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If you are looking for the best Canada Scholarship Opportunities for International Students, we’ve got the right information for you.
Canada International Admission Scholarship is offering students all over the world the opportunity to secure admission to any Canadian university, and this is mostly for international students who wish to make their academic journey in developed countries like Canada.
This Scholarship is open to all Canadian citizens and International Students for various studies at the university. This means even if you reside in Canada, you are eligible to apply for this scholarship.
Through these Scholarships for international students, successful candidates can be offered the certificate for the degree of Masters and Ph.D. at the University of Ottawa.
The University Of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, also referred to as U of O provides a wide range of academic programs. The acceptance rate of the University of Ottawa is approximately 13 percent hence, interested candidates are advised to be fully ready and compliant for the scholarship.
Finally, the University of Ottawa provides an education that leads you to the next level. This they can do by engaging in paid, professional, career-related, employment opportunities specific to your discipline.
Canada Scholarships 2021 Details
- University: University of Ottawa
- Degree level: Master’s & PhD
- Scholarship award: $7,500, $9,000
- Eligible Nationality: International Students
- Award country: Canada
- Last Date: open till date
Note: The University of Ottawa is providing an educational bursary of $7,500 per year for a Master’s degree and $9,000 per Year for a Ph.D. degree.
Eligibility Criteria for Scholarships in Canada
- Eligible Countries: Applications will be recognized and in review from around the world.
- Eligible Course or Subjects: Masters degree in any subject field program.
- Eligibility Criteria: For this to be eligible, candidates must maintain a minimum admission average of 8.0 / 10 and have to enroll in the master’s degree course.
Required Documents For Canada International Admission
- Documents: Applicants Must attach their CV, letter of recommendation, copy of passport, and academic transcripts as well.
- Admission Requirements: Applicants must hold an honors bachelor’s degree (4 years) with an average of 70%, or B to be eligible.
- Language Requirement: Applicants must complete one of the following tests exams <taken no later than two years prior to the date of registration>
- TOEFL: Internet-based test exam with a minimum of 24 in each of the four skills paper
- IELTS: students will score higher or a minimum of 7.0 in each of the four skills
- MELAB: students will score higher or a minimum of 90 in listening, reading, and writing, and a minimum of 3+ in speaking.
How Can I Apply For The Canada International Admission Scholarship?
Candidates interested in the Canada International Admission Scholarship are advised to take admission in the postgraduate degree coursework at the university. Aspirants can also apply for the grants as the section begins. | <urn:uuid:e304a1c1-d593-4ff0-9d9d-9017483c8bbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phonesiq.com/canada-scholarships-for-international-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.913323 | 647 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Evidence has indicated that the potential within the mobile money sector is growing at a fast pace in Africa.
In Tanzania, Mwasapi Kihongosi and Godluck Akyoo are the founders of TIME tickets, which is a mobile app that allows event-goers in Tanzania to purchase tickets using their mobile phones using mobile money. How does it work?
After purchasing a ticket via TIME Tickets, the ticket in QR Code will be stored in the user’s phone. During check-in to an event or movie theatre, the ticket will be scanned for validation.
The founders were driven by the goal to make ticketing easy.
“We started mid-2013 to fill a gap in the market. If you want to buy a ticket to an event in Dar es Salaam you must go to a physical outlet. We wanted to enable people to buy the ticket via mobile money and save the time and money spent commuting to buy tickets.”
Currently available for the Android platform, the founders aim to use other mobile operating systems such as Windows and iOS.
The startup faces challenges like any other business, including potential risks.
Kihongosi says, “A very small percentage of Tanzanians have smartphones. Just over nine million people have internet access. Now this can be a risk or an opportunity, depending on whether you take a short-term or long-term view.”
“Our target clients include event organisers, movie theatres and travel agents. We make money through commissions,” says Akyoo.
This venture is an example of how young entrepreneurs in Africa are capitalising on the mobile money boom on the continent. With the expansion of the mobile phone market, there is even more opportunity.
“Cash is increasingly becoming an obsolete technology as the developing world sprints ahead of the developed in its adoption of Mobile Money,” says Ismail Ahmed, founder and CEO of Worldremit, a leading international remittance company.
Sub-Saharan countries in Africa record the highest level of mobile money penetration, of all regions in the world. | <urn:uuid:1dfb6dab-81d7-4a87-a837-1dc72c50a6c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://raisingthebar.co.za/mobile-ticket-selling-start-tanzania-puts-spotlight-mobile-money-potential-africa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937066 | 430 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Faithful Execution and Article II
82 Pages Posted: 8 Oct 2018 Last revised: 11 Jun 2019
Date Written: October 4, 2018
Article II of the U.S. Constitution twice imposes a duty of “faithful execution” on the President, who must “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed,” and take an oath or affirmation to “faithfully execute the Office of President.” These clauses are cited often, but their background and original meaning have never been fully explored. Courts, the executive branch, and many scholars rely on one or both clauses as support for expansive views of presidential power, for example, to go beyond standing law to defend the nation in emergencies; to withhold documents from Congress or the courts; or to refuse to fully execute statutes on grounds of unconstitutionality or for policy reasons.
This Article is the first to explore the textual roots of these clauses from the time of Magna Carta and medieval England, through colonial America, and up to the original meaning in the Philadelphia Convention and ratification debates. We find that the language of “faithful execution” was for centuries before 1787 very commonly associated with the performance of public and private offices—especially those in which the officer had some control over the public fisc. “Faithful execution” language applied not only to senior government officials but also to a vast number of more ministerial officers, too. We contend that it imposed three core requirements on officeholders:
(1) diligent, careful, good faith, and impartial execution of law or office;
(2) a duty not to misuse an office’s funds and or take unauthorized profits; and
(3) a duty not to act ultra vires, beyond the scope of one’s office.
These three duties of fidelity look a lot like fiduciary duties in modern private law. This “fiduciary” reading of the original meaning of the Faithful Execution Clauses might have important implications in modern constitutional law. Our history supports readings of Article II of the Constitution, for example, that limit presidents to exercise their power in good faith, for the public interest, and not for reasons of self-dealing, self-protection, or other bad faith, personal reasons. So understood, Article II may thus place some limits on the pardon and removal authority. The history we present also supports readings of Article II that tend to subordinate presidential power to congressional direction, limiting presidential non-enforcement of statutes, and perhaps constraining agencies’ interpretation of statutes to pursue Congress’s objectives. Our conclusions undermine imperial and prerogative claims for the presidency, claims that are sometimes, in our estimation, improperly traced to dimensions of the clauses requiring the President's faithful execution.
Keywords: U.S. Constitution, faithful execution, original public meaning, take care clause, presidential oath, fiduciary law, presidential power, article II
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation | <urn:uuid:91dbdce2-b12a-410a-8d30-78b8e95d6573> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3260593 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.92843 | 611 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Sometime in the last 20 years, the word “manager” has turned into the 4-letter-word of the business world. Everyone is now a “leader,” a “head of,” a “supervisor,” or a “team lead.” Even “boss” has made a comeback. People will do just about anything to not use the word “manager.”
However, we all know (or have felt) the Gallup Study finding – that 50% of people leave a job to get away from their manager. We also know that retaining top talent is paramount to a successful business. So why do we avoid the title of some of the most critical people in our companies? We think it’s high time to respect the title and reclaim “manager.”
Why the bad rap?
If managers are so important, why do we avoid the title? Somewhere between Office Space and The Office, middle managers got a bad reputation. Managers were painted as ineffective and over-compensated middle tiers who often stood in the way of their best employees. They bumbled through performance reviews, took the credit of their top workers and generally added layers where layers were not needed. They were more concerned about maintaining their position than about the success of their teams. To put it bluntly: middle managers became the poster child of mediocrity.
And yes, ineffective, middle managers do exist. But there are far more managers out there who are champions of their teams, strong employee advocates, and the reason why many people are inspired to do their best work. And we’re here to celebrate them. We’re here to reclaim their rightful title.
Why are managers so great?
Great managers are the beating hearts of organizations. They are the go-to for information, coaching, and motivation for employees. Managers provide structure and air cover. They amplify the talent of each employee and their team as a whole. Great management is a lifestyle for these folks. The role is exhausting, rewarding, and often thankless. Great managers could usually make more money in other roles, and they know it. But they keep at this work because of the impact they are able to have on others.
That impact defines their employees’ experience. In fact, a Gallup Study found that 70% of variance in employee engagement comes down to an employee’s manager. The choices a manager makes in terms of how they support their people, affects not only performance but also culture and morale. Great managers know how to leverage strengths to get the best from their people. That same Gallup Study found that employees are far more engaged when they strongly agree that their manager focuses on their strengths (67% engaged) vs those who strongly agree that their manager focuses on their weaknesses (71% actively disengaged). Great managers make other people more successful through their actions.
Why do managers matter more now than ever?
In the wake of the pandemic, social movements, layoffs, hyper growth, modern war, hybrid/remote environments and the great resignation, the role of manager is harder than ever. And for all those same reasons, we’ve observed that the role is also more important than ever. In the face of all this uncertainty, people are looking to their managers for understanding, structure, motivation, clarity and, often, a listening ear. In the last two years with many of us working from home, managers have often become the sole touch point between the company and employees. They have become the face of the company for team members. They are the glue that holds the team together (or doesn’t). Their role has never been more important.
So what does it mean to reclaim manager?
We’re here to sing from the rooftops that managers are amazing. We want to shine a rightful spotlight on the important role managers play. They manage people, workloads and expectations. They manage up, down and around. They manage to show up on the good days and the bad. And we think that’s pretty impressive. So we’re here to reclaim the title, reclaim “manager”, and finally give the title the respect it deserves. | <urn:uuid:8f9d2947-1e43-4c7d-8c4c-74958adbd4ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.getmintable.com/2022/06/08/reclaiming-manager/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978601 | 869 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Nanoparticle technology is undergoing significant expansion largely because of the potential of nanoparticles as biomaterials, drug delivery vehicles, cancer therapeutics, and immunopotentiators. Incorporation of nanoparticle technologies for in vivo applications increases the urgency to characterize nanomaterial immunogenicity. This study explores titanium dioxide, one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials, synthesized into its three most common nanoarchitectures: anatase (7-10 nm), rutile (15-20 nm), and nanotube (10-15 nm diameters, 70-150 nm length). The fully human autologous MIMIC immunological construct has been utilized as a predictive, nonanimal alternative to diagnose nanoparticle immunogenicity. Cumulatively, treatment with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the MIMIC system led to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased maturation and expression of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells. Additionally, these treatments effectively primed activation and proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells in comparison to dendritic cells treated with micrometer-sized (>1 microm) titanium dioxide, characteristic of an in vivo inflammatory response. | <urn:uuid:2d6d47bb-5b8a-4432-9880-c75dd0cc645c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19769402/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.881993 | 243 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The DIRBS Pakistan ensure a healthy mobile device eco-system by PTA in Pakistan. The system lets you check the status of your device and assists you to ensure that you are not using an illegal device. The objective of Device Identification, Registration and Blocking System (DIRBS) is to ensure a healthy growth of mobile device ecosystem in Pakistan. DIRBS ensures use of legal devices on the mobile networks. The import, use, and growth of legal devices will enhance government revenues, improve the quality of mobile service to consumers, preserve network resources of the mobile operators, provide better security and ensure the protection of intellectual property rights. The System installed by PTA will make sure that only type approved and legal devices are operational over mobile networks in the country.
DIRBS is an open source platform and is available at GitHub. For more information about DIRBS, you can visit its official page. Client: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority Website: www.dirbs.pta.gov.pk/ | <urn:uuid:e097ebb9-3a1e-430e-8412-b38b3317fc83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.3gca.org/portfolio/device-identification-registration-blocking-system-dirbs-pakistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.880605 | 202 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Actress Bella Thorne claimed that the key to reducing her acne was NOT washing her face in the mornings. We asked Dr Anjali Mahto – who suffered from adult acne herself – some burning FAQs and her top tips to getting clearer skin
You may have thought that washing your face was a crucial step in your skin care routine – especially if you are suffering from acne.
In a video posted by Vogue, actress Bella Thorne claimed that overwashing may actually have been a primary cause of her skin woes.
When it comes to getting clearer skin – each person is different. We’ve all heard myths and misinformation about miracle remedies that promise to improve our skin.
‘Make sure you’re changing your pillowcase regularly’, ‘holding your phone to your face causes acne – use hands free’, ‘are you washing your hands frequently to avoid build up of bacteria.’ I’ve heard all the alleged advice possible on how to treat my skin and prevent adult acne as well as endless recommendations on products to use.
Many people, myself included, invest heaps of money in skincare products that claim they will help prevent our acne and breakouts. It can be difficult to know what products to use and what advice is truly trustworthy.
Her book is full of unbiased and expert-led advice to help you understand your skin type and to help you take control of your skincare routine.
WATCH: Dr Anjali Mahto’s top tips for acne skincare
So, I wanted to ask Dr Anjali Mahto some questions of my own along with other important FAQs about adult acne. Here’s what she said:
Q. #1: Does what I eat affect my skin, or is it just a myth?
‘There is emerging scientific data that consumption of foods with a high glycaemic index (GI) (the naughty high sugar foods including white rice) and certain dairy products (in particular, low-fat milk) can aggravate acne. These foods that are rapidly absorbed by the body, and result in raised blood sugar or glucose levels’.
‘Raised circulating blood sugar or glucose levels promote the release of the hormone insulin and IGF-1 (insulin growth factor 1).
Both of these increase oil or sebum production and act on the body to produce more male hormones known as androgens (both men and women have androgens). All these factors together are thought to promote the development of acne’.
‘Therefore, in some individuals, it may help to limit these types of food, and I would also suggest following a nutritional diet with plenty of whole grains, vegetables and pulses’.
‘Stress can anecdotally also play a part in aggravating inflammatory skin conditions such as acne. Learn to de-stress and make sure you get enough sleep and exercise. Participate in activities such as yoga and meditation if this works for you’.
Q. #2: Will drinking lots of water help my skin or is that a myth too?
‘I always recommend keeping yourself fully hydrated throughout the day, particularly during the warmer months or if you are suffering from sunburn, as this encourages fluid loss through the skin and can cause you to become very dehydrated’.
Drinking a lot of water will not help with fine lines and wrinkles
‘The skin also loses more water content as we sleep compared to during the day which can be a problem for normal or dry skin types. Always ensure you moisturise before bed as this is when your skin needs its extra moisture’.
‘Drinking a lot of water will not help with fine lines and wrinkles, however and this is a common myth that often gets thrown about’.
Q. #3: Are spots caused by hormones?
‘Yes absolutely. Skin concerns can often be attributed to hormonal changes that take place during the course of one’s life and particularly during certain periods including puberty, pregnancy and the menopause. These hormones can wreak havoc on our skin in a rather predictable manner during these times’.
Q. #4: If I treat my oily skin will it then dry my skin out and cause wrinkles?
‘I always recommend to follow the correct skincare regime for your skin type and those with oily skin should not worry about treating this if they use the correct products and ingredients. Remember that good quality skincare need not be expensive or complicated. More often than not, it comes down to using products that contain the right ingredients’.
‘Most people will have skin types that fall into one of the following categories: oily, dry, sensitive, normal/combination. A person’s skin type can change over time and skincare will also need to change in response to this’.
‘One of the most common errors in those with acne or oily skin is over- exfoliation in an attempt to unblock pores and remove oil. This is not a good idea, as exfoliating frequently with harsh agents will cause irritation and potentially a worsening of break-outs’.
‘I also suggest using cosmetic products that are non-comedogenic and contain ingredients such as Benzoyl peroxide, Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), Salicylic acid, Retinols, Niacinamide and Tea Tree Oil’.
One of the most common errors in those with acne or oily skin is over- exfoliation in an attempt to unblock pores and remove oil
‘It’s important to choose a cleanser specially formulated for acne, such as Avene Cleanance Cleansing Gel or La Roche-Posay Effaclar Foaming Gel Cleanser.
‘After cleansing, use a light gel-based moisturiser that is ‘non-comedogenic’ (i.e. prevents the formation of blackheads), such as Neutrogena Oil-Free Non Comedogenic Moisturiser. Even oily skin needs moisturising as oils do not equate to hydration!’
We also love: Green People, Clear Skin Moisturiser (£11)
‘Treating oily skin however will not result in wrinkles as wrinkles occur due to the natural ageing process of the skin and sun exposure, not due to removal of skin oil as such’.
Q. #5: Does an alkaline diet really work?
‘My recommendation is to follow a nutritional diet with plenty of whole grains, vegetables and pulses. Stress can anecdotally also play a part in aggravating inflammatory skin conditions such as acne so activities to de-stress are important. I would not personally recommend an alkaline diet and there is little scientific evidence to back its use’.
Q. #6: What can you do for scarring post acne as an adult? Is it ever too late and how expensive is it?
‘Acne scarring typically occurs in association with spots that cause deep inflammation (nodules and cysts) and can either be elevated or depressed from the skin surface’.
‘Whilst some acne scarring will improve over time, the skin contour does not usually completely normalize. There are a number of methods that can be used to treat acne scarring if it is causing distress. Sometimes a combination of treatments may be required to get the best result as one person may have several different types of scars. Common treatments include a mixture of microneedling and laser depending on the scar types’.
‘Misleading information results in much time, money, and effort being wasted on miracle cures without miracle results. There are effective treatments available for managing acne and scarring. If you find your skin concerns are stopping you leading your life the way that you want, it is important to seek medical help’.
‘Ensure your expert is a dermatologist on the GMC specialist register and can talk through the multiple options that are available. It is important to have a discussion about which methods have been chosen and why. And finally, it is vital that the acne process itself is switched off and treated before any scar treatments are started’.
Q. #7: How can I help to prevent my acne?
‘Unfortunately, there is no way of preventing acne as it can be caused by a wide number of issues or periods in your life as mentioned above. There are however many treatment and product options to help reduce the signs and symptoms of acne and an expert dermatologist will be able to determine the best treatment plan tailored to you’.
Q. #8: Should I avoid face oils if I have acne?
‘Facial oils have gained much notoriety in recent years. They are touted as being good for all skin types– oily skin included. The theory is that ‘like dissolves like’ and, therefore, oil will dissolve oil. I have seen little evidence to back up the claim that facial oil is good for those of us prone to spots and my advice would be to steer clear of these unless you have dry or very dry skin. Oils on the skin can promote the formation of blackheads, leading to spots’.
Q. #9: After so long of not having acne, why has it started now I‘m in my 20s?
‘Acne can affect us throughout the different stages of our lives. Anecdotally, there seems to be data that suggests that acne is starting earlier and continuing for longer than previously noted’.
women are much more likely to suffer with acne during adulthood than men
‘Acne manifests itself in a variety of ways from blackheads and whiteheads to more severe and tender red spots, and it is estimated that 85 per cent of teenagers will suffer from acne at some point to varying degrees of severity.
During adolescence, acne is more common in males than females. However, women are much more likely to suffer with acne during adulthood than men, probably due to their complex hormonal cycles which fluctuate due to things like inflammation and stress’.
‘Unfortunately, we don’t have a full understanding of the difference in the cause of acne in teens versus adults at this stage. Skin concerns can often be attributed to hormonal changes that take place during the course of one’s life. There are certain periods, namely puberty, pregnancy and the menopause, where this holds particularly true’.
Q. #10: At what age should I start keeping up a skin routine?
‘The correct skincare regime for your skin type should be used as early as possible, particularly from your teens when puberty has kicked in and you are more susceptible to hormonal changes. Your skincare regime needn’t be complicated or expensive as long as you are using the correct ingredients to suit your skin type’.
Q. #11: What should be my everyday skin routine?
‘As mentioned above, your skincare routine should reflect your skin type. I do recommend cleansing the skin twice a day – morning and evening. This can be in the form of a cream cleanser or micellar water. I also suggest exfoliating your skin as this helps to remove the upper layer of dead skin cells that sit on the skin – this improves the skin’s texture, age spots and uneven skin tone which ultimately allows for better penetration of skincare products such as moisturisers or serums’.
Healthista loves: Skin Blossom, Facial Cleansing Milk (£6.95)
‘Facial toners also have a number of positive roles in skincare. They can remove excess oil and make up and balance the pH of your skin. Toners are useful for those with very oily or acne prone skin. They should be applied to a cotton pad and wiped over the skin surface’.
‘Serums contain high concentrations of active ingredients and should be used before moisturisers. They are fast acting and lightweight. A few drops of serum can be placed in the palms of the hands and pressed into the skin in a similar manner to using essence. Using serums on damp skin may increase their penetration as damp skin is more permeable to products’.
Q. #12: How can I help acne caused by hormones especially at that ‘time of the month’?
‘Acne is normally worse during your period and this is a very common issue for women and one that many have simply come to accept as part and parcel of that time of the month. About two- thirds of acne-prone women will note worsening of their acne typically occurring anywhere from a week to a few days before the start of their period’.
‘Though women have female hormones circulating through their bodies throughout their menstrual cycle (oestrogen predominating in the first half of the month and progesterone in the second half), the androgen testosterone is also present – albeit in smaller quantities – at all times’.
About two- thirds of acne-prone women will note worsening of acne anywhere from a week to a few days before the start of their period’
‘Shortly before the onset of menstrual bleeding, female hormones reach their lowest levels; the level of testosterone, however, remains fairly constant at all times and so its proportion is relatively higher at these points. Such higher proportions of testosterone, in turn, are known to cause the changes in the skin’s complexion that bring about acne. Unfortunately, us ladies are at the mercy of our hormonal cycles and there’s not much we can do about them, even if we can treat the resultant acne’.
Dr Anjali’s 5 best skincare tips for acne:
#1: ‘Wear sunscreen daily. Daily sunscreen use can help guard against skin cancer and premature skin ageing. Choose a broad-spectrum which offers protection against both UVA and UVB light. Sunscreen should be a minimum of SPF 15–30’.
#2: ‘Remember that good quality skincare need not be expensive or complicated. More often than not, it comes down to using products that contain the right ingredients’.
#3: ‘It is important to cleanse the skin twice a day – morning and evening. This can be in the form of a rinse of cleanser or micellar water. Air pollution (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, oxides) has been shown to contribute to premature skin ageing such as fine wrinkles and pigmentation spots. These should not be left in contact with the skin for any longer than necessary’.
#4: ‘It is really common to hear myths about pore size – for example – steam or hot water will open pores. This myth is propagated by glossy magazines, beauticians, and even some doctors! The truth is we can help improve the appearance of pore size but we cannot close them’.
#5: ‘Skin concerns such as acne scarring can have a profound psychological effect on the sufferer long after the acne itself has gone. Misleading information results in much time, money, and effort being wasted on miracle cures without miracle results. There are effective treatments available for managing acne and scarring. If you find your skin concerns are stopping you leading your life the way that you want, it is important to seek medical help’.
The Skincare Bible: Your No-Nonsense Guide to Great Skin by Dr Anjali Mahto, Consultant Dermatologist at Skin55, is available to buy on Amazon.
Dr Anjali Mahto is a UK-trained consultant dermatologist who has worked in both the NHS and private clinics. She began her career as a junior doctor before moving into dermatology after suffering acne for over a decade.
She writes regularly for the Huffington Post and has featured extensively in popular media and women’s magazines, including Guardian, Good Housekeeping and Sky News. She is a spokesperson for the British Skin Foundation. | <urn:uuid:e10c21eb-31c7-496f-909a-4d873de6e2bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthista.com/adult-acne-faqs-answered-expert-dermatologist-dr-anjali-mahto/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953857 | 3,334 | 1.789063 | 2 |
On September 5, 2017, Hurricane Irma intensified into a strong and “potentially catastrophic” category 5 storm. By definition, category 5 storms deliver maximum sustained winds of at least 157 miles (252 kilometers) per hour. Irma’s winds that morning approached 180 miles per hour—the strongest ever measured for an Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico or north of the Caribbean.
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite captured this nighttime view of the storm in the early hours of September 5. The image was acquired by the VIIRS “day-night band,” which detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared and uses filtering techniques to observe signals such as city lights, auroras, wildfires, and reflected moonlight. In this case, the clouds were lit by the nearly full Moon. The image is a composite, showing storm imagery combined with VIIRS imagery of city lights.
When the image was acquired, the storm’s center was moving due west. A National Hurricane Center forecast called for the hurricane to turn west-northwest toward the northern Leeward Islands. After that, the potential track area shows Irma’s path could move over areas between Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Florida.
NASA Earth Observatory image by Joshua Stevens and Jesse Allen, using VIIRS day-night band data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership. Caption by Kathryn Hansen. | <urn:uuid:5f9874e3-b9ac-4b26-9fc1-720f2e28e91d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90901/hurricane-irma-strengthens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93979 | 305 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Owners of Connecticut’s Largest Dairy Farm Preserve Land for Agriculture Use
The farm's 126 acres was considered particularly vulnerable to development.
Connecticut has added the largest dairy farm in the state to its farmland preservation program.
Oakridge Dairy in Ellington has conveyed the development rights to nearly 126 acres, banning use of the land for anything other than agriculture. The land is used to grow corn and hay to support the dairy's herd of about 4,000 cows.
Seth Bahler, general manager of Oakridge Dairy, said the family will stay in farming and wants to preserve as much farmland as possible.
The state is paying the Bahler family $1.1 million, with at least half reimbursed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Town of Ellington will pay $370,000 for the land.
The farm's 126 acres was considered particularly vulnerable to development because it is flat and clear and is in an area of significant home construction. | <urn:uuid:6ab3501b-31e8-4e28-a49f-de95aaeb576c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ctpublic.org/environment/2015-11-03/owners-of-connecticuts-largest-dairy-farm-preserve-land-for-agriculture-use | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963575 | 205 | 2.15625 | 2 |
when it is obstruction or contact
The contact rule of netball is that you are not allowed any contact. If contact occurs then a penalty pass is awarded to the opposite team.
the free pass is awarded to the opponent team by minions
a free pass is awarded if you move when holding the ball or do the wrong footwork
if you use incorrect footwork in netball, your opponant will be awarded a free pass! :)
The opposing team is awarded a free pass.
Netball is played in thirds, basketball in half's. Netball is non-contact, while basketball is contact. Netball nets are similar to basketball nets but have no backboard are taller and smaller in diameter. Netball has seven players, basketball has five. Netball players have bibs and specific positions, basketball does not.
Well I'm not quite sure what you mean, but contacting in netball is when you push, hurt or well get in contact with them (as in touch them not talk to them!).
the three main rules in netball are; stepping, contact and obstruction
probably football because netball is a non contact sport
obstruction stepping contact | <urn:uuid:27334053-aa63-487b-95a2-99629cb606b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sports.answers.com/Q/What_is_awarded_for_contact_in_netball | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971169 | 243 | 3.234375 | 3 |
CRISPR used to build dual-core computers inside human cells
The CRISPR gene-editing system is usually known for helping scientists treat genetic diseases, but the technology has a whole range of possible uses in synthetic biology too. Now researchers at ETH Zurich have used CRISPR to build functional biocomputers inside human cells.
As powerful as modern computers are, nature bested us long ago. Living organisms could be thought of as computers already – their cells act like logic gates, taking input from the outside world, processing it and responding with certain metabolic processes.
"The human body itself is a large computer," says Martin Fussenegger, lead researcher of the study. "Its metabolism has drawn on the computing power of trillions of cells since time immemorial. And in contrast to a technical supercomputer, this large computer needs just a slice of bread for energy."
Tapping into these natural processes to build logic circuits is a key goal of synthetic biology. In this case, the ETH Zurich team found a way to slot dual-core processors into human cells by first modifying the CRISPR gene-editing tool. Normally, this system uses guide RNA sequences to target specific DNA segments in the genome, then make precise edits. For this project though, the team created a special version of the Cas9 enzyme that can act as a processor.
This special Cas9 instead reads guide RNA as inputs, and in response expresses particular genes. That in turn creates certain proteins as the output. These processors act like digital half adders – essentially, they can compare two inputs or add two binary numbers, and deliver two outputs. To boost the computing power, the researchers managed to squeeze two processor cores into one cell.
In the long run, these dual-core cell computers could be stacked up by the billion to make powerful biocomputers for diagnosing and treating disease. For example, the team says they could look for biomarkers and respond by creating different therapeutic molecules, depending on whether one, the other or both biomarkers are present.
"Imagine a microtissue with billions of cells, each equipped with its own dual-core processor," says Fussenegger. "Such 'computational organs' could theoretically attain computing power that far outstrips that of a digital supercomputer – and using just a fraction of the energy."
The research was published in the journal PNAS.
Source: ETH Zurich | <urn:uuid:d1150912-21ea-4e01-8ffe-6c30f25e827d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newatlas.com/crispr-cell-computer/59336 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.932432 | 493 | 3.875 | 4 |
Photo Credit: Vladmax / istockphoto.com
IBS and Alcohol
IBS and alcohol don’t mix well. Alcohol affects the digestive tract in many ways, which can further aggravate the gut problems associated with IBS, and create even more symptoms.
As such, you should consume alcohol as little as possible, or even eliminate the alcoholic drinks completely.
How Alcohol Affects the Gut
Long-term abuse of alcohol affects the gut in so many ways. Alcohol irritates the stomach, leading to heartburn, inflammation and even bleeding. It also decreases the production of acid and therefore the ability of the stomach to destroy bacteria. As a result bacterial infections may occur in the stomach and spread in the small intestine.
Alcohol also interferes with the activity of the muscles surrounding the stomach and the small intestine, altering the mobility and the transit time of food through the gut. The longer the food stays in the gut, the more gas will accumulate, leading to bloating and abdominal discomfort.
Alcohol consumption also increases sensitivity to foods that have high sugar content, promoting loose bowel movements. It can also cause the nutrients from foods to be poorly absorbed and therefore malabsorbtion and malnutrition develop when alcohol in consumed in excess over a long period of time.
Furthermore, alcohol interferes with the activity of various enzymes that are crucial for gut function. One example is the enzyme lactase, which breaks down the milk sugar lactose. Thus alcohol promotes lactose intolerance, which is an already a problem in IBS sufferers.
Scientists discovered how alcohol affects the large intestine only recently. Alcohol alters the mobility of the large intestine. The food transit time decreases and diarrhea will eventually develop.
Other digestive problems linked with alcohol include nausea, vomiting, excessive gas and abdominal pain.
Drinking alcohol also aggravates stress and anxiety, which can trigger an IBS flare-up as well.
In conclusion, alcohol consumption can not only cause aggravation of IBS symptoms (i.e. bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain, food sensitivity) but also create new problems (like heartburn and poor absorption of nutrients). Therefore it would be beneficial to limit alcohol, and even better, avoid it completely.
Tips for Limiting or Eliminating Alcohol
If you go to a party or social event, you are more likely to consume an alcoholic drink. It may be a good idea to eat before going out, so you will have a full stomach and don’t feel the need to drink much.
If you decide to drink, eat along with having your drink. This way the alcohol will not irritate the stomach as much and will be absorbed in the body slower.
Avoid mixing drinks, whether it’s a mix of two alcoholic beverages or an alcoholic drink with a non-alcoholic one. Carbonated beverages can all trigger IBS symptoms, so choose wine over beer, and low alcohol content drinks over spirits.
If you have trouble limiting or eliminating alcohol from your diet, try cognitive behavioral therapy and support groups. Working with a professional can help achieve your goals and maintain an alcohol free lifestyle.
Keep a diary and note if there is any pattern in your alcohol consumption. Do you tend to drink more often when you are stressed or tired? Find an alternative to that drink – for example, go out for a walk, practice some stress management techniques (i.e. deep breathing, meditation) or listen to some music.
Exercise regularly and drink plenty of water. When you are well hydrated, you tend to crave fewer other drinks, including alcoholic drink. Try some yoga or tai chi, to stay active while relaxing your mind, too.
Think about the many benefits of eliminating alcohol from your life: you will have more money in your pocket, the food will taste better; you will have more energy, your skin will look younger, your body will be healthier and your mind will be happier. | <urn:uuid:4d694a5e-7e49-4b27-bf88-542e7d322651> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ibsliving.today/blog/ibs-and-drinking-alcohol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93005 | 806 | 2.0625 | 2 |
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The Final Wakeup Call
Today the Deep State/Cabal control all sides in the medical networks – the WHO, which they created from the start, the public protection agencies like the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the Centres for Disease control like Hospitals and Prevention; the Pharmaceutical cartel, the medical universities and the doctors’ organisations. With the ownership of the media they completely control the health game.
When a new disease emerges, the immune system eventually learns to identify the signature and deals with it. Ironically and not by accident, vaccines that are supposed to boost such protraction actually undermines the body’s defences by overwhelming them with the horrible toxic chemicals, DNA from animal’s tissue and aborted foetuses, and foreign proteins like either live or dead viruses and bacteria.
To think that babies and toddlers, with their immune defences still forming, are now given some 25 vaccines, including combinations, before the age of two. The Illuminati-controlled Big Pharma makes billions of dollars a year from vaccines and far more from the drugs for those who suffer from immune-system damage caused by vaccinations. The toxic cocktails called vaccines disrupt the brain genetic decoding system, which also is the case by administered pharmaceutical drugs with cause so-called side effect. These are not side effects at all they are purposely created effects. The bloodline families coldly target the immune system to destabilise the human body from the earliest possible age and this is a motivation behind the ideas of compulsory vaccination.
When people stay healthy they cannot sell them drugs and treatments, they only can sell these when people are sick. Homeopathic remedies are relatively inexpensive and available without prescription, before the cabal moved in, to replace them with drugs that require a doctor’s prescription. A system that virtually is a monopoly for doctors and Big Pharma.
All is about the condition of your immune system whether you stay healthy or fall victim. You easily can improve your infection resistance by drinking every day a glass fresh squeezed lemon 1/3 added with bottled mineral water 2/3. In the beginning add some additional mineral water to get used to the taste, until you’ll like it.
Population growth and eradication by drugs, food, and designed diseases
Today the cabal controls all sides in the medical networks through the WHO. Eight million people die every year from cancer worldwide – more than 500.000 in the USA. The prediction is twelve million by 2030. Cancer is the biggest cause of death for people under the age of 85 years, in the US is this one in four. By the day people’s freedom is further removed to protect them against this kind of terrorism, caused on purpose by the bloodline families through their Big Pharma, who refuse systemically to cure people – whilst cure is available and possible.
It was stated by Dr Richard Day (Rothschild Zionist) at the Rockefeller controlled eugenics organisation, Planned Parenthood, who told doctors in 1969, “We can cure almost every cancer right now. Information is on file in the Rockefeller institute, in the event is decided that it should be released.”
Day added, “letting people die of cancer or something else would slow down population growth.” He continued, “the plan was to control and cull the population through medicine, food, new-laboratory made diseases and the suppression of a cure for cancer.”
The DeepState-Global Mafia want people to suffer and die earlier
The bloodline families Illuminati or whatever they are called, they have no soul and that’s why they do what they do. Big Pharma has no desire to cure cancer when it is making unthinkable fortunes from treating the symptoms with devastating drugs and cell-killing, eventually killing people with chemotherapy treatments costing on average $ 500.000 per patient. The bloodline family want people to suffer and die earlier than necessary as a way of culling the population.
The immune system provides the body’s natural defences against disease; by destroying it, the Illuminati families can wipe out the population en masse. This is how the Illuminati families seek to instigate the mass-cull of the population – by dismantling the body’s immune system – the natural defence against disease. And what destroys the immune system even quicker and better?
That is chemotherapy and radiation. Poisons designed to kill cells – the cutting edge mainstream cancer treatment is poisoning the victim. It kills the cells in the immune system, while the Candida is still there. The devastated system is unable to respond effectively to the Candida and it takes over other parts of the body to start the process again, causing cancer to spread. Even patients who appear to have recovered after surgery and chemotherapy and have been given the all-clear sign are just ticking clocks. In other words, Chemotherapy is killing the people opposed to curing. It cannot, cure because chemo is poison that destroys life. So, the cancer industry is another fraud, nothing more than a well planned killing machine.
For example; Mammograms for woman are causing far more cancer than it prevents. Disgusting isn’t it? The Italian Dr Tullio Simoncini realised that cancer was a fungal infection; he found that sodium bicarbonate kills the fungus and consequently the cancer. Anti fungal drugs don’t work because the fungus quickly mutates to defend itself.
Alkaline has strong potency for treating cancer
Sodium bicarbonate is a powerful alkaline fungus destroyer, as the Candida cells cannot adapt to it. The patient is given a liquid form of sodium bicarbonate orally and if necessary through internal means like an endoscope. This allows the sodium bicarbonate to be placed directly on the cancer – the fungus – it actually is a alkaline of strong potency. Cancer cannot manifest in an alkaline environment – it kills the fungus.
The ancient Egyptians knew about the healing properties of anti-fungal substances and Indian books going back a thousand years actually recommend ‘alkaline of strong potency’ for treating cancer. The enormous increases in cancers have mirrored the ever-increasing acidity in the human diet; recommended is to have a PH blood test to know how acidic your body is.
More success followed and Simoncini presented his findings to the Italian Department of Health in the hope that they would begin scientifically approved trials to show that it worked. But instead he learned about the true scale of medical manipulation and deceit. The authorities not only ignored his documentation, he was expelled from the Italian Medical Order for prescribing cures that had not been approved. He was subjected to a vicious campaign of ridicule and condemnation by the pathetic media and then jailed for three years for causing ‘wrongful death’ to patients he had treated. From all angles the word was out – get Simoncini.
The medical establishment said that his claims about sodium bicarbonate were ‘crazy’ and ‘dangerous’. One ‘leading doctor’ even ludicrously referred to sodium bicarbonate as a ‘drug’. All the time millions of people were dying from cancers that could have been cured effectively. Thankfully Dr Tullio Simoncini is no quitter and he has continued to circulate his work on the Internet and in public talks.
Enzymes are proteins that ‘catalyse’ chemical reactions
Professor Gerry Potter of the Cancer Drug Discovery Group and Professor Dan Burke, discovered that Cancer cells have a unique ‘biomarker’ that normal cells don’t have, an enzyme called CYP1B1 (pronounced sip-one-bee-one). Enzymes are proteins that ‘catalyse’ (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. The CYP1B1 alters the chemical structure of something called salvestrols that are found naturally in many fruit and vegetables.
This bio-chemical turns the salvestrols into an agent that kills cancer cells, but does no harm to healthy cells. The synchronicity is perfect. The CYP1B1 enzyme appears only in cancer cells and it reacts with salvestrols in fruit and vegetables to create a chemical substance that kills only cancer cells.
But here’s the point with regard to cancer being a fungus. Salvestrols are the natural defence system in fruit and vegetables against fungal attacks and that’s why you only find them in those species subject to fungus damage, like strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, grapes, blackcurrants, redcurrant, blackberries, cranberries, apples, pears, green vegetables (especially broccoli and the cabbage family), artichokes, red and yellow peppers, avocados, watercress, asparagus and aubergines.
Big Pharma and Big Biotech undermine your natural defence
What’s more, the Big Pharma/Big Biotech cartels know all this and they have done two major things to undermine this natural defence from the fungal attack that is cancer. The chemical fungicide sprays used in modern farming kill fungus artificially and this means the plants and crops do not have to trigger their own defence – salvestrols. You only find them in any amount today in organically grown food.
The most widely used fungicides are very powerful blockers of CYP1B1 and so if you eat enough chemically-produced food it wouldn’t matter how many salvestrols you consumed they would not be activated into the cancer-destroying agent they are designed to be.
This is not by accident, but is a calculated design feature, as were, and are, the attempts by the establishment to destroy treatments originated by Dr Tullio Simoncini.
The bloodline families want people to die of cancer, not be cured of it. They are mentally and emotionally as sick as you can imagine and see humans as sheep and cattle. They don’t care how much distress, suffering and death their manipulation and suppression will cause – the more the better from their insane perspective. And that is what these people are – insane. Remember; Kissinger already said on February 25, 2009 in his speech to the WHO Council on Eugenics;
“Once the herd accepts mandatory vaccinations, it’s game over. They will accept anything – forcible blood or organ donation – ‘for the greater good’. We can genetically modify children and sterilise them — ‘for the greater good’. Control sheep minds and you control the herd. Vaccine makers stand to make billions. And many of you in this room are investors. It’s a big win-win. We thin out the herd and the herd pays us for extermination services….’”
But Dr Simoncini refuses to buckle and continues to campaign for what has seen is an effective treatment for cancer, while, in the ‘real’ world, the number of cancer deaths goes on rising incessantly because of treatments that don’t work based on assumptions that aren’t true. It is indeed a crazy, crazy society, but then, from the perspective of the bloodline families, it’s meant to be. Thank goodness for courageous and committed people like Dr Tullio Simoncini is healing from cancer possible.
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Stay informed and subscribe for free, with no hidden commercial interest, it is at our expense that you are kept informed via our FWC channels there is much more to come… | <urn:uuid:3330e6b8-cb47-433d-97e1-815a59c840d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sachbharat.org/2021/09/your-health-destroyed-final-wakeup-call.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948536 | 2,480 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Climate change and air pollution pose serious threats. Climate change effects, such as sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves, are now occurring. In California, while significant progress has been made, too many communities continue to experience asthma and other air-quality-related health issues. California continues its leadership in addressing climate change and air pollution. The state’s greenhouse gas (GHG) goals call for a 40 percent reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2030 and an 80 percent reduction by 2050 (Figure 1). Air quality goals include a 90 percent reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides from 2010 levels in some of the state’s most polluted areas by 2032. Meeting these ambitious clean energy and clean air goals requires fundamental changes over the next 12 years and beyond. | <urn:uuid:d3123940-02e4-4f33-a6df-25855953b50e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greenenergy.report/past-conferences/fossil-and-renewable-energy-2022-conference | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930277 | 159 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Ever heard of this drink similar to yogurt but with much more power in sense of live bacteria? It’s KEFIR! A traditional super food that you can easily make at home, save money and make it even more beneficial. How? Read on.
Milk kefir is a first step into the world of fermented foods for many people. Because it’s so similar to widespread yogurt, this seems like a logical step. Here we try to answer some common question you may have if you are just starting.
Do I need to invest in expensive equipment?
To make the milk kefir like it was traditionally made, you need some basic equipment. Jar with a lid and something to stir the kefir with that isn’t made of metal. During fermentation there is some gas created, which makes the kefir more bubbly. To make sure it can get out of the ferment and prevent bottle explosion, it’s good to enable airflow. Kefirko lids are made of two parts, so you can just open the top one and make this happen. By leaving it open just slightly you also prevent small insects to fly into the ferment.
What ingredients do I need to start making kefir?
Besides the equipment, you will also need ingredients. Milk and live cultures are all you need to start making milk kefir. Choosing the right milk can be somewhat tricky. The milk that you like to drink, have in you coffee or with cereals may not be perfect for the fermentation. You can choose from non-organic, organic, homogenised or raw milks. For best results, we recommend using full fat milk, this will create just the right thick consistency of your kefir. We would recommend experimenting until you find the milk that gives your kefir just the right texture and taste.
What about vegan alternative?
It’s possible to culture plant-based milks. They may work the same as dairy products. But sometimes the grains that you cultivate in regular milks need more time to start working in the plant based ones. Sometimes it’s even recommended to put the grains back into the animal based milk to feed them every few batches.
What environment is perfect for fermentation?
Temperature is an important factor in fermentation. Optimal temperature is around 22 °C, which is usually room temperature. If you have very warm environment, try moving the jar somewhere where it’s a bit cooler, a cupboard for example. On the other hand, if the environment is too cool it may take longer for kefir to ferment and the grains will not grow as fast.
How much of my time will this take?
Once you get used to preparing kefir, this will become a routine to you. You can take few minutes in the morning or during the day to strain the kefir, change the milk and that’s it. But with kefir, it’s important to change the milk every day, so your grains stay active and produce delicious kefir.
Can I take a break from making kefir?
Why would you want to do that? Well, you can stop the production for a short while and store the grains appropriately. You can read more about it here. It’s important that grains have enough food even when you are not using them and they slow down. But note, if you want all the benefits this fermented food offers, you need to be consistent and consume it daily.
Need more reasons to start making milk kefir at home? Browse other blog posts here or visit our learn center to get reassured. Don’t be afraid of DIY fermenting! It’s easy, cheaper and more satisfying to make your own healthy food! | <urn:uuid:40feef66-dae8-45f5-ba01-d643eb713a72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kefirko.com/blog/how-to/milk-kefir-a-beginners-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955017 | 784 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Whether you’ve recently had a change of financial circumstances or are interesting in purchasing a new car, thinking about your vehicle’s financial implications is a good idea that shouldn’t be avoided.
In this article, we’re going to introduce five tips to help you fit car ownership into your budget, no matter how much money you can afford to commit.
Do your research on cars
Cars have different speeds, features, and fuel economies. If you’re going to be savvy with your purchase, then you need to understand cars inside and out. With so much choice available on the market, it’s a smart choice to do your research and look for a car that suits our needs. Start by writing down a list of features that you expect from your vehicle, and write down why you need the vehicle so you can find the perfect car for your needs.
Compare used vs new
Most people instantly assume that buying a new car is more expensive than using one. However, there are always going to be hidden costs associated with used cars that you should keep in mind. First, there could be hidden fees that make the cost of a used car higher than you might expect. Additionally, you might find that older cars are more expensive to repair due to parts availability, and they might even suffer damage more easily and require more frequent maintenance. These things all contribute to the overall cost of a car and should be kept in mind before instantly deciding that used cars are better.
Shop around for insurance
You should also shop around for insurance to find the best auto insurance rates. Keep in mind that auto insurance costs will change from provider to provider, and there are plenty of ways to lower these costs if you understand how they’re calculated. Compare quotes and remember that different cars will cause your insurance costs to fluctuate, so do your research and look for ways to spend less on insurance while still getting sufficient protection.
Practice safe driving
The last thing you want is to crash and ruin your vehicle. Not only will it put your health at risk, but it will also force you to pay more for maintenance and repairs. Drive safe and you’ll find that you can keep your car in good condition and save a lot of money and prevent frustration.
Consider buying an older car
Older cars may be cheaper or more expensive to insure depending on their model. Some older cars are less reliable, meaning they’ll incur higher insurance costs. However, the overall cost of the vehicle might be low enough that it works out cheaper in the end. This is a good tactic especially if you’re a new driver that needs to build up a driving record to get lower insurance premiums. It’s usually not a good idea (unless you have a lot of money, of course) to purchase an expensive car as a new driver because insurance companies will raise your premiums to account for you being a relatively inexperienced driver. | <urn:uuid:efb4c0a6-fb3f-4506-b2c7-809cdc919737> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reviewingforyou.com/category/budget/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.965778 | 607 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
Belongs to Publisher Series
Winkler Weltliteratur Dünndruckausgabe (Brüder Grimm)
Is contained in
Is abridged in
Has as a reference guide/companion
Has as a commentary on the text
More than 200 tales by the Brothers Grimm.
No library descriptions found.
Melvil Decimal System (DDC)398.20943 — Social sciences Customs, Etiquette, Folklore Folklore Folk literature History, geographic treatment, biography European folktales Folklore from Germany & Central Europe
Is this you?
Become a LibraryThing Author. | <urn:uuid:0e49f628-79b3-449f-97af-3d2deca09aca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.librarything.com/work/1455755 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.730962 | 182 | 2.015625 | 2 |
HEALTH WARNING: I stand by this answer, but I can find no dictionary online pedagogical website which confirms it. Not does the one offering examples from literature, other than one from Beowolf. However, I offer this view, for what it is worth.
Yes, the two adjectives are (and must be) in apposition to the subject. No, they are not misplaced: the (call it) displacement is literary. The adjectives are delayed to give a particular weight and mood to them, as if the old man they describe has become like the lichen-encrusted, lonely rocks among which he lives. But the writer achieves this with powerful economy by the delay of these adjectives. You might get away with it in a speech, if you were making an impassioned (and so poetic) appeal for the man's rescue. But it would not be expected for instructions to the helicopter pilots sent to retrieve him, or a factual report.
Your question is therefore interesting, in raising a question about why so many definitions and the associated examples seem confined to cases where the appositives are actually adjacent to their noun, giving rise to this apparent (but, I am claiming, incomplete) rule. | <urn:uuid:64508ea5-4c21-4abd-9487-91fbdc3c3243> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/520911/is-this-appositive-adjective-a-misplaced-modifier-e-g-he-lived-on-the-edge-of | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962368 | 251 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Each year, it’s estimated that tens of thousands of people die in hospitals as a result of medical errors and avoidable infections. These preventable events not only result in the tragic loss of life, but cost the nation’s hospitals billions of dollars annually and lead to patients losing trust in the health care system.
Seeing this huge number of patients harmed year after year, Dr. Paul McGann, Jean Moody-Williams and Dennis Wagner created a unique public-private sector initiative at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to increase patient safety and reduce readmissions to U.S. hospitals.
The results have been extraordinary.
“There has been an unprecedented 39 percent reduction in preventable patient harm in U.S. hospitals compared to the 2010 baseline. Their performance has resulted in 2.1 million fewer patients harmed, 87,000 lives saved and nearly $20 billion in cost-savings,” said Patrick Conway, CMS acting principal deputy administrator and chief medical officer.
“I have been working in the field of quality improvement in and out of government for 20 years, and I have never seen this level of results,” Conway added.
To make hospital care safer, more reliable and less costly, McGann and Wagner recognized they would need to create a national collaborative of diverse public-private sector partners, including physicians, nurses, hospitals, employers, patients and their advocates.
Launched in 2011, the Partnership for Patients initiative had two goals: decrease preventable hospital-acquired conditions by 40 percent and decrease hospital readmissions by 20 percent. To track the success of this effort, McGann and Wagner used as a starting point the estimate of deaths and excess health care costs established by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in 2010.
The Partnership for Patients identified nine hospital-acquired conditions that were responsible for more than 50 percent of all needless injuries and deaths. These conditions included adverse drug events, catheter-associated urinary-tract infections, pressure ulcers and surgical-site infections, among others.
Prior to the initiative, hospital-acquired conditions were hard to measure and interventions typically focused on only one preventable harm at a time, such as reducing falls. The initiative “brought disparate pieces into one measurement for the first time,” McGann said. “We had to think of patient safety as a single hospital system issue.”
“These front-line caregivers got into the health care business because they want to give good care,” Wagner said. “A big part of our work is unleashing their talent, helping them to transform their own work and helping institutions provide the care that they want to deliver.”
The four-year effort involved 3,700 hospitals, representing 80 percent of the U.S. population. To help them make progress, McGann and Wagner identified high-performing hospitals and shared with other participants how they were able to achieve a dramatic reduction in a specific harm, such as medication errors.
“This was our special sauce,” McGann said.
For the first time, the views of the patients and families also were integrated into all aspects of the initiative.
“Dennis and Paul put a structure in place that engaged people to make them feel like they were part of a movement. You would go the Partnership for Patient meetings, and it felt like a revival,” said Kate Goodrich, director of the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at CMS.
“Hospitals were not hearing from the government, but from each other on how to improve, and for the first time ever, this actually happened at national scale across multiple issues affecting patient safety,” Goodrich said.”
To achieve the goal of reducing hospital readmissions by 20 percent, McGann and Wagner turned to Moody-Williams, who led the Quality Improvement Organization program, one of the largest federal initiatives dedicated to improving health quality for Medicare beneficiaries.
Moody-Williams implemented solutions to improve care for patients as they transition from one health care provider or setting to another. This required collaboration and communication among patients, health-care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, patient caregivers and social service providers to share both good and poor results.
“You are asking health care systems and hospitals, which are normally competitors, to share vulnerabilities,” Moody-Williams said. “It took a lot of work for them to share where they were struggling.”
Goodrich credits McGann, Moody-Williams and Wagner for changing the culture at the majority of the nation’s hospitals.
“We have proven that these patient harms don’t have to occur,” she said. “It’s truly transformative work for the country.” | <urn:uuid:5c7be174-c825-46e2-94bf-159930ad6603> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://servicetoamericamedals.org/honorees/paul-mcgann-jean-d-moody-williams-and-dennis-wagner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960674 | 981 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Meetings have become so common at offices these days that hardly a day passes without having one.
They are used to keep everyone on the same page by sharing information and discussing key objectives or projects.
But are all meetings productive, necessary, and satisfying?
Almost 30% of an employee's time at work is spent in meetings. And these meetings are usually unproductive.
It has been estimated that ineffective and unproductive meetings cost United States businesses over $37 billion every year. That's huge!
Generally, meetings involve many people who, in the first place, shouldn't be there and should be working on other important tasks. Less productive meetings end up doing more harm than good to the company.
It is imperative to conduct meetings more effectively as the organizations grow and get bigger. Any meeting can eat up a massive chunk of the productive time from an employee's working hours, causing other important deadlines to suffer.
To solve this problem, Tesla Founder Elon Musk has jotted down these three simple rules:
- No large meetings.
- If you're not adding value to a meeting, leave.
- No frequent meetings.
These are some excellent and fair points companies can draw inspiration from. To make it even better, companies can audit their current meeting schedules and make further changes.
Why are Meetings Important?
There is no denying that we need meetings to discuss and conquer the bigger challenges of the company. Not every meeting is a waste of time but not all meetings are productive either. Some of the meetings are necessary to ensure that different departments and organizations remain in sync.
The main goal is to make sure all meetings are necessary and should help with bigger goals.
Here are some good points that are necessary to hold meetings:
- Meetings keep the organization on track. For example, meetings can help delegate tasks and duties more effectively as everyone can have discussions regarding the same. Everyone remains informed on how much they are contributing to the bigger picture of the project.
- The meeting brings together people from all kinds of experience, which helps better brainstorm ideas and gather several creative points. It also brings people together as a better team.
- Team meetings provide learnings for the entire organization, which further helps everyone think more clearly about their tasks and become more confident in decision-making.
- Projects require multiple teams to collaborate, and for critical decision-making, teams must come together to make an informed decision. Meetings like these are not generally held very frequently and provide a very high result for the business.
Useful Tips on How to Lead an Effective Meeting
It's clear that meetings aren't the main culprit; it's the way we do them. We can make our existing structure of holding meetings more productive and satisfying for everyone if we can identify the problems in our current method of conducting meetings.
Here are tips for leading a meeting effectively:
1. As per MIT Sloan School of Management, "People don't often think about who needs to be at the meeting." So before sending a meeting invite to many people, think carefully about who on the list will add more value and who does not need to be there.
2. Start the meeting with an attention-getter that kicks in everyone to have more engagement. Always start with what is in it for them to immerse the participants in the meeting. Make sure it's short, concise, and doesn't waste a lot of their time.
3. State the objective clearly to all the participants before every meeting. When we know what to say when leading a meeting, everyone can come prepared. This has other benefits as well, like better engagement, shorter meeting time, a precise talking point, etc.
4. Reduce the frequency of meetings. Always ask how urgent the need for the meeting is. It will also increase the value of other meetings you end up having.
5. Keep the meetings short and straightforward if it involves too many participants. Try to trim down the meeting size to must-have attendees. This will help other people to focus on more productive work.
6. Start with keeping in mind that every participant should be clear about what you are trying to conclude at the end of the meeting. For example: starting with phrases like “At the end of the meeting we would be having….” or “At the end of this meeting we will decide….” will help you achieve this.
7. Meeting notes can be automated with technology. This will help and encourage everyone to have engaging discussions rather than wanting them to take notes individually.
8. Try scheduling meetings in advance as different people might already have their time slots blocked for other tasks. It also helps the participants be mentally prepared before joining meetings and does not create any chaos with their current schedule.
9. Always conclude the meeting after discussing it with every participant.
10. Make sure everyone in the meeting plays a role or adds value to the topic unless it's a large meeting. This helps every participant come prepared for the discussion and walk out feeling that their ideas are heard. It also improves future meeting contributions from the employees as well.
11. Start and end meetings on time. By adhering to this rule, meetings will be focused more on the end goal and help in avoiding useless chatting or discussions.
12. Before scheduling any meeting, consider these two things: a. Does it have a clear agenda? b. Can't it be easily avoided? If the answer to both the questions is no, you can use any other communication tool to inform the employees.
13. Meetings help in uncovering valuable insights and knowledge. To make sure you can recall everything, try using AI Assistants for Meetings like FireFlies which can help you record, transcribe and search content across your conversations.
The best part is it can be integrated into your current communication software like Zoom, Hubspot, Zoho, etc. We will explore in-depth in our future posts how it can boost your meeting productivity by a huge margin.
14. In most of the meetings, time is wasted flipping through PowerPoint slides. It is a clear sign that the meeting is not effective. A meeting should be short and precise enough to present the insight and get the discussion going with everyone. If it takes most of the time for one person to explain every slide, then it's not going to help anyone come to any conclusion.
15. Meeting organizers should always pay attention to where the discussion is heading and make corrections to keep it on track with the agenda.
16. Making everyone understand the "why" of the business goal can clear participants' thought processes in each meeting.
17. As many meetings happen online these days, companies need to follow effective video conferencing tips like establishing visual cues for contribution, limiting multitasking, better notes taking mechanisms in place like a note-taking assistant such as FireFlies AI assistant Fred.
By keeping effective meeting practices in place, businesses can enhance employee productivity and have more fruitful outcomes from meetings
We have already discussed in depth how the concept of remote work and its many benefits will revolutionize the corporate culture. With more and more people opting for remote work options, it becomes imperative for companies to devise or come up with ways to conduct and record meetings effectively.
Here at FireFlies, we have an incredibly talented and dynamic bunch of employees scattered all across the globe. To touch bases and sync with the company objectives, we use our very own AI Assistant Fred to record and get automatic transcription for every meeting held.
Fred has helped us in countless meetings so far. We are no longer required to keep minutes of meetings as we can search for whatever we want to in the notes transcribed for us by Fred. This way, we can focus solely on the talking points without worrying about record keeping.
These transcribed meeting notes come in handy when anyone is working on a project and wants to return to the original briefing. Transcribing calls has never been easier. For optimum user utilization, we even have a Google Chrome extension and an Outlook add-in. | <urn:uuid:2ae1e5fb-1a98-4042-b2cf-dc609c62a30f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fireflies.ai/blog/tips-for-leading-a-meeting-effectively/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951739 | 1,650 | 2.421875 | 2 |
- High net worth individuals, families, family offices, and foundations plan to increase their allocation to impact investing from 20 per cent of their portfolios in 2019 to 35 per cent by 2025.
- A quarter (27 per cent) of all investors expect to move to more than 50 per cent invested for impact within five years.
- Nine-in-10 (87 per cent) investors say climate change influences their investment choices, while over half (52 per cent) view climate change as the greatest threat to the world.
- Seven-in-10 (69 per cent) say COVID-19 has affected their views of investing and the economy, while 66 per cent say that it is likely to broaden their risk assessment to include more environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
A new research report launched by Campden Wealth, Global Impact Solutions Today (GIST), and Barclays Private Bank reveals the growth in leading private wealth holders and family offices investing for positive social and environment impact, with the average portfolio allocation set to almost double, increasing from 20 per cent in 2019 to 35 per cent by 2025.
Investing for Global Impact: A Power for Good, now in its seventh year, provides unique insight into the attitudes and actions of a sample of the world’s wealthiest individuals, families, family offices, and their foundations when it comes to generating positive impact with their capital. As a leading global benchmark for those interested in impact investing and philanthropy, data for this study was collected from over 300 respondents from 41 countries, with an average net worth of $876 million and cumulative net worth estimated at $264 billion. Additionally, case studies with prominent investors and philanthropists also feature in the report.
Private wealth holders are increasingly engaging in impact investing
The proportion of the wealthy investors allocating more than 20 per cent of their portfolio to impact investing is expected to increase from 27 per cent to 39 per cent as soon as next year, and a quarter (27 per cent) are predicting to allocate more than 50 per cent within five years from now. As such, the average portfolio allocation to impact investing amongst these investors is expected to increase from 20 per cent in 2019 to 35 per cent by 2025.
Driving this uplift is the belief of two-in-five respondents (38 per cent) that they have a responsibility to make the world a better place. A quarter (24 per cent) believe that this approach will lead to better returns and risk profiles, and 26 per cent are looking to show that family wealth can create positive outcomes around the world.
Climate change considered the greatest threat to the world
The majority of investors (82 per cent) feel a responsibility to support global social and environmental initiatives. Specifically, just over half (52 per cent) believe that the long-term impacts of climate change pose the greatest threat to the world, and roughly four-in-five (83 per cent) are already concerned with the effects of climate change seen globally. These concerns mean that nine-in-10 (87 per cent) say that climate change plays a part in their investment choices.
While just over half (53 per cent) of these wealthy investors say Europe is leading the world in carbon neutral initiatives, 86 per cent want governments to do more, but at the same time, four-in-five (81 per cent) recognise the role of private capital in addressing climate change. With this in mind, two-in-five (39 per cent) would like to know the carbon footprint of their portfolio to inform their investing, while roughly one-in-five (19 per cent) already have this information.
Of those who do know their carbon footprint data, 13 per cent consider it as they make further investments and 9 per cent use it to actively reduce it towards a target, showing that more information around carbon emissions helps create greater positive impact.
COVID-19 is acting as a ‘wake-up call’ and driving interest in sustainable investing
COVID-19 has made individuals increasingly aware of the world around them, with seven-in-10 (69 per cent) respondents saying that it has affected their views of investing and the economy. Nearly half (49 per cent) believe that investing will not return to ‘normal’, even after the crisis subsides, and one-in-five (22 per cent) think that the impact investing market is about to ‘take off’.
In a sign that the implications for impact investing will be long lasting, two-thirds (66 per cent) say that they are likely to broaden their risk assessment to include more ESG factors, while 64 per cent insist that the crisis will force a deeper reconsideration of shareholder capitalism, and 69 per cent agree that how companies behave during the crisis will determine their investment attractiveness afterwards.
Healthcare ranked the second most popular impact sector, and a notable 84 per cent say that they plan to increase their investment to healthcare over the coming year, a proportion that outstrips all others.
Dr. Rebecca Gooch, Director of Research at Campden Wealth:
“Globally, over $30 trillion is now being invested sustainably and this trend towards responsible investment is catching on rapidly within the private wealth community. A notable proportion of wealth holders are now engaged and there are expectations, particularly since COVID-19, for a considerable hike in their investment over the coming years.
“Wealth holders see the challenging state of the world, and the risks and vulnerabilities both individuals and businesses face due to COVID-19 and climate change, and they want to act. Here is where smart investment and deep pockets can make a real difference in impact and ESG investment. For many, responsible investing is not only the ethical thing to do, but it is simply good business practice.”
Gamil de Chadarevian, Founder, Global Impact Solutions Today (GIST)
“There has never been a better time to fast-track investment for sustainable progress and smart innovation to generate profound impact for people and planet.
“We launched the report to catalyse and accelerate this transformation by serving as the leading knowledge platform to broaden understanding, identify trends, and provide a ‘peer-to-peer’ benchmark for investors in the field.”
Damian Payiatakis, Head of Sustainable and Impact Investing, Barclays Private Bank:
“Investors are being challenged to safely pilot their family’s lives and their portfolios through the disruptions of 2020, and it means they are having more discussions about the future – how their family’s wealth can reflect more of their values and the role they want to play in society.
“Families are considering the impact of their capital and then increasingly taking action, by allocating more towards solving our urgent global societal and environmental issues. We see that investors wanting to make this shift are looking for guidance to navigate the rapidly evolving field and to access high-quality opportunities that can deliver financially and with positive outcomes.” | <urn:uuid:040f6280-9d9f-41af-adcd-97ea7637e4b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalbankingandfinance.com/global-private-wealth-holders-set-to-almost-double-impact-investing-allocation-over-next-five-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951682 | 1,445 | 1.8125 | 2 |
"Clairbourn Changed Me"
The most important thing I've learned at Clairbourn is to work hard and to keep walking the road. I came here with a bad education and no interest in academics at all. I didn’t know what to do, but Clairbourn changed that for me. I started with slow progress, studied harder, and eventually started getting A's as time went on.
I've also learned that every failure is another chance to improve. I had to learn to keep going and not let failures make me give up or slow me down. By my 8th-grade year, my hard-work had paid off. I was on the Honor Roll and I also had a great sports year as the Football MVP and a participant in four sports. As Dwayne Johnson says “Success isn't always about greatness. Consistent hard work leads to success. Greatness will come.“
I am grateful for many things. I am grateful for my parents for always supporting me and pushing me to work harder. I am grateful for my sister and brother for being great siblings. I am grateful for my friends for putting a smile on my face and for being such great friends that I count them as brothers. I am grateful for my great teachers who taught me well, and I am grateful to go to a great school. | <urn:uuid:7243f9f9-3e9b-48f4-946f-51214cd56d7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clairbourn.org/list-detail?pk=174206&fromId=243504 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.987017 | 286 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Humax is avaible in two form, Humax (P) is a 100 % water soluble humic acid in flex form. Humax (L) is 12 % solution of humic acid used for soil application throught drenching. It act as a soil conditioner. It increase cation exchange capacity of soil. It helps to increase white root development and better seed germination. It improves nutrient uptake. It helps to increase white root development and better seed germination. It improves nutrient uptake. It helps to increase chlorophyll synthesis. It stimulate beneficial microbial activity and increase crop yeild and quality.
Dose :- Soil application - Humax (L) - 1-2 ltr per acre mixing with fertilizer or through drip irrigation. Humax (P) : 500 gm to 1 kg mixing with fertilizer or through drip irrigation.
Packing :- Humax (L) : 1 ltr & 5 ltr. Humax (P) : 500 gm & 1 Kg
Silifert is made up of natural calcium silicate, which provides silicon in natural form to the plant. Silifert helps to stimulate plant growth, resist to biotic and abiotic stress. It is a two in one fertilizer, improve crop's yeild and acheive long term fertigation of soil. It is also provided with humic acid which act as a soil conditioner. To improve the performance and solubilization of silicon to market it in a plant available form, we have provided silicon solubilizing bacteria (S.S.B) with it.
Dose :- Soil application : Silifert 5 kg per acre thrice in a year by mixing with fertilizer or through drip irrigation. Silicon 25 Kg per acre twice in a year by mixing with fertilizer or through drip irrigation..
Packing :- 5 Kg bag and 25 kg bag/drum.
PAS-95 is a plant available silicon. It acts as a natural fungicide, it helps build the plants defense from attacks by insects, fungi, PAS-95 helps the plant growth by depositing itself epidermal cell walls, enhancing the plant's ability to keep the leaves pointed towards light source. It also increases the stem strength, making it easier to hold up more weight. as the plant builds itself up with silisic acid, it helps with balancing nutirent uptake and distribution, and increased concentration of chlorophyll and in leaves. PAS-95 will be used as abroad spectrum, preventative Insectiside with optimum control obtained when used under a scheduled prevenyive spray program.
Dose :- 1 ml/litre of water.
Package :- 1 ltr. & 5 ltr.
Bio-80 is silicon based nonionic spreader sticker & activator. Bio-80 is quality spreading and sticking agent highly useful for increase efficiency of insecticides/Fungicides/Plant growth regulators when usedith combinations. It improves distribution of chemicals. Increase fluidity, wetting power, adhensive power. Enhances permeation inmto leaf membrane & prevent wasteful runoff of chemical pesticide, growth regulator.
Dose :- 3-5 ml/15 litre of water.
Packing :- 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 ltr.
Koat-x is the Water soluble Silicon, and in formulation, is readily absorbed by the plant.Koat-x is a natural Miticide, Insecticide, fungicide; it helps build the plants defense from attacks by insects, fungi. Koat-x helps the plant growth by depositing itself epidermal cell walls, enhancing the plant's ability to keep the leaves pointed towards the light source. It also increases the stem strength, making it easier to hold up more weight. As the plant builds itself up with silicic acid, it helps with balancing nutrient uptake and distribution, and increased concentration of chlorophyll and in leaves.
It is approved for use on agricultural crops, Bajra, Wheat, Rubber, Black pepper, Cardamom, Areca nut, fruits, nuts, vines, turf and ornamentals.
Use:- Do not apply during flowering.
Application :- Foliar : 1.5-2 ml per litre of water.
Packing :- Available in 1 litre, 5 litre.
Cane gold is a sugar cane special product which is a special composition of Seaweed extract, Fulvic Acid, Amino Acids and Proteins that provided superior growth and overall development of the Sugarcane Crop. This unique formulation is designed to provide Sugarcane crop with all essential nutrients and acts as a complete nutrition package. Cane gold promotes overall growth of the plant. Cane gold replenishes nutrition, promotes balanced growth, and increases size. Cane gold increases plant’s resistance to stress. It ensure better yields, top quality crops of desirable size, as well as providing longer shelf life following harvest.
Application :- 2-3 ml per litre of water for foliar spray.
Packing :- 1 litre,500 ml.
Silicon is one of the most abundant element in the earth, most of them are in inert form and cannot be taken up by the plants directly. Generally soil contains silicon in the form of quartz and silicates which are insoluble and not in a plant/bioavailable form. Plants can absorb silicon only in the form of Orthosilicic acid (OSA). OSA is water soluble and is the only biologically active form of silica. OSA is taken up by the plants in very low concentrations but that concentrations have very important effect on plant growth.
Orthosilicic Acid is absorbed by the plants, benefiting the plant in terms of growth and resistance to disease and environmental stresses. OSA also has a significant effect on soil texture, water holding capacity, adsorption capacity, and soil erosion stability.
Recommendation:Orthosilicic Acid 2% - 1.5 ml per litre of water
Packing: 1 litre. | <urn:uuid:817f2239-b451-44d4-872b-5dc58db13243> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://khandelwalbiofertilizer.net/plant_growth_promoter.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.907355 | 1,257 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Disney+ star and YayDay Paper Co. founder, Amber Kemp-Gerstel on How to Save Kids Art Work!
We love our kids’ artwork, but let’s be honest, the school folders start to get out of hand by this time of the year. What should we keep, toss, and for those treasured pieces we want to showcase, what are the best ways to showcase our little ones’ talents. Bt what to do with it? We touched base with Disney+ star and YayDay Paper Co. founder Amber Kemp-Gerstel. Amber loves DIY; just check out her IG; it is full of crafty creative projects, from sewing up a designer-inspired bag to partnering with family-favorite juice brand Juicy Juice to share some easy and fun crafts to get kids excited for the season.
Psst.. check out the Best Car Seats for New York City 2022
Kids have been back at school for four months now, and so are the work pages and artwork. Most parents, including myself, hate to throw out kids some of their schoolwork and artwork. How do you decide what to keep? What are some crafty tips on saving the work that makes the parent edit?
- When your kiddos come home from school with handmade projects, it can be tough to toss them into the trash. Afterall, they made it with their own little hands! Eventually, you end up with a drawer filled with projects and there just isn’t enough room to keep everything. Thankfully, there are some creative ways to preserve those creative memories and conquer the pressure to save every single thing.
- Ask for your child’s input! You’ll be surprised how many projects they’re happy to discard. They don’t always have a strong emotional attachment to those projects and they can easily let you know which ones they can say goodbye to. Additionally, you’ll learn a lot through this process about which projects do have a special place in your child’s heart, and those creations will, in turn, become even more special to you!
- Make a memory book! Once you’ve decided which projects are special and worth keeping, use a large 3-ring binder to save them. In our home, we like to use a binder for each school year. Inside the binder, I insert a bunch of page protector pockets, then slide each project into the pocket. When you’re done, you have a fun way to flip through all those projects.
- Outsource it! Life gets busy and it’s okay to enlist a little help sometimes. There are several apps and websites that offer services to memorialize your child’s artwork into a professional book. Services like Artkive or Plum Print are awesome resources for saving those special handmade creations.
Can you share creative tips to showcase kids’ artwork?
I think the easiest way to do that is to provide seasonal or themed craft ideas that can be repurposed as holiday décor. For example, decorated pinecones could be strung into a festive holiday garland that becomes a staple in your holiday decoration collection. For example, this Lucky Leprechaun Trap or this Valentine’s Day Kaleidoscope could become staples for the upcoming winter/spring holidays. Some of my favorite holiday decorations that we use year after year were handmade by my son. It’s also a fun way to get into the holiday spirit, whichever holiday that may be, and spend some quality time with your little one.
Is it okay to recycle your kid’s artwork? Are there ways to creatively do this?
Artwork itself may be difficult to recycle, but you can certainly create more sustainable artwork by using upcycled items from around your house. My son loves Juicy Juice, so we always have extra bottles and juice boxes around the house, so we use those, along with other items we already have around home, for crafts! It’s as simple as putting some paint, construction paper and/or googly eyes on an item to give it new life. Some of our favorites are these Tissue Box Dinosaur Feet, this Bottle Bird Feeder and Bottle Planter. | <urn:uuid:15c25fd5-8e5a-411a-9ff1-4bc3eb36c580> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newyorkfamily.com/tips-on-how-to-save-kids-art-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950065 | 878 | 1.65625 | 2 |
While the number of organ donations after circulatory death (DCD) continues to grow in the United States and worldwide, it is yet to be accepted universally as a viable option to serve patients on the waiting list. Donation after circulatory death was the topic of the 7th Innovations in Transplant Summit, hosted April 22 and 23 by Baylor University Medical Center (Baylor Dallas), part of Baylor Scott & White Health.
Baylor Dallas and Baylor Scott & White All Saints Medical Center – Fort Worth have increased the use of DCD organs for transplantation and do more than other transplant centers in the area, expanding the organ pool for patients on the waiting list. The summit was convened to identify and share best practices on all aspects of organ donation after circulatory death, including logistics, outcomes, innovations and ethical challenges.
“We believe DCD organs are the number-one underutilized source of organs for patients in need of transplant,” says Giuliano Testa, MD, MBA, FACS, chairman of Baylor Scott & WhiteAnnette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute and chief of abdominal transplant. “We have been paving the way for DCD utilization throughout the transplant community in Texas and beyond. We hope the conversations held among the experts at this conference will gradually convince our colleagues to expand DCD donation.”
Despite the hesitancy of some in the transplant community, there are now several centers in the United States that will accept hearts and lungs from DCD donors. Normothermic regional perfusion, which utilizes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology, allows for in situ perfusion of the heart and other organs. Other centers use external machine perfusion after rapid recovery of the heart.
“At Baylor Dallas, we have a multidisciplinary team that includes thoracic surgeons, abdominal surgeons, ICU and OR staff, as well as the ECMO team,” saysDr. Testa. “This awesome team allows us to utilize normothermic regional perfusion for any potential DCD donor at our facility. Some may be full donors, i.e., heart, lung, liver and kidney, while others may be abdominal-only donors.”
Kidney and liver transplants from DCD donors do have challenges. With kidneys, there is an increased rate of delayed graft function. Some patients will need dialysis after transplant for a period of time before the kidney starts to function. For livers, the main issue is a higher rate of bile duct complications, specifically ischemic cholangiopathy. A subset of patients who develop this complication will require retransplant.
Another challenge is the higher costs of performing DCD transplant. Many times, surgeons will go out to retrieve an organ, but the patient does not die in a time frame that is acceptable to use the organ for transplant. According to Dr. Testa, only 30 percent of potential DCD donors progress to death in the acceptable time period for liver recovery, which is 30 minutes. More are able to donate kidneys, which have a 90-minute window.
Discussions at the conference also involved the ethical considerations of DCD donation. “At the foundation of DCD donation is how we pronounce death and how we understand death in these patients, which is different from a donor with brain death,” Dr. Testa says. “While these are an enormous source of organs that are completely under-utilized today, we want to make sure we truly do the right thing in the pronouncement of death.”
A paper covering the issues discussed during the two-day conference will be published in Transplantation at a later date. | <urn:uuid:7bdaf1d4-6cff-47ec-ad2e-0efe3f1dc721> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.bswhealth.med/simmons-transplant-institute-hosts-conference-on-donation-after-circulatory-death/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929332 | 759 | 1.875 | 2 |
Visible Thinking in the Museum
Date: Wednesday 20 October 2021
Price: Free, booking essential
Peter Mahony has been leading the Powerhouse’s Education and Digital Learning Team for 26 years. Join us to draw on his wealth of knowledge and experience in this webinar. Each year, Peter’s team engages with hundreds of school groups in onsite and offsite learning and engages with the Museum’s collection through authentic and immersive learning experiences in Science, Technology and Design.
To scaffold learning within the museum context, the Education team is encouraged to practice and engage with visible thinking strategies. Visible thinking strategies are aimed to encourage creative and critical thinking routines and were developed across a number of research projects at the Harvard University Graduate School of Education’s Project Zero. Visible Thinking strategies are a set of questions or a brief sequence of steps used to scaffold and support student thinking.
In this webinar hear how you can successfully use Visible Thinking Strategies for any of your programs or engagements with individual visitors or school groups to create an interactive and long-lasting learning experience.
The 30-minute online talk will be followed by a Q & A session.
Images: Students from Macquarie Fields High School in ICONS exhibition. Girls looking at Enigma code machine in showcase
MAAS acknowledges Australia’s First Nations Peoples as the Traditional Owners and Custodians of the land and gives respect to the Elders – past and present – and through them to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. | <urn:uuid:fc80b713-1fce-432a-b27d-9cb72b77d855> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tooraktimes.com.au/regional-webinar-visible-thinking-in-the-museum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91255 | 335 | 2.640625 | 3 |
[Ipe-discuss] N marks uniformly sampled on a circle ?
sloriot.ml at gmail.com
Sun Mar 27 15:06:48 CEST 2022
For the ipelet, could you share the file so that I can try to reproduce?
Or even better, open an issue in the CGAL tracker.
On 3/15/22 12:21, Pierre Alliez via Ipe-discuss wrote:
> dear colleagues,
> I was unable to find an easy way to automatically sample marks on a
> circle, uniformly. I found the ipelet regular N-gon in the goodies, but
> then need to add the marks manually. my goal is then to compute the
> Delaunay triangulation of all points sampled on concentric circles
> (image below).
> separate issue: the Delaunay ipelet crashes on windows if I do not add
> as marks the 4 corners of the bounding box below.
> any advice would be appreciated,
> Pierre Alliez
> Head of science, team leader
> Inria Centre at Université Côte d'Azur
> Editor in Chief, Computer Graphics Forum
More information about the Ipe-discuss | <urn:uuid:5cf0d436-452e-4fd5-beb0-97251e173b37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mailman.science.uu.nl/pipermail/ipe-discuss/2022-March/002233.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.786172 | 324 | 1.5 | 2 |
Stories of murderous carp have been a part of the Dwarf Fortress lore ever since they were introduced. Here are just a few of those stories:
I just recently started playing the 40d version. There weren’t any carp in the version I used to play years ago. I thought the claims of murderous carp decimating dwarves were exaggerated, until I lost my entire embark party to a single carp…
Once I lost my seven dwarves to a river full of carp and immediately reclaimed. The game gave me 70 dwarves. It turned out that even they weren’t enough.
Do not underestimate these foul riparian beasts!
I remember this one carp, that had killed over 100 dwarves, by sitting in a pond and eating them while they passed to get their pig tail sock. It got to the point where I was sending out my whole army, only to have them pulled in and drowned. In retrospect, my mistake was not using crossbow dwarves, but still. In the end, I decided to boot up the companion, overpower a dwarf, give him 100 swimming, strip him, throw him in, and let them do battle. THAT is the only way to injure a carp.
I lost my first fortress to carp.
They killed a hunter who was walking around. Then they killed the peasant who came to claim his garb. Then they gravely wounded the next peasant. At this point I’d finally figured out what was happening, so I made their items forbidden and cut my losses.
Except that I hadn’t dug a well yet. Dwarves kept coming to the river for water to treat the injured peasant and ended up dying or getting seriously hurt, which in turn caused more dwarves to get more water and… you see where this is going. I didn’t figure out how to make zones until it was far too late, and the resulting tantrum spiral caused my dwarves to descend to a level of barbarism that played out much like Bioshock under the Mountain.
So I guess the lesson is to build wells and flee from the terrifying carp.
I literally stopped playing the game for a year due to the unkillable supercarp in every source of water available. They swam in the channels I dug, they muscled their way through the grates, and they killed my dwarves dead with their giant carpy teeth (thus polluting the drinkable water).
At some point it got so bad that in order to get fresh water, the dwarves had to go a bit upriver. Then they got devoured by carp there, thus polluting the water.
So they had to go a bit more upriver to get fresh water (ignoring the pond I built and closed off with an actual floodgate this time; I’m still not sure why they ignored it); at which point they got killed by a carp, thus … I’m sure you can see where this is going.
At that point, the strewn out chain of dwarves trying to get past the waterlogged corpses to fresh water was attacked by goblins and hacked to pieces. It was one of the most ridiculous chains of events I’ve ever experienced.
My dwarves worked vigorously for years on an impressive underground canal system unmatched by anything save Roosevelt’s TVA. The final step in its construction was the channeling out of the thin strip of rock that separated the canal from the river. By itself it was a precarious task, as it required building stairs two z-levels down a cliff face. The river happened to be embedded in sheer walled canyon. But that’s not all; the river was swarming with sadistic carp. Fears aside, this canal needed completion, so the first miner goes down the stairs and begins channeling. The first channel is dug out, and the river back floods into the canal, sucking the water, and incidentally the carp, toward it.
Instantly the river flares up frothing white as the carp surround the miner on all sides and go absolutely mad. Chunks fly everywhere and the miner disappears in the bedlam. The site is now more dangerous than a room full of berserk goblin hammer lords as the carp are sucked up against the grate of the canal entry in worrying numbers.
However, the show must go on, and three more miners are sent in, each meeting the same fate. It is then that I notice that that most recently fallen miner has a child, and that child became apparently curious of the whereabouts of her mother. Before I can do anything, the child is already at the channel entry, investigating the puddles of blood and floating bodies stuck to the grate. The carp have at her, and instead of running, she sits down and cries. I watch in horror as the child defiantly manages to avoid be pulled into the river, and is slowly nibbled and bitten to agonizing death by the insidious carp. The child dies in place after having every limb removed one by one.
I threw up in my mouth a little bit, and sent in my legendary super-agile miner to finish the job. He dug that channel so fast the carp didn’t even notice his presence. A hatch cover was placed over entrance to the stairwell and forbidden, forever. The child’s bones can still be seen in a pile on the banks of the mighty channel—now named in her honor.
Further reading: http://dwarffortresswiki.org/index.php/40d:Carp
If this story inspired you,
Learn to Play
with Peter Tyson's new book. | <urn:uuid:7bedc94f-ec05-4225-95f6-f7de36cd9981> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dfstories.com/carp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972684 | 1,179 | 1.625 | 2 |
Verifying and approving purchase invoices is possible when Purchase invoice approval circulation has been enabled in Management > Company info > Usage settings. A more detailed look into approval circulation is found in here.
The difference between verification and approval is that only approved invoices are business transactions. After approval the invoice should be paid in the Payment view (Go to > Payment)
Two-step process of verifying and approving invoices
1 Invoice received
- The invoice can arrive to Procountor either electronically or by entering the invoice manually to Procountor.
- If approval circulation is enabled and the invoice arrives electronically, a notification message is sent to the first verifier of the invoice.
- If the invoice is entered manually to the program, Send to circulation -button must be clicked in order to send the invoice to the chosen verifier.
2 Where can I find the invoice?
- A notification e-mail about the invoice is sent to the verifiers and approvers either simultaneously or one at a time (more information about the approval circulation order here).
- The invoice is found in the Invoices waiting for verification widget, Hello, user widget and in Receipt search by choosing Invoices to approve as the Search type. These views include all the invoices at the time that are waiting for a verification from the user.
- Go to the Verification-view of the invoice through Receipt search or the widget and click Verify or Approve.
- If you are not eligible to approve the invoice, you can use the Unfinished, Deny payment, Return to previous, Direct to another or Invalidate -button found under the Exception-button.
Buttons in the Verification-view
The buttons in the upper section
- The Verify button creates a verification stamp on the invoice, showing the user name, date, time and verification comment.
- The system checks if similar invoices are found with corresponding information, and shows a warning message upon sending, verification and approval if a similar invoice in Procountor is detected.
- When the approval circulation of purchase or travel and expense invoices is in use and all specified verifiers have checked the invoice, the invoice is set to status Verified. If the Company information Usage settings specify that the verification and approval must happen in order, an email notification will be sent automatically to the next verifier or approver. If the next verifier or approver does not have an email address specified in his or her personal info and settings, a notification is issued.
- If a user, who is not the next verifier in order, verifies the invoice, he or she is notified of that.
- An invoice can be verified even if the approval circulation is not in use.
- The Approve button creates an approval stamp on the invoice, showing the username, date, time and approval comment.
- When the approval circulation of purchase invoices is in use and all specified approvers have approved the invoice, the invoice is set to status Approved.
- An invoice in the approval circulation cannot be approved before it has been verified if verifiers have been specified for the invoice.
The drop-down options within this button include Unfinished, Deny payment, Return to previous, Direct to another and Invalidate.
- Unfinished-option returns the invoice from Verified or Approved -status to Unfinished-status.
- Deny payment -option generates creates a payment rejection stamp on the invoice with user’s name, date, time and comment. The invoice status is set to Payment denied. An invoice with the status Payment denied cannot be paid. Payment denial can be reversed by clicking the Approve-button in the Verification-view.
- Return to previous -option is used to return the invoice in approval circulation to the previous verifier or approver. The invoice must be in a status of Unfinished, Verified, Received, Payment denied or Approved.
- Direct to another -option is used to direct the invoice in approval circulation to another verifier or approver. This option is accessible only when the invoice is in Unfinished-status.
Send to circulation
- This button sends an e-mail notification of the invoice to the next verifier or approver.
- If the Approval circulation order setting is enabled in the Usage settings, the email notification of the invoice waiting for verification is sent to the first verifier. If the setting is not selected, the notification is sent to all verifiers.
- The notification is sent as many times as the button is clicked and the sending accepted. If the invoice has already been sent to circulation, a notification of that is issued.
- The email addresses of the verifiers and approvers must be entered in the users’ personal info and settings.
The system displays a warning about duplicate invoices when sending to circulation, verifying or approving the invoice, if there are two invoices in Procountor with the following conditions:
- Matching due dates or matching invoice dates
- Matching invoice sender’s invoice numbers or matching bank reference codes
- Matching invoice sender’s names or matching invoice sender’s register information
- Matching total sums on invoices
This warning unfortunately does not appear on the Verification of multiple invoices page.
- This button is visible if the Inventory management is in use.
- This button opens invoice specific discussion that can be used to write down comments and questions regarding the invoice.
- The invoice specific discussion is visible to everyone who has at least viewing rights to the invoice.
- The invoice specific discussion can be enabled in the Usage settings.
- This button includes options Invoice, Accounting, Dimensions, Payment, Bank statement and Preview.
- Invoice-option is used to go to the Invoice-view.
- Accounting-option changes the view to the Accounting-view.
- Dimensions-option is used to set dimensions.
- Payment-option is used to go to the Payment-view.
Previous and Next
- These buttons chance the invoice that is seen in the Verification-view.
- This button closes the view.
The buttons in the lower section
Set the receipt dimensions
- Button opens the receipt’s Domensions view where it is possible to set the dimensions for the receipt.
Set transaction dimensions
- The button activates when a transaction is selected.
- Button enables setting dimensions to the transaction.
Search purchase orders
- This button is used to search purchase orders matched to the invoice.
- This button is used to go to a purchase order that has been matched with the invoice.
- This button removes the targeted purchase order.
Fields in the view
- This section includes information about the invoice.
- Invoice notes -field can be used to write down notes about the invoice. This field is also found in Invoice-view and Accounting-view.
Invoice approval information
- This field contains a list of the verifiers and approvers of the invoice.
Invoice transaction information
- This field contains information about all transactions with the invoice, including user and date information.
- The dimensions set to the receipt can be viewed and modified in the field.
Allocated purchase orders
- Field enables viewing the purchase orders allocated to the receipt.
Attachments and invoice image
Attachments and invoice image can be opened with the buttons in the right side of the view. Attachment files can be dragged into the Attachments-window. The attachments can also be inserted by clicking the Add files -button that has the options of Add from computer, Add from documents and Add from receipts.
Verifying multiple invoices
The Verifying multiple invoices -view can be used to verify multiple invoice at one.
- Search the invoices in Receipt search.
- Click the arrow-icon next to the Verification-button and then Verification of multiple invoices.
- Choose the invoices to be verified or approved.
- Click Verify or Approve.
Buttons in the view
- This button marks the chosen invoices as verified by the user in question.
- This button marks the invoices to Approved-status.
- This button returns the invoices to Unfinished-status from Verified- or Approved-status.
- This button sets the invoices to Payment denied -status.
- Select all -button selects all the invoices waiting for verification.
- Select ones waiting for own verification -button selects only the invoices that are waiting for verification from the user in question.
- Select ones waiting for own approval -button selects only the invoices that are waiting for approval from the user in question.
- Clear-button removes the selections.
- This button shows the invoice information in the lower section of the view.
- This button (and the arrow-icon next to it) is used to go to Invoice-view and other views of the invoice. | <urn:uuid:61f48d2b-1436-4f79-966a-0aceffe7fc82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://procountor.finago.com/hc/en-us/articles/360000253397-Verification-and-approval | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.901409 | 1,935 | 1.570313 | 2 |
We’ve told you about the many big changes and new features in iOS 14 and iPadOS 14, including an awesome new redesign of the home screen with Widgets and the App Library. For the last several years, Apple has made its operating systems available in a public beta, so you can kick the tires and help find bugs before its release in the fall.
If you’re interested in running the iOS 14 or iPadOS 14 public beta, here’s how you get it.
Update 09/03/20: Apple has released Beta 8 of iOS 14 and iPadOS 14 to developers and public beta testers.
Registering for the Public Beta
It couldn’t be easier to enter the public beta program. Simply head to beta.apple.com and tap “Sign up.” You need to do this on the device upon which you wish to run the beta. You’ll be asked to sign in with your Apple ID, agree to terms of service, and then download a beta profile.
Once you download the beta profile, you need to activate it.
Open Settings, then tap General. Scroll down to Profile and select it. You can then tap on the iOS 14 or iPadOS 14 beta software profile and choose to activate it.
Downloading the Public Beta
Once you’ve registered, downloaded the profile, and activated it, you’re ready to download the beta.
Open Settings, then tap Software Update. You should see that the iOS or iPadOS 14 public beta is available for download—if you don’t see it, make sure the profile is activated and installed. It can take a few minutes for the beta to show up after installing the profile, so don’t be in too big a hurry.
Once you have the profile installed, you will continue to get beta updates throughout the beta program. Every time a new public beta release is available, you will automatically receive it, or can go to Settings > Software Update to download it manually. There’s no need to re-download or activate the profile.
Apple runs a separate beta track for developers, who got access to iOS 14 and iPadOS 14 during WWDC back in June. Developer Beta builds are typically the same as Public Beta builds, but the release numbers are different, as developers had access earlier. So, Developer Beta 1 was never released as a Public Beta. Developer Beta 2 is the same build as Public Beta 1, and so on.
Registered developers can go to developer.apple.com/download using the device on which they wish to run the iOS 14 beta. Download the beta profile, then open Settings > General > Profile and activate it.
Leaving the Public Beta
If you want to stop receiving beta updates, that’s easy enough. Just remove the profile and you won’t get any more beta releases. Once the final public release of iOS 14 or iPadOS 14 is made available in the fall, your device will download that, and you’ll be on the regular public non-beta release schedule.
Simply removing the profile will stop you from getting further beta releases, but it doesn’t get you back to iOS 13 or iPadOS 13. To do that, follow our guide to downgrading from iOS 14 beta to iOS 13.
You can run iOS 14 on any iPhone that runs iOS 13, and iPadOS 14 runs on any iPad that is compatible with iPadOS 13.
Here’s the list of supported iPhones for iOS 14:
iPhone 11 Pro
iPhone 11 Pro Max
iPhone XS Max
iPhone 8 Plus
iPhone 7 Plus
iPhone 6s Plus
iPhone SE (1st generation)
iPhone SE (2nd generation)
iPod touch (7th generation)
And here’s the list of supported iPads for iPadOS 14:
iPad Pro 12.9-inch (4th generation)
iPad Pro 11-inch (2nd generation)
iPad Pro 12.9-inch (3rd generation)
iPad Pro 11-inch (1st generation)
iPad Pro 12.9-inch (2nd generation)
iPad Pro 12.9-inch (1st generation)
iPad Pro 10.5-inch
iPad Pro 9.7-inch
iPad (7th generation)
iPad (6th generation)
iPad (5th generation)
iPad mini (5th generation)
iPad mini 4
iPad Air (3rd generation)
iPad Air 2
What’s new in Beta 8
Beta 8 just released, so we don’t yet have good information about what changes you’ll find. We’re nearing the final stretch of iOS 14 development, where most of the changes will be minor tweaks and bugfixes rather than the larger and more obvious differences.
Beta 7 made some welcome changes to the App Library screen, adding new categories of apps and renaming others to better describe the apps you’ll find within. It also adds some dark mode versions of the “rainbow” wallpapers, and fixes a really obvious bug in beta 6 where the wrong text string would be displayed when you connect AirPods. | <urn:uuid:d8858b6c-b413-4629-bbce-2b79e895e681> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macworld.com/article/234377/ios-14-and-ipados-14-public-beta-how-to-get.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.887217 | 1,121 | 1.53125 | 2 |
New Delhi, 19 March 2021: The Ministry of AYUSH has established Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy (PCIM&H). The Pharmacopoeia Commission has published 645 standards of Ayurveda Single drugs, 202 compound Ayurveda Drug, 298 Unani single drug & 150 Unani Compound drug, 139 Siddha drugs & 1117 Homoeopathic Drugs standards are published in the form of respective Pharmacopoeias.
Ministry of AYUSH in cooperation with Ministry of Commerce and Industry has proposed to set up an Export Promotion Council (AEPC) for medicines and products of Ayurveda, Homoeopathic, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa and Unani system and services of the AYUSH systems. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) has been given the responsibility as a nodal agency for Ministry of AYUSH to coordinate with other Industry bodies and companies to develop a corpus for formation of AEPC as per the norms/ guidelines of the Ministry of Commerce.
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has taken the initiative to formulate International Standards in collaboration with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). At the behest of BIS, a Working Group (WG–10) on ‘Traditional Medicine’ has been created in the ISO/TC-215 ‘Health Informatics’.
Exclusive provisions for grant of license to manufacture Ayurveda, Siddha & Unani and Homoeopathy drugs are prescribed in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945, which are enforced by the State Licensing Authorities and their records are not maintained at the central level.
The details of AYUSH products manufactured/ sold during the last five years & Current year, State/UT-wise.
|Sl. No.||Name of State/UT||Number of Products in last five years||Number of Products during the COVID-19 period|
|1||Andhra Pradesh||06 manufacturers for Ayurvedic Sanitizers and Ayush Kwath|
|2||Assam||06 manufacturers for Ayurvedic Sanitizers and Ayush Kwath|
|4||Jammu & Kashmir||1 Ayush Kwath|
|45 Immunity boosting products|
|6||Kerala||139 Ayurvedic Sanitizers 39 Ayush Kwath/choorna/tab.|
|7||Odisha||08 manufacturers for Ayurvedic Sanitizers and Ayush Kwath|
|9||Rajasthan||3554||123 Sanitizers 541 immunity boosting products|
|11||Uttarakhand||86 formulations for immunity boosting|
The Minister of State (The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy), Sh. Kiren Rijiju (Additional Charge) stated this in a written reply in the Lok Sabha here today. | <urn:uuid:deadcac0-60bc-465f-bc40-1c2a6af14f40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mumbaikarnews.in/international-standards-for-ayush-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.869655 | 670 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Ed, take a look at [[Eisenhower and German POWs]] and its talk page
for a fair sample of dealing with Helga. She got her article into the
Wikipedia, but many people had to fight like hell to keep it from
being pure anti-semitism from one single, dubious source, and after
all that it still consists mainly of unproven asservations. Or follow
some [[Copernicus]] links and look at the associated talk pages. On
all those talk pages you will see people bending over backwards to be
polite, following up her suggested references, suggesting wording to
get controversial points of view past NPOV, and generally giving her
every chance to make a positive contribution while she grinds her axe,
but all she wants to do is grind her axe.
She is dogged, impervious to suggestion, and absolutely clueless as to
what makes an encyclopedia article or a worthwhile historical proof.
She wants back those German lands that were "stolen" (by the Germans
losing wars that they started), she want Copernicus to be a German,
and, one suspects, she has other minority German enthusiasms as well.
As I said before, "She's had her chance, but she's more trouble than
As far as I know, her most positive contribution was getting Senator
Capehart into the Wikipedia, where he now receives credit as the
marketing genius behind the 20th century popularity of the jukebox.
She put him in originally because he once made an obscure speech that
Helga thought proved some point of hers, which some of us turned into
an article about the Senator himself.
|From: Stephen Gilbert <canuck_in_korea2002(a)yahoo.com>
|Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2002 17:57:59 -0700 (PDT)
|--- "Poor, Edmund W" <Edmund.W.Poor(a)abc.com> wrote:
|> Mav and others have told me that Helga's been a
|> thorn in the project's side for a year. But I think
|> the way you've responded has been inflammatory. No
|> offense meant.
|> Instead of hitting her over the head verbally with
|> phrases like "she's at it again" and "removed NPOV
|> text" -- why not take a more low-key approach? It's
|> working for me in the Arab-Israeli conflict
|Ed, people have spent many, many hours trying your
|"low key" approach. It hasn't worked. Some Wikipedians
|have spent most of their Wikipedia time following
|Helga around, trying to work with her, fix up her
|contributions and explain why in non-confrontational
|ways. People have left the project in frustration
|because of her.
|It's a little frustrating to hear people implying that
|everyone has treated Helga harshly and unfairly.
|> *sigh* if only Larry were still
|Larry's not a magic bullet. I respect Larry, and I
|think he deserves a lot of the credit for getting this
|project off the ground. He has, however, been less
|than diplomatic in certain past situations.
|Come now, Ed. There's no need to wish for a knight in
|shining armour whenever we have a problem. ;-) | <urn:uuid:886c89a1-d168-4268-9c6b-a1184642e224> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikipedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/722DCENHR22XHIR6YFRNH5T2PXBSXIYW/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960129 | 782 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Money and morals don’t mix
BACK IN THE old days, when Republicans, led by Ronald Reagan, actually stood for a set of principles, efforts by Democrats to make political statements with other people’s money were roundly criticized.
One of the most prominent examples was the campaign during the 1980s for disinvestment by public pension funds in the South African economy.
It was a misguided idea from the outset. Professor Walter Williams (and others) predicted during the national debate on the subject that disinvestment, along with such other steps as economic sanctions, would have the counterintuitive effect of strengthening apartheid and delaying its inevitable collapse; he then showed, in a subsequent 1989 book, that that was the actual outcome.
But a narrower issue was important too. However abhorrent the system of apartheid, was it appropriate for government officials to use public pension funds to make political statements?
For principled Republicans, the clear answer was no. Elected officials and pension administrators had (and have) an unambiguous fiduciary responsibility to current and future retirees and to taxpayers to manage the funds so as to achieve the best possible financial returns for beneficiaries. In plain English: Those pursuing specific political goals, however worthy in moral terms, ought to do so with their own dollars rather than those belonging to others; and to the extent that public policy goals are involved, it is the taxpayers or the population generally -- rather than, say, retired government workers -- who should bear the cost.
That was then. Now it is the Islamic regime in Iran that is front-page news, with its ongoing efforts to build nuclear weapons and its bankrolling of terror throughout the Middle East. In response, the California Legislature is considering legislation mandating that the large state public pension funds -- the California Public Employees’ Retirement System and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System -- sell off the billions of dollars of shares they hold in firms doing business with Iran.
This legislation appears likely to receive heavy Republican support; after all, it is easy to claim that disinvestment would “de-fund terrorism.” But that assertion is highly dubious -- and Republicans would be just as wrong to support disinvestment today as Democrats were to support it in the 1980s.
For one thing, research suggests there is little correlation between economic conditions in terror-supporting states and the likelihood that they will go on financing terror. So threatening to weaken Iran’s economy with sanctions or disinvestment seems likely to fail.
Financial support for terrorist activities is primarily ideological, and regimes are loath to sacrifice ideological goals just because economic conditions are declining. Saudi financing of the Wahhabi madrasas, for instance, both official and unofficial, continued during the 1990s when oil revenues were low. Similarly, during the 1990s, various terrorist groups received much of their support from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Sudan -- nations not noted for strong economic performance.
The notion that we can “de-fund” terrorism by withholding our investment is particularly weak. The reality is that terrorism is relatively cheap; the 9/11 commission computed the cost of the 9/11 attacks at less than $500,000, an estimate likely to be too low, but not by enough to change this central conclusion. Oil export revenues for Iran are about $150 million a day, a figure far greater than the likely annual cost of the weaponry delivered by the Iranians to be used against U.S. personnel in Iraq.
Moreover, the disinvestment policy will prove ineffective because the international capital market is vast; disinvestment by California’s pension funds will be replaced by investment from others. And adverse effects will result. The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, for example, which supports this legislation, will find it more difficult to oppose future efforts to force public pension funds to disinvest in firms doing business in Israel.
The Islamic regime in Tehran has been at odds with the U.S. for decades, and one administration after another has made excuses for inaction. Even as U.S. troops in Iraq are being killed by Iranian weapons, the position of the Bush administration is that the materiel comes from the Revolutionary Guard and that there is no hard evidence that the Iranian government has authorized this activity.
This is laughable. The Revolutionary Guard is an official arm of the Iranian government, and it simply is impossible that such policies could be implemented without the approval of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
The administration’s failure to act against the Iranian regime has led to pressure to do something, creating an opening for old-fashioned political posturing by elected officials across the country. Thus the disinvestment campaign is less a policy than a substitute for policy. And that is why it ultimately will prove self-defeating. | <urn:uuid:29560010-bf9c-4b6c-992a-185aa58e657f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jun-19-oe-zycher19-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971381 | 972 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Toddlers watch an average of nine hours of TV a week. But according to a new study, each additional hour per week corresponded to problems when the children reached fourth grade. That includes lower math scores and less classroom engagement.
The children were also more likely to get bullied by classmates, engage in less physical activity and had an increased body mass.
This study is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. | <urn:uuid:a1b8adc3-ac23-4497-b4cb-30c0d822c796> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abc7chicago.com/archive/7420941/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973481 | 87 | 2.671875 | 3 |
GUEST BLOG POST BY MEG HARDER, SENIOR LIBRARY ASSISTANT
If you frequent Central Library in Kitchener, you might recognize me as the person at the information desk who helps you find that-book-you-heard-about-on-the-radio-can’t-remember-what-the-title-is-maybe-the-cover-had-a-bird-on-it. I imagine that in our many interactions you have come to believe my life looks something like this:
What you might not have known is that outside of my job at the library, I am a visual artist. So my life is actually more like this:
But actually, I am very privileged to say I have the freedom to make art that I love and enough community support to keep it going – including the support of the library. I am a graduate of the University of Waterloo Fine Arts Program, which included an exchange to the Bezealel Academy of Art and Design in Jerusalem, Israel. Inspired by the politically imbued art world I was immersed in while in Israel, I have been interested in understanding the capacity of art to address and affect local communities and issues. Since returning to Canada, I have focused on addressing primarily environmental concerns through sculpture, installation, and collage.
Most recently, I have been pursuing an art practice in alignment with the longstanding animating cultural principal of bio-regionalism, a notion or intuition that we can find our physical and spiritual truth in the local natural systems that we inhabit. The resulting work acts as a point of mediation between individuals and the bio-region and imagines alternative ways of living. This includes resisting artistic practices that require consuming goods that have come from somewhere else.
I started by creating some collage work with recycled paper on wood panel which grew in to the work featured in Mediating Nature, my first solo show, which debuted at the Art Gallery at Central Library last winter, supported by The Waterloo Region Arts Fund.
This past spring I was honoured to be chosen as the first annual artist-in-residence at rare Charitable Research Reserve , an ecological reserve that promotes research, education, and appreciation for local ecology. During my time there, I collaborated with ecologists to create installation and traditional art materials such as paper, pigment, and tools using invasive species or green waste. I hoped this process of art making would not only elevate the local bio-region in the minds of community members but also contribute to restoration of the local environment.
Drawing on similar ideas, I created the installation Civilization of the Wild featured in the public art biennial Contemporary Art Forum of Kitchener and Area (CAFKA) this June. This was a site-specific installation of debris huts on Roos Island in Victoria Park where the community was invited to learn and share knowledge about the local bio-region. A debris hut is four-season human shelter made from foraged natural materials inspired by squirrel’s nests. The occupation of Civilization of the Wild in the region’s urban core was meant remind the community of their fundamental connection to the natural world. | <urn:uuid:a9602fc5-8648-4340-b919-3603102d074b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wherecommunityconnects.wordpress.com/2016/09/09/profile-meg-harder-visual-artist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957948 | 641 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Finest, selcted and longterm matured resonant woods are used for the manufacturing of recorders. Only the so called tonewoods can be used for building musical instruments. For school recorders those are peartree and maple from the alp area, also plume- and cherry tree are logged for a great part in those areas. Olive wood grows in the whole Mediterranean area.
All the woods of rosewood, grenadill, ebony and tropcal boxtree count to the tropical woods coming from tropical areas in Asia and Latin America.
With great luck I was able to get a big amount of european boxwood logged in 1990 from the French Pyrenees. It ever since is maturing in my storage rooms. Therefor I can guarantee you, that I am offering, from my own manufacturing, recorders made only from the finest and slowly matured boxtree wood. | <urn:uuid:d6089fda-c5ed-4ef1-8993-ca5914d8ea89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.loebnerblockfloeten.de/en/recorders/wood-plastic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941449 | 188 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The CSS Financial Aid Profile is a secondary financial aid application used by many colleges to award their own financial aid (specifically grants offered by private not-for-profit colleges). The application is required to qualify for institutional grants at those colleges that ask for the form. Since we know that the largest source of grants for college is institutions (colleges and universities), if you are attending one of these colleges that require the CSS Financial Aid Profile, you better make sure it is on your list of forms to complete.
So here’s some good news. The CSS Financial Aid Profile has a cost ($25 to register and $16 per school). This can get expensive if you are applying to a lot of colleges that need the CSS Profile, but the College Board has expanded the eligibility for fee waivers. Starting with the 2022-23 CSS Profile, students from families earning less than $100,000 will qualify for free submission, and this will make access to the application much easier for families as they apply for aid.
How did the year go by so fast? Can it almost be October 1 again already?
So much has happened in the last year, and Moneyman has been busy with the details of his day job, so apologies for the lack of updates. He promises to do better this year!
As we get ready for another year’s worth of FAFSA updates and changes, it is time to share some resources with you.
Here is a copy of the PowerPoint presentation Moneyman uses when speaking about financial aid to high school students and their parents. Once the video replay is available, we can share that link as well.
Hey everyone! It’s been a while. How have you been?
I’ve been busy working on getting our students set for the Fall and opening up the application cycle for 2021-22. And as part of that process, being available for presentations and other speaking opportunities about Financial Aid and the FAFSA.
So today I have three opportunities for you to make your application process easier this year.
If you want a presentation on the entire Financial Aid Process, you may want to check out a presentation moneyman did on the process for Orange County Public Schools here. This presentation goes through a lot of the information we review on the blog (in fact, during the presentation we point back to the blog at various points). If you need a Spanish language version, you can check one out here (en español aquí).
If you want a step-by-step review of the FAFSA, and want a look at each of the screens, moneyman has you covered as well. Take a look at this video where we review each screen through the FAFSA and give you important instructions on each field.
And finally, don’t forget about FAFSA Frenzy. FAFSA Frenzy is the program that Valencia College offers each year to assist FAFSA filers. This year, their program runs from October 12 to November 13 and has two options: Tuesday nights at 6:00 pm there is a FAFSA presentation, and each Wednesday and Thursday from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm Valencia is offering individual appointments for students and parents to get help on completing the FAFSA. You do not have to be attending Valencia or applying there to make use of this service.
Moneyman hopes your application year goes well. Remember, we are here to answer your questions about the application process, so feel free to ask!
It can be hard to find or keep employment right now. If you are struggling, you aren’t alone. In many ways, this is the worst job market in recent memory, and you can expect that things are going to take a while to recover. Well, what do you do in the meantime? If being unemployed or underemployed isn’t an emergency, then what is?
So we are living through a time which our economy hasn’t seen in more than 90 years. And while the numbers above are an estimate (and don’t reflect the somewhat better news that came with the May report) the general story is still true: lots of Americans who want to work right now cannot. And they need support. Maybe you are one of them. What do you do?
Well, your first step in unemployment insurance. Unemployment insurance was created by states in response to the Social Security Act of 1935 with the idea being that those who have jobs and pay into the system would then be able to draw from the system for retirement and for periods of unemployment. Employers also pay into the system for each employee they hire so that there is a collective coverage of risk. Each state runs their own program, and in this era of COVID-19, the Federal government has added additional limited support for those who have been temporarily furloughed or laid-off during this time. Under these temporary measures, even those who might not have qualified for unemployment benefits in the past (like those self-employed, or independent contractors) might be eligible.
What we’ve all seen is how unprepared many of our state unemployment systems were for the huge numbers of filers who needed to use their system. If you have been stuck, don’t give up. Persistence pays off (as does being up and active on your computer at about 8:00 in the morning, or trying on a Thursday or Friday). Remember also that filing for unemployment is not a one-time thing; you will likely need to log in weekly or every two weeks to refile.
While unemployment can be a helpful tool to cover some expenses during a time of uncertainty, it likely will be of short duration and (without the CARES additional benefit) will most likely leave you short from your previous income. So what’s next?
You may qualify for SNAP. SNAP (or Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program, often referred to as Food Stamps) is a program to assist with the purchase of food for those who qualify. Again, rules are determined by the state in which you live and you apply using their application. During the COVID-19 pandemic, some states have been increasing the amount of the benefit payments for families with children due to the suspension of many free or reduced school lunch programs.
If you need help with Health Insurance, you may qualify for Medicaid. Medicaid is a program that helps families and individuals with health insurance if they have a low income that qualifies. Medicare is for those who are 65 years of age and older and provides health insurance coverage for qualifying adults. While the names may sound the same, they are very different programs, so make sure you know which one you are trying to obtain.
Once you secure help from the Federal Government and your state or local government, what’s next? Many local charities provide many different kinds of assistance, from food and clothing to shelter and employment. Some schools have updated their web pages to share local resources for assistance (see Valencia College and USF’s Food Panty page as examples).
Emergency situations happen, and if you are still a student enrolled on campus and you need assistance, reach out to Counseling, Advising, or Financial Aid. Chances are that your school has an Emergency Financial Aid program which can help with urgent situations. And make sure you check in to see if you can apply for CARES funds if you haven’t already (and if your school hasn’t already distributed its allocation).
What other resources have you found helpful in the case of emergency? One way to make sure you protect yourself from emergencies in the future is to start a savings plan. Next time we are going to start talking about one of the best ways to save for future spending needs – retirement savings.
The past few days have seen a series of records for highest number of new cases of COVID-19 in Florida. Each day the curve rises, and the picture is fairly clear: we have not yet hit a plateau of cases in Florida.
At the same time, many colleges and universities (in Florida, and indeed all over the country) are beginning to announce their plans for Fall. Among others, UF and FSU have announced plans that will bring students back to campus, although both schools plan to not require students to return to campus in large numbers after Thanksgiving. Other schools, like Stetson University and the University of Tampa, have announced changes to their Fall calendars (either delays in opening, or moving up opening) to allow for a modified Fall semester. And finally, some schools like Valencia College and St. Petersburg College have announced that they will have a very limited number of classes on site in the Fall, and that most classes will remain online.
There are as many colleges and universities as there are plans for reopening. In part this is due to a lack of a clear sense of what’s coming for us in this pandemic, and – at the same time – students seem to be picking up on this confusion. In a recent study conducted by the Florida College Access Network, 42% of current college students surveyed indicated that their plans have changed for their education past high school; some are taking a semester or a year off, some are starting sooner than planned, and some are transferring to another school. At the same time, nearly 1 in 4 parents of high school juniors and seniors indicated that their children’s plans for life after high school have changed: 31% have postponed their plans, 27% have switched to an option closer to home, and 22% have switched to a less expensive option.
At the same time, the survey reveals that those with a high school degree or less are the most impacted by the economic difficulties that have come along with the pandemic. 64% of those with a high school diploma or less reported job loss, pay cuts, or reduced work hours, while at the other extreme, only 50% of those with a bachelor’s degree (and 40% of those with a master’s) reported the same difficulties.
Health insurance is another kind of protection for situations that you aren’t expecting. While we won’t go through every different kind and option of health insurance today (you can read more about all of this here), we do want to look at two options: employer-sponsored health insurance and the Affordable Care Act (also called the ACA or Obama-care).
The law changed in 2010, and children can remain on their parents’ insurance plans until they are 26, so chances are many of you are covered by your parents, but once you turn 26 you will need to find your own coverage.
Generally a health insurance plan will require you to pick a primary care physician. This doctor will coordinate care for you and help you find specialists when more advanced care is required. The benefit of a health insurance plan is that you will have coverage in case things go wrong with your health (without insurance you may have to pay a large amount for your care). The downside of health insurance is that you often can’t just see who you want without getting approval first through your Primary Care doctor.
In addition, many health insurance plans have co-pays, deductibles, co-insurance, and maximum out-of-pocket costs. What are all of these?
A co-pay is the amount you will pay immediately out of pocket to see a doctor or specialist. The amount varies by your plan, but generally runs between $10 and $50 per visit depending on the level of specialty, or could be up to $100 or more for an emergency room visit.
A deductible is the amount of money in total that must be paid for health care services before your insurance covers your expenses. Usually the deductible does not apply to your primary care physician visits but to other types of care.
Co-insurance kicks in after your deductible. This is a percentage of costs that you must pay as your insurance pays the other portion. For example, if your plan has a co-insurance requirement of 20%, then you pay that 20% of the cost and the insurance company pays the other 80%. This will hold true until you pay your out-of-pocket maximum.
An out-of-pocket maximum represents that maximum total cost you will have to pay before your health insurance will cover 100% of any remaining costs for you.
All of these reset each year, so it is important to understand where you are as you plan your care. As an example, let’s say that you are in an accident and require hospitalization for a week. The bill arrives and with medical care, surgery, anesthesia, and all other expenses, the total cost is $110,000. Usually your health insurance has negotiated rates which are better than the regular rates you would get if you walked off the street without insurance, so let’s say this drops immediately to $65,000 because of these negotiated rates. Your insurance has a $100 co-pay for Emergency Rooms, $500 deductible, a 20% co-insurance, and a $5,500 maximum out-of-pocket. Well, you would have to pay the $100 co-pay and then the $500 deductible which is $600. The remaining cost is $64,400 and 20% of that is $12,880 which is way above your maximum out-of-pocket. Since you already paid a $100 co-pay, and a $500 deductible, your maximum additional cost would be $4,900 (your $5,500 max minus $600 already paid). In this case you would have paid a total of $5,500 for the equivalent of $110,000 worth of care. Good thing you had health insurance. In addition, any additional expenses you had for the remainder of your coverage year would be covered at 100% because you have already paid your maximum out-of-pocket for that year; this would all reset the next year when your coverage begins again.
Of course, the other way you pay for insurance is when you pay your monthly premiums. Health insurance is not free although some employers may pay some, part, or all of your monthly costs. If you have an employer-offered health insurance program, chances are that your employer is paying a significant part of the cost for you as a benefit. In addition, any amount you pay as a monthly premium is deducted from your salary prior to paying taxes, so you get to count this as tax-free income.
There are other ways to save money on health care expenses like Health Savings Accounts and Flexible Spending Accounts, and we will cover these at another time.
What if you aren’t working or you want to look at other options? The healthcare.gov site provides information on the plans that are available through the ACA, and could be less based on your income and family size. Take a look because as you know now, we always want to protect ourselves against the unexpected.
Speaking of expecting the unexpected, what is your college or university planning to do regarding reopening? Are you changing your educational plans this fall? Or are you adopting a “wait and see” approach? Moneyman want to know, so clue me by adding your comments at the top of the post!
We are sailing in choppy seas. Between the Coronavirus pandemic, the rising unemployment, civil unrest, and political chaos, it may feel like everything is out of control. Back when moneyman (that’s me!), laid out some themes for this year’s blog entries, this month was envisioned as a focus on “what happens when the unexpected happens.” That was the plan, at least. And then… the unexpected happened.
With that in mind, it is time to tackle some of the subjects which moneyman had planned to discuss in the month of June. Let’s start with life insurance.
You might say, but moneyman I am too young to think about that now. And you would be… completely wrong. The right time to think about life insurance is now, when you are young. Life insurance is the perfect way to plan for the ultimate in unexpected situations. By purchasing life insurance at a young age, you get two important benefits: a much lower monthly rate for your premiums, and the chance to qualify for insurance (hopefully) long before you have developed or suffered from any long-term health complications.
Life insurance is basically a bet on behalf of the companies who provide it. They are betting the likelihood of having to pay out a benefit and they base this generally on your age, gender, smoking status, and health condition. If you seek insurance as a 22 year old who is healthy and doesn’t smoke, your cost is going to much less expensive than that for a 60 year-old smoker with a history of diabetes and cancer.
Also keep in mind that life insurance premiums are monthly payments and the longer the possible length of payments before the company may need to pay out on the insurance, the lower the monthly payment will be. Also the more you ask for in insurance, the higher the monthly payment, so it would not be unreasonable for the same monthly payment to buy much more in insurance coverage for our hypothetical 22 year old above than it would for our 65 year old.
What about the different kinds of life insurance? There are many different kinds of life insurance, but we are going to cover the main two – term insurance and whole life.
Term insurance covers you for a specific period of time, and then ends. Under term insurance you can buy coverage for a specific dollar amount over a specific number of years and as long as you continue to pay the monthly premiums you are covered for the amount you have contracted. One of the downsides of term life insurance coverage is that after the coverage ends, you lose any money you have spent in premiums (so if you don’t use it, you lose it). One of the upsides of term life insurance is that it tends to be pretty inexpensive in comparison to other insurance types.
There is even a special kind of term insurance called permanent life insurance. Like it sounds, this is similar to term life except that the term is forever. So again as long as you pay the premium monthly, you will be covered for the amount you select, but the program never ends until you pass away (or stop paying your premiums). Again, the benefit here is the lower cost (slightly more than term life, but less than whole life). The drawback again is that if you cancel it, you lose your investment.
Then there is whole life insurance. Whole life insurance allows you to make a monthly payment, but there is no expiration date on the insurance. Your monthly payment is invested for you by the insurance company and builds cash value. Yur monthly premum is usually withdrawn form your payment, or is taken as a percentage fee on your earnings, but your investment remains yours. This means you can borrow against this if necessary (for emergencies) or if you cancel your program will receive a cash settlement. When you pass away, your insurance will pay the amount of the death benefit you have chosen minus any outstanding loan amount. This is a great choice if you can afford the monthly premium (which tend to be higher than term life).
It is true that you might earn more in returns if you invest on your own and direct your own investment choices, but for those who do not have time or inclination to make these kinds of decisions, whole life might be a good choice.
So why should you look at life insurance now? And how much should you choose to insure? And should you choose whole or term? This is really dependent on your monthly income and expenses. If you can afford whole life, you can consider your monthly payment into this program as your monthly savings amount as well (because you will eventually be able to access it, one way or another). You want to purchase as much of a death benefit as you can afford, because whatever amount you think you might need now will look very small when you ultimately need it. Imagine that right now you purchase what looks like an unimaginably high $200K death benefit, and then in 8 years you buy a house for $300,000 (right now the average home price in Orlando is $260K). You will kick yourself for not having a higher value when the premiums were cheap. Price it out and see what is affordable!
And don’t forget one other important kind of life insurance; the free kind. When you get hired by an employer ask if one of the benefits of employment is life insurance. Many employers will provide free (or significantly reduced cost) life insurance for you at 1X, 2X, 3X or more than your annual salary. Some employers will even waive the health screening for the higher levels of this insurance, but only if you take the benefit when you first are eligible for it; if you choose to take advantage of this in later years, you may have to go through a health screening first.
If you want to read a lot more about all of the different kinds of life insurance and the pros and cons of each type, check out this Investopedia page which has TONS of good information. Life insurance is the ultimate example of preparing for the unexpected, but we should all be prepared.
Oh, and the best news yet? Like retirement assets (401Ks or IRAs), life insurance plans are ignored as assets on the FAFSA. So you can save lots in your whole life plan, and never have to report it as an asset when you apply for financial aid.
So, Philip J. Fry, pay attention. Jkjk means just kidding on my previous just kidding. And guess what friends? That’s what’s happening with the Student Eligibility rules for CARES Grant funds. The Department of Education just let us know they are about to issue a new rule that says “just kidding” on their previous “just kidding”.
For those of you who might need a refresher, here is where we are so far:
The CARES Act is signed into law by the President on March 27, 2020. As part of the law, the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund is created, with $12B of relief funds for students. The law is silent on who specifically is eligible for these funds. We first published a review of the act on April 1.
On April 9, the Department publishes the agreements and amounts of funding which would be available under the HEERF. The agreement says that schools “…[retain] discretion to determine the amount of each individual emergency financial aid grant consistent with all applicable laws including non-discrimination laws.” Other than that reference, there is no limitation from the Department on who is eligible for these funds. We covered this on the blog on April 11.
On April 21, the Department issues some FAQs related to the CARES Act at the same time as they issue the agreements for the institutional portion of the funding, and for the first time (in the answer to question 9) mention that students would have to be eligible for Title IV Financial Aid to be eligible to receive HEERF / CARES Grant funds. We covered this on the blog on April 26.
On May 21, the Department says “jk” and issues three paragraphs which says that their previous guidance doesn’t have the force of law, and that while they will enforce the restriction on undocumented students receiving HEERF funds, they will not enforce the restriction on Title IV eligibility. We discussed this on the blog on May 21.
And this brings us to today. As of last night, the Department has indicated that they are about to release an Interim Final Rule in which they will announce that they are planning on enforcing the restrictions on Title IV eligibility effective once the regulations are published in the Federal Register (in other words, “jkjk”).
So where does this leave us? Great question!!
As of the day this is published in the Federal Register, the rule goes into effect. As of that point, schools must follow the rules that state that only students who are or could be eligible for Title IV financial aid (in other words eligible under section 484 of the Higher Education Act) are able to receive HEERF grants. This means that students who are looking for funds will need to file a FAFSA (or if a school chooses to allow it, fill out a self-certification form saying that they meet all eligibility rules).
What are the rules? According to the Interim Final Rule, this includes:
…(1) enroll or be accepted for enrollment in a program leading to a recognized credential at an eligible IHE and not enrolled in elementary or secondary school (2) if presently enrolled, be maintaining satisfactory academic progress (3) not owe a refund on a Federal student grant or be in default on any Federal student loan (4) submit a Statement of Educational Purpose (5) are a U.S. citizen, National or eligible noncitizen (6) not have been convicted of, or plead nolo contendere or guilty to, a crime involving fraud in obtaining federal student aid (7) have a high school diploma or its equivalent (8) have a valid social security number (9) register with the Selective Service (if required) (10) not been convicted of any offense under any Federal or State law involving the possession or sale of a controlled substance for conduct that occurred during a period of enrollment for which the student was receiving Federal student aid.
The largest issue for students may be SAP. We’ve talked about SAP before, but for students who have failed SAP and either didn’t appeal, or didn’t previously apply for financial aid so there was no impact, a bad SAP status could be a deal-breaker for HEERF eligibility. If you are one of these students, you should get a SAP appeal turned in immediately.
The other issue is what constitutes a student. There are two main questions here: are students who graduated or withdrew in Spring still eligible for funds, and are students eligible if they are enrolled in educational programs which are not eligible for financial aid? The answer to the first question is unclear; this was not addressed by the Department in its guidance. The answer to the second question is “no”; the Department clearly says that if your educational program is not eligible, then you aren’t eligible (page 30 reads, “Some programs at title-IV eligible institutions, primarily shorter training courses such as first responder training certificate programs, do not participate. Students enrolled in such programs will not be eligible for the emergency financial aid grants.”).
So where does this leave us? Many schools have already given out the majority of their CARES Funds. Do they have to go back and take it away from anyone they gave it to who might now not be eligible? The good news is a resounding “no” to this question, as long as they restricted the funds to US Citizens and Eligible Non-citizens. The Rule specifies (page 20 footnote 6), “Nor will the Department enforce the title IV eligibility interpretation announced in this rule against distribution of HEERF funds that occurred prior to the publication of this rule.” Keep in mind the publication of the rule is when it appears in the Federal Register so any distribution prior to that point is not subject to enforcement.
So for schools that have already given out most or all of their funds, they do not need to reconsider funds already expended. But for schools that were waiting for guidance, or who have money left to award, we are back to square 1 (or was that square 3 actually).
And a final reminder… Until this is actually published in the Federal Register, NOTHING IS FINAL. This is all (you guessed it) subject to change. In other words, watch this space for the “JkJkJk” post.
George Jefferson was Archie Bunker’s equal in many ways (some might even argue his superior). While no one could call them “friends”, per se, they certainly served as perfect foils for each other: two lovable, obstinate characters, each one proving that stereotypes never holds true when confronted with individual identity. “All in the Family” meets “Moving On Up”. And these shows left lasting memories. And they always showed prejudice and bigotry as the idiocy that it is; both characters always got what they deserved.
Do these sitcoms hold up? Are they worth watching nearly (gasp) 35 to 45 years later? A recreation in 2019 on TV would argue yes (as would Kerry Washington, Jimmy Fallon, Jamie Foxx, Wanda Sykes, Woody Harrelson, among others). These shows were way ahead of their time, or — sadder to say — our times haven’t moved way ahead in the last 40 years, and nothing is more relevant today than confronting the scourge of racism and the terrible conditions faced by BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Color) in our country. We all should dream of a day when shows like “The Jeffersons” and “All in the Family” are viewed as relics of a historical past, barely able to be conceived of, and not simply dated reflections of our present.
With that in mind, “all in the family” carries a different connotation for me for financial aid, and I want to turn there next.
But first, a check in. How are you doing, dear reader? I personally have not been OK. The trauma of the last few weeks has me sad, angry, anxious, depressed, and frankly traumatized. And I am a white, cis-gendered, married man in my 50s who never has been the victim of systemic racism. I know that I am privileged and am here to witness, to listen, to learn, and to act to make change. This is not a political statement, this is a human statement. And I am here to partner with each of you to make change possible.
For me, that means I do all that I can to demystify the financial aid process so that each one of you can find your way into economic opportunity through higher education (and find the best and most cost-effective way to pay for it). We talk about a lot of subjects here, but the most important one is you. I am hoping you are OK. If not, I am here to listen. Contact me by commenting below or using the comment form.
Now to our financial aid subject: “All in the family”. Part of the verification process requires you to document who is in your family. And who will be in college. If you remember back to when you completed the FAFSA, you entered these numbers on the form. If you have been selected for verification, now is the time to provide your list.
Schools will ask you to complete a list of those in your family on the verification form. You will list each person, their relationship to you (the student), their age, and (if they are in college) where they are attending school. For a dependent student, this will mean the members of your parent(s)’ household. You usually will list the parent or parents you live with, if you have step-parents living with you, your siblings or step-siblings who live at the home with you, siblings or step-siblings at college or living elsewhere if your parent(s) provide more than 1/2 of their support, and any other person for whom your custodial parent provides more than 1/2 of their support if they live with you. This might include your grandparents, for example, if they live with you, or your cousin, or aunt, or uncle (if your parents provide more than 1/2 of their financial support each year).
A common mistake people make is assuming that someone has to be listed on your parents’ tax return as a dependent in order for them to be part of your family. This couldn’t be further from the truth; there does not have to be a one-to-one relationship between them. You do want to be prepared, though, to list them on your verification form because if the financial aid officer sees a difference between the number of people in your family on the FAFSA and the number on your verification form, they will want an explanation.
For an independent student, the household size always includes you and (if married) a spouse who is living with you. You can also include your children (even if they don’t live with you) as long as they receive more than 1/2 of their support from you (and your spouse). Finally, you can also claim people who live with you who are not your children if you provide more than 1/2 of their financial support (say an elderly parent or grandparent, or a cousin, or niece / nephew). Remember to list each of these household members on your verification form.
Now we turn to the number in college. If someone in your household plans to attend post-secondary school (college or university) at least half-time, even for one semester, they count as part of your family in college, with one big exception. For dependent students, you cannot count a parent in college. The government assumes (incorrectly in many cases), that parents in college have financial support for their education and are not paying that cost. (This, by the way, is a great example for when you might want to ask for a professional judgment; provide a copy of your parents’ tuition bill for their own education and ask the financial aid office to consider this as a cost when analyzing your EFC). The number in college also does not include students attending a service academy because most of their costs are paid for by the Federal government.
Otherwise anyone who counts as a member of your family could count as part of the number in college. The number in college is important since your PC (Parent Contribution) is divided by this number. For example, if a family has a 12,000 total PC, and two in college, each student would have a 6,000 PC (granting them an additional 6,000 in need each). If there were three in college, the PC for each would be 4,000 and all three students would likely be Pell Grant eligible.
On the verification form, you will be asked to list each college / university attended for each member of the family, and occasionally a school may ask you to have your sibling’s college fill out a form documenting that they really are attending there. Just another way to “trust but verify“.
In closing, while you want to think expansively and include everyone you can in your family list on the verification, you want to make sure you can document the folks you choose. In short, you want to make sure you keep it “all in the family”.
Here’s hoping and praying for change to come soon. In the words of James Taylor (in his song Shed a Little Light):
There is a feeling like the clenching of the fist There is a hunger in the center of the chest There is a passage through the darkness and the mist Though the body sleeps the heart will never restOh let us turn our thoughts today to Martin Luther King And recognize that there are ties between us All men and women, living on the earth Ties of hope and love, sister and brotherhood That we are bound together With a desire to see the world become A place in which our children can grow free and strong We are bound together by the task that ties before us And the road that lies ahead, we are bound and we are bound
Let’s face it. Verification isn’t fun. When you are selected for verification, it can feel like a burden, and it may feel like those of us who are working in financial aid are trying to “get into your business”. Trust moneyman, it isn’t our choice. If you are selected for verification it might feel like the flip of a coin at random (heads or tails?), but once you have been selected there are certain principles we need to follow.
One of these principles is that while financial aid officers are not accountants, we do need to know some basic tax information. Federal Student Aid publishes an annual Application and Verification Guide for financial aid administrators (which is very technical, feel free to read it if you have nothing better to do) which perhaps says it best:
Financial aid administrators do not need to be tax experts, yet there are some issues that even a layperson with basic tax law information can evaluate. Because conflicting data often involve such information, FAAs must have a fundamental understanding of relevant tax issues that can considerably affect the need analysis. You are obligated to know (1) whether a person was required to file a tax return and (2) what the correct filing status for a person should be.
Page 132 of the 2020-21 AVG
So here we go. Let’s start with Heads… In this case, Heads of Household.
If moneyman sees one common mistake that holds up families from completing verification, it is both parents filing their tax returns as head of household even though they are married and living together. The rules for filing Head of Household (as published by the IRS) say:
“You may be able to file as head of household if you meet all the following requirements:
You are unmarried or “considered unmarried” on the last day of the year…
You paid more than half of the cost of keeping up a home for the year.
A qualifying person lived with you in the home for more than half the year (except for temporary absences, such as school). However, if the qualifying person is your dependent parent, he or she doesn’t have to live with you. See Special rule for parent, later, under Qualifying Person.”
If two parents file as married on the FAFSA as their marital status and then provide separate tax returns with one or both filing as Head of Household, this is usually a problem. To correct this, the family either needs to prove that they meet the qualifications above, or they need to file an Amended Tax Return. Otherwise we cannot complete verification.
Why would a family want to file as Head of Household? Usually tax rates are lower, so amending a return may mean that the family needs to pay more in taxes, but to qualify for aid it is necessary to resolve this discrepancy. There could be a possible reason for a parent to file Head of Household on a tax return (say for the 2018 tax return), but file the FAFSA as “married” for 2020-21, but the situation is unlikely. Lots of examples (and much more detail) can be found at this link.
More T(r)ials (or trials) of verification:
The quote above also mentions that financial aid administrators should kow if a parent or student should have filed a tax return (if they earned enough income to be required to do so).
How does this work? The same IRS publication lists the minimum income thresholds which require a taxpayer to file a Federal income tax return.
According to the chart, if a regularly employed (not self-employed) individual earns above 12,000 (and they are single and under 65), they must file a tax return. Of course, a taxpayer might choose to file anyway so that they can get their tax refund, but the above chart represents the numbers of income at which you must file a return. Note (by the way) that spouses who file separately have a very low income threshold – only $5.
Self-employed individuals have even a lower threshold. If you are self-employed and your net earnings are greater than $400, you need to complete a tax return.
Sometimes we hear from students whose parents do not file a tax return because they don’t believe they have to. In these cases, we are required to collect copies of W-2s, and “non-filer” from the IRS to show that the taxpayer did not file a tax return. But if the income is above the minimum income threshold, we must have a tax return.
Here are the trials of verification. What stories have you experienced? Where do you get hung up in verification?
So not everything you read on the Internet is true. I know. Shocker.
Some things on the Internet need to be taken with a fair amount of disbelief. Almost an approach of “trust, but verify“.
So I can understand if you might not believe what I am about to tell you when it relates to the HEERF Funds from the CARES Grant. There is a lot of information on the Internet! And a lot of it is true! (Or as true as the most recent update).
Colleges and universities are required by the Department of Education to provide updates 30 days after receiving HEERF Funds and every 45 days thereafter. According to guidance issued by Federal Student Aid on May 6, 2020, colleges must post the following information to their publicly facing websites within 30 days of receiving their funds:
An acknowledgement that the institution signed and returned to the Department the Certification and Agreement and the assurance that the institution has used, or intends to use, no less than 50 percent of the funds received under Section 18004(a)(1) of the CARES Act to provide Emergency Financial Aid Grants to students.
The total amount of funds that the institution will receive or has received from the Department pursuant to the institution’s Certification and Agreement [for] Emergency Financial Aid Grants to Students.
The total amount of Emergency Financial Aid Grants distributed to students under Section 18004(a)(1) of the CARES Act as of the date of submission (i.e., as of the 30-day Report and every 45 days thereafter).
The estimated total number of students at the institution eligible to participate in programs under Section 484 in Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 and thus eligible to receive Emergency Financial Aid Grants to students under Section 18004(a)(1) of the CARES Act.
The total number of students who have received an Emergency Financial Aid Grant to students under Section 18004(a)(1) of the CARES Act.
The method(s) used by the institution to determine which students receive Emergency Financial Aid Grants and how much they would receive under Section 18004(a)(1) of the CARES Act.
Any instructions, directions, or guidance provided by the institution to students concerning the Emergency Financial Aid Grants.
For you as students this represents finally an opportunity for you to learn exactly how your school plans to spend its CARES Grant allocation. It is information you can believe from the Internet.
For example, if you are a student at UCF, you can see from the University of Central Florida’s website that their application period closed on May 19, and that they plan on awarding funds based on the 21,669 applications received. UCF is awarding different amounts to Pell eligible students vs. non-Pell eligible, and to date (5/23/2020), they have awarded $0.
On the other hand, Valencia College’s CARES Grant page shows that their application window opens tomorrow (June 1) for the approximately 28,000 students who will be eligible for CARES funds. Valencia is requiring a FAFSA and is awarding students for both Spring and Summer terms. Valencia is also requiring an application for funds.
Rollins College has already distributed its entire CARES Grant allocation according to their webpage. Their awards ranged from $500 to $3,000 per student.
So if you are curious to learn how your college is giving away their CARES Act money, then do a search on their web page for “CARES Grant” or “CARES Act”. You will undoubtedly learn some interesting information about how the process is working for your school.
As a matter of public interest, moneyman has started a Google Doc with a list of colleges and universities and their website for CARES reporting. Feel free to add your college or search for a college or university’s page there. | <urn:uuid:a75d3767-610c-4926-9cb1-5180bb5ab5ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moneymanblog.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96816 | 9,155 | 1.625 | 2 |
God made us to worship.
Worship is often equated to singing, but the Bible speaks of this term in a much broader sense. The apostle Paul speaks of worship as encompassing the entirety of our lives. He says in Romans 12:1: “I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship.” Elsewhere, he notes that even eating and drinking are to be done to the glory of God (1 Corinthians 10:31). We are called to worship the Lord with our whole lives and in all circumstances (Philippians 4:4).
To that end, we have seven values that undergird all that we do at RBC as we worship through song and sit under the preached Word of God week in and week out. These core values are:
- Jesus above everything (Luke 10:27)
- God’s Word is primary (2 Timothy 3:16-17, James 1:22)
- Excellence (1 Corinthians 15:58)
- Love for one another (Hebrews 10:24-25)
- Servanthood (1 Peter 4:10, Colossians 1:18-20, Philippians 2:3-5)
- Creativity (Jeremiah 29:7)
- Character over competency (2 Peter 1:5-7)
Everything that we do filters through these values.
“Doxologies” is a host of resources including music, theology, and art to help you respond to the grace of God in Jesus Christ. Along with periodically introducing original music, we will use this space to continue to introduce other new songs, sharing some insights to the stories behind the songs and the Scriptures they are derived from.SEE MORE | <urn:uuid:916a442f-e40c-4a82-beb3-f47390bdcaf8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.restonbible.org/worship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946815 | 386 | 1.726563 | 2 |
-Added a school section
-Added a time expressions section
-Added the seasons to the months and days of the week section
-Added a verbs section
-Kanji on memrise with the romaji next to it doesn't work when you have to type
-When doing the kanji section you only need to enter the romaji as the answer
-Added a new basic kanji section
-Added Kanji numbers to the numbers section
-Added days of the week to the months section
Welcome to Memrise!
Join millions of people who are already learning for free on Memrise! It’s fast, it’s fun and it’s mind-bogglingly effective. | <urn:uuid:71b05535-d940-41a5-aafa-829108d8dc99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://app.memrise.com/course/218885/beginners-japanese/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.886841 | 186 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Our one-year Research Fellowship is an award to members of The Royal College of Surgeons of England to undertake clinical research into selected projects in order to extend the frontiers of surgery and develop new operative techniques
Miss Kate Harvey
The Pre Bra Feasibility Study (2017-18)
Breast cancer affects over 55,000 women each year in the UK and up to 40% require mastectomy (removal of the breast). Loss of a breast can profoundly affect a woman's quality of life and breast reconstruction is offered to minimise this. Pre-pectoral breast reconstruction is a brand-new operation, but assessment is needed to demonstrate it is safe before it becomes routine. Research in this area is challenging and often not done to a high standard. This study aims to determine if surgeons can join forces to evaluate the technique effectively, allowing patients to benefit sooner.
Miss Li Yenn Yong
Tissue engineering of small blood cells (2018-19)
Free tissue transfer is used to replace tissues lost through disease, cancer and trauma. This often involves complex reconstruction with tissue being donated from one part to another, usually resulting in significant donor site morbidity. Therefore, patients too fragile for major surgery are often denied this treatment option.
The ability to 3D print blood vessels using stem cells opens a new dimension of treatment with tissue and organs being produced in the laboratory and being made to order ‘off the shelf’. This project aims to produce tissues using this technology and investigate its compatibility with the body.
Mr Lewis Dingle
Markers of healing in complex wounds (2018-19)
2 million wounds are managed by the NHS every year. Most wounds heal successfully, however significant numbers do not, such as leg ulcers, causing significant pain and distress. Treatments can take weeks or even months, with episodes of infection and frequent trips to hospital. We do not understand why wounds fail to heal. By studying proteins produced by complex wounds, they hope to identify markers to predict wound healing and develop new treatments.
Mr Justin Wormald
Infection after hand and wrist injury (2019-20)
Hand and wrist injuries account for 1-in-5 emergency hospital visits, with 350 injuries per day in the UK. The hand and wrist are important in daily life and for earning a living. Many injuries need surgery, with a risk of infection afterwards. We don?t know the extent of post-operative infection for these injuries, including the effect on recovery and function. Anti-bacterial stitches used to repair injuries might reduce infection. I want to better understand infection after hand and trauma surgery and whether we can test these anti-bacterial stitches to prevent it.
Mrs Cynthia De Courcey
Biocompatibility of Novel 3D-bioprinted Cartilage (2020-21)
Facial disfigurement affects 1 in 111 people. Reconstructive methods involving autologous (using patient’s own tissue) or synthetic options, have well-known limitations. Tissue engineering with 3D-printing has potential to create precise, patient-specific, cartilage implants using biomaterials as ink carriers loaded with patients own cells. The research group addresses key challenges with a novel biomaterial with impressive mechanical and biological properties, and are pioneers in using tissue-specific cartilage stem cells. The study aims to advance this technology through establishing the safety and immunological profile of the biomaterial and identify key micro-properties pertinent to successful implant integration. | <urn:uuid:8ca13ca7-6cb5-4980-ba46-fc1848d26f4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blondmcindoe.co.uk/research-fellowships | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.932213 | 714 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Sri Lanka’s unprecedented economic crisis looks to have finally toppled President Gotabaya Rajapaksa.
Here is what you should know about the ongoing political turmoil.
- Rajapaksa fled to the Maldives early on Wednesday after months of turmoil culminated in protesters converging on the presidential residence.
- Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe declared a state of emergency and a curfew with immediate effect as thousands of people demanding his resignation surrounded his office in the capital Colombo.
- Police fired several rounds of tear gas and a military helicopter briefly circled overhead but the protesters appeared undeterred as violence and political chaos gripped the island nation of 22 million people.
- The speaker of parliament said Rajapaksa had approved Wickremesinghe acting as president, invoking a section of the constitution dealing with times when the president is unable to fulfil his duties.
How serious is the crisis?
- Sri Lanka’s debt-laden economy has “collapsed” as it runs out of money to pay for food, fuel and medicine.
- The island is relying on help from neighbouring India, China and from the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- Wickremesinghe, who took office in May, said the economy was heading for “rock bottom”.
- Sri Lankans are skipping meals as they line up for hours to buy scarce fuel and cooking gas.
- The government owes $51bn and is unable to make interest payments on its loans.
- Tourism, an important engine of economic growth, sputtered because of the pandemic.
- Country’s currency has collapsed by 80 percent, making imports more expensive and worsening inflation.
- The finance ministry says Sri Lanka has only $25m in usable foreign reserves and needs $6bn to stay afloat for six months.
- The result is a country on the edge of bankruptcy, with hardly any money to import fuel, milk, medicine and even toilet paper.
How did it come to this?
- Analysts say economic mismanagement by successive governments weakened Sri Lanka’s public finances.
- Situation was exacerbated by deep tax cuts enacted by Rajapaksa government soon after it took office in 2019.
- Months later, the COVID-19 pandemic struck, wiping out much of Sri Lanka’s revenue base, mainly from tourism.
- Remittances from nationals working abroad dropped, forcing the government to draw from foreign exchange reserves.
- Fuel shortages led to long queues at filling stations as well as frequent blackouts, hospitals ran short of medicine.
- Runaway inflation reached 54.6 percent last month and could rise to 70 percent, the central bank said.
What did the government do?
- Despite the rapidly deteriorating economic crisis, the Rajapaksa government initially held off talks with the IMF.
- For months, opposition leaders and experts urged the government to act but it held its ground, hoping tourism would bounce back.
- Much of public’s anger is focused on President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and his brother, ex-Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa.
- In April 2021, the president banned imports of chemical fertilisers, a move that decimated staple rice crops, driving prices higher.
- Eventually, the government sought help from India and China – regional powers jostling for influence over the island.
- India says it provided support worth over $3.5bn this year.
- China intervened less publicly but said it supports the nation’s efforts to restructure its debt.
- Sri Lanka eventually opened talks with the IMF.
What happens next?
- A sitting president removed by street protests is unprecedented in Sri Lanka’s post-independence history.
- PM Wickremesinghe has taken over as acting president, a move that is questioned by legal experts.
- Bailout talks with the IMF continue, with Wickremesinghe saying he expects a preliminary agreement by late July.
- “Sri Lanka pins last hopes on IMF,” said a recent headline in the Colombo Times newspaper.
- Political parties agreed legislators will elect a new president on July 20 but are struggling to form a new government.
Source: Al Jazeera and news agencies | <urn:uuid:1435710f-8c74-4738-9721-9db038857aa6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/13/sri-lanka-in-crisis-what-when-and-why-explainer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953241 | 892 | 2.234375 | 2 |
At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries the notion of conflict took a new meaning. The issues of wars, terrorism and nationalism have created a new model of civilization, which is aggressive and imperialist towards others. Particular human populations are trying to take priority over others, using all accessible means to achieve that. In times when globalization is an inevitable factor, a conflict determines the existence and development of various cultures, nations and civilizations. We are a small turbine in this great machine. The multidimentional character of the above mentioned nations makes us contemplate and think them over. Paradoxically, a conflict and a war following it, is not less terrible than several dozen years ago. As Alvin Toffler wrote “If the war used to be a very important occupation left to generals, now it is too important to be dealt with by ignorants no matter if they wear a uniform or not. The issue of conflict used to be, is, and will be the nightmare of mankind. Will we win it, the time will only show”.
Book review: Faces of Conflicts: Collection of Analyses and Case Studies. Under the edition of Jarosław J. Piątek and Renata Podgórzańska. Adam Marszałek Publishing House, Toruń 2008, pp. 330.
- Year of publication: 2008
- Source: Show
- Pages: 227-230
- DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2008019 | <urn:uuid:afa2c135-b320-43f3-96a7-4b66bd7f167f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://czasopisma.marszalek.com.pl/10-15804/ppsy/5277-ppsy2008019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.916698 | 317 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Mexico urgently needs a series of structural reforms that will detonate its true economic potential for once and generate more public welfare.
Enrique Pena Nieto QuotesShowing all quotes
|Birth:||20th July, 1966|
Enrique Pena Nieto is a Mexican politician, the current President of Mexico. His six-year term began in 2012. He is a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party and served as governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011. Pena Nieto was declared president-elect after the 2012 general election was declared valid by the Federal Electoral Tribunal, amidst some accusations of electoral fraud.
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Corteva Agriscience, a global pure-play agriculture company focused on enriching the lives of those who produce and those who consume, invites underrepresented minority undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdocs, to register for a program called DELTA (Developing Emerging Leaders and Talent in Agriculture). Ideal participants are interested in a career in agriculture and want to learn more about sustainable and reliable food production.
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James D. Livingston. Arsenic and Clam Chowder: Murder in Gilded Age New York. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010. Illustrations. vi + 205 pp. $19.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-4384-3179-6.
Reviewed by Jeffrey S. Adler (University of Florida)
Published on H-Law (February, 2013)
Commissioned by Christopher R. Waldrep (San Francisco State University)
Murder and Greed in Patrician New York
On August 30, 1895, Evelina Livingston Bliss, a member of New York’s patrician Livingston family, ingested arsenic, and a day later she died, likely at the hands of her ne’er-do-well daughter, leading to one of the most sensational and salacious murder trials in late nineteenth-century New York City. Author James D. Livingston, a distant cousin of the victim and the killer, recounts the murder of Bliss and particularly the trial of her daughter, Mary Alice Livingston, who seemed destined to become the first woman executed in the state’s electric chair. A physicist by training and an amateur historian by avocation, the author provides a colorful, fast-paced narrative, written in the true-crime genre.
Occurring in the heyday of newspaper wars and “yellow journalism,” the Livingston case commanded the attention of New Yorkers, as the nearly seven-week trial featured liberal doses of sex, greed, and murder, all involving one of the state’s leading families. The mother of three illegitimate children and pregnant with a fourth when Bliss died, Mary Alice Livingston, who had already seen the inside of local courtrooms during breach-of-promise lawsuits against two of her children’s fathers, was fast running out money and dependent on her stepfather’s charity at the time of the crime. A trust held more than eighty thousand dollars in Mary Alice Livingston’s name, but she would not receive her inheritance until her mother, who disapproved of her daughter’s lifestyle, was dead. Two days after learning that her stepfather would no longer support her, Mary Alice Livingston instructed Gracie, her ten-year-old daughter, to deliver a pail of clam chowder to her mother--Gracie’s grandmother. After eating the clam chowder, Bliss became sick and immediately speculated that the food had been tainted by relatives wanting her money. The physician who treated Bliss also suspected that his patient had been poisoned. A chemical analysis of the contents of Bliss’s stomach revealed massive amounts of arsenic, and the police soon arrested Mary Alice Livingston, whose immoral lifestyle, privileged background, and unflappable demeanor cast her nicely in the role of the murderous villain. The discovery and courtroom presentation of Mary Alice Livingston’s lurid letters to assorted lovers, some seemingly also revealing her plan to dispatch her mother and thus gain access to her inheritance, added to the courtroom spectacle. A bevy of influential New Yorkers, including the moral reformers Charles Pankhurst and Anthony Comstock, attended portions of the trial and contributed to the circus-like atmosphere.
James D. Livingston, the book’s author, meticulously reconstructs Mary Alice Livingston’s life, various misdeeds, and likely crime, relying largely on newspaper coverage of the lengthy trial. He describes the courtroom proceedings in copious detail, providing extended quotations from testimony as well as from documents presented in the case, most of which were published courtesy of the newspaper war between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. Other newspaper editors, however, also joined the fray and reprinted love letters, interviewed friends and acquaintances of Mary Alice Livingston, offered theories for the murder, and polled mock juries, adding to the media feeding frenzy and generating rich and sometimes scandalous source material for the book’s author. To piece together the story, Livingston consulted an impressive range of New York City newspapers as well as online, searchable nonlocal newspapers. He also drew material from historical studies of the era to provide depth.
Faithful to the true-crime genre, the author rarely drifts from his sharp narrative focus--until the final chapter of the book. This accounts for the strengths and the relative weaknesses of Arsenic and Clam Chowder. On the one hand, Livingston tells a riveting story with energy and verve. The book is laudably free of academic jargon, and the narrative is accessible. The author also skillfully places Mary Alice Livingston’s crime and trial in spatial and chronological context. He describes key sites--the hotel where the killer lived, the courtroom where the legal drama unfolded, and the infamous “Tombs” where Mary Alice Livingston was incarcerated during the trial--in vivid detail. Likewise, the author provides abundant chronological signposts for the reader, linking his story to broader current events, such as the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge and the dedication of the Statue of Liberty.
On the other hand, the author’s effort to reach a general audience results in literary flourishes and rhetorical strategies that are likely to frustrate historians and their students, who need not be reminded, for example, that “there was then [during the 1890s] no Internet, no television, and no radio” or that the phrase “Gay Nineties” “carried no special reference to sexual orientation” (pp. 13, 24). Similarly, for all of Livingston’s skill in mapping the physical setting of late nineteenth-century New York City, he writes about wealth, family life, licentiousness, criminality, forensic evidence, and courtroom proceedings without engaging or drawing from, even implicitly, the historical scholarship on class, gender, sexuality, criminal justice, and science. In addition, the author refrains from framing the topic in broader terms or from suggesting the larger, wider significance of the case. Furthermore, Livingston’s decision to forego citations and instead to provide a brief section on sources at the end of the book results in a slimmer volume, though it often makes it impossible to identify the sources of quotations or to determine the evidence that led the author to draw inferences about motivation. But more than signifying major flaws in the book, these omissions represent missed opportunities, for a fuller examination of the social, cultural, and institutional context would have provided still greater subtlety and nuance to the author’s engaging narrative.
Finally, Arsenic and Clam Chowder ends with an unusual chapter that strays from the trial. Although the evidence against the defendant appeared overwhelming, the jury found her not guilty. Livingston expresses surprise at the verdict and adds that “my personal opinion is that she probably did” commit the murder (p. 160). He also offers a more precise assessment, explaining “my own degree of certainty that she indeed killed her mother is about 75 percent,” after which the author argues that “reasonable doubt” and “degree of certainty” are regrettably subjective, are not amenable to mathematical precision, and are therefore ill suited to death-penalty cases (p. 163). Perhaps more relevant than his observations about the definition of uncertainly in modern life or about subjectivity and imprecision muddling conclusions regarding such issues as global warming might have been a discussion of assumptions about reasonable doubt, sexuality, crime, and scientific evidence in the 1890s. Numerous historical studies, for example, have demonstrated that prosecutors secured convictions in only a small minority of nineteenth-century homicide cases and that convictions of white and wealthy women defendants were rarer still. Thus, the historical scholarship on the topic makes the not-guilty verdict less surprising than Livingston suggests. But despite including a few discordant rhetorical turns and missing a bit of historical context, Livingston has succeeded in writing a thoroughly engaging book. Arsenic and Clam Chowder, with its lively prose and careful attention to detail, might be effective in the classroom, where instructors can add the social and cultural context to Livingston’s fine reconstruction of one of the most celebrated murder trials in late nineteenth-century New York City.
. For example, see Eric H. Monkkonen, Murder in New York City (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 167; Eric H. Monkkonen, “The State from the Bottom Up: Of Homicides and Courts,” Law and Society Review 24 (April 1990): 529; Jeffrey S. Adler, First in Violence, Deepest in Dirt: Homicide in Chicago, 1875-1920 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006), 108-116; Jeffrey S. Adler, “‘It Is His First Offense. We Might As Well Let Him Go’: Homicide and Criminal Justice in Chicago, 1875-1920,” Journal of Social History 40 (Fall 2006): 5-24; and Carolyn B. Ramsey, “Intimate Homicide: Gender and Crime Control, 1880-1920,” University of Colorado Law Review 77 (Winter 2006): 101-190.
James D. Livingston’
a bit of
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the network, at: https://networks.h-net.org/h-law.
Jeffrey S. Adler. Review of Livingston, James D., Arsenic and Clam Chowder: Murder in Gilded Age New York.
H-Law, H-Net Reviews.
|This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.| | <urn:uuid:218cae28-0285-4ada-8cb5-ed8daecaec4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=36662 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.928863 | 2,100 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Throughout the world, terrorist entities and radical Islamic jihadist groups, such as Al Qaeda and Islamic State (ISIS) are adopting newer tactics of terrorist acts. Two of the most recent tactics terrorists are using are: vehicle ramming or car-ramming attacks and using liquid explosive gels hidden inside vehicle tires.
A vehicle-ramming attack is an assault in which a perpetrator deliberately rams a vehicle into a building, crowd of people, or another vehicle. According to Stratfor Global Intelligence analysts, this attack represents a relatively new militant tactic which could prove more difficult to prevent than suicide bombings.
Deliberate vehicle-ramming into a crowd of people is a tactic used by terrorists, becoming a major terrorist tactic in the 2010s because it requires little skill to perpetrate, cars and trucks are widely available, and it has the potential to cause significant casualties. Deliberate vehicle-ramming has also been carried out in the course of other types of crimes, including road rage incidents. Deliberate vehicle-ramming incidents have also sometimes been ascribed to the driver’s psychiatric disorder.
Vehicles have also been used by attackers to breach buildings with locked gates, before detonating explosives, as in the Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack.
According to the American Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the tactic has gained popularity because “Vehicle ramming offers terrorists with limited access to explosives or weapons an opportunity to conduct a homeland attack with minimal prior training or experience”. Vehicles are as easy to acquire as knives, but unlike knives, which may arouse suspicion if found in one’s possession, vehicles are essential for daily life, and the capability of vehicles to cause casualties if used aggressively is underestimated.
Counterterrorism researcher Daveed Gartenstein-Ross of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies told Slate that the tactic has been on the rise in Israel because, “the security barrier is fairly effective, which makes it hard to get bombs into the country”. In 2010, Inspire, the online, English-language magazine produced by al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula urged mujahideen to choose “pedestrian only” locations and make sure to gain speed before ramming their vehicles into the crowd in order to “achieve maximum carnage”.
Vehicle attacks can be carried out by lone-wolf terrorists who are inspired by an ideology, but who are not actually working within a specific political movement or group. Writing for The Daily Beast, Jacob Siegel suggests that the perpetrator of the 2014 Couture-Rouleau attack may be “the kind of terrorist the West could be seeing a lot more of in the future”, a kind that he describes, following Brian Jenkins of the Rand Corporation, as “stray dogs”, rather than lone wolves, characterizing them as “misfits” who are “moved from seething anger to spontaneous deadly action” by exposure to Islamist propaganda. A 2014 propaganda video by ISIS encouraged French sympathizers to use cars to run down civilians.
According to Clint Watts, of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, where he is a senior fellow and expert on terrorism, the older model where members of groups like Al Qaeda would “plan and train together before going to carry out an attack, became defunct around 2005”, due to increased surveillance by Western security agencies. Watts says that Anwar al-Awlaki, the American born al-Qaeda imam, as a key figure in this shift, addressing English-speakers in their own language and urging them to “Do your own terrorism and stay in place”.
Jamie Bartlett, who heads the Violence and Extremism Program at Demos, a British think tank, explains that “the internet in the last few years has both increased the possibilities and the likelihood of lone-wolf terrorism”, supplying isolated individuals with ideological motivation and technique. For authorities in Western countries, the difficulty is that even in a case like that of the perpetrator of the 2014 Couture-Rouleau attack, where Canadian police had identified the attacker, taken away his passport, and were working with his family and community to steer him away from jihad, vehicle attacks can be hard to prevent because, “it’s very difficult to know exactly what an individual is planning to do before a crime is committed. We cannot arrest someone for thinking radical thoughts; it’s not a crime in Canada”.
Commenting on explosive gels hidden inside vehicle tires, Office of the US Director of National Intelligence said, terrorists may pursue efforts to use explosives made of liquid gel, for example VBIEDs to conduct mass-casualty attacks. Such assessment is based on interest communicated via online platforms and in terrorist publications, as well as on previous VBIED-related incidents and attacks. Such type of explosives are typically constructed using common vehicles found locally, making them inconspicuous and potentially difficult to detect just by observation. Such explosives have been used effectively overseas, and previous attacks serve as examples of how they might be employed in the West.
In 2014, a foreign terrorist organization published instructions for building and deploying VBIEDs. The magazine specifically encourages targeting mass gatherings and identifies which VBIED is best suited for killing individuals as opposed to destroying structures or facilities. It encourages using VBIED components that do not trigger security tripwires and waiting to construct the device until several hours before the operation so that security is unaware of attack planning.
Since 2009, there have been 10 incidents demonstrating sustained intent to use VBIEDs in the United States, including the attempted bombing in Times Square, New York, in May 2010 that used a VBIED containing approximately 300 pounds of explosives, as well as a plot emanating from Lubbock, Texas, in 2011 that involved procuring explosive precursors to conduct an attack in New York City.
What are the tactics to counter threats posed by similar terrorist attacks?
According to the Office of the US Director of National Intelligence, a collective approach between government and industry stakeholders can ensure an effective and proportionate response to prevent similar attacks or minimize the effects. For these certain issues need to be taken into consideration:
Special events and their associated security footprints often encompass not only a central location or venue, but also much of the surrounding area, including adjacent buildings, roads, sidewalks, multi-use paths, and mass transit.
Consider pedestrian-friendly streetscapes, physical security measures, and conventional traffic principles to prevent vehicle access or limit proximity to a site by closing as many roads as possible in the surrounding area of the event.
Crowds may have to be screened prior to event entry. Flows of people typically bottleneck at predictable locations such as security checkpoints and public transit stations.
Anticipate locations where large crowds (demonstrators and protestors) might not regularly gather.
Review security modifications to ensure emergency response routes are not impeded.
Ensure all potential security and response stakeholders are familiar with changes made to a venue and its surrounding areas.
Please follow Blitz on Google News channel | <urn:uuid:57bc5601-e7f5-4979-8ac2-1b2736e164fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.weeklyblitz.net/counterterrorism/terrorists-worldwide-adopt-newer-tactics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957404 | 1,484 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Vitamin C Drugs Market: Introduction
- Vitamins are substances that are required by the body for normal growth and development
- Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an antioxidant that is important for the bones, skin, and connective tissue. It facilitates healing of the body and helps in absorption of iron. It plays a vital role in maintaining proper immune function and is widely recommended to avoid infections such as COVID-19.
- Vitamin C is present in citrus fruits and vegetables such as red and green peppers, tomatoes, and broccoli. Cereals also contain vitamin C.
- Vitamin C is important for pregnant/breastfeeding women, burn victims, and patients recovering from surgery. Most dieticians and other healthcare professionals recommend consumption of fruits and vegetables containing vitamin C, rather than supplements.
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Key Drivers and Restraints of Global Vitamin C Drugs Market
- The global vitamin C drugs market is primarily driven by a rise in awareness regarding vitamin C supplements for improvement of body functions and an increase in number healthcare professionals recommending vitamin C. Furthermore, an increase in number of youth focusing on healthy lifestyle and opting for vitamin C syrups, capsules, and other forms is projected to boost the market during the forecast period.
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Respiratory diseases segment to account for major share of global vitamin C drugs market
- In terms of form, the global vitamin C drugs market can be classified into tablets, capsules, syrups, injections, and others
- The tablets segment is anticipated to dominate the global market during the forecast period, due to an increase in number of women with iron deficiency, rise in emphasis on improving lifestyle & diet, emphasis on consumption of vitamins & minerals, and increase in expenditure on health & fitness
Dietary supplement segment to account for major share of global vitamin C drugs market
- In terms of application, the global vitamin C drugs market can be classified into dietary supplement, ascorbic acid deficiency (scurvy), urinary acidification, macular degeneration, and others
- The dietary supplement segment is anticipated to dominate the global market during the forecast period. Rise in demand for vitamin C dietary supplements for management of better health, iron deficiency, and boosting immunity are various factors that are projected to drive the segment.
North America to dominate global vitamin C drugs market
- In terms of region, the global vitamin C drugs market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America is projected to dominate the global vitamin C drugs market during the forecast period, due to increase in focus on improving diet & lifestyle and growing adoption of vitamin supplements for health improvement.
- The market in Asia Pacific is anticipated to be driven by an increase in number of patients with vitamin deficiency, need to improve women health & increase iron intake, and rise in number of awareness campaigns in schools & colleges. However, according to various reports from the government of India, vitamin C is not likely to be sold as a drug after approval of The Department of Pharmaceuticals’ proposal. According to the proposal by The Department of Pharmaceuticals (India), vitamin C can be obtained from a variety of food products and stated that it is not a critical medicine that requires drug price regulation.
Key Players Operating in Global Vitamin C Drugs Market
The global vitamin C drugs market is highly fragmented, with a large number of domestic players accounting for major market share. Key players operating in the global vitamin C drugs market are:
- Pfizer Inc.
- AdvaCare Pharma
- The Himalaya Drug Company
- Gracure Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- Modern Laboratories
- GlaxoSmithKline plc
- Nicholas Piramal India Ltd.
- Piramal Healthcare Limited
- Stanmark Pharmaceuticals
- Shalina Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
- Medreich Saimirra Ltd.
- EAST AFRICAN (INDIA) REMEDIES PVT.LTD
Global Vitamin C Drugs Market: Research Scope
Global Vitamin C Drugs Market, by Form
Global Vitamin C Drugs Market, by Application
- Dietary Supplement
- Ascorbic Acid Deficiency (Scurvy)
- Urinary Acidification
- Macular Degeneration
Interested in this report?
Get a FREE Brochure now! | <urn:uuid:4c313e48-6c13-4f6b-a760-7bff8ae163ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/vitamin-c-drugs-market.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.897646 | 955 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Schedules include a specified number of days and hours based on prior organization and specific agreements between the employee and the employer.
Create an employee’s schedule:
You can create an employee’s schedule through “Payrolls” – “Employees”.
You will be automatically directed to the “Employees” home page, where you can click on “Schedules” at the top of the page.
Then you will be automatically directed to the “Schedules” page where you can create a new schedule by clicking on “New Schedule” at the top right of the page.
On the schedule page, you can:
Type in the “Schedule Name” (in Arabic and English)
Specify the number of “Shifts” and “Day of Week”, as well as the “Start Time” for each shift.
Determine the “Required Hours” for each shift and the “Kind” of each one.
Determining the “Location” in which the employee will rotate, whether the “Main Branch” or a specific location of the organization.
Fill out all data for the new schedule that you created according to the nature of the work, and then click on “Save”.
Thus, you have completed the steps of adding schedules, and the same steps can be followed to create a new schedule. | <urn:uuid:074c4892-1a0b-432b-ab7c-633605534a3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.qoyod.com/en/kb/schedules/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.898109 | 320 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Help your veterinary clients understand the difference between safe, healthy play and aggressive, traumatic interactions.
Oh, they're just playing … right?
It can be tough to discern the difference between dogs having fun and dogs having a fight-especially if one dog is much larger and stronger than the other. This client handout can help clients spot the signs of normal play. It also details causes for concern and what to do when things get aggressive. Click here or on the image to the right to download a printable copy. | <urn:uuid:d821c09a-23ac-4e1a-ba23-e07cbaaad483> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dvm360.com/view/client-handout-my-dog-playing-or-fighting?bid=1776897&eid=222823903 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954374 | 105 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Millennium Project Newsletter 7.0
1. What's Next for the COVID Pandemic?
2. World Future Day March 1, 2021
3. TIA for Pakistan 's State of the Future Index
4. The Philippines Becomes the 67th Node
5. Short Video Reports from Nodes Available
6. RIBER (Ibero-American Prospective Network)
7. FEN (Foresight European Network)
8. Narrow AI to Artificial General Intelligence
25th anniversary of The Millennium Project
Saturday February 14th 2021 on St. Valentine’s Day was the 25th Anniversary of The Millennium Project.
A review of last 25 years of The Millennium Project - https://www.slideshare.net/JeromeGlenn/25th-anniversary-of-the-millennium-project
Futures Literacy Summit 2020 (Virtual)
8-12 December 2020
UNESCO is inviting the world to learn about Futures Literacy at an innovative virtual Summit that will start on December 8th and run to December 12th. This event marks the culmination of a highly successful strand of UNESCO’s work as a global laboratory of ideas. By collecting evidence of the power and impact of empowering people to ‘use-the-future’ more effectively UNESCO has set the stage for advancing a new essential competency for the 21st Century: Futures Literacy. The Covid-19 pandemic shock has amply demonstrated both the importance and timeliness of this work by pointing out that yesterday’s approaches to the future generate dangerous fragility and brittleness. Transforming the Future: Anticipation in the 21st Century (available in English, Arabic and French)
Capacity to Decolonise (C2D)
The co-design workshop held in May 2020 allowed for the creative, collective design of the C2D project, using Futures Literacy (FL) as a method.
In an increasingly complicated, fractured and uncertain world, it is becoming even more important for communities to build their capacities to imagine and ultimately design their own futures – even more so in a post-colonial context. This realisation has profound but unresolved implications for traditional development research, practice and funding theories and practices.
The Capacity to Decolonise (C2D) is a proposition for a large, multi-year action research programme focused on the role of “futures literacy”* as a core capability to expanding imagination, choice and agency for action. As such, we hypothesise that building FL in communities can contribute to empowering them through and for decolonisation. The premise is to use the future in capability-based development which makes that development novel and efficient by strengthening a community’s ability to use their own local traditions, culture and values in defining and addressing local key challenges. Geographically the project focuses initially on Africa, but will also acknowledge the global context. | <urn:uuid:8a956193-3262-4491-a950-b129642f362c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sampnode.org.za/index.php?limitstart=8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.892698 | 673 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Even today, at more than four hundred years since Galileo Galilei first saw it by telescope, planet Mars continues to amaze the astronomers. The InSight lander (The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) was launched by NASA two years ago towards the Red Planet, with the purpose of studying the depths of the space object’s interior.
As Sky News reveals, NASA reported that InSight detected mysterious rumblings coming from the interior of Mars.
Mysterious energy may have caused the recent quakes on Mars
The Red Planet was recently jolted by Marsquakes, as we’ve written in a previous article. Scientists now have the hunch that the seismic activity was caused by a mysterious energy that came from the planet’s interior. The rumblings are believed to have their origin in the Martian location known as Cerberus Fossae.
The recent jolts from Mars were magnitude 3.3 and 3.1, respectively. These shakings also raised the suspicion that our neighbouring planet may be volcanically active.
NASA continues to take its ambition very seriously to learn as much about Mars as possible. The space agency plans to send humans there in the recent future, meaning that any information about the Red Planet could be crucial. NASA’s Perseverance rover has recently dropped off Ingenuity on Mars, a mini helicopter.
#MarsHelicopter touchdown confirmed! Its 293 million mile (471 million km) journey aboard @NASAPersevere ended with the final drop of 4 inches (10 cm) from the rover's belly to the surface of Mars today. Next milestone? Survive the night. https://t.co/TNCdXWcKWE pic.twitter.com/XaBiSNebua
— NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) April 4, 2021
Ingenuity will be lacking the power and heat that it was receiving from Perseverance. However, this doesn’t mean that the helicopter cannot do it all on its own. Ingenuity will be using its solar panels to draw energy from the Sun.
About 3.7 billion years ago, Mars was dominated by rivers and lakes, just like Earth. Scientists still hope to find some remnants of those ancient times and also traces of microbial life. | <urn:uuid:656e9f07-f75e-4222-a28a-0278a9d1a899> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healththoroughfare.com/science/peculiar-rumblings-coming-from-mars-interior-point-to-a-mysterious-form-of-energy/30915 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950584 | 480 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Body Language for confidence
There are many different things that will both influence your confidence and also be influenced by your confidence.
Confidence is often a somewhat circular subject matter and this can often make it hard to know where to start.
This is the case with body language. Being confident gives you better body language. But having better body language also makes you more confident!
What Does Confident Bodylanguage Look Like?
Confident body language basically involves looking relaxed and calm. Many of us assume that confident body language will necessarily involve looking menacing or intimidating, but the reality is that this makes us look defensive.
Likewise, attempting to look aloof or cool will simply make you look like a try-hard. Remember the kids at school who smoked in their leather jackets and were just kind of tragic?
Being truly confident means you have nothing to prove, it means you aren’t overly concerned about what other people think and it means you’re able to relax because you feel unthreatened.
For instance, while some people might think that having their arms crossed makes them seem aloof and indifferent, the reality is that it makes them look guarded and uncertain.
In contrast, if you have your arms apart and your legs apart, you are allowing yourself to be vulnerable. This instantly makes you seem far more confident because you aren’t concerned about threats from others and because you’re allowing yourself to take up lots of space!
Look comfy and you look calm. Look calm and you appear confident!
More Signs of Confidence
There are other signs that you are confident that go beyond the comfort of course. One example is the subtle indication of ownership. There are many ways you can subtly imply ownership but the most common is touching. If you lean against a doorway, or if you put your arm across the back of the sofa, it creates the impression that you feel almost as though you own that thing.
That’s why leaning on a wall or doorframe is a surefire way to communicate a lot of self-confidence.
The same actually goes for touching people. And this is why touching someone on the shoulder can make you seem much more confident – especially if it is done in an encouraging and non-threatening way.
Remember though: body language is best read as a whole. It’s not so much a matter of each individual aspect of your body language that will convey a sentiment as it is the entire package.
About the Author
Maurice is the founder of Master Your Personality and originator of the concept of "The 5 Sources of Happiness". He is a certified health and life success coach and he helps people to have a healthier life, more confidence and create the mindset that leads to owning your desired life and get what you want in life. | <urn:uuid:5285316d-9320-45c5-9c06-a66f4382e294> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://masteryourpersonality.com/2021/08/08/body-language-for-confidence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961467 | 573 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Headlines have continued to serve a multitude of purposes since the dawn of printed newspapers. Back in the day headlines had to be eye-catching, yet reflect what the news piece was all about. Also, back then headlines could afford to be slightly longer than they are today. Fast forward to the age of Google, and the emphasis has shifted towards making headlines search-friendly. So, not only are they supposed to be eye-catching but include the intended keywords and be contained within Google’s character limit.
A few years later and today there is another shift in the way people use the internet because now most information is accessed through social media. So, a headline today needs to serve all the purposes above and yet be sharable and make people want to click on it because that’s the only way word of your article or blog post will get around.
So, what is a good headline today? Well, there are several key components we think that every headline should include. However, the fundamentals of headline writing haven’t changed drastically because they still need to be human-readable. The only difference is that today humans have shorter attention spans and are bombarded by hundreds of headlines each day. So, your headlines need to be very very good!
Below we discuss exactly how to write awesome headlines, and the good news is that with some practice anyone should be able to do it!
So, what’s the secret sauce for writing killer headlines? Well, it is to write many and let the public choose which ones they like.
If you’re working on a landing page, consider writing 25 different variations of the landing page’s main headline. A/B test them to find which are being clicked on the most and which happen to get the most shares. That alone will tell you which formula is working. It is essential to consider the fact that every audience is different. So, while some industries may require that their headlines be grammatically excellent, that may not apply to yours. So, don’t worry about grammar when drafting headlines. Also, don’t worry about the length so as long as it gets the point across impactfully.
It goes without saying that your headline accounts for up to 50% of a web page or blog post’s effectiveness. If the headline isn’t clickable and powerful, your content marketing efforts are never going to bear fruit. That being said adding figures to your headline is a surefire way to add the required impact.
Adding data and numbers into your headline is a great way to make it enticing to readers. There are several studies which show that headlines that have numbers generate up to 73% more shares on social media, and that translates to more engagement.
Numbers work like brain candy. Our brains are very receptive to numbers and so adding them to any headline instantly makes it alluring. The human brain likes to analyze and order information logically. When we see numbers like 9, or 3 it immediately lights up.
However, there are a couple of rules for using numbers in your headlines:
Our brains believe odd numbers more than it does even numbers according to the Content Marketing Institute. On average odd numbers like the number 13 has been shown to increase click-through rates by 20%.
We and many successful content marketers have used this technique to write great headlines, many of which have gone viral. The term ‘rationale,’ means an underlying reason for why something is done or is that way. For instance, if you want people to read what you’ve written, there should be a good reason for them to do so. Think why would anyone want to spend their time reading what you’ve written?
Here are a couple of rationales you might have run into when browsing the internet and had no idea why they were used so often:
We’ve also come up with a couple of examples for you which can be mimicked too:
The purpose of any headline is to grab a viewer’s attention. So, every headline needs to be able to grab the attention of the person viewing it. As human beings and people living in the internet age, we are constantly bombarded with things which are vying for our attention. Not to mention that all this bling has reduced our attention spans significantly in the past decade alone.
Today, the average person has a shorter attention span than a goldfish, at just 8.25 seconds compared to the beautiful sea creature which has a whopping 9 seconds! The headline should get their attention long enough so that they get to the first sentence of your article, blog or web page. If you’re able to accomplish this goal successfully, you’ll convert that reader into a customer.
Now before we go into any details, it is essential to understand the 4 U’s of creating attention driven headlines:
Now we get asked a lot by people who want to know how if the headline they have come up with is unique. Well that’s easy, fire up Google, and enclose the headline you’ve come up with in double quotes ‘“’. If the search results bring up headlines just like yours then it’s back to the drawing board for you, if not, then you might have a winner.
Another critical element to insert is a sense of urgency. However, this mainly works for headlines which are conversion driven. A sense of urgency gets a potential client or customer to act right away, because if they don’t, then they lose an opportunity. Adding urgency into a conversion-driven headline gets a visitor to act on emotion rather than logic. That needs to tie into creating a feeling of scarcity.
Mega websites like Amazon use both urgency and scarcity to sell products primarily in the gadgets category. If you look at an Amazon listing there is a reason why it shows the number of products left in stock and how much a discount is saving you. It’s a subtle way to nudge visitors to buy the product.
Here are a few examples:
You always want to make sure that the headline is useful. There is no point crafting a headline that’s unique, includes urgency and scarcity but isn’t helpful to the reader.
Common words and the use of adjectives that regular people can relate to can help bolster the quality of your headlines. Not only that, but it will encourage others to share your content.
A couple of interesting adjectives that should spice up any headline include: painstaking, strange, free, fun, effortless, absolute, essential, incredible, etc.
Here are a couple of examples:
The foundation of any winning headline is its structure which we refer to as its formula. A good copywriter uses a couple of different formulas depending on the type of content he or she is drafting.
While the formulas aren’t set in stone, they do give you a good starting point. After which you are free to tweak the resulting headline slightly to suit your needs.
Some bloggers start by writing their content and then drafting the headline. That way, they can give the headline a good bit of thought. However, you need to find the right approach for yourself.
In our experience some of the best headlines are written by people who specialize in writing fitness copy. They identify the problem, offer up a solution, and then finish off with a promise. For instance “How to Increase your Muscle Mass after 50 Without Weights?”
Here are a couple of phrases that you can include as any headline’s opening to instantly make it more appealing:
“Little Known Ways”: Loads of websites use this formula to write their headlines.
“Get Rid of a [issue] forever”: Everyone wants to get rid of a problem like belly fat, rounded shoulders, low traffic, a nagging wife! Though this opener is best suited for businesses in the fitness industry.
“Who Else Wants”: This style works mainly because it auto-generates the right answer in the mind of the reader. It converts well for many different types of products including webinars.
Here are a couple of examples:
What’s the point of using any headline formula if it does not produce the results you want? That’s where measuring the success of your headline comes in. Your goal should be to find what works so that you’re not wasting time.
Now there are a couple of ways to measure the success of your headlines:
Client Inquiries: You will want to measure the number of inquires receive over a period of 3 months. Even a few client inquiries mean that your headline is on the right track. All you need is to perhaps further optimize the headline and split test it with your existing one to see if it bears better results.
Share on Social Media: How many social shares have your headlines generated? Obviously, the more, the better. Though make sure that your social sharing buttons are enabled, because for this to work people need a quick way to share whatever you’re selling or talking about.
Number of Comments: Now this is very controversial because the comments don’t entirely depend on how good the headline is but that’s just another metric to consider. The headline draws people in, and so if there are more people drawn to your blog post, for instance, there will be more people reading it, and that should mean more comments. So, more comments are always better than little or no comments.
Writing a killer headline takes time, experience, and practice. Sure, there are ways to hack it, but at the end of the day you’ll need to put a lot of effort into producing something that works. However, the results you see from that effort makes it all worth it. | <urn:uuid:0c71d38f-44e0-4fcc-89e8-eea4e4e9732c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scopedesign.com/website-content-worksheet/draft-flawlessly-awesome-headlines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954567 | 2,022 | 1.898438 | 2 |
It’s just one of those things you do. Like hitting the snooze button on your alarm clock, starting your day with a coffee fix is second nature to many Americans. Some need it to jump start the day. Some need it to boost their energy level during the afternoon. And some just can’t live without it. You know who you are.
At the office, like at home and elsewhere, coffee is a diet staple. We claim it makes us productive and focused, and doesn’t turn us into crazed addicts. While the jury is still out on how behavior is affected by coffee, recent studies have shown what millions of workers pray daily to be true, that coffee may be good for you after all.
That’s right. I’ll say it again. Coffee may be good for you. It could help decrease risks to cancer, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and extend your life by several years. This makes coffee an even better (and dare I say healthier) choice when you are at work and looking to quench thirst and boost energy.
To celebrate this astounding milestone, check out some of the most recent coffee trends:
- The Pour Over—a super-fresh, hand poured single cup of joe
- Cold Brew—requires 12 hours of cold soaking course-ground beans and then filtering them
So go ahead and pick up that mug or traveling cup, you’ve earned it. | <urn:uuid:6e8123ce-269c-44ec-8307-cbb8f5422a28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elevatedny.com/blog/2012/10/coffee-at-work-is-it-good-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945907 | 303 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Maximizing natural light for indoor illumination has several benefits, such as reduced energy consumption and improved aesthetics. Daylighting has also been proven to have health benefits, including regulating body clocks and promoting healthy amounts of sleep. If you’re looking into investing in replacement windows to optimize your home for daylighting, here are some strategies you should consider.
Balanced lighting – It’s important to remember that a room can be overly lit if not planned properly. For example, repeatedly accessing a brightly lit room from a dark hallway causes unnecessary eyestrain. In this case, either you light up the hallway, perhaps installing a window at the end of the hall, or control the room’s brightness through window treatments or specially designed window glass. At Renewal by Andersen®, we can offer our own High-Performance™ Low-E4® SmartSun™ glass.
Reflective outdoor surfaces – If you have that room that needs daylighting but can’t have it because of windows positioned at odd angles, placing reflective materials can help. Avoid using metallic surfaces. You can paint the wall or fence opposite the said window instead with white or some other light color. For upper-level rooms, consider having specialty windows installed.
Avoid glare – A minor downside of too-bright rooms is the amount of glare it casts in a room. If you happen to have a home office, constant glare can be disruptive if you have glass-screened laptops, desktop monitors, or televisions. Window treatments and treated glass are ideal options.
Low-E glass – An important point to remember when optimizing for daylighting is that direct sunlight carries solar heat and UV rays. Single-glazed, untreated glass is the last thing you want on your windows. Choose windows with low Solar Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC) and low-E glass. Our High-Performance Low-E4 glass options filters solar heat and UV rays while letting through as much natural light as clear glass does.
Renewal by Andersen of Milwaukee can help you make the most of daylighting with our various window options. From our traditional casement window to large picture windows, you can brighten up any room in your home. You can also expect more energy savings because we use insulating glass and frames for your windows.
We are happy to help homeowners in Milwaukee, WI, and the nearby areas. Call us today at (877) 977-3639 or fill out our contact form to schedule your free in-home consultation. | <urn:uuid:fa3f72b4-c425-44fe-9500-2dac96e9d0ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rbamilwaukee.com/windows/4-home-strategies-for-maximum-daylighting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927548 | 512 | 1.734375 | 2 |
How to Add a Customizable Drop Shadow to an Image using Python
When you want to add a little more depth and detail to a 2-dimensional image, drop shadows are a great choice — they’re used commonly in professional images (in logos, for example) and amateur images alike. Our Drop Shadow API allows you to generate customizable drop shadows for an input image based on specific parameters including vertical & horizontal offset, sigma (blur distance), and opacity. With this API, you can add an exciting new feature to your website’s image processing operations and personalize your images that much more.
In the below demonstration, we’ll walk through how to call this API using ready-to-run Python code examples. Before taking the below steps, however, you should first register a free account on our website to get the necessary API key to authenticate the operation (we’ll explain where to include that below).
For our first step, let’s install the Python SDK:
pip install cloudmersive-image-api-client
Then, let’s include the imports:
from __future__ import print_function
from cloudmersive_image_api_client.rest import ApiException
from pprint import pprint
Now it’s time to include the API key authorization snippet & fill that in. After that, copy in the rest of the code & configure your parameters before calling the API:
# Configure API key authorization: Apikey
configuration = cloudmersive_image_api_client.Configuration()
configuration.api_key['Apikey'] = 'YOUR_API_KEY'# create an instance of the API class
api_instance = cloudmersive_image_api_client.EditApi(cloudmersive_image_api_client.ApiClient(configuration))
x = 56 # int | Horizontal (X) offset of the drop shadow
y = 56 # int | Vertical (Y) offset of the drop shadow
sigma = 56 # int | Sigma (blur distance) of the drop shadow
opacity = 56 # int | Opacity of the drop shadow; 0 is 0% and 100 is 100%
image_file = '/path/to/inputfile' # file | Image file to perform the operation on. Common file formats such as PNG, JPEG are supported.try:
# Add a customizeable drop shadow to an image
api_response = api_instance.edit_drop_shadow(x, y, sigma, opacity, image_file)
except ApiException as e:
print("Exception when calling EditApi->edit_drop_shadow: %s\n" % e)
No more fuss — that’s all the code you’ll need. | <urn:uuid:4c9d02f6-484f-4b56-a93b-dfd9fead10af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cloudmersive.medium.com/how-to-add-a-customizable-drop-shadow-to-an-image-using-python-59026e21dac2?source=post_internal_links---------4---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.748863 | 617 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Brexit is without doubt the biggest talking point in the country at the moment.
During the latest development in the long-running saga, MPs will vote on amendments on Tuesday, January 29 which call on Prime Minister Theresa May to rule out no deal or to delay the UK's departure from the EU.
Currently, the UK is set to leave the EU on March 29, 2019.
An amendment tabled by Labour MP Yvette Cooper and Conservative MP Nick Boles could extend Article 50, which triggered the UK's withdrawal from the EU, by nine months, unless Mrs May can secure a deal by the end of February.
Ahead of the Commons votes, 1,000 people in Nottinghamshire were surveyed over six statements asking about the future of Brexit.
These included whether a second referendum on Brexit should be held and whether another General Election should be called after Mrs May's deal was decisively rejected in the House of Commons earlier this month.
- To what extent do you agree with this statement: "I wanted my MP to vote for the Brexit deal proposed by Theresa May"
- Nottinghamshire: 29.7 percent agreed and 43.5 percent disagreed
- Derbyshire: 28.5 percent agreed and 41.2 percent disagreed
- Leicestershire: 27.2 percent agreed and 40.4 percent disagreed
- To what extent do you agree with this statement: "As Theresa May's Brexit deal was rejected by Parliament, a General Election should be called"
- Nottinghamshire: 26.4 percent agreed and 50.6 percent disagreed
- Derbyshire: 23.3 percent agreed and 51.9 percent disagreed
- Leicestershire: 26.1 percent agreed and 51.2 percent disagreed.
Responding to this figure, Conservative MP for Broxtowe Anna Soubry said: "I am particularly struck by a lack of support for a General Election. Nottinghamshire folk are not stupid and they know it will solve nothing."
- To what extent do you agree with this statement: "As Theresa May's Brexit deal was rejected by Parliament, a new referendum should be called."
- Nottinghamshire: 36.9 percent agreed and 44.9 percent disagreed
- Derbyshire: 30.9 percent agreed and 48.9 percent disagreed
- Leicestershire: 33.2 percent agreed and 48.3 percent disagreed
Ms Soubry, who has strongly backed a second referendum or "People's Vote", added: "All I know is that I go out as much as I can every Saturday with the Nottinghamshire People's Vote campaign and our 'Brexitometer' shows a majority of people want a People's Vote.
"We have certainly gone from being on the fringes of the debate to the very heart of how we get out of the Brexit mess and impasse in Parliament. Now we know the details of Brexit, people are entitled to a final say."
- To what extent do you agree with this statement: "If another referendum was held, it should include the option to stop Brexit and remain in the EU"
- Nottinghamshire: 45.9 percent agreed and 38 percent disagreed.
- Derbyshire: 36.2 percent agreed and 44.5 percent disagreed.
- Leicestershire: 41.5 percent agreed and 39.9 percent disagreed.
To what extent do you agree with this statement: "A no-deal Brexit needs to be avoided at all costs"
- Nottinghamshire: 44.9 percent agreed and 27.7 percent disagreed.
- Derbyshire: 38.3 percent agreed and 23.3 percent disagreed.
- Leicestershire: 42.5 percent and 28 percent disagreed.
The final question asked produced a resoundingly negative result across the board.
To what extent do you agree with this statement: "I have been impressed by the way Westminster politicians have conducted the Brexit debate."
- Nottinghamshire: 5.1 percent agreed and 72.8 percent disagreed.
- Derbyshire: 6.1 percent agreed and 71.5 percent disagreed.
-Leicestershire: 5.2 percent agreed and 73.2 percent disagreed.
The option to neither agree nor disagree with each statement was also provided in the survey.
(We also asked two Nottinghamshire Labour MPs for comments but they are yet to respond) | <urn:uuid:2169fc83-7d29-44e2-9332-6261b93c746c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/surveyed-nottinghamshire-latest-brexit-what-2479465 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951701 | 889 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Association football, more commonly called just soccer or football, is an organized team game played between two sides of eleven players. It’s played throughout the world by about 250 million players, making it the second most popular sport in the world. This game has multiple facets, including offense, defense, and special teams. Many of its rules can also be modified to allow for extra points, time limits, or penalty yards. Regardless of what team is playing, the objective is the same: score more points than the other team.
Unlike rugby, which is played with one ball, soccer relies on several balls during play. The football is the primary ball used in Association football. The object of the game is to kick the ball around the field while it’s in play. In addition to that, there are two fouls each team has to pay: a penalty kick and a Corner Kick. A Corner Kick is when the ball travels a specific number of yards from either side of the goal line before it is kicked again; a penalty kick is when the ball is kicked but doesn’t return further than the goal line.
As previously mentioned, Association football is played with eleven players on each team. However, unlike rugby, both the center forward and wide receiver must stand behind the ball, which makes the position back in the game. To play the game, players wear football uniforms that consist of short sleeves, dark pants, and black shoes. Aside from those uniforms, the rules and regulations for football are the same for all sports.
The game of Association football was created in FIFA, the governing body of international soccer. The game was first adopted in France, and soon spread to all of Europe, Australia, and America. As its popularity grew, so did the competitions, which became World Cups. A worldwide television audience enjoys these tournaments, which attract millions of fans. A tournament like the World Cup attracts fans from all corners of the earth, and the United States has also been one of its biggest fans.
In association football, the object is to be the first team to score a goal from the opposite team by kicking the ball into the goal. Unlike other sports, the object is not to score points with a single touch, but scores when the ball is kicked. The game usually involves two teams, with the two contrasting sides working separately on an individual pitch. Another interesting aspect of Association football is the goal-line, which the referee at the point of the ball marks with a white line.
The game of Association football is very different from soccer because of its nature. Due to the separation between the two sports, the game of Association football requires a different set of rules than its counterpart. For this reason, American football and soccer have different codes, which were created by different governing bodies. Thus, it can be said that the Association football started as an international soccer competition and then turned into an American competitive sport, but that is another story. | <urn:uuid:e0d7a278-b86c-4f9a-8ed3-e620ce317817> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.triplehtacklingacademy.com/association-football/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.981449 | 598 | 2.53125 | 3 |
MishraShivendra opened this issue · comments
I am wondering, How is this picture useful to a developer?
Lots of reasons. Sometimes it's for comparison to make sure you using the same device and not a knockoff. It might be someone is interested in one and stumbled across this and didn't know what one looked like. I always have these type pics around for better clarity of pinouts. Regardless of the reason I'd rather have too much information than not enough.
I wish If there would be a better documentation about dev-kit. Something like detailed data-sheet(in English). If one has dev-kit; probably he can see it in his hands and might not like to refer that picture. (Just a suggestion-Never mind)
I tend to agree there. I've depended on pinout, Wiki pages, and general information on ESP8266 to get what I needed.
Then I usually refer to the datasheets for the ESP8266. It would be nice to compile that as it relates to the NodeMCU. | <urn:uuid:0fba9835-babe-4650-bb66-150d536c1654> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://giters.com/nodemcu/nodemcu-devkit/issues/9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.939124 | 291 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Learn Arabic and Darija Learning ( Grammar, Communication and Writing ) Transcription included
This course is for those who want to start learning the Arabic language or who need a deepening knowledge in addition to the courses they are already taking. I am currently teaching private Arabic (classical/literary Arabic and Moroccan Arabic dialect (spoken) in English and frensh as a target language, and English lessons for all ages. Depending on the needs of each student, the sessions could be tailored accordingly. Arabic is a very beautiful language that has a very strong and versatile culture. It is spoken in more than forty countries with over 500 million speakers. Being a TEFL and a Bachelor's degree holder among other certifications, such as education sciences, pedagogical techniques and an Arabic and Darija native speaker, I can help you throughout your learning process to master your Arabic. We may do this through day-to-day communication, grammar enhancement, writing and using a wide array of hand tailored methods to facilitate speaking from day one. If you beleive that this class does not suit you, you can request a full refund after the first session.
Homework help (French, grammar, communication and math)
Graduated teacher, I offer French language and communication courses, revisions of linguistic rules and help to improve oral and written. I also offer support for students of all types of primary and middle school in mathematics since I had a scientific background in my studies. The contents and methods are adapted to the levels of each one: children, young people and adults. My goal is to make the student progress without overloading him
Language courses by an EDHEC Business School laureate
I am 28 years old and I have been a private tutor for 3 years. Laureate of EDHEC Business School (4th business school in France and internationally recognized for its prestige) and holder of a Master 2 in Finance & Management, I started my professional life after my secondary studies as a private banker then auditor. I decided three years ago to swap my financial suit for that of a private tutor. I offer primary, college and high school tutoring, mainly in the languages I speak, namely FRENCH, ENGLISH, ARAB, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE. I learned these languages during my academic training in high school, then during my graduate studies but also through the trips I made to more than 15 countries. I am a teacher and I know how to be very patient, in order to best support your child and help him improve. For me, each child has his own pace of learning, his own apprehensions when faced with an equation or the conjugation of a verb in a foreign language, it is enough just to identify this apprehension and work together on an effective solution to erase it and exceed. I can provide these courses in Casablanca at your home or via Skype. (although I prefer to work on the course face to face) I remain at your disposal, parents and students,
Private lesson in Maths -Physics, Chemistry- English
Engineering student specializing in aeronautics and high technology. I offer private lessons for primary, college and high school students as well as adults wanting to learn English. My goal is to advance the student and help him in his educational journey.
Private lessons in languages and in life and earth sciences
I provide support courses in French and English for college and high school students. I followed higher studies in English studies and also higher studies in veterinary medicine. Teaching is more than a passion for me but also a dedication.
Learn American English And Culture From An American Tutor
Being an american tutor helps you to learn English by using digital tools to make learning efficient and interactive. English Homework assistance: I will work with you to help you understand your homework. English Grammar: English grammar rules, the back and forth, as written or verbal communication, and the American cultural nuances that arise in everyday conversation. Conversational English: I would like to work with you on a conversation with you. I would like to hear from you. em. Personalized Lessons: I would like to work with you in a more specific way.
private lessons in English for all levels.
Learn to communicate in English by using public speaking techniques, which is a very good method and one that pays off quickly, and by using TED TALKS videos. They are short and very practical videos. And by strengthening the language: grammar, vocabulary, not to mention the written production. For the preparation of the baccalaureate students, I teach my students the tricks of the exam: how to read the text of the examination of the baccalaureate and how to answer the various questions of understanding because it is the major problem that the students face at the exam. Especially when they find a lot of difficult words in the text. After I teach them the language: grammar, vocabulary (phrasal verbs, collocations, and idioms). The last module is the writing production that scares students. I start by teaching students how to write: - The phrase - The paragraph - And the test
BASIC ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN :)
Teacher of English with a BA degree I propose an individualized pedagogy, a help to the preparation of the exams my goal and to progress the student to a higher level without overloading him This course is for adults and students from (primary, college and high school)
Business English Tutoring, Test Prep, Business Presentations and Negociations
I offer English courses for all levels. My courses are customized according to your specific level and your business needs. Be it vocabulary, grammar, listening, reading or speaking. In addition, as I also have a strong business background in the Financial Industry (Wall Street experience of +20 years), I can tailor Classes or One-on-One sessions to a practical Business English environment. My biggest strenght is helping you eliminate roadblacks and speak with confidence: NO FEAR ! (Available to assist for business representations, seminars, workshops and conferences).
French private lessons all levels
I am Senegalese specialist French courses for adults and young adults; entrepreneur, executive and employee ... All my classes are adapted and personalized according to your level, your objective ... If you just want to improve your French especially through conversations on topics in record time it is feasible .. My French classes are intensive, accelerated and effective and the first course is dedicated to the analysis of gaps and strengths.
Experience English Teacher
Experienced Teacher and debate coach
Mathematics, physics and chemistry, svt, French, English
I am a student in 5th year dental medicine, I give additional lessons for the benefit of students in primary or middle school. In science subjects (math, svt, physics and chemistry) and languages (Arabic, English, French)
English and French . From Zero to Hero. Communicate well.
Whether it is to improve your level in general, to travel or to take exams, these lessons will be very useful for you to master the language. If you have been learning English for several months, my lessons will be useful to take you to the next level. They will help you avoid making some very common mistakes in English.
English Lessons for all levels. Learn English as a foreign language.
I'm a CELTA-certified English teacher. I have experience teaching, and tutoring, kids, teens, and adults. I try to make the learning experience fun for my students. I have a seven-year long teaching experience with several age groups and levels.
Learn to speak English in the easiest and most fun way
English is the number ONE language in the world for people who want to learn new skills either for professional or personal objectives. English is more important than ever, and not being able to use it can make your life harder and full of obstacles. Graduated from an American university, I was equipped with the necessary toolset to teach English for the last 6 years. My classes are very flexible, fun, interesting, and different from the boring classes we all know. If interested, please contact me so we can start your journey to becoming a fluent English speaker. | <urn:uuid:aefba6d7-790c-4c95-b9c8-ab5ee8be33ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.apprentus.com/en/private-lessons/casablanca/tutoring/writing/english-ielts-toefl-business-grammar-speak | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952438 | 1,749 | 1.984375 | 2 |
I just moved to America pursuing my . I did see some other projects for closing and opening (automatically) the curtains , I certainly wanted to build . Picture of Automatic Window Curtains. It worked ok for a while, but . Arduino -Based Curtain Automation, Mk 2. In a world full of gadgets, the common maker is in their element.
An assembly that pulls the curtains at morning and night. Looking for a good way to pull open those blind in the morning without needing to get out of bed? Summer is just around the corner, and managing your window blinds is an important step to keeping your house cool and lowering your energy . The project is “Motorized Curtain ” with Remote control. I have experience programming microcontrollers, but not arduino.
I built a controller so that I can open and close my curtains from the . The system should detect the. Curtain Opener and Closer project circuit diagram and working. With the development of smart home industry, smart curtain is going to come into the life of people.
One bracket will hold the blinds in place and the other will hold the step motor, which rotates the curtain axle. The Add-A-Motor Automatic Drapery Opener (ADO) provides an economical way to control your draperies and vertical blinds. Curtain opener will open and close the curtain of your home just by pressing a switch. A mind snapped into my mind how about I create an electric curtain opener closer(? Is that how I am supposed to say that?) to shut the curtains.
It runs on an Adafruit Feather HUZZAH . This system features time . Hands-free garage door opener. Open your curtains on a timer. I later build a curtain opener that slides the curtain open as soon as.
DIY Automatic Sunblinds Using $Servo Motor. You could do the same thing with a TV remote control or a garage door opener. Automatic curtain opener with arduino steps pictures latest captures For example photo, we include written directions and a gallery with . I build an automatic curtain opener for my room.
I really like to automate everything around me. | <urn:uuid:70b3e004-1cdb-447a-a3de-e8253aeebf06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://polimetdv.ru/arduino-curtain-opener/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.911137 | 445 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The City maintains many miles of arterial and residential streets. Peosta is at a latitude where extreme seasonal weather changes cause repeated freeze and thaw cycles during winter months, which speed up wear and tear on pavements and create more potholes and pavement problems.
Another part of maintaining our streets is maintaining the signage of these streets. Records are kept on each and every sign on the streets of Peosta. As signs are damaged, destroyed, or stolen, new signs must be made and put into place. New signs must also be made for new neighborhoods and needs of the community. | <urn:uuid:da056e15-90e9-4592-9604-9fa42663bda3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cityofpeosta.org/departments/streets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955748 | 118 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Americans concerned about the dismal state of public education in many schools increasingly want more choice, competition, and local control. Such people may draw inspiration from the wisdom of 20th-century theologian J. Gresham Machen, who affirmed the necessity of “absolutely unlimited competition” in education.
Who was J. Gresham Machen?
The famous journalist and skeptic H.L. Mencken wrote an obituary on January 18, 1937, that praised “a man of great learning” and “sharp intelligence.” That man was J. Gresham Machen, a Protestant theologian who taught at Princeton Theological Seminary before going on to found Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia in the 1930s.
Mencken was no Christian believer, but he did nevertheless “greatly admire” Machen’s consistent defense of freedom and his “remarkable clarity and cogency” in argumentation.
“The worst fate into which any country can fall”
In 1926, Machen testified before a congressional committee regarding a proposed federal department of education. Machen wasted no time in getting to the heart of the matter. In the first minute of his testimony, he explained that the purpose of the bill was “to promote uniformity in education,” which, he asserted, “is the worst fate into which any country can fall.”
A radical position? Yes. But take a moment to consider some of the reasoning that led him to it.
First, it will be of some value to point out that Machen was not blind to the obvious benefits of public education. He admits in the first chapter of his most famous book, Christianity and Liberalism, that “A public school system, in itself, is indeed of enormous benefit to the [human] race” and “a noteworthy and beneficent achievement of modern times” due to its delivery of at least a rudimentary education to larger portions of the population than had been known in most societies before modern times.
Moreover, Machen stated in his congressional testimony that in the absence of federally enforced uniformity in education that “there have been grievous sins in the sphere of education on the part of individual states,” not to mention “a lot of crazy private schools and church schools.” In other words, Machen admitted what we all must: liberty can be a messy affair.
Nevertheless, the medicine of uniformity in education was, for Machen, worse than the disease of “crazy private schools.”
We must consider, second, Machen’s response to the notion of uniformity: he demanded the circumscribing of any federal education system with the “absolutely free possibility of competition” from various types of private schools. Without this, governmentally enforced uniformity in education would be “the most perfect instrument of tyranny which has yet been devised,” due to its power to control thought and to encourage widespread mediocrity.
Machen left no room for doubt about his suspicions that a distant, centralized state had no authority, much less ability, to educate children well:
Place the lives of children in their formative years, despite the convictions of their parents, under the intimate control of experts appointed by the state, force them then to attend schools where the higher aspirations of humanity are crushed out … and it is difficult to see how even the remnants of liberty can subsist.”]
Machen feared that state-enforced uniformity in education would produce a mediocre populace unable to sustain a free society”]
Instead, such a system would produce “one huge ‘Main Street,’ where spiritual adventure will be discouraged and democracy will be regarded as consisting in the reduction of all mankind to the proportions of the narrowest and least gifted of the citizens.” In brief, Machen feared that state-enforced uniformity in education would produce a mediocre populace unable to sustain a free society.
For example, during a national debate over a proposed child labor amendment to the U.S. Constitution, Machen called it “one of the most cruel and heartless measures that have ever been proposed in the name of philanthropy” due to the likely consequence that it would lead to a variety of unintended consequences including greater poverty in American society and harsher working conditions for children who would still find work but under less salutary conditions. Lawrence W. Reed, Real Heroes: Inspiring True Stories of Courage, Character, and Conviction (Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books, 2016), 133.
Those interested in reading more about Mencken’s assessment of Machen are directed to D.G. Hart, Damning Words: The Life and Religious Times of H.L. Mencken (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing, 2016).
J. Gresham Machen, Christianity and Liberalism (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing, 2009), Chapter 1. | <urn:uuid:853eaaf9-ba18-484a-9317-fa738b1e91a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learnliberty.org/blog/a-champion-of-absolutely-unlimited-competition-in-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961373 | 1,064 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Martha Graham created Canticle for Innocent Comedians in 1952, taking the title and inspiration from the 1938 poem by Ben Belitt, her old friend and colleague at the Bennington School of the Dance. The multifaceted work was built around eight virtuosic vignettes for the stars of the Graham Company, each celebrating a different element of nature: Sun, Earth, Wind, Water, Fire, Moon, Stars and Death. The work was well received, reputed to have been magical; however, there is only a fragmented record remaining, and it is considered lost.
This 2022 Canticle for Innocent Comedians is a reimagining of the original. The choreography is completely new but draws upon Graham’s stylistic blueprint. The vignettes have been re-made for today’s Graham stars by eight dance-makers from diverse backgrounds. Fortunately, Graham’s staging of “Moon” was filmed in the 1950s and is included in the new production.
A lyrical, percussive, ruminative score has been created by the great jazz pianist, Jason Moran.
The lead choreographer, Emmy and Tony award winner Sonya Tayeh, has designed the connective tissue for this eclectic assemblage – in the words of the original poem, “that binds the halves of first and last/To single troth, in time” — for the dancers of the Ensemble, weaving in and out of the sections in a manner reminiscent of a Greek chorus, and resonating with many Graham classics.
The costumes by Karen Young are inspired by voluminous, swirling shapes that Graham often used for the costumes she herself designed. They are fabricated from recycled plastic bottles to add to the conversation about the eternal values of nature — and our responsibilities to the planet. | <urn:uuid:fcc8a178-6b34-40fd-8c23-bcb282b53b56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marthagraham.org/portfolio-items/canticle-for-innocent-comedians-1952-and-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953043 | 377 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Comet NEOWISE was visible low in the north sky during July, and with darker skies, will still be visible during the first weeks of August. Look out for it now – it won’t be back for 6,800 years!
Mars will become a bright, spectacular object in the early morning sky, high in the south. At this time no other object can rival it except Venus and the Moon. The planet is receiving a great deal of attention at the moment as the UAE and China have launched spacecraft towards it in July. The US rover ‘Perseverance’ should hopefully have successfully launched by the time you are reading this. All 3 craft are due to arrive around February next year. The UAE craft ‘Hope’ is an orbiter, but the Chinese and US are landers.
One of the best meteor showers of the year will peak during the early hours of the morning on 12 and 13 August. These meteors are called the Perseids. Expect to see 80 or more meteors per hour. Viewing conditions should be fair but the Moon, which is just past quarter in the morning sky, may interfere somewhat. | <urn:uuid:918ec250-404e-4c6d-bbdb-d9a97a4c1a45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scruton.net/scruton-sky-at-night-august-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968962 | 236 | 2.75 | 3 |
No Country for Old Men book review Blaine Ross
"No Country for Old Men" by Cormac McCarthy; Beaverton City Library Reference Assistant Blaine Ross
You may have seen the film "No Country for Old Men" back in 2007 when it won the Cohen Brothers the Academy Award for Best Picture, along with a number of other Oscars. If you haven't read the book "No Country for Old Men" or heard of author Cormac McCarthy, then you might want to give this one a look.
McCarthy writes in an austere style, reminiscent of Hemingway, that offers a bleak commentary on human nature. This matches the stark environs of Texas, where his novel is set. He does not use quotation marks for dialog, which can be distracting, but I found that it was not really an obstacle.
The plot line of the book is simple. One of the lead characters, Llewelyn Moss, while hunting, stumbles across a satchel of money and a lot of dead bodies at a drug deal gone wrong out in the middle of nowhere. He decides to keep the money and leaves the scene without being discovered. He goes back, however, to bring water to one of the drug runners who is not yet dead, and unfortunately some associates of the dead man show up before he can make a clean getaway. Thus begins a fast-paced read to what seems to be a foregone dark conclusion. Moss tries to stay one step ahead of the drug mafia and two assassins, Anton Chigurg and Carson Wells, hired independently of each other to find Moss and the money. In the process, Moss has to worry about protecting his wife and her mother, thus adding another layer of complication to his precarious situation.
Throughout the story, Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, wanting to protect Moss, tries to catch up with him before the bad guys do. He offers to the reader (like an ancient Greek chorus) an omniscient commentary on the complex and twisted ways of the world that have worn him down over the years. He is the protagonist in the story, although he readily admits there is not much he can do to slow down the juggernaut of human error and depravity.
"I think we are all of us ill prepared for what is to come and I don't care what shape it takes. And whatever comes my guess is it will have small power to sustain us."
One is left with the feeling that there is no escape from what fate has already determined for these people. As I read the book, I felt the nihilistic black cloud of an unhappy ending hanging over all the characters. Unfortunately, there is no shelter from the impending storm.
If all this sounds like a bit too much, well, "No Country for Old Men" is no book for the faint of heart.
Reviewed by Beaverton City Library Reference Assistant Blaine Ross | <urn:uuid:375b8561-0982-4efc-8021-f0982d27ec57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oregonlive.com/beaverton-library/2016/05/no_country_for_old_men_book_re.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962551 | 588 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Health is one of the necessities that is very crucial to the survival of human beings. No one should suffer from illness that can be treated and handled by experts and hence one should look for medical centers that have the capacity to feel the need when it arises. However, is important to realize that health issues can at times be costly to handle and especially where there are complications that might require that you seek emergency services such as surgeries. Insurance plans give you a route to use when one is found in situations that require a lot of money and time, hence a good option to seek. Having insurance plan enables you to acquire the medical services needed no matter the cost or the medical center as the insurance provider well covers everything. Knowing what to look for before seeking out the insurance provider is crucial.
One very important factor is the wellness program you are having or intending to sign up for. You have to understand that medical emergencies are always bound to happen and hence having a wellness program helps in determining the kind of insurance coverage you will need as the programs helps to encourage you to have a healthy habit. You will reduce a lot of costs when you engage in the healthy habits and routinely directed you from the wellness programs.
The qualifications and the license of operation is one of the crucial things to consider when seeking health insurance provider. The only determinant for reliability and trustworthiness of any broker is the qualification ad the license possessed. Having a fully and well-legalized insurance firm providing the services for you is significant.
Medical insurance providers should have a personality that will fit your requirement. With the fact that you will be spending a lot of time with the brokers as they listen to you as well as handling your case, should make you decide on an individual who will have empathy as much as it is a business transaction. The person you are in touch with should be able to create rapport easily.
Seek information on the kind of person you are dealing with and one who has the potential of working with you so as to get a proper medical insurance cover by looking at the experience level as well as the position being held in the firm. The knowledge and experience of the insurance provider is what you will need when looking at your options for medical insurance cover. Only deal with an individual whose work rate is exceptional as well as the dedication to provide you with the vital information needed before buying the medical insurance cover. | <urn:uuid:00d36518-4d69-4334-82cc-34d23ec5b83c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ordercialisjlp.com/?p=12729 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974605 | 478 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Nuclear weapons are at the pinnacle of what Martin Luther King Jr. called “the madness of militarism.” If you’d rather not think about them, that’s understandable. But such a coping strategy has limited value. And those who are making vast profits from preparations for global annihilation are further empowered by our avoidance.
At the level of national policy, nuclear derangement is so normalized that few give it a second thought. Yet normal does not mean sane. As an epigraph to his brilliant book The Doomsday Machine, Daniel Ellsberg provides a chillingly apt quote from Friedrich Nietzsche: “Madness in individuals is something rare; but in groups, parties, nations, and epochs, it is the rule.”
Now, some policy technocrats for the USA’s nuclear arsenal and some advocates for arms control are locked in a heated dispute over the future of ICBMs: intercontinental ballistic missiles. It’s an argument between the “national security” establishment — hell-bent on “modernizing” ICBMs — and various nuclear-policy critics, who prefer to keep the current ICBMs in place. Both sides are refusing to acknowledge the profound need to get rid of them entirely.
Elimination of ICBMs would substantially reduce the chances of a worldwide nuclear holocaust. The ICBMs are uniquely vulnerable to effective attack, and thus have no deterrent value. Instead of being a “deterrent,” ICBMs are actually land-based sitting ducks, and for that reason are set up for “launch on warning.”
As a result, whether a report of incoming missiles is accurate or a false alarm, the commander in chief would have to quickly decide whether to “use or lose” the ICBMs. “If our sensors indicate that enemy missiles are en route to the United States, the president would have to consider launching ICBMs before the enemy missiles could destroy them; once they are launched, they cannot be recalled,” former Defense Secretary William Perry wrote. “The president would have less than 30 minutes to make that terrible decision.”
Experts like Perry are clear as they advocate for scrapping ICBMs. But the ICBM force is a sacred cash cow. And news reports currently feature arguments over exactly how to keep feeding it.
Last week, the Guardian reported that the Pentagon has ordered an external study of options for ICBMs. Trouble is, the two options under consideration — extending the life of the currently deployed Minuteman III missiles or replacing them with a new missile system — do nothing to reduce the escalating dangers of nuclear war, whereas eliminating the nation’s ICBMs would greatly reduce those dangers.
But an enormous ICBM lobbying apparatus remains in high gear, with huge corporate profits at stake. Northrop Grumman has landed a $13.3 billion contract to proceed with developing a new ICBM system, misleadingly named the Ground Based Strategic Deterrent. It’s all in sync with automatic political devotion to ICBMs in Congress and the executive branch.
The sea-based and air-based portions of the “nuclear triad” (submarines and bombers) are invulnerable to successful attack — unlike ICBMs, which are completely vulnerable. The subs and bombers, able to destroy any and all targeted countries many times over, provide vastly more “deterrent” than anyone could ever reasonably want.
In sharp contrast, ICBMs are the opposite of a deterrent. In effect, they’re prime targets for a nuclear first strike because of their vulnerability, and for the same reason would have no “deterrent” capacity to retaliate. ICBMs have only one foreseeable function — to be a “sponge” to absorb the start of a nuclear war.
Armed and on hair-trigger alert, the country’s 400 ICBMs are deeply entrenched — not only in underground silos scattered across five states, but also in the mindsets of the U.S. political establishment. If the goal is to get big campaign contributions from military contractors, fuel the humongous profits of the military-industrial complex, and stay in sync with the outlooks that dominate corporate media, those mindsets are logical. If the goal is to prevent nuclear war, the mindsets are unhinged.
As Ellsberg and I wrote in an article for The Nation this fall, “Getting trapped in an argument about the cheapest way to keep ICBMs operational in their silos is ultimately no-win. The history of nuclear weapons in this country tells us that people will spare no expense if they believe that spending the money will really make them and their loved ones safer — we must show them that ICBMs actually do the opposite.” Even if Russia and China didn’t reciprocate at all, the result of U.S. closure of all its ICBMs would be to greatly reduce the chances of nuclear war.
On Capitol Hill, such realities are hazy and beside the point compared to straight-ahead tunnel vision and momentum of conventional wisdom. For members of Congress, routinely voting to appropriate billions of dollars for nuclear weaponry seems natural. Challenging rote assumptions about ICBMs will be essential to disrupt the march toward nuclear apocalypse. | <urn:uuid:ba7b25ce-aea0-4b43-8bd7-edfa059c3cc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/12/17/current-dispute-over-icbms-is-a-quarrel-over-how-to-fine-tune-the-doomsday-machinery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946685 | 1,111 | 1.726563 | 2 |
I Am Not Your Negro is a new documentary film by Raoul Peck based on an unfinished manuscript by James Balwin (author of recently republished 'The Fire Next Time') called Remember This House. In it he told the stories of three of his friends who died before they reached 40: Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and Medgar Evers. This review in The Independent comments: "Baldwin was writing more than 30 years ago. Not so much has changed since then", but the intention is to provoke rather than induce despair. More...
The latest information, views and news from MJR. | <urn:uuid:ebdcf3d1-a4ea-4727-92b4-6c4f421e1921> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mjr-uk.com/news/new-film-based-on-james-baldwins-unfinished-remember-this-house | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967305 | 146 | 2.125 | 2 |
29th March 2009
Scouts and Explorers in Sevenoaks were treated to an evening with a difference when they were recently visited by two Morris Dancing Troops.
Hartley and Invicta Morris visited 3rd Sevenoaks weekly meeting to teach almost 50 people the traditional English folk dance.
Dressed with bells, scarves and accompanied by accordions the Morris Dancers gave the Scouts a demonstration followed by a round of applause. What everyone didn't know is that they would be learning the complex dance sequence next!
At first, there were a few worried faces, but it soon turned to smiles with Scouts and Explorers split into smaller groups to learn the dance which involved 'bashing sticks'. At the end, the entire group came back together to perform the dance as a whole - a great sight!
Before leaving, the Morris Dancers demonstrated a couple more dances!
Certainly an evening with a difference and a lot of fun! Our thanks go to the members of Hartley and Invicta Morris! | <urn:uuid:760e913b-0f9c-4342-94b3-b4715e5be824> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sevenoaksscouts.org.uk/article-Morris_Dancing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978887 | 212 | 1.757813 | 2 |
It began with a preview of the new BBC television blockbuster drama series starting just after Christmas. ‘Dickensian’ is a mashup of Dickens most popular works. In the preview, Fagin is a stereotypically sinister, snarling Jew with a prominently worn Mizrachi Jewish skull cap. Fagin is shown in profile to cinematically disturbing effect.
At a time of heightened fear of terrorism the press does its best to ignore antisemitism even though in every country that statistics are kept, antisemitism is of considerably greater prevalence than Islamaphobia.
Christmas is a time that is supposed to represent good-will to all men (and I assume women as well). Until recently most orthodox Jews ignored Christmas, even as a secular festival, because of its negative history. That history was one where Jews experienced fear due to incitement by the Christian clergy and persecution based upon the accusation of deicide. Modern Israel not surprisingly, ignores this period of the year except in the distribution of free pine trees to any Christian families wishing to celebrate the festival. It makes the deception and incitement by Western news outlets (our modern priesthood) all the more telling.
If we set aside the egos and prejudices of journalisms’ finest sons and daughters then that is our first issue. It is a naïve belief that journalism is meant to inform rather than what it really is; a platform for the expression of biases; a vehicle for conveying editorial prejudice. And Jews have a particular interest in the chimera of honesty that is the practice of journalism because it is the Jews who are always the first to suffer its deceptions.
Our problem is that Jews are not meant to be normal people with normal fears, desires and anxieties. We are constantly being enjoined to learn from our history as if only we are expected to respect those who disrespect us, and exercise restraint at every provocation. But we have always been told to turn the other cheek (so that we would make an easier target). The definition that UK society refuses to acknowledge is this: Antisemitism is the expectation that Jews will respond to every action against them in a way that demonstrates a unique tolerance, a tolerance that is expected of no one else. It is the reaction to that failure of expectation that self justifies the bigot’s antisemitism.
So my complaint is that Jews in the Jewish Diaspora and in Israel are held to a standard expected of no one else and no other nation. The hallmark of the modern antisemite is not his or her naked aggression or the intimidation that is part of their natural demeanor towards us. It is the displeasure, the rarely concealed contempt that is displayed whenever we and only we do not listen to the “instructions” or “advice” given to us, most often unsolicited, by journalists, lecturers, professors and politicians alike.
It is truly an act of deception or naïveté to believe that the visual media either informs or educates to a neutral agenda. Repetition is the essence of the propagandists’ art and visual stimulation, the most effective means of imprinting an idea, good or bad into our sub-conscious.
For example, on December 26th a popular BBC soap opera “Eastenders” had a story line around a Nativity play. In the play a boy states “Yes we can stay in this inn because Islam welcomes all faiths.” Islam emerged a distance of 1,300 kilometers (as the crow flies) from Israel and did not begin until 600 years after the biblical story. The remark, aside from its fundamental inaccuracy implies that Mary and Joseph were excluded from the inn on religious grounds. This is also not part of the biblical story. Just to round off this antisemitic fantasy defilement, at this time of the year apologists for Palestinian terror often endow Jesus, Mary and Joseph with a faux Palestinian identity. The reality is that Palestinians, as Arabs, would have assaulted and perhaps murdered any Jews not traveling in convoy, for that lawlessness and thuggery is also the history of Arab (Palestinian) conduct towards non-Muslims over the centuries of their habitation in the Holy Land.
When I was growing up I had never seen a person who was not white except for those people I watched on TV and they were mostly gangsters. I did not know how I would react to my first encounter with someone who was “different”. But I was thankfully brought up to believe in the essential equality of everyone so I passed the test. I do not believe that film makers are unaware of the impact their film making has on people. When dealing with reality based fiction they cater to our need for the reassurance of familiarity and not to jar us from the sense of comforting complacency that most of us prefer to inhabit in our everyday lives.
There are some reinforcing memes best abandoned to the antechambers of history, for the study of relics of past abomination by scholars and antiquarians. The Merchant of Venice and the various Passion Plays are two of these negatively reinforcing and culturally ugly literary events. So is Oliver Twist. No matter how the literary crowd try to sugar coat them, with their antiquity or by their authors’ pedigree the characters portrayed also deliver a message, of reinforcing and repulsive stereotype. The damage prejudiced portrayal causes can not be justified, not in an era when even associating Islam with terrorism is regarded as secular blasphemy; not when politicians, social commentators and national media outlets make every effort to disassociate us from fearing the Muslims in our midst, to protect Muslims from any negative association that the expression of Muslim extremism may generate.
The BBC more than most international media behemoths understands this. Its’ sensitivity ensures that even Muslim mass murderers are never portrayed as villains. It does its best to inoculate Islamists from being forced to confront their inhumanity. The BBC’s discomfort with terms such as “Islamic State” and any other term that ties the Muslim faith to crimes of violence or hate crimes proves that the BBC has internalized at least some historical lessons.
To rationalize a narrowly focused bigotry in a world that is experiencing ethnic and religious conflict on a global scale and to dismiss the criticism of that bigotry because it is done in homage to art is an unacceptable rationalization for continued prejudice and hate.
The latest BBC drama series about Charles Dickens was previewed on Breakfast BBC’s news program and from the start it was clear that it was not meant for us to feel sympathy for anyone of Jewish background. The BBC is at war with Israel, both individual and nation. Its methods are subtle but that does not detract from its purpose. If you are Jewish but do not heed the “advice” of Britain’s elite you are the enemy. The Jews have always been Britain’s enemies. The BBC is at war with most of us, Jews and Israeli’s. It is always happy to implant seeds of hate via a new program or via its latest headline. Isn’t it time the Board of Deputies of British Jews or the Jewish Leadership Council (for the British, Jewish community) and the government of the State of Israel took this threat with all seriousness? | <urn:uuid:8c677a04-daaf-496f-93eb-06eaebc873ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-dickensian-bbc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96249 | 1,480 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Welcome to the Griefwords Online Library
Brought to you by the Center for Loss and Life Transition – Alan Wolfelt, Ph.D., Director
by Alan D. Wolfelt, Ph.D.
“In every heart there is an inner room, where we can hold our greatest treasures and our deepest pain.” — Marianne Williamson
Sadness is a hallmark symptom of grief, which in turn is the consequence of losing something we care about. In this way you could say that sadness and love are inextricably linked.
Yes, when you are grieving, it is normal to feel sad. I would even argue that it is necessary to feel sad. But why is it necessary? Why does the emotion we call sadness have to exist at all? Couldn’t we just move from loss to shock to acceptance without all that pain in the middle?
The answer is that sadness plays an essential role. It forces us to regroup—physically, cognitively, emotionally, socially, and spiritually. When we are sad, we instinctively turn inward. We withdraw. We slow down. It’s as if our soul presses the pause button and says, “Whoa, whoa, whoaaa. Time out. I need to acknowledge what’s happened here and really consider what I want to do next.”
This very ability to consider our own existence is, in fact, what defines us as human beings. Unlike other animals, we are self-aware. And to be self-aware is to feel sadness but also joy and timeless love.
I sometimes call the necessary sadness of grief “sitting in your wound.” When you sit in the wound of your grief, you surrender to it. You acquiesce to the instinct to slow down and turn inward. You allow yourself to appropriately wallow in the pain. You shut the world out for a time so that, eventually, you have created space to let the world back in.
The dark night of the soul
While grief affects all aspects of your life—your physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual selves, it is fundamentally a spiritual journey. In grief, your understanding of who you are, why you are here, and whether or not life is worth living is challenged. A significant loss plunges you into what C.S. Lewis, Eckhart Tolle, and various Christian mystics have called “the dark night of the soul.”
Life suddenly seems meaningless. Nothing makes sense. Everything you believed and held dear has been turned upside-down. The structure of your world collapses.
The dark night of the soul can be a long and very black night indeed. If you are struggling with depression after a loss, you are probably inhabiting that long, dark night. It is uncomfortable and scary. The pain of that place can seem intolerable, and yet the only way to emerge into the light of a new morning is to experience the night. As a wise person once observed, “Darkness is the chair upon which light sits.”
The necessity of stillness
Many of the messages that people in grief are given contradict the need for stillness: “Carry on;” “Keep busy;” “I have someone for you to meet.” Yet, the paradox for many grievers is that as they try to frantically move forward, they often lose their way.
Times of stillness are not anchored in a psychological need but in a spiritual necessity. A lack of stillness hastens confusion and disorientation and results in a waning of the spirit. If you do not rest in stillness for a time, you cannot and will not find your way out of the wilderness of grief.
Stillness allows for the transition from “soul work” to “spirit work.” According to the groundbreaking thinking of psychologist Carl Jung, “soul work” is the downward movement of the psyche. It is the willingness to connect with what is dark, deep, and not necessarily pleasant. “Spirit work,” on the other hand, involves the upward, ascending movement of the psyche. It is during spirit work that you find renewed meaning and joy in life.
Soul work comes before spirit work. Soul work lays the ground for spirit work. The spirit cannot ascend until the soul first descends. The withdrawal, slowing down, and stillness of sadness create the conditions necessary for soul work.
Sadness lives in liminal space. “Limina” is the Latin word for threshold, the space betwixt and between. When you are in liminal space, you are not busily and unthinkingly going about your daily life. Neither are you living from a place of assuredness about your relationships and beliefs. Instead, you are unsettled. Both your mindless daily routine and your core beliefs have been shaken, forcing you to reconsider who you are, why you’re here, and what life means.
It’s uncomfortable being in liminal space, but that’s where sadness takes you. Without sadness, you wouldn’t go there. But it is only in liminal space that you can reconstruct your shattered worldview and reemerge as the transformed you that is ready to live and love fully again.
Sadness and empathy
Another evolutionary and still relevant reason for sadness is that it alerts others to the thoughts and feelings that are inside you. We all know what someone who is sad looks like. His posture is slumped. He moves slowly. His eyes and mouth droop. Being able to read others’ sadness is useful because it gives us a chance to reach out and support them. In centuries past we intentionally made our sadness more evident as a signal for others to support us. We wore black for a year, and we donned black armbands. We literally wore our hearts on our sleeves.
Sadness elicits empathy—which is a close cousin to love. Empathy and love are the glue of human connection. And human connection is what makes life worth living.
Receiving and accepting support from others is an essential need of mourning—one we’ll talk more about later in this book. If you try to deny or hide your sadness, you are closing a door that leads to healing.
Your divine spark
Your spiritual self is who you are deep inside—your innermost essence, stripped of all the external trappings of your life. It is who you were before you took on your earthly form, and it is who you will continue to be after you leave it.
It is your soul, or “divine spark”—what Meister Eckhart described as “that which gives depth and purpose to our living.” It is the still, small voice inside of you.
When you are grieving, your divine spark struggles like a candle in the wind. Many hundreds of people in grief have said to me variations on, “I feel so hopeless” or “I am not sure I can go on living.” Like yours, the losses that have touched their lives have naturally muted, if not extinguished, their divine sparks.
When you are depressed, you no longer feel the warm glow of your divine spark inside you. Instead, everything feels dark and cold. The way to relight your divine spark is to turn inward and give your pain the attention it needs and deserves.
Honoring your pain
From my own experiences with loss as well as those of thousands of grieving people I have companioned over the years, I have learned that you cannot go around the pain of your grief. Instead, you must open to the pain. You must acknowledge the inevitability of the pain. You must gently embrace the pain. You must honor the pain.
“What?” you naturally protest. “Honor the pain?” As crazy as it may sound, your pain is the key that opens your heart and ushers you on your way to healing.
Honoring means recognizing the value of and respecting. It is not instinctive to see grief and the need to openly mourn as something to honor; yet the capacity to love requires the necessity to mourn. To honor your grief is not self-destructive or harmful, it is self-sustaining and life-giving.
Yet you have probably been taught that pain and sadness are indications that something is wrong and that you should find ways to alleviate the pain. In our culture, pain and feelings of loss are experiences most people try to avoid. Why? Because the role of pain and suffering is misunderstood. Normal thoughts and feelings after a loss are often seen as unnecessary and inappropriate.
Unfortunately, our culture has an unwritten rule that says while physical illness is usually beyond your control, emotional distress is your fault. In other words, some people think you should be able to “control” or subdue your feelings of sadness. Nothing could be further from the truth. Your sadness is a symptom of your wound. Just as physical wounds require attention, so do emotional wounds.
Paradoxically, the only way to lessen your pain is to move toward it, not away from it. Moving toward your sadness is not easy to do. Every time you admit to feeling sad, people around you may say things like, “Oh, don’t be sad” or “Get a hold of yourself,” or “Just think about what you have to be thankful for.” Comments like these hinder, not help, your healing. If your heart and soul are prevented from feeling the sadness, odds are your body may be harmed in the process. Your grief is the result of an injury to your spirit. Now you must attend to your injury.
You will learn over time that the pain of your grief will keep trying to get your attention until you have the courage to gently, and in small doses, open to its presence. The alternative—denying or suppressing your pain—is in fact more painful. I have learned that the pain that surrounds the closed heart of grief is the pain of living against yourself, the pain of denying how the loss changes you, the pain of feeling alone and isolated—unable to openly mourn, unable to love and be loved by those around you.
Yes, the sadness, depression, and pain of loss are essential experiences in life. You are reading this article because you are feeling this and are struggling with the depression. Acknowledging that depression in grief is normal and necessary—even if the people and the culture around you are telling you that you don’t have to feel depressed, that there are ways around the pain— is one significant step on the pathway to healing. The next step is understanding if your depression may be what is called “clinical depression” and, if so, having the courage and self-compassion to seek help.
About the Author
Dr. Alan Wolfelt is a respected author and educator on the topic of healing in grief. He serves as Director of the Center for Loss and Life Transition and is on the faculty at the University of Colorado Medical School’s Department of Family Medicine. Dr. Wolfelt has written many compassionate, bestselling books designed to help people mourn well so they can continue to love and live well, including Understanding Your Grief, The Mourner’s Book of Hope, and The Depression of Grief, from which this article was excerpted. Visit www.centerforloss.com to learn more about the natural and necessary process of grief and mourning and to order Dr. Wolfelt’s books. | <urn:uuid:46584e69-2ed3-4843-aefd-5b3b717ded13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dyermemorialchapel.net/blog/embracing-the-sadness-of-grief/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957729 | 2,407 | 2 | 2 |
RTVF 2010 Introduction to RTVF Writing | Pre-Production
Barbara Walters: Successful Journalist
The film opens with dramatic music in the background and a clip from Barbara Walters’ 20/20 interview with Monica Lewinsky. We see Executive Producer David Sloan commenting on the interview. We see photographs and stock footage from recent times of Barbara Walters while the narrator provides a general overview about her. Barbara Walters talk about her parents and childhood. Walter’s sister Walda Anderson provides her thoughts on how Barbara coped with the deaths of their brother and sister. We see images and home videos of the family while Barbara talks about them. Then we hear the narrator talk about Walters’ personal life having married and divorced four times. Walters talk about her relationships with her ex-husbands. We see images of pages from Walters’ autobiography while the narrator talks about Walters’ previous relationships and affairs. We see footage of Walters interviewing Alan Greenspan from the show 10 Most Fascinating People while Greenspan provides some thought on their relationship. Walters’ daughter Jacqueline Danforth talks about what it is like having Barbara Walters as a mother. We see pictures of Danforth with her mother from when she was a little girl while Danforth comments on her mother’s success.
Then we see yearbook photos and graduation pictures while the narrator talk about Walters getting education in New York. Barbara Walters talks about how she became a news journalist. We see screenshots from early news tapings and images of news articles while the narrator explains how Walters working her way up and making millions of dollars. Oprah Winfrey provides her thoughts and opinions about the impact Barbara Walters made in the news media industry for women. We see footage of Walters’ coverage of the former First Lady Jackie Kennedy while the narrator explains the turning points of her career. Oprah Winfrey gives her opinions on the way Barbara Walters speaks to the audience. Whoopi Goldberg talks about Walters’ role in creating The View. Charles Gibson commenting on Walters’ significant role in the news media as a successful journalist and powerful woman. Diane Sawyer provides her opinions about Walters’ influence on the ABC news network. Barbara Walters talks about her recent open-heart surgery and her thoughts about retirement and her future plans.
- Collection of private photographs and home videos from Barbara Walters and her family members in New York.
- Stock footage, screenshots, and photographs from the ABC Network from programs such as The View, 10 Most Fascinating People, 20/20, ABC Evening News, ABC World News, and ABC News in New York.
- Stock footage, screenshots, and photographs from the NBC Network from the program The Today Show in New York.
- Scans of newspaper articles from the 1960s and 1970s with headlines about Barbara Walters’ successful rise in the American broadcast industry.
- Scans of pages from Barbara Walters’ autobiography Audition.
- Yearbook scans with pictures of Barbara Walters from Miami Beach High School class of 1947.
- Yearbook scans with pictures of Barbara Walters from the Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Birch Walthen Lenox school in years prior to graduation class of 1947.
- Barbara Walters’ home in New York City
- ABC Network studio in New York City
- NBC Network studio in New York City
- Barbara Walters’ family home in Boston, Massachusetts
- Barbara Walters, on and off camera
- Jacqueline Danforth (daughter), on and off camera
- 20/20 anchor Diane Sawyer, on camera
- Alan Greenspan, on camera
- Walda Walters Anderson, on camera
- 20/20 Executive Producer David Sloan, on camera
- Oprah Winfrey, on camera
- Charles Gibson, on camera
- Whoopi Goldberg, on camera | <urn:uuid:c6006793-e029-4e4b-b447-a9b5522c72d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crystaljhollis.wordpress.com/portfolio/writing-portfolio/rtvf-b-a-writing-samples/pre-production-barbara-walters-documentary-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.906471 | 787 | 1.570313 | 2 |
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These guidelines for product manufacturing and testing represent a formal quality system that describes the general principles that must be observed during manufacturing. It is the company's responsibility to ensure GMP compliance and to do so efficiently and effectively. To this end, regulations are relatively flexible. It is up to the manufacturer to establish design procedures, processing methods, and testing procedures. This flexibility gives companies room to experiment and innovate.
Published in 1963, the first set of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) was intended to prevent deaths and injuries from contaminated products. These regulations seek to ensure the quality and purity of drugs products from batch-to-batch and put a system in place to detect and reduce errors and variation in manufacturing. In 1990, the FDA revised CGMP regulation to add the design controls authorized by the Safe Medical Devices Act. The FDA believed that it would be beneficial to the public and the medical device industry for the CGMP regulation to be consistent with international standards ISO 9001:1994 and ISO/CD 13485 "Quality Systems--Medical Devices--Supplementary Requirements to ISO 9001.” After an extensive effort, the part 820 revision was published on October 7, 1996 (61 FR 52602), and went into effect June 1, 1997.
Additionally, it should be noted that CGMPs represent only the currently accepted minimum standards for manufacturing, testing, and packaging drugs and medical devices. Most companies go beyond minimum guidelines to assure a customer a high-quality product. They frequently employ multiple quality systems, including voluntary ones, which gives the consumer peace of mind and a level of trust in the safety of the product.
GMP Guidelines Follow a Few Basic Principles:
- Define, control, and validate all critical manufacturing processes.
- Changes to the manufacturing process must be evaluated and approved.
- Instructions and procedures must be written and easy to understand.
- Production operators must receive thorough training
- The company must maintain accurate records demonstrating their adherence to guidelines and regulations.
- Records must be comprehensive, complete, and easily accessible.
- In the case of pharmaceuticals, quality is not diminished in any way by the distribution process.
- A recall system is in place so that any batch of a drug may be easily recalled from sale or supply.
- The company responds to complaints, quality defects are investigated, and appropriate measures are taken to prevent future errors.
GMP regulations are included in Title 21 Chapter 1 of the CFR, in three regulations dealing with different types of manufactured products:
- for drugs (21 CFR 211)
- for medical devices (21 CFR 820)
- for blood and blood components (21 CFR 606)
The general principles of CGMP that all these regulations have in common:
- Quality, safety, and effectiveness are designed and built into the product, not tested or inspected into the product.
- Each step in the manufacturing process is documented and controlled to ensure that the finished product meets design and compendia specifications.
- Process documentation provides evidence of compliance with CGMPs.
Three primary criteria used by the FDA in the design of these CGMP regulations:
- Regulations should contain objectives and not detailed specifications. They should allow latitude for different manufacturers to find their means of compliance.
- Regulations should contain requirements that are considered feasible and valuable as recognized and considered by experts as assuring quality.
- If a practice can be established to be reasonable and relevant, then it can be a required practice even though it does not exist in the regulations.
Designing a GMP-Complaint Process
- The purpose of the process must be defined; that is, the desired output must be determined.
- An endpoint(s) that demonstrates the process is performed satisfactorily must be defined.
- A method to measure the desired endpoint is required.
- Raw materials and their specifications must be established.
- The steps in the process must be determined, usually by experimentation.
- The process must be scaled-up for production.
- An analysis of potential problems must be performed, noting the "critical points."
- Experiments must be carried out to determine how the process must operate at each critical point to make a quality product.
- Methods to monitor the process must be developed.
- Methods to control the process must be developed.
- Adequate record-keeping procedures must be developed.
- All SOPs required for the process must be written and approved.
Corrective Action Preventative Action (CAPA)
CAPA is an important part of any CGMP design and focuses on the systematic investigation of root causes of issues in the manufacturing process. CAPA is a way in which manufacturers can implement continuous improvement plans and Quality Management systems and have a large impact on FDA compliance. There are three main CAPA categories: Corrective actions that have never occurred, Corrective Actions of reoccurrences, and Preventative Action to prevent an occurrence. CAPA is mandatory for medical device manufacturing, and we will discuss CAPA more in the medical device chapter. Learn more about CAPA here: www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/Manufacturing/UCM334579.pdf
Setting standards for quality in the biotechnology industry is difficult due to the often new and complex manufacturing processes involved. How should the FDA set quality standards, for example, for chromatographic purification systems? These processes are difficult to validate and represent ‘gray’ areas where quality regulations are concerned. For this reason, companies frequently rely on regulations that the FDA has not yet finalized, and they comply voluntarily with CGMPs and Guidelines.
The CGMPs for Medical Device, Pharmaceuticals & Biologics will be further explored in those respective chapters. The commonality between the three products in CGMP regulations is that the regulations are intended to ensure the safety and efficacy of those products. Failure to abide by CGMP requirements may result in adulterated products and FDA enforcement repercussions (explored in a later chapter). As regulations change, manufacturers must learn and comply with the new regulations. Continuous improvement, CAPA, internal audits, and FDA inspections all work together to ensure Quality by Design, and not by testing.
Process development and scale-up optimization of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-based vaccine candidate, RBD219-N1C1
A SARS-CoV-2 RBD219-N1C1 (RBD219-N1C1) recombinant protein antigen formulated on Alhydrogel® has recently been shown to elicit a robust neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in mice. The antigen has been produced under current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs) and is now in clinical testing. Here, we report on process development and scale-up optimization for upstream fermentation and downstream purification of the antigen. This includes production at the 1-L and 5-L scales in the yeast, Pichia pastoris, and the comparison of three different chromatographic purification methods. This culminated in the selection of a process to produce RBD219-N1C1 with a yield of >400 mg per liter of fermentation with >92% purity and >39% target product recovery after purification. In addition, we show the results from analytical studies, including SEC-HPLC, DLS, and an ACE2 receptor binding assay that were performed to characterize the purified proteins to select the best purification process. Finally, we propose an optimized upstream fermentation and downstream purification process that generates quality RBD219-N1C1 protein antigen and is fully scalable at a low cost. KEY POINTS: • Yeast fermentation conditions for a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine were determined. • Three purification protocols for a COVID-19 vaccine antigen were compared. • Reproducibility of a scalable, low-cost process for a COVID-19 vaccine was shown. Graphical abstract.
Keywords: COVID-19 Fermentation Pichia pastoris Purification Spike protein.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
Fermentation ( a ) and…
Fermentation ( a ) and purification ( b ) flow diagrams. Three purification…
Timepoint SDS-PAGE analysis of pre-…
Timepoint SDS-PAGE analysis of pre- and post-induction fermentation samples of the lockdown process…
In-process sample comparison from three…
In-process sample comparison from three processes. Yield, step recovery, overall recovery, and purity…
Characterization of purified RBD219-N1C1 proteins…
Characterization of purified RBD219-N1C1 proteins from three processes. Purified proteins were analyzed by…
Impurity evaluation of the purified…
Impurity evaluation of the purified RBD219-N1C1 proteins from three processes. Unpurified (FS) and…
Binding ability of the purified…
Binding ability of the purified RBD219-N1C1 from three processes to a recombinant human…
What is GMP?
GMP refers to the Good Manufacturing Practice regulations promulgated by the US Food and Drug Administration under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (See Chapter IV for food, and Chapter V, Subchapters A, B, C, D, and E for drugs and devices.) These regulations, which have the force of law, require that manufacturers, processors, and packagers of drugs, medical devices, some food, and blood take proactive steps to ensure that their products are safe, pure, and effective.
GMP regulations require a quality approach to manufacturing, enabling companies to minimize or eliminate instances of contamination, mixups, and errors. This protects the consumer from purchasing a product which is not effective or even dangerous. Failure of firms to comply with GMP regulations can result in very serious consequences including recall, seizure, fines, and jail time.
GMP regulations address issues including record keeping, personnel qualifications, sanitation, cleanliness, equipment verification, process validation, and complaint handling. Most GMP requirements are very general and open-ended, allowing each manufacturer to decide individually how to best implement the necessary controls. This provides much flexibility, but also requires that the manufacturer interpret the requirements in a manner which makes sense for each individual business.
GMP is also sometimes referred to as "cGMP". The "c" stands for "current," reminding manufacturers that they must employ technologies and systems which are up-to-date in order to comply with the regulation. Systems and equipment used to prevent contamination, mixups, and errors, which may have been first-rate 20 years ago may be less than adequate by current standards.
What is GMP?
The term GMP refers to Good Manufacturing Practice Regulations. These regulations have been implemented by the Food and Drug Administration Authority of United States. The regulations were implemented in accordance with the Federal Drug, Food and Cosmetic Act.
The GMP regulations are applicable for manufacturers, packagers and processors of medical devices, drugs and certain food items. The regulations will make sure that the products are completely safe for the people to use. In addition, the regulations ensure the effectiveness and purity of the products as well.
With GMP, all chances available for the manufacturers to end up with errors, mix-ups and contamination are eliminated. Hence, consumers will be able to ensure safety while they are purchasing the goods. The major sectors GMP covers include building and facilities, equipment, raw materials, personnel, production, labeling and complaints. GMP covers broad guidelines that should be adhered to by all companies in manufacturing. Here, there are no options or alternatives as the prior CGMP.
Some of the questions asked in this sector include:
- Are the buildings and facilities being used in suitable size and design?
- Are the personnel handling the processes well trained and equipped?
- Are the raw materials stored and handled in ways which prevent mix-ups and cross-contamination?
- Are there proper means of documenting production batches and records storage?
Requirements for clinical islet laboratories
General requirements for a clinical auto islet lab
The FDA expects that health-care institutions performing clinical auto islet transplants have the regulatory components described in 21CFR1271 (Tissue Rules) in place before transplanting its first patient. Unlike allogeneic islets, in which institutions must demonstrate safety, and in some cases, efficacy, there are no such requirements for auto islet programs when completing the FDA Tissue Establishment Registration. Nor are auto islet programs compelled to ongoing reporting to the FDA as is the case with allogeneic islets operating under an IND. Therefore, it is essential that clinical auto islet labs and the health-care institutions under which they operate police themselves rigorously. The Tissue Rules provides clinical islet labs not only the foundation but also concrete guidelines from which to work safely.
The following sections outline the specifics that the Tissue Rules require of labs manufacturing auto islet cells for human use. Adhering to these requirements are necessary to prevent the contamination of the clinical islet prep during the manufacturing process. Requirements include that each clinical auto islet lab has policies that address:
💊 GMP Guide
Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) for the food industry complements the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) program. 21 CFR Part 110 deals with food sanitation, food handling and food preparation issues. 21 CFR 106 deals with a specific food subset - infant formula. 21 CFR 117 deals with risk management issues around food.
Closely related is 21 CFR Part 111 - Supplement GMP that effects the dietary supplement industry. Although dietary supplements are regulated by the FDA as foods, they are treated differently from foods and from drugs.
TITLE 21 - Food and Drugs
CHAPTER I - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
SUBCHAPTER B - FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
PART 106 - INFANT FORMULA REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE, QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES, QUALITY FACTORS, RECORDS AND REPORTS, AND NOTIFICATIONS
Subpart A - General Provisions
106.1 Status and applicability of the regulations in part 106.
Subpart B - Current Good Manufacturing Practice
106.5 Current good manufacturing practice.
106.6 Production and in-process control system.
106.10 Controls to prevent adulteration by workers.
106.20 Controls to prevent adulteration caused by facilities.
106.30 Controls to prevent adulteration caused by equipment or utensils.
106.35 Controls to prevent adulteration due to automatic (mechanical or electronic) equipment.
106.40 Controls to prevent adulteration caused by ingredients, containers, and closures.
106.50 Controls to prevent adulteration during manufacturing.
106.55 Controls to prevent adulteration from microorganisms.
106.60 Controls to prevent adulteration during packaging and labeling of infant formula.
106.70 Controls on the release of finished infant formula.
106.90 Audits of current good manufacturing practice.
Subpart C - Quality Control Procedures
106.91 General quality control.
106.92 Audits of quality control procedures.
Subpart D - Conduct of Audits
106.94 Audit plans and procedures.
Subpart E - Quality Factors for Infant Formulas
106.96 Requirements for quality factors for infant formulas.
Subpart F -Records and Reports
Subpart G - Registration, Submission, and Notification Requirements
106.110 New infant formula registration.
106.120 New infant formula submission.
106.121 Quality factor assurances for infant formulas.
106.130 Verification submission. 106.140 Submission concerning a change in infant formula that may adulterate the product.
106.150 Notification of an adulterated or misbranded infant formula.
106.160 Incorporation by reference.
PART 110 - CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE IN MANUFACTURING, PACKING, OR HOLDING HUMAN FOOD
Subpart A - General Provisions
110.5 Current good manufacturing practice.
Subpart B - Buildings and Facilities
110.20 Plant and grounds.
110.35 Sanitary operations.
110.37 Sanitary facilities and controls.
Subpart C - Equipment
110.40 Equipment and utensils.
Subpart D - [Reserved]
Subpart E - Production and Process Controls
110.80 Processes and controls.
110.93 Warehousing and distribution.
Subpart F - [Reserved]
Subpart G - Defect Action Levels
110.110 Natural or unavoidable defects in food for human use that present no health hazard.
PART 117 - CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE, HAZARD ANALYSIS, AND RISK-BASED PREVENTIVE CONTROLS FOR HUMAN FOOD
Subpart A - General Provisions
117.1 Applicability and status.
117.4 Qualifications of individuals who manufacture, process, pack, or hold food.
117.7 Applicability of subparts C, D, and G of this part to a facility solely engaged in the storage of unexposed packaged food.
117.8 Applicability of subpart B of this part to the off-farm packing and holding of raw agricultural commodities.
117.9 Records required for this subpart.
Subpart B - Current Good Manufacturing Practice
117.20 Plant and grounds.
117.35 Sanitary operations.
117.37 Sanitary facilities and controls.
117.40 Equipment and utensils.
117.80 Processes and controls.
117.93 Warehousing and distribution.
117.95 Holding and distribution of human food by-products for use as animal food.
117.110 Defect action levels.
Subpart C - Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls
117.126 Food safety plan.
117.130 Hazard analysis.
117.135 Preventive controls.
117.136 Circumstances in which the owner, operator, or agent in charge of a manufacturing/processing facility is not required to implement a preventive control.
117.137 Provision of assurances required under ?117.136(a)(2), (3), and (4).
117.139 Recall plan.
117.140 Preventive control management components.
117.150 Corrective actions and corrections.
117.165 Verification of implementation and effectiveness.
117.180 Requirements applicable to a preventive controls qualified individual and a qualified auditor.
117.190 Implementation records required for this subpart.
Subpart D - Modified Requirements
117.201 Modified requirements that apply to a qualified facility.
117.206 Modified requirements that apply to a facility solely engaged in the storage of unexposed packaged food.
Subpart E - Withdrawal of a Qualified Facility Exemption
117.251 Circumstances that may lead FDA to withdraw a qualified facility exemption.
117.254 Issuance of an order to withdraw a qualified facility exemption.
117.257 Contents of an order to withdraw a qualified facility exemption.
117.260 Compliance with, or appeal of, an order to withdraw a qualified facility exemption.
117.264 Procedure for submitting an appeal.
117.267 Procedure for requesting an informal hearing.
117.270 Requirements applicable to an informal hearing.
117.274 Presiding officer for an appeal and for an informal hearing.
117.277 Timeframe for issuing a decision on an appeal.
117.280 Revocation of an order to withdraw a qualified facility exemption.
117.284 Final agency action.
117.287 Reinstatement of a qualified facility exemption that was withdrawn.
Subpart F - Requirements Applying to Records That Must Be Established and Maintained
117.301 Records subject to the requirements of this subpart.
117.305 General requirements applying to records.
117.310 Additional requirements applying to the food safety plan.
117.315 Requirements for record retention.
117.320 Requirements for official review.
117.325 Public disclosure.
117.330 Use of existing records.
117.335 Special requirements applicable to a written assurance.
Subpart G - Supply-Chain Program
117.405 Requirement to establish and implement a supply-chain program.
117.410 General requirements applicable to a supply-chain program.
117.415 Responsibilities of the receiving facility.
117.420 Using approved suppliers.
117.425 Determining appropriate supplier verification activities (including determining the frequency of conducting the activity).
117.430 Conducting supplier verification activities for raw materials and other ingredients.
117.435 Onsite audit.
117.475 Records documenting the supply-chain program.
|Food Safety Training, Consulting and Certification||English|
|SCS Food Safety Courses - Quick Guide||English|
Q - How do I get “certified” to HACCP?
A - Attending a HACCP training class does not grant “certification” to the attendee. A “Certificate” of Attendance (or Completion) is presented to attendees for completing the course. Having the ability to show an auditor or government inspector your issued Certificate of Attendance for the 16-hour HACCP course will satisfy training requirements for third-party audits, including GFSI programs like SQF, BRCGS, PrimusGFS, etc..
Q- How do Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) relate to HACCP?
A - GMPs are food safety and quality goals published in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 117 – Subpart B. The “c” in cGMP stands for current which indicates that the most recent standards. GMPs describe the methods, equipment, facilities, and controls for producing processed food. Five key elements, which are often referred to as the 5 P's of GMPs —people, premises, processes, products and procedures (or paperwork). And if all five are done well, there is a sixth P… profit! Some GMP Guidelines include Quality management, Sanitation and hygiene, Building and facilities/premises, Equipment, Raw materials, Personnel, and more. GMPs are part of the foundational programs, known as Pre-Requisite Programs, that support HACCP-based Food Safety Management Systems.
Q - What are Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)?
A - Directions, or practices, are directed by written SOPs. An SOP should be procedural and narrow in scope so easy to follow. Numbered procedure should correspond with numbered corrective action.
Q - What is an SSOP?
A - Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures — SSOPs — are the specific, written procedures necessary to ensure sanitary conditions in the food plant. They include written steps for cleaning and sanitizing to prevent product adulteration. SSOPs serve primarily to guide and orientate supervisors, management, regulators, and auditors, not necessarily the employees. An SSOP is a fundamental part of a Food Safety Plan. It may be a stand-along procedure or may be a Prerequisite Program (PP). It shall be updated whenever there is a change in processes or chemicals used. It should be reviewed annually with the Food Safety Plan.
- An SSOP may written for
- A piece of equipment
- Several pieces of equipment in a process
- An environmental area
- As a Master Sanitation Plan for the whole facility.
Q. When does my HACCP certificate expire?
A - There is no government (FDA/USDA) regulation regarding time, but industry practice likes to see some food safety training every 3 years. If you have HACCP training, and it’s been 3 years, you might take a different food safety training that complements your work. If there are new updates, such as the FSMA rules that apply to your job, then its recommended to keep up with relevant training. All of the GFSI programs (i.e SQF, PrimusGFS, BRC, etc.) does require HACCP training every 5 years.
Q. Do Liquor companies have to comply with FSMA’s Preventive Controls rule?
A - Manufacturers (distillers) of alcoholic beverages are exempt from this rule. Unless you are processing, manufacturing, packaging food for human consumption this FDA regulatory requirement does not apply. However, if you are diverting your edible waste to animal feed operations, your company may be affected by FSMA.
The FDA and Worldwide Current Good Manufacturing Practices and Quality System Requirements Guidebook for Finished Pharmaceuticals
This guidance book is meant as a resource to manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, providing up-to-date information concerning required and recommended quality system practices. It should be used as a companion to the regulations/standards themselves and texts on the specific processes and activities contained within the QMS.
This book includes chapters on US current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) international GMP global GMP guides and harmonization detailed analysis of the requirements and guidances missing subparts what inspectors are looking for and the price of noncompliance. It also includes an appendix with two tabulated comparisons: the first compares US, European-PIC/S, Canadian, and WHO cGMPs, while the second compares US cGMPs with effective quality system elements.
The companion CD contains cGMP regulations for sterile products produced by aseptic processing it also includes updated data of statistical enforcement by the FDA, both domestically and abroad a detailed glossary and dozens of FDA guidance documents as well as international regulations (EU and Canada) and harmonization documents (WHO, PIC/S, and ICH). A very comprehensive checklist for a cGMP audit that is based on risk management criteria is also included. Finally, a comprehensive GMP exam is also included.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Resources
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards. It is designed to minimize the risks involved in any pharmaceutical production that cannot be eliminated through testing the final product.
GMP covers all aspects of production from the starting materials, premises, and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff. Detailed written procedures are essential for each process that could affect the quality of the finished product. There must be systems to provide documented proof that correct procedures are consistently followed at each step in the manufacturing process - every time a product is made.
USFDA's Systems-Based GMP Inspection Approach
GMP compliance is widely-accepted as the best way to conduct business, putting product quality first. Representing the “original” GMP Institute, ISPE’s GMP courses combine a convenient format with an effective, interactive learning experience. To maximize and customize your professional development. Complete each of the individual US FDA's GMP Inspection Approach online courses for an overview of all the Systems.
Basics of Sanitation & Current Good Manufacturing Practices
This course provides basic information about sanitation for food plants. The course walks through the principles of sanitation, sanitation chemicals, employee practices and other related topics. The course is specifically targeted to sanitation line workers.
Fee: $100 includes materials, certificate of attendance, refreshments and lunch.
Event website with registration link: https://foodprocessing.wsu.edu/extension/training/basic-sanitation/
Location & Dates
Walter Clore Wine and Culinary Center
2140A Wine Country Rd
Prosser, WA 99350
Training is limited to 50 people
|7:30am – 8:00am||Check-in or Onsite Registration|
|8:00am – 8:10am||Introductions & Kick-off|
|8:10am – 8:30am||Overview of the Course and Importance of Sanitation in Food Safety|
|8:30am – 9:20am||Overview of the cGMPs|
|9:20am – 9:30am||Coffee Break|
|9:30am – 10:30am||Basics of Food Microbiology|
|10:30am – 11:30am||Personnel: Health & Hygiene|
|11:30am – 12:30pm||Lunch Break – Provided|
|12:30pm – 1:30pm||Basic Sanitizers|
|1:30pm – 2:30pm||Equipment and Utensils Cleaning & Sanitary Design|
|2:30pm – 2:45pm||Coffee Break|
|2:45pm – 3:45pm||Basic Cleaning and Sanitation|
|3:45pm – 4:45pm||Building Sanitation Procedures (SSOP)|
|8:00am – 9:30am||Basic CIP & COP|
|9:30am – 10:30am||Allergen Management|
|10:30am – 10:45am||Coffee Break|
|10:45am – 11:45am||Sanitation Chemical Titration Testing – Best Practices|
|11:45am – 12:30pm||Lunch Break – Provided|
|12:30pm – 1:30pm||Stainless Steel Care & Protection|
|1:30pm – 2:30pm||Warehousing, Storage, Raw Materials and Finished Products|
|2:30pm – 2:40pm||Coffee Break|
|2:40pm – 3:40pm||Hand Washing|
|3:40pm – 4:00pm||Cougar Gold Cheese Drawings, Evaluations and Attendance Certificates.|
* Program subject to change
Don Jones, FOAM-iT
Girish Ganjyal, Washington State University Extension | <urn:uuid:d104f9b2-a2f4-4411-856e-1307b9b41832> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sz.vtlgbtcaucus.org/4757-53-current-good-manufacturing-practices-cgmps-biolog.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913695 | 6,420 | 2.875 | 3 |
Table of Contents
Improving the power efficiency of your home now will certainly stand you in excellent stead when it comes to marketing. When you have actually made the improvements, it's a great suggestion to have a new survey done to reflect these changes. As of April 2018, property managers in England as well as Wales are needed by legislation to obtain an EPC score of band E or above to allow their buildings to new occupancies or revivals.
When you've located the EPC for your current or prospective residence (you can find it via the EPC register here), we'll currently chat you with what everything ways. The EPC made use of in this example is of a 3-bedroom brand-new develop residence. The initial area of the Energy Efficiency Certificate explains as well as highlights your home's approximated expense of energy, which is split into 3 groups: lighting, home heating, as well as hot water.
The greater the effectiveness, the reduced the running prices. Alongside the existing power performance rating of your house is a 'potential score', which shows just how efficient your home could be if the recommended improvements are set up (there's more on this later). Top activities you can take This area is most matched to house owners looking to do some home improvements.
The improvements recommended below are normally the easiest and also quickest to execute, however they have a large influence on your EPC score. Given that the example of an EPC is of a brand-new develop, a lot of its energy effectiveness steps were covered throughout installation in order to meet modern Structure Laws.
For elements that are tough to tell the power effectiveness, the EPC assessor will certainly make an informed estimate. This is typically based on the age of the residence.
EPC assessors would certainly base their estimation on the age of your house, as well as the needs of Structure Laws of that time, so keep in mind to keep any paperwork of energy effectiveness enhancements to hand throughout the EPC survey! Reduced and no carbon power resources As the summary suggests, this area of the EPC has to do with resources of power that have little or no carbon discharges - Local EPC Assessor Minster.
Your residence's home heating need The table indicates exactly how much home heating will certainly be needed (k, Wh each year) in the type of room heating and also warm water. If you're staying in a poorly protected house (don't worry, most individuals in the UK are), the table offers a price quote of just how a lot this warm demand will certainly minimize by including the suggested actions.
Recommendations Going into even more information from the 'leading actions you can take', the referrals discussed in this area of the Power Performance Certification are cumulative. This properly functions as a detailed guide to take your home's EPC rating from red to eco-friendly. Together with estimated costs, the EPC determines just how much can be saved per year, and the result that action would carry the general EPC score.
The ecological effect of structures Finally, after a brief section regarding the EPC assessor and the certification, the last paragraph provides a (instead troubling) price quote of exactly how much carbon dioxide is produced by your residence. This is complied with by the minimized quote once the abovementioned improvements are established.
(HIPs) for residential residential or commercial properties with 4 or more bed rooms. Over time this requirement was prolonged to smaller homes. When the demand for HIPs was removed in May 2010, the need for EPCs proceeded.
Rental residential or commercial properties, which have a certification legitimate for one decade, required on a new occupancy beginning on or after 1 October 2008 (Book An Energy Performance Certificate Assessor Minster). They are an outcome of European Union Directive 2002/91/EC associating with the energy performance of buildings, as transposed right into British legislation by the Real estate Act 2004 as well as The Energy Performance of Structures (Certifications as well as Inspections) (England and also Wales) Regulations 2007 (S.I.
There are comparable numbers for ecological influence. A table of approximated yearly power expenses (and also the possibility for improvement) is also presented, however without any kind of referral to householder bills. The homeowner will certainly have to spend for the study, which costs around 75 - 100 for a 4 bed room house. The exercise is completely non-invasive, so the software application will certainly make presumptions on the insulation residential or commercial properties of different elements of the residential property based on age and also construction type.
Energy efficiency certifications present the power effectiveness of residences on a range of A to G. The most reliable houses which need to have the most affordable gas bills are in band A. The certification makes use of the exact same scale to specify the effect a house has on the environment.
The accuracy of the referrals will certainly depend on the assessment standards applied by the inspector, which might be variable. Examiners, that might be Home Inspectors (HIs) or Domestic Power Assessors (DEAs), are audited by their certification bodies in order to keep requirements. The referrals show up general in tone, however are in reality bespoke to the property concerned.
The EU directive requires the EPC referrals to be budget-friendly in boosting the energy efficiency of the house, however in enhancement to presenting the a lot of expense effective options, a lot more expensive choices which are much less affordable are additionally provided. To distinguish them from the even more inexpensive actions, these are revealed in an area called 'further measures'.
The Commercial Power Assessor have to be qualified to the degree of the building to carry out the inspection. From October 2008 all buildings including factories, offices, retail properties and also public sector buildings - should have an EPC whenever the building is offered, constructed or rented.
From January 2009 inspections for cooling systems will certainly be presented. The A to G range for non-domestic EPCs [modify] The A to G range is a straight scale based on two vital points specified as complies with: The no factor on the range is defined as the performance of the structure that has absolutely no net annual CO2 emissions related to the usage of the repaired building solutions as defined in the Building Rules.
The border between grade B as well as quality C is evaluated the Standard Emissions price (SER) and provided an Asset Ranking of 50. Due to the fact that the scale is straight, the border between qualities D and also grade E matches to a ranking of 100. This is based on the actual building dimensions however with conventional assumptions for fabric, glazing and also structure solutions.
Present energy certificates (DECs) show the real power usage of a structure, the Operational Score, and assist the public see the energy performance of a structure. This is based on the power usage of the structure as taped by gas, electrical power and also various other meters. The DEC needs to be clearly displayed at all times as well as plainly visible to the public.
The rating reveals the energy performance of the building as it is being used by the passengers, when contrasted to the efficiency of other structures of the very same kind. A structure with performance equivalent to one regular of its kind would certainly as a result have an Operational Score of 100. A building that caused no CO2 emissions would have an Operational Ranking of zero, and also a structure that caused twice the typical carbon dioxide emissions would have a Functional Rating of 200.
See an instance. Objection [modify] Old University Farmhouse, a noted structure dating to the 1600s, with thick wall surfaces rates improperly under existing guidelines, EPCs have acquired some political conflict, partly mirroring the real estate market situation in the UK (2008 ). Numerous in the real estate sector, such as the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, have actually criticised the introduction of EPCs, on the grounds mediocre.
A more argument is typically made concerning the top quality of assessment made to create the certificate.
Power efficiency certifications offer the energy effectiveness of houses on a range of A to G - Book An Energy Performance Assessor Minster. The most reliable homes which ought to have the cheapest gas costs are in band A. The certificate makes use of the very same scale to specify the influence a residence has on the environment.
The precision of the suggestions will certainly rely on the inspection standards applied by the assessor, which may vary. Assessors, that might be Residence Inspectors (HIs) or Domestic Energy Assessors (DEAs), are examined by their certification bodies in order to preserve requirements. The referrals appear general in tone, but remain in fact bespoke to the residential property concerned. EPC Assessors Minster.
The EU regulation calls for the EPC referrals to be inexpensive in improving the power efficiency of the home, however in enhancement to providing the many inexpensive options, extra expensive choices which are much less affordable are also offered. To identify them from the even more inexpensive actions, these are shown in an area called 'more steps'.
The Commercial Power Assessor should be qualified to the degree of the structure to lug out the examination. From October 2008 all buildings consisting of manufacturing facilities, workplaces, retail premises and also public sector buildings - should have an EPC whenever the building is marketed, constructed or leased.
From January 2009 inspections for air conditioning systems will certainly be introduced. The A to G scale is a straight range based on two essential factors specified as adheres to: The zero factor on the scale is defined as the performance of the structure that has absolutely no web yearly CO2 discharges linked with the usage of the taken care of structure services as defined in the Building Regulations.
The border in between quality B and also grade C is evaluated the Criterion Emissions price (SER) as well as provided an Asset Score of 50 (EPC Assessors Minster). Because the range is linear, the limit in between grades D and also quality E matches to a score of 100. This is based upon the real building dimensions however with conventional presumptions for textile, glazing and structure solutions.
Present power certificates Show energy certifications (DECs) show the real energy usage of a building, the Operational Score, as well as assist the public see the power efficiency of a structure. This is based upon the power consumption of the structure as taped by gas, electrical energy and also other meters. The DEC ought to be clearly presented whatsoever times and plainly noticeable to the public.
The ranking shows the energy efficiency of the building as it is being used by the residents, when contrasted to the efficiency of other structures of the same type. EPC Assessors Minster. A building with performance equal to one typical of its type would therefore have a Functional Ranking of 100. Book An Energy Performance Certificate Assessor. A building that led to zero carbon dioxide exhausts would have an Operational Rating of absolutely no, as well as a structure that caused twice the normal carbon dioxide exhausts would have a Functional Rating of 200.
See an instance. Criticism [modify] Old College Farmhouse, a detailed structure dating to the 1600s, with thick wall surfaces rates improperly under existing regulations, EPCs have gained some political conflict, partly showing the housing market dilemma in the UK (2008 ). Several in the real estate sector, such as the Royal Organization of Chartered Surveyors, have actually criticised the intro of EPCs, on the premises mediocre.
A further objection is frequently made worrying the high quality of evaluation made to produce the certificate.
Table of Contents
Guide To Energy Performance Certificates | <urn:uuid:cd47f533-9b25-4654-aab4-72d203a38bc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://book-an-epc.southeastbusinessdirectory.co.uk/page/epc-energy-performance-certificates-minster-8Pi5QiJTB_Fj | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.963507 | 2,396 | 1.90625 | 2 |
How connected buildings could enrich our lives
We spend an inordinate amount of time in our workplace. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, Americans spend 87% of their life indoors. The majority of industrialized countries follow suit. So, it’s fair to say the buildings in which we live and work play a significant role in our daily lives.
Interestingly – when you ask people what kinds of buildings they use – most of us have a hard time to think beyond their home and work place. A simple exercise to overcome this is to chronologically go through your last week(s) and focus your memory on what you did in context of where those things happened. And all of a sudden you will remember the time you spent waiting at the airport, picking up your kids at preschool, sweating at the gym or circling the crowded parking lot at the mall.
3 building categories
If we now grouped all the buildings you came up with into categories, we would probably end up with just a few such as residential, commercial and public buildings on the highest level. Whereas everyone of us has maximum control over their own homes and how smart it has to be to provide the adequate levels of comfort, security, sustainability and fun, we all rely very much on others to provide this in buildings falling into one of the other two categories.
What to expect of a connected building?
And as simple as it sounds: behind every one of those buildings there is a business model. And as we believe at Sales-force, every business model needs to be centred around the customer.
So, if we all consider ourselves as customers of whoever plans, owns or operates a commercial or public building or parts of it: What would we expect? Which services, features and experiences could add value to our stay as residents or guests?
Can you now begin to imagine how connected buildings could provide intelligent services and tailored experiences to each and every one of us? Think of apps at work allowing you to engage and balance the temperature, lighting and fresh air amongst all people in a meeting room or on a specific floor. Think of co-working spaces which know when you need how much space and what kind of equipment is helping you to get your job done – and, of course, offering a convenient reserved parking space at peak times. Think of vending machines that know which drinks to stock to ensure that your favourite one never runs out. Think of how you would like to experience work, travel, shopping, leisure activities and events.
Creating highly personalized experiences
The Internet of Things opens up a whole new world of opportunities through engaging residents and guests with highly personalized experiences. We move from connected products to a connected customer experience. This connected experience for commercial building can transform the way building operators manage their space and how the new millennial generation obtains their space and associated services.
How building technology needs to evolve
Building technology in commercial and public buildings has been mostly focused on sensors and alarm systems, which inform different target groups in a building whenever a certain threshold is surpassed. And this mostly happens in a very basic fashion e.g. through hardware in the building. But this is not really intuitive nor user friendly. Nor does it create much value beyond basic safety. Clearly, there is a huge lack of truly value added services, especially ones which are easy to consume and use e.g. providing the most effective and pleasant shopping trail through a mall you have never been to.
Connected buildings: When do they create value?
It is not rocket science that connecting devices and services will only be successful when it creates value for customers and employees. But I believe this to be especially true for connected commercial buildings which will play a key role in differentiating companies in the battle for customers and talent.
There is an opportunity to disrupt the way the market views building management – a move from selling a product, a room, a space, to offering services within that space that then sell that room. Building operators need to shift their thinking and understand that the next generation of workers wants services, not just a space to park their laptop.
Focus on connected building business models
We spoke about this being a disruptive service, from the standpoint of product to service, and new ways of determining cost and contract models by supply and demand, one month contracts vs. 10 year, and based on demand rather than a set fee.
To bring this reality to life in the context of your specific environment might seem challenging. One must define a winning value proposition and create a balance between what is technically feasible to deliver the most value for the customer and solve for the underlying business case.
Being a Maker I like to tackle these challenges to identify a differentiating experience from two angles:
- What value could be delivered through this experience and to or by whom?
- What technologies must be deployed to deliver distinct value to the customer?
For further information please visit https://blog.bosch-si.com/ | <urn:uuid:15815991-26c8-4b96-af38-9b64d775fc28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smartautomationmag.com/index.php/editorial/case-studies/connected-future | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96361 | 1,000 | 2.125 | 2 |
The summer break can often cause a decline in children’s knowledge from the prior school year – also known as the summer slide.
To celebrate Skills for Success Day, ABC Life Literacy Canada along with Skills Canada is hosting a virtual workshop series on a different skill.
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Today’s youth are often told that they just need to work harder or cut back on having brunch every weekend in order to afford a house. And frankly, they’re tired of hearing it.
The best way to combat the summer slide is to ensure children spend time every day learning, in order to practise their literacy skills.
With June being Senior’s Month, an annual initiative marked in several provinces io to recognize and celebrate older adults, here are seven ways to avoid financial scams.
The HSBC Family Literacy First program has recently expanded to offer a new workbook, a series of learning videos, and a new award for the literacy community.
Western approaches have historically dominated many education institutions. Here are three tips to create a successful literacy program that’s culturally responsive to Indigenous learners.
This past Spring, MusicNL teamed up with ABC Life Literacy Canada to offer a three-part series through the Activate Learning program. They hosted workshops on three different soft skills.
Creating a budget is an important step in managing your money. A budget is essentially a spending plan for how you will spend your money so you can best meet your needs and goals.
Are you a few key skills away from reaching your dream job? Can you picture yourself working in that restaurant or office down the street, but you’re not sure how to get your resume in shape?
Was there ever anything you wanted to learn, but didn’t? Do you feel like it is too late to begin learning it? What barriers are stopping you?
While this learning loss is sometimes thought of in terms of kids coming back to school with rusty reading and math skills after summer break, it can actually happen to anyone.
By living in a democratic country, we can participate in the political decisions that affect us – but only if we have the knowledge and confidence to do so.
ABC Life Literacy Canada has partnered with Elections Ontario to create a number of resources to help literacy practitioners engage adult learners in civic literacy.
Financial stress ranks as the highest stress of the big four stresses. As we head into Mental Health Week, now the is perfect time to talk about how financial stress can affect our mental health.
Did you know that struggling with your finances can negatively impact your work performance, relationships and mental health?
When people follow a healthy diet, they can focus and self-regulate better, leading to greater success in achieving their educational goals.
Inclusion Canada supports adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism and is one of many organizations using UP Skills for Work to help clients gain the soft skills needed for employment.
For more than seven years, Literacy Alliance of the Shuswap Society has been running a Cyber Seniors program to help local seniors learn to use technology in a safe and approachable way.
ABC Life Literacy Canada is pleased to announce that its ABC Internet Matters program, supported by the Canadian Bankers Association, is expanding to offer new resources.
Marketing can be expensive, and for non-profits, it can feel nearly impossible to be able to afford the going rate for ad space.
This year we're hosting four Innovation Learning Labs, thanks to the support of Canada Life. In each webinar we will discuss one topic that is important and relevant to the literacy field in 2022.
The following three strategies can help you increase the number of learners enrolled in your literacy programs – especially for those living in rural settings.
The English language can be confusing enough for native speakers to learn. So when you deliver your adult literacy programs to non-native speakers, it’s only natural that additional effort...
Essential Employability Skills – Health Sector is a pilot project for innovative literacy and essential employability skills training, designed to address labour market and workforce challenges...
Each time you onboard a new employee, there’s significant cost and time involved. So when you hire someone great, you want to do everything possible to keep them happy in their role.
This BC digital literacy program aims to teach low-income seniors how to navigate their cell phones and/or tablets with the ultimate goal of enriching the quality of life of the seniors it serves.
Filing your taxes can bring you financial benefits. By filing your taxes on time, you can automatically receive government benefits you qualify for, thus increasing your income...
To ensure children don't suffer from learning loss at this time, try these fun learning activities together as a family.
ABC Life Literacy Canada is pleased to announce that its online learning portal, the ABC Skills Hub, has expanded its program offering to include courses aligning with the Skills for Success.
Join us throughout February and March to learn more about assistive technology tools that can help you support learners with diverse abilities.
The Board of Directors of ABC Life Literacy Canada (ABC) is pleased to announce the appointment of Ms. Alison Howard as ABC’s next Executive Director (ED).
Families, libraries and literacy groups across the country are getting ready to once again celebrate the annual Family Literacy Day, which takes place on January 27th.
Many of these new resources focus on assistive technologies, which is a type of technology used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of persons with diverse abilities.
There’s a lot we don’t know about what life will be like as we all learn to live with COVID-19. But there’s one thing we can say for sure: active, outdoor play is exactly what our kids need right now.
While some successes will come naturally for them, there are other core parts of adulthood that can benefit from some education at a young age.
Here are 10 outdoor learning activities you can do as a family to celebrate Family Literacy Day and practice learning together year-round.
Let’s dig into the relationship between nature and learning to find out more about the impact of nature on cognitive development.
The new year is around the corner, and with a new year comes a new opportunity to start fresh and live the life that allows you to be your best self.
In case you missed any of the news posts written for the literacy community this year, we’ve recapped the top 10 most popular.
Whether it’s finding the right gifts on time or wondering if you can afford them, this season is full of triggers for anxiety.
Planning for Family Literacy Day is well underway, and families, schools, libraries, literacy groups and other community organizations are invited to take part in the initiative on January 27, 2022.
We all know the holiday season can be downright expensive. Here are some key steps for making a holiday budget and tips for staying the course.
For over 30 years, the Construction Association of PEI's (CAPEI) Youth in Trade program has been helping youth get into the trades.
The Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre recently ran the Money Matters for Indigenous Peoples financial literacy program.
To help families improve their financial literacy skills throughout the year, ABC Life Literacy Canada offers five financial literacy activities for the family to do together.
To celebrate Financial Literacy Month, adult learners from the Money Matters financial literacy program share their top 10 money management tips.
We take a look at the programs of the 2021 Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award honourable mention winners.
With November being Financial Literacy Month, now is the perfect time for adults to take control of their money and improve their financial know-how with these free financial literacy resources.
November marks Financial Literacy Month (FLM), an initiative launched by numerous community groups, non-profits and government bodies to help improve Canadians’ financial literacy levels.
Pacific Immigrant Resources Society was awarded top honours for this year’s Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award for their program.
You invest so much into your literacy organization – both emotionally and physically – that it’s only a matter of time before you start feeling the effects.
YWCA St. John’s recently worked with ABC Life Literacy Canada on train-the-trainer activities through the Activate Learning program.
October is Health Literacy Month, which aims to bring attention to the importance of making health information easy to understand, and making the health care system easier to navigate.
Today marks Skills for Success Day (formerly Essential Skills Day), an annual initiative to raise awareness about the importance of the key skills needed for learning, work and life.
Employees with stronger literacy skills are more successful at work and contribute to an improved bottom line. Here’s why literacy skills are so crucial in the workplace.
YES Employment & Entrepreneurship Montreal turned to our Money Matters program for assistance in offering a more robust financial literacy workshop to meet participants’ complex needs.
The Association for New Canadians is a non-profit, community-based organization delivering settlement and integration services to immigrants and refugees in Newfoundland and Labrador.
For over five years, Douglas College’s I-CARE Adult Literacy program and New Westminster literacy groups had been discussing the need for a digital literacy program and what it might look like.
We are pleased to announce the winners of the 2021 Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award, which recognizes organizations that develop and implement innovative adult literacy skills programs.
An effective volunteer training program can help your organization not only improve volunteer retention but also ensure that new volunteers have the necessary skills to perform their duties properly.
A recent OECD report indicated that workplace shutdowns as a result of COVID-19 had a negative effect on the ability of adults to participate in learning and training opportunities.
From how to increase productivity to better project management methods, here are four of the best organizational tips for busy literacy organizations.
Epilepsy Toronto ran four Money Matters workshops virtually during Epilepsy Awareness Month in March.
Looking for funding sources is a tireless yet crucial challenge. Luckily, there are plenty of fundraising ideas that can help keep your adult literacy programs afloat.
The majority of adult learners upgrade their skills in order to gain better more meaningful employment. Here’s how to educate your adult learners on the impact that literacy has on employment.
North Bay Jail was pressed to find programming that they could run internally on their own throughout the pandemic. With a quick Google search, they came across UP Skills for Work.
To spread awareness, attract funders and learners, and engage volunteers, you need effective marketing.
June 15th marks World Elder Abuse Awareness Day to acknowledge the significance of elder abuse as a public health and human rights issue.
Connectivity has never been more important than in this last year, when the pandemic separated people from their friends and families for an extended period of time.
For over 30 years, Prince Albert Literacy Network has run free literacy programming for its small community of 40,000 in Saskatchewan, of which nearly 50 per cent are Indigenous.
Whether you’re trying to market your program, advocate for more government funding, or develop partnerships with sponsors, communicating the importance of adult literacy is key.
Students lose one month’s worth of school-year learning due to summer vacation. The best way to combat the summer slide is to ensure children spend time each day practising their literacy skills.
With many families doing homeschooling and spending more time at home, the time to address the family’s financial literacy together has never come at a better time.
Despite already having a fantastic close-knit staff, the Hungry Heart Cafe decided to implement workplace training workshops through the UP Skills for Work program, offered through Activate Learning.
Although a constant worry for many of us, financial stress may be worse than ever during the pandemic. Learn how to manage financial stress.
A YMCA in Kitchener recently launched a pilot program designed to build digital literacy amongst older adults as a way to help them better understand fake news amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Throughout the month of May, we’ll be hosting three webinars on social media for those that are interested in taking their know-how to the next level.
Children aren’t the only ones who sometimes lack the confidence to engage in class. Many adult students are also hesitant to participate in front of peers.
During this Spring break, take the time as a family to continue learning outside of the classroom to ensure kids don’t miss out on even more schooling.
Assessments can show when a learner is ready to progress to the next level of learning and identify areas that may need extra attention or focus. Here are four assessment tools to consider.
As a non-profit organization, it’s your goal to raise awareness about the important work you do and bring about change to the community that you serve. One of the ways to do this is through advocacy.
The Ability Employment Corporation provides career counselling and job placement services to persons with intellectual disabilities as well as those facing barriers to employment.
Enjoying everything the world has to offer involves going using technology. But if you don’t feel confident in doing so, it can be hard to participate.
March is Fraud Prevention Month, an annual awareness initiative started by the Competition Bureau to help Canadians recognize, reject and report fraud.
Tax season is around the corner, which means it’s a great time to brush up on your financial literacy skills and learn more about the Canadian taxation system.
Developing a successful employee training and development program can be time-consuming, costly and challenging without the right tools. However, the benefits are worth the investment.
As a non-profit organization with a limited staffing budget, volunteers are one of your most valuable resources – and for good reason.
Soft skills are the non-technical skills that help employees interact effectively with others. These can include skills such as time management, confidence and adaptability.
Despite physical distancing rules still in place across the country, many groups are getting creative in order to take part in the annual Family Literacy Day virtually on January 27th.
As children, we’re encouraged to think and play creatively – and for a good reason. Being imaginative is vital to a child’s cognitive development...
After a year of limited mobility, ABC Life Literacy Canada is encouraging families to use their imagination to explore and travel the world from the comfort of their home.
Whether you’re a seasoned pro or new to the non-profit world, brushing up on your grant writing skills is never a bad idea. Here are four tips for writing effective funding applications.
Award-winning illustrator and author Barbara Reid, who is the Honorary Chair of Family Literacy Day, explains that travelling can be done anywhere. Here are Barbara’s top 5 activities...
At Memorial University in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, about 17 per cent of its students are from abroad. For Deneice Falconer, it’s her job to support international students...
Help prevent learning loss and ensure kids return sharper than ever by encouraging family literacy activities over the school break.
A look at the great work being done by the four honourable mention winners of the 2020 Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award.
Here’s what practitioners should know about self-directed learning so that they can start incorporating it into their literacy programs.
BALANCE for Blind Adults provides customized training and support for persons who are blind or living with sight loss and recently ran two of our literacy programs.
In an industry that’s strapped for resources – both financial and human capital – it can be challenging to make program evaluation a priority.
To help you with your adult learner teaching strategies, we’ve outlined the three different ways that adults learn and teaching tips for each.
Earlier this year, REP Here in Canada was awarded top honours for this year’s Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award for their program, Here Magazine.
ABC Internet Matters provides introductory digital literacy education for Canadian seniors who are not using the internet and adult learners who have a gap on the digital curve.
In honour of the 10th anniversary of Financial Literacy Month, here are 10 financial literacy tips shared by adult learners that have participated in the Money Matters program.
Announcing the launch of an online learning portal that offers asynchronous, at-home delivery of its adult literacy programs: the ABC Skills Hub.
To keep learners engaged, your literacy program needs to be set up in a way that helps learners acquire, retain and transfer new knowledge.
Adults learn differently than children, which can make teaching quite difficult. To help keep your adult learners motivated, here are four helpful tips.
The North York Women’s Centre offers services such as employment readiness & violence prevention, but recently, they were keen to explore digital literacy.
Today marks the 10th year of Essential Skills Day, an annual initiative to raise awareness about the importance of essential skills training in strengthening Canada's workforce.
The Student Leadership & Youth Empowerment Network is a Toronto-based non-profit that connects youth to different resources in their community.
September 8, 2020 is our 30th birthday! Since our inception in 1990, we've worked tirelessly to support the literacy and learning community in Canada.
In order to keep adult learners engaged throughout their learning, they need to be offered a variety of innovative programming and course material, including worksheets.
ABC Life Literacy Canada is pleased to announce the top and honourable mention winners of the 2020 Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award.
September is a time when not only children head back to school, but adults also look to begin healthier routines, start a home renovation or sign up for a new course.
Four new "lesson plans" written in clear language and formatted as step-by-step guides for at-home learning show adults how to use Skype, Zoom, Google Duo and FaceTime.
Stella’s Circle in St John’s, NL is used to providing a wide variety of programming for its clients, including housing, clinical and employment services to people who have barriers to participation.
Developing reading and writing skills can be difficult for anyone, particularly adults. Keeping learners motivated can be one of the most difficult aspects of running an adult literacy program.
As we all adapt to the new normal amid COVID-19, literacy groups and other organizations across the country have begun offering remote programming.
The past few months have thrown our lives upside down. Due to COVID-19, businesses and organizations have been forced to move online in order to keep afloat.
As educators, there is an enormous opportunity to address racism in our classrooms and ensure that all of our learners feel that they are in a safe and inclusive learning environment.
We've just released a new workbook from our HSBC Family Literacy First program that focus on family financial literacy. The workbook is available in English, French and Simplified Chinese.
Family responsibilities, jobs and household duties can limit the amount of time adults have to devote to education and hinder their ability to achieve their learning goals.
Most literacy organizations and not-for-profits can agree that when it comes to resources, they are extremely limited – whether it be time, staff and volunteers, or money.
The survey found that teens who talked about finances with their parents, even just once a week, scored 33 points higher in financial literacy than those who did not.
With so much information being shared on the internet and on social media, separating fact from fiction can be difficult.
About 84 per cent of jobs in Canada currently require computer and technical skills, and that number is only expected to increase in the coming years.
With many people unemployed or working reduced hours due to COVID-19, being financially literate is more important than ever. Now is the perfect opportunity to increase your financial literacy skills.
Through remote learning, literacy practitioners can ensure their learners can continue developing their literacy skills. Here’s what you should keep in mind when building a distance learning program.
Three new workbooks have been added to this financial literacy program designed for adults with various intellectual, verbal, physical and nonphysical capabilities.
When Ryan Waldron of the Grimsby Public Library received an email about a free digital literacy program, he thought it sounded like the perfect way to improve their existing digital literacy program.
Navigating the world of fundraising can be a challenge, so we’ve pulled together a list of adult literacy grants and funding opportunities for literacy organizations in Canada.
Improving your financial literacy skills is the best way to protect yourself from online financial fraud. Here are some things you can do to protect yourself from being scammed.
Activate Learning is a new program focused exclusively on supporting and empowering the population of Newfoundland and Labrador.
While there are numerous literacy organizations intent on improving adult literacy rates, getting program awareness out can often be challenging.
Tax season is just around the corner, which means it’s a great time to brush up on your financial literacy skills.
When Sharon Crowley read about a new digital literacy program from ABC Life Literacy Canada, it caught her eye.
Family Literacy Day is taking place on January 27th and hundreds of groups across the country are preparing to celebrate the annual initiative.
Putting aside just 20 minutes a day to do a fun learning activity – whether it’s reading a book, playing a game, following a recipe or singing a song – can have impact on parent and child.
A new program aims to partner young people with strong online and tech skills with adult learners who want to improve their digital knowledge.
Reducing your electronic screen time and spending more time together learning as a family, can have many positive effects including developing better communications and social skills for children.
In celebration of the 21st annual celebration, ABC Life Literacy Canada is offering 20 tips for families to do during 2020 to make sure everyone keeps their literacy skills sharp.
Like many students, Jenna Martinuzzi wasn't taught how to spend wisely or budget her money in school, so she took part in a financial literacy program designed for students with various abilities.
A community literacy organization has added a new twist to its youth employment program. The Taber Youth Employment Program has incorporated financial literacy training into its instruction.
Twenty-five children and their parents gathered at Dawson Boys & Girls Club to celebrate Financial Literacy Month at an event co-hosted with ABC Life Literacy and facilitated by HSBC volunteers.
Street Haven Toronto at the CrossRoads offers pathways for at-risk women. They are one of many organizations hosting workshops to help adults improve their digital literacy skills.
A new community program is hoping to make the most of this by pairing tech-savvy youth with adults hoping to improve their digital skills.
Youth Teaching Adults, a successful digital literacy program presented by ABC Life Literacy Canada and Youth Empowering Parents, has just been released in French.
Financial Literacy Month encourages Canadians to take control of their financial well-being by making a budget, having a savings plan, and understanding their financial rights and responsibilities.
When it comes to financial literacy, the statistics are startling. According to The Financial Planning Standards Council, four in 10 Canadians report that money is a daily concern.
While youth are improving their financial literacy skills at school, an important group of people who could benefit from financial literacy education have been forgotten: adults in the workplace.
In honour of the 10th annual Essential Skills Day, ABC Life Literacy Canada (ABC) has added three additional workshops to its UP Skills for Work employability skills program.
ABC Life Literacy is pleased to announce the winners of the 2019 Canada Life Literacy Innovation Award, which recognizes organizations innovative adult literacy and essential skills programs.
Money Matters for People with Diverse Abilities was designed for those with various intellectual, verbal, physical and nonphysical capabilities.
Canada’s largest printer of hardcover books is one of the latest companies jumping at the opportunity to upgrade their employees’ skills.
ABC Life Literacy is pleased to announce that its HSBC Family Literacy First program has been renewed with a new focus on family financial literacy.
While some Canadians thrive on new and technology, others find it confusing and daunting. How do we connect tech-savvy individuals with those who could benefit the most from their knowledge?
Ambreen Sarai, Economic Reintegration Specialist for the City of Toronto is a big supporter of employability skills programming. Sarai is running UP Skills for Work for her clients.
October is Health Literacy Month. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, 60 per cent of Canadian adults and 88 per cent of seniors are not health literate.
ABC Life Literacy is pleased to announce that Money Matters for Newcomers and New Canadians, a financial literacy program, is now available in Simplified Chinese.
As the sun rises on the longest day of the year, ABC Life Literacy joins Canadians in celebrating the heritage, diverse cultures and the many contributions of our country’s Indigenous Peoples.
ABC Life Literacy is proud to announce the new and improved HSBC Family Literacy First website – now with access to over 50 downloadable family learning activities.
ABC Life Literacy is ringing in the New Year with Money Matters for Newcomers and New Canadians, a financial literacy program for Canada’s newcomer community. | <urn:uuid:d95f9f57-6442-4b0a-a81a-48b8d643b9f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abclifeliteracy.ca/news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946017 | 5,403 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Major rail safety technology installed before deadline
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) — The railroad industry has installed an automatic braking system on nearly 58,000 miles of track where it is required ahead of a yearend deadline, federal regulators said Tuesday.
Federal Railroad Administration chief Ronald Batory said railroads worked together over the past 12 years to develop and install the long-awaited technology known as positive train control, or PTC. The roughly $15 billion braking system is aimed at reducing human error by automatically stopping trains in certain situations, such as when they’re in danger of colliding, derailing because of excessive speed, entering track under maintenance or traveling the wrong direction because of switching mistakes.
“PTC is a risk reduction system that will make a safe industry even safer, and provide a solid foundation upon which additional safety improvements will be realized,” Batory said.
The National Transportation Safety Board has said more than 150 train crashes since 1969 could have been prevented by positive train control, which was required in 2008 after a commuter train collided head-on with a freight train near Los Angeles, killing 25 and injuring more than 100. That agency had recommended positive train control for years before Congress mandated it after that crash. Then Congress extended the original 2015 deadline twice and gave railroads until the end of this year to complete the system.
Bob Chipkevich, who oversaw railroad crash investigations for several years at the NTSB, said positive train control is a significant safety improvement for the industry, particularly in areas where commuter trains operate and where hazardous gases are transported, but added that it could have been done years earlier and it is still not required on all tracks nationwide.
“When I was at NTSB, we were quite disappointed in how long it took to actually move forward with the requirements and development of the system,” Chipkevich said. “It is a disappointment that it has taken so long.”
Railroad analyst Tony Hatch said the industry had to make sure each railroad’s system would work with those installed by other railroads because trains hauling people and goods often travel across several different railroads’ tracks.
“It was an expensive, complicated and time consuming project,” Hatch said.
The braking system uses GPS, wireless radio and computers to monitor train position and speed, and it can give engineers commands. The NTSB said the system could have prevented the December 2017 derailment of an Amtrak passenger train in Washington state that killed three passengers and injured 57 people.
Ian Jefferies, CEO of the Association of American Railroads trade group, said completing the positive train control systems is an important milestone for the industry that will “enhance safety and springboard innovation long into the future.” | <urn:uuid:0f361fa7-1de9-47ff-88c7-da4313071658> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://j7dfh9pbumnyhazfmcsfgm9m.apnews.com/article/technology-transportation-safety-us-news-transportation-887894df4186c7a6b796dc39121d8f3c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966722 | 566 | 2.125 | 2 |
Listening to my aunt tell the the story of my uncle’s heartbreaking illness and eventual death from dementia last year, made me realise that this is a condition that takes away the last years of a persons lives in the most devastating way for both the patient and the carers.
Dementia is an illness that increasingly affects more and more people and it’s something that is becoming more talked about in books, films and plays. Monday’s Women’s Hour opened up the conversation around the subject and featured interviews with novelist Helen FitzGerald whose latest book, The Exit, tells the story of a woman in her eighties with dementia and Sally Magnusson, whose memoir, Where Memories Go is about the life of her mother and the way it is changed by dementia. Both are worth reading if you are caring for someone with the illness, as is the novel, Elizabeth is Missing, inspired by author Amma Healey’s grandmother.
Julianne Moore won a BAFTA and is nominated for an Oscar for her latest film, Still Alice where she plays a woman in her fifties diagnosed with early onset dementia – which is a terrifying thought. It is a sob inducing, honest view of a horrible illness and well worth seeing – when you are feeling strong! | <urn:uuid:ed271384-d732-4c4c-a7ea-162f419d609b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thewomensroomblog.com/2015/02/11/opening-up-the-conversation-around-dementia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964267 | 264 | 1.804688 | 2 |
If you have ever seen the above screen on powering on your Imac , Macbook or Macbook Air then there are some simple steps you can take to determine what is wrong.
The question mark display means one of the 5 following outcomes.
- Your hard drive has not been detected.
- A valid operating system has not been detected
- The drive has failed completely.
- The drive is failing and the file system is corrupt.
- The drive is good but the file system has become corrupt.
With the following steps you can determine if the drive exists and if so whether the system is repairable.
STEP 1 Power off your Mac by pressing the power button.
STEP 2 Start your Mac in Recovery Mode
- Hold down the power button
- Immediately press and hold Apple Recovery keys (? + R)
- Release the keys when you see an Apple logo or the Internet Connection logo below.
Once recovery mode has finished loading you should see the Recovery Utilities screen (see below).
STEP 4 Disk Utility
Select the Disk Utility option from the screen in Step 3 and a screen similar to the following should be displayed.
If your drive has been detected it will be listed on the left hand side of the disk utility under the Internal heading.
STEP 5 If your drive is not displayed then you will need to phone a professional to proceed.
STEP 6 Your drive is detected.
If your drive is found by the Mac disk Utility then you need to select the drive and then run the FIRST AID option.
A screen similar to the one above will appear and may or may not find errors. Once FIRST AID has completed you will need to reboot your mac and hopefully your problems will be resolved. If not you will need to phone a professional for further diagnosis of the problem. | <urn:uuid:5573c7f0-6867-4b54-856c-fa426e50f5bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.perthcomputer-repairs.com.au/blog/what-to-do-if-you-see-the-folder-with-question-mark-icon-on-apple-mac/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.924903 | 371 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Hyphae are made up of hypha, which are long filamentous branches that can be found in fungi and actinobacteria. Hyphae are essential structures for growth in these species, and they are collectively referred to as mycelium.
The first hyphae cell is produced from the spore, and it continues to grow until it reaches the apex.
Even though some of these structures are visible with the naked eye, an individual hypha is a microscopic tube-like structure with cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane.
In addition to the plasma membrane, hyphae is surrounded by a tougher cell wall. The cell wall is composed of chitin, which is a long chain of N-acetylglucosamine, a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide.
One of the most significant advantages of the chitin cell wall is its ability to be both strong and flexible. This allows the hyphae to grow and lengthen in any direction. This is aided, however, by the lysis of the cell wall at the tip of the hyphae.
The cell wall lyses during elongation, when cells are added to the tip of the hyphae, allowing cells to be added at the apex for hyphal elongation.
Simultaneously, a new cell wall is formed so that the new cells that are forming as the hyphae grows are protected.
Septate hyphae are so named because they form structures called septa between the cells. Unlike non-septate hyphae, septate hyphae, found in organisms like Aspergillus species, split the hyphae thread into several cells.
Hyphae is finely divided, but septa possess pores that allow different materials to pass between cells.
Aside from these materials and nutrients, the septa allow organelles like the ribosome to move from one cell to another. This is especially critical for newly formed cells at the hyphal tip.
Non-septate hyphae, also known as aseptate hyphae, lack septa and thus are typically elongated cells with no divisions. Non-septate hyphae are shorter and more erect as they are made up of elongated individual cells.
Hyphae characteristics are an important method of classifying various fungal species.
Generative hyphae are undifferentiated and capable of developing reproductive structures.
They are usually thin-walled, with slightly thickened walls on occasion, have frequent septa, and may have clamp connections. They could also be covered in mucilage or gelatinized.
Skeletal hyphae are classified into two types: classical, which are thick-walled and very long, and septate, which are rarely branched and have little cell content. They have a small number of septa and no clamp connections.
The second type of skeletal hyphae are fusiform skeletal hyphae. In contrast to typical skeletal hyphae, these are swollen centrally and frequently exceedingly broad, giving the hypha a fusiform shape.
Binding hyphae have thick-walled walls and are frequently branched. Because of the many tapering branches, they frequently resemble deer antlers or defoliated trees.
Understanding the life cycle of fungi is essential for understanding how hyphae are formed. Fungi’s life cycle begins with the production of spores, which are produced in the organism’s fruiting bodies.
When spores are dispersed into the surrounding environment by wind, animals, or other means, they begin to germinate and produce hyphae, this then develops further to form mycelium.
However, this is also affected by the type of environment in which the spore lands.
Spores germinate better in environments with adequate nutrients, warmth, and moisture than in environments without such suitable and favorable conditions.
The fungus, and thus the hyphae, grow at the tips of these tubular structures. Then, as the structure lengthens, new cells are constantly produced at the ends of the hyphae. This is accomplished through a process known as apical elongation.
Hyphae expand by extending cell walls and internal components from the tips.
During tip growth, a specialized organelle called the spitzenkörper aids in the formation of new membrane and cell wall structures by harboring and releasing vesicles derived from the golgi apparatus along the hypha’s apex.
The tip of the hypha is extended as the spitzenkörper moves due to the release of vesicle contents, which form the cell wall, and vesicle membranes, which form a new cell membrane.
As the hypha grows, new septa can form to divide the cells internally. The distinctive branching of hyphae is caused by the formation of a new tip from an existing hypha or the division of a growing tip.
Fungal species are also further classified based on the hyphal systems they contain. There are four general subtypes:
While almost all fungal species have generative hyphae, those that only have this type are known as monomitic.
A species that has generative hyphae as well as another type of hyphae. The most common dimitic fungi combination is generative and skeletal.
Species that contain all three types of hyphae including generative, skeletal, fusiform skeletal, and binding.
Fusiform skeletal hyphae are bound to generative hyphae to form sarcodimitic hyphae. Fusiform skeletal hyphae, as well as binding and generative hyphae, are found in sarcotrimic species.
Hyphae can be modified in a variety of ways to perform specific functions. Some parasitic fungi develop haustoria that aid in absorption within host cells.
Mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi perform a similar function in nutrient exchange and are therefore important in assisting water and plant nutrient absorption.
In lichens, hyphae envelop the gonidia and form a large part of their structure. Hyphae in nematode-trapping fungi can be transformed into trapping structures such as adhesive nets and constricting rings.
To transport nutrients over longer distances, cords can be formed.
Some parasitic fungi’s hyphae are specialized for nutrient absorption within a specific host.
These hyphae have specialized tips called haustoria that allow them to penetrate plant cell walls or other organisms’ tissues to obtain nutrients.
Some fungi have formed symbiotic relationships with vascular plant species. Fungi produce specialized hyphae called arbuscules, which are found in the roots or phylum of vascular plants and absorb nutrients and water from the soil.
In this way, the hyphae help the plants by increasing their access to nutrients in the soil while also promoting their own growth.
In some fungi, hyphae have evolved into specialized nematode-trapping structures that trap nematode species using nets and ring structures.
Several fungal species have hyphae that are made up of chord-like structures called mycelial chords, which are used by fungi like mushrooms to transport nutrients over long distances.
Mycelium is a fungus root-like structure composed of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Mycelium-based fungal colonies can be found in and on soil as well as a variety of other substrates.
Mycelia, unlike fungal hyphae, are highly branched and visible to the naked eye.
They have been found to be highly septate, which means that the tubular structures are divided into compartmental cells by septa, in addition to being highly branched.
When compatible monokaryotic mycelia join to form a dikaryotic mycelium, it can form fruiting bodies like mushrooms. A mycelium can be tiny, forming an invisible colony, or it can grow to cover thousands of acres.
A fungus absorbs nutrients from its surroundings via its mycelium. It accomplishes this in two stages.
To begin, hyphae secrete enzymes onto or into the food source, which degrade biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers. By facilitated diffusion and active transport, these monomers are absorbed into the mycelium.
Mycelia play an important role in the decomposition of plant material in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They contribute to the organic fraction of soil and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere as they grow.
Ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mycelium increase the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption in most plants and confer resistance to some plant pathogens.
Many soil invertebrates rely on mycelium as a food source. They are essential to agriculture and are essential to the majority of plant species, with many co-evolving with the fungi.
Mycelium is an important part in a plant’s health, nutrient intake, and growth, and it plays an important role in plant fitness.
Fungi play an important role in an ecosystem by decomposing organic compounds. Because petroleum products and some pesticides are organic molecules, they may provide a carbon source for fungi.
As a result, fungi have the potential to eliminate such pollutants from their surroundings, unless the chemicals are toxic to the fungus. Bioremediation refers to the process of biological degradation.
Mycelial mats have been proposed as biological filters capable of removing chemicals and microorganisms from soil and water. Mycofiltration refers to the use of fungal mycelium to accomplish this.
Understanding the relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi suggests new avenues for increasing crop yields.
Mycelium can act as a binder on logging roads, holding disturbed new soil together and stopping washouts until woody plants can establish roots.
Growing mycelium in agricultural waste can produce alternatives to polystyrene and plastic packaging. Mycelium has also been used to make furniture, bricks, and synthetic leather.
Fungi are essential for composting biomass because they decompose feedstock components like lignin, which many other composting microorganisms cannot.
When turning a backyard compost pile, visible networks of mycelia that have formed on the decaying organic material within are frequently exposed.
Organic farming and gardening require compost as a soil amendment and fertilizer. Composting has the potential to divert a significant portion of municipal solid waste from landfills.
When a spore germinates and turns into homokaryotic mycelia, it os an example of mycelia being involved in reproduction. The homokaryotic are mycelia with nuclei of the same genotype.
For example, when basidiospore spores germinate, they create homokaryotic mycelium composed of uninucleate or monokaryon cells.
When monokaryons come into contact, the hyphal walls rupture, a process known as hyphal anastomoses. This gives vegetatively compatible monokaryon nuclei the ability to move into the mycelia of the other monokaryon.
This eventually leads to the formation of binoculeate cells and, as a result, the formation of dikaryon mycelium.
The dikaryotic mycelium can form fruiting bodies that are included in sexual reproduction conditional on external conditions such as moisture, temperature, and pH, among others.
Fungi have two structures in their bodies: hyphae and mycelium. Hyphae are filaments that are made up of several cells at the tip. Fungal hyphae secrete digestive enzymes on the external organic material.
Mycelia and hyphae are both essential components of fungi, known as mushrooms. Hyphae and mycelia are the building blocks behind fungi.
The long pieces that comprise a mycelium are known as hyphae. Strings and threadlike filaments are common descriptions for hyphae.
Furthermore, hyphae absorb the nutrients that have been digested.
Mycelium is formed by hyphae and resembles a patchwork of threads. The complexity of each structure in the fungal body is the primary distinction between hyphae and mycelium.
Hyphae are classified according to their cell division, cell wall and overall form, and refractive appearance. Cell division divides hyphae into septate, aseptate which is without septa, and pseudohyphae.
Furthermore, hyphae are classified into three types based on their cell walls: generative, skeletal, and binding. Yeast is an unformed hypha that is very useful and applicable in many industries and fields.
Both the mycelium and the hyphae are responsible for an important fungi body process: nutrient and food absorption from the environment.
The enzyme is produced by the hyphae in each mycelium. Enzymes break down food or nutrients into digestible forms.
Food decomposition can also be used for other purposes, such as organic material decomposition, which aids in soil renewal.
- Guide To The Endospore Stain – Techniques, Procedures, And Importance - July 25, 2022
- What Are Hyphae? Including Production, Structure, And Variations - July 25, 2022
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|104.2 million (2017)|
|Regions with significant populations|
|Egypt||~94.8 million (2017 estimate)|
|United States||1,000,000 - 1,500,000 |
|United Arab Emirates||750,000|
|Official: Modern Standard Arabic|
National: Egyptian Arabic
Coptic (mainly for Coptic Christian rituals)
other Languages of Egypt
|Related ethnic groups|
Egyptians are the people inhabiting the country of Egypt. Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, a small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west. This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity.
The daily language of the Egyptians is a continuum of the local varieties of Arabic, the most famous dialect is known as Egyptian Arabic or Masri. Additionally, a sizable minority of Egyptians living in Upper Egypt speak Sa'idi Arabic. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi orders. A considerable percentage of Egyptians are Coptic Christians who belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church, whose liturgical language, Coptic, is the most recent stage of the ancient Egyptian language and is still used in prayers along with Arabic.
Egyptians have received several names:
- 𓂋𓍿𓀂𓁐𓏥𓈖𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 / rmṯ n Km.t, the native Egyptian name of the people of the Nile Valley, literally 'People of Kemet' (i.e., Egypt). In antiquity, it was often shortened to simply Rmṯ or "the people". The name is vocalized as ræm/en/kā/mi ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ in the (Bohairic) Coptic stage of the language, meaning "Egyptian" (ni/ræm/en/kāmi ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ with the plural definite article, "the Egyptians").
- Egyptians, from Greek Αἰγύπτιοι, Aiguptioi, from Αἴγυπτος, Aiguptos "Egypt". The Greek name is derived from Late Egyptian Hikuptah "Memphis", a corruption of the earlier Egyptian name Hat-ka-Ptah (ḥwt-k3-ptḥ), meaning "home of the ka (soul) of Ptah", the name of a temple to the god Ptah at Memphis. Strabo provided a folk etymology according to which Αἴγυπτος had evolved as a compound from Aἰγαίου ὑπτίως Aegaeou huptiōs, meaning "below the Aegean". In English, the noun "Egyptians" appears in the 14th century, in Wycliff's Bible, as Egipcions.
- Copts (قبط, qibṭ, qubṭ), also a derivative of the Greek word Αἰγύπτιος, Aiguptios ("Egypt, Egyptian"), that appeared under Muslim rule when it overtook Roman rule in Egypt. The term referred to the Egyptian locals, to distinguish them from the Arab rulers. Coptic was the language of the state, Christian church and people but was replaced by Arabic after the Muslim conquest. Islam became the dominant religion centuries after the Muslim conquest in Egypt. This is due to centuries of conversion from Christianity to Islam, likely as a result of the higher tax rate on Christians. The modern term then became exclusively associated with Egyptian Christianity and Coptic Christians who are members of the Coptic Orthodox Church or Coptic Catholic Church. References to native Muslims as Copts are attested until the Mamluk period.
- Masryeen (Masryyeen), the modern Egyptian name, which comes from the ancient Semitic name for Egypt. The term originally connoted "civilization" or "metropolis". Classical Arabic Miṣr (Egyptian Arabic Maṣr) is directly cognate with the Biblical Hebrew Mitsráyīm(מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם), meaning "the two straits", a reference to the predynastic separation of Upper and Lower Egypt. The term "Misr" in Arabic refers to Egypt, but also to the Cairo area, as a consequence, and because of the Arab habit of identifying people with cities rather than countries (i.e. Tunis (capital of Tunisia), Tunsi). The term Masreyeen originally referred only to the native inhabitants of Cairo or "City of Misr" before its meaning expanded to encompass all Egyptians. Edward William Lane, writing in the 1820s, said that the native Muslim inhabitants of Cairo commonly call themselves El-Maṣreeyeen, Ewlad Maṣr (lit. Children of Masr) and Ahl Maṣr (lit. The People of Masr). He added that the Turks "stigmatized" the Egyptians with the name Ahl-Far'ūn or the 'People of the Pharaoh'.
Approximately 84–90% of the population of Egypt are Muslim adherents and 10–15% are Christian adherents (10–15% Coptic Christian, 1% other Christian Sects (mainly Greek Orthodox)) according to estimates. Most of Egypt’s people live along the banks of the Nile River, and more than two-fifths of the population lives in urban areas. Along the Nile, the population density is one of the highest in the world, in excess of 5,000 persons per square mile (2,000 per square km) in a number of riverine governorates. The rapidly growing population is young, with roughly one-third of the total under age 15 and about three-fifths under 30. In response to the strain put on Egypt’s economy by the country’s burgeoning population, a national family planning program was initiated in 1964, and by the 1990s it had succeeded in lowering the birth rate. Improvements in health care also brought the infant mortality rate well below the world average by the turn of the 21st century. Life expectancy averages about 72 years for men and 74 years for women. Egyptians also form smaller minorities in neighboring countries, North America, Europe and Australia.
Egyptians also tend to be provincial, meaning their attachment extends not only to Egypt but to the specific provinces, towns and villages from which they hail. Therefore, return migrants, such as temporary workers abroad, come back to their region of origin in Egypt. According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly in Europe and North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada and 90,000 in Italy).
Their characteristic rootedness as Egyptians, commonly explained as the result of centuries as a farming people clinging to the banks of the Nile, is reflected in sights, sounds and atmosphere that are meaningful to all Egyptians. Dominating the intangible pull of Egypt is the ever present Nile, which is more than a constant backdrop. Its varying colors and changing water levels signal the coming and going of the Nile flood that sets the rhythm of farming in a rainless country and holds the attention of all Egyptians. No Egyptian is ever far from his river and, except for the Alexandrines whose personality is split by looking outward toward the Mediterranean, the Egyptians are a hinterland people with little appetite for travel, even inside their own country. They glorify their national dishes, including the variety of concoctions surrounding the simple bean. Most of all, they have a sense of all-encompassing familiarity at home and a sense of alienation when abroad ... There is something particularly excruciating about Egyptian nostalgia for Egypt: it is sometimes outlandish, but the attachment flows through all Egyptians, as the Nile through Egypt.
A sizable Egyptian diaspora did not begin to form until well into the 1980s, when political and economic conditions began driving Egyptians out of the country in significant numbers. Today, the diaspora numbers nearly 4 million (2006 est). Generally, those who emigrate to the United States and western European countries tend to do so permanently, with 93% and 55.5% of Egyptians (respectively) settling in the new country. On the other hand, Egyptians migrating to Arab countries almost always only go there with the intention of returning to Egypt; virtually none settle in the new country on a permanent basis.
Prior to 1974, only few Egyptian professionals had left the country in search for employment. Political, demographic and economic pressures led to the first wave of emigration after 1952. Later more Egyptians left their homeland first after the 1973 boom in oil prices and again in 1979, but it was only in the second half of the 1980s that Egyptian migration became prominent.
Egyptian emigration today is motivated by even higher rates of unemployment, population growth and increasing prices. Political repression and human rights violations by Egypt's ruling régime are other contributing factors (see Egypt § Human rights). Egyptians have also been impacted by the wars between Egypt and Israel, particularly after the Six-Day War in 1967, when migration rates began to rise. In August 2006, Egyptians made headlines when 11 students from Mansoura University failed to show up at their American host institutions for a cultural exchange program in the hope of finding employment.
Egyptians in neighboring countries face additional challenges. Over the years, abuse, exploitation and/or ill-treatment of Egyptian workers and professionals in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Iraq and Libya have been reported by the Egyptian Human Rights Organization and different media outlets. Arab nationals have in the past expressed fear over an "'Egyptianization' of the local dialects and culture that were believed to have resulted from the predominance of Egyptians in the field of education" (see also Egyptian Arabic – Geographics).
The Egyptians for their part object to what they call the "citation needed]" of their culture due to Saudi Arabian petrodollar-flush investment in the Egyptian entertainment industry. Twice Libya was on the brink of war with Egypt due to mistreatment of Egyptian workers and after the signing of the peace treaty with Israel. When the Gulf War ended, Egyptian workers in Iraq were subjected to harsh measures and expulsion by the Iraqi government and to violent attacks by Iraqis returning from the war to fill the workforce.[
|rmṯ (n) kmt 'Egyptians' |
Egypt fell under Hyksos rule in the Middle Bronze Age. The native nobility managed to expel the conquerors by the Late Bronze Age, thereby initiating the New Kingdom. During this period, the Egyptian civilization rose to the status of an empire under Pharaoh Thutmose III of the 18th dynasty. It remained a super-regional power throughout the Amarna Period as well as during the 19th and 20th dynasties (the Ramesside Period), lasting into the Early Iron Age.
The Bronze Age collapse that had afflicted the Mesopotamian empires reached Egypt with some delay, and it was only in the 11th century BC that the Empire declined, falling into the comparative obscurity of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. The 25th dynasty of Nubian rulers was again briefly replaced by native nobility in the 7th century BC, and in 525 BC, Egypt fell under Persian rule.
Alexander the Great was greeted as a liberator when he conquered Egypt in 332 BC. The Late Period of ancient Egypt is taken to end with his death in 323 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC and introduced Hellenic culture to Egyptians. 4,000 Celtic mercenaries under Ptolemy II had even attempted an ambitious but doomed coup d'état around the year 270 BC.
Throughout the Pharaonic epoch (viz., from 2920 BC to 525 BC in conventional Egyptian chronology), divine kingship was the glue which held Egyptian society together. It was especially pronounced in the Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom and continued until the Roman conquest. The societal structure created by this system of government remained virtually unchanged up to modern times.
The role of the king was considerably weakened after the 20th dynasty. The king in his role as Son of Ra was entrusted to maintain Ma'at, the principle of truth, justice, and order, and to enhance the country's agricultural economy by ensuring regular Nile floods. Ascendancy to the Egyptian throne reflected the myth of Horus who assumed kingship after he buried his murdered father Osiris. The king of Egypt, as a living personification of Horus, could claim the throne after burying his predecessor, who was typically his father. When the role of the king waned, the country became more susceptible to foreign influence and invasion.
The attention paid to the dead, and the veneration with which they were held, were one of the hallmarks of ancient Egyptian society. Egyptians built tombs for their dead that were meant to last for eternity. This was most prominently expressed by the Great Pyramids. The ancient Egyptian word for tomb pr nḥḥ means 'House of Eternity'. The Egyptians also celebrated life, as is shown by tomb reliefs and inscriptions, papyri and other sources depicting Egyptians farming, conducting trade expeditions, hunting, holding festivals, attending parties and receptions with their pet dogs, cats and monkeys, dancing and singing, enjoying food and drink, and playing games. The ancient Egyptians were also known for their engaging sense of humor, much like their modern descendants.
Another important continuity during this period is the Egyptian attitude toward foreigners—those they considered not fortunate enough to be part of the community of rmṯ or "the people" (i.e., Egyptians.) This attitude was facilitated by the Egyptians' more frequent contact with other peoples during the New Kingdom when Egypt expanded to an empire that also encompassed Nubia through Jebel Barkal and parts of the Levant.
The Egyptian sense of superiority was given religious validation, as foreigners in the land of Ta-Meri (Egypt) were anathema to the maintenance of Maat—a view most clearly expressed by the admonitions of Ipuwer in reaction to the chaotic events of the Second Intermediate Period. Foreigners in Egyptian texts were described in derogatory terms, e.g., 'wretched Asiatics' (Semites), 'vile Kushites' (Nubians), and 'Ionian dogs' (Greeks). Egyptian beliefs remained unchallenged when Egypt fell to the Hyksos, Assyrians, Libyans, Persians and Greeks—their rulers assumed the role of the Egyptian Pharaoh and were often depicted praying to Egyptian gods.
The ancient Egyptians used a solar calendar that divided the year into 12 months of 30 days each, with five extra days added. The calendar revolved around the annual Nile Inundation (akh.t), the first of three seasons into which the year was divided. The other two were Winter and Summer, each lasting for four months. The modern Egyptian fellahin calculate the agricultural seasons, with the months still bearing their ancient names, in much the same manner.
The importance of the Nile in Egyptian life, ancient and modern, cannot be overemphasized. The rich alluvium carried by the Nile inundation was the basis of Egypt's formation as a society and a state. Regular inundations were a cause for celebration; low waters often meant famine and starvation. The ancient Egyptians personified the river flood as the god Hapy and dedicated a Hymn to the Nile to celebrate it. km.t, the Black Land, was as Herodotus observed, "the gift of the river."
When Alexander died, a story began to circulate that Nectanebo II was Alexander's father. This made Alexander in the eyes of the Egyptians a legitimate heir to the native pharaohs. The new Ptolemaic rulers, however, exploited Egypt for their own benefit and a great social divide was created between Egyptians and Greeks. The local priesthood continued to wield power as they had during the Dynastic age. Egyptians continued to practice their religion undisturbed and largely maintained their own separate communities from their foreign conquerors. The language of administration became Greek, but the mass of the Egyptian population was Egyptian-speaking and concentrated in the countryside, while most Greeks lived in Alexandria and only few had any knowledge of Egyptian.
The Ptolemaic rulers all retained their Greek names and titles, but projected a public image of being Egyptian pharaohs. Much of this period's vernacular literature was composed in the demotic phase and script of the Egyptian language. It was focused on earlier stages of Egyptian history when Egyptians were independent and ruled by great native pharaohs such as Ramesses II. Prophetic writings circulated among Egyptians promising expulsion of the Greeks, and frequent revolts by the Egyptians took place throughout the Ptolemaic period. A revival in animal cults, the hallmark of the Predyanstic and Early Dyanstic periods, is said to have come about to fill a spiritual void as Egyptians became increasingly disillusioned and weary due to successive waves of foreign invasions.
When the Romans annexed Egypt in 30 BC, the social structure created by the Greeks was largely retained, though the power of the Egyptian priesthood diminished. The Roman emperors lived abroad and did not perform the ceremonial functions of Egyptian kingship as the Ptolemies had. The art of mummy portraiture flourished, but Egypt became further stratified with Romans at the apex of the social pyramid, Greeks and Jews occupied the middle stratum, while Egyptians, who constituted the vast majority, were at the bottom. Egyptians paid a poll tax at full rate, Greeks paid at half-rate and Roman citizens were exempt.
The Roman emperor Caracalla advocated the expulsion of all ethnic Egyptians from the city of Alexandria, saying "genuine Egyptians can easily be recognized among the linen-weavers by their speech." This attitude lasted until AD 212 when Roman citizenship was finally granted to all the inhabitants of Egypt, though ethnic divisions remained largely entrenched. The Romans, like the Ptolemies, treated Egypt like their own private property, a land exploited for the benefit of a small foreign elite. The Egyptian peasants, pressed for maximum production to meet Roman quotas, suffered and fled to the desert.
The cult of Isis, like those of Osiris and Serapis, had been popular in Egypt and throughout the Roman Empire at the coming of Christianity, and continued to be the main competitor with Christianity in its early years. The main temple of Isis remained a major center of worship in Egypt until the reign of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in the 6th century, when it was finally closed down. Egyptians, disaffected and weary after a series of foreign occupations, identified the story of the mother-goddess Isis protecting her child Horus with that of the Virgin Mary and her son Jesus escaping the emperor Herod.
Consequently, many sites believed to have been the resting places of the holy family during their sojourn in Egypt became sacred to the Egyptians. The visit of the holy family later circulated among Egyptian Christians as fulfillment of the Biblical prophecy "When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt" (Hosea 11:1). The feast of the coming of the Lord of Egypt on June 1 became an important part of Christian Egyptian tradition. According to tradition, Christianity was brought to Egypt by Saint Mark the Evangelist in the early 40s of the 1st century, under the reign of the Roman emperor Nero. The earliest converts were Jews residing in Alexandria, a city which had by then become a center of culture and learning in the entire Mediterranean oikoumene.
St. Mark is said to have founded the Holy Apostolic See of Alexandria and to have become its first Patriarch. Within 50 years of St. Mark's arrival in Alexandria, a fragment of New Testament writings appeared in Oxyrhynchus (Bahnasa), which suggests that Christianity already began to spread south of Alexandria at an early date. By the mid-third century, a sizable number of Egyptians were persecuted by the Romans on account of having adopted the new Christian faith, beginning with the Edict of Decius. Christianity was tolerated in the Roman Empire until AD 284, when the Emperor Diocletian persecuted and put to death a great number of Christian Egyptians.
This event became a watershed in the history of Egyptian Christianity, marking the beginning of a distinct Egyptian or Coptic Church. It became known as the 'Era of the Martyrs' and is commemorated in the Coptic calendar in which dating of the years began with the start of Diocletian's reign. When Egyptians were persecuted by Diocletian, many retreated to the desert to seek relief. The practice precipitated the rise of monasticism, for which the Egyptians, namely St. Antony, St. Bakhum, St. Shenouda and St. Amun, are credited as pioneers. By the end of the 4th century, it is estimated that the mass of the Egyptians had either embraced Christianity or were nominally Christian.
The Catachetical School of Alexandria was founded in the 3rd century by Pantaenus, becoming a major school of Christian learning as well as science, mathematics and the humanities. The Psalms and part of the New Testament were translated at the school from Greek to Egyptian, which had already begun to be written in Greek letters with the addition of a number of demotic characters. This stage of the Egyptian language would later come to be known as Coptic along with its alphabet. The third theologian to head the Catachetical School was a native Egyptian by the name of Origen. Origen was an outstanding theologian and one of the most influential Church Fathers. He traveled extensively to lecture in various churches around the world and has many important texts to his credit including the Hexapla, an exegesis of various translations of the Hebrew Bible.
At the threshold of the Byzantine period, the New Testament had been entirely translated into Coptic. But while Christianity continued to thrive in Egypt, the old pagan beliefs which had survived the test of time were facing mounting pressure. The Byzantine period was particularly brutal in its zeal to erase any traces of ancient Egyptian religion. Under emperor Theodosius I, Christianity had already been proclaimed the religion of the Empire and all pagan cults were forbidden. When Egypt fell under the jurisdiction of Constantinople after the split of the Roman Empire, many ancient Egyptian temples were either destroyed or converted into monasteries.
One of the defining moments in the history of the Church in Egypt is a controversy that ensued over the nature of Jesus Christ which culminated in the final split of the Coptic Church from both the Byzantine and Roman Catholic Churches. The Council of Chalcedon convened in AD 451, signaling the Byzantine Empire's determination to assert its hegemony over Egypt. When it declared that Jesus Christ was of two natures embodied in Christ's person, the Egyptian reaction was swift, rejecting the decrees of the Council as incompatible with the Miaphysite doctrine of Coptic Orthodoxy. The Copts' upholding of the Miaphysite doctrine against the pro-Chalcedonian Greek Melkites had both theological and national implications. As Coptologist Jill Kamil notes, the position taken by the Egyptians "paved [the way] for the Coptic church to establish itself as a separate entity...No longer even spiritually linked with Constantinople, theologians began to write more in Coptic and less in Greek. Coptic art developed its own national character, and the Copts stood united against the imperial power."
Islamic period from Late antiquity to Middle Ages
Before the Muslim conquest of Egypt, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius was able to reclaim the country after a brief Persian invasion in AD 616, and subsequently appointed Cyrus of Alexandria, a Chalcedonian, as Patriarch. Cyrus was determined to convert the Egyptian Miaphysites by any means. He expelled Coptic monks and bishops from their monasteries and sees. Many died in the chaos, and the resentment of the Egyptians against their Byzantine conquerors reached a peak.
Meanwhile, the new religion of Islam was making headway in Arabia, culminating in the Muslim conquests that took place following Muhammad's Passing on. In AD 639, the Arab general 'Amr ibn al-'As marched into Egypt, facing off with the Byzantines in the Battle of Heliopolis that ended with the Byzantines' defeat. The relationship between the Greek Melkites and the Egyptian Copts had grown so bitter that most Egyptians did not put up heavy resistance against the Arabs.
The new Muslim rulers moved the capital to Fustat and, through the 7th century, retained the existing Byzantine administrative structure with Greek as its language. Native Egyptians filled administrative ranks and continued to worship freely so long as they paid the jizya poll tax, in addition to a land tax that all Egyptians irrespective of religion also had to pay. The authority of the Miaphysite doctrine of the Coptic Church was for the first time nationally recognized.
According to al-Ya'qubi, repeated revolts by Egyptian Christians against the Muslim Arabs took place in the 8th and 9th centuries under the reign of the Umayyads and Abbasids. The greatest was one in which disaffected Muslim Egyptians joined their Christian compatriots around AD 830 in an unsuccessful attempt to repel the Arabs. The Egyptian Muslim historian Ibn Abd al-Hakam spoke harshly of the Abbasids—a reaction that according to Egyptologist Okasha El-Daly can be seen "within the context of the struggle between proud native Egyptians and the central Abbasid caliphate in Iraq."
The form of Islam that eventually took hold in Egypt was Sunni, though very early in this period Egyptians began to blend their new faith with indigenous beliefs and practices that had survived through Coptic Christianity. Just as Egyptians had been pioneers in early monasticism so they were in the development of the mystical form of Islam, Sufism. Various Sufi orders were founded in the 8th century and flourished until the present day. One of the earliest Egyptian Sufis was Dhul-Nun al-Misri (i.e., Dhul-Nun the Egyptian). He was born in Akhmim in AD 796 and achieved political and social leadership over the Egyptian people.
Dhul-Nun was regarded as the Patron Saint of the Physicians and is credited with having introduced the concept of Gnosis into Islam, as well as of being able to decipher a number of hieroglyphic characters due to his knowledge of Coptic. He was keenly interested in ancient Egyptian sciences, and claimed to have received his knowledge of alchemy from Egyptian sources.
In the years to follow the Arab occupation of Egypt, a social hierarchy was created whereby Egyptians who converted to Islam acquired the status of mawali or "clients" to the ruling Arab elite, while those who remained Christian, the Copts, became dhimmis. In time the power of the Arabs waned throughout the Islamic Empire so that in the 10th century, the Turkish Ikhshids were able to take control of Egypt and made it an independent political unit from the rest of the empire.
Egyptians continued to live socially and politically separate from their foreign conquerors, but their rulers like the Ptolemies before them were able to stabilize the country and bring renewed economic prosperity. It was under the Shiite Fatimids from the 10th to the 12th centuries that Muslim Egyptian institutions began to take form along with the Egyptian dialect of Arabic, which was to eventually slowly supplant native Egyptian or Coptic as the spoken language.
Al-Azhar was founded in AD 970 in the new capital Cairo, not very far from its ancient predecessor in Memphis. It became the preeminent Muslim center of learning in Egypt and by the Ayyubid period it had acquired a Sunni orientation. The Fatimids with some exceptions were known for their religious tolerance and their observance of local Muslim, Coptic and indigenous Egyptian festivals and customs. Under the Ayyubids, the country for the most part continued to prosper.
The Mamluks of Egypt (AD 1258–1517) as a whole were, some of the most enlightened rulers of Egypt, not only in the arts and in providing for the welfare of their subjects, but also in many other ways, such as efficient organisation of law and order and postal services, and the building of canals, roads, bridges and aqueducts. Though turbulent, often treacherous and brutal in their feuds, and politically and economically inept, the later Mameluks maintained the splendour and artistic traditions of their predecessors. The reign of Kait Bey (1468-1496) was one of high achievement in architecture, showing great refinement of taste in the building of elegant tombs, mosques and palaces. It was a period in which learning flourished.
Their rule is generally regarded as one under which Egyptians, Muslims and Copts, greatly suffered. By the 15th century most Egyptians had already been converted to Islam, while Coptic Christians were reduced to a minority. The Mamluks were mainly ethnic Circassians and Turks who had been captured as slaves then recruited into the army fighting on behalf of the Islamic empire. Native Egyptians were not allowed to serve in the army until the reign of Mohamed Ali. Historian James Jankwoski writes:
Ultimately, Mamluk rule rested on force. The chronicles of the period are replete with examples of Mamluk violence against the indigenous population of Egypt...From horseback, they simply terrorized those lesser breeds who crossed their paths. The sudden and arbitrary use of force by the government and its dominant military elite; frequent resort to cruelty to make a point; ingenious methods of torture employed both for exemplary purpose and to extract wealth from others: all these measures were routine in the Mamluk era. Egypt under the Mamluks was not a very secure place to live.
Egyptians under the Ottoman Turks from the 16th to the 18th centuries lived within a social hierarchy similar to that of the Mamluks, Arabs, Romans, Greeks and Persians before them. Native Egyptians applied the term atrak (Turks) indiscriminately to the Ottomans and Mamluks, who were at the top of the social pyramid, while Egyptians, most of whom were farmers, were at the bottom. Frequent revolts by the Egyptian peasantry against the Ottoman-Mamluk Beys took place throughout the 18th century, particularly in Upper Egypt where the peasants at one point wrested control of the region and declared a separatist government.
The only segment of Egyptian society which appears to have retained a degree of power during this period were the Muslim 'ulama or religious scholars, who directed the religious and social affairs of the native Egyptian population and interceded on their behalf when dealing with the Turko-Circassian elite. It is also believed that during the time of Ottoman period of Egypt, native Egyptians were allowed and required to join the army for the first time since the Roman period of Egypt, particularly Copts who were civil servants at the time of Mohammed Ali Pasha.
From the Egyptian side, literary works from both the Mamluk and Ottoman eras indicate that literate Egyptians had not totally submerged their identity within Islam, but retained an awareness of Egypt's distinctiveness as a uniquely fertile region of the Muslim world, as a land of great historical antiquity and splendor... At least for some Egyptians, 'the land of Egypt' (al-diyar al-misriyya) was an identifiable and emotionally meaningful entity within the larger Muslim polity of which it was now a province.
Modern Egyptian history is generally believed to begin with the French expedition in Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798. The French defeated a Mamluk-Ottoman army at the Battle of the Pyramids, and soon they were able to seize control of the country.
The French occupation was short-lived, ending when British troops drove out the French in 1801. Its impact on the social and cultural fabric of Egyptian society, however, was tremendous. The Egyptians were deeply hostile to the French, whom they viewed as yet another foreign occupation to be resisted. At the same time, the French expedition introduced Egyptians to the ideals of the French Revolution which were to have a significant influence on their own self-perception and realization of modern independence.
When Napoleon invited the Egyptian ulama to head a French-supervised government in Egypt, for some, it awakened a sense of nationalism and a patriotic desire for national independence from the Turks. In addition, the French introduced the printing press in Egypt and published its first newspaper. The monumental catalogue of Egypt's ecology, society and economy, Description de l'Égypte, was written by scholars and scientists who accompanied the French army on their expedition.
The withdrawal of French forces from Egypt left a power vacuum that was filled after a period of political turmoil by Mohammed Ali, an Ottoman officer of Albanian ethnicity. He rallied support among the Egyptians until he was elected by the native Muslim ulama as governor of Egypt. Mohammed Ali is credited for having undertaken a massive campaign of public works, including irrigation projects, agricultural reforms and the cultivation of cash crops (notably cotton, rice and sugar-cane), increased industrialization, and a new educational system—the results of which are felt to this day.
In order to consolidate his power in Egypt, Mohammed Ali worked to eliminate the Turko-Circassian domination of administrative and army posts. For the first time since the Roman period, native Egyptians filled the junior ranks of the country's army. The army would later conduct military expeditions in the Levant, Sudan and against the Wahabis in Arabia. Many Egyptians student missions were sent to Europe in the early 19th century to study at European universities and acquire technical skills such as printing, shipbuilding and modern military techniques. One of these students, whose name was Rifa'a et-Tahtawy, was the first in a long line of intellectuals that started the modern Egyptian Renaissance.
The period between 1860–1940 was characterized by an Egyptian nahda, renaissance or rebirth. It is best known for the renewed interest in Egyptian antiquity and the cultural achievements that were inspired by it. Along with this interest came an indigenous, Egypt-centered orientation, particularly among the Egyptian intelligentsia that would affect Egypt's autonomous development as a sovereign and independent nation-state.
The first Egyptian renaissance intellectual was Rifa'a el-Tahtawi. In 1831, Tahtawi undertook a career in journalism, education and translation. Three of his published volumes were works of political and moral philosophy. In them he introduces his students to Enlightenment ideas such as secular authority and political rights and liberty; his ideas regarding how a modern civilized society ought to be and what constituted by extension a civilized or "good Egyptian"; and his ideas on public interest and public good.
Tahtawi was instrumental in sparking indigenous interest in Egypt's ancient heritage. He composed a number of poems in praise of Egypt and wrote two other general histories of the country. He also co-founded with his contemporary Ali Mubarak, the architect of the modern Egyptian school system, a native Egyptology school that looked for inspiration to medieval Egyptian scholars like Suyuti and Maqrizi, who studied ancient Egyptian history, language and antiquities. Tahtawi encouraged his compatriots to invite Europeans to come and teach the modern sciences in Egypt, drawing on the example of Pharaoh Psamtek I who had enlisted the Greeks' help in organizing the Egyptian army.
Among Mohammed Ali's successors, the most influential was Isma'il Pasha who became khedive in 1863. Ismail's reign witnessed the growth of the army, major education reforms, the founding of the Egyptian Museum and the Royal Opera House, the rise of an independent political press, a flourishing of the arts, and the inauguration of the Suez Canal. In 1866, the Assembly of Delegates was founded to serve as an advisory body for the government. Its members were elected from across Egypt, including villages, which meant that native Egyptians came to exert increasing political and economic influence over their country. Several generations of Egyptians exposed to the ideas of constitutionalism made up the emerging intellectual and political milieu that slowly filled the ranks of the government, the army and institutions which had long been dominated by an aristocracy of Turks, Greeks, Circassians and Armenians.
Ismail's massive modernization campaign, however, left Egypt indebted to European powers, leading to increased European meddling in local affairs. This led to the formation of secret groups made up of Egyptian notables, ministers, journalists and army officers organized across the country to oppose the increasing European influence.
When the British deposed Ismail and installed his son Tawfik, the now Egyptian-dominated army reacted violently, staging a revolt led by Minister of War Ahmed Urabi, self-styled el-Masri ('the Egyptian'), against the Khedive, the Turko-Circassian elite, and the European stronghold. The revolt was a military failure and British forces occupied Egypt in 1882. Technically, Egypt was still part of the Ottoman Empire with the Mohammed Ali family ruling the country, though now with British supervision and according to British directives. The Egyptian army was disbanded and a smaller army commanded by British officers was installed in its place.
Egyptian self-government, education, and the continued plight of Egypt's peasant majority deteriorated most significantly under British occupation. Slowly, an organized national movement for independence began to form. In its beginnings, it took the form of an Azhar-led religious reform movement that was more concerned with the social conditions of Egyptian society. It gathered momentum between 1882 and 1906, ultimately leading to a resentment against European occupation.
Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, the son of a Delta farmer who was briefly exiled for his participation in the Urabi revolt and a future Azhar Mufti, was its most notable advocate. Abduh called for a reform of Egyptian Muslim society and formulated the modernist interpretations of Islam that took hold among younger generations of Egyptians. Among these were Mustafa Kamil and Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, the architects of modern Egyptian nationalism. Mustafa Kamil had been a student activist in the 1890s involved in the creation of a secret nationalist society that called for British evacuation from Egypt. He was famous for coining the popular expression, "If I had not been an Egyptian, I would have wished to become one."
Egyptian nationalist sentiment reached a high point after the 1906 Dinshaway Incident, when following an altercation between a group of British soldiers and Egyptian farmers, four of the farmers were hanged while others were condemned to public flogging. Dinshaway, a watershed in the history of Egyptian anti-colonial resistance, galvanized Egyptian opposition against the British, culminating in the founding of the first two political parties in Egypt: the secular, liberal Umma (the Nation, 1907) headed by Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, and the more radical, pro-Islamic Watani Party (National Party, 1908) headed by Mustafa Kamil. Lutfi was born to a family of farmers in the Delta province of Daqahliya in 1872. He was educated at al-Azhar where he attended lectures by Mohammed Abduh. Abduh came to have a profound influence on Lutfi's reformist thinking in later years. In 1907, he founded the Umma Party newspaper, el-Garida, whose statement of purpose read: "El-Garida is a purely Egyptian party which aims to defend Egyptian interests of all kinds."
Both the People and National parties came to dominate Egyptian politics until World War I, but the new leaders of the national movement for independence following four arduous years of war (in which Great Britain declared Egypt a British protectorate) were closer to the secular, liberal principles of Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed and the People's Party. Prominent among these was Saad Zaghlul who led the new movement through the Wafd Party. Saad Zaghlul held several ministerial positions before he was elected to the Legislative Assembly and organized a mass movement demanding an end to the British Protectorate. He garnered such massive popularity among the Egyptian people that he came to be known as 'Father of the Egyptians'. When on March 8, 1919 the British arrested Zaghlul and his associates and exiled them to Malta, the Egyptian people staged their first modern revolution. Demonstrations and strikes across Egypt became such a daily occurrence that normal life was brought to a halt.
The Wafd Party drafted a new Constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary representative system. Saad Zaghlul became the first popularly elected Prime Minister of Egypt in 1924. Egyptian independence at this stage was provisional, as British forces continued to be physically present on Egyptian soil. In 1936, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was concluded. New forces that came to prominence were the Muslim Brotherhood and the radical Young Egypt Party. In 1920, Banque Misr (Bank of Egypt) was founded by Talaat Pasha Harb as "an Egyptian bank for Egyptians only", which restricted shareholding to native Egyptians and helped finance various new Egyptian-owned businesses.
Under the parliamentary monarchy, Egypt reached the peak of its modern intellectual Renaissance that was started by Rifa'a el-Tahtawy nearly a century earlier. Among those who set the intellectual tone of a newly independent Egypt, in addition to Muhammad Abduh and Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, were Qasim Amin, Muhammad Husayn Haykal, Taha Hussein, Abbas el-'Akkad, Tawfiq el-Hakeem, and Salama Moussa. They delineated a liberal outlook for their country expressed as a commitment to individual freedom, secularism, an evolutionary view of the world and faith in science to bring progress to human society. This period was looked upon with fondness by future generations of Egyptians as a Golden Age of Egyptian liberalism, openness, and an Egypt-centered attitude that put the country's interests center stage.
When Egyptian novelist and Nobel Prize laureate Naguib Mahfouz died in 2006, many Egyptians felt that perhaps the last of the Greats of Egypt's golden age had died. In his dialogues with close associate and journalist Mohamed Salmawy, published as Mon Égypte, Mahfouz had this to say:
Egypt is not just a piece of land. Egypt is the inventor of civilisation ... The strange thing is that this country of great history and unsurpassed civilisation is nothing but a thin strip along the banks of the Nile ... This thin strip of land created moral values, launched the concept of monotheism, developed arts, invented science and gave the world a stunning administration. These factors enabled the Egyptians to survive while other cultures and nations withered and died ... Throughout history Egyptians have felt that their mission is to tend to life. They were proud to turn the land green, to make it blossom with life. The other thing is that Egyptians invented morality long before the major religions appeared on earth. Morality is not just a system for control but a protection against chaos and death ... Egypt gave Islam a new voice. It didn't change the basic tenets of Islam, but its cultural weight gave Islam a new voice, one it didn't have back in Arabia. Egypt embraced an Islam that was moderate, tolerant and non-extremist. Egyptians are very pious, but they know how to mix piety with joy, just as their ancestors did centuries ago. Egyptians celebrate religious occasions with flair. For them, religious festivals and the month of Ramadan are occasions to celebrate life.
Increased involvement by King Farouk in parliamentary affairs, government corruption, and the widening gap between the country's rich and poor led to the eventual toppling of the monarchy and the dissolution of the parliament through a coup d'état by a group of army officers in 1952. The Egyptian Republic was declared on June 18, 1953 with General Muhammad Naguib as the first President of the Republic. After Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 and later put under house arrest by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real architect of the 1952 movement, mass protests by Egyptians erupted against the forced resignation of what became a popular symbol of the new regime.
Nasser assumed power as President and began a nationalization process that initially had profound effects on the socioeconomic strata of Egyptian society. According to one historian, "Egypt had, for the first time since 343 BC, been ruled not by a Macedonian Greek, nor a Roman, nor an Arab, nor a Turk, but by an Egyptian."
Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis. Egypt became increasingly involved in regional affairs until three years after the 1967 Six-Day War, in which Egypt lost the Sinai to Israel, Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. Sadat revived an Egypt Above All orientation, switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972, and launched the Infitah economic reform policy. Like his predecessor, he also clamped down on religious and leftist opposition alike.
Egyptians fought one last time in the 1973 October War in an attempt to liberate Egyptian territories captured by Israel six years earlier. The October War presented Sadat with a political victory that later allowed him to regain the Sinai. In 1977, Sadat made a historic visit to Israel leading to the signing of the 1978 peace treaty, which was supported by the vast majority of Egyptians, in exchange for the complete Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. Sadat was assassinated in Cairo by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 1981, and was succeeded by Hosni Mubarak.
Hosni Mubarak was the president from 14 October 1981 to 11 February 2011, when he resigned under pressure of popular protest. Although power was ostensibly organized under a multi-party semi-presidential system, in practice it rested almost solely with the president. In late February 2005, for the first time since the 1952 coup d'état, the Egyptian people had an apparent chance to elect a leader from a list of various candidates, most prominently Ayman Nour. Most Egyptians were skeptical about the process of democratization and feared that power might ultimately be transferred to the president's first son, Gamal Mubarak.
After the resignation of Hosni Mubarak presidential powers were transferred to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, who relinquished power on 30 June 2012 when Islamist candidate Mohamed Morsi became the first democratically elected head of state in Egyptian history. He was ousted in a revolution and military coup a year afterward, jailed by the government, sentenced to death (later overturned), and died in prison six years later largely due to and medical mistreatment by the government.
In the 26–28 May 2014 Egyptian presidential election, former General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi won in a landslide, capturing 97% of the vote according to the government. The election was widely regarded as undemocratic due to several political opponents being detained or banned from running. In 2018 el-Sisi was re-elected with 97% of the vote, in an election denounced by human rights groups as unfair and "farcical". Multiple opposition candidates were blackmailed and imprisoned by el-Sisi before the vote, ensuring his victory.
In the Early Dynastic Period, Nile Valley Egyptians spoke the Archaic Egyptian language. In antiquity, Egyptians spoke the Egyptian language. It constitutes its own branch of the Afroasiatic family. The Coptic language is the direct descendant of the Egyptian language, written in Coptic alphabet. It is worth noting that other languages, such as Nubian, Arabic, and other Libyan languages also existed in Egypt outside of the Nile valley and in the mountains surrounding it since at least the time of Herodotus, with Arabic being used mainly in the Eastern Desert and Sinai, Nubian (referred to as Ethiopian By Herodotus) South of the first cataract of the Nile, and other Libyan Languages in the Libyan Desert
Although Arabic was spoken in parts of Egypt in the pre-islamic era such as the Eastern Desert and Sinai, Coptic was the Language of the majority of Egyptians residing in the Nile Valley. Arabic was adopted by the rulers of Egypt after the Islamic invasion. Gradually, and after numerous waves of massive immigration, such as the Banu Hilal exodus, Arabic came to replace Coptic as the spoken language. Spoken Coptic was mostly extinct by the 17th century but may have survived in isolated pockets in Upper Egypt as late as the 19th century.
The official language of Egypt today is Arabic. Many spoken vernaculars exist such as Egyptian Arabic, Saidi Arabic, Bedawi Arabic, and Eastern Libyan Arabic. The most prestigious and widely spread vernacular is known as Egyptian Arabic or Cairene Arabic, being spoken by about 50% of the population, and the second, less prestigious, being Saidi Arabic, spoken by about 35-40% of the population. Modern Standard Arabic is reserved for official, educational, and more formal contexts as is the case in all Arab countries.
The recorded history of Egyptian Arabic as a dialect begins in Ottoman Egypt with a document by the 17th-century Moroccan author Yusuf Al-Maghribi during after his travels to Egypt writing about the peculiarities of the speech of the Egyptian people دفع الإصر عن كلام أهل مصر Dafʻ al-ʼiṣr ʻan kalām ʼahl Miṣr ("Apology of the Egyptian vernacular", lit. "The Removal of the Burden from the Language of the people of Egypt") This suggests the language that by then was spoken in the majority of Misr (Egypt). It's also worth noting that Arabic speakers commonly referred to the modern day area of Greater Cairo (Cairo, Fustat, Giza, and their surroundings) by the name of "Misr", which was also the name used to refer to the entire land of Egypt. As a consequence, and because of the habit of identifying people in the capital with the entire country's name, the word Misreyeen/Masreyeen which is dervied from the Quranic term Misr, the Hebrew Bible term Mitzrayim, and the Ancient Amarna tablets term Misri (lit. Land of Egypt) and Assyrian records called Egypt Mu-ṣur., commonly referred to the people of Egypt's Capital City, the greater Cairo area. It is represented in a body of vernacular literature comprising novels, plays and poetry published over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Classical Arabic is also a significant cultural element in Egyptian culture, as Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated.
While the Egyptian Arabic dialect is derived from the formal Arabic language, it has also been influenced by many other languages such as French, Turkish and the old Egyptian language. This is widely thought to be the effects of being the victim of several invasions, including that of the Ottoman Empire as well as the French invasion. As each nation came and went, the Egyptians kept the few words and phrases that made the language seem easier.
It is also noteworthy that the Egyptian dialect is the most understood version of the Arabic language among the Arab world. This is because Egyptian movies have been the most influential in the Arabic movie industry and is therefore the most widespread. As a result, most Arabic countries have grown up listening to the dialect and therefore have no trouble understanding it, even though they actually speak their own.
Originally the Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphics. At first the meaning of the hieroglyphics was unknown; until one day in the year 1799 Napoleón Bonaparte's soldiers dug up the Rosetta stone. The Rosetta Stone was found broken and incomplete. It features 14 lines of hieroglyphic script, 32 lines in Demotic and 53 lines of Ancient Greek.
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The degree to which Egyptians identify with each layer of Egypt's history in articulating a sense of collective identity can vary and was hugely influenced by Islamization and Arabization, same as almost all Arabic-speaking countries.
The categorization of people as Egyptians, Asiatics, Libyans and Nubians occurred in Egyptian documents of state ideology and were contingent on Social and Cultural factors among the ancient populations themselves.
Egypt and Africa
Even though Egypt is mostly located in North Africa, Egypt and the Egyptian people do not generally have an African identity. In 2017, the National Geographic Genographic Project published a 10 years study on several nations where it revealed that Egypt is indeed a North African population, but African identity is not that common in Egypt and not many identify as African.
Before the birth of Contemporary Egyptian Nationalism, which emerged in the period between 1860-1940, and throughout the Ottoman rule, Arabic-speaking nations under Ottoman rule were all referred to as "Arabs", whether Egyptians, Sudanese, ..etc. During her stay in Upper Egypt, Lady Duff Gordon mentions the opinion of an Upper Egyptian man on the Ahmad Al Tayeb Uprising that happened during her stay. He says "Truly in all the world none are miserable like us Arabs. The Turks beat us, and the Europeans hate us and say quite right. By God, we had better lay down our heads in the dust (die) and let the strangers take our land and grow cotton for themselves".
After Muhammed Ali Pasha took control of Egypt, along with Sudan and, briefly, parts of Arabia and the Levant, he enforced mandatory military service. The Egyptians were discriminated against in the military where they weren't allowed to hold any important positions. That contributed to forming an early sense of a collective imagined community among Arab soldiers as opposed to Turks, Kurds, and Albanians. Throughout the Ottoman Empire, all Arabic speakers, especially Muslims, were viewed as Arabs. As a consequence, being "Arab" was equivalent to being Egyptian in modern day. In an attempt to prove to his soldiers that he is one of them, Ibrahim Pasha, the son of Mohammed Ali Pasha, who was an Albanian, told one of his soldiers after criticizing Turks: "I am not a Turk, I came to Egypt when I was a child, and since that time, its sun has changed my blood, and I became fully Arab".
Beginning 1860, the state started making efforts to shape a collective Egyptian Identity, and the word "Misreyeen" started slowly replacing the word "Evlad Arab". However, the revolution of Ahmed Orabi is considered to be the turning point in Egyptian History, as it fought for an Egyptian identity where Egyptians mainly referred to themselves as Masreyeen/Misreyeen/Egyptians/"مصريين". It is worth noting that Arabic speakers commonly refer to the modern day area of Greater Cairo (Cairo, Fustat, Giza, and their surroundings) by the name of "Misr", which was also the name used to refer to the entire land of Egypt. As a consequence, and because of the Arab habit of identifying people with their city names, the word Misreyeen/Masreyeen traditionally referred only to the people of the greater Cairo area. The Orabi movement in the 1870s and 1880s was the first major Egyptian nationalist movement that demanded an end to the alleged despotism of the Muhammad Ali family and demanded curbing the growth of European influence in Egypt, it campaigned under the nationalist slogan of "Egypt for Egyptians".
As a result of the increasing European influence, western ideas started becoming prevalent among the upper classes in Egypt. Especially after the British occupation of Egypt which brought a westernized style of education with it. Among the western ideas, the French Enlightenment notion of reviving Pre-Christian civilizations and cultures found a special place among Egyptian Nationalists, who sought to revive the Pharaonic culture as the main Pre-Islamic civilization of Egypt. Questions of identity came to fore in the 20th century as Egyptians sought to free themselves from British occupation, leading to the rise of ethno-territorial secular Egyptian nationalism (also known as "Pharaonism"). After Egyptians gained their independence from Great Britain, other forms of nationalism developed, including secular Arab nationalism as well as Islamism.
"Pharaonism" rose to political prominence in the 1920s and 1930s during the British occupation, as Egypt developed separately from the Arab world. A segment of the most Westernized upper class argued that Egypt was part of a Mediterranean civilization. This ideology largely developed out of the country's lengthy pre-Islamic pre-Arab history, the relative isolation of the Nile Valley and the mostly homogeneous indigenous non-Arab genetic ancestry/ethnicity of the inhabitants, regardless of current religious identity. One of Pharaonism's most notable advocates was Taha Hussein who remarked "Pharaonism is deeply rooted in the spirits of the Egyptians. It will remain so, and it must continue and become stronger. The Egyptian is Pharaonic before being Arab."
Pharaonism became the dominant mode of expression of Egyptian anti-colonial activists of the pre-war and inter-war periods. In 1931, following a visit to Egypt, Syrian Arab nationalist Sati' al-Husri remarked that "[Egyptians] did not possess an Arab nationalist sentiment; did not accept that Egypt was a part of the Arab lands, and would not acknowledge that the Egyptian people were part of the Arab nation." The later 1930s would become a formative period for Arab nationalism in Egypt, in large part due to efforts by Syrian, Palestinian and Lebanese intellectuals.
Arab-Islamic political sentiment was fueled by the solidarity felt between Egyptians struggling for independence from Britain and those across the Arab world engaged in similar anti-imperialist struggles. In particular, the growth of Zionism in neighboring Palestine was seen as a threat by many Egyptians and the cause of resistance there was adopted by rising Islamic movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood as well as the political leadership including King Faruq I and Prime Minister Mustafa el-Nahhas.
It was not until the Nasser era more than a decade later that Arab nationalism, and by extension Arab socialism, became a state policy and a means with which to define Egypt's position in the Middle East and the world, usually articulated vis-à-vis Zionism in the neighboring new state of Israel. Nasser's politics was shaped by his conviction that all the Arab states were contending with anti-imperialist struggles and thus solidarity between them was imperative for independence. He viewed the earlier Egyptian nationalism of Saad Zaghlul as too inward-looking and saw no conflict between Egyptian patriotism (wataniyya) and Arab nationalism (qawmiyya).
For a while Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic (UAR). When the union was dissolved, Egypt continued to be known as the UAR until 1971, when Egypt adopted the current official name, the Arab Republic of Egypt. The Egyptians' attachment to Arabism was particularly questioned after the 1967 Six-Day War. Thousands of Egyptians had lost their lives, and the country became disillusioned with Arab politics. Although the Arabism instilled in the country by Nasser was not deeply embedded in society, a certain kinship with the rest of the Arab world was firmly established and Egypt saw itself as the leader of this larger cultural entity. Nasser's version of pan-Arabism stressed Egyptian sovereignty and leadership of Arab unity instead of the eastern Arab states.
Nasser's successor Anwar el-Sadat, both through public policy and his peace initiative with Israel, revived an uncontested Egyptian orientation, unequivocally asserting that only Egypt and Egyptians were his responsibility. According to Dawisha, the terms "Arab", "Arabism" and "Arab unity", save for the new official name, became conspicuously absent. (See also Liberal age and Republic sections.) However, despite Sadat's systematic attempts to root out Arab sentiment, Arab nationalism in Egypt remained a potent force.
During this era, in 1978, Egyptian-American sociologist Saad Eddin Ibrahim studied the national discourse between 17 Egyptian intellectuals relating to Egypt's identity and peace with Israel. He noted that in 18 articles Arab identity was acknowledged and neutrality in the conflict opposed, while in eight articles Arab identity was acknowledged and neutrality supported and only in three articles written by author Louis Awad was Arab identity rejected and neutrality supported. Egyptian scholar Gamal Hamdan stressed that Egyptian identity was unique, but that Egypt was the center and "cultural hub" of the Arab world, arguing that "Egypt in the Arab world is like Cairo in Egypt." Hamdan further contended "We do not see the Egyptian personality, no matter how distinct it may be, as anything other than a part of the personality of the greater Arab homeland."
Many Egyptians today feel that Egyptian and Arab identities are inextricably linked, and emphasize the central role that Egypt plays in the Arab world. Others continue to believe that Egypt and Egyptians are simply not Arab, emphasizing indigenous Egyptian heritage, culture and independent polity, pointing to the perceived failures of Arab and pan-Arab nationalist policies. Egyptian anthropologist Laila el-Hamamsy illustrates the modern-day relationship between the two trends, stating: "in light of their history, Egyptians ... should be conscious of their national identity and consider themselves, above all, Egyptians. How is the Egyptian, with this strong sense of Egyptian identity, able to look himself as an Arab too?" Her explanation is that Egyptianization translated as Arabization with the result being "an increased tempo of Arabization, for facility in the Arabic language opened the windows into the rich legacy of Arabic culture. ... Thus in seeking a cultural identity, Egypt has revived its Arab cultural heritage."
Egyptian culture boasts five millennia of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest and greatest civilizations during which the Egyptians maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Near East and Africa. After the Pharaonic era, the Egyptians themselves came under the influence of Hellenism, Christianity and Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of ancient Egyptian culture exist in interaction with newer elements, including the influence of modern Western culture, itself influenced by Ancient Egypt.
Today, Egyptians carry names that have Ancient Egyptian, Arabic, Turkish, Greek and Western meanings (especially Coptic ones) among others. The concept of a surname is lacking in Egypt. Rather, Egyptians tend to carry their father's name as their first middle name, and stop at the 2nd or 3rd first name, which thus becomes one's surname. In this manner, surnames continuously change with generations, as first names of 4th or 5th generations get dropped.
Some Egyptians tend to have Surnames based on their cities, like Monoufi (from Monufia), Banhawy (from Benha), Aswany (from Aswan), Tahtawy (from Tahta), Fayoumi (from Fayoum), Sakandary / Eskandrani (from Alexandria) and so on.
As a result of the Long Islamic history of Egypt, and as a result of several mass migration waves into Egypt such as the Banu Hilal Exodus. Some Egyptian muslims carry historical Arabic last names. For example the surname "Al Sharif" (The Noble) from the Ashraf tribes "Al Juhaini", from Juhainah, "Al Qarmouti" from Al Qaramita, "Al Hawary" from Hawara.
The Majority of people, however, have surnames that used to be their great grand parents first names, this habit is especially dominant among the fellahin, where Surnames isn't really strong tradition. For example, if a person named Khaled Mohamed Ali has a son named Ashraf, his son's full name may become Ashraf Khaled Mohamed. Thus, a son may have a different last name than his father.
However, it is not entirely unusual for families to have Ancient Egyptian based names (especially Coptic ones) and have their first names or surnames beginning with the Ancient Egyptian masculine possessive pronoun pa (generally ba in Arabic, which lost the phoneme /p/ in the course of developing from Proto-Semitic). For example, Bayoumi (variations: Baioumi, Bayoumi, Baioumy) "of Fayyoum", Fayyoum meaning "of the big water (yom)", Basyouni (of Aswan), Bashandi, Bakhoum ("the eagle"), Bekhit, Bahur ("of Horus") and Banoub ("of Anubis").
The name Shenouda, which is very common among Copt, means "child of God". Hence, names and many toponyms may end with -nouda, -noudi or -nuti, which means Of God in Egyptian and Coptic. In addition, Egyptian families often derive their name from places in Egypt, such as Minyawi from Minya and Suyuti from Asyut; or from one of the local Sufi orders such as el-Shazli and el-Sawy. More examples of prominent surnames are Qozman and Habib.
With the adoption of Christianity and eventually Islam, Egyptians began to take on names associated with these religions. Many Egyptian surnames also became Hellenized and Arabized, meaning they were altered to sound Greek or Arabic. This was done by the addition of the Greek suffix -ios to Egyptian names; for example, Pakhom to Pakhomios; or by adding the Arabic definite article el to names such as Baymoui to el-Bayoumi.
Names starting with the Ancient Egyptian affix pu ("of the place of") were sometimes Arabized to abu ("father of"); for example, Busiri ("of the place of Osiris") occasionally became Abusir and al-Busiri. Some people might also have surnames like el-Shamy ("the Levantine") indicating a possible Levantine origin, or Dewidar indicating an Ottoman-Mamluk remnant. Conversely, some Levantines might carry the surname el-Masri ("the Egyptian") suggesting a possible Egyptian extraction. The Egyptian peasantry, the fellahin, are more likely to retain indigenous names given their relative isolation throughout the Egyptian people's history.
Beginning in the predynastic period, some differences between the populations of Upper and Lower Egypt were ascertained through their skeletal remains, suggesting a gradual clinal pattern north to south.
When Lower and Upper Egypt were unified c. 3200 BC, the distinction began to blur, resulting in a more homogeneous population in Egypt, though the distinction remains true to some degree to this day. Some biological anthropologists such as Shomarka Keita believe the range of variability to be primarily indigenous and not necessarily the result of significant intermingling of widely divergent peoples.
Keita describes the northern and southern patterns of the early predynastic period as "northern-Egyptian-Maghreb" and "tropical African variant" (overlapping with Nubia/Kush) respectively. He shows that a progressive change in Upper Egypt toward the northern Egyptian pattern takes place through the predynastic period. The southern pattern continues to predominate in Abydos, Upper Egypt by the First Dynasty, but "lower Egyptian, Maghrebian, and European patterns are observed also, thus making for great diversity."
A group of noted physical anthropologists conducted craniofacial studies of Egyptian skeletal remains and concluded similarly that "the Egyptians have been in place since back in the Pleistocene and have been largely unaffected by either invasions or migrations. As others have noted, Egyptians are Egyptians, and they were so in the past as well."
Genetic analysis of modern Egyptians reveals that they have paternal lineages common to indigenous North-East African populations primarily and to Near Eastern peoples to a lesser extent—these lineages would have spread during the Neolithic and were maintained by the predynastic period. University of Chicago Egyptologist Frank Yurco suggested a historical, regional and ethnolinguistic continuity, asserting that "the mummies and skeletons of ancient Egyptians indicate they were Africans of the Afro-Asiatic ethnic grouping". He writes:
"Certainly there was some foreign admixture [in Egypt], but basically a homogeneous African population had lived in the Nile Valley from ancient to modern times... [the] Badarian people, who developed the earliest Predynastic Egyptian culture, already exhibited the mix of North African and Sub-Saharan physical traits that have typified Egyptians ever since (Hassan 1985; Yurco 1989; Trigger 1978; Keita 1990; Brace et al., this volume)... The peoples of Egypt, the Sudan, and much of East Africa, Ethiopia and Somalia are now generally regarded as a [Nile Valley] continuity, with widely ranging physical features (complexions light to dark, various hair and craniofacial types) but with powerful common cultural traits, including cattle pastoralist traditions (Trigger 1978; Bard, Snowden, this volume). Language research suggests that this Saharan-[Nile Valley] population became speakers of the Afro-Asiatic languages... Semitic was evidently spoken by Saharans who crossed the Red Sea into Arabia and became ancestors of the Semitic speakers there, possibly around 7000 BC... In summary we may say that Egypt was a distinct Afro-Asiatic African culture rooted in the Nile Valley and on the Sahara."
A 2006 bioarchaeological study on the dental morphology of ancient Egyptians by Prof. Joel Irish shows dental traits characteristic of indigenous North Africans and to a lesser extent Southwest Asian and southern European populations. Among the samples included in the study is skeletal material from the Hawara tombs of Fayum, which clustered very closely with the Badarian series of the predynastic period. All the samples, particularly those of the Dynastic period, were significantly divergent from a neolithic West Saharan sample from Lower Nubia. Biological continuity was also found intact from the dynastic to the post-pharaonic periods. According to Irish:
[The Egyptian] samples [996 mummies] exhibit morphologically simple, mass-reduced dentitions that are similar to those in populations from greater North Africa (Irish, 1993, 1998a–c, 2000) and, to a lesser extent, western Asia and Europe (Turner, 1985a; Turner and Markowitz, 1990; Roler, 1992; Lipschultz, 1996; Irish, 1998a). Similar craniofacial measurements among samples from these regions were reported as well (Brace et al., 1993)... an inspection of MMD values reveals no evidence of increasing phenetic distance between samples from the first and second halves of this almost 3,000-year-long period. For example, phenetic distances between First-Second Dynasty Abydos and samples from Fourth Dynasty Saqqara (MMD ¼ 0.050), 11–12th Dynasty Thebes (0.000), 12th Dynasty Lisht (0.072), 19th Dynasty Qurneh (0.053), and 26th–30th Dynasty Giza (0.027) do not exhibit a directional increase through time... Thus, despite increasing foreign influence after the Second Intermediate Period, not only did Egyptian culture remain intact (Lloyd, 2000a), but the people themselves, as represented by the dental samples, appear biologically constant as well... Gebel Ramlah [Neolithic Nubian/Western Desert sample] is, in fact, significantly different from Badari based on the 22-trait MMD (Table 4). For that matter, the Neolithic Western Desert sample is significantly different from all others [but] is closest to predynastic and early dynastic samples.
A study published in 2017 described the extraction and analysis of DNA from 151 mummified ancient Egyptian individuals, whose remains were recovered from Abusir. The study was able to measure the mitochondrial DNA of 90 individuals, and it showed that Ancient Egyptians had the greatest affinity for modern Middle Eastern (Arabs, Levantine and Anatolian) and North African populations and had significantly more affinity with south-eastern Europeans than with sub-Saharan Africans. Genome-wide data could only be successfully extracted from three of these individuals. Of these three, the Y-chromosome haplogroups of two individuals could be assigned to the Middle-Eastern haplogroup J, and one to haplogroup E1b1b1 common in North Africa. The absolute estimates of sub-Saharan African ancestry in these three individuals ranged from 6 to 15%, which is slightly lower than the level of sub-Saharan African ancestry in Egyptians from Abusir, who range from 14 to 21%. The study's authors cautioned that the Mummies may be unrepresentative of the whole Ancient Egyptian population, since they were recovered from the northern part of Egypt and that the Southern part might have more Sub-Saharan component being closer to Nubia. and that they only dated from the late New Kingdom to the Roman Period. As a result mummies from the earlier classical periods of Egyptian history such as the Old Kingdom and Middle Kingdom further to the south were omitted.
- Sa'idi people
- Religion in Egypt
- List of Egyptians
- Egyptian Americans
- Egyptians in the United Kingdom
- Egyptians in Germany
- Egyptian diaspora
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Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. - Arthur Goldschmidt
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Many Egyptians do not consider themselves Africans. Some take offense even to being identified with Africa at all. When speaking to Egyptians who have traveled to countries below the Sahara, nearly all of them speak of going to Africa, or going down to Africa, as if Egypt were separate from the rest of the continent.
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|Wikimedia Commons has media related to People of Egypt.|
- Edward William Lane (1837). An account of the manners and customs of the modern Egyptians: written in Egypt during the years 1833, −34, and −35, partly from notes made during a former visit to that country in the years 1825, −26, −27, and −28. Volume 1 of An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. C. Knight and co. Retrieved 2011-07-06. | <urn:uuid:fe29cd09-665f-429f-ba0f-9b9ec4d71e1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fromthemachine.org/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptians | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947311 | 21,773 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Maybe we all have heard, read and watched the news about Japan’s powerful earthquake last Friday. Winston and I were enjoying ourselves in Universal Studio for my birthday weekend when the tweets came in. Japan is experiencing major earthquake at that moment. We weren’t aware of the massive damage that took place. Until much later when we watched the video footages and pictures.
It is heart wrenching.
These few days, I spent my time researching about the disaster for our work. After watching too much live footages of tsunami, I am convinced that human lives can be really fragile, everything we have can be wiped out within seconds. Take a look at these videos:
Japan is likened to a premium country with robust economy (although it is declining even more as we speak), highly productive and considerate, with a thriving culture and on top of that the most well-prepared nation for earthquake. Yet, they found themselves bowing down to the force of nature.
I am always amazed at the Japanese culture, the people’s spirit, creativity and authenticity. It is the one of the rare Asian culture that influence the world (At least for me, Japanese food is my no 1 favorite food here in Singapore).
In the face of disaster, their premium core is not shaken, proven by their efficiency, social responsibility and attitude.
Although they are a rich country, they still need our help! Please help support these donation portal or even buy Lady Gaga’s wristband!
“I am certain that Japan will rise again”, quoted one of the survivors. After all, they are the only country that survived two atomic bomb and yet emerged as one of the superpowers of the world. | <urn:uuid:627b5bef-abf7-4375-8dc5-cd100fad4a82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rosettedesigns.com/she-says-the-sun-will-rise-again/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969825 | 352 | 1.632813 | 2 |
ORANGE JORDAN SIGNS THE WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT PRINCIPLES TO ENHANCE ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC GROWTH
This global initiative was launched in recognition of the importance of promoting gender equality to enhance business performance and sustainable economic growth. Evidence suggests that unleashing the full potential of women and girls could increase the global GDP by more than $12 trillion, with positive effects on enhancing labor productivity.
Orange Jordan's joining the WEPs community confirms its continuous commitment to empowering women in the company at all levels and fields of work, which is achieved by supporting and developing their capabilities to access leadership positions, adopting an equal pay system, gender-sensitive policies, and combating all forms of discrimination and harassment.
On the other side, Orange Jordan will benefit from the WEPs gender gap analysis tool, a user-friendly and confidential online platform designed to help companies evaluating current policies and programs to identify areas for improvement and opportunities, as well as setting new goals for women’s empowerment.
CEO of Orange Jordan, Thierry Marigny, welcomed the opportunity of joining this international community, to benefit from all available tools to align with its role as a leading and responsible digital provider and efforts to empower women, promote gender equality, and ensure a conducive work environment. He also noted: female employees at Orange Jordan have deservedly reached many leadership positions and constitute 25% of the workforce.
He added that women have a pivotal role in sustainable socio-economic development and contribute to elevating the various sector, and accordingly; the company focused on its CSR strategy to empower women across the Kingdom, especially through the Women Digital Centers program to provide digital, management, marketing, and entrepreneurial skills.
It is worth mentioning that Orange Jordan has been awarded the GEEIS certification by Bureau Veritas, a global standard for promoting a culture of gender equality in the workplace.
Inclusive work environments benefit both employers and employees, women and men alike, by boosting productivity, expanding market opportunities, and creating legit benefits for the economy. We welcome Orange Jordan's commitment to catalyze change and promote women’s empowerment through the WEPs community said Mr.Ziad Sheikh, Representative of the UN Women Jordan.
The WEPs network currently includes more than 5,000 companies around the world, of which 50 are based in Jordan. The WEPs are informed by international labour and human rights standards and are considered the primary vehicle for corporate delivery on gender equality dimensions of the 2030 agenda and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Available in Arabic here. | <urn:uuid:47174340-a165-44d6-9325-47ed6af89695> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jordan.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2021/june/orange-jordan-signs-the-weps-to-enhance-its-contribution-to-economic-growth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942603 | 532 | 1.898438 | 2 |
812 top medical experts on Chromosome Deletion across 51 countries and 38 U.S. states, including 761 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants.
- Chromosome Deletion: Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.
- Clinical guidelines are the recommended starting point to understand initial steps and current protocols in any disease or procedure:
- Broader Categories (#Experts): Sequence Deletion (1,347), Loss of Heterozygosity (559), Monosomy (780).
- Clinical Trials : at least 11 including 1 Active, 5 Completed, 3 Recruiting
- Synonyms: Partial Monosomy, Partial Monosomy
Computing Expert Listing ... | <urn:uuid:73145c59-0915-46be-85a2-9bd26c9988c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findexpertmd.com/d/Chromosome_Deletion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.892775 | 164 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Select menu: Spread | Column | Duplicate
Use this to create a copy of a column within the spreadsheet.
- From the menu select Spread | Column | Duplicate.
A dropdown list of the available columns within the spreadsheet. Select the column to be duplicated from this list.
New column name
Specify the name for the new duplicated column. The new name must not match any column names that already exist in the spreadsheet.
The duplicated column may be created as a different data type by selecting one of the available data types.
Sort factor levels/labels
When selected, any text or variate columns that are duplicated as factors will have their levels/labels sorted in ascending order.
Insert missing values in rows excluded by filter
When selected, any rows that have been excluded by restricting or filtering the data will have missing values inserted.
|OK||Create the column and close the dialog.|
|Apply||Create the column leaving the dialog open.|
|Cancel||Close the dialog without further changes.| | <urn:uuid:50102835-7bdb-4d1b-b733-47cd5337850e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://genstat.kb.vsni.co.uk/knowledge-base/duplicate-column/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.764609 | 227 | 2.109375 | 2 |
You can now apply for TPS Ukraine. The last day to apply is October 19, 2023. Currently, this is also the last day you can have temporary protected status for Ukraine.
What is TPS?
Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is a form of immigration status for people already in the USA. TPS is for people who cannot go back to their home country because of danger. These may include armed conflict, environmental disasters, or other temporary dangers. This status is only available for people from certain countries.
Benefits of TPS
- You can stay in the USA legally for a set period of time
- You can apply for a work permit in the USA
- You can apply for a document to travel outside the USA
- You will be protected from detention and deportation
You cannot get any of the benefits of TPS until your application is approved. TPS is temporary. It does not give you lawful permanent status, citizenship, or any permanent immigration status.
Who can apply for TPS Ukraine?
If you are applying for the first time, you must meet the following requirements:
- Be a national of Ukraine, or a person without nationality who lived in Ukraine for a long time before arriving in the USA
- Have lived only in the USA since April 11, 2022
- Have not left the USA since April 19, 2022
You may not be eligible for TPS Ukraine if you have committed certain crimes.
What if I am not in the United States?
You can see if you are eligible for Ukraine humanitarian parole through the Uniting for Ukraine program.
How can I apply for TPS Ukraine?
You can apply for TPS Ukraine by filing Form I-821, Application for Temporary Protected Status. You can file your application online with USCIS.
You must send documents showing proof of your identity, nationality, and date of entry.
You must pay a fee if you are applying for TPS for the first time. You might be able to apply for a fee waiver if you can’t afford to pay the fee. Learn how to use the USCIS fee calculator.
When do I need to apply for TPS Ukraine?
You need to apply for TPS Ukraine by October 19, 2023.
What happens after I file my application?
USCIS will review your application and send you a receipt notice. You can check the status of your application online by typing in your receipt number.
You may get a letter asking for more evidence. This could be your photo, fingerprints, signature, and other documents.
You will get a letter in the mail approving or denying your application. If you applied for a work permit, you will also get information about your application.
If you do not get TPS, you will get information on whether and how you can appeal their decision.
Can I apply for a work permit?
Work permits are available to people with TPS and are known as an Employment Authorization Document (EAD). It shows employers that you are allowed to work in the USA.
You can apply for a work permit by filing Form I-765, Request for Employment Authorization at the same time you apply for TPS. You can also apply for EAD after you filed your TPS application. Filing both forms together may help you get EAD faster.
Can I apply for a travel permit?
Travel permits are available to people with TPS. It is known as advanced parole. It shows immigration officials that you are allowed to travel abroad and back to the USA.
You can apply for a travel permit by filing Form I-131, Application for Travel Document. Follow the instructions on Federal Register notice when applying for a travel permit.
You can apply for a work and travel permit at the same time or separately.
What happens when TPS Ukraine expires?
When TPS Ukraine expires, you will have the same immigration status you had before getting TPS.
If you did not have a legal immigration status before you applied for TPS, you may become undocumented. You can apply for another form of immigration status if you are eligible. If you stay without any legal status, you will risk the chance of arrest or deportation.
Can I change my immigration status?
You can have TPS at the same time as another immigration status.
An immigration legal representative can help you complete your application and review all of your immigration options. Search for legal help in your area using our FindHello app. Learn more about finding free and low-cost legal help.
The Embassy of Ukraine can offer more information. You can contact the Embassy of Ukraine at (202) 349-2963 or visit its consular offices in Washington D.C., New York City, San Francisco, and Chicago.
USCIS offers other immigration services that may help people affected by extreme situations, including the invasion in Ukraine. Call 800-375-5283 to learn how to request help.
USAHello does not give legal advice, nor are any of our materials intended to be taken as legal advice. | <urn:uuid:d4d41101-a3b9-43e6-8bab-c7789c3d9c50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usahello.org/zh-hans/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91/%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD/tps-ukraine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.923148 | 1,044 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Families in Syria continue to face unimaginable violence and barriers to rebuilding their lives. Hundreds of thousands of people have been forced to flee bombardments and violence in northern Syria — and after a decade of war, millions of Syrians still don’t have access to adequate food or water.
Give today to help provide emergency supplies, food, clean water, education and long-term support to Syrian families and other people devastated by conflict around the world.
Mercy Corps teams are already on the ground where help is most needed. We work in more than 40 countries to help people and communities prepare for, protect against and recover from crisis. Your gift today to our Where Most Needed Fund can help support families fleeing violence in Syria and Yemen, feed children in South Sudan and Nigeria threatened by dire food insecurity, reach survivors after natural disasters in places like Indonesia and Zimbabwe — and so much more. | <urn:uuid:85f972de-5007-4be4-aa8a-72afa4ff4f84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mercycorps.org/donate/syria?source=P3AWPMSTNRNZZ9999991&utm_source=googlepaid&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=%2Bghouta&utm_campaign=google%20gts%20sem%20syria&gclid=CjwKCAjwtvnbBRA5EiwAcRvnpj_e5IVCoOJccIv4krQ-QhAYUJOJMPlyXeoGj9JDpfiTTpfUomDJSBoCPYMQAvD_BwE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9552 | 180 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Creating the news blog is not many several really in order to creating a good normal blog when you are setting it up. Buy a domain title, install your own software (I recommend WordPress) and decide on a theme. Liz Macleod Yet of which is when the dissimilarities can start.
A different structure to the discussion blog
Using a news blog you might not really often desire to highlight the nearly all recent posts on the home page. Although you are going to possibly want to list every one there, if you are adding many stories then there might possibly be significant items that an individual want to lead with on your home site. For illustration, really newsworthy posts may well deserve a good feature in the best of the page but these ‘dead donkey’ items that you’ve opted to incorporate could just want some sort of real estate further along.
So that gives us the concept as to the design of your home page – generally there will be the showcased item at the major of this page and even then a list of all the other recent pieces involving news, as well as teasers, more down the page.
Section navigation is vital
Also, being a news blog website you may not really predict which usually items your readers will certainly find most interesting. However it is these of which you want to make available to other readers. So with your side navigation add a most favored posts list. It is almost certainly best to be able to use one that works out popularity based on web site visitors and looks back again over the last moment or so to job this out.
Now a person have the look on your website sorted, you need to have to just add this content. And that could function as the hard part. Just where would you like to get a trusted source of typical media things from? You could test ‘auto blogging’, in which a person fundamentally steal content, but that is not really good intended for your blog.
Finding high quality news for your blog site
Instead you need to be able to find sources of news products and add them manually to your blog. Write up the news in your own personal own words and include it in suitable types to make the blog page simple to operate. Just taking just about all of your ideas coming from one web site and spinner what you find now there is in danger of being accused of stealing ideas. To accomplish the job properly you should utilize various sources of facts in order to add your very own opinion, stats and benefit to each news item that you post. | <urn:uuid:4638c8ae-74e1-4f57-98a6-cf7a32f224a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.comoqueporque.com/steps-to-make-your-news-blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960826 | 515 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Calisthenics is a form of exercise that involves no equipment. It uses only the body as resistance and develops strength, endurance, balance and flexibility at the same time. If you’re new to the world of calisthenics or are considering adding it to your existing workout routine, this guide will help you get started.
What is Calisthenics?
Most people define calisthenics as exercises done without equipment. This can include everything from push-ups and sit-ups to squats and bridging exercises. The exercises can be done anywhere and can be modified to fit a variety of skill levels, fitness goals and ability restrictions.
Calisthenics is often used interchangeably with “bodyweight training,” which simply means training your body with your own weight. While there are many similarities between calisthenics and bodyweight training, there are also some key differences.
How to do Calisthenics Exercises
When you’re new to the world of calisthenics, it can be hard to know where to start. There are so many exercises to choose from and a wide variety of intensity levels. To get started, choose a few simple calisthenics exercises that will challenge you but won’t overwhelm you. You can also start with a particular goal or area of your body that you’d like to focus on.
Generally, it’s a good idea to start out with lighter weights or easier progressions to ensure proper form and prevent injury. Once you’ve become more experienced and your body has become stronger, you can advance to more difficult exercises.
Types of Calisthenics Exercises
Push-ups are one of the most common and effective calisthenics workouts. There are tons of variations, which can be used to challenge your muscles at different levels of intensity.
Burpees are one of the most challenging calisthenics exercises. They work the entire body and are great for building strength and endurance. Burpees are a combination of several different exercises, including squats, push-ups and a type of jump rope-like jump.
Pull-ups are a great Calisthenics exercise for your upper body and can be done in lots of different ways. They’re a great way to build strength and improve your posture.
Sit-ups are a classic exercise that can help improve your core strength. They’re used to strengthen your abdominal muscles but can be altered to work other areas of your body as well. so if you are looking calisthenics workout then you can go with sit ups.
Chin-ups are another variation of a basic pull-up exercise. It works the back, arms and core muscles, as well as the biceps. This is an upper body exercise that is done by lifting your own body weight using a bar and your hands.
6. Jump squats
Jump squats are one of the best types of calisthenics exercise because they work the entire body. This is a variation of a traditional squat exercise and involves jumping down and up while holding a weighted barbell.
Benefits of Calisthenics Exercises
1. Burning Fat
Calisthenics exercises are excellent for losing weight and burning calories. The best part about them is that they can be adjusted according to your fitness level. The more advanced you become in your routine, the more calories you will burn.
Calisthenics workouts are the best way to lose weight because they effectively target fat. When you do these exercises, you’re igniting the metabolism and burning fat that is stored in the body.
2. Improving your flexibility and posture
Apart from burning fat, other health benefits of calisthenics exercises include improving your flexibility, posture and balance. These exercises help you gain strength in your core and lower back, which can help you stand upright and improve your posture. If you are looking to increase your range of motion and flexibility, then Calisthenics workouts are perfect for you.
3. Strengthening your muscles
Calisthenics workouts are also excellent for building muscle strength and mass. If you do these exercises on a regular basis and push your limits, you’ll notice that your muscles become toner and stronger. This is because workouts such as squats, lunges and push-ups are great for building muscle mass.
4. Prevent injuries
Calisthenics exercises are also excellent for preventing injuries. These types of exercises have been used for centuries by martial artists and athletes who need to build strength in their core and lower back.
Calisthenics workout build strength in your core and lower back, which helps prevent injuries from happening in the first place. If you do these exercises regularly, you’ll notice that your posture improves and your flexibility increases, which makes it easier for you to avoid injuries in the future.
Calisthenics is a great form of exercise that anyone can do. The best thing about calisthenics is that you don't need any equipment. You can do them anywhere, anytime and that too for just about any fitness level. You can still gain strength and improve your health with calisthenics. | <urn:uuid:f8b7091d-6e13-4845-9e7a-cc2414fb8caf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skinproject.co.in/blogs/fitness/ultimate-guide-to-calisthenics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952239 | 1,104 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Over the last decade nativist populists across the European Union have grabbed headlines . But the cost of that political attention has been less focus paid to how their ideas have entered the mainstream, as establishment parties, left and right, across the European Union have adopted anti-rights, populist positions.
Take two examples from recent weeks.
In an “earthquake” in Germany’s Thuringia state earlier this month, the leader of the Free Democrats came to power with the support of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and somelocal center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) politicians, the first time in Germany’s post-war history that a mainstream party has relied on the support of the far-right party to form a regional government. There is deep concern that it is another step toward normalizing the politics of the far-right in Germany, even if the government was short-lived. The decision by Thuringia’s local CDU politicians to vote with the AfD has had serious repercussions for the future of the Chancellorship once Angela Merkel steps down.
In January’s regional elections Matteo Salvini’s Lega-led coalition did less well in wealthy Emilia-Romagna’s regional elections than polls predicted, but still recorded a historic high in a stronghold of the political left. Meanwhile, a Lega-supported center-right coalition did come to power in Calabria, Italy’s poorest region.
Either one of these electoral results seems to lead to introspection or debate about whether populism has succeeded in entering power or been staved off for the time being. But much of this is a distraction.
In the meantime, several mainstream parties have embraced nativist, populism-inspired anti-rights policies and rhetoric on welfare and migration. And they can show the same disdain for courts, critical media, vibrant civil society, and other independent checks on executive power.
While the normalization of populist politics in Europe is often discussed, the precise impact the corrosive ideas of nativist populists has on people’s thinking is less well documented. It can be seen in recent changes to welfare policies, with lines drawn dividing the deserving and the undeserving poor.
European Union countries’ national welfare systems, a key postwar human rights success, are a manifestation of people’s right to an adequate standard of living and social security, with rights protections sometimes written into law. This is now under attack, with recent efforts by center-right and center-left governments to scale back social security programs based on welfare chauvinism, the idea that the state’s welfare safety net is only for those who truly “belong.”
Austria’s ÖVP-FPÖ coalition (in place until last June) cut welfare spending for non-Austrians, introducing residence and language hurdles. The European Commission and neighboring EU states, whose citizens were affected in large numbers, challenged the policies. The future of these measures is to be seen under the new ÖVP-Green government, but the tone has been set.
In Denmark, as part of their winning effort to pursue or “bring back” working class citizens from voting for populists, the Social Democrats’ strategy involved an “ours first” welfare stance alongside an anti-immigration agenda. The three leftist parties on whose support the Social Democrat minority government relies may be a small brake, but nativism has become well embedded in Danish political thinking.
The pernicious influence of nativist populism is also evident in policies around integration in many parts of Europe, putting equality and nondiscrimination standards at risk.
The Netherlands exemplifies how establishment parties adopt xenophobic policies to pursue votes they think might otherwise go to the radical right. Prime Minister Mark Rutte’s 2017 open letter to migrants, telling them to “act normal or leave” the country, sounded an election dog whistle. A key plank of the nativist agenda is to place “acting normal” or “being Dutch” in direct opposition to visible manifestations of Muslim belief. Anti-Muslim policies pioneered by the murdered politician Pim Fortuyn, later by the radical right populist Geert Wilders, and in its most recent “alt-right” guise offered by Thierry Baudet have become mainstream.
Since August, the Netherlands has had a law banning full-face coverings, including the niqab and burqa. Such laws disproportionately impact Muslim women and can hinder their access to critical services without addressing concerns regarding whether some women are being forced to wear a veil. The Dutch ban faces challenges in implementation, with some city authorities and transport operators saying it was impracticable. But women who wear the full-face veil report being blocked from entering playgrounds and public transport. Although veil and headscarf bans can in some places result from aggressive secularism rather than nativist populism, recent trends show a strong overlap between dress-code bans and far-right concerns about the “Islamicization” of Europe.
Denmark’s previous center-right Liberal (Venstre) government also introduced a ban on the full face veil, but went a step further in institutionalizing xenophobic and anti-Muslim sentiment with a package of measures to force the integration of people living in neighborhoods officially designated as “ghettoes,” based on levels of social problems and a foreign-born population. The measures range from compulsory enrollment in child care for “ghetto children” to doubled sentences for crimes and enforced demolition or sell-offs of public housing.
Denmark’s current Social Democrat minority government, which supported all but one of the proposals while in opposition, continues to implement the so-called “ghetto deal”. While the current government’s move away from labeling these zones “ghettoes”, and softening its position on social housing demolition are worth noting, the other problematic, discriminatory measures remain. These measures risk alienating and stigmatizing, rather than integrating, people in affected communities.
Europe also needs to be watchful about the normalization of attacks on democratic institutions by the executive. We know from Poland and Hungary that undermining judicial independence is a preferred tactic by populist governments, removing obstacles to executive action at the expense of the rule of law. Judges from across Europe have made clear the risk of contagion, and European Union institutions have rightly responded. Populist governments in these countries have also taken aim at independent activists advocating for the rights of people left vulnerable as a result of government policy, or independent media offering critical reportage.
In that context, the warning signs of the UK mainstream center-right government embracing similar ideas on the judiciary are plain to see. In the last quarter of 2019, under Prime Minister Boris Johnson, the ruling Conservative party threatened to ignore a binding Supreme Court ruling that struck down its suspension of parliament, with voices in the party calling for abolishing the court. Johnson’s decision over the new attorney general in last week’s cabinet reshuffle, and a recent report that, according to government insiders, his top aide wants to “get the judges sorted” are worrying indeed. The government’s promised constitutional review that will look at the scope of judicial review could seek to curtail the key role of the courts to hold power in check.
These developments may seem disparate, and indeed the last one is from a country which has just left the European Union. But they are signals of what happens when establishment parties pander to misplaced fears and insecurities in pursuit of votes, giving further credence to those fears and undermining the structures that protect rights. They demonstrate the need for a major effort across Europe over the decade we have just entered to ensure that mainstream parties do not pursue ersatz versions of populism at the expense of human rights, democratic institutions and the rule of law.
Kartik Raj is a Western Europe researcher at Human Rights Watch. | <urn:uuid:58f26172-4d10-4188-855a-91181029dd5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/02/21/how-nativist-populism-going-mainstream-europe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950676 | 1,656 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Estimated read time: Less than a minute
Mary Richards, KSL Newsradio A new report is out rating this year's video games and how violent they are. The report from The National Institute on Media and the Family lists 10 games in particular that are especially gory.
Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar says there are some obvious ways for parents to make sure their kids aren't playing inappropriate games.
"A title like ‘Grand Theft Auto' should be a strong hint that the game contains behavior that the parents maybe shouldn't want to be enforcing at home," Klobuchar said.
The report showed more than half the time kids were able to buy games meant for those over age 17. These include "Manhunt 2," "Total Darkness" and "Assassin's Creed."
For more information on the report click the related link. | <urn:uuid:c6c0e3cf-eb93-4847-ae27-a458230e23bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ksl.com/article/2276197 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96587 | 176 | 1.828125 | 2 |
In 1993, I came to Poland to learn about the deaths of the Jewish people. I spent nine days honoring the memories of the souls of our people who were murdered at the hands of the Nazis.
I was 16 years old and I was on a United Synagogue Youth trip to Poland, which culminated in a life-changing visit to Israel. I have carried those memories with me for almost thirty years and they were packed in my proverbial suitcase when I boarded a plane this past Saturday night with 17 other rabbis from New York, on a UJA-sponsored rabbinic mission.
We stopped everything we were doing at home to come to Poland to see the devastation on the ground at the border with Ukraine, and to bring medical supplies and ordinary items for immediate use.
We came to see the work of various Jewish (and secular) organizations, such as the JCC in Warsaw and Krakow, the Joint Distribution Committee, as well as Natan, under the framework of our relationship with the UJA Federation of NY, in order to amplify the message of how we might be able to help raise awareness and funds to make a difference back home.
We knew that we were going to see sadness, despair and grief on the faces of Ukrainians, Jew and non-Jew alike, who just want to be able to live their lives.
Yet, because of the brutality of Russian President Vladimir Putin, they have been forced to flee their homes, and in most cases, separated from their loved ones. We have heard the stories of the men who are still in Ukraine. Men who are continuing to live and fight for their country and their dignity. Men who have been separated from their families, as we witnessed the exodus of refugee women and children.
However, there is a difference between my two visits. In 1993, when I came to Poland, the photos that I took were pictures of suitcases, shoes and eyeglasses, of crematoria and broken synagogues. All remnants of our people whose lives had been ended.
But this week, the photos were different; they weren’t photos of the past, they weren’t photos of the dead, they were photos of the chance for life. I took photos of children, diapers, toys and clothing, people preparing to make aliyah, women, children, and people young and old.
As we drove through the Polish countryside, visiting the makeshift absorption centers for refugees, the border crossing, the train station, and even a hotel in Warsaw which has been taken over by the Jewish Agency, who has created a space for Ukrainian Jews (and descendants of those Righteous Among the Nations), what I saw and felt was the shadow of those who had died at the hands of the Nazis being bridged into new images.
The images are of Jews who can organize, help, rescue and save. No longer at the whim of what others will do to our people, this time, our people were at the front lines, helping everyone from any background who needed a hot cup of coffee, a bed to sleep in or a phone to use.
As we drove through the Polish countryside we felt the presence of our people who hid in these forests, whose time was cut short and whose stories were not told.
Today, we hold on to these stories as new ones are being written. Stories of people who, by their will, determination, partnership and power of various Jewish organizations, will be given a chance to live, as they bring with them the footsteps of their ancestors, as they create a new story and a new path ahead.
In 1993, I learned about those who had died. And this week I met those who will live. Am Yisrael Chai (the nation of Israel lives). Truer words have never been written.
The writer is the rabbi at Sutton Place Synagogue, a Conservative synagogue in Midtown Manhattan. | <urn:uuid:f1fec1ee-25fc-4dd6-8f18-f00d191a6f1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-701399 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.984307 | 793 | 1.851563 | 2 |
One can understand which way the wind is blowing, with Israel veering towards the fascist rightwing in order to explain why the American Anthropological Association (AAA) just passed overwhelmingly a resolution boycotting their colleagues at Israeli universities. But the decision does nothing to “advance knowledge” or “solve human problems,” which the creators of the association’s website claim to promote. With their own commitment to the methodology of participant observation in the study of culture, anthropologists should be among the last group of scholars cutting cultural contacts and burning political bridges. Perhaps though, this was an easy call. For a variety of reasons, Jewish culture was never something that most anthropologists ever took seriously in the first place.
More sad than angry, I am afraid that academic BDS represents a gross betrayal of the Israeli and Jewish center or liberal-left. A destructive act, it’s also a self-defeating act hoisted on the organization by the uncompromising on-campus anti-Zionist left. Decisions like this undermine the attempt to resolve the conflict based on the principles mutual recognition, undercutting an uphill struggle in the Jewish community, while the groups who make these decisions and the people who support them will be increasingly ignored in the very community they want to challenge.
On the historical marginalization of Jewish culture in the field of anthropology, I’m recommending this article, which you can read here, by Marcy Brink-Danan citing works by Jonathan Boyarin, Barbara Kirscheblatt-Gimblett and Howard Eilberg-Schwartz.
“[Harvey] Goldberg offers three reasons for this marginalization: (nineteenth-century) focus on ‘primitive’ religions” (and the awkward result of modern Jews refusing to be seen as ‘backwards’ or uncivilized), lack of linguistic or textual skills for the study and interpretation of Jewishtexts, and a scholarly reluctance to deal with the intangibility of Jewish belief over the structure of more objectively observable phenomena, such as inscriptions or behaviors.”
“Dominguez has argued that Jewish difference somehow remains outside the anthropological purview; Jewish ethnographies have been ‘ghettoized’ as pertinent only to a Judaic studies audience or ‘folkloric’, offering nostalgic views of Jewish tradition and moribund communities (1993). Theorists tend to see Jews and Judaism as a reference point from the past against which to measure current-day dilemmas of Diaspora, minority rights, and integrations….However, as mainstream anthropology increasingly reckons with subjects who are ‘Diasporic’, the Jews are (sometimes) cited dismissively as historical precedents; their relevance is often argued away as they are found to be only one of a number of groups that might now claim such a title (see Clifford 1994).”
The AAA BDS resolution forms part of a particular disciplinary geneaology. But for all that, the resolution proves to be internally incoherent. You can read it here. Note that there are two distinct parts to the resolution.
The main body of the resolution is full of self-righteous and simplistic language, appealing to what might now be considered the anti-Zionist base of the AAA. In terms of “ethnic cleansing,” “colonization,” “discrimination,” and “military occupation,” the main body of the resolution paints Israel with as broad a selective brush as Islamophobes paint Islam as a menace and monolith.
But then then, as if drafted by lawyers, the Appendix takes all the brave words back. If Israel is simply the settler-colonial regime that it is said to be, then the following caveats in the Appendix makes no sense.
“This resolution does not impose any requirements on AAA members acting in their individual capacities. Under this resolution, individual members will remain free to make their own decisions about whether or not to support the boycott in their own professional practice, such as whether to accept Israeli grants, attend conferences in Israel, or publish in Israeli journals.”
The boycott would affect Israeli institutions in the following ways: those institutions would not be able to be listed in AnthroGuide, advertise in AAA venues, or participate in the AAA Departmental Services Program (DSP), the Career Center, or the Graduate School Fair. In addition, the boycott precludes granting permission to copy and reprint articles from AAA publications to journals and publications based at Israeli institutions. The boycott may also preclude the AAA from selling Anthrosource access to Israeli institutions. However, individual AAA members from Israel would still have access to Anthrosource through their personal membership. Permanent residents of Israel qualify for AAA membership at the rate for “Less Developed Countries,” which is $US 30 per year. This is the same rate that applies to Palestinians in Israel/Palestine as well as in the broader Middle East/North Africa region.
So what did the AAA actually decide? Casting a blow for freedom and justice, it was decided that Israeli institutions can’t buy Anthrosource. The final paragraph of the Appendix are pure weasel words. After the bold, but actually toothless declarations of the main body and resolution, the AAA looks after its own financial bottom line, assuring their colleagues that, “We anticipate that endorsing the boycott will have minimal financial ramifications for the AAA. Currently, there are no Israeli institutional members of the DSP, so there will be no financial losses in that regard. Other academic associations that have adopted the boycott have seen their membership numbers increase and none of those associations have sustained significant legal costs. If the boycott is adopted, the AAA leadership would be entrusted to determine how best to proceed in order to ensure its implementation to the greatest extent possible while maintaining the financial viability of the Association.”
Like so much rhetorical posturing on the academic left, the BDS resolution at the AAA turns out to be a toothless performance. The damage done is symbolic and political. The flip side to colonialism, the resolution continues to promote Jewish invisibility in the study of Anthropology, the assumption, of course, being that Jews represent a “majoritarian” and “non-indigenous” cultural constellation. The very real effect will be to put wind in the sail behind more radical promoters of BDS, encouraging them to continue to disrupt and shut down campus events and academic programming identified as “Zionist” or “pro-Israel” in clear violation of university protocols meant to protect everyone’s right to free speech on campus. | <urn:uuid:25ac0796-844a-4eb0-b298-841ceda86a5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jewishphilosophyplace.com/2015/11/22/american-anthropologist-boycott-israeli-colleagues-bold-toothless/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94771 | 1,386 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Grotte Chauvet 2
Have you ever heard of Chauvet Cave? It was discovered in 1994 near the Pont d’Arc in Ardèche, and is the oldest decorated cave known until today. His frescoes and prehistoric drawings are in perfect state of conservation. To preserve the original cave, the site is closed to the public. But a copy has been open since 2014. It’s called the Cave Chauvet 2. The replica allows everyone to see exactly what the interior of Chauvet Cave looks like. Here, everything has been reproduced exactly, it is a real immersion in the daily life of our ancestors, those who lived 36,000 years ago. | <urn:uuid:94eec61e-b5a0-42bf-8fe4-2c2edd8ee0a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://campingmilletoiles.com/en/surroundings/grotte-chauvet-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971167 | 138 | 2.59375 | 3 |
WHO WAS ALI JABRI?
An aristocrat hailing from an old Aleppo family, Ali Jabri was born in Jerusalem, raised in Egypt and educated between Stanford University in California, where he studied architecture, and Bristol University, graduating with a degree in English literature. He returned to Egypt, infatuated with its history, Islamic architecture, people and streets, and finally settled in Amman in the 1980s, where his work took on more political and social themes, laced with satire and sarcasm. Very much a visual diarist, Jabri was fascinated by cultural heritage, archaeology and social structures. In 2002, he was mysteriously murdered in his Amman apartment. Several years later, the Ali Jabri Human Heritage Foundation was established by his late sister, Diala, and some of his close friends, among them Rula and Fadi Ghandour, to preserve his legacy and work. Initially chaired by Fadi, the Foundation is no longer operational. In 2017, Jabri was awarded the Special Prize at the Sharjah Biennial.
- Suha Lallas Founder, Wadi Finan Gallery
- Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi Founder, Barjeel Art Foundation
- Rula Atalla Ghandour art patron, co-founder of the Ali Jabri Human Heritage Foundation
- Moderated by Vali Mahlouji independent curator and member of Art Dubai Modern Advisory Committee | <urn:uuid:2748a933-e7ef-431a-a6b8-ceb2ed5f7340> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artdubai.ae/modern-symposium-2018-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978432 | 287 | 2.015625 | 2 |
There are some ways you can do to reduce your sunburned eyes. First you can wear UV sun glasses each time when you go outside. Second, you can wear caps or sun hats which can protect the eyes from sunburned eyes. Third, you can wear contact lenses which have UV protection and also apply creams and lotions with SPF. Fourth, drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration is also required.
Sunburned eyes will lead to eye blood shot, light sensitivity, blur vision problems,red eyes, eye tearing, eye infections, and even pain eyes. Therefore, the importance of using sun block cannot be over emphasized. And the effective natural ways to relieve sunburned eyes is also necessary and helpful and they provide better and faster than products specifically made to relieve sunburn eyes. Here are some techniques to soothe and treat a sunburn eyes. Bath your eyes with cool water. Because the cool temperature will ease the pain, and the water will stop your eyes from irritations. Apply aloe vera to sunburned eyes. You can use fresh aloe juice and directly apply it on your eyes, which contain vitamins and good for sunburned eyes. Drink plenty of water. Sunburns eyes can also cause dehydration, so it's important to counterbalance your body by drinking a lot of water while you recover. Use cold tea bags. Cool green tea bags can provide the relief for your eyes, so just apply it on your closed eyes and it will safely and effectively soothe sunburned eyes.
It must be so hurt when you get the sun burned eyes. You'd better go home and use the warm compress to make them feel better. You should use the eyes drops with anti-inflammation to get rid of the bacterium in your eyes. You could also avoid eating the spicy food which may stimulate the eyes nerves and make your situation get worse. | <urn:uuid:1367729b-9031-463e-b2ef-719df5f9a0c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://answer.firmoo.com/question/10182.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943164 | 385 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Ioften think about the old Knights of Labor on Labor Day.
Okay, I’m a retired history teacher who still packs a union card.
The Knights “tried to teach the American wage-earner that he was a wage-earner first and a bricklayer, carpenter, miner, shoemaker, after; that he was a wage-earner first and a Catholic, Protestant, Jew, white, black, Democrat, Republican, after,” historian Norman Ware wrote.
The Knights stressed that whatever else divided working people, work itself was what they all had in common. Work was, by far, the most important factor in their lives. Thus, workers should unite as members of the working class, the Knights urged.
Active in the late 19th-century, the Knights were among the pioneers in our union movement. There were even Knights in western Kentucky, where I was born, reared and still live. The Fulton, Kentucky, group published a newspaper called The Toiler.
The paper and the Knights are long gone.
But the union’s basic principle is still relevant: Working people, no matter what jobs we have, are wage earners first. “An injury to one is the concern of all,” was the Knights’ famous motto. It still rings true.
Anyway, I spent twenty-four years as a teacher. I was a newspaper reporter for almost 13 years before that.
But I was always a wage-earner and a worker first. I belong to the working class just like a factory worker, construction worker, dock worker, miner, truck driver, carpenter, painter, plumber, electrician, firefighter, garbage collector, grocery clerk, secretary and every other worker. We all belong to the working class.
History is plain about what has most benefited the working class: unions and New Deal-style government action on our behalf. A big part of the New Deal guaranteed our right to organize unions and bargain collectively for better wages, hours, working conditions and benefits.
My maternal grandparents, Susie and Diehl Vest of Mayfield, Kentucky, remembered how the union and the New Deal made their lives better.
“Bobo” belonged to the Amalgamated Clothing Workers at the old Merit Clothing Co. “Grandadden” worked out of Paducah Painters Local 500, which is still around.
The Vests voted for Franklin D. Roosevelt all four times he ran. (FDR and Abraham Lincoln tie as their grandson’s favorite presidents.)
Senator and Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey was one of my favorite politicians. Molly Ivins was one of my favorite newspaper columnists. Both of them also knew what helped the working class the most.
“America is a living testimonial to what free men and women, organized in free democratic trade unions, can do to make a better life,” said HHH, who I voted for in 1968, the first year I was eligible to cast a ballot.
Said Ivins: “Although it is true that only about 20 percent of American workers (sadly, that percentage has shrunk as so many of our good union jobs have been shipped out of the country) are in unions, that 20 percent sets the standards across the board in salaries, benefits and working conditions. If you are making a decent salary in a non-union company, you owe that to the unions. One thing that corporations do not do is give out money out of the goodness of their hearts.”
Happy Labor Day!
Berry Craig taught history at West Kentucky Community and Technical College for 24 years. He is a charter member of American Federation of Teachers Local 1360, the recording secretary for the Western Kentucky AFL-CIO Area Council and the 2013 recipient of the council’s highest honor, the W.C. Young Award, named for the late civil rights and union leader from Paducah.
Friday, 30 August 2013 | <urn:uuid:26a74ee2-ddf7-420f-b39f-f3d96c1015c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laprogressive.com/labor-social-justice/union-workers-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.970487 | 830 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus – its conservation and management.
ORYX 32 (4): 295-300. ISSN 0030-6053. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-59.x
The black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus originally occurred throughout a large part of the Atlantic forest in the west of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Today, however, it is restricted to a few isolated forest fragments as a result of deforestation caused by cattle ranching, and urban and agricultural expansion, especially in this century. One of its last strongholds is a small gallery forest at Lençóis Paulista in the west-central part of the state. The authors report on a long-term study of this small and isolated population, aimed particularly at providing a basis for the intensive management and conservation of the species and its habitat. | <urn:uuid:9acf179c-397c-4ed9-9ee1-b09ccab88e81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zootier-lexikon.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=4446:mamede-costa-c-gobbi-n-1998&Itemid=217 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.90288 | 211 | 2.453125 | 2 |
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