137,145,000 (approximately US$1,171,111,521) in 2010-2011.
The mandate of the National Film Board (NFB) is to produce and distribute original, innovative audiovisual works which provide people with a better understanding of issues faced by the Canadian population and which provide more insight into Canadian values and points of view across the country and the world. As a public sector producer, the NFB produces original audiovisual works which reflect diverse Canadian perspectives—cultural, regional and Aboriginal, among others—and which arise from the various creators and communities of the country. This program direction is involved in fields in which the private sector has no presence and provides creators with the opportunity to explore artistic and technological advances with respect to form and content. It also ensures the discovery, ongoing training and coaching of talents and creativity within the filmmaker communities and other creator communities. The program expenditures for the NFB amounted to CA$59,400,000 (approximately US$61,174,278) in 2010-2011.
Challenges identified in the implementation of this measure:
One of the main challenges encountered in Canada in implementing cultural policies and measures since the ratification of the Convention in 2005 was related to the technological impacts of the manner in which Canadians create, share and take part in arts and culture. In addition to being at the heart of all creative industries, digital technologies and content are now crucial to the economy and to Canadian society. New technologies provide Canadians with easier access to artistic and cultural content when they want it on various platforms. The details of the work carried out by the Government of Canada to face this challenge, in particular for modernizing programs, are provided in section 4 of this report.
The general impact of the cultural policies and measures implemented in Canada is substantial. With an active domestic market and a growing international exposure, the current value added by industries in the cultural sector amounted to CA$46 billion in 2007. With economic impacts for the tourism and services industries, as well as for the IT sector, it is evident that the Canadian arts and culture industries contribute to the country’s economy. This industry also ensures substantial social value—as confirmed in the Convention—by encouraging citizens to share various forms of cultural expression.
The specific impact of each measure is also evaluated in detail. At the federal level, agencies responsible for implementing cultural measures specifically report on their performance in implementing all of the program direction under their jurisdiction each year, via a public report tabled to the Parliament of Canada.
For example, as detailed in the Department of Canadian Heritage’s “2010-2011 Departmental Performance Report” (http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/dpr-rmr/2010-2011/inst/pch/pch00-eng.asp) , a vast range of Canadian cultural content and works of art across the nation continued to be created and produced in 2010-2011, allowing Canadians to benefit from a full spectrum of dynamic cultural experiences. Within the cultural industries, there was a marked increase in the number of television hours produced in Canada, periodicals and books from Canadian authors published, as well as music albums distributed by Canadian artists. The gross revenues and profit margins of the cultural industries are also a testament to the sector’s sustainability.
Access to Canadian cultural content on domestic and international markets has also improved overall, since far more Canadian households now have access to Internet, radio and television. The availability of Canadian radio services has also risen and the viewing share of Canadian television programs in both official languages has increased. In addition, the market share of domestic album sales for Canadian artists has increased, with Canadians continuing to purchase more Canadian music. Over the years, agencies dedicated to arts funded by Canadian Heritage Programs have secured diverse sources of income, which is evidence of the leverage effect of the Department’s programs.
A list of the 2010-2011 reports from federal agencies responsible for implementing cultural measures is available under the “Books and Documents” component of the “Main Sources and Links” Annex. | <urn:uuid:76826f20-68ea-4581-92c5-683cf3aa03ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.unesco.org/creativity/policy-monitoring-platform/government-canada-cultural | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939261 | 2,351 | 2.265625 | 2 |
FutureLearn offer online imaging, film, and animation courses from top universities and cultural institutions.
National Museum of Wales’ Learning Manager, Eleri Evans, talks to Ivan Davies, Chair of Examiners for A Level Art and... Read more
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A demonstration by renowned artist Harry Holland on using the Apple iPad Pro and Apple Pencil with Procreate app.
Join our official Facebook community for teachers and lecturers delivering our GCSE specifications. We encourage teachers and lecturers to share best... Read more | <urn:uuid:3bbdac2c-4327-42a8-a64f-85091a2ddd05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lightboxresource.co.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.888228 | 217 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Secrets and intimate moments – everybody has their own stories to tell about the paths they’ve chosen, the encounters they have shared.
We’ve all had key defining moments, events which have shaped who we are as people and the eyes through which we see the world.
So as a tribute to those personal memories, and to recognise the wonderful, varied makeup of Manchester, a new audio walk through Manchester has arrived, to offer you insight into the tales of its people, while you walk in their very footsteps.
The project is called Too Much Information and it is the brainchild of Blast Theory, a group of interactive storytellers based in Brighton, who have teamed up with the Royal Exchange Theatre.
Each audience member will be given a 45 minute snapshot into the lives of a group of intergenerational individuals from across Greater Manchester, using a mobile phone map and a pair of headphones.
MM spoke to Ju Row Farr, 50, one of the co-founders and artists of Blast Theory, to find out more.
“It’s partly about the presumptions that we make about other types of people – older people, younger people, and different races. I think we are often too quick to judge”, said Ms Farr.
“There are a lot of similarities and overlaps, but we often see differences before we see similarities.
“I think we are all curious about what really goes on in somebody’s life and somebody’s head, maybe even what really goes on in somebody’s bedroom, and we can’t ever really know.
“To probe at those things is exciting and interesting. Both are sometimes very funny and sometimes very dark.
“We share a lot between us as people, which we don’t really discuss as much as we should.”
On exiting the theatre, each audience member should use the map to find and reach the various locations where the voice recordings will play.
There is no set order and you are encouraged to float wherever your whims may take you.
The narrators, who serenade your journey, come from across the region, including Bury, Salford, Stockport, Rochdale and Trafford, and range from 18 to 77-years-old.
You’ll be able to hear some of their most intimate, funny and frank stories and secrets, set to an original score composed by Martyn Ware of The Human League and Heaven 17 fame.
Ms Farr added: “Hopefully, it will be something which people will reflect on. It’s got that social documentary quality about it.
“It’s about real people and their real lives. It’s very real and it is a journey and a moment of reflection or consideration for other people and other things that can happen in your life.
“We aren’t trying to make some big point about if only we gave each other a bit of time, it would all be very fun and wonderful.
“But the experience of working with this group of people is that we started off with a selection of individuals so diverse in their age, and we ended up with a piece of work about a group of people.
“Age and difference became irrelevant and in the process, that’s what came out for us.
“I imagine the public will be interested in what the people are talking about and won’t think ‘oh was that a 70-year-old or an 18-year-old?’.”
Taking place in the midst of Manchester’s bustling city centre and all its fanfare, Ms Farr indicated that there could be a few daydream moments, whilst listening to the symphony of secrets and stories.
“You may look at others and think ‘we could have been brothers’, or perhaps in another life ‘we could have almost been lovers”, she said.
“But because we are all so busy rushing around doing things, it just sort of slows us down and pulls focus on some of those things.”
The project has been created in partnership with the Royal Exchange’s Truth about Youth – an activity programme for 14 to 21-year-olds- and Future Everything- an award winning innovation lab for digital culture, which also hosts an annual festival.
Supported by The Co-operative Foundation, three intensive workshops over three consecutive weekends brought together the faces behind the voices.
The technology which is being used was created about two years ago, but the actual project itself was cobbled together in the last month.
Ms Farr said: “The things that people are saying don’t relate to the specific places on the map, but chosen places which are more conducive to hear certain things.
“We did that deliberately. To use the exact locations wouldn’t have been appropriate, so we have tried to find a better place to listen to that account- a quieter place or a busier place, a doorway, something which helps your experience of hearing that, and to paint a better picture.”
Having worked in the arts for over 20 years, she emphasised the important role of projects like this within society.
“The role of art is to make people think, to ask difficult questions, to take risks in a way that it is very hard to do in other aspects of life”, said Ms Farr.
“That is the role that artists and artwork play, and hopefully it can evoke change, whether it’s change of thought or change of behaviour.
“It is a moment where you have an experience where you’re involved in this big participatory project and you feel like you’re immersed in something.
“It’s got a mobility to be able to shift us for a moment, or for longer, in a group or by ourselves.
“Nothing else can quite do that. Across the spectrum, it’s trying to do a job that nothing else does.”
If you can’t make it along to this project, there will be a website launch very soon to offer members of the public other ways to hear some of the material.
Tickets are available for Too Much Information here.
Image courtesy of Mr Cake with thanks. | <urn:uuid:7aa840d2-a3f0-40ba-88ad-796195101cf9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mancunianmatters.co.uk/life/26022015-if-these-streets-could-talk-manchester-audio-walk-offers-a-little-too-much-information/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969417 | 1,324 | 1.546875 | 2 |
A reverse mortgage is a type of home loan especially designed for pensioners and retirees who tend to be rich in assets but short on income. Reverse mortgages allow seniors to convert the equity in their property into cash to fund a better retirement. If you are aged over 60 and own your home, a reverse mortgage could release funds to help you live your best life.
Loans can be taken as a lump sum, an income stream, a line of credit or a combination of all three. Typically, you are charged a higher interest rate on a reverse mortgage than for a standard home loan, although interest is charged like any other loan. Usually, you don’t need to make repayments while you live in your home, however the loan must be repaid in full if you sell your home, pass away or move into aged care.
How do reverse mortgages work?
Recognising that your home holds most of your wealth, a reverse mortgage allows you to access this wealth by taking out a loan secured against your home. The total loan amount, including accumulated interest, is repayable when you move permanently from your home.
With a reverse mortgage, you continue to own and live in your home for as long as you wish, benefiting from any increases in property value. With no requirement to make regular repayments, you are free to use your home to build financial freedom in your retirement.
Who can apply for a reverse mortgage?
Anyone aged 60 or over who owns their own home can apply for a reverse mortgage. Like traditional mortgages, applications are subject to loan approval criteria, including location restrictions. The amount of money you can borrow is typically based on your age, property location and the value of your home. Reverse mortgages work best when you manage your financial requirements by accessing only what you need, only when you need it.
What to look for in a reverse mortgage?
Before entering into a reverse mortgage, it’s important to know what safeguards are in place to secure your assets and protect your financial future. Here are a few things you should access and check before signing any reverse mortgage loan agreement.
Ownership of your home – you should retain ownership of your home at all times, allowing you to continue to benefit from any increase in property value.
Equity protection – choose to protect a percentage of the eventual net sale proceeds of the property (10%, 20% or 50%), ensuring you or your estate are guaranteed this amount.
Independent professional advice – always seek advice from a financial adviser and run the agreement by your solicitor before signing off on any reverse mortgage loan agreement.
Family involvement – take the time to run through the agreement with your family and get answers to all your questions before proceeding with a reverse mortgage.
Other occupiers – ensure your partner will be protected should something happen to you, commonly referred to as a lifetime occupancy promise (note this normally doesn’t apply to children or other family members living in your home).
Benefits of reverse mortgages
For many retirees, reverse mortgages transform retirement, giving you the means to make the most of your newfound freedom. Here are just some of the many benefits that come with reverse mortgages.
Free up cash – accessing the equity in your home can help you finance a full retirement, helping you live life to the full.
Stay in your own home – borrowing against the equity in your property, rather than selling up, allows you to continue to stay in your home.
No repayment requirement – you can draw on your equity without having to make repayments, freeing up your income for life, not bills.
Flexibility – use your equity to fund anything you wish, giving you more flexibility to plan holidays, undertake repairs and pursue your hobbies.
If you own your home and are aged 60 or over, a reverse mortgage could be for you. Contact Vision Property & Finance to discover how our safe and secure reverse mortgage packages can help you live your best life in retirement. Give us a call on 02 8354 3000 to reach Sydney’s office or 02 4014 1999 to talk to someone in Newcastle’s office. You can also contact us here. | <urn:uuid:7ce8088d-e29d-4b42-b2ed-3749a49e8453> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visionpf.com.au/reverse-mortgages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953428 | 841 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Scientist Finds 360 Million Year Old Scorpion Fossil
Posted on September 15, 2013
Dr Robert Gess (pictured above), from the Evolutionary Studies Institute at Wits, discovered the 360 million year old fossilized scorpion from rocks of the Devonian Witteberg Group near Grahamstown in South Africa. Images of the fossil below show the sting and pincers of the scorpion. The ancient scorpion, named Gondwanascorpio emzantsiensis, is the oldest known land-living animal from Gondwana. Godwana was the southern of two supercontinents that made up Pangea.
Dr. Gess says the process of terrestrialization - the movement of life onto land from the sea - began during the Silurian Period roughly 420 million years ago. The first wave of life to move out from water onto land consisted of plants, which gradually increased in size and complexity throughout the Devonian Period. This was closely followed by plant and debris-eating invertebrate animals such as primitive insects and millipedes. By the end of the Silurian period about 416 million years ago, Dr. Gess says predatory invertebrates, such as scorpions and spiders, were feeding on the earlier colonists of land.
Gess says, "Evidence on the earliest colonisation of land animals has up till now come only from the northern hemisphere continent of Laurasia, and there has been no evidence that Gondwana was inhabited by land living invertebrate animals at that time. or the first time we know for certain that not just scorpions, but whatever they were preying on were already present in the Devonian. We now know that by the end the Devonian period Gondwana also, like Laurasia, had a complex terrestrial ecosystem, comprising invertebrates and plants which had all the elements to sustain terrestrial vertebrate life that emerged around this time or slightly later."
The research paper was published in the peer reviewed journal, African Invertebrate. A copy of the paper can be found here.
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- Study Reveals 3-D Structure of Ultra-Black Butterfly Wings | <urn:uuid:f8b3b41f-945c-4d9a-8dfc-368f5ce45fb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sciencespacerobots.com/scientist-finds-360-million-year-91520131 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946761 | 489 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Using Mathematica to Analyse GPS Data
Jillian from Wolfram Research writes, “I thought you and your readers would find today’s post in the Wolfram Blog quite fascinating. It’s all about Mathematica’s capabilities for importing and analyzing geographic GPS data. It includes many fascinating examples — elevation profile, distance computation, and mapping.” (Links added.) The post starts hard and gets harder; it’s worth noting, but probably is reserved for people who know how to use Mathematica. | <urn:uuid:c5252b11-f69c-42f3-9a62-27874655b02f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://archives.maproomblog.com/2009/04/using_mathematica_to_analyse_gps_data.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.878523 | 113 | 1.898438 | 2 |
As a New Hampshire business owner, you are likely familiar with—and have possibly even been affected by—the opioid crisis in relation to your workplace.
According to the Recovery Friendly Workplace Initiative, untreated addiction costs New Hampshire’s economy $2.36 billion. Businesses take on 66% ($1.5 billion) of that cost in the form of impaired productivity and absenteeism.
Although these numbers may seem daunting at first, there are now many programs and resources for companies that want to make a difference by becoming a Recovery Friendly Workplace (RFW). Making these positive changes will establish your business as one that cares about its community and takes action to help individuals in their recovery process.
Read on to discover:
- What an RFW is
- Why it is important
- How it works
- How to create your own RFW
- Policies you’ll need (and how we can help!)
What is a Recovery Friendly Workplace?
According to the RFW Initiative, an RFW is a business that supports its community by recognizing recovery from substance use disorder as a strength and by being willing to work intentionally with people in recovery.
RFWs foster a healthy and safe environment where employers, employees, and communities to work together to create positive change and remove barriers for those impacted by addiction.
RFWs use evidence-based practices and drug and alcohol policies that demonstrate an understanding of substance use disorder.
Why Is It Important?
With over 60,000 Granite Staters in recovery, there are many employees and customers on this long and challenging road.
You can support your employees by creating a healthier and safer environment, encouraging their successful recovery. Becoming an RFW will show your community and customers that your business cares about them by directly addressing addiction and behavioral health.
Additionally, workplaces that utilize evidence-based health and safety policies and programs recruit and retain a healthier, more productive, and more motivated workforce. These programs may even lower costs like:
- Healthcare expenses
- Costs associated with missed work
- Costs of employee hiring and retraining
With the state of the labor market, your business may not be in a position to turn away promising candidates. Companies today need to strike a balance between maintaining a safe working environment and hiring good employees.
How Does It Work?
The RFW Initiative offers comprehensive guidance and training for businesses interested in becoming RFWs. You will work with Recovery Friendly Advisors (RFAs) who will help you develop and sustain RFW Initiative in your workplace. They will equip you with information and resources to promote health, well-being, and recovery among employees and their family members.
As an RFW, you will provide education and review of your company’s alcohol, tobacco, and other drug policies upon hire and annually. We’ll dive more into these policies a bit later.
RFAs will consult with employers to plan trainings to help them identify and appropriately handle substance misuse, behavioral health, and addiction issues. These trainings are always tailored to your company’s needs.
How to Make Your Business Recovery Friendly
Substance use disorder and the recovery process is a sensitive topic, so where can you start making changes in your workplace to support those in recovery?
A good first step lies in the culture. Change the language you use: Instead of using terms like “drug abuse” or “substance abuse,” use the phrase “substance use disorder.” This terminology reduces the stigma for those struggling with or taking steps toward recovery.
What other programs and routine support can you put in place to become recovery friendly?
For certain professions (e.g.: manual labor workers), it is difficult to make appointments in traditional healthcare settings. Your business could bring an onsite counselor or provide remote counseling for both scheduled and on-demand recovery support (on-demand could be used during work breaks). This would help more people get the help they need by eliminating fear and encouraging participation.
Peer Support Groups
Group therapy appointments also typically occur during the business day. Incorporating peer support groups into the daily schedule, however, can help build a culture of mutual support thanks to open and safe discussions with coworkers who are also in recovery.
A Trained Supervisor
An RFW trained supervisor understands the challenges and needs of people in recovery—including the fact that slip-ups are a part of the process. They will know that a positive drug test indicates the need for more counseling support and closer monitoring, rather than immediate termination.
Onsite Drug Testing and Telepsychiatry
Regular onsite drug testing (where appropriate) can ensure safer work environments and indicate when individuals need more support. It also prevents the need for an individual to leave in the middle of the day for a medication appointment or to provide required toxicology testing for their program.
Offering telepsychiatry visits in a secure room onsite also enables people to get assessed regularly and helps prevent missed doses of recovery medications like buprenorphine.
For free in-depth guidance and training on how to become an RFW, you can submit a letter of interest to the Governor’s Office. A representative will meet with you and help walk you through the process with your organization’s specific needs in mind. Visit the RFW Initiative website for more information on how to become an official Recovery Friendly Workplace in New Hampshire.
What Policies Do You Need?
Now that you’re on your way to becoming recovery friendly, it’s time to reevaluate your policies. Your drug and alcohol policy should at least:
- Prohibit the use, possession, sale, distribution, or manufacture of drugs and drug paraphernalia at work
- Forbid employees from reporting to work while under the influence
- Reserve the right to conduct searches of workspaces upon reasonable suspicion
- Ensure compliance with applicable federal and state laws
Consider what makes the most sense regarding your recruitment and retention goals. Although you can elect a zero-tolerance policy, many companies are moving away from this to keep up with major shifts like the legalization of marijuana.
To become an effective recovery friendly employer and carry out the support programs listed above, you’ll want to establish other policies that focus on:
- Workplace education and outreach
- Coordination with an employee assistance program and wellness programs
- Supervisor training
- HR support
- Confidential access to peer recovery support
Be sure your policies are specific and you are consistent in your practices regarding substance recovery disorder issues.
“Remember that supervisors are your eyes and ears,” Sheehan Phinney attorney James Reidy advised at the 2018 SHRM Employment Law & Legislative Conference. When the rest of your team is properly trained, it will make all the difference for a successful Recovery Friendly Workplace.
Making Your NH Business Recovery Friendly
If you need help updating your policies or creating new ones to accommodate your new RFW goals, BlueLion can help through our policy development services! We also provide Human Resource on-call service, perfect for small New Hampshire businesses that have either a very small or no internal HR department.
Call us at 603-818-4131 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org to learn more about establishing a recovery friendly environment today!
The information on this website, including its newsletters, is not, nor is it intended to be legal advice. You should contact an attorney or HR specialist for advice on your individual situation. | <urn:uuid:494c8cd0-54e4-4dfd-8c7d-6ea623bb149b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bluelionllc.com/how-to-create-a-recovery-friendly-workplace-in-new-hampshire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944011 | 1,553 | 1.601563 | 2 |
How many centijoule in 1 gallon [U.S.] of diesel oil?
The answer is 14652000000.
We assume you are converting between centijoule and gallon [U.S.] of diesel oil.
You can view more details on each measurement unit:
centijoule or gallon [U.S.] of diesel oil
The SI derived unit for energy is the joule.
1 joule is equal to 100 centijoule, or 6.8250068250068E-9 gallon [U.S.] of diesel oil.
Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the results.
Use this page to learn how to convert between centijoules and gallon [U.S.] of diesel oil.
Type in your own numbers in the form to convert the units!
You can do the reverse unit conversion from gallon [U.S.] of diesel oil to centijoule, or enter any two units below:
centijoule to kilojoule
centijoule to kilowatt-hour
centijoule to gigaelectron volt
centijoule to Board of Trade unit
centijoule to kilogram-force meter
centijoule to terawatthour
centijoule to tonne of coal equivalent
centijoule to petajoule
centijoule to megaton
centijoule to ton
The SI prefix "centi" represents a factor of 10-2, or in exponential notation, 1E-2.
So 1 centijoule = 10-2 joules.
The definition of a joule is as follows:
The joule (symbol J, also called newton meter, watt second, or coulomb volt) is the SI unit of energy and work. The unit is pronounced to rhyme with "tool", and is named in honor of the physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).
ConvertUnits.com provides an online conversion calculator for all types of measurement units. You can find metric conversion tables for SI units, as well as English units, currency, and other data. Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. Examples include mm, inch, 100 kg, US fluid ounce, 6'3", 10 stone 4, cubic cm, metres squared, grams, moles, feet per second, and many more! | <urn:uuid:5fd7ae2e-d909-48c7-b842-dd16eff716b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.convertunits.com/from/centijoule/to/gallon+%5BU.S.%5D+of+diesel+oil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.847213 | 531 | 2.46875 | 2 |
James Burke | Vision Times
Chinese Christians who are unaligned with state-run religious associations are finding themselves targeted by the authorities who are ramping up “anti-terrorism measures” in China’s northwest.
A Chinese official told RFA that all Christian activities not linked to state-approved churches in the restive province of Xinjiang have been banned.
“They all have to worship in [an officially approved] church,” said the official, who was from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region government’s religious and ethnic minority affairs bureau.
One underground Christian in the province’s Shayar county told RFA that they had been warned by officials to stop their meetings.
“They warned us that we can’t do that, and that we’ll be charged with illegal assembly if we get caught and be locked up in the detention center,” the Christian said.
“It is now banned right across our whole region, including Korla and Aksu,” the Christian said. “If we meet, we have to do it in secret.”
A member of a Protestant church from another area of the province said some of their church members had been given short-term jail sentences for practicing their faith.
“We don’t dare gather for worship now,” the church member told RFA. “The police are saying it’s part of terrorism prevention in Xinjiang, and that they won’t allow gatherings of even a few people.”
The report gave further examples of Christians being detained, raids on underground churches, and Bibles being confiscated by police.
The atheist Chinese Communist Party has long seen religion as a threat to its rule. As part of that, the Party attempted to wipe out Christianity under Mao, but in more recent times it has focused on co-opting it through the Protestant Three Self Patriotic Association or the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association (CCPA). The CCPA has no ties with the Vatican, nor does it see the pope as its head. Controversially, the Vatican is currently conducting secret negations with Chinese officials reportedly on the issue of bishop appointments in the country and on the CCPA.
Party leaders still see Christianity as a danger from the West and as Sophie Richardson, China director at Human Rights Watch, indicated, this is evidence of a broader issue.
“The Chinese Communist Party is violently allergic to non-party organizing vehicles, whether they’re nonprofits, libraries, or churches,” Richardson told The Washington Post.
Estimates from foreign scholars say there could be as many as 100 million Christians in China.
Action against underground Christians in Xinjiang occurs as Chinese authorities have ramped up their already severe repression of the province’s 10-12 million Muslim Uyghurs.
Uyghurs are an ethnic Turkic people who have long been considered to be generally moderate Muslims. Human rights groups say the heavy-handed communist authorities have long suppressed Uyghur religion and culture. For example, men under 60 are not allowed to grow beards.
Since the events of 9-11, Uyghur separatists have been labeled terrorists by the Chinese authorities. In recent years, Chinese state-run media has reported there have been sporadic bomb and knife attacks by so-called terrorists in the province and elsewhere in China.
While there been some reports of Uyghur’s joining radical groups abroad such as the Islamic State, critics say the Chinese government is overstating the threat from the Uyghurs.
Others, such as Sean Roberts, a scholar on Uyghur and Asian affairs, and director of George Washington University’s International Development Studies Program, say the regime has played a part in creating the problem.
Roberts told Pacific Standard that Chinese repression effectively turns more Uyghurs into militants, which in turn results in further crackdowns by the authorities.
“It is a vicious circle, which has made Xinjiang into a virtual security state where surveillance and the repression of independent thought is far more draconian than elsewhere in the People’s Republic,” said Roberts.
Included in its security measures, the authorities have in place a widespread surveillance program. As part of that, it was announced this month that all vehicles in the province will be required to have GPS tracking devices installed.
Thousands of armed security personnel and lines of armored vehicles also paraded through Urumqi, the province’s capital, on February 18. It was the third such parade of force in Xinjiang within a week, reported The Guardian.
In the past several decades, there has been high levels of immigration from China’s Han majority to the province. The Han ethnic faction now makes up nearly 40 percent of the province’s population of 19 million.
For more on the plight of the Uyghurs, see this episode of China Uncensored. | <urn:uuid:0a8ed931-544d-4eac-aa16-e6849578db05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://global.tuidang.org/2017/02/27/christians-caught-up-in-increasing-repression-in-chinas-northwest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964609 | 1,035 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Eid of All Eids: Eid Mawlid-un-Nabi (SAW)
The methods of celebrating 'Eid Mawlid un Nabi' as mentioned by the great Imams of Islam such as Muhadith Ibn Jawzi, Imam Jalal-ud-Din Sayuti, Mullah Ali Qari, Shaykh Qutb-ud-Din Hanafi and many others, is that gatherings are held with recitation of the Holy Quran, praise of the Holy Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, lectures on the Seerah and his birth followed by a feast. These Mawlid gatherings and feasts together with Mawlid marches were an annual practice in Makkah and the rest of the Arab world for centuries up until the beginning of the 20th century. The scholars write that the Mawlid Celebrations in these lands were carried out at state level with full official patronage.
Minhaj-ul-Quran International (MQI) is renowned for its devotion, love and promulgation of 'Mawlid-un-Nabi' celebrations in every possible way. MQI has made it compulsory on all members to celebrate the Mawlid in the best way possible, irrespective of the expenditure being incurred as the Holy Quran states, rejoice on receiving the blessings and mercy of Allah, it is better than saving your resources (Al- Younas 10:58). Under MQI the Mawlid is celebrated as an Eid, moreover the other two Eids are seen as a blessing of this Eid. A wide range of activities are arranged by MQI world wide, such as conferences, seminars, lecture series, speech competitions, Quizzes, Mawlid marches, gatherings of recitation of the Holy Quran and praise, Salaah and Salaam, to the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
MQI has the honour reviving the great tradition of grand feasts during the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal. Mawlid gatherings and feasts together with Mawlid marches were an annual practice in Makkah and the rest of the Arab world for centuries up until the beginning of the 20th century. This practice has begun at MQI in Lahore and all over the world. Shaykh-ul-Islam is himself overseeing the Mawlid Dinners - Ziafat-e-Milad - to take place every day during the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal at the residence of Shaykh-ul-islam up to the 11th of Rabi-ul-Awwal and at MQI central secretariat for the remainder of the month. Goats are sacrificed daily in order to prepare the Mawlid dinners. At every Mawlid Dinner Shaykh-ul-Islam, himself serves the participants with specially prepared food. The Grand Mawlid Dinner will be held at Minar-e-Pakistan on the night of the 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, having thousands of people coming to the feast. Hundreds of goats will be sacrificed for that night.
International Mawlid Conference
With regard to the celebration of the Mawlid, with the grace of Allah Almighty and the Blessing of Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, MQI has the honour of hosting one of the largest Mawlid gatherings on the night of the Birth of our beloved Prophet Sayyadana wa Maulana Muhammad Mustafa sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. The gathering attracts thousands of participants every year and an estimated fifty to sixty thousand attended last year. This gathering is a great success year in year out which is evidence of the blessings this Mission is receiving from the "Green Dome". Renowned scholars as well as prominent personalities from all walks of life see it as an honour to attend and be part of the Annual Mawlid Conference. The climax to the conference is the annual speech by Shaykh-ul-Islam which makes hearts beat and eyes pour with the extreme love and reverence for the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam; empowering spiritually dead bodies with the will to struggle harder to practice the Seerah and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and works towards a truly Islamic society.
Another great feature of this gathering is that it is broadcast live all over the world on the internet, together with specific arrangements made by branches of MQI to enable the celebration to be viewed by large gatherings in over eighty countries of the world, making the event a truly "International Mawlid Conference".
By Jawed Iqbal Tahiri | <urn:uuid:3706bc29-369e-4f83-9f90-6cd1e101b7f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.minhaj.org/english//tid/117/Eid-of-All-Eids-Eid-Mawlid-un-Nabi-SAW.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934874 | 986 | 2.4375 | 2 |
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The Light Novel series is the source material for the adaptation of the Anime and Manga series. The information and terminology on the article will be based on the source material rather than the adaptions.
Orphanage (孤児院, koji'in) refers to an institution that provides for abandoned or orphaned commoner children.
In the city of Ehrenfest, the orphanage is managed by the temple. It accepts unbaptized orphans from the lower city, as well as the children of grey shrine maidens. Once accepted by the temple, orphans are raised to become gray priests who may be bought and sold as servants to the nobility.
Smaller towns and villages also have local orphanages that are not part of the temple. Any orphans are considered the collective property of the town, and they may be bought or sold at the discretion of the town's mayor.
Ehrenfest Temple Orphanage
It also raises any children born to members of the clergy. While both blue and gray priests are (at least in theory) sworn to celibacy, the blue priests often take concubines among the gray priests. It is also common practice to return concubines to the orphanage after they become pregant and select another attendant as a replacement. After the child is born, it is raised at the orphanage, and those who reach baptismal age become gray priests.
Finally, the orphanage is home to all gray priests and shrine maidens who are not currently serving as attendants. Once a gray priest is selected to serve as an attendant, they will move out of the orphanage and take rooms in the administrative building near their new master. Likewise, if they are dismissed or their master dies, they return to live in the orphanage.
Regardless of age, those living at the orphanage are forbidden to leave unless they are appointed as attendants, are purchased by a buyer outside the temple, or have the express permission of the orphanage director.
The temple orphanage is split into two buildings on either side of the main chapel. Each has four floors. However, the ground floor is called the "basement," and the floors above it are labeled as the first, second, and third floors.
- Basement: Originally used as storage space, the basement was later converted into the orphanage branch of the printing workshop. This is the only part of the boys' building that women are allowed to enter.
- First Floor: A gathering area and the living quarters for apprentice gray priests. The orphanage director's chambers are also on this floor, but they cannot be accessed through the orphanage.
- Second Floor: Living quarters for adult gray priests.
- Third Floor: Living quarters for adult gray priests.
- Basement: Originally used as communal housing for unbaptized children and pregnant gray shrine maidens. Under Myne's management, it was converted into a kitchen and storage space.
- First Floor: Originally the living quarters for apprentice shrine maidens. It is now used for both apprentice shrine maidens and unbaptized children.
- Second Floor: The orphanage dining hall. This is the only area of the girls' building that men are allowed to enter.
- Third Floor: Living quarters for adult gray shrine maidens.
The orphanage's primary source of food and necessities (such as soap, candles, and other supplies) is through the blue priests' surplus, which is passed down as Divine Gifts. The orphanage director also recieves a budget from the temple to cover any other expenses.
Under Myne's management, the temple opened the printing workshop, which serves as an additional source of revenue. The children in the orphanage routinely go out to the commoners' forest to forage for supplies, while the apprentice and adult gray priests manage the work of printing and binding books.
On a day-to-day level, the organization of the orphanage and care of the orphans is provided by the gray priests and shrine maidens who live there. The current head caretaker of the orphans is Wilma, and the current manager of the printing workshop is Gil.
Hasse's monastery is a special case and so far the only one of its kind in Ehrenfest. It is not an orphanage in itself, but technically part of the Ehrenfest orphanage, despite being in another settlement. The current orphanage director Lady Rozemyne also rotates the priest and shrine maidens that live and work in the monastery back to the temple once a year, except for those that were bought from Hasse's village orphanage, who became permanent recidents of the monastery after finishing their education in temple behavior and manners over their first winter as grey robes.
Hasse's monastery was modelled like a scaled-down version of the main orphanage except that the common room in the boy's building has been replaced with a chapel and the orphanage director's chambers are a noble's hidden room at the back of the chapel.
During Rozemyne's two year coma, Thore and Rick made a small field to plant vegetables outside the monestary. Due to the soil around the monestary being exceptionally rich in mana, the field provides very good yields.
Spoiler from Part 4 Volume 5
This mana-rich ground is not limited to the monastery grounds, but spreads out all around it, greatly increasing the fertility of the area, making the surroundings even more bountiful than the areas around the river. Not only do more fruits and vegetables grow there, but they also tend to be larger. This also attracts more animals than usual, making it a prime hunting ground in addition to being so well suited for foraging.
Over the last few years the monastery and the local farming town have established a close and friendly relationship. The locals are regularly hired to help with the monastery's winter preparation. They provide tools and manpower and in return they are payed well and allowed to forage in the bountiful forest near the building. This arrangement pleases both sides and allowed the monastery to be more self-sufficient for winter, rather than having to fully rely on the help of the Plantin Company like they had to the first year after the place was built.
Working at the temple also had a noticably positive effect on the priest and shrine maidens sent there for the warm seasons, both physically and mentally. Working the fields and foraging regularly in the forest made them visibly healthier and tanned. One of the priests remarked to Lady Rozemyne how it felt much better to be able to work for their own sustainance, than to sit around and do nothing while being entirely dependant on divine gifts and how satisfying it is to see the fruits of their own labor.
Farming Village Orphanages
Many bigger villages have orphanages under the care of the local mayor. In these the orphans are treated like commodities, having to follow the mayors orders or expect harsh punishments. They are expected to help with work in the village, which mainly means farm work. Upon coming of age they become full-fledged and independant members of the community and are granted their own fields, though it is well within the rights of the mayor to sell the orphans to anyone willing and able to pay for them prior to their coming of age ceremony.
How well the orphans are treated and fed depends entirely on the mayor of the town. One of the worst orphanages in Ehrenfest's central district was the one in Hasse, through after it's mayor had been executed for treason, conditions for the children improved markedly under the new mayor Richt.
- Ascendance of a Bookworm. Part 3 Volume 1. Chapter 10: Starbind Ceremony in the Noble's Quarter
- Ascendance of a Bookworm. Part 3 Volume 5. Meanwhile at the Temple
- Ascendance of a Bookworm. Fanbook. Q&A With Miya Kazuki
- Ascendance of a Bookworm. Part 4 Volume 4. Chapter 10: Spring Prayer in the Central District
- Ascendance of a Bookworm. Part 4 Volume 5. Chapter 11: Groschel and the Harvest Festival | <urn:uuid:3c08f1fc-6201-41b4-ad24-934221dcb062> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ascendance-of-a-bookworm.fandom.com/wiki/Orphanage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965521 | 1,718 | 2.125 | 2 |
Objective: Lymphangiomas are rare congenital malformations commonly seen in children. Its occurrence in adults is uncommon with very scarce reports in the literature. It mainly occurs in infants or children younger than two years of age. We report these cases to emphasize the need to consider cystic lymphangiomas in diferential diagnosis of neck masses in adults. Case Reports: We describe two cases in adults, one a 27-year-old man and the other a 59-year-old male. Te former presented with recurrent neck mass for 5 years, and the latter presented with asymptomatic neck mass of a short duration. Both were not associated with any pain, discoloration, discharge or sudden increase in size. Conclusion: Te awareness of occurrence of cystic lymphangioma in adults is important for its proper management which includes complete surgical removal, to prevent recurrence.
|Translated title of the contribution||Adult lymphangioma - A rare entity: A report of two cases|
|Number of pages||3|
|Journal||Turk Patoloji Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Pathology|
|Publication status||Published - 17-01-2012|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Pathology and Forensic Medicine | <urn:uuid:a840edf7-7123-4f5c-900a-d9937b405fee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/adult-lymphangioma-a-rare-entity-a-report-of-two-cases | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.905283 | 305 | 2.21875 | 2 |
We might have called this blog “after the snow leaves”
instead of spring. At elevation 4200′ spring is a pretty short season. We don’t
see the end of snow until the end of April and then it seems spring is only
visible during the day for another month because it still freezes at night.
It’s not just the snow. We have to wait for the ground to thaw as well. In
short we really don’t get to go to work outside until sometime in May and by
that time the “to do” list is pretty long.
As you can see by previous blogs we are already growing
vegetables before spring even gets here.
We need to get the boat and gear ready for trout fishing
because they only seem to bite in late May and early June and then again in the
fall. We rely on those fish for part of our pressure canned food supplies we
stock our pantry with the year round. Besides fishing is fun and after a long
winter being cooped up it is time for something different.
The garden has to get re-leveled and roto tilled. That takes
two different days before it is ready to plant. We got ours done May 15 and 16
this year. After that it is time to plant. Our garden is pretty good sized so
planting is an ongoing process throughout May and June.
There always seems to be fence to repair. The deep snows
tend to do the most damage to our fences every year.
We clean our chimneys of creosote and the masonry heater as
well. Then we shut it down until October. We have to clean the stone face with
vinegar and water.
When the ground freezes deep enough some of our gutter tight
line drains freeze as well. We have to take the downspouts off and hook up
temporary drains for when the snow melts off the roof all winter long. So once
the ground is thawed we have to remove the temporary drains and put the
downspouts back on so we can catch rainwater for our cisterns.
It’s a good time to run vinegar through the tank less hot
water lines to get any mineral deposit buildup out of those lines.
We can’t forget one of our bigger tasks is wood cutting. I
cut the trees down in the fall to get them to start curing and in May we start
cut, split, and stack the wood. All six cords. We may not burn that much but I
like to have extra just in case. You really want to get this work done before
it gets too hot.
The horses, cats, and dog all need extra grooming because
they are all shedding their winter coats.
Much of the equipment has been sitting all winter and the
tires need to be refilled with air. I maintain all of my equipment in the fall
before winter so it is ready to go on the spring but the tires still need air
from sitting so long.
The winter hay area needs to be cleaned and organized. Mouse
traps set in the barn when it warms up. For that matter we also usually clean
I spend about two days repairing our three mile long road
from the winter thaw damage. That work is a timing issue. It has to be done
after the thaw but while it is still damp and before it dries out and turns to
It’s a good time to clean and rearrange the pantry. Take
inventory of what is left over and what we will need to replenish our supplies.
This year we have to make arrangements to leave for a few
days to attend the Mother Earth News Fair in Puyallup, WA on June 2, and 3rd.
That only adds to our hectic spring schedule but we will find a way because we
really want to go to the Fair.
All in all it is a pretty busy time for us. We have these
things to do as well as our “day jobs” and running our two websites. It’s a lot
of work but it’s what we chose. Why is a whole ‘nother blog. | <urn:uuid:1c0565bd-2e46-4441-9440-8ce5d46fae58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.motherearthnews.com/homesteading-and-livestock/living-off-grid-our-homestead-spring-to-do-list/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959861 | 897 | 1.625 | 2 |
The survey indicates that men who measured below average levels of ‘agreeableness’ earned approximately 18 percent more than their friendlier male counterparts, while less agreeable women earned around 5 percent more than their more affable female colleagues.
The study, which looked at data collected over approximately 20 years and is entitled “Do nice guys – and gals – really finish last?”, was carried out by the University of Notre Dame and by the University of Western Ontario.
Derek Irvine, has made the following comments:
“This is certainly a headline grabbing survey: the meaner you are, the more you’re likely to earn. What is particularly worrying about these findings is that they suggest organisations are actively rewarding bad corporate behaviour, or disagreeableness, rather than trying to instil more positive values. Every organisation has a series of values which it expects its staff to align with and it’s highly unlikely that rudeness falls into that category. Why, therefore, are organisations choosing to reward these employees over others?
“The problem here is that in the majority of cases individual managers are being left with the responsibility of rewarding employees and it seems that those who shout the loudest win. What’s needed within organisations today is a strategic employee recognition programme which aligns rewards with corporate values. This would ensure that those employees who are exhibiting the most positive behaviours will be recognised and rewarded.” | <urn:uuid:1d1e3241-42fe-4ec0-9b51-9ab168a6a8f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hrreview.co.uk/hr-news/strategy-news/the-bad-guy-comes-out-on-top/30628 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974893 | 292 | 1.859375 | 2 |
MAEIA assessments were created to assess K-12 fine arts performance through the use of performance tasks and events. Our catalog includes 360 assessments in dance, music, theatre, and visual arts. Use an assessment as is, or modify it to fit your classroom needs.
Explore performance assessment types in dance, music, theatre, and visual arts.
Watch an overview | <urn:uuid:5cdfb1e5-e629-4c33-9b38-de42251a3cb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maeia-artsednetwork.org/authentically-assess-your-arts-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953486 | 74 | 1.914063 | 2 |
You may want to read the post, Telle’s Deli, before you read this one. Today’s story could be considered a continuation of that post. Martin Gotthilf (also often reversed to be Gotthilf Martin) Telle established a delicatessen which was located in the Union Market Building in downtown St. Louis. It was called the G.M. Telle Delicatessen. I cannot help but call it Telle’s Deli.
I managed to find out today that G.M.’s son, Ferdinand Telle later took over this delicatessen from his father. However, I found this story by looking in the ZionRootsgenealogy.org website. It was there that I found that Mabel Godin was born on this day. I would never have found Mabel in our German Family Tree. I later did a search for “Godin” in our GFT, but there were no matches.
Mabel Gobin was born on May 27, 1888 in St. Clair County in Illinois, making her today’s birthday girl. Her parents were Peter and Adeline (Jarvis) Godin. When she was born, Mabel’s father was a farmer in that Illinois county. Later, that family would move to St. Louis, where, for a while, Peter was a saloon keeper. We find the Godin household in the St. Louis census for 1910.
It was later in 1910 that Mabel got married. She was married to Ferdinand Telle on October 19, 1910, probably in St. Louis, but I was unable to find a marriage record for them. Here is where we connect Mabel Godin with the G.M. Telle Delicatessen. Ferdinand was the son of Martin Gotthilf and Theresa (Gerharter) Telle. Ferdinand Telle is not found in our German Family Tree either because he was born in St. Louis. His birthday was March 8, 1889.
We find Ferdinand in his first census in 1900. His family was in St. Louis, where his father was said to be a butcher.
In the census taken during the same year as his marriage, both his father and Ferdinand are shown as butchers, with his father being the proprietor.
The 1920 census is the first one showing Ferdinand Telle’s family along with Mabel. They had three children during that decade. Since they named their oldest son after him, Ferdinand became Ferdinand, Sr. I will also note that they named another son after Mabel’s mother’s maiden name, Jarvis.
In a 1916 St. Louis city directory we find both Ferdinand and his father working at the same location in Union Market.
In 1917, Ferdinand had his World War I draft registration filled out. He wascalled a meat cutter, and his employer was G.M. Telle.
The 1930 census calls Ferdinand a clerk in a delicatessen, but he must also have been the manager of the delicatessen because his father died in 1924.
In the last census in which we find Ferdinand, Sr., he was shown with the occupation in the image below. At that point in time, he is called the owner and manager of the delicatessen.
Ferdinand’s World War II draft card is shown below. His employer was called G.M.Telle, but his father was no longer living. That business, however, continued to carry his father’s name.
Ferdinand Telle made Telle’s Deli into a second generation (Gen 2) business for the Telle family. A paragraph of information that can be found on Findagrave.com for Ferdinand says the following:
Later, it was Ferdinand Telle, Jr. who took over this delicatessen, making him the third generation of men in this family to operate that business. A paragraph is also found on Findagrave.com describing Ferdinand, Jr.’s life.
This note indicates that the delicatessen was moved in 1982 because Union Market closed. The deli operated in North St. Louis until 1990 when it too was closed.
Ferdinand Telle, Sr. died in 1960 at the age of 71.
Mabel died in 1971 at the age of 82. Ferdinand and Mabel are buried together in the St. Peter’s Cemetery in Kirkwood, Missouri.
Butchering (meat cutting) is still done by folks in Perry County to provide for their families. The three generations of Telle butchers (deli operators) in St. Louis is evidence of that skill being utilized in the big city of St. Louis. | <urn:uuid:2f41ac56-6f61-41af-898b-c537e9ba5f77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lutheranmuseum.com/2019/05/27/telles-deli-gen-2-and-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.988539 | 979 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Herbal medicine is an important branch of East Asian medicine, and a powerful treatment on its own or in combination with acupuncture. Eastern herbal medicine includes a range of over 300 natural medicinals: roots, leaves, herbs, spices, and minerals. Many of the herbs used are common kitchen spices, such as cinnamon and ginger. Herbs are blended into herbal formulas, or recipes, containing between 4 and 20 different herbs. Formulas are customized for each person, taking into account their symptoms, constitution, and health history. Many of the base formulas have been in use for hundreds of years, giving modern day herbalists the benefit of knowing exactly which formula has been safe and effective for which conditions.
We mix custom formulas in office using powdered herb extracts from Evergreen Herbs. These extracts can be mixed with hot water to make a tea, just like instant coffee. We find the extracts to be effective, easy to take, and still allow the customization of loose herbs. Evergreen Herbs products are rigorously tested and of the highest quality- meaning they are both safe and effective.
Join Our Mailing List to Get a Regular Dose of Natural Health Tips | <urn:uuid:6994b4e8-ddf2-4295-8619-d438e037523b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fourflowerswellness.com/how-we-work/herbal-medicine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950858 | 234 | 1.984375 | 2 |
How to Select the Right Welder Certification Class near Springville Alabama
Enrolling in the ideal welding technical school near Springville AL is an essential first step to beginning your new career as a professional welder. But since there are a lot of schools to pick from, how do you know which ones to consider? And more significantly, once you have narrowed down your choices, how do you select the right one? Most prospective students begin by reviewing the schools that are nearest to their homes. When they have identified those that are within commuting distance, they gravitate toward the least expensive one. Yes, location and the cost of tuition are crucial concerns when reviewing welder vocational schools, but they are not the only ones. Other concerns include such things as accreditation, reputation and job placement rates. So before initiating your search for a vocational school to become a welder, it’s sensible to develop a list of qualifications that your chosen school must have. But before we delve into our due diligence checklist, let’s talk a little bit about how to become a welder.
Welding Certificate and Degree Training Courses
There are a number of options available to get training as a welder in a trade or technical school. You can receive a diploma, a certificate or an Associate Degree. Bachelor Degrees are available in Welding Technology or Welding Engineering, but are more advanced courses than most journeyman welders will need. Some programs are also offered along with an apprenticeship program. Following are short descriptions of the most common welding programs available in the Springville AL.
- Certificate and Diploma Programs are usually made available by technical and trade schools and require about 1 year to finish. They are more hands-on training in nature, fashioned primarily to develop welding skills. They can furnish a good foundation for a new journeyman or apprentice welder, or supplemental skills for experienced welders.
- Associate Degree Programs will take 2 years to complete and are most often offered by community colleges. An Associate Degree in Welding Technology furnishes a more well-rounded education than the certificate or diploma while still providing the foundation that readies students to enter the workforce.
Some states and municipalities do have licensing prerequisites for welders, so make sure to check for your location of future employment. As required, the welder school you pick should ready you for any licensing examinations that you will have to take in addition to providing the proper training to become a qualified welder.
Welder Certification Options
There are multiple institutions that offer welder certifications, which test the knowledge and skill level of those applying. A large number of Springville AL employers not only require a certificate or degree from an accredited welding school, but also certification from a renowned agency like the American Welding Society (AWS). Different certifications are available based on the type of work that the welder does. A few of the skills that certification can attest to are the welder’s ability to
- Operate in compliance with specific codes
- Work with specific metal thicknesses
- Work with specific kinds of welds
- Operate in compliance with contract specifications
As already stated, many states, cities or local municipalities have licensing mandates for welders. Of those requiring licensing, some additionally require certification for various kinds of work. Certification is also a means to prove to employers that you are an exceptionally skilled and qualified welder. So just as with licensing, check the requirements for your location and verify that the welding vocational school you decide on readies you for certification as needed.
Subjects to Ask Welding Vocational Programs
Once you have chosen the credential you want to obtain, a diploma, certificate or degree, you can start to compare schools. As you probably know, there are a large number of welding trade and vocational schools in the Springville AL area. That’s why it’s essential to determine up front what qualifications your chosen school must have. We have previously covered a couple of significant ones that most people consider first, which are location and the cost of tuition. As mentioned, although they are very important qualifiers, they are not the only ones that need to be considered. After all, the program you decide on is going to furnish the training that will be the foundation of your new vocation as a welder. So below are some additional factors you might want to consider before picking a welding trade school.
Accreditation. It’s essential that the welding vocational school you pick is accredited by either a national or a regional organization. There are two standard kinds of accreditation. The school may earn Institutional Accreditation based on all of their programs. Programmatic Accreditation is based on a single program the school has, for example Welding Technology. So confirm that the program you pick is accredited, not just the school itself. Also, the accreditation should be by a U.S. Department of Education acknowledged accrediting agency, for example the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology (ACCSCT). Besides helping ensure that you receive a superior education, the accreditation can also help in securing financial assistance or student loans, which are frequently not offered in Springville AL for schools that are not accredited. Also, for those states or local governments that mandate licensing, they may require that the welding training program be accredited also.
Apprenticeship and Job Assistance Programs. Many welder degree or certificate programs are provided combined with an apprenticeship program. Some other schools will assist in placing you in an apprenticeship or a job after graduation. Ask if the schools you are looking at assist in placing students in apprenticeships or have a job assistance program. These schools should have partnerships with local unions and other metal working businesses to which they can refer their students. More established schools may have a larger network of graduates that they can utilize for placements. These programs can assist students in finding employment and establish relationships within the Springville AL welding community.
Completion and Job Placement Rates. The completion rate is the percentage of students that enroll in an educational program and complete it. It’s essential that the welder school you choose has a high completion rate. A reduced rate may signify that the students who joined the program were dissatisfied with the instruction, the instructors, or the facilities, and quit. The job placement rate is also an indication of the quality of training. A high job placement rate will not only verify that the school has a good reputation within the field, but also that it has the network of Springville AL employer relationships to help students obtain employment or apprenticeships after graduation.
Modern Equipment and Facilities. Once you have decreased your choice of welding schools to two or three options, you should consider going to the campuses to evaluate their facilities. Make sure that both the equipment and the facilities that you will be taught on are up-to-date. In particular, the training equipment should be similar to what you will be using on the job. If you are not sure what to look for, and are currently in an apprenticeship program, ask the master welder you are working under for guidance. Otherwise, ask a local Springville AL welding contractor if they can give you a few suggestions.
School Location. Although we previously briefly talked about the significance of location, there are a couple of additional points that we need to deal with. You should remember that unless you are able to move, the welder program you select needs to be within commuting distance of your Springville AL home. If you do decide to attend an out-of-state school, in addition to moving expenses there might be higher tuition fees for out-of-state residents. This is particularly true for welding degree programs offered by community colleges. Additionally, if the school offers a job placement or apprenticeship program, most likely their placements are within the school’s local community. So the location of the school should be in an area or state where you ultimately will wish to work.
Small Classes. Individualized training is essential for a hands-on trade such as welding. It’s possible to be overlooked in larger classes and not obtain much one-on-one training. Find out what the average class size is for the welding schools you are considering. Ask if you can attend some classes so that you can observe just how much individual attention the students are getting. While there, talk with some of the students and get their feedback. Similarly, speak with some of the teachers and ask what their welding experience has been and what certifications and credentials they hold.
Convenient Class Scheduling. Lots of folks learn a new profession while still working at their current job. Verify that the class schedules for the programs you are considering are flexible enough to meet your needs. If you can only attend classes in the evenings or on weekends near Springville AL, confirm that the schools you are looking at provide those alternatives. If you can only attend on a part-time basis, make sure that the school you decide on offers part-time enrollment. Also, ask what the protocol is to make up classes should you miss any because of work, illness or family responsibilities.
Online Welding Classes
Welding is truly a hands-on kind of vocation, and therefore not very suitable for training online. Even so, there are some online welding programs offered by specific community colleges and trade schools in the greater Springville AL area that may be credited toward a degree or certificate program. These courses mainly deal with such subjects as reading blueprints, safety,, and metallurgy. They can help give a beginner a foundation to initiate their education and training. However, the most critical point is that you can’t learn how to weld or use welding materials unless you actually do it. Obviously that can’t be done online. These skills have to be learned in an on-campus setting or in an apprenticeship. Online or distance learning is more appropriate for seasoned welders that desire to advance their knowledge or possibly obtain a more advanced degree. So if you should discover an online welding degree or certificate program, be very careful and make certain that the larger part of the training is done on campus or in a workshop type of environment.
Attending a Welding School in Springville AL?
If you have decided to enroll in a welder training program in the Springville Alabama area, you may find the following information both informative and helpful about the location of your new school campus.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,521 people, 990 households, and 767 families residing in the town. The population density was 393.8 people per square mile (152.1/km²). There were 1,049 housing units at an average density of 163.8 per square mile (63.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.56% White, 7.74% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, and 1.11% from two or more races. 0.24% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 990 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the town the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.5 males.
Choose the Right Welding Trade Program Springville AL
Picking the right welder school will probably be the most critical decision you will make to start your new profession. You originally stopped by our website because you had an interest in Aviation Welding Schools. However, as we have discussed in this article, there are several things that you will need to evaluate and compare between the programs you are reviewing. It’s a prerequisite that any welding school that you are assessing includes a good deal of hands-on instruction. Classes should be small in size and each student must have their personal welding machine to train on. Classroom instruction needs to provide a real-world context, and the training program should be up-to-date and in-line with industry standards. Courses differ in length and the kind of credential offered, so you will need to decide what length of program and credential will best serve your needs. Every training program provides different possibilities for certification as well. Perhaps the best approach to research your final list of schools is to visit each campus and talk with the teachers and students. Take the time to sit in on a few classes. Tour the campus and facilities. Make sure that you are confident that the program you choose is the right one for you. With the right training, hard work and commitment, the final outcome will be a new occupation as a professional welder in Springville AL.
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Find Trade Schools & Colleges Near You - Career School Now
Search for local trade schools and accredited online technical colleges across the U.S. Find schools near you offering campus and online programs in the skilled trades like HVAC technology, mechanics, and welding. You'll also find colleges with accredited medical certificate and degree programs from medical assisting to healthcare administration. All partner schools are accredited and have ...
Welder Training Programs Near Me - Top Trade School - Donuts
Find an accredited trade school or technical college near you with welding certificate, diploma, and welding technology associate’s degree programs. Jump to: List of Welding Schools; Welding Schools Near Me; A welding program will prepare you for a high paying skilled trade career in a short amount of time. Use the program search application ...
Skilled Trades Schools | Fortis
At FORTIS trade schools, students just like you learn the activities related to the design, production, performance and maintenance of welded products. Get a foundation in industrial welding techniques, craft skills, welding mathematics and career development.
The Beginner's Guide to Different Types of Welding Rods & Electrodes ...
6011 vs 7018 welding rod. In comparison to the 6011, 7018 welding rods give smoother, fuller welds and are easier to use for beginners. Different Types of Welding Rods Online: Reviews of the Best Welding Rods Online. Before launching into our reviews of the different types of welding rods and electrodes, we thought it’d be helpful to point ...
St Clair County Schools / Homepage - SCCBOE
Welcome to St. Clair County Schools St. Clair County School System's purpose is to Prepare Tomorrow's Leaders Today. Our direction is to provide opportunities and challenges that will educate and prepare each student for college or career and adulthood in an ever-changing 21st Century.
School Name Program: VRRAP Program Name City State - Veterans Affairs
STRAYER UNIVERSITY-ALABAMA; AS - AA - Accounting BIRMINGHAM AL; STRAYER UNIVERSITY-ALABAMA AA - Business Administration BIRMINGHAM ... Approved VRRAP Schools AK - IN Current as of August 5, 2022 1. ... Cert - WELDING-GAS TUNGSTEN ARC FERROUS AND NON GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW) PHOENIX AZ ...
Madison City Schools / Homepage
211 Celtic Drive, Madison, AL 35758 . Phone: 256.464.8370 . Fax: 256.464.8291. Email: [email protected]
Best 500 Trade Schools: Top 10 Trade Schools by State for 2022
Welding Schools – Learn about welding in your state – a career with a short training period! Veterinary. Dog Grooming – Learn the art of dog grooming, a rapidly-growing niche! ... Alabama. Rank School #1: Reid State Technical College #2: Wallace Community College #3: University Academy-Hair Design #4:
TIPS FOR WELDING THERMOPLASTICS - King Plastic Corporation
Welding Polypropylene. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the easiest thermoplastics to weld and is used for many different applications. PP has excellent chemical resistance, low specific gravity, high tensile strength and is the most dimensionally stable polyolefin. Proven applications using PP are plating equipment, tanks, ductwork, etchers ...
Superintendent / Program Overview - Phenix City Public Schools
Phenix City Schools is in proud pursuit of a world-class education for every student in every school. ... students may select from many career technical and fine arts offerings, such as culinary arts, welding, masonry, cosmetology, drama, and visual arts. ... The National Institute for Early Education Research ranks Alabama’s First Class #1 ... | <urn:uuid:bd80cc36-5a66-4e55-9989-e6ea9b15aa5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prowelderedu.info/best/local-welder-schools-near-springville-al-35146 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959592 | 3,609 | 1.695313 | 2 |
About Welcome To The Machine
Upon fathering triplets, filmmaker Avi Zev Weider explores the nature of technology, seeking what it means to be human.
After three years of trying to have a child, filmmaker Avi Zev Weider and his wife Alexandra tried IVF and immediately became pregnant – with triplets.
In grappling with this life-changing experience, it was evident that technology was having a real affect on Avi’s life; his babies were conceived via a technical process, born in a high-tech neo-natal intensive care unit and kept alive inside a series of machines. In short, Avi’s children came into this world and were made viable thanks to technology. But beyond that, the way in which Avi found himself relating to his newborn children – even this was colored by a relationship to technology. And so, much bigger questions, ones difficult to even formulate, loomed large as the triplets came home.
In seeking to clarify these questions, and deal with his new and difficult reality, the filmmaker engages futurists, scientists, scholars, anti-technology advocates and even Ted Kaczynski, aka the ‘Unabomber,’ to uncover a big-picture view of our ongoing relationship to technology. These interviews explore issues like:
What is the origin of technology?
Is technology ‘neutral’ or does is have an ‘intent?’
In a world of high technology, what is value of living things?
Intertwined with these interviews are two stories that explore how technology is literally changing our worldviews and physical reach. In one, the audience gets up close to US Army pilots training to remotely command unmanned aerial vehicles – ‘drones’ – by sitting for long stretches inside a machine. In the second story we meet Dean Lloyd, who at age 68, is one of only a handful of people implanted with the Argus II artificial retina. Blinded at age 24, Dean now has a microchip directly attached to his optic nerve and can once again ‘see’ the world with the help of a machine inside of him.
Continually circling back to his own story, the filmmaker leads the audience through what is, in essence, a ‘theological’ discussion of technology. In using his own life as a focal point, Avi Zev Weider weaves WELCOME TO THE MACHINE into an experience that begins as an abstract intellectual discussion about technology but ends up being a very human and emotional journey for himself as well as the audience.
Welcome To The Machine premiered at the 2012 SXSW Film Festival and had its international premiere at the 2012 Hot Docs Film Festival. | <urn:uuid:891eab99-d2b1-4a16-b539-26ffa1ad85db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://welcometothemachinemovie.com/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970305 | 564 | 1.851563 | 2 |
It’s snacktime again with Scoring Notes Snacks, where we take music notation software topics and make them into bite-size portions for you to enjoy. With Snacks, we’re keeping it brief and getting back to basics.
This one is about dynamic text in Sibelius. Learn how to quickly enter and modify dynamics with common shortcuts.
A transcript follows. Happy snacking!
Our topic is dynamic text in Sibelius. Text dynamics such as pianissimo and forte are a type of Expression text in Sibelius. The fastest way to create this type of text is to select the note where you want the dynamic, and type Command+E on Mac or Ctrl+E on Windows. Then keep the Command or Ctrl key pressed, and type the dynamic letter, such as p, f, m, or s. The less common ones r and n also work.
For z, you’ll need to hold down Shift and Alt as well, so that you don’t trigger the Command- or Ctrl-Z shortcut for Undo.
You can type as many of these characters as you like. You can also right-click while the cursor is flashing to select the most common ones.
After you enter a dynamic, you can then release the Command or Ctrl key and continue to type anything you like as ordinary Expression text. Crescendo and diminuendo abbreviations have their own shortcuts of Command or Ctrl+Shift+C and D, respectively, so it’s very easy to create a combined expression such as piano – crescendo or forte – diminuendo.
You can apply a dynamic to many staves at once, by making a selection. Sibelius puts the dynamic on the first note that appears in each staff, even if they are at different positions.
You can change these dynamics all at once. Make a selection and filter the dynamics by pressing the shortcut Alt+Shift+D. Then press Return. The blinking cursor will appear, and you can change the dynamic by typing something.
Another way to change dynamics is to use the Change Dynamics plug-in, which comes with Sibelius. You can get to it by searching for it in the Ribbon. This plug-in is a quick way to change all of your dynamics one level louder or softer. If you’ve put in your dynamics as ordinary text and you wish to change them all to dynamic text, you can use this plug-in to do that, too. | <urn:uuid:a3cc92bf-4d08-4c9c-9d1a-da2c3164cda3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scoringnotes.com/tips/dynamic-text-in-sibelius/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911495 | 524 | 2.453125 | 2 |
In 1975, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) claimed exclusive jurisdiction over workplace safety and health for all aircraft crewmembers. Unfortunately, this decision prevented the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ? the agency that regulates the safety and health of most U.S. workers ? from protecting aircraft crewmembers.
On May 8, 1990, AFA filed a petition for rulemaking with the FAA that asked the agency to adopt selected OSHA safety regulations and apply them to the crewmembers working in the airline industry, addressing such areas as the recording and reporting of injuries; access to employee exposure and medical records; right to inspections; safety definitions; the handling of hazardous materials; personal protective equipment; medical and first aid; fire protection, and toxic and hazardous substances. In submitting this petition, AFA was attempting to fill the void created when the FAA asserted jurisdiction over crewmember health and safety without actually exercising that authority. Almost seven years after AFA petitioned for rulemaking, the FAA finally responded on June 6, 1997 with a one page rejection letter.
This rejection was followed by extensive pressure exerted by flight attendants and their unions, which led to the signing of a (MOU) on August 7, 2000 by FAA Administrator Jane Garvey and OSHA Assistant Secretary Charles Jeffress. The MOU directed FAA and OSHA to ?establish a procedure for coordinating and supporting enforcement ? with respect to the working conditions of employees on aircraft in operation ? and for resolving jurisdictional questions." Unfortunately, the January 2001 change of administration in Washington led to lengthy delays implementing the MOU and, eventually, to a watered-down voluntary program that failed to attract participants.
On September 19, 2005, AFA filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against Secretary of Labor and the FAA Administrator. AFA asked the court to issue an order declaring that the FAA had failed to exercise its asserted jurisdiction to establish occupational health and safety standards for flight attendants and crewmembers. As a result, the Secretary of Labor failed to fulfill her statutory duty under the OSH Act to ensure healthy and safe working conditions for flight attendants. On May 22, 2006, the District Court dismissed AFA?s complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, finding that AFA?s claim was not ?ripe? for judicial review since the Union must first exhaust its administrative remedies by petitioning for rulemaking with the FAA before it can resort to judicial review.
AFA appealed the dismissal, but the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the district court. The appeals court ruled that ?because the Unions did not exhaust their administrative remedies, the judgment of the district court dismissing the complaint is affirmed.?
For decades, flight attendants have suffered from the lack of occupational safety and health regulatory protections. Data obtained from the Department of Labor?s Bureau of Labor Statistics through the year 2000 and for 2006 ? 2010 show clearly that aircraft cabins are dangerous workplaces, with flight attendant injury/illness rates many times higher than those experienced by employees in private industry as a whole.
On February 14, 2012, Public Law 112-95 - FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 was signed into law following years of Congressional inability to pass a comprehensive bill to fund the FAA. This bill includes an important statute ? Sec. 829. Clarification of memorandum of understanding with OSHA ? that is intended to finally bring meaningful safety and health protections to flight attendants working in the cabin. Sec. 829 required the FAA to report to Congress within 6 months of bill passage (by August 14, 2012) on milestones for completion of work begun under the August 2000 MOU and to ?initiate development of a policy statement to set forth the circumstances in which requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration may be applied to crewmembers while working in an aircraft.? During this 6 month period, AFA worked hard to hold both agencies and the industry accountable for ensuring that flight attendants working on aircraft in operation are covered by comprehensive, regulatory safety and health protections.
On November 30, 2012, the FAA proposed, and on December 7, 2012, published a proposal in the Federal Register, a new policy for addressing flight attendant workplace safety, which came after AFA aggressively advocated for Flight Attendant safety and health protections to be included in the FAA reauthorization bill signed by President Obama in February 2012. The FAA/OSHA draft policy statement can be viewed here. The FAA requested comments on or before January 22, 2013, and many AFA members and the AFA Air Safety, Health and Security Department submitted comments, all of which can be obtained at this link; AFA?s comments are here. [NOTE: On December 21, 2012, the FAA extended the original comment deadline of January 7, 2013 to January 22, 2013 at the request of airline associations.]
On August 22, 2013, AFA?s long-term work with the FAA and OSHA resulted in a final FAA policy statement that replaced the 1975 Notice, allowed OSHA oversight, and began the implementation of several standards to regulate the safety and health of crewmembers working on aircraft in operation. In coordination with its local safety committees, AFA will collaborate with the FAA, OSHA and the airlines to ensure that Flight Attendants are provided sufficient information to understand their rights to safe, healthy cabin workplaces, and that every airline that employs AFA members complies with all relevant aspects of the applicable OSHA standards, including Flight Attendant training requirements. AFA will support the FAA and OSHA in holding the industry accountable for documenting their programs, training workers, mitigating hazards, and generally making the cabin a safer, healthier workplace.
On March 26, 2014, six months after the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) freed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to regulate the safety and health of crewmembers working on aircraft in operation, enforcement of new protections in the aircraft cabin began. To inform Flight Attendants about these changes, AFA published a detailed online booklet, .
AFA Activity and Hot Topics
Flight Attendant Union's Enduring Efforts For Safety and Health Protections In The Cabin Become Reality:
AFA media release, November 30, 2012: Flight Attendants To Have Safety And Health Protections In The Cabin
AFA press release, September 19, 2005: Flight Attendants File Suit Against Federal Agencies.
Feb. 12, 2003 AFA Presentation: Flight Attendant Injuries and Illnesses
Feb. 5, 2003 Letter: Transportation Trades Dept., AFL-CIO, to Transportation Secretary Mineta & Labor Secretary Chao
Aug. 22, 2013 The Hill Newspaper: FAA grants workplace safety rules to flight attendants
Dec. 3, 2012 Occupational Health & Safety: OSHA Steps In on Flight Attendant Safety Issues
Nov. 30, 2012 CNN: Flight attendants may gain OSHA protections while aloft
Nov. 30, 2012 Bloomberg: OSHA to Get Oversight of Flight-Attendant Work Conditions
Feb. 24, 2003 Air Safety Week: Plea for jurisdiction [AFA members-only access]
Feb. 17, 2003 Air Safety Week: Flight Attendants Injured at Four Times Overall U.S. Industry Rate [AFA members-only access]
? Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Aircraft Cabin Crewmembers
FAA Issues Policy to Improve Workplace Safety for Aircraft Cabin Crewmembers?
FAA Proposes Policy to Improve Flight Attendant Workplace Safety?
Jul.-Aug. 2002 Cabin Crew Safety; Study of Airline?s Flight Attendants Finds More Than Half of Injuries Affect Muscles and Bones in Back, Neck, Shoulders; A report on the Canadian study says that the primary risk factors were the handling of passenger baggage, the design of the galley, the design and maintenance of service trolleys, and flight attendant seating. [Register free on-line with Flight Safety Foundation]
Apr. 16, 2002 Letter: DOT Inspector General to Congressman DeFazio
Sep. 26, 2001 Letter: DOT Inspector General to FAA
Jan.?Feb. 2000 Cabin Crew Safety: Working in, Around Aircraft Cabins Requires Awareness of Fall Prevention; The availability of limited data on slips, trips and falls during normal aircraft operations complicates efforts to improve the prevention of injury to crewmembers and passengers in the cabin environment. Nevertheless, airlines periodically should review fall-prevention strategies and related training of flight attendants and other workers. [Register free on-line with Flight Safety Foundation]
Dept. of Transportation Docket (search on Docket number FAA-2003-14578)
Jul.?Aug. 1992 Cabin Crew Safety: Aviation Safety Programs Should Boost Occupational Safety Awareness in the Cabin; Air carriers should consider implementing comprehensive occupational safety programs that can, in the long run, reduce losses and increase revenues. [Register free on-line with Flight Safety Foundation]
Nov.?Dec. 1991 Cabin Crew Safety: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Menace to Health; Repetitive wrist motions, many of which are an intrinsic part of a flight attendant?s daily routine, can result in an occupational disability. [Register free on-line with Flight Safety Foundation]
Sep.?Oct. 1991 Cabin Crew Safety: Occupational Stress in the Aircraft Cabin; Occupational demands, work environment and atmospheric conditions all contribute to the stress of the cabin crew member. [Register free on-line with Flight Safety Foundation]
Download: FlightAttendantNonfatalInjuries.ppt, TTD238924_web.pdf, 091905 OHSA COMPLAINT.pdf, AFAHCS.pdf, 1990 OSHA petition.PDF, 1997 FAA letter rejecting OSHA petition.PDF, FlightAttendant_vs_PrivateIndustry_DAFW_2006-10.pdf, SAFO20009.pdf, SAFO20001.pdf, SAFO20003.pdf, SAFO20009b.pdf, SAFO20009d.pdf, SAFO20009e.pdf, SAFO20009f.pdf, 2_Sitrep75.pdf, 4_Cirium2020.pdf, 5_BTSflts.pdf, 6_BTSpax.pdf, 8_RtoR.pdf, 9_BLSlabmkt.pdf, 10_CBPP.pdf, 11_WHObrief.pdf, 17_BoeingCAQ.pdf, 18_ABtrust.pdf, 19_IATAclip.pdf, 21_HSPHcov2.pdf, 22_ASHRAEdw.pdf, 24_RP1262.pdf, 32_transcom.pdf, 37_CDCmasks.pdf, 38_TSAmasks.pdf, 40_FAA2150.pdf, 41_FAApaxdat.pdf, 42_FAA_PR.pdf, 52_CDCquar.pdf, 54_FDApfiz.pdf, 59_JHUvax.pdf | <urn:uuid:a7869cf9-19ae-4b5f-91f3-c89ee42e62c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ashsd.afacwa.org/index.cfm?zone=/unionactive/view_article.cfm&HomeID=1397&page=GovernmentRegulation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909837 | 2,275 | 2.15625 | 2 |
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Beeswax Crayon FAQs:
Our beeswax crayons are made using a blend of all-natural and food-safe ingredients. They are non-toxic and safer for children to use than traditional paraffin-based crayons in the event of accidental consumption.
The white powder on our beeswax crayons comes from “blooming”, a natural phenomenon common on beeswax products and indicates that your crayon is 100% beeswax. The substance is not harmful and can be removed using a cloth or rag.
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Beeswax crayons are best kept in a dry environment out of direct sunlight and the reach of children.
Handmade using products from the hive in Brockville, Ontario, Canada.
Shipping across Canada only. | <urn:uuid:f7fe41dd-2942-4369-8029-3eb03f446c31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://madebybees.ca/collections/kitchen-and-home/products/all-natural-beeswax-crayons-set-of-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932724 | 531 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Help us grow the Platinum Jubilee legacy
We are proud to be part of the Queen’s Green Canopy as part of Her Majesty’s Platinum Jubilee celebrations - but we need your help to make it a success.
The Queen’s Green Canopy is a unique, tree planting initiative being held across the country with people being invited to plant a tree for the Jubilee.
The initiative aims to encourage everyone to learn more about the best way to plant trees so that they survive and flourish providing a lasting legacy for years to come.
We have more than 3,500 trees to plant as part of the scheme and we need volunteers to help us.
Heather Scott, Leader of the council, said: “The Queen’s Green Canopy is a fantastic idea and I am delighted that we are able to plant trees across the borough and celebrate Her Majesty with the community.
“Please get the dates in your diary and come and help us plant the trees to mark this historic occasion.”
Tree planting dates and venues:
Baydale Beck - Thursday 17 March, 1-4pm. Meet at Edgecombe Drive/Staindrop Road
Rockwell – Saturday 19 March, 10am-1pm. Meet at Riverside Way/Hutton Avenue
£5 Note Bridge – Tuesday 22 March, 10am-1pm. Meet at Field Street
Wylam Ave – Thursday 24 March, 10am-1pm. Meet at Wylam Avenue
Low Coniscliffe - Saturday 26 March, 10am-1pm. Meet by the river (Wood Lane)
Brinkburn – Monday 28 March, 10am-1pm. Meet at Hartington Way
Heighington – Tuesday 5 Apr, 10am-1pm. Meet on the grass area next to Redworth Road/A6072
Brinkburn - Wednesday 6 April, 10am-1pm. Meet at Hartington Way
Low Coniscliffe - Friday 7 April, 10am-1pm. Meet by the river (Wood Lane)
Merrybent - Saturday 8 Apr, 10am-1pm. Meet at the bench on the grass area next to the A67/A1M bridge
All equipment will be provided but please in appropriate clothing and footwear. For more information please contact the ranger team on 406719 or email [email protected]
Updates will be posted on our Facebook page.
Details of the national Queen’s Green Canopy, the Big Jubilee Lunch and Beacon lighting can be found online.
““Please get the dates in your diary and come and help us plant the trees to mark this historic occasion.””
- Heather Scott | <urn:uuid:84b87a30-4079-4ffe-90bb-1d769edc0315> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.darlington.gov.uk/your-council/news/news-item/?id=1692 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.877496 | 559 | 1.59375 | 2 |
3 Signs You Have Wide Feet
Have you found yourself wondering if you’ll ever find a pair of shoes that will be truly comfortable? If this feels true to your experience, listen up! There are a few tell-tale signs to look out for when it comes to identifying whether or not you may have been buying the wrong size shoes this entire time. As odd as it seems, we can’t go on that initial feeling when trying on a pair of shoes alone. It’s important to factor in things like changes in weather, like heat that may cause your shoes to expand, or cold air that calls for socks which may tighten up the fit of your shoes. Did you know that by the end of the day, your feet are naturally larger than they were at the beginning of the day? This is from the way we use our feet throughout the day leading to slight swelling and expanding in normal scenarios. All of these factors and more can contribute to our feet feeling uncomfortable in nearly every pair of shoes we own, but none more so than having wide feet and not even realizing it!
Check out our top 3 signs you have wide feet:
When our feet are wider than our shoes, this causes our toes to be crammed in. Our big toe can be affected and develop a bunion, which is an inflamed, bony growth that causes the big toe to grow inwards. This is a problem that is often only treatable through surgical correction.
One of the most annoying problems when it comes to our feet are blisters – these happen when our shoes are tight and repeatedly rub against our skin. It causes a blister to form as a defense mechanism to protect the irritated skin.
It’s highly unlikely that you’ll actively notice when your feet are going flat. This can cause us to start feeling uncomfortable in shoes that were once comfortable. Whether it’s genetics, high-impact activities, going barefoot too often, or being obese, flat feet cause your feet to become wider.
If you suspect you might have wide feet or if you have any other foot problems or issues mentioned above, don’t hesitate to visit us at Foot & Ankle Specialists of Central PA. Dr. Terry H. Clarke and Dr. Karen M. Leonard are here to help! Call us today at (717) 620-8225 to set up an appointment with us in Mechanicsburg, PA. | <urn:uuid:7301b23e-a461-4456-96ce-236d1eb47351> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://footandanklespecialistsofcentralpa.com/blog/3-signs-you-have-wide-feet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956904 | 508 | 1.5 | 2 |
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a confluence of various factors was already driving a transition to the cloud. Today, we already find that many companies have a digital first approach. The move to a cloud-centric digital infrastructure is already happening at an expedited pace, due to the pandemic.
The COVID-19 crisis has only served to further accelerate the pace of cloud adoption. There is no doubt that the cloud, as a form of technology, has immense potential that most organizations fail to capitalize. Insights derived from McKinsey highlight how companies can unlock the true potential of the cloud, which will give them an edge over their competitors.
Truth about cloud adoption
It is no secret that the big-three public cloud providers (AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform) have seen their revenues increase five-fold. To meet the unprecedented surge in demand, they have also scaled up their capital expenditure. Today, the cloud has become like something of necessity, as remote-working has become widespread due to the new normal. Cloud technology is being used in some way by 90 percent of the organizations, who were surveyed.
Cloud adopters today are lured in with the promise of a flexible infrastructure capacity, faster time to market for digital products, and rapid capacity deployment. The new normal has brought about a heightened awareness in organizations about infrastructure-economics, and the need for speed and agility, which are delivered via cloud based services for enterprises today.
However, many enterprises are finding it difficult to capture the value of their cloud in their operations. Around 30 percent of the cloud spend is wasted, as per enterprises. Further, managing cloud spend is a challenge for as much as 80 percent of the organizations surveyed.
Unlocking value in the cloud
There are three dimensions – rejuvenate, pioneer, and innovate – for unlocking value via cloud adoption. Management leaders can start by focussing on the following actions: Adopt cloud-native methods of functioning, invest in cloud platforms that are standardized and automated, set big targets, and pursue a hard-headed economic case.
Rejuvenate: Unlike conventional approaches to use the cloud to minimize costs and risk across core and IT approaches, rejuvenate delineates a change in approach from cloud adoption conventions: This is accomplished by identifying bottlenecks and managing resources better, sizing computer services to scale, and waste elimination. Overall, rejuvenation efforts have the potential to unlock $430 billion in the cloud for the industry.
Innovate: This dimension is about using cloud capabilities to accelerate innovation in sync with other technologies like automation, IoT, and AI. Such an approach would would enable innovation-driven growth and cost optimization in the business operations of companies. The potential use cases are vast and varied. However, the number of organizations with the cloud maturity that can implement the innovation dimension are few. Innovation efforts have the potential to unlock $770 billion in value for the industry.
Pioneer: In this dimension of cloud adoption, the value of the cloud can be extended by enterprises that have acquired a certain level of cloud maturity. New technologies like quantum computing, 3d printing, AR and VR, and blockchain can be experimented with to maximize value generation. Pioneering efforts have the potential to unlock even more additional value in the cloud.
Areas of focus
As organizations move to the cloud, there will be a paradigm shift in how companies will consume and source the cloud, which will impact value leakage and value accretion. The first thing that organizations moving to the cloud would need is a mindset shift. They would have to foster a dynamic model that accounts for the finer nuances and idiosyncrasies of cloud economics. | <urn:uuid:656d8ba3-a47b-4d2b-8448-51c06e6db85c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://etinsights.et-edge.com/cloud-adoption-a-trillion-dollar-opportunity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958371 | 747 | 1.75 | 2 |
The Frye Company was founded in 1863 by John A. Frye, a shoemaker from England. Frye products have a long and illustrious history. Frye® boots were worn by soldiers for both sides of America’s Civil War, soldiers in the Spanish-America war, and for Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders. Many New England families during the mid and late 1800’s wore Frye boots as they pioneered across the country to the West.
Frye’s current Harness Boots are rooted in tradition and continue to draw influence from the Cavalry. Today the classic Harness Boot holds a place in American culture. The Frye Harness Boot has been pictured in fashion spreads internationally. In 1938, on a trip to Washington, D.C., John A. Frye’s grandson and namesake met a U.S. Navy Admiral who confided that he had trouble finding the Wellington boots he liked so much. As a favor, John agreed to make him a pair. Frye continued to fill requests for these boots through the Second World War. During World War II, Frye supplied thousands of servicemen with Frye Wellington boots, known as Jet Boots, by mail order.
In the 1960’s, Frye reintroduced the Campus Boot, from its 1860 original, featuring a bulky toe and chunky heel that came to epitomize the attitude and the style of the 60’s and 70’s. There was nothing like these “new” Frye Boots on the market, and consumers began to demand “Original Fryes.” When searching for items to represent the America of the 60’s, the Smithsonian Institute chose a pair of Frye Boots.
The quality of all Frye shoes is timeless. For almost 150 years, Frye leather products have continued to be benchcrafted from the finest full grain leather uppers. It takes over 190 steps to make one pair of Frye boots. Frye remains dedicated to the commitment of craftsmanship for which Frye bootsand Frye shoes have been known for more than 100 years. | <urn:uuid:c61020f7-5df7-465b-abda-89719aa80f6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thesoftshoe.com/frye/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958588 | 437 | 2.140625 | 2 |
More than 1 in 5 off-reserve aboriginal adults have contemplated suicide, StatsCan says
Higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts among those with mood disorders
More than one in five aboriginal adults living off-reserve say they've contemplated suicide at some point in their lives, Statistics Canada reported Tuesday.
The prevalence of suicidal thoughts was higher among First Nations people living off-reserve, Métis and Inuit adults than among non-aboriginal adults, with the exception of Métis men, whose tendencies closely mirrored those of non-aboriginal men, suggests a Statistics Canada study based on the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey and the 2012 Canadian Community Survey — Mental Health.
Suicidal thoughts were reported by 26 per cent of off-reserve First Nations women surveyed, compared to 23.8 per cent for Inuit women and 23.4 per cent for Métis women. Among non-aboriginal women surveyed, 13.8 per cent reported contemplating suicide.
Compared to non-aboriginal men (11.1 per cent), about twice as many Inuit men (23.1 per cent) and off-reserve First Nations men (21.4 per cent) reported suicidal thoughts. Métis men (14.9 per cent) had similar rates of suicidal thoughts as non-indigenous men.
Mood disorders, drug use affect rates
The study make links between the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and mood disorders and perceived self-worth. For example, First Nations men with mental illness (47 per cent) were more than three times as likely as First Nations men without mental illness to have such thoughts.
Factors such as heavy drinking, smoking, general health and divorce also affected the incidence of suicidal tendencies, the report suggests.
Statistics Canada warns the results have certain limitations, including that the stigma associated with suicide could lead to under-reporting, and the study does not include First Nations adults living on-reserve. | <urn:uuid:cebde7fb-ff42-424c-b4d0-39f5a46ab45c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/aboriginal-adults-suicide-statscan-1.3410023 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95228 | 398 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Covid symptoms: Centaurus sub-variant identified – signs of infection
Coronavirus: UK infections are up but does it matter?
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Just like the common cold, COVID-19 also results in a sore throat and a headache leading many to think they have a cold when they actually have Covid and vice versa.
However, according to the team behind the UK’s ZOE Covid Symptom Study app which collects data from the public about symptoms, there is a way to determine whether a sore throat is being caused by Covid or a cold.
They say a sore throat caused by Covid lasts no more than five days and will normally improve “quite quickly” and will feel “worse on the first day of infection but get better on each following day”.
If the sore throat lasts for longer than five days, they add it is more likely to not be COVID-19.
What are the other tell-tale signs of COVID-19?
According to the NHS, other symptoms of COVID-19 to look out for include:
• A high temperature or shivering
• A new, continuous cough
• A loss or change to your sense of smell or taste
• Shortness of breath
• Feeling tired or exhausted
• An aching body
• A headache
• A blocked or runny nose
• Loss of appetite
• Feeling or being sick.
What should you do if you test positive for COVID-19?
With the lifting of all restrictions, there are no longer any legal requirements to self-isolate after diagnosis with COVID-19.
However, the NHS says people should: “Try to stay at home and avoid contact with other people if you have symptoms of COVID-19 and either a high temperature or they do not feel well enough to conduct normal activities.”
They also add people should: “Take extra care to avoid close contact with anyone who is at higher risk of getting seriously ill from COVID-19.”
Why is there so much talk about COVID-19 at the moment?
The answer is simple; cases are skyrocketing.
In the past week the UK recorded its highest number of cases since mass testing began.
This has been driven by two subvariants of Omicron known as BA.4 and BA.5; these have already ravaged South Africa and are beginning to do the same in the UK.
Furthermore, there are concerns about another subvariant of Omicron known as BA.2.75, a variant already nicknamed “Centaurus”.
The reason why Centaurus is of concern is because it contains a significant number of mutations.
Dr Stephen Griffin of the University of Leeds says: “This could mean that it has had the chance to evolve an advantage over an already successful virus lineage.”
What all this translates into is the trampling of the notion that Covid is over; in almost every sense these three new variants are teaching the world that it very much isn’t.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:a999edb6-9293-4ac8-8c90-d5e0b3085e4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mental-fitness-group.com/health-news/covid-symptoms-centaurus-sub-variant-identified-signs-of-infection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955048 | 707 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Yesterday I was excited as I taught the children to “leap” with praise. In worship we read Acts 3, the story in which Peter and John healed a crippled beggar outside the temple gate and the man entered the temple with them, “walking and leaping and praising God.” The children and I enjoyed leaping up to give God’s praise. Their energy got me ready to preach.
The original healing and leaping gave Peter the opportunity to preach as well. The miracle caused such a commotion that Peter had to address the crowd to direct the crowd’s attention away from John and himself and back to Jesus Christ. He called the crowd to repent and turn to God (Acts 3:19).
This is Peter’s second sermon in the book of Acts. After the first, on the day of Pentecost, the crowd asked what they needed to do. Peter respond, “Repent and be baptized;” three thousand were baptized that day (Acts 2:38,41). Marvelous fruit for one sermon.
Peter’s second sermon had a different effect: the priest and officials of the temple arrestted them because they were proclaiming that in Jesus there is the resurrection of the dead (Acts 4:1-2). Peter and John were “acting out” against the norms of their temple religion and had to be quieted in some way. So the leaders questioned Peter and John by whose authority they were teaching and healing. Peter, by the Holy Spirit declared to these religious officials,
Let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel, that this man is standing before you in good health by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead (Acts 2:10).
Nothing is keeping Peter from proclaiming Jesus with all boldness, even to the gang that had Jesus executed.
May we each have such boldness to proclaim Jesus Christ.
Lord Jesus, give me courage to speak your name, even to act out when needed. | <urn:uuid:175e3f33-3540-44c0-b359-36b041308b69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pastorjohnkeller.org/tag/acts-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979751 | 430 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The thrilling historical performance ensemble Figure will present a fresh and intimate semi-stage performance of Handel’s Serse at London’s Holland Park Opera in June. The recently created group aims to represent the rising generation of historical musicians, valuing intimacy in interpretation and, above all, the human connection that gives meaning to music.
When King Serse falls in love with the voice of his brother’s beloved, he tries to use his authority to force her to marry him in this exploration of power, desire, and human frailty. Serse features some of Handel’s most striking music, including one of his most famous arias, “Ombra mai fu.” This stunning and vibrant score will be brought to life by a dramatic physical theater ensemble led by movement specialist Sam Rayner (Jack Whitehall: In general, NETFLIX; Umm Kulthum and the Golden Age, London Palladium)
Recently nominated by the Evening Standard as one of the UK’s most influential artists, the British soprano Sarah Tynan will play the role of Romilda, with the famous Mezzo Soprano Cecilia Room (The Metropolitan Opera; Oper Frankfurt) singing the title role. Figure will use space and light to capture the heart of this expressive composition and bring the audience as close to the music as possible.
Founder and Music Director Frederick Waxman (Founder of Ante Terminum) said, “This is a fantastic opportunity for Figure and an incredible achievement in our first year in business. Opera Holland Park has a reputation for supporting young talent and we are delighted to perform with them. Serse is one of Handel’s greatest works and where better to present it than here, surrounded by the plane trees of Holland Park, the subject of his magnificent opera aria ‘Ombra mai fu’.
In honor of the central figure of ‘Ombra mai fu’, Figure will partner with The Conservation Foundation as part of its Heritage Tree campaign. After planting a large number of trees over its 40 years, the organization now centralizes its fundraising to spread support across its entire urban flora to promote, encourage and celebrate tree interests rather than just planting trees.
The work took flight, with singers and musicians beautifully delivering its climactic moments of dread and joy… The whole performance had a thrilling immediacy (Michael Church, music critic for The Independent, on the Passion according to Saint John).
Tickets are priced from £20 to £50 and can be purchased at https://operahollandpark.com/productions/serse-2022/ | <urn:uuid:9eafff4c-bdee-4c41-a909-6ca40edf6531> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.virtual-opera.com/the-historically-informed-performance-of-handels-serse-arrives-at-opera-holland-park-june-30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941166 | 545 | 1.546875 | 2 |
ἀρά | ἀραιός | ἄρης | ἤρα | Ἥρα | Ἡραῖος |
a-re | ἀρά (ara) | prayer
a-re | ἄρη(ς) (ares) | to draw, to lift *in prayer
a-re | ἤρα (era) | acceptable gifts, kindness
a-re | Ἥρα (Hera)
Knossos (Scribes 132, 138)
Prayer is a major theme in ancient Greece, and, as shall become evident, this theme is expressed in numerous LinB words. Compare ἀρά (ara) “prayer” with Ἥρα “Hera”, who, through ἤρα “acceptable gifts”, is the personification of kindness. Infl. a-re-i-jo.
a-re-i-jo | ἀραιό(ς) (araios) | (1) entreated, prayed to; (2) narrow, slender, slight
a-re-i-jo | Ἡραῖο(ς) (Heraios) | of Hera
KN L 641 (Scribe 103)
PY An 656 (Scribe 1)
As the personification of ἀρά (ara) “prayer” (see a-re), Ἥρα (Hera), is the slender mistress to whom everyone prays. Cf. e-re-wi-jo-po-ti-ni-ja. | <urn:uuid:69976cdc-e858-4e1f-aeda-9d115e52367c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://konosos.net/2013/12/21/linear-b-to-greek-a-re/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.684021 | 403 | 2.828125 | 3 |
There are a multitude of principles used in business, some are industry specific, others are functions of business. But there is one that is a general principle that is used across the board in all areas of business. It is called the ‘Substitution Principle’. It works just like the substitution principle in math that we all learned about in algebra.
A basic business principle that analyzes a situation or condition by using substitution to evaluate the difference between the accepted standard and the actual. The principle is widely used in management replacement, business valuation, and product/resource replacement decision models. | <urn:uuid:421575db-b0d8-4728-80d0-355f50a4c453> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessecon.org/tag/substitution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944964 | 123 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Learn how to make cornstarch and conditioner playdough today! It doesn’t get any easier than this recipe with only 2 ingredients.
Playdough is not only fun but through play, your children will be gaining some amazing and important skills.
While your child creates and manipulates the playdough they are developing eye-hand coordination while improving strength and dexterity in their hands and fingers. This Fine Motor Skill Development is a great head start for later skills like holding a pencil, drawing, writing etc.
Buying playdough can get expensive. But don’t worry because there are is good playdough recipe with cornstarch or flour. We have this beautiful soft homemade playdough, in fact it is so soft sometimes it is called cloud dough.
Best of all this is a 2 minute playdough with only 2 ingredients.
So read on to learn how to make cloud dough that is so soft to play with!
Cornstarch and Conditioner Playdough
This 2 ingredient playdough recipe is so easy because we will be using simple everyday products, that you most likely have at home right now: Conditioner and cornstarch!
If you want to see the supplies I used myself, here they are:
- Food Coloring or Bath Bomb Coloring (from experience, bath bomb coloring don;t stain our hands so much as some brands of food coloring).
How To Make Playdough With Conditioner and Cornstarch
To make your playdough mix two parts cornstarch to one part hair conditioner. Knead together to create an amazing, soft playdough.
You will find that if you play with the measurements you will produce a cornstarch and conditioner slime, how cool is that?
We used scented, and colored conditioner for a little fun and to add extra sensory play.
If you use white conditioner just add a little food coloring to create the colors you want.
How To Store Homemade Playdough
You want to keep your super soft playdough recipe from drying, of course!
Then just pop in an airtight container and this play dough will last around 1 week.
But it is so easy to make that you can make a new batch in seriously 2 minutes.
Also, because it is such an affordable recipe, you can bring along to day trips and the outdoors.
You don’t have to worry if the playdough will be ruined with dirt or sand, so the kids can enjoy more and you can stress less!
And that is it, I hope you have enjoyed our cornstarch clay recipe!
Do you have a good playdough recipe that you want to share with us? Let me know in comments below. | <urn:uuid:c295ec6f-aa45-4a97-bc07-7e5e787aa4b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://merakimother.com/cornstarch-and-conditioner-playdough/?utm_medium=social&utm_source=pinterest&utm_campaign=tailwind_tribes&utm_content=tribes&utm_term=1156095982_57137714_221275 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939515 | 582 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Cookies provide a method for creating a stateful HTTP session and their recommended use is formally defined within RFC2965 and BCP44.
Although they are used for many purposes, they are often used to maintain a Session ID (SID), through which an individual user can be identified throughout their interaction with the site. For a site that requires authentication, this SID is typically passed to the user after they have authenticated and effectively maintains the authentication state. If an attacker can use a mechanism (such as sniffing or cross site scripting) to gain access to the SID, then potentially they can incorporate it within their own session to successfully assume the users identity. The cookie specifications provide arguments for restricting the domain and path for which the user agent (browser) will supply the cookie. Both of these should be matched by the request before the user agent sends the cookie data to the server.
It is common for the path argument to be specified as the root of the origin server; a practise that can expose the application cookies to unnecessary additional scrutiny. It is worth noting however, that whilst the various “same origin” security issues still afflict the browser vendors, the specification of the cookie path argument is somewhat of a moot point.
Download the paper in PDF format here. | <urn:uuid:37ac4475-d836-4559-9f3d-991cc635bc69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2004/06/27/cookie-path-best-practice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936829 | 259 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Words that Rhyme with pious
2 Syllable Words
bias, byas, byus, dyas, dyess, kious, pius, vyas
3 Syllable Words
darius, elias, mathias, matthias, tobias
4 Syllable Words
Definitions of pious
a. Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly.
a. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety; as, pious errors; pious frauds. | <urn:uuid:636cb8ab-912d-4d75-8060-06ba6445ae23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rhymenow.com/?op=find_rhymes&search_term=pious&excludewordsnotindict&order_by | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.696832 | 133 | 2.140625 | 2 |
A war bride and child arrive at Bonaventure Station in Montreal, Quebec, on 4 March 1946. The mother and child had travelled across the ocean on board the SS Aquitania.
In July 1940, English teenager June Watkins met the young Canadian soldier who would become her husband. Jack King of the West Nova Scotia Regiment had arrived in Britain the previous year. “We met while he was playing drums in the army band at a dance in London. We had one dance and that was the beginning of a beautiful story that has no end,” she later recalled. By 1943, the two were married and in March 1945, Mrs. June (Watkins) King arrived at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to start a new life in Canada.
A War Bride Remembers
“The boat was full of war brides and some returning soldiers,” June (Watkins) King recalled of her journey across the Atlantic. “I was 21, scared and lonely, already missing my family and friends… To this day I still miss my large close-knit family.”
Jack King was one of nearly 48,000 Canadian servicemen who married overseas during the Second World War. Between 1942 and 1947, the government brought 47,783 "war brides” and their 21,950 children to Canada. Relatively few came before the war's end. They began arriving in earnest when the RMSMauretania, carrying 943 women and children, docked at Pier 21 in Halifax on 10 February 1946.
War brides and their children en route to Canada. Photo taken in England, 17 April 1944.
June King, like her war bride sisters, came to Canada for love. The heightened emotions of war, fostered by anxiety and nurtured by fear, made romance especially poignant. Young soldiers, airmen and sailors, many away from home for the first time, were lonely and homesick. The exuberance of youth was not completely dampened by the exigencies of war. It was only natural that the men would find companionship with the war-weary young women who were deprived of basic necessities, whose boyfriends were far away and who hadn't had much fun in a very long time.
Most couples met at dance halls and pubs — it was difficult for any woman to conduct her daily business without encountering foreign servicemen. Like June and Jack, many of them met at dances organized to bolster morale. Mutual attraction grew quickly into love. Knowing their time together would be brief, many of the young couples married on short acquaintance. The first marriage of a Canadian serviceman to a British woman occurred on 28 January 1940, less than 40 days after the first Canadian troops arrived in Britain.
The war brides travelled to Canada without their husbands, who had already been repatriated or were still on overseas duty. Most of the war brides — 44,886 of them — were from Great Britain. The rest came from the Netherlands and other European countries, as well as Africa, Russia, India, Australia, and the Caribbean. Transporting the dependents was initially the responsibility of the Immigration Branch of the Canadian Department of Mines and Resources. In August 1944, the Department of National Defence took over, establishing the Canadian Wives Bureau. The Red Cross also helped women and children on their journey to Canada.
Assistant Matron Kathleen Hurley helping war bride Mrs. H.F. Whitmore and her son Mervin, who are en route to Canada. Photo taken at the Maple Leaf Club in London, England, on 4 December 1944.
The war brides were taken care of from beginning to end of their voyage. The Canadian Wives Bureau arranged the women's passage, delivered them to their ships and distributed information. Red Cross volunteers tended to their needs in the hostels where they stayed awaiting departure. Once aboard ship, the women and children were under the care of the Army Conducting Staffs. This included doctors, nurses and orderlies from the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps. Volunteers from the Red Cross Corps provided crucial assistance on board as well, making the crossing many times with the women.
Escorting officers Helen Drope and Patricia Keene of the Canadian Red Cross serving supper to the children of war brides en route to Canada aboard SS Letitia.(Photo taken on 2 April 1946 in Liverpool, England.)
For some war brides, the Red Cross escorts and the relative abundance of food (many items were rationed in Britain) made the two-week crossing a luxury cruise. For others, the nausea of seasickness or pregnancy made the journey torturous. The crying of seasick children grated on the nerves. The first trip made it obvious that troop ships were unsatisfactory transport for seasick women and children. Bathroom facilities were inadequate, and the ship reeked of vomit and dirty diapers. By 1946, however, conditions had improved. War brides and their children travelled to Canada on refitted luxury liners like the Aquitania and Queen Mary.
Mrs. J.W. Perry, a war bride, and her daughter Sheila aboard S.S. Letitia en route to Canada, where Mrs. Perry will join her husband.(Photo taken on 2 April 1946 in Liverpool, England.)
Upon arrival in Canada, women travelling beyond Nova Scotia continued by train, still escorted by the Red Cross. It was nerve-wracking, coming to a new country to join husbands whom they barely knew and whose families they had never met. Many feared their arrival would not be well-received.
Canada was a culture shock for many, especially big-city girls who suddenly found themselves in rustic farmhouses without running water or indoor plumbing. For some, the dashing soldiers they had met in Europe were broken by war, strangers to their families and new wives. The post-war housing shortage left many brides living with their husbands' families, outsiders in an unfamiliar environment.
Like June, many war brides found a warm welcome among the families of the men for whom they had left home and kin. As June and Jack made a home for their family, she, like most war brides, adjusted and persevered, growing to love her adopted homeland. | <urn:uuid:e0e21f37-8b57-4f74-8f08-22d95d70cc9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/war-brides-they-came-for-love-feature | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.980702 | 1,276 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Law Of Attraction Là Gì
The law of attraction activates a person’s vibrations through positive thinking. Positive thinking will increase your chances of attracting the person or object you desire into your life. Positive thinking is an ancient technique that can bring good things to your life. You can apply this technique to achieve your personal goals by focusing on what you want. Visualize what you want and think about it often.
The Law of Attraction is simple to understand. It is a simple concept that has been around for many decades. This concept is taught in many religions and cultures. By visualizing your goal, you can create the life you desire. You will be happier, healthier, and more compassionate towards the world. Your life will eventually become the life you desire. And once you achieve it, you’ll be able to enjoy it!
Remember that the Law of Attraction is responsive to the signals we send out to the universe. It is important to reflect on the good things in your life and affirm them. Positive thoughts will lead to more fulfillment. It is the best way to achieve positive results. So, keep practicing and see what happens! Keep your eyes open to all possibilities. You will be amazed at how far you can get!
A simple method for manifesting the things you desire is to visualize the end result of your desired life. Visualizing your goal can help you reinforce your law of attraction practice. Visualizing your future is a powerful tool to visualize it. Allowing yourself to manifest it can help you attract it into the world. To help you stay focused on your goal, you can create a vision board. You’ll be sure that you attract it into your daily life.
Perfecting your current job is another simple way to implement the Law of Attraction. You’ll attract a better job if you do a great job at your current job. The same holds true for the next job you want. Attracting the job you want will make it easier for you to get it. You’ll be happier, more attractive and more likely to get promoted within your current company. If you are still unemployed, talk to a coworker about your ideal job.
Negative thoughts create negative experiences. Having negative thoughts about your life will manifest itself in more stressful circumstances. You will see the things you want everywhere. This will eventually be your reality. You’ll see the Law of Attraction everywhere you go as you practice it. It will be hard to ignore how much you’ve seen it, but you can learn to use it to your advantage. The Universe will respond to your intention to manifest it.
One of the most important manifestations you want to attract is material abundance and wealth. You have a life purpose, set by the Universe. The Universe sets your purpose, but most people choose their goals based on their wants and values, rather than on their deepest principled desires. However, if you’ve chosen to pursue your dreams without any kind of purpose, you’re more likely to achieve them with less passion. Your actions will mirror your intentions, and the Universe will reward you accordingly.
Thoughts can have frequencies between 40,000 Hz to four X 1014 HZ. Although our brain waves may be slow and inefficient, our thoughts can still be perceived as formless and manifestations of the will of the universe. If you apply the Law of Attraction, you can manifest whatever you want. Positive thoughts will increase your chances of attracting it into your life. This will allow you to create the life that you desire and make it more comfortable.
It is hard to explain the concept of manifesting your destiny. There are many resources that can help you to understand this concept. You can follow the advice of Cali Estes, a life coach and founder of The Addictions Coach. Other experts include April Masini, a popular media personality and relationship expert. Davida Rappaport is an intuitive psychic who has spent her entire life studying and teaching Law of Attraction. | <urn:uuid:6ab92693-25c3-41e3-93cc-c0c4809d6ecd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guano-gro.com/law-of-attraction-la-gi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948402 | 825 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Table of Contents
What is required to be a USDA inspector?
The basic qualifications for USDA food inspectors are simple. They must have either a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, such as agriculture or food science, or they must have a minimum of one year's experience in a relevant job. All experience must have been acquired after you turned 16.
What qualifications do I need to be a food inspector?
A degree in Food Technology, a diploma in Environmental Health and/or a Higher Certificate in Food Premises Inspection may be required. An understanding of HACCP, and a qualification, is often also specified.
How long does it take to become a USDA inspector?
To qualify for an entry-level Food Inspector position, you must pass a written test and have either completed a 4-year course of study leading to a bachelor's degree (with at least 12 semester hours in the biological, physical, mathematical, or agricultural sciences) or 1 year of job-related experience (in the food
Related Question how to become a usda inspector
Is food inspector a government job?
In India, the State Government or Central Government hires a Food Safety Officer at an Administrative Post. The recruitment is done based on State Civil Services (SCS) examination in the concerned state.
Do I want to be a food inspector?
To become Food Inspector a candidate needs to be Graduate in any discipline. After completing the three years bachelor degree course, a candidate acquires eligibility to appear for Food Inspector selection examination. This exam is being conducted by Central Government and State Governments both from time to time.
How much does the USDA make?
USDA Inspector Salary in California
|Annual Salary||Monthly Pay|
Can you sell USDA Meat?
Meat that has been slaughtered and processed under USDA inspection can be sold by the carcass (or half, quarter, etc.) or as individual retail cuts. Meat sold to restaurants, grocery stores or at farmers markets must be USDA Inspected. The farmer cannot add anything else to the label without prior approval.
Can I sell beef from my farm?
Yes, many farmers sell meats directly off their farm. These meats are still required to be processed in a state– or federally-inspected facility and must be labeled properly just as if you were selling the meats any where else. | <urn:uuid:f459cfda-020d-4bd9-8244-2d759218374c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sarahjocrawford.com/how-to-become-a-usda-inspector/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949061 | 541 | 2.4375 | 2 |
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The Apple Watch is no longer being impacted by a tariff applied by the U.S. government on goods imported from China as part of its trade war, with the U.S. Trade Representative approving the exclusion of the wearable device from the financial measures.
On September 1, 2019, the administration of President Donald Trump applied a tariffon goods imported from China, affecting a wide array of Apple products, including the Apple Watch, HomePod, Mac models, and all headphones. As with its other products, Apple petitioned the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) in November to exclude its products from the tariff, which had made importing goods for sale in the United States more expensive.
The USTR has, months later, wrote to Apple and informed of its decision to exclude the Apple Watch from the tariff, Bloomberg reports. The decision means it has become immediately cheaper for Apple to import the Apple Watch into the United States.
Apple's argument to the USTR claimed the Apple Watch wasn't "strategically important," nor related to Chinese initiatives such as "Made in China 2025," which are designed to encourage manufacturing in the country. Apple also claimed it had yet to find a suitable source for Apple Watch assembly based outside of China that could cope with U.S. demand for the product.
Initially the tariff, which was applied as part of an ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China, increased the cost to Apple for importing the Apple Watch up by 15%. This was later reduced down to 7.5% on February 15, as part of an agreement with Beijing to relax some of the tariffs. The deal in December also eliminated another wave of tariffs due to be implemented on December 15, which would have affected the iPhone, iPad, and MacBook lines.
When asked for comment, an Apple spokesperson said the company had nothing to add to the USTR filing. | <urn:uuid:1626be3d-acfb-4fdf-9e74-b78126ee3e9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/23/us-lifts-tariffs-on-apple-watch-imports-from-china | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978473 | 417 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Circles of Hope aim to alleviate poverty
Friday, May 1, 2009
By Mary Caffrey Knapke
SIDNEY DEANERY — Call it speed dating with a twist. The popular trend of timed “round-robin” dating provides an opportunity for people to meet and, in a few short minutes, determine if they would like to get to know each other better. At a recent gathering in Troy, the people participating in “speed dating” were not in search of romance, but rather the people they might like to have in their Circle of Hope.
The event was part of a recent Circles of Hope meeting, where people are building relationships across class and race lines in an effort to alleviate poverty in their community. Parishioners from St. Patrick Catholic Church in Troy are part of this effort.
Pat Smith, coordinator of adult faith formation at St. Patrick, has been active with Circles of Hope in a variety of functions over the past several years. Currently, she is part of the group’s guiding coalition, which oversees the development and implementation of program initiatives.
|Circles of Hope leaders and allies participated in a version of “speed dating” at a recent meeting in Troy. (CT/Mary Caffrey Knapke)|
Smith said the success of the program stems from its unique approach to fighting poverty. Motivated individuals, couples or families who want to work their way out of poverty become Circle leaders. They complete a 16-week course called Getting Ahead and attend Circle meetings. In addition, leaders are paired with three to four allies, community members who serve as resources and friends. Allies also attend Circle meetings, serving four to 10 hours of volunteer time a month. Both leaders and allies commit to the initiative for about a year.
The Circles Campaign was initiated by the Move the Mountain Leadership Center in Ames, Iowa. Thirty-four communities are currently active in 16 states. In Ohio active Circles exist in Columbus, Lima, Springfield and Troy; other Circles are being formed in Dayton, Tipp City and Wooster.
In most communities, Circles is sponsored by a nonprofit organization or other aid agency. In Troy, however, the program is sponsored by Partners in Hope, a consortium of 16 local churches. Partners in Hope coordinates assistance to low-income families and has been active in Troy for 19 years. Circles of Hope is just one of the organization’s ministries.
Allison DeHart, director of Partners in Hope, said that Circles was initiated in Troy in an effort to “try to develop a ministry that would move beyond meeting the basic needs of families when they came into the office in a crisis situation. We wanted to try to build relationships that would lead to greater self-sufficiency and help families move out of poverty.”
Smith said that for people living in poverty, positive relationships can make a real difference. “They have people they can turn to that can help guide them in the right direction and give them that hope, give them that feeling that they can make it,” she said. “They’ve got people in their life that care about them, and it’s just so neat to see how [leaders and allies] have grown together. They’ve built a relationship.”
One of Smith’s responsibilities is to schedule guest speakers for Circles of Hope meetings. Some topics have included consumer credit counseling, education, finances and budgeting, neighborhood safety, nutrition, parenting, self-esteem and stress management.
DeHart said the sessions are delivered in an “intimate, kitchen-table type of experience. It’s not like a classroom with a teacher. It’s small-group discussion and facilitation.”
Since Circles of Hope was initiated in Troy two years ago, a total of 13 Circle leaders have graduated from the Getting Ahead course. The first group of seven is nearing the completion of their commitment, while the six members of the second group will soon begin to work with their allies. Individuals who become Circle leaders often are referred by agencies or churches and complete an application process before beginning the program.
Circle leaders are also asked to give back to their community any way they can. Some leaders contribute food for weekly meals, while others now serve on the group’s planning team or other committees. One former participant now works with Partners in Hope as an AmeriCorps volunteer.
“I think that [Circle leaders] have this motivation now and this hope. This hope I think is something that really gives them the drive to continue. They can make it. And they have the support of other people to turn to, to give them that encouragement,” Smith said.
DeHart said that “when people have personal friendships with someone in poverty, they’ll be much more motivated to advocate for change in their community. It makes it easier for low-income families to gain greater self-sufficiency.”
She continued, “a lot of times, the system that’s supposed to help families can be very frustrating and not empowering, and so this is a way of building community around people and helping them achieve their dreams and their goals.”
Joyce Croft, also a parishioner at St. Patrick, coordinates the meals that are provided for leaders and allies prior to each meeting. She works with each of Partners in Hope’s participating churches, as well as community organizations and businesses to organize everything from donations of food to the volunteers who serve the weekly meals.
“It’s encouraging to see the Circle leaders setting goals and succeeding,” Croft said. “They’ve bonded with their allies. The program runs very smoothly, and there’s a lot of enthusiasm.”
Recently, about 30 people from across the U.S. and Canada visited Troy to learn more about the way Circles of Hope is implemented here.
“In just two years since we started our program, now people are learning from us,” DeHart said. For more information about Circles of Hope, contact Allison DeHart at 937-335-0448 or [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:24852c26-dc80-4d51-88b1-0b7cc8eaa71c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thecatholictelegraph.com/circles-of-hope-aim-to-alleviate-poverty/65 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971083 | 1,294 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Covid in the county
Vaccines for ages 5-11 in the works as case numbers decline
J ust 32 active cases of Covid-19 were being reported in Madison County by the State of Montana’s official coronavirus tracking system on the morning of Nov. 2. It’s a number on the decline, mirroring what’s being seen across the state.
Madison County Public Health Director Emilie Sayler provided the Madison County Board of Commissioners with their weekly virus-related update on Tuesday.
Five Madison County residents were hospitalized as of the start of November; 99 county residents have been hospitalized since the start of the pandemic.
Statewide, cumulative active cases were down to 9,528 as of Nov. 2. Sayler explained that number has been dropping by 1,000 a week the past few weeks.
“Which is really good news,” said Sayler, who participates in a weekly call with the state’s epidemiologist who had predicted a downward trend in cases in coming weeks, “It looks like that might be the case.”
The number of covid-related deaths in the county had long rested at eight individuals – this number has risen to 11, and Sayler said she expects to add one more individual to that list once documentation is secured.
Statewide, 2,266 Montanans have died from complications related to the virus as of Nov. 2.
On the vaccination front, 55% of eligible Montanans, 12 years and older, have been fully vaccinated. In Madison County that number sits at 47%. Fifty-one percent of eligible individuals have received at least a first dose.
In the midst of the FDA’s authorization of the Pfizer vaccine for younger populations, Sayler confirmed that the county’s health department is in the process of expanding vaccination offerings to five to 11-year-olds. The ages 5-11 vaccine will be packaged and dosed differently than before, so there will be a delay in initial procurement. In addition, the county does not actively offer Pfizer for any age.
“There is a potential that we could bring it in through public health or through our local healthcare facilities if there’s the demand, and we can meet the packaging and storage needs,” Sayler told commissioners.
However, the county’s health department is currently unable to administer vaccines of any kind, as the MCPHD nurse position remains vacant. That’s not to say there are no local options available: both county hospitals as well as upcoming mobile vaccination clinics are available for not only Covid-19 vaccines and boosters but also jabs for the flu, pneumonia, shingles and T-dap. | <urn:uuid:f20af668-94e5-41b0-a90a-6c5d669a96f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.madisoniannews.com/covid-19/covid-county-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961903 | 569 | 1.5 | 2 |
Janvier, Rene-Ambroise a French Benedictine monk, was born at Sainte-Osmane, on the Main, in 1613. He was one of the most distinguished Hebraists of the 17th century, and is celebrated for his Latin translations of several Jewish commentaries, among which are a translation of Kimchi's commentary on the Psalms entitled R. Dav. Kinechi Commnentarii in Psalmos (Paris. 1666, 4to). He died at Paris April 25,1682. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Genesis 26:363; Haureau, Hist. Litteraire du Main, 2, 115; Hist. littie. de la Congreg. de St. Maur, p. 101. | <urn:uuid:b8e3d5c3-fb24-4213-8838-5e56732add78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/J/janvier-rene-ambroise.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.918399 | 172 | 2.125 | 2 |
“La haine attire la haine.” (Hate attracts hate.) – from La Haine, dir. Mathieu Kassovitz.
I don’t think I have to dispute the psychological actuality that hate attracts hate. And I don’t think anyone should. I’m not here to repeat the obvious or buttress the already known about human nature stated above. That’s not important and it’s not my business! I’m here to make a change. Someone came into the world, saw darkness and invented light. Thusly do I want to live my life: to be balm to people’s sores is better than arguing like a human psychological documentary.
All humans are haters.
Based on our reactions to hate, we have three kinds of people in the world.
The first are the hot haters: these ones are very weak people; they believe they’re losers if they couldn’t return hate, and they find fulfilment in the fact that they cannot be cheated. They like to give thorn-for-thorn, bitterness-for-bitterness, fire-for-fire. They refuse to believe that we can truly follow peace with all men as the Bible demands.
The second kinds of haters – the cold-haters: they are the very few people who could hate back in a different way. When you send and act of hate to such, they have a congenital big fridge (or call it grace) within them to “cool it down” – before the hate reflects back to the sender it loses enough heat and becomes cold. Then, we say they’re forgiving, even though they still hate back in the cold-form. Do you think that if you slap your pastor he doesn’t feel the heat? Of course, he does. He only allows it to cool down. Rather than slapping you back, he calms down and remembers Biblical injunctions or moral laws and then he begins to cool the hate within him so as not to send it back in the hot form. Because he knows that if he slaps you back or sends back the hot-hate, he’ll feel guilty for breaking moral/biblical laws; and so, he won’t, he would rather cool the hate down. And by the time he’s done refrigerating the hate that was shot at him, it’s already cold-hate, the kind that stops the feeling of anger that would have been sent back as hot reaction or re-hate. That’s just what we call forgiveness – hatred without anger.
Here is the third kind of hate we exhibit: lukewarm-hate(ers). These people would neither retaliate nor genuienly forgive you. You’d never know what they’re up to because they will just be plain quiet, no matter what you do or say to them, and you won’t be sure if they have forgiven you or have a surreptitious plan to fight back. These are people who can be outrightly quiet when you hate them first. But they’re not always truly quiet as they seem, it is just you who is not sensitive enough to hear their heart burning with crackling fire.
Whichever kind, we still all hate back. Either hot, lukewarm or cold, a reaction always goes back from every hate recipient. But that’s not what I’m here to prove, even though I have proven that hate attracts hate. I’m here so we can all reason together and change the recent ills I’ve seen in the world’s relationship. In the recent years, I’ve known quite a lot of relationship experts.
Today in our world, almost everyone vaguely considers themselves a relationship expert, and they often say the same thing: that we should not force ourselves on people; not to call again if they don’t return our calls in four-hour; not to give a second chance. We were told that people don’t deserve us if they can’t simply reciprocate kind gestures when they are due… And that they may not be thinking about us or that we are not important to them if they’re not reciprocating warmness. So, we should just call it quits on them and say “good riddance!” The beclouded advice of the modern relationship experts is one of the pillars that reinforce the believe that hate should always attract hate. If we listen to these relationship experts who are souring the world’s relationships, I often wonder where forgiveness/cold-hate and true love, all that goes beyond the other person’s inadequacies, would be relegated to.
Now, divorce is common in the world! Feminists sometimes over-prepare women and build in them an unwholesome capacity to withstand their husbands acidly. They at times trample the cliché that men are the head of the home. Not that women are the tail: but women are now erroneously told to be as dominant as their husbands. To stand too-tall to him and tell him no one is the head or the tail. To give him love-for-love and hate-for-hate instead of patience or cold-hate for hate. That’s partly why the home which should have refuted the axiom that hate attracts hate by teaching children patience, love, dialogue and peaceful coexistence as the first agent of socialization is now the ring for the wrestling husband and wife, their children the spectators.
I think that we ought not to treat people according to how they treated us, as our self-acclaimed twenty-first century self-esteem experts often suggest, but according to how we deserve to be treated. And we shouldn’t give up on love and true friendship easily, no matter what; not for anything, because a hate for a hate will make the whole world lose its smile.
The world is now full of men and women who create divides and engender pride: men who relegate forgiveness, tolerance, and alternative dispute resolution, all in the name of making us to be ourselves and not cheap to others! That is the darkness I think we should light: to change our mind sets from the cantankerous nature that contemporary society is building in us. That wild behavior and heartless nature that inhuman relationship councilors are gradually encoding on the DNA of humans. I say no when I watched such advice in video skits – it’s better to be cheap and kind than to be expensive and selfish. Let’s embrace true love, honest judgement, cold-hate or forgiveness, and do away with negative mutations.
Even if human nature is imperfect and always sends hate back, our dressings do not have to be so, especially when we wear a smile. Hate is not the problem, but our reactions towards it. Wear a smile, please do. You can throw the smile of cold-hate instead of hot-hate! Let’s not turn the world into a ring where the winners are only those who return heavier punches that lay opponents to rest.
It would not be good enough to write to buttress the congenitally sleazy nature of man in the quote above. This is my business: to change the recent change in the world’s mindsets. To let people know they’re not foolish if they don’t simply hate back. Only weak people think strength is shown in retaliation. Enough of following human opinions that make us inhuman. Even though hate should always attract hate, we can decide to reverse that if only we obey Luke 15:1: “a soft answer turneth away wrath.” The world needs kindness, not retaliation. Forgiveness/cold-hate is the only way to debunk the axiom that HATE ATTRACT HATE! | <urn:uuid:73a1c156-e75d-4a37-bce7-a2bcc178e3d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nuhafoundation.org/home/blog/bloggingentries/2019/adult/three-haters/?replytocom=22207 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95491 | 1,644 | 1.765625 | 2 |
School Camp in Term One
Venues for Year 7 Camps are Tirohanga and Berwick. Students take part in a range of cooperative activities depending on which camp they attend. The cost for Year 7 Camp is $120
Year 8 students are at Waiora Scout Camp. The cost for the five days is $220.
Parent helpers are always appreciated and subject to Police Vetting . If you think you may want to Volunteer on camp and/or other class trips, please fill in a Police Vetting form here and return to the school office. Vetting forms are also available at Tahuna.
- Following the update to COVID-19 Public Health Response (Vaccinations) Order 2021, to be Parent Help you will be required to be fully vaccinated as a health Volunteer. If you have already been fully vaccinated you will need to provide evidence. If you are not yet fully vaccinated you must make arrangements to undertake your first vaccination no later than the 15 November 2021 and be fully vaccinated, as required by the Order, by 1 January 2022
If you require financial assistance for Camps and/or Sports costs, please contact the office at your earliest convenience. All grants & funding must be applied for before the event/sport.
(all costs are subject to changes) | <urn:uuid:78cbfe77-59f5-4151-8835-619578ecf53d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hail.to/tahuna-normal-intermediate/publication/uBDAnUp/article/Cn5DHta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955802 | 263 | 1.585938 | 2 |
China has reported the world’s first case of a human infected with the H10N3 bird flu, which is usually found in poultry. Health authorities said the risk of a large-scale outbreak is “extremely low.”
The patient is a 41-year-old man from Zhenjiang, a city in the eastern coastal Jiangsu province, China’s National Health Commission (NHC) announced on Tuesday. The man was originally hospitalized on April 28 after having fever and other symptoms.
“No human cases of H10N3 have been reported in the world, and the H10N3 virus among poultry is low pathogenic,” the NHC said, adding that the risk of large-scale spread of the infection among the human population is “extremely low.”
The NHC said the man became infected from poultry but did not provide any details regarding how it happened. The patient’s condition is stable, and he is ready to be discharged from the hospital, the health agency said.
H10N3 is a subtype of the avian influenza virus, which is lethal to wild birds and poultry, and can spread by air among animals through breathing just like the normal flu.
There are several strains of the bird flu of varying contagiousness that lead to sporadic outbreaks and usually affect poultry workers.
A major infection of humans by avian viruses in China was last observed during outbreaks of the H7N9 strain in 2013 and 2016-17. According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 616 people have died from H7N9 since early 2013.
Courtesy of rt.com | <urn:uuid:689f3f25-3336-46bd-b4ab-b78b4f1916d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yamkin.wordpress.com/category/virus-alert/h10n3-virus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967764 | 346 | 2.859375 | 3 |
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We Did It!
ADAPT and the NY State Fire Prevention and Building Code Council
Inside an ADAPT Action
Federal Laws on Disability Rights: An Overview
Becoming an Activist
Being Blind and Gay
License-to-Kill Hospitals Reserve the Right to Pull Your Plug
Bioethicist's Appearance Criticized
WORKING TOGETHER, WE DID IT!
NY State Building Unchanged -- 100% Accessibility / Adaptability of Units in New Buildings with Elevators
by TK Small
Recently we had a great victory as a result of being strong advocates. As most people are aware, there has been an effort orchestrated by real estate developers to have the building codes changed in New York State to require less accessibility in new construction. Given that there is already a shortage of housing for people with disabilities, this was a terrible idea from our perspective.
Members of ADAPT demanded a meeting with a high-ranking policy adviser to Governor Pataki. During this meeting in Albany on December 5, 2001, there were more than 50 people with disabilities waiting for the results and another 50 people in New York City at the Governor's office on Third Avenue. Meanwhile, disability advocates from across New York were jamming the telephone lines in Albany with personal messages about how the Building Codes issue would impact them.
The demonstration in New York City was organized by members of ADAPT, DIA, and me in my capacity as one of the regional coordinator of the Systems Advocacy Network. We connected with the independent living centers and worked together. While it certainly is great news that we defeated the real estate developers, I am most encouraged with how we came together on this issue.
The Systems Advocacy Network is intended to create an army of grassroots advocates that can quickly respond to various issues. Most of the independent living centers are participating in the Systems Advocacy Network and either have or will hire systems advocates. Really, it all boils down to organizing our community. By getting more people involved with advancing our concerns, public officials won't be able to ignore us.
It is exactly this type of coordinated effort that will leverage our power and make us more successful in the continuing battle for our civil rights.
Disabled In Action has a long history of advocacy; however, we have been lacking in direction and resources of late. On the other side of the equation, the independent living centers have more resources than DIA and provide excellent direct services, but the issues facing our community are more than any one center can handle. As the Systems Advocacy Network is getting started, it seems like a perfect match for DIA members to get involved with the various independent living centers and for the centers to reach out to DIA.
For more information about contacting the systems advocate at the local independent living center, call 888-4NYSILC or check out http://www.nysilc.org/.
Editor's Note: On December 19th, the Building Codes Council unanimously voted to retain accessibility/adaptability in 100 percent of new buildings with elevators. They also agreed to talk about improving accessibility / adaptability regulations for buildings without elevators. All this would not have happened without the concerted efforts of disability rights activists upstate and in New York City attending hearings and giving testimony in the summer of 2001 and disrupting the meeting in November to keep the issue on the table before the demonstrations and meetings in December.
New York is at it Again!
ADAPT and the New York State
Fire Prevention and
Building Code Council
by Bruce Darling of Rochester Center for Disability Rights
Disability rights advocates and about 25 Rochester ADAPT members attended a meeting of the New York State Fire Prevention and Building Code [on November 8, 2001]. The Council was considering a reduction of access requirements in multi-family housing with elevators. Currently, NYS code requires that 100 percent of these units be
They put off dealing with our issue until the very last minute. Just skipped over it on the agenda. Maybe they thought we would go away. Eastern Paralyzed Veterans proposed to amend the code change to require more accessibility in type-2 apartments. This idea was shot down and the council then discussed and adopted the plan to reduce these access requirements to a disgusting 10 percent.
When the decision was announced, ADAPTer Chris Hilderbrant began shouting
ADAPTers were now chanting in full force.
State troopers were on the scene quickly. People recognized many familiar faces. Eventually they were able to drag power chairs out of the doors in order to allow council members to escape. It is worth noting is that a good number of council members supported the need for accessible apartments, but still the council failed to have enough votes to maintain our level of access. Other advocates were clearly impressed with the power of ADAPT.
We then visited the Governor's War Room (foyer) and requested a meeting with Mark Kissinger (an undersecretary who works on code issues). Everyone knew the drill. This is where we always go to torment the Governor. ADAPT got a meeting scheduled with him on November 27th or 29th. We raised a great deal of ruckus today, but we need additional follow through. All of Albany has been put on notice that if they do not resolve the problems with the new code by meeting and working with ADAPT, we will be visiting the Governor to demand he fix it himself.
The media was all over this one. The Associated Press was there as were a number of more local newspapers. Reporters were amazed that people climbed out of their chairs and laid on the floor to block people's way. When he was getting background information from me, one reporter specifically mentioned Debbie Bonomo. His comment: She was HEATED!
We played with the Walmart ads and had posters talking about
ADAPT should be proud of the leadership team that managed this action: John Blevins, Debbie Bonomo, Adele Car, and Chris Hilderbrant did the ADAPT name proud. Everyone worked hard on this action and much sleep was lost as we prepared in the final hours.
The ADAPT/Disability Rights Team in New York made a good show and embarrassed the Governor on this issue. The Statewide Independent Living Council, Eastern Paralyzed Veterans, Independent Living Centers and ADAPT worked well together. With little planning we all did what we each do best! We didn't expect to keep them from making the change today, but they know we are angry and are not going away!
Thanks to Chris Hilderbrant and Brad Williams (NYSILC) for reporting....
Inside an ADAPT Action
by Nadina LaSpina
The hotel meeting room is packed way beyond capacity. My Quickie is sandwiched between a power chair and a scooter, the wheels of another manual chair are pressing against my footrests. In the power chair is Marva from Detroit, on the scooter is Barbara from Memphis. I don't know the young man in the manual chair, this must be his first ADAPT action. I spot Frank Lozano being guided through the wall-to-wall maze of wheelchairs.
There are about 500 of us in this DC Holiday Inn. We came from all over the country, some in groups, subsidized by local organizations or independent living centers, some on our own with money saved month after month. 30 or 40 people didn't quite make it into the meeting room. They lingered a little too long in the halls hugging each other and trying to catch up on what's been happening in each others' lives in the six months since the last action. Or they just had to stop on their way to the meeting at one of the tables lining the hallways to buy another T-shirt or a pair of handcuff earrings or a key-chain with the ADAPT logo. Many local groups sell their ADAPT-ware at national actions to help pay for their members' plane tickets and hotel rooms. The colorful tables give the otherwise sober hotel halls a festival-like atmosphere. Now, those who lingered in the halls are lined up, four and five rows deep, at the two doors, trying to make up for their tardiness by yelling A-D-A-P-T louder than those inside the room.
I swear they must hear us throughout this entire hotel. But Mike Auberger, one of our national leaders, from Denver, CO, doesn't think we're loud enough. He's trying to look tough in his power chair in the front of the room. In their chairs alongside him, Bob Kafka and Stephanie Thomas, husband and wife team, from Austin, TX, are smiling.
At the top of our lungs or in a tracheotomy-whisper, with slurred vowels and spastic arms flailing, in the mechanical voice of a communication device, or forcefully fingerspelling with eloquent hands we all -- in anyway we can -- spell A-D-A-P-T!!!
The excitement is mounting. This is the big meeting that marks the start of the real action. All day we've been attending workshops. New people have learned the basics of civil disobedience. The nervous ones have been reassured:
Day leaders and color leaders are very carefully chosen from among those who have distinguished themselves at previous actions and those who have been recommended by their local groups. Day leaders pretty much lead the action. They'll make quick decisions throughout the day (do we keep blocking the doors? do we escalate?). They'll go in to negotiate and they'll talk to the media. They'll keep the color leaders informed and work closely with them. Color leaders lead the troops. They'll move the people according to plan, make sure their team gets where it's supposed to be and does what it's supposed to do. They know who on their team is willing to get arrested and they'll get them ready when it's time. They'll get everybody charged up when we're escalating and try to keep the excitement alive with chants and talks when we're sitting around waiting.
Yes, ADAPT is run like the army. Most of the 500 people here -- the foot soldiers -- only know we've come to FREE OUR PEOPLE. They have no idea of what our specific targets will be, nor do they know the amount of planning and strategizing that precedes an action. They will be ready early in the morning to join their team and, led by their color leaders, they will
Some will say
We always know we're approaching our destination when we start picking up speed. If we look at our leaders we notice their face muscles tensing up. Their voices get louder:
Nothing is overlooked by the ADAPT warriors laying siege to a building. If there are low windows we'll park our wheelchairs in front of them to prevent people from climbing out; if there are steps leading to a door, a few of us in lightweight manual chairs will get carried up to the door. People get very angry, at times, when they realize they can't get out. They may try to force their way out, yell obscenities at us from open windows, or try the personal approach:
At times the plan is not to surround the building but to get inside. Walking people will rush to the doors, hold them wide open while we file in, through every door at the same time as quickly as possible, confounding the security guards... Till we fill the lobby, make it reverberate with the sound of 500 people chanting:
It can get pretty damn exciting! I've been doing ADAPT actions for the past 10 years, I've worked as color leader and day leader, and yet each time I get as excited as I did on my first action. Now that I'm not as young as I used to be, when I feel the adrenaline rushing through my veins, I can't even enjoy it. I have to worry whether the medication I took in the morning will be enough to keep my quickly rising blood pressure from reaching the dangerous level.
But the excitement doesn't stay at the dangerous level throughout the action - thank goodness. As soon as things quiet down a bit (when the teams are where they're supposed to be, the building is secured, the offices are occupied), the color leaders will go around to tell everyone exactly where we are and why we're here, and to read to us ADAPT's list of demands. Color leaders and day leaders will continue throughout the action to give updated reports:
You know what? It can get pretty damn boring! But you know what else? Everyone stays put. No one ever says:
ADAPT actions are held in the spring and in the fall when the weather is most mild. Of course, with the weather you never know. We've sweated in Memphis, TN and in Washington, DC. We've sat in the rain in our ADAPT ponchos in Lansing, MI and in Atlanta, GA. And we froze our butts in Columbus, OH. It was 70 degrees the first day we were in Columbus (Fall '99). The next day we were thrown into the middle of winter - mean wind, wet snow falling. Because of post-polio, I am extremely sensitive to the cold. And I was totally unprepared - I had not thought of packing my winter coat. We sat for three hours outside the Human Services Building (in order to get the local ADAPT chapter to start meeting with their Medicaid Director), till all my joints were stiff and aching, my teeth chattering. When the police started arresting us, I saw the accessible school buses they had brought to transport us to the police station and all I could think of was:
Over 200 of us were arrested during the Columbus action. Every effort is made by ADAPT so that arrests are carried out in as orderly a manner as possible. Color leaders know who on their team is willing to be arrested. They will tell them where to position themselves. We'll use handcuffs to chain our wrists or the wheels of our chairs together to make it harder for the police to move us. Right before arrests start, usually, color leaders will make sure that people have not changed their minds, that those being arrested for the first time are not too nervous, that all who are being arrested have identification, and that they have any medication they need in the original bottle.
In the early days of ADAPT, activists were roughed up badly by the police while being arrested and after the arrest they often spent the night in jail. Very rarely now does anyone get sent to jail. It did happen to John Blevins from Rochester, NY. John is Deaf. He rushed to hold a door open for people to file into the AARP building during the Fall 2000 action in DC. He did not hear the cop who had been trapped behind the door and was yelling at John to let go. John was quickly thrown to the ground by another cop and charged with assault. ADAPT's lawyers got the charge dropped but he did spend two nights in jail.
Usually the worst charge pressed against us is
But we don't always get arrested. They didn't arrest us in Memphis (May '97) and they have not arrested us in DC the last few times we were there. Sometimes when they don't arrest us they make things more difficult for us. In Memphis about 100 people had occupied the Office of the Governor of TN, while the rest of us filled the lobby and spilled outside and made a lot of noise. When ADAPT demanded a meeting with the Governor, we expected one of two things to happen: some form of dialogue to start (our negotiating team was ready to go in) or the police to start arresting us. But we waited and nothing happened. No word from the Gov's office and no arrests. We couldn't just leave. So our people spent the night up in the governor's office while the rest of us held an all night vigil outside the building. We sure got lots of media coverage in Memphis.
When there are no arrests, Spitfire from Philadelphia is very disappointed. She's been arrested 48 times and is anxious to make that number a nice round 50. She was sure she'd reach her goal at the action in Washington DC (May 2001). We were all sure. We were expecting the worst from the new administration.
MAY 2001 - The D.C. Action
The target for the first day's action is the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). We surround the Humphrey Building (HHS headquarters) and demand a meeting with Secretary Tommy Thompson. Through the Clinton years ADAPT met regularly with HHS Secretary Donna Shalala and much was accomplished through those meetings. Not wanting to lose its connection with HHS, ADAPT had been trying to meet with Thompson since his appointment - but with no success. 500 people at his doorstep make Thompson quickly come around. Actually, Thompson is in Geneva, Switzerland. But from there he agrees to meet with ADAPT.
Since it's still early enough in the day when we get the written confirmation of the meeting with Thompson, , we go on to pay a visit to our old foe, the American Health Care Association (AHCA), which is the nursing home owners' professional organization. ADAPT demands that AHCA fund an ADAPT-written
The next day, demanding that within 30 days Bush issue an Executive Order to implement Olmstead, ADAPT hits the White House. ADAPT activists have been arrested while chained to the White House fence a few times in the past. We're ready to be arrested at the White House fence again. But we have not even been here an hour when 15 ADAPT representatives (and a sign language interpreter) are invited into the White House for a meeting with John Bridgeland, Director of the President's Domestic Policy Council. I'm one of the fifteen.
The third day brings yet another victory. ADAPT rolls up to the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Headquarters to demand a meeting with Secretary Mel Martinez. Two previous attempts to set up a meeting had failed. ADAPT activists quickly surround the building, blocking all doors. The 3-foot high orange metal barricades and the scores of police officers in front of the building do not stop us. A group of activists actually breaks through the barricades, goes through the doors and into the building. That really gets things moving. Our negotiating team is invited in and after about an hour comes out accompanied by Daniel Murphy, the Secretary's Chief of Staff. He announces the meeting to the crowd that once again cheers:
Everyone is triumphant. But there are a few who are wondering if ADAPT isn't getting too powerful. They're starting to worry that, if this trend continues, future actions might not be as exciting as they were in the past.
As always, three days of actions end with a party. There's music and dancing way into the night, raffles and bargains at the ADAPT-ware tables. New friends exchange addresses and phone numbers, old friends exchange gifts and promises. There's gossip going around: who fell in love with whom this time? In the past we've had birthday celebrations. We all remember Spitfire's 50th when the surprise gift was a male stripper. We've even had a few ADAPT weddings and there are rumors there'll be another wedding at the next action in the Fall in San Francisco.
The morning after the Action, the hotel lobby is crowded with ADAPT activists lugging their suitcases, shower chairs, air mattresses and other equipment, waiting for their rides to the airport or to the train station. Everyone looks exhausted. A few might be hung over. We've all had little sleep, for four days we've survived on cold hamburgers and candy bars; we've really pushed ourselves to the limit. We'll need a few days to recover when we get back home. But everyone is elated, exultant. Everyone is feeling powerful and proud. As we all hug each other, the refrain sounding off in every direction is not
Is the Consumer-Directed Personal Assistance Program Safe in New York City?
by T.K. Small
In 1999 the United States Supreme Court rendered the historic Olmstead decision. For the past two years lawyers, advocates and government officials have been interpreting this landmark case and have been gradually moving toward compliance with Olmstead. Basically Olmstead stands for the proposition that segregation based on disability is a form of discrimination.
While we have made some progress with implementing Olmstead in NY, a key component of this project is Consumer Directed Personal Assistance (CDPA), which is potentially in jeopardy in New York City. CDPA allows people with disabilities the maximum control over there lives by letting people take responsibility for the hiring, scheduling, training, firing, etc. regarding their attendants. In New York City CDPA is provided by Concepts of Independence, Inc.
Without going into the details, there were some management problems at Concepts that led the Human Resources Administration (HRA) to step in and demand changes and accountability. Concepts responded accordingly and has made changes in its management and procedures to address the situation.
However, HRA continues to demand further changes from Concepts which will fundamentally alter the delivery of CDPA Services in New York City. Specifically, HRA wants to prohibit consumers from serving on the Board of Directors of Concepts and wants to mandatorily install an automated telephone scheduling system as used by traditional medical agencies.
By way of historical background, Concepts was created by people with disabilities to meet the unique needs of a relatively small population of New Yorkers with disabilities when the City decided to contract with vendors for the provision of Personal Care Services. The people that founded Concepts tended to be younger and have significant disabilities that required the Personal Care Attendant (PCA) to have very specific training to their unique disability health related needs. Additionally, because of the educational and employment activities of these individuals, the scheduling of PCAs would have been an obstacle with a traditional agency.
It is not a mere coincidence that the word "Independence" is incorporated into the name of the entity. This notion that people with disabilities can live independently is a central and guiding philosophy. An important element of any CDPA Program is consumer control of the governance. Likewise, the ability to have people work when you want, or need them, is critical.
If you are wondering,
Supreme Court Limits Americans with Disabilities Act in Williams Case
from the Center for An Accessible Society
by Cindy Jones and Bill Stothers
January 8, 2002 -- The U.S. Supreme Court today narrowed the reach of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, ruling that the
The decision, although expected by disability rights advocates, is nonetheless dismaying.
In its amicus brief to the Supreme Court, American Trucking Associations called this
Disability rights legal experts say that employees like Ella Williams who have repetitive stress injuries are precisely those individuals Congress sought to protect under the law. The Justices' narrow interpretation of the law would
For more information and links on this and other ADA cases, go to
Federal Laws on Disability Rights: An Overview
An Overview by Olegario D. Cantos, VII
Many advocates may not realize that disability rights are actually addressed in TEN federal laws, which have been on the books for years. When people think of disability rights, the first piece of legislation that comes to mind is the Americans with Disabilities Act -- and with good reason. The ADA is the most far-reaching piece of federal civil rights legislation to be passed since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, there are nine other laws about which advocates should be aware that address the rights of people with disabilities:
Using information provided by the Federal Government, each of the ten laws is summarized below.
AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT
The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications.
To be protected by the ADA, one must have a disability or have a relationship or association with an individual with a disability. An individual with a disability is defined by the ADA as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment. The ADA does not specifically name all of the impairments that are covered.
Section 255 and Section 251(a)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, require manufacturers of telecommunications equipment and providers of telecommunications services to ensure that such equipment and services are accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities, if readily achievable. These amendments ensure that people with disabilities will have access to a broad range of products and services such as telephones, cell phones, pagers, call-waiting, and operator services, that were often inaccessible to many users with disabilities.
FAIR HOUSING ACT
The Fair Housing Act, as amended in 1988, prohibits housing discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status, and national origin. Its coverage includes private housing, housing that receives Federal financial assistance, and State and local government housing. It is unlawful to discriminate in any aspect of selling or renting housing or to deny a dwelling to a buyer or renter because of the disability of that individual, an individual associated with the buyer or renter, or an individual who intends to live in the residence. Other covered activities include, for example, financing, zoning practices, new construction design, and advertising.
The Fair Housing Act requires owners of housing facilities to make reasonable exceptions in their policies and operations to afford people with disabilities equal housing opportunities. For example, a landlord with a
AIR CARRIER ACCESS ACT
The Air Carrier Access Act prohibits discrimination in air transportation by domestic and foreign air carriers against qualified individuals with physical or mental impairments. It applies only to air carriers that provide regularly scheduled services for hire to the public. Requirements address a wide range of issues including boarding assistance and certain accessibility features in newly built aircraft and new or altered airport facilities. People may enforce rights under the Air Carrier Access Act by filing a complaint with the U.S. Department of Transportation, or by bringing a lawsuit in Federal court.
VOTING ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED ACT
The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act of 1984 generally requires polling places across the United States to be physically accessible to people with disabilities for federal elections.
Where no accessible location is available to serve as a polling place, a political subdivision must provide an alternate means of casting a ballot on the day of the election. This law also requires states to make available registration and voting aids for disabled and elderly voters, including information by telecommunications devices for the deaf (TDDs) which are also known as teletypewriters (TTYs).
NATIONAL VOTER REGISTRATION ACT
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993, also known as the "Motor Voter Act," makes it easier for all Americans to exercise their right to vote. One of the basic purposes of the Act is to increase the historically low registration rates of minorities and persons with disabilities that have resulted from discrimination. The Motor Voter Act requires all offices of State-funded programs that are primarily engaged in providing services to persons with disabilities to provide all program applicants with voter registration forms, to assist them in completing the forms, and to transmit completed forms to the appropriate State official.
CIVIL RIGHTS OF INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS ACT
The Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA) authorizes the U.S. Attorney General to investigate conditions of confinement at State and local government institutions such as prisons, jails, pretrial detention centers, juvenile correctional facilities, publicly operated nursing homes, and institutions for people with psychiatric or developmental disabilities. Its purpose is to allow the Attorney General to uncover and correct widespread deficiencies that seriously jeopardize the health and safety of residents of institutions. The Attorney General does not have authority under CRIPA to investigate isolated incidents or to represent individual institutionalized persons.
The Attorney General may initiate civil law suits where there is reasonable cause to believe that conditions are
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (formerly called P.L. 94-142 or the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975) requires public schools to make available to all eligible children with disabilities a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment appropriate to their individual needs.
IDEA requires public school systems to develop appropriate Individualized Education Programs (IEP's) for each child. The specific special education and related services outlined in each IEP reflect the individualized needs of each student.
IDEA also mandates that particular procedures be followed in the development of the IEP's. Each student's IEP's must be developed by a team of knowledgeable persons and must be at least reviewed annually. The team includes the child's teacher; the parents, subject to certain limited exceptions; the child, if determined appropriate; an agency representative who is qualified to provide or supervise the provision of special education; and other individuals at the parents' or agency's discretion.
If parents disagree with the proposed IEP's, they can request a due process hearing and a review from the State educational agency if applicable in that state. They also can appeal the State agency's decision to State or Federal court.
The Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by Federal agencies, in programs receiving Federal financial assistance, in Federal employment, and in the employment practices of Federal contractors. The standards for determining employment discrimination under the Rehabilitation Act are the same as those used in title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Section 501 requires affirmative action and nondiscrimination in employment by Federal agencies of the executive branch. To obtain more information or to file a complaint, employees should contact their agency's Equal Employment Opportunity Office.
Section 503 requires affirmative action and prohibits employment discrimination by Federal government contractors and subcontractors with contracts of more than $10,000.
Section 504 states that
Requirements common to these regulations include reasonable accommodation for employees with disabilities; program accessibility; effective communication with people who have hearing or vision disabilities; and accessible new construction and alterations. Each agency is responsible for enforcing its own regulations. Section 504 may also be enforced through private lawsuits. It is not necessary to file a complaint with a Federal agency or to receive a
Section 508 establishes requirements for electronic and information technology developed, maintained, procured, or used by the Federal government. Section 508 requires Federal electronic and information technology to be accessible to people with disabilities, including employees and members of the public. An accessible information technology system is one that can be operated in a variety of ways and does not rely on a single sense or ability of the user.
For example, a system that provides output only in visual format may not be accessible to people with visual impairments and a system that provides output only in audio format may not be accessible to people who are deaf or hard of hearing. Some individuals with disabilities may need accessibility-related software or peripheral devices in order to use systems that comply with Section 508.
ARCHITECTURAL BARRIERS ACT
The Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) requires that buildings and facilities that are designed, constructed, or altered with federal funds, or leased by a Federal agency, comply with Federal standards for physical accessibility. ABA requirements are limited to architectural standards in new and altered buildings and in newly leased facilities. They do not address the activities conducted in those buildings and facilities. Facilities of the U.S. Postal Service are covered by the ABA.
To learn more about how to file complaints under these various laws and to receive the exact legal citations, visit the following web site: http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/cguide.htm
(c) - Western Law Center for Disability Rights, 2001 - http://www.wlcdr.org/. Check out this site to get updates that pertain to disability law and struggles for equality. To subscribe via the World Wide Web, visit http://lists.everybody.org/listinfo/wlcdr-announce or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to email@example.com
Becoming an Activist
by Anthony Trocchia
Coming to DIA meetings doesn't automatically make one an activist. It happens slowly. Networking is a great place to start. I also recommend becoming a member of Citizens Union to stay on top of what's happening in city government. Usually, activism is sparked when you feel so strongly about a situation that you can't keep quiet any longer. Yes, the battle may be personal, but the results almost always benefit others. I recently came across a book that I think all DIA members, active or not, should read. It's called the Activist's Handbook, A Primer (Updated Edition) by Randy Shaw. To pique your interest, I have broken down the chapters so you can see what a must-have the book is:
Ch. 1 - Don't Respond, Strategize
You can order the book from University of California Press at http://www.ucpress.edu/ or calling 1-800-822-6657. No, I am not related to the author, nor do I have any interest in University of California Press. I simply think the book is a good start for all the disabled folks and friends out there who have wanted to get involved, but felt uneasy or unsure. I believe that anger, when used constructively, can become an effective lead-in to activism. At DIA, there are too few people doing too much. Help is needed. Activism is NOT a spectator sport!
Being Blind and Gay
by Bob Feinstein
I was born on December 1, 1949. I was three months early, and only weighed one pound, fourteen ounces. I was put into an incubator and, due to the amount of oxygen I was given, my retina cells developed too quickly, and became so damaged that by the time I was brought home from the hospital, I was totally blind. I of course have never seen and have absolutely no visual memories at all.
My parents decided that they would try to treat me as normally as possible, and although I often heard the word
When I was about 8 years old, I began to realize that other kids made friends more easily than I did. I went to a school far from my home, and was taken there by bus. There were other blind kids at the school, and I noticed that we all stayed together. When we did go to classes with the sighted kids, we were treated kindly, but were not fully included. I would sit for hours listening to kids read out loud from print books, or hear the teacher writing on the black board. I loved the sound the chalk made against the blackboard, but I realized that others could read what was being written, and all I could do was listen to the sound of the chalk.
I will skip a few years and talk about when I was 14 years old, and in the ninth grade. I began to be teased by the other blind kids, because I mostly wanted to play with the girls, and did not want to participate in the rough games the blind boys played. They would play a kind of hockey with a large wardrobe and a crushed cigarette box. Where the wardrobe touched the wall on each side were the goals and the cigarette box was the puck. The blind kids played another game called taxi, where one of us would sit in a chair and the other would move the chair around the room very quickly. Because we were blind, the person pushing the chair would often bang into things.
I was afraid of these games because I was always overweight, slow, clumsy, and I usually wound up getting badly hurt. I much preferred sitting and reading a braille book, or talking to the girls. I even learned to bounce a ball, and learned some of the rhymes the girls would say while playing ball or jumping rope. I was teased unmercifully, and soon, even the girls got tired of playing with me, and so I mostly stayed alone, reading, and listening to what was going on around me.
I knew that I was very different from the other kids, and I felt horribly lonely. I didn't fit in with the sighted kids, but what was worse, I didn't fit in with the blind kids, either. All the boys were interested in sports and rough games. I wasn't. Some talked about girls, but because I was blind from birth, and because nobody ever talked to me about sex, I had no idea what was being discussed. I am ashamed to say that I didn't even know the difference between girls and boys, except that girls were usually nicer to me, and yet, I felt a strange feeling when hugging a male student.
When I was 15 years old, a girl explained to me how babies were born.
What is surprising, and very important, is that I began to realize that I was attracted to other boys and men, and not to women. I realized that I had a strange feeling when close to people of my own sex that I did not have when I was with women. I somehow knew that this was not the way it should be, and never mentioned it to anyone.
I will now talk about my college years. I spent 4 years at a well-known college in Ohio. I had finally figured out that I was gay. I wondered if there were other gay students, but did not know how to meet them. I tried dating girls, and forced myself to kiss them, but I knew it wasn't working. I wanted to talk about my feelings, but had nobody to express them to. When I was a senior, some students who I had heard were gay decided to start a discussion group. I wanted to go, but was afraid to ask for directions to where the discussion was taking place, because I did not want others on campus to realize I was gay.
To understand my dilemma, it is important to realize that I was not able to fit in with the other students because of my blindness. I had some casual friends, but I was not part of any social group. I spent much time alone, or being read to by fellow students. I therefore was very uneasy about admitting that I was gay, because I was afraid I would be even more unaccepted than I already was. I felt that I had enough strikes against me by virtue of the fact that I was blind and overweight. I didn't have the courage to add another problem to the list. During my four years at college, I never had any gay friends, and never even knew that one of my roommates was gay. I kept all of my feelings inside.
Now, I must talk about my two years in France. I went to France through an American program, and I stayed there for two years. I arrived in France after my graduation from college. I met two blind guys who were gay. One was a fellow from Algeria, and the other was a blind French guy. I had my first experiences with them. I wanted desperately to meet other French gay people, but was afraid to ask my classmates. I had no access to printed materials, and no way to try to meet French gay people.
When I returned from France, I got a job working with non-English-speaking kids who needed help with reading and speaking English. I badgered my parents until they helped me get my own little studio apartment. I still live in this apartment, as rents are very high in NYC, and I am presently on a fixed income because I took an early retirement. But getting back to my story: when I finally had my apartment, I decided I was going to try to meet gay people. I was now free from my parent's restrictions, and I had a guide dog. So, I was ready to conquer the gay world! But how could I find information? I had nobody to read printed material to me dealing with gay subjects. I had no way to know who was gay and who wasn't. I wondered how sighted gay people met. I finally called a gay hotline and was given the names and addresses of some gay bars. I was told about a group called
I remember my excitement when my guide dog and I set out for our first gay bar. We got off the subway at Christopher Street, a street in the heart of Greenwich Village. I asked for directions to the bar, but once inside, I realized that this wasn't going to work! First of all, the noise level was incredible! I couldn't hear a thing. Second of all, because I couldn't see, I had no idea what was going on around me. I was basically rendered deaf and blind because of the noise level. I sat at the bar, and felt worse and worse as time went by. Nobody tried to talk to me. I finally got the courage to tap the person next to me, and to try to strike up a conversation. The guy was polite, but after talking with him a while, he told me he was with someone. I realized that I had no way of knowing who was alone, who was with someone, and what was going on. I went to other bars on subsequent days, but had no better luck.
I began to realize that being blind was proving to be a barrier in my meeting gay people. I decided that perhaps the problem was the fact that I was overweight. So, I decided to go to a Mirth and Girth dance. Surely, there would be people much heavier than I was, and surely I'd have a better time. Well, unfortunately, the same thing happened. I was shown to a seat, and there I stayed. Nobody came over to talk to me. I finally left and vowed I would never try to meet gay people in this way. It wasn't working, and I was feeling worse about being blind and being gay than I ever had in the past.
Imagine walking down a heavily gay populated street. You see a blind person with his guide dog. You probably don't stop to ask yourself,
What is my situation now? Well, for a long time, when my attempts to meet other gay people weren't working, I abandoned the idea, and went about my life without thinking very much of being gay. Things changed to some degree about six years ago, when I got my computer which gave me access to different gay e-mail lists, and I was able to write a version of this article which is on the chanton.com website, a website for gay men seeking pen pals. The URL is http://www.chanton.com/blindandgay.html.
Some people contacted me after having they read my article. Although I had hoped for a bigger response, I did make a few truly wonderful friends. One friend in particular, David from Montreal, has turned out to be a real delight. We speak often by phone, and I visit him in Montreal at least two to three times a year. I also have been able, to some degree, to be more in the know of what is going on in certain segments of the gay community.
I feel one can never have too many friends, and I hope that this article will be a catalyst for me to meet other people, especially other disabled gay people. I was interested to learn that many people with HIV suffer visual problems, and I would like to see more communication between people born blind like me and those who went blind later in life from HIV or other complications. I think we could teach each other a great deal, and broaden each other's horizons. For example, I know what it is like living with blindness, but these people had careers and lived full gay lives as sighted people perhaps never even having met a blind person, so our perspectives are quite different. As an example, I have a new friend who was fully sighted and was a costume designer. He is losing his sight from diabetes. He has been a wonderful resource to me, and he says I have helped him, too, which makes me truly happy.
I would like to encourage gay people to get to know disabled gay people, and through communication, I believe barriers can be knocked down. In my own case, having access to the gay community has been a difficult process, but things have improved greatly for me. And, I certainly must thank my beautiful guide dog, Harley, who is so handsome, intelligent, and friendly that he often helps break the ice when people are hesitant to speak to me.
Remember, whether we can see or not, whether we can hear or not, whether we can walk or not, we are all human beings with the same needs, desires, wants, dreams, and hopes. We are not as different as our outward appearance would make one think at first glance.
I hope that this article has given you a glimpse of what it is like being a totally blind, gay man. I want to thank Nadina for suggesting that this article be published in the Activist. If anyone would like to contact me, my e-mail address is: firstname.lastname@example.org.
Job Accomodation Network (JAN)
Emergency Evacuaton Procedures for Employees with Disabilities
A Service of the U.S. DOL Office of Disability Employment Policy
Job Accommodation Network
This publication is intended to provide an overview of emergency procedures for employees with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) requires that employers, public services, and public accommodations and services operated by private entities modify their policies and procedures to include people with disabilities. This means that employers may be required to provide reasonable accommodations to employees so they can evacuate during emergencies. If visitors are allowed on the work-site, a business may want to invite voluntary disclosure about whether they require assistance in an emergency.
Though individuals with disabilities may have specific needs and concerns, all employees will benefit from knowing workplace safety features and emergency procedures. Because some individuals with disabilities require a personal attendant or job coach, it is important that these individuals are also consulted. In addition, many workplaces contract with cleaning crews, security guards, and other services that may have employees with disabilities on staff.
Throughout this publication JAN's Searchable Online Accommodation Resource (SOAR) is referenced. SOAR is available on JAN's Web site at http://www.jan.wvu.edu/soar and is designed to let users explore various accommodation options. Many product vendor lists are accessible through this system; however, JAN provides these lists and many more that are not available on the Web site upon request. Contact JAN directly if you have specific accommodation situations, are looking for products, need vendor information, are seeking a referral, or are interested in discussing emergency procedures for employees with disabilities.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
WORK-SITE MODIFICATIONS AND ACCOMMODATIONS
This publication was written by Beth Loy, Ph.D., and Linda C. Batiste, M.S., Human Factor Consultants with the Job Accommodation Network. 09/20/01
Job Accommodation Network
Office of Disability Employment Policy
Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association (EPVA)
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
National Safety Council
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
License-to-Kill Hospitals Reserve the Right to Pull Your Plug
by Wesley J. Smith
San Francisco Chronicle - December 2, 2001 -
But the doctor refuses further life-sustaining treatment. When you ask why, you are told, in effect, "The time has come for your mother to die. All we will provide is comfort care."
Sound far-fetched? It's not. It's already happening.
Just as doctors once hooked people up to machines against their will, now many bioethicists advocate that doctors be permitted to refuse life-sustaining treatment that a patient wants but that they deem
Alarmingly, hospitals in California and throughout the country have begun to implement these
Medical and bioethics journals for several years kept up a drumbeat advocating the implementation of medical futility policies that hospitals -- for obvious reasons -- don't publicize. The mainstream news media have generally ignored the threat.
As a consequence, members of the public and their elected representatives remain in the dark as
Indeed, futile-care policies are implemented so quietly that no one knows their extent. No one has made a systematic study of how many patients' lives have been lost or whether futile-care decisions were reached according to hospital policies or the law.
The idea behind futile care goes like this: The patient wants life-sustaining treatment; the physician does not believe the quality of the patient's life justifies the costs to the health institution or the physical and emotional burdens of care; therefore, the doctor is entitled to refuse further treatment (other than comfort care) as
Treatments withheld under this policy might include antibiotics to treat infection, medicines for fever reduction, tube feeding and hydration, kidney dialysis or ventilator support.
Of course, physicians have never been -- nor should they be -- required to provide medical interventions that provide no medical benefit.
For example, if a patient demands chemotherapy to treat an ulcer, the physician should refuse. Such a
But this kind of
Rather, they are refused because they actually sustain life -- such as a feeding tube does for a persistently unconscious patient.
It isn't the treatment that is deemed futile but, in effect, the patient.
Early attempts to impose futile care upon unwilling patients and families were often ad hoc. For example, a few years ago I received an urgent phone call from a distraught woman who told me that her 92-year-old mother's doctor was refusing to give the woman antibiotics for an infection.
When I asked why, she said,
I advised the woman to get an attorney and threaten suit. That apparently did the trick. She later called to tell me her mother was being treated and was well on the way to recovery.
In 1994, the parents of a premature infant sued to prevent the imposition of futile care upon their son, "Baby Ryan" Nguyen, after doctors told them they were ending his kidney dialysis.
The doctors and hospital did not take the Nguyens' defiance lying down. They filed an affidavit requesting the right to refuse to provide treatment, claiming that Ryan's condition was
Astonishingly, a hospital administrator even went so far as to report the Nguyen family to Child Protective Services for
The case could have had a major legal impact on the entire futile care debate. But the trial judge never decided who had the ultimate right to determine Ryan's fate. The case ended when Ryan was transferred to a Portland hospital, where a different physician successfully weaned him off dialysis. Ryan lived four years, a happy if sickly child who gave high-fives and was the delight of his parents' hearts.
Cases like Baby Ryan's led futilitarians to pursue a more sophisticated approach to securing their agenda. Rather than have doctors act on their own accord or file lawsuits seeking permission to refuse wanted care, which had been attempted on several occasions with mixed results, many futilitarians began to argue that hospitals adopt written futile-care policies establishing formal procedures by which wanted life-sustaining treatment could be refused.
Although given little attention in the news media, these policies have been extensively described in medical and bioethical publications, such as the Journal of the American Medical Association, the New England Journal of Medicine and Health Progress.
Most policies set up internal hospital procedures that work like this:
Futile-care protocols are designed to thwart legal action by patients or their families. The strategy is to stack the deck by convincing judges that they, mere lawyers, are ill-equipped to gainsay what doctors and bioethicists have decided is best.
In the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics, authors urging implementation of futility policies wrote last year:
Considering that California legislators recently enacted a statute that appears to authorize futile-care impositions upon the sickest patients, that may be a winning strategy. Section 4735 of the California Probate Code states that a doctor or hospital
This little-noticed law raises an urgent question: How many California hospitals have already promulgated futile-care policies? Unfortunately, no one knows. But there is little doubt that the number is growing fast.
Authors of the Cambridge Quarterly article surveyed 26 California hospitals, including UCSF, Kaiser Permanente, Stanford, UCLA and Cedars-Sinai. Without identifying the hospitals, they reported 24 had protocols in place that
Other policies gave the power to hospital committees, the chief of staff or the hospital administration. Tellingly, only seven protocols permitted the patient or patient representative to have the final say.
As if this weren't enough cause for alarm, Sen. Arlen Specter, R-Pa., has introduced federal legislation to let doctors deny life-sustaining treatment against the will of the patient or the patient's family.
The Health Care Assurance Act (S24) is a 171-page bill with noble ambitions to expand health coverage for children and disabled people. Buried in the bill's bowels is a provision that permits hospitals to withhold care that is determined to be
The bill would be a disaster for the most vulnerable, disabled and defenseless among us -- patients who are too often dehumanized and callously viewed as parasites on limited health care resources.
Then there is the very real potential that bigoted doctors would apply futile-care policies in a discriminatory fashion. Indeed, a 1996 study published by the Mayo Clinic found that
Implementing futile care to control health care costs doesn't add up. Since only about 10 percent of the nation's entire health care budget goes to end-of-life care, little would actually be saved.
But cost control isn't the ultimate point for futilitarians.
As many of them see it, if the nation were to swallow futile care theory, it would establish the principle that health care can be explicitly
Seen in this light, medical futility is the foot in the door that would begin the step-by-step descent from a health care system based on Hippocratic principles --
Futile care is not the finishing line of this important ethical and legal struggle, but merely the starting gate of a far longer race.
Wesley J. Smith is the author of
Activist Editor's Note: Not Dead Yet (NDY), a U.S. disability rights group opposed to legalization of assisted suicide and euthanasia, spoke out in support of a draft report issued by the U.N. Human Rights Committee in July. The Committee expressed concern over how euthanasia is performed in the Netherlands because some doctors there are ignoring the strict guidelines under which euthanasia was decriminalized. Stephen Drake, a research analyst with NDY, said that
For example, a physician killed his elderly patient without her consent or knowledge and without consulting other doctors. He was found guilty and given no sentence. Diane Coleman, NDY's president, fears that this type of thing could occur in Oregon, too, where there is an assisted suicide law.
Bioethicist's Appearance Criticized
by Holly Ramer
CONCORD, N.H. (AP) - When Carol Nadeau was born with a rare bone disease, her parents were horrified by suggestions they put her in an institution.
Fifty-two years later, Nadeau is equally horrified by a bioethicist who thinks parents should be able to euthanize severely disabled infants - but she wants people to be able to hear him anyway.
Princeton University's Peter Singer, whose views have enraged many, is one of the panelists invited to attend a conference [October 5, 2001] organized by the Governor's Commission on Disability, where Nadeau works.
Singer first detailed his views on euthanasia in his 1979 book, Practical Ethics. He wrote that children less than a month old have no human consciousness and that parents should be allowed to kill a severely disabled infant to end its suffering and to increase the family's happiness.
His views bother disability groups like Not Dead Yet, which plans to protest the conference along with New Hampshire Right to Life, an anti-abortion group.
Singer, a tenured professor at Princeton's Center for Human Values since 1999, said he hopes his appearance will stimulate needed public discussion.
Cagle fears Singer will later use the conference as evidence that his ideas are being embraced by the disabled community, regardless of the reaction he gets.
Singer said doctors are already quietly withholding treatment to end the lives of infants with severe disabilities.
Singer agreed to give up his $2,000 speaker's fee after the Executive Council, an elected body that reviews state contracts, barred a state payment.
Commission Director Michael Jenkins said the conference will be a good opportunity for the other speakers, many of whom have disabilities, to confront Singer.
Editor's Note: Following is an excerpt from the Concord Monitor [September 23, 2001]:
The reporter continues: Dr. Adrienne Asch, the Henry R. Luce Professor in Biology, Ethics and the Politics of Human Reproduction at Wellesley College, spars with Singer regularly at Bioethics conferences around the country.
An abortion rights defender, she has argued for more thoughtful deliberation over prenatal testing and selective abortion.
Where Singer's views sharply contrast with her own, Asch believes confrontation is healthy.
Book Review of Rolling On
by Carmelo Gonzalez
reviewed by Jean Ryan
Carmelo Gonzalez, a DIA member, has self-published a roughly written memoir of his life entitled, Rolling On. Carmelo, a wheelchair user and a gay man, writes about growing up in a dysfunctional family, with his father often in jail and his mother and stepfather, who both had drinking problems, frequently fighting. He lived in inaccessible places with steps so he could not come and go without help.
School was either something that was too hard to go to after a late night out with his older sister, or it was a refuge from the tumult at home. He was put in special education classes where the kids tormented each other mercilessly, even about their various disabilities, but Carmelo also made some very good friends whom he would visit on weekends and vacations. Sadly, several of his close friends died in childhood. It wasn't until he was a teenager that Carmelo had a teacher who taught him how to read.
Carmelo was an actor for some years before writing this book. He also made a cross-country trip to California with a group of other people in a van, enduring hardships with the reward of seeing beautiful scenery and meeting people from other parts of the country.
In often graphic sexual language, he portrays his entry into gay life and his relationship with an abusive partner.
Carmelo states that
In summary, although the book clearly needs more editing; the material was so interesting that it propelled me through the book.
Moving Right Along
Fair Housing Act Design Manual
The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 makes it unlawful to deny the rental or sale of a dwelling to a person because that person has a disability. In addition to giving people with disabilities greater choice in where they live and more freedom to visit family and friends, the Act proactively addresses the needs of an aging population by looking at future needs. Housing designed in accordance with the Fair Housing Act - with accessible entrances, wider doors, grab bars, etc. - will enable more people to remain in their dwellings as they age and continue to live independently.
The manual contains explanations and uses detailed illustrations to explain the application of the Act's requirements -- including the regulations and the Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines -- to all aspects of multifamily projects. Part one of the manual includes an overview of the Fair Housing Act, outlines other national laws and standards that regulate accessible design, presents the types of building covered by the Act, and briefly discusses the different types of disabilities. The second section contains detailed and illustrated explanations of the seven design requirements of the Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines. The final part of the manual is an appendix that includes a reprint of the Guidelines, a reprint of the Supplemental Notice to the Guidelines, a list of product resources, and a list of selected references.
HUD Website for People with Disabilities
This site has lots of information and links for people with disabilities: http://www.hud.gov/groups/disabilities.cfm
Abilities Expo Information
The Abilities Expo is a great way to see, learn about, and perhaps test or buy scooters, wheelchairs, accessories, accessible vans, medical supplies, bikes, exercise equipment - you name it, they've got it! Free printed information on products and disability rights is there for the taking, and you can buy T-shirts and food (long lines for expensive fast food, though). There are tables for eating lunch and gathering, and the restrooms are accessible. One of the best things about Expo is being in the majority and meeting new people or connecting with ones you already know. There are seminars for parents with children with disabilities and seminars on many topics for adults with disabilities. They have a special computer section with adaptations for people with disabilities. Come with your questions!
How to get there? It's 30 to 45 minutes from Manhattan by car. DIA usually has 2 accessible buses going there one of the days (for information call the DIA number: 1-718-261-3737) or you can get there by accessible New Jersey Transit. There is a free accessible shuttle to the convention center from the Metuchen train station. Call 1-800-385-3085 for Expo information or go to http://www.abilitiesexpo.com/nymetro
April 12-14, 2002
Friday, April 12, 2002, 10am-5pm
Lernout & Hauspie Auctions Assets
Lernout & Hauspie (L&H), the speech recognition software maker struggling to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, has auctioned a slew of assets.
Core technology and intellectual property rights were sold to ScanSoft (NASDAQ:SSFT) for $10 million in cash, a $3.5 million note and 7.4 million shares of ScanSoft common stock valued at about $26 million.
The deal includes L&H's text-to-speech, including L&H RealSpeak, and certain of its automatic speech recognition technologies, including the Dragon Naturally Speaking line of products.
ScanSoft, based in Peabody, Mass., expects to retain at least 150 L&H employees. L&H has dual headquarters in Burlington, Mass., and Ieper, Belgium. The sale must be approved by bankruptcy courts in the U.S. and Belgium.
For more details, go to http://boston.internet.com/news/article/0,,2001_915531,00.html
DIA Singers Have a CD
The engaging and lively DIA Singers have copies of their tape, "In Motion," now available on CD. The CD of disability songs and the booklet are $15.00, and the CD by itself is $10.00. Contact Frieda Zames at email@example.com to purchase them or to book the singers. The DIA Singers are available to perform at meetings or gatherings.
Changes at MTA: Patricia O'Brien, Augustine Angba, and Steve Nacco Are Gone
In January, Patricia O'Brien, VP in charge of Access-A-Ride, is retiring, and her replacement for the next 3 years will be Howard Ende, from the Department of Buses (AAR is within the Department of Buses). Augustine Angba, who ran the Compliance Coordinating Committee (CCC) meetings, has left to take a position in another city. Steve Nacco, Bus Customer Relations Director in the Department of Buses, has also retired. He has been replaced by Chris Lake.
Special Ed Teacher Fights for her Students, Gets Fired, Sues, and Wins
On November 16, 2001, a special ed teacher in Portland, Oregon, won a million dollar jury award in a trial. The case is known as Pamella Settlegoode v. Portland Public Schools (and her two supervisors). She is a wonderful adaptive PE teacher who complained, in writing, many times to her supervisors about the limited periods of PE that her students had, about lack of equipment and how her students were not given the same opportunities that nondisabled children were. When she was retaliated against and not allowed to do her job, she complained some more. Her letters of complaint were used against her to fire her and she was blackballed by the whole school system. She fought back for the kids' sake, and she won. This case shows the power and value of writing letters and keeping a paper trail and then fighting back.
A Good Site for Parents of Children with Disabilities
Amazon.com Launches Accessible site
Found at http://www.amazon.com/access, the site is a streamlined version of Amazon.com's standard Internet destination with less text and graphics, providing access to Amazon.com's full line of products and personalization features.
The text and user functions are fully compatible with screen access software, which reads aloud the text and links displayed for the user. The software allows users to enter text, jump from link to link and navigate a site through the use of special keystrokes. On the Amazon Access site, customers can browse, search and utilize 1-Click buying through simple actions.
ADA Watch Coalition News
Jim Ward will soon become director of ADA Watch, a new coalition of national, state, and local organizations united to protect the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Based in Washington, DC and dependent on the support of activists and organizations throughout the nation, ADA Watch has been involved in efforts such as fighting the ADA Notification Act, strengthening the ADA in response to Garrett and other Supreme Court rulings, and advocating for Federal judicial nominees who are supportive of our rights under the ADA.
ADA Watch will be run in partnership with Wired On Wheels, an Internet-based accessibility rating network and 501(c)(3) founded by America Online executive, Debbie Fletter. In 2002, Wired On Wheels and ADA Watch will be launching a national campaign to assess which businesses are accessible to people with disabilities and will provide notice to those that are not in compliance. ADA Watch hopes to work proactively with the business community to ensure that, 11 years after the signing of the ADA, the vision of this important civil rights law is being carried out at the local level.
MiCASSA Update - Good News!
Senator Tom Harkin is getting ready to hire the new staff person who will be assisting him on the MiCASSA bill. MiCASSA would allow individuals to choose whether they want to go into an institution or receive
Meanwhile, Representative Danny Davis (D-Chicago) plans to introduce a House version on January 23! Representative Shimkus (R-Springfield, IL) who is on the Commerce Committee, will co-sponsor the House bill.
Even with all that is happening about national security and the war, we must keep up the push for MiCASSA and real choice. The bill will not become law and the issue will not move without our help.
Contact your senators and congresspeople about MiCASSA NOW and urge them to sign on as supporters of the bill. | <urn:uuid:bcf75cad-ed39-4479-a9f9-74bb8b288661> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.disabledinaction.org/activist/2002-01/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972539 | 14,094 | 1.75 | 2 |
So how does one get increased muscle growth, increased fat loss, and even increase your metabolism–and that’s just using the nutrition plan. Don’t forget, you’re also using one of today’s leading workout programs. Imagine what your results can be if you are consistent and follow this step by step system!
Heart-Healthy Diet Plan
embozz addresses three major issues that, in the fitness industry, are not commonly addressed together. However, they are crucial. In order to be at optimal health, all of these must be addressed in your fitness goals. They are: nutritional depletion, environmental toxicity, and proper exercise (IOR©). We live in a world that is inundated with chemicals that we can’t get away from. To make matters worse, our farmlands have become depleted of nutrients. There is a huge decline in the mineral and vitamin content of fruits and vegetables between 1914 and 1992 (USDA figures). In other words, the food today doesn’t have the nutrition in it that was there just 50 years ago. Additionally, commercially grown fruits and vegetables contain an average of 72 herbicides and pesticides. In the case of meat, livestock is injected with steroids, hormones, and antibiotics. All of those things go into our bodies and affect us. In order to protect the body, the liver produces more fat. The fat serves as a storage area for the toxins. The body will resist losing fat until the toxins are first cleansed from the system. Furthermore, if you cut calories when the body is already craving nutrients because of eating from a bankrupt food supply, the body goes into starvation mode and resists fat loss even more. There’s an easy solution: embozz’s recommended nutrition plan
Here’s the embozz nutrition plan in a nutshell: We load up our body with optimal nutrition, and then we allow the body to do what it naturally does, and that’s cleanse. When you get the toxins out, there is no need for extra fat to store the toxins, and the body can perform to its optimal capacity. Note: You do not have to just use the suggested products and recommended supplement brands. If you already have some, use those, and follow the instructions below.
THREE NUTRITIONAL IDEAS YOU MIGHT LIKE
Three of the Supplements I want to cover are the recommended meal replacement shakes, the cleanse products (independent/separate), and our FoodieFit Cookbook. The protein in the shakes comes from New Zealand. In New Zealand you cannot inject your cows with hormones, steroids, or antibiotics. They’re only grass fed, and the grass has never been treated. To convert the milk from liquid to powder, it is sent through a fine mister. It is never heated to a boiling point. In the United States, any product like that has to be pasteurized (boiled). When you heat something to a boiling point, you damage many of the nutrients in it. The ingredients in the shakes are undenatured. The meal replacement shakes also have 24-36 grams of protein, depending on your choice of shake. They have 18 amino acids, which rebuild our cells. They have a little bit of sugar in them—the right kind of sugar; it comes from beets. In order for the nutients to be delivered to the brain, you want a little bit of sugar. The shakes have a macronutrient ratio of 40-30-30: 40 percent carbohydrates, 30 percent protein, 30 percent fat; this keeps you satisfied longer. The shakes also contain 80 ionic trace minerals which would be hard to find in other shakes on the market. Why do we need minerals? Minerals provide the pathway to the cells. They open up the cell to receive nutrition. Finally, the shakes contain digestive enzymes. The enzymes deliver the nutrition into the cell. You’re packing maximum nutrition into minimal calories. So, if the goal is weight loss, a person can still lose weight. Bottom line: everybody benefits from these nutrients—those trying to lose weight, gain weight (muscle) or just maintain. Good nutrition is important for everyone.
The other item that is import for your success is cleansing. No, it’s not a cleanse where you have to be close to a bathroom. This is a cellular cleansing. The cleanse is an aloe vera based drink. It’s the aloe from just the heart of the aloe vera, not the leaves. It also has minerals and digestive enzymes. When you drink the cleanse, it promotes the exit of toxins from the body.
Here is the way this meal and cleanse system works. You have regular days and cleanse days. On a regular day, 2 of your meals are replaced by shakes, while one of your meals is a FoodieFit meal. This would be for individuals wanting to lose weight. For those wanting to increase or maintain weight (muscle), a regular day would consist of 2 FoodieFit meals and one shake meal. You also will have snacks, as needed, for additional protein.
On a cleanse day, the only thing you consume is the cleanse drink four times throughout the day, while eating our recommended snacks or greens with protein. These snacks keep your blood sugar level. Every 2 hours you’re putting something into your system. Your body is still metabolizing, yet not digesting. You are giving your digestive system a break, and allowing toxins to leave your body.
The next day you fuel up with maximum nutrition again with the shakes and FoodieFit meals. FoodieFit meals are a low-glycemic, 400 to 600 calorie meals. Some people find it beneficial to plan a full week of meals at one time. Consult with your trainer if needed; it’s included in your program.
People might come to me and say, “I want to be really fit and look great. What do I do?” I can put them on exercise routines and help them with their eating, but here’s the big picture: 30 percent of overall health you can manage with exercise. So if you exercise properly four to five days a week, you’re getting that 30 percent. That other 70 percent is diet and rest. And now you have the rest of the equation. When properly utilizing embozz’s Input, Output and Recovery method (IOR©), you can get that fit, sculpted physique fast. | <urn:uuid:a738b156-56fe-4ae6-9be7-83441c262a1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://embozz.com/1a-exclusive-member-content/member-nutrition-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94632 | 1,342 | 2 | 2 |
Presenting CP Daily, Carbon Pulse’s free newsletter. It’s a daily summary of our news plus bite-sized updates from around the world. Subscribe here
The European Commission on Friday published a proposal aiming to speed the bloc’s cumbersome process for ratifying the Paris Agreement, but the EU as a whole is unlikely to be a front-runner.
European carbon dropped below €6 on Friday as a weaker energy complex and a bearish auction supply outlook weighed, with prices ending at near parity week-on-week.
Liz Hardee of The Climate Trust examines how, following a recent undersubscribed auction, political support for California’s cap-and-trade program is in danger of eroding without a proper understanding of its design features.
Closing prices, ranges and volumes for China’s regional pilot carbon markets this week.
Verified Emission Reduction (VER) prices and offered volumes, based on voluntary market data provided by Carbon Trade Exchange (CTX).
BITE-SIZED UPDATES FROM AROUND THE WORLD
Coal? No siree! – The Indian Energy Ministry has announced plans to cancel four proposed coal-fired power plants with a combined capacity of 16 gigawatts, in what Tim Buckley of the IEEFA called “yet another major policy shift underscoring how seriously India is working to transform, modernize and diversify its electricity sector away from coal”. (Renew Economy)
It’s not stayed enough – Not content with the US Supreme Court’s stay of the Clean Power Plan, Republican Senator Jim Inhofe sent a letter to the EPA, questioning its efforts in finalising the rules of a programme he says will most likely be overturned. “EPA has also made clear its intent to continue work and finalize its model trading rules. These EPA actions compel states to spend their resources reviewing, preparing and filing comments on the CEIP or reviewing and preparing judicial challenges to the federal plan, otherwise states would lose important legal rights,” he wrote, also asking questions about how this would impact the EPA budget.
And finally…Carbon trolls – Like sunshine with trolls, Icelandic scientists have found a way to turn CO2 into stone. As an emerging CCS technology with little carbon leakage risk, 95% of GHGs pumped into basalt rock solidifies in only two years at a cost of $30 per tonne of CO2e, scientists say. The downside is it takes 25 tonnes of water to store one tonne of CO2e, which may have people in water-stressed regions balk, but the process can apparently also be carried out using sea water. (Climate Home)
Got a tip? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:5a870cfb-28ae-421b-a0f2-74278bb8c6b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://carbon-pulse.com/21154/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928951 | 571 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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Wat Chantaransay Khmer Pagoda in District 3 (or the Moonlight Pagoda - Wat means pagoda, Chantaransay means moonlight) is the first of its kind in Ho Chi Minh City. The pagoda was built in 1946, and up until now, has been a significant keepsake of Khmer Krom’s culture and religious activities.
There are around 1.3 million Khmer people in Vietnam who mostly reside in the Mekong Delta region (otherwise called Khmer Krom). Even though they settle in their own villages, Khmer people live harmoniously with other ethnic groups, while maintaining their culture through traditions like Ngo boat race on the Ok-ang Bok (worship of the moon) festival or Chol Chnam Thmay (New Year festival). They mainly live as fishermen and pottery artisans. The Khmer language can be spoken by the majority of residents here.
The ritual of bathing the Buddha on the third day of Chol Chnam Thmay festival.
In Ho Chi Minh City, there are approximately 25.000 Khmer people (2015), and most of them live around the Nhieu Loc and Thi Nghe canals, Wat Chantaransay Khmer Pagoda and Wat Pothiwong Pagoda (Tan Binh District). Due to the scattered population, they don’t have as distinct a culture as Khmer Krom. Few can read and write in the Khmer language, and most cultural activities take place at the above-mentioned pagodas. There’s also a Cambodian market in District 10, and a Khmer language center located at Pho Minh Pagoda in Go Vap District.
Around 84% of Khmer people in Vietnam are followers of Theravada Buddhism. They also seek nirvana by gaining merits from supporting Buddhism and studying in the monastery. Some of the biggest festivals are the Meak Bochea, Visak Bochea, Chol Vossa, Chenh Vossa, and Kathina. Celebrations often include praying and giving food to the monks for good merits.
More on Religions in Vietnam.
Whether you’re backpacking or going on tour around Ho Chi Minh City, Wat Chantaransay Khmer Pagoda is a must in learning about the rich culture of minority ethnic groups in Vietnam.
The pagoda’s ground is 4.500 square meters and has undergone seven restorations. It bears many signature features of a Theravada Buddhism pagoda.
In the middle of the yard, you will immediately spot a small pond, and Buddha stupa in gold - the signature color of Buddhism. The roof of the stupa is decorated with dragon’s tails that symbolize power and eminence.
Fish and turtle pond and Buddha stupa.
Next to the parking lot is a white, medium-sized Reclining Buddha statue that has a gold Naga (snake) at its feet. Naga symbols can be found everywhere in Wat Chantaransay as they’re often regarded as the protector of the Buddha and the dharma.
The statue of the Reclining Buddha.
Decors in the form of the naga can be found throughout the pagoda.
Another key element of the pagoda is the sala - accommodation of the monks. There are two buildings used as sala: one on the left and one on the right of the pond. The salas are painted orange and decorated with colorful statues of Gandharva, Garuda, and flowers that give the place a vivid, yet dignified feeling.
A Gandharva statue at the front of the sala.
The pagoda’s cool and serene atmosphere despite Ho Chi Minh City’s burning sun.
The sala’s hidden on the left of the pagoda.
Last but not least is the most important building in Wat Chantaransay - the sanctuary. The sanctuary faces East. It has two stories, two doors each at the front and the back. Inside the sanctuary is a 5-level altar, arranged from big to small, for Buddha only, since Theravada Buddhism doesn’t worship Bodhisattva and other deities. People come here to pray and give incense, and to look at the beautifully painted walls and ceiling as well.
The sanctuary of Wat Chantaransay Khmer Pagoda.
The walls and pillars are intricately engraved with flowers, which creates a soft, royal look.
The altar for Buddha in the sanctuary.
The inner walls and ceiling of the sanctuary that’s painted with stories of Buddha’s path to enlightenment.
A sutra bookcase at the back of the sanctuary.
A stupa that’s used to store monks’ remains at the back of the pagoda.
Address: 164/235, Tran Quoc Thao Street, Ward 14, District 3.
Opening hours: 6.30 AM - 7 PM daily.
Entrance fee: None.
The pagoda’s opposite Phap Hoa Pagoda in District 3, and it’s about 5 minutes by motorbike from Le Van Sy bridge.
Wat Chantaransay Khmer Pagoda can be easily recognized with its distinctive gate of various religious symbols.
Book a Day Tour in Ho Chi Minh and let the team of local professional guides accompany you on the trip.
Check out our private motorbike tours with professional local guides
Motorbike for Rent: VND 120,000 – 300,000/day.
Parking fee: as much as you’d like to give.Bus: VND 5,000 – 10,000/ride.
Public Bus: take bus number 04, 152 or 109 to Ly Chinh Thang bus stop (288 B7, Nam Ky Khoi Nghia Street, District 3) and walk for 550 meters to get to Wat Chantaransay Khmer Pagoda.
Look up the bus routes on the bus map app, HCMC MCPT official site or this map.
Taxi: Fare varies among brands.
Taxi’s a great choice for the burning heat of Ho Chi Minh City, but it can be costly and can lead to dangerous taxi scams.
While the Khmer community in Ho Chi Minh City is small, they are accounted for numerous fascinating traditions and are an integral part of Vietnamese history, so visit here for a wholesome experience of the S-shaped land.
Get your travel insurance plan to explore more of Ho Chi Minh City:
© Written by Ngan Mai for itourvn.com
When you subscribe to the blog, we will send you an e-mail when there are new updates on the site so you wouldn't miss them. | <urn:uuid:e5c61b82-b816-497d-9cec-e9650dfebf69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itourvn.com/blog/wat-chantaransay-khmer-pagoda-in-district-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928092 | 1,440 | 2.5625 | 3 |
COVID-19 and Smoking: What you need to know
If you smoke, now is the time to quit, to help you stay healthy and out of hospital. Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection, which can affect the heart and the lungs. Smoking damages your lungs, which can put you at greater risk of developing severe disease from COVID-19. For help to stop smoking visit: https://www.livewellstaywellbucks.co.uk/Service/29/stop-smoking.
Quitting is the best thing you'll ever do, and it can make a drastic improvement to your lifestyle and health in ways you might not expect. Once you stop smoking, some of the benefits are immediate and some are longer-term. On average, cigarette smokers die 10 years younger than non-smokers.
Find out why now is the right time to quit
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- You will protect the health of those around you by not exposing them to second-hand smoke, however careful you think you are being.
Pregnancy and Smoking
Quitting smoking is one of the best things you and your partner can do to help your baby develop healthily during pregnancy and beyond.
We know that it can be difficult to stop smoking. But we also know that you want to give your baby the best possible start in life.
The risks of smoking during pregnancy are serious, from premature delivery to increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or sudden infant death. No matter what stage you're at in your pregnancy, it's never too late to stop smoking.Last reviewed: 11/03/2021 | <urn:uuid:41a389a2-8066-4062-9d3a-70621fb4139c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthandwellbeingbucks.org/why-quit-smoking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949222 | 431 | 2.625 | 3 |
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) interacts specifically with heparin and fibronectin in vitro and colocalizes with fibronectin and heparan sulfate in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Its conformation is strongly dependent on Ca2+ concentration. We have previously shown that both heparin and fibronectin have two binding sites on the TSP-1 subunit which may require conformational change for their occupancy (R. Dardik and J. Lahav, 1987, Eur. J. Biochem. 168, 347; ibid 1989, 185, 581). To investigate the effect of TSP- 1 binding to fibronectin and heparin on its functional conformation, TSP-1 was subjected to proteolysis in the presence and absence of ligands and of Ca2+. We found that while trypsin cleavage of free TSP-1 resulted in the inactivation of ligand binding, TSP-1 bound to either fibronectin or heparin remained stably associated with these ligands. Cleavage by thrombin or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) showed that Ca2+-depleted TSP-1, when bound to fibronectin or to heparin, yielded proteolytic cleavage patterns typical of the Ca2+-containing form. Cleavage by chymotrypsin was not affected by binding to fibronectin or heparin; hence loss of proteolytic susceptibility was not due to steric hindrance by the ligands. Taken together, these results indicate that: (A) binding of TSP-1 to fibronectin or heparin is a two-step mechanism where binding to one site leads to conformational changes that enable binding to the second site; (B) TSP-1 in complex with fibronectin or heparin adopts the Ca2+-containing conformation in the absence of Ca2+; and (C) such complexes are highly resistant to cleavage by tPA and, if cleaved by other enzymes, the TSP-1 fragments remain bound to other ECM components. These characteristics have profound significance for platelet adhesion and cell migration into wounds where Ca2+ concentrations are reduced.
- Extracellular matrix | <urn:uuid:8f74d6da-9716-4b4a-99c5-8c3a1dce6f40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/publications/functional-changes-in-the-conformation-of-thrombospondin-1-during | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920892 | 515 | 1.625 | 2 |
Dino Theme Park CraftFunction introduction
<p>In Traffic Buster, one wrong gesture could mean the difference between a peaceful traffic stop and a series of exploding school buses.</p><p>I feel like the conductor for some kind of horrible, twisted metal symphony of destruction playing this game. It's actually a lot of fun.</p><p>Traffic Buster puts you in charge of a four-way intersection.</p><p>As cars come from all directions, your job is to either tap on individual vehicles to force them to brake momentarily, or swipe to make them speed up.</p><p>Failure means any kind of accident, from a low-speed fender-bender to a multiple car pile-up resulting in devastating explosions and debris.</p><p>The destruction keeps piling up too, as long as you don't tap out to start again.</p>
<p>Revealed today at the IFA tech show in Berlin, Samsung's Galaxy Note 4 and Galaxy Note Edge are, essentially, the same thing.</p><p>The big difference is that the Note Edge has a separate curved screen that, as you can guess, hangs on the edge.</p><p>The specs for both phones look like this: </p>2.7GHz Quad-Core processor or 1.9GHz Octa-Core processor depending on location3GB RAM32GB internal storage, microSD card slot16MP rear camera with "smart OIS" / 3.7MP f1.9 front cameraAndroid 4.4<p>The Note 4 has a 5.7 inch display while the Note Edge has a 5.6 inch display. The Edge's extra panel on the right side increasing its total width beyond the Note 4's.</p><p>There's also a fingerprint scanner included and both phones come with fast-charging batteries - going from zero to fifty percent in half an hour, apparently.</p><p>(Image via Engadget)</p><p>The curved screen can be operated independently of the main screen and is typically used to display navigational buttons.</p><p>It can also display strips of customised pictures and serves to host buttons when using the phone as a camera. It's not really essential for anyone to have outside of possessing 'showy off' tech.</p><p>Samsung announced that the Galaxy Note 4 will be available in October while the Galaxy Edge will be available later this year.</p>Android PoliceAnne fairly hugged herself with delight over the success of her idea.
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<p>nDreams has announced a release date for it’s VR adventure the Assembly.</p><p>The Assembly will release for the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift this summer, with a release for the the PlayStation VR later in the year.</p><p>The Assembly is being billed as a perfect introduction to virtual reality and if you watch the trailer below, it’s definitely interesting.</p><p>We haven’t yet had a chance to get our hands on the Assembly, but the plot revolves around a group that conducts various shady experiments in a secret group far away from the eyes of the public or even the government.</p><p>The Assembly’s big selling point is it’s shifting narrative, where players will experience events from the perspective of different characters. This means you’ll be seeing events from different viewpoints and work out a lot about the motivations of both of the games protagonists.</p>
A LION, greatly desiring to capture a Bull, and yet afraid to attack him on account of his great size, resorted to a trick to ensure his destruction. He approached the Bull and said, "I have slain a fine sheep, my friend; and if you will come home and partake of him with me, I shall be delighted to have your company." The Lion said this in the hope that, as the Bull was in the act of reclining to eat, he might attack him to advantage, and make his meal on him. The Bull, on approaching the Lion's den, saw the huge spits and giant caldrons, and no sign whatever of the sheep, and, without saying a word, quietly took his departure. The Lion inquired why he went off so abruptly without a word of salutation to his host, who had not given him any cause for offense. "I have reasons enough," said the Bull. "I see no indication whatever of your having slaughtered a sheep, while I do see very plainly every preparation for your dining on a bull."
"Is he a modern Nazarite or a Hebrew prophet left over from olden times?" asked Anne. | <urn:uuid:31b82128-ac03-4cdc-ac35-18278f129357> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thesantabarbarians.com/urvival/228593.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.805335 | 3,050 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Just some inspirational quotes from some of the most popular movies, I hope it motivates you.
NUMBER 1. Theme: Ignore the negativity around you.
The Pursuit of Happyness-– A Father (will smith) to his son “Hey. Don’t ever let somebody tell you… You can’t do something. Not even me. All right? You got a dream… You gotta protect it. People can’t do something themselves, they wanna tell you you can’t do it. If you want something, go get it.
NUMBER 2. Theme: Exploit your inner resources and achieve greatness.
From the film *Coach Carter—-Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. We are all meant to shine as children do. It’s not just in some of us; it is in everyone.
NUMBER 3. Theme: Be different and original.
This quote is from the movie “A Beautiful Mind“.
This is what every entrepreneur should think. How is the entrepreneur’s idea/product different, effective from the run off the mill kind of ideas/product.
Nash: Find a truly original idea. It is the only way I will ever distinguish myself. It is the only way I will ever matter.
NUMBER 4. Theme: Be a Maverick and have the power of independent thought to guide you in your decision making process.
An entrepreneur is a maverick. What he sees is something those around them can hardly fathom. These quotes inspire us to think for ourselves and be individualistic.
DEAD POETS SOCIETY-— Robin William plays a teacher who preaches that one must do what one likes to do and feels good doing it.
No matter what anybody tells you, words and ideas can change the world. “
There is a time for daring and a time for caution, and a wise man knows which is called for.”
I thought the purpose of education was to learn to think for yourself. “
NUMBER 5. Theme: Dealing with Failure.
DRIVEN—- A racer just looses his race and then quotes “Everybody FALLS, all that matters is how fast you GETUP.” | <urn:uuid:6d25c9e7-0735-4991-aa8a-2d3b642f67f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://yhponline.com/2009/02/28/inspirational-movies-quotes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955177 | 485 | 1.796875 | 2 |
By Sue Bedford (MSc Nutritional Therapy)
Get a healthy antioxidant start to the day with this nutritious and delicious Matcha and blueberry smoothie bowl topped with kiwi fruit slices.
Matcha is a fine green powder made from green tea leaves- which contains a special type of plant flavonol called Catechins (which contain antioxidants) – recent research has shown that one cup of matcha has 100 times the antioxidants compared to green tea (and green has about double the levels found in black tea). The powerful Catechins provided by Matcha reduces the production of free radicals and, as a result, helps to protect the DNA of our cells, including that of the egg and sperm cells (anti-ageing). Matcha also contains a good amount of the amino acid L-Theanine which has a calming effect on the body, helping to reduce stress and anxiety and aids sleep.
Blueberries are a rich source of many vital nutrients including folate, vitamin k, potassium and fibre. They are also a very good source of the powerful antioxidant vitamin C. This helps to support the immune system, regulate hormones and reduce oxidative stress caused by free radicals to help protect the DNA in sperm and egg cell. It may also help protect against ageing.
Kiwi Fruit contain one of the highest vitamin C content of any fruit. Kiwi fruit may be small but they are packed full of goodness!…. from vitamin C and E to folate, kiwifruit has it all — and then some! They also contain a good amount of fibre too.
1 medium ripe banana or avocado
200g kefir or organic live yoghurt
1 tbsp of Matcha Powder
A handful of spinach
1 tsp honey
1 kiwi fruit and blueberries (along with seeds and nuts of choice) to decorate
Add to blender and whizz until smooth and creamy. Spoon into a nice bowl and decorate the top with sliced kiwi fruit, blueberries and seeds and nuts of your choice. Enjoy for breakfast, or a snack.
IVF BabbleRead More | <urn:uuid:1ae41255-46b6-426b-94a1-07e7cb5f9d39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fertilityfirstuk.org/2021/05/21/matcha-and-blueberry-breakfast-bowl-makes-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931783 | 441 | 1.890625 | 2 |
A new research paper published today in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences demonstrates that men and women's brains connectivity is very different which, according to the authors, gives a "potential neural basis as to why men excel at certain tasks and women at others," matching some commonly-held stereotypes.
The study—one the largest of its kind with 949 individuals aged 8 to 22—used an imaging technique that can "trace and highlight the fiber pathways connecting the different regions of the brain, laying the foundation for a structural connectome or network of the whole brain."
Using the data captured, Dr. Ragini Verma and his colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine's radiology department found that men have a denser neuronal connectivity between the front and the back of the brain, while women have a greater connectivity between right and left hemispheres. The differences accentuated with age: they were less under 13 and increased as the test subjects got older.
According to their conclusions, this denser connectivity explains why males are better at coordinating their perceptions with their actions, while women are better at connecting their analytical and intuition functions:
On average, men are more likely better at learning and performing a single task at hand, like cycling or navigating directions, whereas women have superior memory and social cognition skills, making them more equipped for multitasking and creating solutions that work for a group. They have a mentalistic approach, so to speak.
In other words: women are great at leadership and finding solutions for humanity while men are grunts good at learning single tasks fast. Which actually makes a lot of sense and explains the state of things in the world.
According to one of the co-authors, Dr. Ruben Gur, "it's quite striking how complementary the brains of women and men really are. Detailed connectome maps of the brain will not only help us better understand the differences between how men and women think, but it will also give us more insight into the roots of neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often sex related." | <urn:uuid:1de3cd4f-46c9-42f7-a1fc-40f8eef133c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gizmodo.com/newly-discovered-gender-neuronal-differences-explain-so-1475665938?utm_campaign=socialflow_gizmodo_facebook&utm_source=gizmodo_facebook&utm_medium=socialflow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962506 | 418 | 3.203125 | 3 |
March 12, 2021
March 12, 2021
By Hallie Mae Kirk, Age 11
Today is my birthday. And I don’t remember the day I was born, but I have heard it was a very joyful day. When I celebrate my birthday, I give thanks to the Lord. At the beginning of Psalm 107, it says, “Give thanks to the Lord because He is good.”
I am thankful to God for food, water, and a home. I am also thankful for creation and nature including the flowers, the green grass, and the tall trees. I am also blessed to have family and friends. And we all know that we sometimes need that one furry friend at home, and I am grateful for my dog Mercy.
On my birthday and every day, I always thank the Lord for my life that He gave me. I like getting presents especially when someone gives me something I like. But sometimes on my birthday I get gift cards which I also like. But if I just leave them lying around in a drawer, they’re not worth anything. But if I take it to the store and redeem it, I can get something that I want. Sometimes redeem means to let go of something to get something better.
I learned that redeemed means to make up for or compensate for the faults or bad aspects of something or someone. I also learned that for Christians redemption means deliverance from sin. In Psalm 107 it talks about the Lord redeeming His people “from the power of their enemies.”
We need to be thankful for our lives and God’s redeeming love!
So today let’s “Give thanks to the Lord because He is good, and because His faithful love lasts forever!” | <urn:uuid:51b1a9ab-8330-4847-98b9-d6ead4a55df9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bumc.net/2021/03/12/give-thanks-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961147 | 377 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Testing the MAF (Mass Air Flow) sensor on your Ford truck or SUV or full size van is a very simple and easy affair. This article will walk you through the whole process without removing the MAF sensor from the engine. As you may already know, the MAF sensor is inside the round air filter canister assembly and this article will teach you how to test it.
The MAF sensor test/diagnostic can be accomplished in four easy steps using a multimeter. You don't even need a scan tool! Below you'll find important pre-test info that'll speed up the diagnostic process.
If you're looking for the article on how to test the Ford MAF sensor that's not inside the air filter canister assembly, go here: How To Test Ford MAF Sensors Using A Multimeter.
OK, one last thing before we jump into the test, if you're diagnosing a 4.6L or 5.4L pick up or SUV, let me just make you aware where you can find a complete list of 4.6L and 5.4L ‘How To Test’ articles that are located in this Web Site and at troubleshootmyvehicle.com and this list is found here: Ford 4.6L, 5.4L Index Of Articles.
You can find this tutorial in Spanish here: Cómo Probar El MAF Ford (4.2L, 4.6L, 5.4L) (at: autotecnico-online.com).
Common Symptoms Of A Bad Ford MAF Sensor
This list covers the majority of symptoms I've seen on these types of Ford mass air flow sensors:
- MAF Codes that light up the check engine light (CEL) on your instrument cluster.
- P0102: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit Low Input.
- P0103: Mass Air Flow (MAF) Circuit High Input.
- MAF sensor malfunction that DOES NOT light up the check engine light (CEL).
- Lean and/or Rich code(s).
- Fuel Trim code(s).
- A tremendous lack of power upon acceleration.
- Black smoke coming from the tail-pipe.
- Bad gas mileage.
- Vehicle may idle rough and stall.
Is My Ford MAF Sensor Just Dirty?
MAF sensors have a tremendous tendency to get dirty and cause several headaches that may include: bad gas mileage, higher emissions, and/or lack of power. For the most part, when one is dirty, the truck, or van or SUV seems to drive OK, but not with the same peppiness as before. So how do I diagnose a dirty/contaminated Ford MAF sensor? Well:
- I'll take a quick look before I start my diagnostic and see if the two hot-wires (that make up the MAF sensor) are dirty. By dirty I mean ‘contaminated’ (to use an industry standard term). To see an example of this: Dirty MAF Sensor Example.
- Or, I'll test it first following the guidelines set in this article, to see if it's producing a MAF signal.
- If it is producing a signal, but the signal's response is too slow to changes in throttle position, then I know to look into cleaning it.
Why does it get dirty/contaminated? Well, it's usually due to an air filter not performing its job or the round plastic canister assembly, that holds the air filter, is broken or not sealing correctly. The Ford MAF sensors are some of the easiest MAF sensor to clean. To see/read the step by step instructions on how to clean this type of Ford MAF sensor in the round air filter canister, click here: Cleaning The Ford Canister Type MAF Sensor.
Air Leaks Wreaking Havoc On MAF Sensor Control
The second most common problem I have encountered on most Fords (Mercurys and Lincolns) over the years is air leaks between the MAF sensor and the throttle body. It is crucial, yes very critical that you first check that there are no air leaks between these two. Air entering after the mass air flow sensor into the engine will negatively impact fuel injection. And will skew the results of your tests which could result in the replacement of a good MAF (and in the process throwing money away).
How do you check for air leaks? With your eyes and hands. That's right, no special tools required. Just eyeball and physically shake/move the rubber air ducts that connect the MAF sensor to the throttle body to see if it's loose or disconnected.
Circuit Descriptions Of The Ford MAF Sensor's Connector
Whether your driving a Ford, Mercury or Lincoln full size pick up (F150-F350), SUV, or full size van (E150-E350) the circuits descriptions of the wires coming out of the round air filter canister are the same. You'll notice that the photos (in the image photo above) have the MAF connectors numbered 1 thru' 4. I'll be using these numbers for the circuit descriptions. Here's the description of each circuit below:
- Number 1:
- MAF Signal.
- Number 2:
- Ground that the ECM provides.
- Number 3:
- Number 4:
- 12 Volts.
To test these circuits you'll need to use a tool to pierce the wire to be tested. I recommend using a wire-piercing probe since it'll be the most effective and easiest way of getting to the signal. If you need to see what this tool looks like, click here: Wire-Piercing Probe. Independent of the method you use, be careful not to damage the wire(s). Take all safety precautions.
Another important thing to note is that the color of the wires (coming out of your Ford, Lincoln or Mercury pick up or SUV or van) does not matter. In other words, the circuit description/job of the wire is the same regardless of Make/Model and color of the wire.
IMPORTANT: All of the tests are ON CAR TESTS, do not remove the mass air flow sensor from the vehicle or from its plumbing. | <urn:uuid:edd70829-8aea-4a2d-9c1b-9440fe01afd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://easyautodiagnostics.com/ford/4.6L-5.4L/maf-sensor-tests-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.87014 | 1,315 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Curved bench. We think the likely answer to this clue is ARCHWAY. Dear Friends, if you are seeking to finish the race to the end of the game but you are blocked at Word Lanes Entrance with curved structure overhead, you could consider that you are already a winner ! The backstage entrance to the theatre. The entrance to the home is accentuated by masses of annual flowers that frame the bluestone steps. Table 4-1 Entrance Types and RulesF-97 Table 4-2 Summary of Entrance Throats F-102 Table 4-3 Design Vehicle and Turning Radius by Land UseF-104 . The new permeable driveway is built of recycled clay bricks placed on gravel. Answers of Entrance With Curved Structure Overhead might change from time to time on each game update. From $67.74 $89.99 . Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! This answers first letter of which starts with A and can be found at the end of H. We think ARCH is the possible answer on this clue. Linvisibile hinged system is available also with a Curved leaf version. Its curved design stands up to the elements, while the three black brackets feature . Portable and assembles in minutes. It is distinguished by the use of adjustable concealed hinges and the absence of door frames or jambs to achieve seamless continuity between wall and door. Road Design Manual Appendix F Page F-1 DEFINITIONS Acceleration Lane: An auxiliary lane, including tapered areas, that . CodyCross is an addictive game developed by Fanatee. . Request more info.
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CodyCross Entrance with curved structure overhead Answers: The answer of the question Entrance with curved structure overhead Answer of Codycross for the question Entrance with curved structure overhead. Below are all possible answers to this clue ordered by its rank. Kindly offered by CodyCross Master, Small World . If you are interested in our products, please get in touch with us. . Snap, tough, & flex cases created by independent artists. Here are all the Entrance with curved structure overhead answers. Each world has more than 20 groups with 5 puzzles each. 2D Overhead Structure-Curved Rectangle has a durable stretch fabric and eye-popping dye sub graphic. Entrance With Curved Structure Overhead Answers. A R C H W A Y. Some of the worlds are: Planet Earth, Under The Sea, Inventions, Seasons, Circus, Transports and . Entrance with curved structure overhead.
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Crossword Answers for "Entrance with curved structure overhead" Added on Tuesday, January 7, 2020. Search: Quonset Overhead Door. Last updated: June 21 2022. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 4 letters.
CodyCross still manages to exceed everyone's expectations. Curved structure (4) ARCH: Curve over (4) Something curved (4) Footwear insert (4) Curved span (4) Image on Missouri's state quarter (4) St. Louis sight (4) Feature of the western end of the Champs-lyses (4) Roguish, cunning (4) Part of a foot (4) Impressive entranceway (4) Curved doorway (4) Cunning; bridge (4) Curved entrance adornment (4)
Entrance with curved structure overhead; Curved overhead beam; Lifting gear on overhead structure; Metal structure for carrying overhead cables; The crossword clue Curved entrance with 7 letters was last seen on the June 04, 2021. The avg price is $40,247. 20 Gorgeous Garden Arbor Ideas for an Enchanting Outdoor Space. CodyCross Entrance With Curved Structure Overhead Exact Answer for Small World Group 700 Puzzle 3. Here is the answer for: Curved structure over an entranceway crossword clue answers, solutions for the popular game Daily Celebrity Crossword. The Overhead Door Company of Central Missouri can install new garage doors, garage door openers, and garage door accessories to enhance your home's value It has 14 walls and 4-pitch, a personnel door, an 18 x 12 door and a 10 x 12 door There is an included six-month warranty on the cover of the greenhouse, Call us for any question: 720 . Refine the search results by specifying the number of . The Stormtite AP Model 627 offers commercial and industrial facility owners the most advanced thermal performance values . . Just like you, we enjoy playing CodyCross game. contemporary flat aluminum frame. Entrance with curved structure overhead.
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Whether standing alone or covered with climbing vines and flowers, these outdoor structures add a striking focal point to your yard. This illustration is not intended to apply to the older bridges with widely distended masses, which render each pier sufficient to abut the arches springing from it, but tend, in providing for a way over the . This crossword clue Curved structure over an entranceway was discovered last seen in the June 13 2021 at the Crosswords With Friends Crossword. set of optimized strips. If you are looking for other crossword clue solutions simply use the search functionality in the sidebar. Aluminium structure (heavy) silver anodizing. E3604.2.2 Vertical Clearance From Grade. Overhead crane capacity (t): 2. There is a subject that those who follow us will know very well. Find out all of the information about the SETTER PLAY product: entrance canopy CURVED-BEAM. 1100 66-in Wide x 30-in Projection Black Solid Fixed Door Awning. The game developed it Fanatee Games a game company ultra famous, this contains many worlds which are words in a crossword puzzle using the . The Crosswordleak.com system found 25 answers for curved overhead structure crossword clue.
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1500 84-in Wide x 54-in Projection Evergreen Solid Fixed Door Awning. The dangling handles pose a great upper body workout. Here is the answer for: Curved structure over an entranceway crossword clue answers, solutions for the popular game Daily Celebrity Crossword. Word. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 4 letters. Below you will find the correct answer to Entrance with curved structure overhead Crossword Clue, if you need more help finishing your crossword continue your navigation and try our search function.
Crossword Clue. This answers first letter of which starts with A and can be found at the end of H. We think ARCH is the possible answer on this clue.
It can be painted in the same finish as the walls, becoming almost invisible. Find the answer to the crossword clue Curved structure. by MCombo.
Arrow Timber Framing. These arbor ideas will enhance your garden with charming appeal. Entrance with curved structure overhead Answers is: A R C H W A Y Previous All Puzzle 3 Answers Next .
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Synonyms for curved structure include arch, vault, dome, span, archway, doorway, portico, bridge, arcade and cupola.
Pendant lights are popular picks for overhead lighting - and good reason! Search: Quonset Overhead Door. There's normally a separate phone line to the stage door, and calls can sometimes be put through to dressing room phones. Prefix Coy Coyly roguish Crafty Cunning Curve Curved doorway Curved masonry construction Curved overhead structure Curved structure builder ultimately installed in a church . Chief curved structure - Crossword Clue, Answer and Explanation If you are looking for other crossword clue solutions simply use the search functionality in the sidebar. 1.
The answer for clue: Curved overhead structure. | <urn:uuid:1ffe0bbd-6183-4d45-99e2-6f69d1ea2335> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hupik.com/prediction/used/cheap/31280512fa7d7d8357baf9ee125044bf9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.912235 | 5,176 | 1.554688 | 2 |
This section contains a comprehensive list of books, articles, and other resources, with links to Google scholar and specially created reviews by historians and scholars. These items are linked to the Courses.
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In Medical Science. 1997..
Public Health Ethics and Community-Based Research: Lessons from the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. New York, NY: Springer Pub; 2004.. | <urn:uuid:9e124bb7-8454-4428-9295-f9641e365f30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chaamp.virginia.edu/biblio?page=4&f%5Bauthor%5D=187&s=title&o=asc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.865283 | 107 | 1.953125 | 2 |
If you run and manage your own website or blog, chances are you probably already know what a sitemap is. And what it looks like.
But do you know exactly what it’s for?
A sitemap is essentially a list of your website’s pages – often organized in hierarchical order, showing how each of these pages are linked or related. It can be in the form of a document, or an actual web page, with a general top-down view of the overall contents of your website – much like, say, a “table of contents” would list and describe the pages of a book. A sitemap will typically also identify the URLs of each web page, and the data under each section, so that arriving at any one of your website’s pages is just a click away.
Okay, that’s cool and all, but why do you need to create your own sitemap? How will it affect your website content, if it’s nothing more than a hyperlinked list of your website’s contents?
Sitemaps are a navigational tool for human readers. Having your own sitemap will make it easier for your visitors to find the information they’re looking for – without having to navigate through every other page or click every other link. Otherwise, they won’t stick around, and will just close their web browser or move on to another site.
Sitemaps are a navigational tool for robots. Or, as they’re more appropriately called, the search engine spiders. Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and other search engines use sitemaps to index websites and pages – all towards the goal of delivering better, more accurate, more updated searches to users. When you create a sitemap and submit it to search engines, you are then allowing these spiders to find and index your pages faster than if you merely waited for them to locate new or updated pages.
Sitemaps help you push new content to search engines and users. A search engine like Google will have like billions and billions of pages to index, right? Well, make it easier for you to get found by creating a sitemap, so that every new page in your site is returned in search queries. This doesn’t exactly give you a high search listing, but at least you’re actively pushing new content instead of having it pulled or possibly left out by search engines.
Sitemaps help you manage internal links. There will come a time when your website or blog has grown in such a way that you’re unable to keep track of all the internal links that you’ve scattered across the pages. Do you have broken internal links that lead to non-existent pages? Are you aware of orphaned pages that cannot be reached except by entering the URL directly at the web browser’s address bar? With a sitemap, you’ll be better equipped to find – and manage – these site navigation problems.
Sitemaps are a great way to organize your website. And isn’t organization a good thing? Travis Bickle of Taxi Driver would think so.
Generating your own HTML or XML sitemap is easier than ever, thanks to a number of free online tools / site map generators that you’ll find on the Web. (An XML sitemap is basically a sitemap based on a specific protocol or coding language that enables search engine crawlers find, analyze, and index your site more easily. They’re also great for making searchable sites out of those built in Flash or some other non-HTML language.) Whichever generator you use, make sure you keep some of these best practices in mind:
- Keep your links clean and use plain text.
- Add a link to your sitemap on your home page. (Just like we did!)
- Use the exact titles of your web pages as the anchor text of the links listed in your sitemap.
- Use categories, list levels, or traditional bulleting to organize the links in your sitemap and make your website easier to navigate.
To submit your sitemaps to the Google, Yahoo!, and Bing, just follow these steps:
- Visit Google Webmaster Tools, sign in using your Google account, add your website, and add your sitemap.
- Go to Yahoo! Site Explorer, add your website, and submit the full URL of your sitemap.
- To submit your sitemap to Bing, just copy and paste the URL below as a single URL into your browser’s address bar: http://www.bing.com/webmaster/ping.aspx?sitemap=www.YourWebAddress.com/sitemap.xml. Make sure you change “www.YourWebAddress.com” to your domain name before pressing Enter. | <urn:uuid:fcb5e255-1950-4547-83b7-365f6c0b8501> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lakeshorebranding.com/why-you-should-create-a-sitemap-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.883855 | 1,016 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Image referenced from: revolverwarholgallery About Andy Warhol https://revolverwarholgallery.com/andy-warhol/
Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)
He was one of the leading artists of 1960s Pop Art Movement. He explored in a wide variety of art forms, including performance art, filmmaking, video installations and writing. Andy Warhol was generally known as a successful commercial illustrator.
Image referenced from: The Warhol Campbell’s Soup: Ode to Food
Image referenced from: Pinterest https://www.pinterest.com/pin/419679258996976244/
In 1962, he exhibited the now-iconic paintings of Campbell’s soup cans and he also used vivid and garish colors to create celebrity portraits. “My idea of a good picture is one that’s in focus and of a famous person.”, he said.
For most of the twentieth century, screen-printing techniques were kept confidential. It wasn’t until the 1960s, with the help of Andy Warhol, that it became a more widely recognized art form.
He produced silkscreen paintings based on photograph and used its efficiency to his advantage to create multiple copies of the same composition in different colors.
Eight Elvises was sold for a reported $100 million
Image referenced from: Total Histroy Eight Elvises http://totallyhistory.com/eight-elvises/
The concept of speed was depicted simply by decrement of space in between each print.
Image referenced from: microstencil What is stencil printing? http://spc.microstencil.com/tutorials/what-is-stencil-printing
The screenprinting process is a form of stenciling, in which a stencil is placed on top of a sheet and then ink is pushed through the stencil to create an image.
“Isn’t life a series of images that change as they repeat themselves?”
Image referenced from: AZZURRO 23 MAY ANDY WARHOL, CHASING SHADOWS IN PARI http://azzurrodue.com/andy-warhol-chasing-shadows-in-paris/
I saw the quote above and wonder maybe this was what Andy Warhol expressed in his work” Shadows”. There were in total 102 parts exhibited as one work displayed like a long film strip. There were produced using his famous process of silkscreened and hand painting.
They were based on photographs of real shadows taken in The Factory (his studio in NYC)
There were alternate between positive and negative imprints with range of hue. Seriality and repetition created visual music, artwork full of mood and mystery. Following his previous experiments on abstraction e.g. Oxidation
Inspiration from the Shadows for me was that he made use of the photograph taken of real life. He chose the specific part of the shadows and combined different colors to express his emotion and feeling. With black and white contrast in the variation of hue background, a strong yet mysterious atmosphere emerged. All the paintings were displayed in a strip, creating a flow with vitality, symbolizing ups and downs in life.
Oxidation also referred as Warhol’s Piss Paintings
Generally attributed to 1977-78
Canvas pre-coated with copper painted by Warhol. Uric acid would oxidize the metal in the copper ground, causing it to discolor, allowing patterns to be created according to the ‘movement’ of the ‘painter’. He experimented with both pattern and coloration by using a variety of metallic background paints and varying fluid and food intake.
May be inspired by Pasolini’s film, Teorama (1968) where a man urinated on a canvas in search for ultimate methodology and activities in sex clubs and gay bathhouses.
Image referenced from: christies the art people Andy Warhol
Image referenced from: Study Blue https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/final-2/deck/6214367
From my point of view, this was experiment Andy Warhol carried out on the chemical reactions. Since the movement of the painters wasn’t fixed and the exposure to the air made a great difference on the outcome of the art work, they were in a sense unpredictable and spontaneous and adventurous as one may say.
Image referenced from: Pinterst https://www.pinterest.com/hayetdeb/rorschach/
Image referenced from: The Warhol Rorschach, 1984 http://www.warhol.org/collection/art/work/1998-1-297/
These paintings were achieved by painting on one side, and folding vertically to imprint it on the other half. Andy Warhol used this pour-and-fold technique to obtain the symmetrical images that appeared somewhat resembled body parts.
This technique was modeled on the famous “inkblot” test invented by the Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach. The actual test provides ten standardized blots for a patient to decipher to interpret about the subject’s personality, intelligence and sexual proclivities.
The research brought me back to the definition of automatic drawing and realized the similarity of them. We draw or pour ink spontaneously and let our heart lead the way. The outcome in some level reveals something deeper about us.
Links to other posts:
2D LINES EXPERIENMENT (including stencil printing inspired by Andy Warhol) | <urn:uuid:fba834a5-cce0-4154-b08f-3bca4715236d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oss.adm.ntu.edu.sg/linc0013/2015/09/12/2d-lines-artist-research-andy-warhol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940373 | 1,246 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Late 17th century
Found during excavations by Winchester Museums Service Archaeology Section in a field just east of Wickham Square (opposite St Nicholas Church) in the mid- to late 1970s
This token was found on the site of Wickham Manor House and was issued by a local merchant Thomas Atkines in 1668. The obverse reads THOMAS ATKINES = HIS HALF PENY, and the reverse OF WICKHAM 1668 = T.E.A. History records that Thomas had three daughters by his wife, Helen, and a son G Atkin(e)s who died in 1690, leaving money to his three siblings in his will. The son did not follow in his father's footsteps as a merchant, but worked in Portsmouth dockyard. | <urn:uuid:66290467-0db3-4fa4-8cdb-73bec0f9d135> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collections.hampshireculture.org.uk/object/trade-token-issued-thomas-atkines-wickham | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.985741 | 165 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Kei Tua o te Pae
Kei Tua o te Pae/Assessment for Learning: Early Childhood Exemplars is a best-practice guide that will help teachers continue to improve the quality of their teaching.
The exemplars are a series of books that will help teachers to understand and strengthen children's learning. It also shows how children, parents and whānau can contribute to this assessment and ongoing learning.
We are making improvements to our Download-to-Print functionality, so if you want a printed copy there are PDF versions available at the bottom of the main cover page.
Endnotes – Kōrero tāpiri
1 Ann L. Brown, Doris Ash, Martha Rutherford, Kathryn Nakagawa, Ann Gordon, and Joseph C. Campione (1993). “Distributed Expertise in the Classroom”. In Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations, ed. Gavriel Salomon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, chapter 7, pp. 188–228 (quote from p. 217).
In this chapter, Ann Brown and colleagues write about classrooms as being communities of learners. This research is in a school context, but early childhood centres can be usefully viewed as communities of learners as well. The notion of learning being distributed across people and artefacts is assessed in the analysis of the exemplar “The three friends” and is very relevant to this strand of Te Whāriki.
2 Early Childhood Learning and Assessment Exemplar Project Advisory Committee and Co-ordinators, 2002.
3 See Norma González, Luis Moll, and Cathy Amanti (2005). Funds of Knowledge: Theorizing Practices in Households, Communities, and Classrooms. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. In this work, Luis Moll says that “we found that once the relationship level of the communication between parents and teachers becomes more reciprocal, where the teachers start forming part, even if peripherally, of the household’s social network, it creates new possibilities for teachers to engage households and for parents to engage the school in fundamentally new ways … [and it] can alter … the parents’ positioning with the school as a social system” (p. 280). See also endnote 1 above.
4 Ministry of Education (1996). Te Whāriki: He Whāriki Mātauranga mō ngā Mokopuna o Aotearoa/Early Childhood Curriculum. Wellington: Learning Media, p. 35.
5 ibid., p. 64
6 Alexandra C. Gunn (2003). “A Philosophical Anchor for Creating Inclusive Communities in Early Childhood Education: Anti-bias Philosophy and Te Whāriki: Early Childhood Curriculum”. Waikato Journal of Education, no. 9, p. 130. Writing about Te Whāriki, she also comments that “Turning equitable and inclusive aspirations of the curriculum into practice remains, in my experience, a challenge.”
7 Gaile S. Cannella (1997). Deconstructing Early Childhood Education: Social Justice and Revolution. New York: Peter Lang, p. 169. Cannella also writes: “As a final challenge, I would propose that professionalism in the field of early childhood education become the development of critical dispositions in the struggle for social justice and care” (p. 167).
8 Vivian Gussin Paley (1992). You Can’t Say You Can’t Play. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, p. 3. Many of Vivian Gussin Paley’s books are about teachers and children reflecting on the topics of relationships, fairness, and friendships. Here is an excerpt from the children’s discussions in You Can’t Say You Can’t Play:
Teacher: Should one child be allowed to keep another child from joining the group? A good rule might be: “You can’t say you can’t play.” …
Angelo: Let anyone play if someone asks.
Lisa: But then what’s the whole point of playing?
Nelson: You just want Cynthia.
Lisa: I could play alone. Why can’t Clara play alone?
Angelo: I think that’s pretty sad. People that is alone they has water in their eyes.
Lisa: I’m more sad if someone comes that I don’t want to play with.
Teacher: Who is sadder, the one who isn’t allowed to play or the one who has to play with someone he or she doesn’t want to play with?
Clara: It’s more sadder if you can’t play.
Lisa: The other one is the same sadder … | <urn:uuid:9f25170f-ef1a-47d1-a3fe-13cff0e881e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.education.govt.nz/early-childhood/teaching-and-learning/assessment-for-learning/kei-tua-o-te-pae-2/the-strands-of-te-whariki-contribution-nga-taumata-whakahirahira-ki-te-whariki-mana-tangata/endnotes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.895529 | 1,017 | 3.6875 | 4 |
This paper explores the impact on the macroeconomy for certain OECD economies exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic shock. The analysis employs a panel of OECD countries, spanning the period March 2020 to January 2021. It also uses two proxies for the COVID-19 shocks: i) total confirmed incidences/cases and ii) total deaths while using the Bayesian Panel Vector Autoregressive (BPVAR) method. The findings document that the COVID-19 shock exerts a strong negative effect on industrial production. Considering how such epidemic shocks affect the expectations of economic participants, the paper questions their absence in accounting for forthcoming growth related incidences. | <urn:uuid:9208c2a0-59f7-46de-8438-27a0e0d513e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-economic-growth-evidence-from-a-bayesia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.831629 | 134 | 1.648438 | 2 |
RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — Some of the world’s biggest mining companies have withdrawn requests to research and extract minerals on Indigenous land in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest, and have repudiated Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s efforts to legalize mining activity in the areas.
The Brazilian Mining Association (Ibram), which represents around 130 companies, conducted an internal survey of its members earlier this year, according to Raul Jungmann, its president. For the first time in decades, none of the companies have current research or mining applications for gold, tin, nickel, iron and other ores in Indigenous areas, he said. Neither the survey nor its results have been reported previously.
Members of the association, which accounts for 85% of Brazil’s legally produced ore, include mining giants Rio Tinto, Anglo American and Vale. The AP contacted all three companies. Rio Tinto confirmed it retracted its applications for research concessions in 2019. Anglo American did the same in March 2021. Vale withdrew its requests for research and mining concessions over the last year.
“Ibram’s position is that it is not possible to request mining and research authorizations on Indigenous lands unless you have constitutional regulation,” Jungmann said by phone.
Around two thirds of the applications were filed with the federal mining agency before the government officially demarcated them as Indigenous territory, according to a study conducted by geologist Tadeu Veiga, a consultant who also teaches at the National University of Brasilia.
The collective retreat comes as Bolsonaro insists Indigenous territories contain mineral resources vital to bringing prosperity to both the nation and native peoples. Brazil’s Constitution states that mining can only take place on Indigenous lands after getting informed consent and under laws that regulate the activity. More than three decades later, such legislation still hasn’t been approved.
Bolsonaro was pushing to change that even before he became president, as a fringe lawmaker. During his 2018 presidential campaign, he said deposits of the metallic element niobium, found under Indigenous lands, could transform Brazil into a mining powerhouse, but the proposal fell by the wayside after he took office.
Available resources of niobium, used as an alloy for steel, are more than sufficient to supply the world’s projected needs, according to the U.S. Geological Survey
On Friday, Bolsonaro met with SpaceX and Tesla chief executive Elon Musk in Brazil and suggested producing batteries with niobium, but said afterward Musk showed no interest. “At the moment, this is not on their radar. They think they have to wait a little longer to invest in this area,” he said.
Bolsonaro has repeatedly said the nearly 14% of Brazil that is within Indigenous territories is excessive, and that foreign governments are championing Indigenous rights and environmental preservation as a gambit to eventually tap the mineral wealth themselves.
“Interest in the Amazon isn’t about the Indian or the damn tree. It’s the ore,” he told a crowd of prospectors in capital Brasilia in 2019.
More recently, in March, he pressured Congress for an emergency vote on the bill drafted and presented in 2020 by his mining and justice ministries to finally regulate the mining of Indigenous lands. He said the emergency vote was necessary because of the war in Ukraine, which threatened crucial supplies of the fertilizer potash from Russia to Brazil’s vast farmlands.
With the law in place, “in two or three years, we will no longer be dependent on imports of potash for our agribusiness,“ Bolsonaro said. ”Agribusiness is the locomotive of our economy.“
Experts were quick to note, however, that most potash deposits in Brazil’s Amazon are not located in Indigenous territory, according to a study from Minas Gerais Federal University based on official data.
Critics have argued the bill’s primary purpose is providing legal cover for thousands of prospectors. The activity mushroomed in recent years amid repeated promises for regulation from Bolsonaro’s government, members of which held several meetings with representatives of prospectors.
The prospectors’ sites often grow over time, creating vast damage, destroying riverbanks, contaminating waterways with mercury and disrupting Indigenous peoples’ traditional ways of life. By contrast, industrial-scale mining in the Amazon produces deep scars in the forest, but mostly limited to the area of the deposit, as is the case with Carajas, the largest open-pit iron ore mine in the world, operated by Vale.
In March, while Bolsonaro’s parliamentary base tried to speed up the bill’s progress, thousands of Indigenous people and their allies protested in front of Congress, led by Brazilian singer Caetano Veloso. They soon found an unlikely ally: Ibram, the mining association, which in the past had kept a low profile.
Bolsonaro’s bill “is not appropriate for its intended purpose,” Ibram said in a statement issued days later, adding that regulation of mining in Indigenous territories “needs to be widely debated by the Brazilian society, especially by the Indigenous peoples, respecting their constitutional rights, and by the Brazilian Congress.”
Jungmann said his association issued the unusual statement, first, because it has decided to become more open and transparent following two mining accidents in Minas Gerais state in 2015 and 2019 that killed hundreds of people and contaminated waterways.
The appointment of Jungmann, a high-profile politician who has been a minister in two center-right governments, also reflects this shift.
Another reason, Jungmann said, is mounting pressure at home and abroad to adopt friendlier socio-environmental practices.
“We are not against mining on Indigenous lands,” he said. “However, we think the bill is inadequate, because it does not comply with the International Labor Organization’s Resolution 169, which demands free, prior and informed consent. Secondly, it doesn’t close the loopholes for illegal mining. Third, we want a project that preserves the environment, particularly the rainforest.”
“Prospecting, which kills and destroys communities, is a case for police, not an economic issue,” he added.
Bolsonaro’s proposal suffered another, international rejection Thursday when ecologist Philip Fearnside and five other scientists published a letter in the journal Science warning that the war in Ukraine was serving as “an excuse for the destruction of the Amazon.”
Indigenous lands are essential for maintaining the ecological benefits provided by the Brazilian Amazon Forest, they wrote. “These lands protect more of the forest than federal protected areas.” The letter calls on mineral importers to ”follow through with possible boycotts to make it clear that Brazil’s irresponsible actions have consequences,” if the law goes through.
To Bolsonaro’s chagrin, lawmakers have thus far declined to put the proposed mining law to a vote. Jungmann said he has met with the presidents of both houses of Congress to explain industry opposition, as well as with the president’s Chief of Staff Ciro Nogueira.
In a speech to farmers on April 25, Bolsonaro rejected criticism from the Ibram and the Indigenous movement, alleging that mineral exploration on Indigenous lands would only occur with the approval of the affected tribe.
In an email, the Ministry of Mining called the mining regulation for Indigenous areas long overdue. The lack of regulation brings disorder and environmental damage, it said.
Ibram-affiliated companies pulling out of Indigenous territories doesn’t mean they or others will cease to mine the Amazon, or that conflicts with Indigenous people are a thing of the past.
Canada-based Belo Sun Mining Corp is trying the develop what would be the largest open-pit gold mine in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest. Nearby Indigenous communities claim they haven’t been consulted. Another Canadian company, Brazil Potash Corp, is fighting in court to implement a $2.2 billion project close to the territory of the Mura people, who fear the operation will affect their lands.
Neither company is affiliated with Ibram, which declined to comment about the cases.
The database of the federal mining regulator, known as ANM, still reflects active applications by many large mining companies in Indigenous territories. Indigenous groups say this means the big mining companies are still interested in their land.
In an emailed response, the regulator said that a withdrawal request goes through a clearing process before an application is officially inactive. Sometimes that can take years. ANM declined to provide details on specific applications. Ibram’s Jungmann says the agency needs to overcome its technical problems.
“Mining companies have shown growing attention to social and environmental governance principles. Shareholders and society demand it,” said Veiga, who has extensive experience consulting for such companies in the Amazon, as well as for non-profits. “And they (mining companies) never felt they were taken into consideration with Bolsonaro’s bill, which was interpreted as an attempt to legalize illegal mining.”
Associated Press climate and environmental coverage receives support from several private foundations. See more about AP’s climate initiative here. The AP is solely responsible for all content. | <urn:uuid:9dd49194-6df4-4a53-94c2-58a50c46c1c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thestar.com/news/world/americas/2022/05/20/mining-companies-back-away-from-brazils-indigenous-areas.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963065 | 1,945 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring, BWV 147
Jesus bleibet meine Freude - Jésus, que ma joie demeureThis chorale Jesus bleibet meine Freude [Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring] is the tenth and last movement of Bach's Cantata BWV 147.
This cantata, entitled Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben [Heart and Mouth and Deed and Life] was composed in Leipzig in 1723.
This score is an arrangement of Johann Sebastian Bach's Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring for violin and piano.
The violin part is appropriate for Grade 5 violinists.
It is to be played in the first and third positions.
Please note that this score contains suggestions for performing the ornaments (here : trills) in accordance with the performance practice of the Baroque period.
Namely, trills are played ON the beat, starting on the upper auxiliary note.
The number of repercussions can be adjusted to the player's taste and ability.
Duration : 03:31
This sheet music appears in the following collections :
- Bach, Johann Sebastian
- Baroque Sheet Music
- Christmas Sheet Music
- Christmas sheet music for violin
- Intermediate sheet music for violin
- Sheet music about animals, nature and the great outdoors
- Sheet music for funerals
- Sheetmusic2print's favorites!
- Violin sheet music
- Violin sheet music - Grade 5
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High school was a long time ago, your studies have been over for a few years, and you’ve finally landed in your career. Your career is going great: you know all of your colleagues well, the salary is reasonable, and you have a good relationship with your superiors – but still, something is missing.
This happens often and many don’t know why. Sometimes, your daily routine comes to a standstill and while many find this okay, others can’t stand it and look for a change.
A solution for many is to seek further education. There, one can broaden their horizons and advance their careers. The best thing is that the tax office (Finanzamt) typically recognizes these costs without question. In this article, we’ve compiled all the relevant information on this topic.
Investing in the future
The tax office recognize all costs for further education as income-related expenses (Werbungskosten) without setting a limit. These costs often come from seminars, conferences, or conventions. Other typical further education costs can arise from:
- Further education for your current job
- Retraining or re-education
- Studies following an apprentinceship
- Second degree
- Postgraduate studies
- Further education following initial vocational training
Although the tax office typically recognizes these costs without any issues, there are still some things to keep in mind.
Further education costs are recognized as income-related expenses as long as they are job-related and can lead to a future promotion. If this is not the case, only a portion of the costs could be recognized and sometimes none at all.
There are occasionally problems when it isn’t immediately obvious that your further education has to do with your job. For example, courses focusing on rhetoric might not be immediately recognized – its important to prove how they are necessary for your training.
Further education courses that don’t have a direct connection to your job are only recognized if your employer makes a financial contribution towards the cost. If your employer required you to take these courses, they are recognized without question.
There is no guarantee that further education costs will be recognized by the tax office – often, situations must be individually reviewed. The person reviewing your case will be the one to decide if your further education is for professional purposes. You should always be ready to justify your expenses in case the need arises, some example questions from the tax office could include: why was a language course necessary? Did you attend this convention out of professional or personal interest?
Some courses must meet certain conditions in order to be tax-deductible:
- Language courses must be tailored to professional needs
- Basic foreign language courses are only recognized if basic knowledge is required at your job
- Conferences/conventions only count if they are attended out of professional (not personal) interest
Note: If your further education courses are recognized, all expenses that come with them will be observed. This can include:
- Tuition fees
- Seminar fees
- Work materials
- Commuting expenses | <urn:uuid:7e3ac7e5-b4c6-49d1-8018-675543486ecb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://expatica.germantaxes.de/tax-tips/deduct-further-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965106 | 645 | 1.640625 | 2 |
We aimed to assess the effect of Islamic intermittent fasting, during and outside of Ramadan, on plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin while controlling for several potential confounding variables. Eight healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 26.6±4.9 years reported to the sleep disorders center (SDC) at King Saud University on four occasions: 1) adaptation; 2) 4 weeks before Ramadan while performing Islamic fasting for 1 week (baseline fasting) (BLF); 3) 1 week before Ramadan (non-fasting baseline) (BL); and 4) during the second week of Ramadan while fasting. Plasma leptin and ghrelin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays at 22:00, 02:00, 04:00, 06:00, and 11:00. During BLF, there were significant reductions in plasma leptin concentrations at 22:00 and 02:00 compared with the baseline concentrations (at 22:00: 194.2±177.2 vs. 146.7±174.5; at 02:00: 203.8±189.5 vs. 168.1±178.1; p<0.05). During Ramadan, there was a significant reduction in plasma leptin levels at 22:00 (194.2±177.2 vs. 132.6±130.4, p<0.05). No significant difference in plasma ghrelin concentrations was detected during the BL, BLF, or Ramadan periods. Cosinor analyses of leptin and ghrelin plasma levels revealed no significant changes in the acrophases of the hormones during the three periods. The nocturnal reduction in plasma leptin levels during fasting may be the result of the changes in meal times during fasting.
Citation: Alzoghaibi MA, Pandi-Perumal SR, Sharif MM, BaHammam AS (2014) Diurnal Intermittent Fasting during Ramadan: The Effects on Leptin and Ghrelin Levels. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92214. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092214
Editor: Zane Andrews, Monash University, Australia
Received: December 15, 2013; Accepted: February 19, 2014; Published: March 17, 2014
Copyright: © 2014 Alzoghaibi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This study was supported by a grant from the National Plan for Science and Technology, King Saud University, and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia (http://npst.ksu.edu.sa/index.php?page_id=101). However, the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following potential conflicts: S.R. Pandi-Perumal is a stockholder and the President and Chief Executive Officer of Somnogen Canada Inc., a Canadian Corporation. He declares that he has no competing interests that might be perceived to influence the content of this article. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All remaining authors declare that they have no proprietary, financial, professional, nor any other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product or services and/or company that could be construed or considered to be a potential conflict of interest that might have influenced the views expressed in this manuscript.
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, is a unique model of long-term intermittent fasting. In some Islamic countries, Ramadan is associated with lifestyle changes that include changes in meal frequency and composition, sleep/wake patterns, and sleep duration , . During Ramadan, Muslims must refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to sunset. Ramadan follows the Islamic (Hijri) year that follows the lunar system, which is shorter than the Gregorian year by 11 days. Thus, Ramadan occurs during a different season every nine years, which significantly influences the durations of day and night. Furthermore, changes occur in the day/night activity patterns during Ramadan, such as late night prayer and the early awakening for the pre-dawn meal (Suhur). Moreover, in some Islamic countries, stores and shopping malls open late and remain open far into the night. Additionally, eating habits may change in some cultures during Ramadan; specifically, people prefer fried foods and consume an excessive amount of sweets . The above patterns indicate that the physiological changes that occur during Ramadan fasting may be different from those that occur during experimental fasting .
Leptin, the protein product of the obese gene, is thought to play a role in long-term regulation of caloric intake, fat deposition, and energy balance , . It acts as a signal to the brain, reflecting energy stores in the body . The circadian rhythm of serum leptin has previously been demonstrated in normal subjects, with peak averages between 22:00 and 03:00 , . Morning leptin levels were relatively high; however, a dramatic reduction in plasma leptin was noted after breakfast, and the lowest level was between 08:00 and 17:00 . Furthermore, it has been shown that plasma leptin profiles were higher in obese than in lean subjects and higher in women than in men . Moreover, meal time shifting has been shown to entrain the diurnal rhythm of leptin, which indicates that eating may be associated with the nocturnal increase in leptin . Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating peptide that appears to act as a peripheral orexigen that counteracts the action of leptin . Several studies have shown a competitive interaction between ghrelin and leptin in the regulation of food intake , . Animal studies have shown that fasting and food intake affect both hormones . In humans, plasma ghrelin levels increase preprandially and decrease after meals . Previous studies have shown that Ramadan fasting may influence the circadian rhythms of several biological variables, including hormones . The long-term changes in plasma leptin levels during intermittent Ramadan fasting have not been extensively studied. Bogdan et al showed a shift in the circadian rhythm of leptin but no significant changes in the mean concentration of plasma leptin levels on the 23rd day of Ramadan daytime fasting in 10 male subjects . By contrast, other studies showed that short-term fasting results in a 30–66% reduction in leptin levels . Prolonged fasting has been shown to increase plasma ghrelin levels in mice and rats , . However, the changes in ghrelin plasma levels have not been assessed during Ramadan fasting.
Several lifestyle changes that occur during Ramadan may influence plasma leptin and ghrelin levels, such as meal time, sleep/wake schedule and sleep duration , light exposure , and exercise . Previous studies that assessed the levels of leptin during Ramadan fasting did not monitor sleep objectively to document sleep duration and sleep quality, did not account for the possibility that attendant cultural and lifestyle changes that occur during Ramadan, such as delays in starting school and work, increased activity in malls until late at night, and other changes in the day-night activity patterns that may affect the sleep patterns of individuals regardless of fasting.
Therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of intermittent Islamic fasting during and outside of Ramadan on plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin while controlling for the sleep/wake schedule, sleep duration and quality, meal composition, energy expenditure, and light exposure. Fasting outside of Ramadan season aimed to simulate Ramadan Islamic intermittent fasting in the absence of the -above mentioned- lifestyle changes that occur during Ramadan, which may affect the measured hormones.
Subjects and Methods
The study protocol was approved by the College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (IRB) at King Saud University. Eight non-smoking, healthy Muslim volunteer males between the ages of 20 and 35 years gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. Volunteers were recruited through advertising in Bulletin Boards in the University. The advertisement clearly stated that volunteers are being recruited for research purposes. The IRB in our institute approved the proposed advertisement. The selected participants were not taking any medications (prescription or over-the-counter), did not drink alcohol, did not perform shift work, and were not on vacation during the study period. None of the participants had sleep complaints, had undergone gastrointestinal surgery, or was on a special diet for medical reasons or to lose weight. To assure a regular sleep/wake schedule before starting the study, all participants were given a wrist actigraphy (Philips/Respironics, Inc., Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) for 1 week. None of the participants had travelled during the 2 weeks prior to their enrollment or during the study. Their working hours were from 07:30 to 16:30 before Ramadan and from 10:00 to 15:00 during Ramadan.
This study was performed during the last week of Rajab (month 7, Hijri), the first and last weeks of Shaban (month 8, Hijri), and the second week of Ramadan (month 9, Hijri) during the Hijri year 1432. The study period corresponded to the dates between June 25 and August 15, 2011, on the Gregorian calendar.
Participants reported to the SDC on four occasions, listed below. During each visit, the subjects spent around 24 hours at the SDC:
- Adaptation: During the last week of Rajab, to undergo a medical checkup and to adapt to the environment before the start of the study. Adaptation to the equipment and sleeping environment will serve to avoid the “first night effect”, which may result in alteration of sleep architecture observed on the first night of polysomnographic (PSG) studies . During the adaptation visit, the participants completed the demographic data form and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The ESS is an eight-item questionnaire designed to explore a person's likelihood of falling asleep in common settings . The questionnaire asks the subject to rate his or her probability of falling asleep on a scale of increasing probability from 0 to 3 for eight different situations that most people engage in during their daily life. The ESS is a validated questionnaire used to assess daytime sleepiness , . An ESS score of ≥10 was used as an exclusion criterion. All the participants were given an actigraphy monitor to wear on their non-dominant wrist to ensure a regular sleep/wake schedule . A regular sleep/wake schedule was defined as a less than 1 hour daily variability in bedtime and rise time. Body mass index (BMI) was measured during all visits to the SDC.
- Baseline fasting (BLF): During the first week of the month of Shaban (while fasting, baseline fasting) for polysomnography (PSG). This fasting period is not part of the normal routine religious Ramadan fasting. This is a protocol we used to simulate Ramadan Islamic intermittent fasting outside of Ramadan season to control for the lifestyle changes that occur during Ramadan and may affect the measured variables. This fasting was performed 3 weeks before Ramadan to avoid any overlap with BL or Ramadan fasting and any carryover effects.
- Baseline (non-fasting) (BL): During the last week of the month of Shaban (baseline without fasting) for PSG.
- Ramadan: During the second week of Ramadan for PSG.
Participants reported to the SDC at approximately 18:00. The details of the protocol are described in a previous publication . At the SDC, for sleep studies, each participant was given meals with a fixed caloric intake and fixed proportions of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins based on their ideal body weight. During BL, 3 meals were served, namely, dinner at 20:00, breakfast at 07:15, and lunch at 12:00 (mid-day). During BLF and Ramadan, three meals were served: breakfast (at sunset, between 18:30 and 18:55), dinner at 21:00, and Suhur before dawn (between 03:00 and 03:15).
At 18:00, an intravenous cannula was placed in the antecubital vein for blood withdrawal. Blood samples were collected at 22:00, 02:00, 04:00, 06:00, and 11:00. Samples were immediately placed on ice, centrifuged at 4 °C, and stored at −70°C until the time of assay.
During baseline fasting, the participants were asked to fast for the first week of Shaban (7 days) from dawn to sunset to assess the effects of Islamic intermittent fasting in the absence of the lifestyle changes and eating habits that occur during Ramadan. During the subsequent 3 weeks of Shaban, the participants practiced their routine activities and eating habits. The participants fasted during the entire month of Ramadan. During the baseline fasting (BLF) period, dawn (the beginning of fasting) occurred at approximately 03:37 and sunset (the end of fasting) occurred at approximately 18:47. During Ramadan, dawn and sunset occurred at approximately 04:00 and 18:34, respectively.
The PSG recordings are detailed in a previous publication . The sleep studies were performed at the SDC. Alice 5 diagnostic equipment (Philips/Respironics, Inc., Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) was used for data acquisition. The subjects were asked to avoid napping during the sleep study day. During BL, the study began at 23:00 and was completed at 07:00. During BLF and Ramadan, the study began at 2300. During Ramadan, the participants were awakened at 03:00 for Suhur, and the study was resumed from 03:45 until 07:45. During BLF, the participants were awakened at 03:15 for Suhur (to account for the shift in dawn prayer time), and the study was resumed from 04:00 until 07:45.
During the study, the following parameters were monitored: four electroencephalography (EEG) channels (C1-A4, C2-A3, O1-A4, and O2-A3), chin electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG) (eye movement), EKG, oxygen saturation, chest and abdominal wall movements, air flow (thermistor), body position, and a microphone for the recording of snoring. “Stage shifts” was defined as total number of changes in sleep state from lights out to lights on. Arousal index, which is a measure of sleep fragmentation, was defined as the number of arousals per 1 hour of sleep.
The light intensity was measured using a Spectral Star Light Meter LX-1 (Japan). From 18:00 until bedtime and during Suhur, the light level was maintained at 50 lux. During the PSG recordings, all lights were turned off and the light level was maintained at <1 lux.
Energy expenditure measurement
Energy expenditure while in the SDC was measured using the SenseWear Pro Armband™ (Body Media, Pittsburgh, PA). Technical characteristics of the Armband have been described previously , . Briefly, it is a portable sensing device that is 8.8×5.6×2.1 cm in size and 82 g in weight and is worn on the triceps of the right arm. The device provides information regarding the total energy expenditure, total sleep time, and circadian rhythm. The sensors in the Armband measure skin temperature, galvanic skin response, heat flux from the body, and movement. These physiological data are processed by advanced algorithms to calculate and report the total energy expenditure . The algorithm has been validated in many studies and compared with findings obtained using double-labeled water and metabolic carts , .
Ghrelin and leptin assays
Collected blood samples were centrifuged at 4°C. The plasma samples were stored at −70°C for subsequent measurement of leptin and ghrelin concentrations. The total blood volume per sample was 5 mL to avoid affecting the ghrelin assay, which requires the highest volume. Plasma leptin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELIZA; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Total ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELIZA; BioVendor–Laboratorní medicína a.s., Heidelberg, Germany). The ghrelin standard curve was between 1.95 and 250 p/mL. All leptin and ghrelin samples were run in duplicate.
Data are expressed in the text and figures as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). To assess energy expenditure, namely the METs (metabolic equivalents), data were analyzed and averages were calculated to obtain an overall hourly average for each day. We developed a 24-hour cosinor rhythmometry model , where M = mesor; A = amplitude; Ø = acrophase, and T = 24 hours) to obtain the best estimates of the overall acrophase for leptin and ghrelin . The model was executed for each subject's data during the three periods. Comparisons of the BL, BLF, and Ramadan fasting groups were performed using a one-way ANOVA. If the normality test failed, Friedman's ANOVA by rank test was used. Post hoc analyses were performed to determine the significant differences between individual groups. Results were considered statistically significant at the value of p<0.05. Standard statistical software (Sigma Stat, version 3; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the analyses.
The participants had a mean age of 26.6±4.9 years, a mean BMI of 23.7±3.5 kg/m2, and a mean ESS score of 7.3±2.7. There were no changes between periods in BMI. Table 1 shows the sleep pattern at home and sleep parameters in the SDC, as well as energy expenditure during monitoring in the SDC (day and night), during the daytime (from dawn to sunset), and at night (sunset to dawn). There was no difference in energy expenditure during the three monitoring periods (BL, BLF, and Ramadan). During the three monitoring periods in the SDC, there was no significant difference in the energy expenditure, TST, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, and REM onset latency between the BL, BLF, and Ramadan periods. Sleep efficiency was relatively lower than normal (BL = 79.3±9.6, BLF = 70.7±11.1 and Ramadan = 74.2±7.3), which could be related to the fact that blood has to be drawn a few times during sleep. Serum glucose measurements at 15:30 revealed no differences between BL, BLF, and Ramadan (6.1±0.5, 5.7±0.4, and 5.8±0.5 mmol/L, respectively).
Figure 1 shows the pattern of leptin and ghrelin concentrations during BL, BLF, and Ramadan fasting. Clearly, the restriction of food and beverage intake to the night hours in BLF resulted in a significant time shift of leptin plasma concentration at 22:00 and 02:00 compared with the baseline (at 22:00: 194.2±177.2 vs. 146.7±174.5; at 02:00: 203.8±189.5 vs. 168.1±178.1; p<0.05). During Ramadan, an obvious trend toward a reduction in leptin concentrations at night was clear; however, it was not found to be statistically significant except at 22:00 (194.2±177.2 vs. 132.6±130.4, p<0.05). Similarly, no significant difference in the mean concentration of leptin was found when comparing BL with Ramadan fasting and BLF (p>0.05). The data do not show any significant difference in plasma ghrelin concentrations between the three periods. Although the plasma ghrelin concentrations demonstrated a reduction at 04:00 and 06:00 during Ramadan fasting compared with BL, the difference was not statistically significant. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were higher at 11:00 during BLF and Ramadan compared with BL, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Each point represents the mean and SEM of eight subjects. Values of BL (…♦…), BL fasting before Ramadan (---▪---), and Ramadan (-▴-) are presented. Dark head arrows indicate meal time during fasting (Ramadan and BLF) and white head arrows indicate meal time during BL. White bars indicate awake and black indicates sleep.
Cosinor analysis of leptin and ghrelin plasma levels (Table 2) revealed no significant changes in the circadian rhythm in the acrophase of the hormones during the three periods.
Several lifestyle changes that occur during Ramadan influence the sleep/wake pattern, sleep duration, physical activity, and meal composition , . These changes may influence plasma leptin and ghrelin levels, such as meal time , sleep/wake schedule and sleep duration , light exposure , and exercise .To control for potential confounders that accompany the lifestyle changes during Ramadan, we assessed the effects of intermittent Islamic fasting outside of Ramadan. To our knowledge, no study has assessed the effects of intermittent Islamic fasting on leptin and ghrelin plasma concentrations outside of the Ramadan season. This study aimed to assess the changes in the plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin during intermittent fasting while controlling for potential confounders that might affect the levels of both hormones, such as the sleep/wake schedule, sleep duration and quality, physical activity, light exposure, and meal composition. Previous studies have demonstrated an important relationship between sleep and metabolic hormones including leptin and ghrelin. Taheri et al analyzed that data of 1,024 volunteers from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study . The investigators reported that short sleep duration was associated with low leptin with a predicted 15.5% lower leptin for habitual sleep of 5 hours versus 8 hours, and high ghrelin with a predicted 14.9% higher ghrelin for nocturnal sleep of 5 hours versus 8 hours, independent of BMI . Therefore, in the current study, we controlled for sleep duration and sleep/wake schedule to assess the effect of Islamic intermittent fasting on leptin and ghrelin independent of sleep duration. Meal time during fasting periods could not be matched to the baseline because the change in meal time is an essential part of the religious practice during fasting. We intended to assess the effect of intermittent Islamic fasting and the changes in meal time on plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin. The main finding of this study is that the pattern of plasma leptin concentration (Figure 1) demonstrated a significant reduction at 22:00 and 02:00 during BLF and at 22:00 during the second week of Ramadan compared with BL. Furthermore, the changes in plasma leptin concentration in this study were not associated with any significant changes in ghrelin plasma concentration. However, when a cosinor model was used, no shift delay was detected in the circadian rhythm of leptin, and ghrelin plasma levels showed no changes during fasting.
The pattern of plasma leptin concentration during BL is in agreement with previously reported data , . Limited data are available regarding the effect of prolonged intermittent fasting on plasma leptin levels. The measurements during BLF were performed after one week of fasting, while the measurements during Ramadan were performed after 2 weeks of fasting. Bogdan et al, using cosinor analysis, demonstrated a significant shift of approximately 5 hours in the peak and nadir of serum leptin levels on the 23rd day of Ramadan fasting . However, they did not find significant changes in the amplitude or 24-hour mean concentration of leptin compared with readings before Ramadan . In the present study, cosinor analysis did not reveal changes in the circadian rhythm of leptin. A possible explanation for the difference between our results and those of Bogdan et al is the fact that those authors did not control for behavioral customs such as eating habits and environmental conditions, including light exposure, which might have resulted in a shift delay in the circadian rhythm of the participants . Eliman and Marcus, in an experimental fasting study (fasting for 48 hours), reported a rise in leptin levels after the evening fast-breaking meal . This result is in contrast to that of the present study, which showed a significant reduction in leptin at 22:00. Our findings concur with those of Bogdan et al, who reported no significant increase in the evening levels of leptin . The discrepancy between the Eliman and Marcus study and our study and the Bogdan study could be due to the regional variations in the culture and/or dietary habits, as previously suggested , or the longer duration of daytime fasting and the long duration of the practice of fasting, which may modify the body's response .
Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone receptor that was isolated from human and rat stomachs . A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels has been documented, which indicates a role for meal initiation . In this study, we found no significant changes in the ghrelin plasma levels during fasting. To our knowledge, no study has assessed the circadian rhythm changes in plasma ghrelin levels during intermittent Islamic fasting. However, in an experimental fasting study by Natalucci et al, 6 volunteers performed fasting for 33 hours (from 00:00 on day 1 until 00:90 on day 2), and plasma ghrelin levels were measured every 20 minutes for 24 hours (from 08:00 on day 1 until 09:00 on day 2) . They reported a significant decrease in ghrelin levels over a 24-hour period . In another experimental fasting study, Chan et al asked six volunteers to fast for three days, and blood samples were collected every 15 minutes for 24 hours on day 3 . Fasting for three days abolished the meal-related pattern of ghrelin secretion. In addition, they demonstrated that neither the low leptin level during the 72-hour fasting period nor r-metHuLeptin administration in physiological doses increases ghrelin levels compared with those in the baseline state in the same subjects . These findings concur with our findings that ghrelin levels did not increase during fasting and that the reduction in plasma leptin levels was not associated with an increase in ghrelin levels. It has been suggested that the observed meal-related changes in ghrelin levels may be due mainly to post-prandial decreases, rather than preprandial increases, in ghrelin secretion . Several studies have reported a lack of effect of a combination of intravenous glucose and insulin , hypoglycemia , or hyperglycemia on ghrelin secretion , . In addition, distending the stomach with water alone had no effect on ghrelin secretion . However, the consumption of non-caloric fiber resulted in a reduction in ghrelin levels . Mechanisms other than meals may be associated with the control of ghrelin secretion. Natalucci et al demonstrated a characteristic pulsatility of ghrelin secretion and suggested that neuronal rather than gastrointestinal signals may modulate the secretion of ghrelin . Another possible explanation for the unchanged ghrelin level is the fact that sleep duration and pattern did not change in the current study in the three study periods (BL, BLF and Ramadan). Because we measured ghrelin and leptin after 1 week of fasting during BLF and after 2 weeks of fasting during Ramadan, it is possible that the responses after prolonged fasting are different from those after short-term fasting. Chan et al suggested that tachyphylaxis may occur after prolonged fasting ; however, this topic requires further investigation. Future studies should assess the effect of Islamic fasting after a shorter period of fasting like 1 or 2 days on ghrelin and leptin levels.
The fact that the participants were recruited from within a university setting may limit the representativeness of the sample. As this group are more likely to be more educated than the general public.
In conclusion, our investigation on leptin plasma concentration in eight fasting subjects during and before Ramadan revealed a nocturnal reduction of leptin that may be a result of the changes in the meal times during fasting. However, cosinor analysis revealed no changes in the circadian rhythm of leptin. Our data showed no change in ghrelin concentration either during or before Ramadan.
We are extremely grateful to the study participants who took the time from their busy schedules to participate in the study. Without their participation and feedback, this study would not have been possible.
Conceived and designed the experiments: MAA SRP ASB. Performed the experiments: MAA MMS ASB. Analyzed the data: MAA MMS ASB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MAA ASB. Wrote the paper: MAA SRP MMS ASB.
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Archive for the ‘March’ Category
1938 German troops enter Austria without firing a shot, forming the anschluss (union) of Austria and Germany.
1940 A peace treaty is concluded between Finland and Russia, which formally ends the “Winter War”. The terms of this treaty are harsh for Finland, who is forced to cede the entire Karelia Isthmus, and the city of Viipuri, which is renamed Vyborg. They also lose parts of eastern Karelia, Lake Ladoga, the Rybachiy Peninsula and the Petsamo area. They also have to grant the Russian a 30 year lease of the Hang Peninsula. However, the ever ‘generous’ Russians drop their recognition of the Kuusinen puppet government in Moscow.
The British finalize their plans for the invasion of Norway. Landings are to be made at Narvik and Trondheim in order to secure the rail line to Sweden and the large iron-ore fields.
1941 Churchill thanks America for ‘a new Magna Carta’.
Luftwaffe bombs Clydebank, Scotland, leaving 75% of the population homeless.
1942 Convoy PQ-12 arrives unscathed at Murmansk, earning the distinction of being the last PQ convoy to sail without losses.
The British evacuate their garrison from the Andaman Islands, just off the Burmese coast south of Rangoon.
US troops occupy New Caledonia.
1943 German troops evacuate Vyazma.
In North Africa, the US 802ndMedical Air Evacuation Transport Squadron flies first medical air evacuation flight with flight nurses.
George Patton promoted to Lieutenant general.
The first labor strike in a totalitarian regime: 50,000 Italian workers strike against Mussolini and delay war production.
1944 The Swedes announce an investigation of the ‘mysterious object which crashed out of the sky’ (a ‘flying torpedo’ V1) from a German research station, 40 miles away.
1945 RAF Bomber Command sets another new record for single target, when 4,851 tons are dropped on Dortmund.
Anne Frank dies in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp of typhus, age 15.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: WWII Today: October 11 WWII Today: September 26 WWII Today: June 9
1940 A coal strike in New South Wales begins.
1941 Japanese Foreign Minister to visit Rome and Berlin. The US House of Representatives passes the ‘Lend Lease’ Bill by 317 votes to 71, where upon it is immediately signed by President Roosevelt. Initial priority for war supplies was to be given to Britain and Greece.
British diplomats from Bulgaria reach Istanbul, although 2 people are killed when a bomb in their luggage explodes.
The German 5th Light Division has now completely arrived in Libya and is ordered to prepare for an attack on El Agheila. Meanwhile, Rommel has flown back to Germany for further orders and has been told that when the 15th Panzer Division has arrived in Libya at the end of May he is to recapture Benghazi.
1942 General MacArthur leaves Corregidor and the Philippines for Australia, after being ordered to assume command of the new South-West Pacific area, which in effect meant all Allied forces in the Pacific. MacArthur’s last words before leaving were “I shall return!” General M. Wainwright takes over command in the Philippines.
1943 The north Atlantic convoy ONS-169 is attacked by wolfpack ‘Raubgraf’ between the 11th and 12th March losing 2 ships for 10,531 gross tons. Atlantic convoys SC121 and HX228 are also attacked by other wolfpacks and lose 17 ships for the loss of just U-444 and U-432.
1944 Zhukov is stopped on River Bug after a 60-mile advance.
Some 12,000 Chindits are now behind Japanese lines in Burma. British forces capture Buthiduang on the Arakan front.
1945 The US third Army captures Kochem on the lower Moselle river.
The Red Army advances towards Gotenhafen, a vital port of embarkation for tens of thousands of refugees from East Prussia.
An RAF Bomber Command record for the largest tonnage dropped on a single target in single day is achieved at Essen when 4,661 tons are dropped.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: Words at War: The Nazi’s Go Underground WWII Today: January 24 WWII Today: January 3
1941 Vice Admiral Adolphus Andrews assumes command of US Navy’s new North Atlantic Naval Coast Frontier (Eastern Sea Frontier)
The RAF attacks Le Havre and at the same time gives the new 4-engine Halifax bomber it debut, although one of the six Halifax’s involved is shot down on its return flight by an RAF night fighter.
Vichy France threatens to use its navy unless Britain allows food to reach France.
1942 Japanese troops make landings at Finschhafen in New Guinea. They also occupy Buka in the Solomon Islands. Japanese aircraft attack Port Moresby in Papua.
Aircraft from the American Aircraft Carriers Lexington and Yorktown make attacks against the Japanese at Lae and Salamaua.
Britain reports that spending for WWII has surpassed spending for WWI.
Based on FBI intercepts the Brazilian police arrest a German spy whose message to Hamburg contained sailing information for the Queen Mary, carrying 10,000 US troops.
1943 P-47 Thunderbolts fly first mission with US Eighth Air Force.
The United States retakes Sbeïtla, Tunisia.
The United States Fourteenth Air Force activated under Maj. Gen. Claire Chennault, based in Kunming, China
1944 Uman is taken as the Russians drive towards the Bug and Dnieper rivers.
The Irish refuse to oust all Axis envoys and deny the accusation of spying on Allied troops.
1945 The 2nd Belorussian Front captures Zoppot, during its attack towards Danzig. The Kriegsmarine evacuates 25,000 civilian refugees from the besieged Baltic fortress of Kolberg in Pomerania.
Field Marshal Kesselring replaces Field Marshal von Rundstedt as C-in-C of German forces in the West. German troops evacuate Wesel on the lower Rhine. The US Third Army captures Bonn.
U.S. Eighth Army invades Zamboanga Peninsula on Mindanao in the Philippines.
1949 Nazi wartime broadcaster Mildred E. Gillars, also known as “Axis Sally,” was convicted in Washington D.C. of treason. She served 12 years in prison.
Take a look at these other WWII Posts:WWII Today: February 8 WWII Today: October 24 WWII Today: October 29
1936 The German press warns that all Jews who vote in the upcoming elections will be arrested.
1939 Czech President Emil Hacha ousts pro-German Joseph Tiso as the Premier of Slovakia in order to preserve Czech unity.
1940 Italian-Anglo agreement on coal, Britain to release Italian collier ships, Italy to import no more German coal.
1941 The Italians launch another offensive against the Greek 1st Army in Albania, but it makes very little progress.
1942 The RAF returns to bomb Essen once more, but again are unable to inflict much damage due to the constant industrial haze over the city and the lack of landmarks, which made the city notoriously difficult to find.
US General Stilwell becomes Chiang Kai-shek’s Chief of Staff.
The Government of the Dutch East Indies reaches Adelaide in Australia as all resistance on Java ceases and the island surrenders to the Japanese.
U-510 torpedoes eight ships in three hours off the coast of Brazil, in what is the most successful single U-boat action of the war.
Von Arnim replaces Field Marshal Rommel as C-in-C of the Axis forces in Tunisia and Rommel is ordered by Hitler to leave Africa, never to return.
1945 The U.S. First Army widens the Remagen bridgehead. The US Third Army captures Andernach on the Rhine.
German light naval vessels from the still German-occupied British Channel Islands enter the allied supply port of Granville in Bretagne, sinking five ships.
USAAF B29’s begin the firebombing of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Kobe. 16 and a half acres of Tokyo is burnt out in attacks which continue for 10 days.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: Words at War: The Curtain Rises D-Day: The 6th of June WWII Today: March 16
1940 Heavy fighting is reported at the outskirts to Viipuri, as the Red Army continues its attempt to capture the city. This prompts the Finns to seek an immediate armistice, which the Russians refuse. Therefore the Finnish delegation in Moscow is instructed to sue for peace.
1941 The US Senate passes the ‘Lend Lease’ bill by 60 votes to 31.
Martial law is proclaimed in Holland in order to extinguish any anti-Nazi protests.
1942 The RAF use GEE for the first time for target marking during a raid on Essen. The technique was known as ‘Shaker’ and consisted of aircraft marking the target with flares, allowing aircraft further behind to see the target more clearly. However the results of the raid were disappointing.
Rangoon falls to the Japanese as the British forces escape to the north. The 17th Indian Division was now holding the Irrawaddy area and the 1st Burma Division the upper Sittang valley. The Chinese Expeditionary Force were farther north, with the Fifth Chinese Army defending Mandalay and the 6th Chinese Army was at Toungoo and defending the Burmese province of Shan.
Japanese make unopposed landings at Lae and Salamaua on New Guinea.
The Dutch on Java surrender to Japanese.
1943 Over 1,000 Germans wives of Jewish men deported to concentrations camps are now protesting in Berlin. To prevent this kind of protest from spreading, Joseph Goebbels orders the release of the 1,500 Jewish men.
Japanese forces attack American troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville. The battle will last five days.
1944 The US 8th Air Force carries out a heavy attack against Berlin. The primary target is the ball bearing plant at Erkner, a suburb of Berlin; enemy opposition is fierce and 37 bombers and 16 fighters are lost.
1945 British and Canadian troops involved in Operation ‘Blockbuster’ enter Xanten on the Rhine after several days of heavy fighting further to the South U.S. troops enter Bonn.
Beginning of secret negotiations at Bern, Switzerland, between representatives of the American OSS (Allan Dulles) and the German High Command in Italy (General von Vietinghoff and SS General Wolff) for an early surrender of German forces in Italy.
The Red Army penetrates into the ssouthern suburbs of Breslau.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: WWII Today: September 20 WWII Today: December 23 WWII Today: May 31
1936 Hitler sends German troops into the Rhineland, breaking the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact.
1941 British and Commonwealth troops begin to arrive in Greece.
German Jews ordered into forced labour.
U-47, commanded by top ace Gunther Prien, hero of Scapa Flow, is sunk by the British Destroyer HMS Wolverine.
In convoy OB-293 off Iceland, U-99 and U-47 sink British whaling factory ship Terje Viken, one of the largest ships sunk in war at 20,000 tons.
Actor James Stewart is inducted into US Army.
1942 Force H, consisting of HMS Argus and HMS Eagle and supported by a number of destroyers, sets sail for Malta with a number of Spitfires on board. Fifteen Spitfires were flown off when Force H came within range of the Island.
The Government of the Dutch East Indies flees Java for Australia.
The Japanese occupy Rangoon, Burma.
1943 A new wolfpack, codenamed ‘Raubgraf’ (Robber Baron), is created in the central North Atlantic. It will operate between the 7th and 20th March 1943 and includes U-84, U-89, U-91, U-435, U-468, U-600, U-603, U-615, U-621, U-638, U-653, U-664, U-758. Immediately the wolfpack attacks convoy ON-168 which is traveling between North America and the UK. One ship is damaged and abandoned on the 7th March, to be finally sunk on the 12th March for 6,537 gross tons.
1944 The Japanese begin the Imphal-Kohima offensive from northern Burma into Assam, India.
U.S. Marines secure Los Negros.
In reply to Arab protests, the U.S. says that the idea of a Jewish state has no official sanction.
1945 The U.S. 9th Armored Division makes a surprise dash across the undestroyed Rhine bridge at Remagen, establishing a crucial bridgehead on the East bank.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: WWII Dog Tag Number Maker WWII Today: March 16 WWII Today: April 29
1940 Hitler changes his plans for the invasion of the west. At a military conference in Berlin, he decides to adopt the plan put forward by Gerd von Rundstedt and his former chief of staff, Erich von Manstein, for the Ardennes option. Code-named ‘Fall Sichelschnitt’, it called for the attack against the Low Countries to go ahead, but with slightly fewer forces, in order to draw the allies forward, while the decisive thrust would be mounted through the Ardennes. Holding attacks would be made against the Maginot line.
1941 German aircraft mine the Suez canal, blocking it for 3 weeks.
1942 Having received permission from Hitler, the Battleship Tirpitz and 3 destroyers set sail from Trondheim to intercept convoy PQ-12, but is spotted by a British submarine which relays the information onto the British Admiralty. However, bad weather means that the Tirpitz is unable to locate PQ-12 and so heads back to base. Enroute to Trondheim the Tirpitz is spotted and attacked by aircraft from HMS Victorious, but is not damaged.
Japanese cut all roads north of Rangoon, trapping the British at Pegu.
Japanese occupy Batavia in Java.
1944 Bomber Command begins a large-scale offensive over northern France in preparation for D-Day.
The USAAF send 730 bombers and 796 fighters to Berlin, during which 69 bombers and 11 escorts are shot down.
Another ‘Chindit’ stronghold is established South of the Irrawaddy
U.S. Marines land at Talasea in New Britain.
1945 The U.S. Third Army reaches the Rhine Northwest of Koblenz, as Cologne falls to U.S. First Army.
The 2nd Panzer and 6th SS Panzer Armies launch a major counter-attack from Lake Balaton towards Budapest.
The US 8th Air Force launches a heavy attack against Chemnitz in Saxony.
The new Chinese First Army takes Lashio in north-eastern Burma.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: WWII Today: January 31 WWII Today: March 3 WWII Today: February 5
1940 Italian collier ship seized by Allies.
1941 The Royal Navy begins escorting British and Commonwealth troop convoys from Egypt to Greece.
1942 German reconnaissance planes locate the British convoy PQ-12 bound for Murmansk.
General Sir Harold Alexander arrives at Rangoon to take over command of Burma Army from Lieutenant General Hutton. Wavell had given Alexander orders to hold Rangoon at all costs. Immediately, orders were issue for the 1st Burma Division to counter-attack the Japanese from the north and 17th Indian Division which had be reinforced was to attack east of Pegu. Both attacks failed and Alexander realized that Rangoon could not be held. He ordered that Rangoon be evacuated and his troops withdraw north to the Irrawaddy Valley to regroup.
1943 Bomber Command reports the ‘first effective attack on Essen’ due primarily to the use of a new navigational aid ‘Oboe’. The ‘Battle of the Ruhr’ begins
1944 Koniev’s 2nd Ukrainian Front launches an attack towards Uman.
Gliders and air-transport-borne ‘Chindits’ set up ‘Broadway’ a stronghold behind Japanese lines, North East of Indaw.
1945 Advance patrols of the U.S. First Army reaches Cologne. Germany is now conscripting 15 and 16-year-olds into the regular army.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: WWII Today: June 6 Words at War: The Veteran Comes Back WWII Ad: Cadillac 1940 Italian collier ship seized by Allies.1941 The Royal Navy begins escorting British and Commonwealth troop convoys from Egypt to Greece.1942 German reconnaissance planes locate the British convoy PQ-12 bound for Murmansk.General Sir Harold Alexander arrives at Rangoon to take over command of Burma Army from Lieutenant General Hutton. Wavell had given Alexander orders to hold Rangoon at all costs. Immediately, orders were issue for the 1st Burma Division to counter-attack the Japanese from the north and 17th Indian Division which had be reinforced was to attack east of Pegu. Both attacks failed and Alexander realized that Rangoon could not be held. He ordered that Rangoon be evacuated and his troops withdraw north to the Irrawaddy Valley to regroup.1943 Bomber Command reports the ‘first effective attack on Essen’ due primarily to the use of a new navigational aid ‘Oboe’. The ‘Battle of the Ruhr’ begins1944 Koniev’s 2nd Ukrainian Front launches an attack towards Uman.Gliders and air-transport-borne ‘Chindits’ set up ‘Broadway’ a stronghold behind Japanese lines, North East of Indaw.1945 Advance patrols of the U.S. First Army reaches Cologne. Germany is now conscripting 15 and 16-year-olds into the regular army.
1941 Hitler increases the pressure on Yugoslavia to join the Tripartite pact by inviting Prince Paul, the regent, to Berchtesgaden. Hitler demands that he allows German troops to pass through Yugoslavia for an attack on Greece. In return, the port of Salonika and part of Macedonia will be ceded to Yugoslavia.
On the northern Norwegian coast,British & Norwegian commandos raid Lofoten Islands, Norway; destroy oil plants, sink 8 ships (confiscating two Enigma machines and code books), take 314 Norwegian volunteers to England and take 285 German prisoners.
The British start to transfer the first contingent of troops from Egypt to Greece. These are to be under the command of General Maitland Wilson.
1942 Two Japanese flying boats bomb Pearl Harbor—no damage. Aircraft from USS Enterprise group strike Marcus Island.
Aircraft from USS Enterprise group strike Marcus Island in South Pacific.
1944 Zhukov renews his attacks against the forces of Manstein’s Army Group South in the Ukraine.
The USAAF launch, but then cancel the first daylight heavy bomber raid on Berlin. However 29 aircraft fail to receive the counter-order and bomb the capital.
Convoy RA-57 (31 ships) sailing the Arctic route from the Kola Peninsula to Loch Ewe, is attacked off Norway. The steam merchant Empire Tourist is sunk by U-703 for 7,062 gross tons lost. However, the convoy’s escorts sink 3 U-boats en-route.
Merrill’s ‘Marauders’ fight their first major action in Burma.
1945 The First Belorussian Front breaks through at Stargard and drives towards Stettin and also establishes a new bridgehead across the Oder to the South of Frankfurt.
US B-29 Superfortresses first land on Iwo Jima as an emergency field.
The British Fourteenth Army takes Meiktila, Burma.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: December 7: Attack on Pearl Harbor WWII Today: December 20 WWII Today: December 30
1940 The Russian launch a massive offensive and bring Viipuri under direct attack. This brings home to the Finns the fact that they cannot resist for must longer against the overwhelming force that the Russians are now deploying.
Italy protests to Britain over proposed ban on Italian imports of German coal.
1941 Moscow denounces the Axis rule in Bulgaria.
1942 RAF Bomber Command, under its new C-in-C, Air Vice Marshal Harris, attacks the Renault plant in the Paris suburb of Billancourt. Of the 235 RAF planes that took off, only 1 failed to return. The new navigation device, GEE wasn’t used, although the target was marked with flares for the first time and serious damage done to production facilities with many French workers killed. This successful raid was a much needed morale boost for the bomber crews.
The Lancaster bomber makes its operational debut, laying mines of the French port of Brest.
Vichy announces that ‘official’ German figures put the number of French arrested in 1941 at 5,390 and executions at more than 250.
General Chiang Kai-shek meets General Wavell in Burma.
1943 173 Londoners are killed in panic crush at Bethnal Green tube station when a new Anti-Aircraft weapon noise is heard for the first time.
Russians take Rzhev, over 100 miles to the west of Moscow.
1944 German attacks cease at Anzio after losing 3,500 men and 30 Panzer’s in four days.
For the war to date British civilian casualties total 50,324 dead, with military deaths at 50,103.
Under pressure from the Western Allies to withdraw all remaining Spanish troops from the Eastern front, the Franco government orders members of the so-called “Blue Legion,” attached to the German 121st Infantry Division, to return home and outlaws service by Spanish citizens with the Axis forces. Nevertheless, a handful of fanatically anti-Communist Spaniards defy orders and volunteer for service with the Waffen SS, some of them fighting suicidally to the end in the ruins of Berlin.
The allies announce that Russia is to get a third of Italian fleet, or equivalent in British and American warships.
Japanese counter-attacks on Los Negros fail.
1945 Units of the Canadian First Army capture Xanten on the lower Rhine in the battle of the Reichswald.
The US First Army captures Krefeld.
100 Luftwaffe night-fighters attack 27 RAF airfields, in what is the last night intrusion raid of the war. 22 RAF aircraft were destroyed for 6 German.
The fighting ends in Manila. Japanese resistance ends in Meiktila.
Finland declares war on the Axis.Take a look at these other WWII Posts: WWII Today: February 18 WWII Today: February 14 Words at War: The Curtain Rises | <urn:uuid:9d056b05-32ff-446d-836e-a0efb6118913> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wwiidogtags.com/ww2-history/ww2-march/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938342 | 4,974 | 2.140625 | 2 |
On December 15, President Barack Obama signed into law the Better Online Ticket Sales Act, also known as the BOTS Act. The law will target online ticket resellers who use programs (the “bots”) to scoop up tickets to popular concerts and shows as soon as they go on sale, then flip the tickets at a much higher price. This has the effect that consumers have less access to the events they want to go to, and have to pay much more.
The law, known in the Senate as S.3183 and passed by Congress on December 8, prohibits the use of these bots to buy tickets as well as prohibits the sale of tickets obtained with this policy; violations will be considered unfair or deceptive acts or practices under the Federal Trade Commission Act, and the law gives authority to the FTC and to the states for enforcement.
Various figures in the entertainment industry have expressed their support for this and similar bills. In a Congressional hearing in May 2016 on the BOTS Act and other bills, John Breyault, Vice President of Public Policy, Telecommunications,and Fraud at the National Consumers League, called fans’ current ticket buying experience, “an exercise in frustration.” Gil Genn, testifying on behalf of the Maryland Sports and Entertainment Industry Coaltition, lauded the creation of a “dual enforcement mechanism to stop that theft,” as it would allow the FTC to enforce the law against people who use bots to hack a ticket-selling website as well as allow an artist, venue, or fan to sue a bot user under a federal standard for damages.Lin-Manuel Miranda, of “Hamilton” fame, discussed the problem in June 2016 as it related to a bill passed by the New York legislature, saying, “You shouldn’t have to fight robots just to see something you love.” | <urn:uuid:280ce17a-1cbb-4f05-961c-cc92a0a05775> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://consumersresearch.org/president-signs-bill-to-combat-online-ticket-buying-bots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970964 | 379 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Millions of people around the world are still vaccine hesitant when it comes to the Covid-19 vaccines, remaining heavily exposed to the virus risking developing severe condition and even death if they contract the coronavirus.
Americans can choose between three Covid-19 vaccines of which two are developed on a completely new mRna technology, a type of technology that has never been implemented in any other vaccine before. While some people are declared as anti vaxxers in general, a decent number of those unvaccinated decide not to get the vaccine because they are concerned how these mRna vaccines actually work.
Especially concerned are pregnant and breastfeeding women, a category of people with probably one of the lowest Covid-19 vaccination rates so far. Numerous studies have shown there aren’t any side effects after vaccination for both the mothers and their babies, but still, many choose to wait and get vaccinated at a later date exposing themselves and the babies to a greater coronavirus risk until getting the shot.
One of them was the 27-year-old C. Hernandez, a young pregnant woman from Texas, who decided not to get vaccinated against Covid-19 because she had concerns over the vaccines. Both Hernandez and her husband tested positive on Covid-19 shortly after the New Year’s Day. When they contracted the virus, Hernandez was pregnant with their sixth child.
According to ABC 13 who were among the first to report the story, Hernandez began to feel unwell, experienced shortness of breath and chest tightness and developed severe condition in a matter of days. When her husband took her to hospital, she was immediately admitted because of low oxygen levels. Shortly after, Hernandez was diagnosed with pneumonia due to COVID.
Just few days later, doctors performed an emergency C-section to deliver the couple’s baby, a boy called Koda born at 25 weeks. According to Hernandez’s husband Rico, his wife did well, she was in stable condition and she was aware afterwards and informed that the baby had been delivered. Despite being born earlier, the baby boy was described as “healthy and doing amazing.”
Hernandez was still on ventilator support in the upcoming days, but her lungs were recovering, she felt better and her overall condition was improving. Just when everyone in the hospital thought she was going to fully recover and reunite with her newborn, Hernandez’s condition worsened and she died mid-January. The healthcare personnel and her husband were in total disbelief.
Shortly after her death, Rico spoke with ABC 13 and said that both he and his wife were unvaccinated against the deadly virus. According to him, “it all happened so fast and it was being pushed on us very fast,” saying: “She was pregnant and so she had some concerns.” During his wife’s stay in hospital, Rico was unable to go to work since he had to take care of the couple’s five children at home.
A GoFundMe page was set up by a close friend of the mom, titled “Help Crystal have the proper burial.” As of writing of this article, it had raised more than $22,000 out of a $50,000 goal. | <urn:uuid:81da99bd-0bab-4141-bd79-6c6b17fcf733> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lbtribune.com/2022/01/26/young-pregnant-woman-remained-unvaccinated-because-she-was-afraid-to-take-the-vaccine-while-pregnant-contracted-the-virus-and-died-after-giving-birth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.991707 | 669 | 2.28125 | 2 |
You can find a lot of mathematics trick app in the play store or app store, but none of them is as good as this one. Here is the best math tricks app where you will find all the important math formula you need with just one click.
This math tricks app has a lot of math formula with easy to use interface packed in one small app. This app has all the basic formula of math quiz.
# This pure math problem solver app has
- Analytic Geometry
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This amazing mathematic tricks app is free for all the android users.
You don't need to worry about the paper notes as this is the magic math tricks app to help you out with the mathematics formula. Once you try to use it in your everyday life, am sure you will get used to of it. Choose the simplest and the smart math magician.
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You'll find formulas very simply explained in this app with necessary figures. If you are searching for a free app for shortcut math tricks, an equation solver with steps, you came to the right place! This is the best of all math apps. All in all, this is an absolute math magician app for basic math calculations.
This app also has many tools to calculate the geometric shapes or find the roots of equations. Users can also share any formulas with friends by many ways: email, message, or Facebook.
Not only for smartphones, this app is also suitable for tablets with compatible interfaces. Math shortcut tricks-a must have app for your smartphones and tablets.
However, this is a small app with basic math shortcuts tricks but we will bring some more amazing tricks with future updates. So, try this amazing app, and hit the like button if you find it helpful. Any kind of suggestions is appreciated. And if there is any kind of bug report or a feature request, please drop a comment or email us. We will fix that issue asap.
Thank you for trying this brilliant math shortcut tricks app, this is free and will always be. Your support and appreciation is out strength.
If you are in need of an app on your phone to do all the math calculations using the easiest shortcut math tricks including all the math formulas out there, "math shortcut tricks" is what you are looking for. This free math app is a math problem solver for you all the way from math quiz or competitive educational exams to bank exams. There is no need to create a storm in your head looking for quick shortcuts for the big calculations; this app has got all the shortcut math tricks of calculating. You can use it anywhere, anytime.
all math formula added | <urn:uuid:4f0b7e2f-7abf-409a-aabc-771bc1192faf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://download.cnet.com/Math-Shortcut-Tricks-Formula/3000-20414_4-77518816.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.904218 | 719 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Pineapples are a tropical fruit native to South America but you can grow and harvest pineapple no matter where you live.
Pineapples have been cultivated and grown for a number of years in the region of Brazil, however these exotic fruits make great houseplants.
Even in cold climates it is possible to get these plants to set fruit and ripen indoors.
People who see your pineapple growing will be impressed, but once you get a taste of a homegrown pineapple you won’t want store bought anymore.
Introduction to Growing Pineapples
Store-bought fruit does not compare in taste or sweetness to a pineapple you grew yourself.
One reason for this is because the store bought pineapples were picked before they were fully ripe, unlike one you would grow in your home or yard that would be left on the plant until it was fully ripe and ready to eat.
There are many varieties of pineapple plants.
Some are ornamental and some are edible.
The various types are sorted by class.
There are four classes, according to Purdue University, ‘Smooth Cayenne’, ‘Red Spanish’, ‘Queen’, and ‘Abacaxi.’
Once the plants are two years old, they will flower, then set fruit.
From the time the pineapple flowers to the time the fruit ripens on the plant takes six months, according to the pineapple research institute of Hawaii.
Pineapple Plant Care Tips for the Home Gardener
Below are some useful tips for pineapple plant care.
These tips are very easy to follow and will help you grow a healthy pineapple plant.
Pineapple plants require moderate sunlight and should be planted in an area with plenty of room for the plant to grow.
This means that they need just enough sunlight but not too much so it doesn’t burn the leaves or fruit.
It also means that you should have enough room for the pineapple plant to grow because they can grow up to six feet tall.
When the pineapple plant is in active growth if it is being grown indoors, grow lights should be left on 12 to 14 hours per day.
Once your plant is old enough to set fruit, the pineapple research institute of Hawaii says that the light requirements change.
In nature, pineapples need 10 to 11 hours of sunlight daily to set fruit.
The short days and cool nights are what trigger the plants to bloom, according the pineapple research institute of Hawaii.
Plants grown with higher temperatures or given longer periods of light may not flower on time or the fruit maturation may be delayed.
It is also important that your pineapple plants live in a temperature controlled environment if you live in a cold place where they cannot live outside year round.
Be sure to plant your pineapple plant in rich organic soil and top the soil off with three inches of compost or mulch.
For pineapple fruit to mature in six months, a temperature range of 55 degrees Fahrenheit to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, must be maintained according to the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii.
Pineapple grown in cooler conditions produces fruit that tastes more acidic, and the fruits take longer to mature according to Purdue University.
Water weekly making sure to soak the soil and use a time release fertilizer.
Pineapple Flowering, Fruit Development, and Harvesting Requirements
Pineapple is a perennial plant that grows in tropical and subtropical climates.
It takes about 2 years to produce fruit, and 3 years to mature enough to be harvested.
The pineapple plant flowers year-round, but the flowering is not as heavy during some parts of the year.
The peak season for flowering is from December 1st through April 30th.
The development of the pineapple fruit depends on how much light it receives and when it was planted in relation to the date of planting.
If the plant was planted too early or too late during a particular planting season, then when it’s mature enough to produce fruit it will usually offer much smaller harvests than if they were planted at the right time for that particular planting season.
The proper time for harvesting can be difficult to judge, according to Purdue University, even though the approximate time to harvest will be six months.
This is not a hard and fast rule, so look at your pineapple and note the changes.
These changes will signal proper harvesting time.
The pineapple shell, which is the part you see, will change color from green to gold.
When one half of the shell is changed, you can harvest it, but the longer you wait to harvest your pineapple, the sweeter it will be.
Inside the pineapple, the white flesh is changing to yellow.
How to Store Your Pineapples Until Ready to Eat
When you get your pineapple home, it is important to store it correctly.
The best way to store your ripe pineapple is at room temperature until it is cut into.
Your pineapple will last for approximately three days at room temperature.
Once it is cut into and the flesh has been peeled and chopped, go ahead and store it in an airtight container in the refrigerator.
When you are ready, you can eat the fruit fresh or use it in recipes.
You can also can pineapple, but be sure to use an up to date recipe, then store the jars of pineapple in a cool, dark place.
Pineapple can be cooked in different ways, such as boiling, baking, sauteing, or grilling.
It can also be eaten fresh in salads.
Pineapple is used to make a number of dishes that vary from all sorts of sweet dishes to savory dishes and drinks.
Conclusion: Growing and Harvesting a Homegrown Pineapple is More Than Worth It
Growing and harvesting a homegrown pineapple is more than worth it.
Pineapples are delicious, and many people enjoy the taste of this fruit.
But not everyone knows that there is an even greater, more fulfilling experience to be had in the process of growing one.
Growing a pineapple from scratch will take more time than you might think.
It can take up to two years before you can harvest your own pineapple from your plant, but it is well worth the wait! | <urn:uuid:c6840df0-6e71-4c61-8173-bc635d55a31b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.exoticgardening.com/grow-and-harvest-pineapple/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95368 | 1,281 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A septic tank inspection is the best first port of call, to find out exactly what’s going on underground. Our team is fully equipped to investigate both the walls of the septic tank, as well as any soakaway pipework that the waste water runs to. They can get to the bottom of exactly what’s causing any problems and can let you know what needs to be done to put it right.
Unfortunately, there are a number of different ways that your septic tank or soakaway system can become damaged. If you are in need of septic tank repair, you might be surprised to know that often the costs of repairing or replacing damaged septic tanks are covered by your existing buildings insurance. Here at AVADA Environmental, we can manage everything for you from start to finish. | <urn:uuid:fdae6907-9390-41e5-8cd6-51461c3fcd28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avadaenvironmental.com/waste-water-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967668 | 163 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Stride is cross-platform game engine. This means you can create your game once, then compile and deploy it on all the platforms Stride supports. The engine converts C# and shaders to the different native languages, and abstracts the concepts that differ between platforms, so you don't have to adapt your code for each platform.
- Windows Desktop 7, 8, 10
- Windows Universal (UWP)
- Linux (Ubuntu)
- Android 2.3 and later
- iOS 8.0 and later
To check which platform your project uses, add a break point to your code (eg in a script), run the project, and check the Platform.Type variable.
Supported graphics platforms
- Direct3D 9 (limited support), 10, 11, 12
- OpenGL 3, 4
- OpenGL ES 2 (limited support), 3
Stride only supports MSAA (multisample anti-aliasing) for Direct3D 11 and later. Depending on your device's OpenGL shader compiler, Stride might not run with OpenGL ES2.
Direct3D 9 doesn't support HDR textures. Using HDR textures with DirextX 9 will crash your game.
Set the graphics platform
You set the graphics platform in the Game settings asset under Rendering settings > Target graphics platform.
For more information, see Set the graphics platform.
Stride defines preprocessor variables if you want to write code that compiles only under a specific platform. For more information, see Preprocessor variables. | <urn:uuid:4ad49898-e0c5-41d8-b821-f2a97dab7ead> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://doc.stride3d.net/latest/en/manual/platforms/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.814112 | 330 | 1.90625 | 2 |
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