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SAN DIEGO, April 6, 2011 /PRNewswire/ — CareFusion (NYSE:
CFN), a leading global medical technology company, today
announced it has acquired technology to automate the segregation of
pharmaceutical waste, helping hospitals reduce cost, improve
regulatory controls and facilitate environmental
The problem of pharmaceutical waste is likely to reach a
dangerous level, with U.S. hospitals purchasing more than 4 billion
vials, bottles and ampoules containing hazardous materials and
generating more than 84,000 tons of hazardous waste annually.
According to a recent U.S. Geological survey, pharmaceutical waste
was found in 80 percent of sampled water streams, contaminating
drinking water. In 2008, another study found a vast array of
pharmaceutical drugs present in the drinking water of 41 million
American homes and in 24 major metropolitan areas.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been ramping up
enforcement nationwide. Hospitals may be fined up to $37,500 per
infraction, per day, for improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste.
Recently, a government-owned hospital was fined $51,501 and ordered
to spend $500,000 to develop a program for pharmaceutical waste
management; another large cancer hospital was fined $372,254 for
improper handling and storage of hazardous pharmaceutical
With the acquisition of Vestara, a Calif.-based company
focused exclusively on developing solutions for the
management of pharmaceutical waste, CareFusion expands its | <urn:uuid:7c3319cc-0675-4ebd-9eb8-9c8551935b34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicaldesignandoutsourcing.com/carefusion-acquires-technology-for-sorting-and-managing-dangerous-pharmaceutical-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.897198 | 321 | 2.078125 | 2 |
This robotic turtle could help map the world’s sunken wrecks (VIDEO)
posted Monday, December 2, 2013 at 2:15 PM EDT
Despite our romantic dreams to the contrary, looking for sunken wrecks is not exactly the easiest thing to do in the world. Human divers are slow, need to return to the surface frequently, and can only go so deep; remote sensing techniques lack resolution; and many diving robots require long tethers and can disturb the silt on the bottom of the sea floor. But a new robot modeled after a sea turtle could defeat those problems, and allow for better, safer remote exploration of the deeps.
The U-CAT is a new biomimetic robots (one designed after an animal or plant), and its creators from the Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia believe that it could help with many of the trickier aspects of exploring sunken ships. Rather than using propellers, which can cause large eddies and kick up silt, the U-CAT uses four flippers, which also allow it to rotate on any axis, and rapidly and accurately maneuver in any direction.
The U-CAT will also be outfitted with a camera, and can be controlled remotely, which would allow it to travel into areas otherwise inaccessible, and retrieve information otherwise too dangerous for humans.
The robot turtle still has a lot to prove. The briny depths are a hazardous environment. Will such a small robot be able to survive being buffeted by underwater currents? Will it have enough light to see? Will the remote control system be strong enough for deep diving?
If you're in the UK, you can see the U-CAT at the Science Museum in London alongside a number of other nature mimicking creations. | <urn:uuid:2c5844bb-34b5-4e1a-b9f5-743b0534a014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.imaging-resource.com/news/2013/12/02/this-robotic-turtle-could-help-map-the-worlds-sunken-wrecks-video | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93324 | 362 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Can you help me? I’m planning to become a sperm donor here in Orlando, Florida (US) but I’ve been reading about how does it work such as advantages and disadvantages of sperm donation, average pay for sperm donation, benefits of sperm donation, compensation for sperm donation, etc. But what I find most concerning is the screening of sperm donors and their profile characteristics. I understand you must be super healthy, but I’ve read something about a “quarantine period”, as if you were ill or something like that. I don’t quite understand what is it about, so can anybody give me a detailed explanation? I’d be greatly satisfied!10/15/2015 at 8:37 pm
As you said, the screening of potential sperm donors includes a quarantine period. In such period, the semen sample is frozen and stored for a minimum of 6 months. After that period of time, the donor is again tested for the STDs.
This process is done thoroughly in order to guarantee the donor hasn’t acquired or developed any infection either before or after these 6 months. Once the donor is proved to be free from any infectious disease, his semen sample can be released from the quarantine period and be qualified as viable to be used for fertility treatments.
However, nowadays there are sperm washing techniques that purify the sperm from viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis C. Be it as it may, clinics in the US do not accept sperm from carriers of significant viral or infectious diseases (STIs).
I hope I’ve been of help10/16/2015 at 1:43 pm
Other topics related to this forum | <urn:uuid:3d99cb96-2d5b-4407-b914-01698cdf1510> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.invitra.com/en/forums/topic/quarantine-period-for-sperm-donors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951425 | 353 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Contemporary House Design. The front towers sit on stilts and have glazed walls that frame each view. The example above is by malan vorster.
Contemporary homes are the one prepared according to the changes in day by day in the styles.this can include the. Our modern home designs gallery below features a range of modern homes with respect to design and architecture. Many ranch house plans are made with this contemporary aesthetic.
Table of Contents
Many More Featured House Designs Here.
House plan ch126 net area: Are you looking for contemporary house designs and plans, browse our large collection of best house design. At first, treehouses were for children.
Flexible Modern One Story House Plan Two Full Bedroom Suites.
Front facade is probably the most important part of every house design. Floorplans that are light and bright and go with the flow define contemporary style. The common characteristic of this style includes simple, clean lines with large windows devoid of decorative trim.
We Will Help You To Achieve Your Dreams.
The roof can be flat or shallow pitched, often with great overhangs. This design philosophy has become fairly popular over the last few years according to this modern design house’s article, stating the whole point of the philosophy behind the architecture of a contemporary house is essentially achieving a better design by making it so simple. We are providing best house designs according to the modern trends.
A Modern House Is A Unique Architectural Highlight.
4 bedroom house with pool in 15x30m lot modern design فيديو. See more ideas about contemporary house design, contemporary house, house design. Fb img 1525466073840 philippines house design 2 y modern.
Contemporary Homes Are The One Prepared According To The Changes In Day By Day In The Styles.this Can Include The.
Whatever is the design of today may change in a few years. The idea of the modern house exterior is viewed as a contemporary design in architectural focuses. This uses the trendiest concepts, though it is feasible to incorporate older elements as long as they’re ideal for all times. | <urn:uuid:988e49fc-0b66-43a3-bcb1-9a729da5dac1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://freaknsuits.com/contemporary-house-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.923692 | 439 | 1.914063 | 2 |
what is the criminal court system ?
what is the criminal court system？
The criminal justice system is the network of government and private agencies intended to manage accused and convicted criminals. The criminal justice system is comprised of multiple interrelated pillars, consisting of academia, law enforcement, forensic services, the judiciary, and corrections.
Furthermore,What does the criminal justice system do?
The criminal justice system is designed to deliver “justice for all.” This means protecting the innocent, convicting criminals, and providing a fair justice process to help keep order across the country. In other words, it keeps our citizens safe.
In this regard,What is the criminal court system UK?
HM Courts & Tribunals Service (HMCTS) is responsible for the administration of criminal, civil and family courts and tribunals in England and Wales. Magistrates' courts deal with the less serious criminal offences, such as most motoring offences, minor criminal damage or being drunk and disorderly.
One may also ask,What are the 3 main components of the criminal justice system?
The Three Components of the Criminal Justice System & Where You Fit In
- Law Enforcement.
Regarding this,What is the criminal justice system Australia?
The Australian criminal justice system The criminal justice system is a system of laws and rulings which protect community members and their property2. It determines which events causing injury or offence to community members, are criminal.
Modern goals of the criminal justice system include preventing crime, protecting the public, supporting victims of crimes, holding perpetrators responsible for crimes committed, and helping offenders return to society as law-abiding citizens.
Deciding disputes. In the course of helping to keep the peace, courts are called upon to decide controversies. If, in a criminal case, the defendant (one charged with a crime) denies committing the acts charged against him, the court must choose between his version of the facts and that presented by the prosecution.
What is another word for criminal justice system?
|judiciary||law and order|
Criminal justice is a process, involving a series of steps beginning with a criminal investigation and ending with the release of a convicted offender from correctional supervision. Rules and decision making are at the center of this process.
Overall, Australia was ranked 27 out of the 36 countries included, with levels of confidence ranging from a high of 79 percent in Denmark to a low of 19 percent in Lithuania. Recent Australian research (Jones et al. 2008) examined public confidence in the criminal justice system in New South Wales.
The three basic functions of the court system are norm enforcement, dispute processing, and policy making.
The longstanding and widely accepted “purposes of courts” in carrying out these responsibilities are the following:
- To promote justice in individual cases.
- To ensure the public perceptions of justice in individual cases.
- To provide an impartial forum for the resolution of legal disputes.
Under the common law system of the United States, three major categories of laws are defined at the federal and state levels: criminal, civil (or tort), and administrative (or regulatory) laws. | <urn:uuid:9718fd16-83e3-4523-8d87-ba2c4366a930> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.answerjournal.net/what-is-the-criminal-court-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929819 | 661 | 3.390625 | 3 |
By P. Soma Palan –
I refer to the Front page Headlined news report under the heading “Wildlife officials to be armed with AK47 Rifles”, which appeared in the Sunday Times of 2nd September. The Wildlife and Regional Development Minister, Field Marshal Sarath Fonseka has envisaged to Order 2568 AK 47 Assault Rifles to arm the Wildlife Officers, in a warlike effort: (a) to protect Wildlife (Elephants) from Poachers and (b) to solve the “Elephant- Human conflict”.
Financial cost of the Project
The purchase of the said weapons would cost Rs.42 million of Public Funds, and an additional, Rs.500 million for the purchase of Cabs for use of the Wildlife Officers. Further, another additional unknown cost, for the expansion of the Human Resource capital of 6000 Wildlife cadre, as per the statement of the Deputy Minister for Wildlife, Palitha Theveraperuma. Our Political Rulers, whichever the Government in power, has the knack to create artificial needs for purchases and job expansion, for their self- gain and to fortify their electoral support base. More the purchases, greater the cost value, greater the cost value, more the personal benefits. More the job expansion, more the political outcomes. This is, on a mistaken belief that job-expansion is economic development. Multiplying people at work, through job creation, without expanding the productive capacity, diminishes only the level of productivity of those engaged in work. Artificial creation of jobs leads to artificial need for facilities such as more Cabs/vehicles for surveillance duties amounting to Rs.500 million. This is a vicious cycle, which is a characteristic of the Government Service. There is rarely any attempt to increase productivity of human resources at constant capacity.
Protection of Wildlife (Elephants) from Poachers
The Wildlife Rangers, Assistant Rangers and wildlife Guards no doubt, need a standard Gun for their self-defense, during their surveillance rounds in the wild, both against deadly wild animals and illegal armed poachers. This is understandable and a necessity. But, surely they are provided with this basic requirement, I believe, at present. However, do they need sophisticated automatic assault rifles of an AK47 kind, which is typically a military weapon? To be armed with such a lethal weapon, presupposes an intent to kill a human poacher or an animal. If it is the latter, then, it goes against the spirit of conservation of wild animals, which is really the rationale for setting up of a Wildlife Department, with the primary duty and responsibility to protect wildlife. A weapon is given to be used. If not, it is for mere display. Is not such a high powered and efficient automatic weapon goes beyond the purpose of a contingency, which is limited, few and far between? The threat to wildlife and/or to wildlife Rangers is not a military threat, deserving a military response. This amounts to an over-exaggeration of a non-existent need to be armed with an automatic assault rifle. The possibility of such deadly weapons infiltrating to the domain of the criminals, through devious means, would result in widespread crime and contractual murders.
It is difficult to fathom how the provision of AK 47 assault rifles would solve the Elephant/Human conflict. The only implied inference is that the armed Wildlife Rangers could protect the human settlers in the forest borderlands, by killing the Elephants on rampage. Doesn’t this defeat the very purpose of wildlife conservation, by destroying wildlife? Aren’t there other civil, non-militaristic solutions to the Elephant/Human conflict and illegal poaching? What is needed, is ingenuous methods and strategies to overcome this problem. The provision of Guns, irrespective of their efficiency, is not the answer. There should be workable and pragmatic preventive measures and persistent vigilance and continuous surveillance of the forests borderlands.
I am not an expert on Wildlife conservation. I have no knowledge of the ground reality or terrain of the Wildlife sanctuaries. However, I can offer some suggestions, which are only a mental conceptualization. I do not know whether it is feasible or practicable. It is left to those Authorities concerned to explore the possibility of their adoption.
1. Ensure that Wildlife is left alone in their forest domain, free from interference by humans.
2. Prevent human settlers encroaching into the natural domain of Wildlife, the forest cover. Felling forest trees and clearing the land for human settlements must be closely watched and monitored. There should be no compromise on this aspect. Those involved in illegal felling of trees for Timber trade, particularly by politicians either directly or indirectly, must be severely dealt with. Eternal vigilance and surveillance of the Wildlife Rangers is required.
3. There should be a corridor of no man’s land between the Forest borders and human settlements with a sizeable gap making it difficult for elephants to attack human settlements.
4. Instead of the an electric fence as it is now, the possibility of having an excavated ditch of about 10 feet depth on the borderline of the forest covers, should be explored. On the outer-side of the ditch, a strong wall should be built using granite boulders making it impenetrable and indestructible for elephants. At reasonable intervals openings with iron Gates can be made to allow accessibility to wildlife Rangers to enter the forest cover to discharge their duties. This will not only prevent elephants attacking human settlements but also make it impossible for poachers to enter the forests. | <urn:uuid:5ae4bd0c-185d-4680-bd47-e47ffd476d27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/field-marshal-sarath-fonseka-declares-war-in-the-wild-with-ak47/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934918 | 1,141 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Removal of dairy cows would have minimal impact on GHG
The dairy industry in the United States is massive. It supplies dietary requirements to the vast majority of the population.
This same industry also contributes approximately 1.58 percent of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). A commonly suggested solution to reduce greenhouse gas output has been to reduce or eliminate the dairy industry in favor of plant production.
A team of Virginia Tech researchers wanted to uncover the actual impact these cows have on the environment.
The researchers found the removal of dairy cows from the United States agricultural industry would only reduce greenhouse emissions by about 0.7 percent, while significantly lowering the available supply of essential nutrients for humans.
“There are environmental impacts associated with the production of food, period. The dairy industry does have an environmental impact, but if we look at it in the context of the entire U.S. enterprise, it’s fairly minimal,” said Robin White, an associate professor in the Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences and a member of the research team. “Associated with this minimal impact is a very substantial provision of high-quality, digestible and well-balanced nutrients for human consumption.”
White was part of a team, which included scientists from the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The team was also supported by Dairy Management Inc., who examined a few different scenarios for dairy cattle in the United States factoring in current management practices, retirement and depopulation from the United States agricultural industry.
White’s team looked at both the environmental and nutritional impact of three different scenarios.
Greenhouse gas emissions were unchanged in the herd management scenario, in which cattle become an export-only industry and the supply of available nutrients decrease. In this economically realistic scenario, the industry stays similar to how it is now, but the United States no longer benefits from the human consumable nutrients dairy cows provide.
The scenario where cows were retired, living out the remainder of their lives in pastures or free-range, resulted in a 12 percent reduction in agricultural emissions and all 39 nutrients considered declined.
The depopulation scenario, where cows are exterminated, resulted in a seven percent reduction in agricultural emissions. Thirty of 39 nutrients increased for the depopulation scenario, though several essential nutrients declined.
A major factor in all of the scenarios is the use of the land, which has to be managed after the removal of the cows. The impact on the industry downstream must be factored into the scenario results.
For example, a pasture formerly used for cattle would no longer be used for the particular resource. Areas used for grain, fertilizer and more would also change functionality.
“Land use was a focus in all animal removal scenarios because the assumptions surrounding how to use land made available if we remove dairy cattle greatly influence results of the simulations,” White said. “If dairy cattle are no longer present in U.S. agriculture, we must consider downstream effects, such as handling of pasture and grain land previously used for producing dairy feed, disposition of byproduct feeds and sourcing fertilizer.”
Plants have long been thought of as a more renewable method to obtain nutrients essential for humans, but this requires farming of the land, which also produces emissions.
A significant reason why the impact of dairy cows on the environment is minimal is because of advancements in the industry over the last 50-plus years, White said. As with most industries, efficiency improves over time.
To produce the same one billion kilograms of milk in 2007 as in 1944, it required just 21 percent of the animals, 23 percent of the foodstuffs, 35 percent of the water and only 10 percent of the land.
For White, this was an extension of previous research conducted in 2017 on the reduction of animals in U.S. agriculture and the associated impacts on nutrition and greenhouse gasses.
This article was written by Max Esterhuizen, assistant director of communications and marketing for the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Virginia Tech and is courtesy of the institution. For more information, e-mail Esterhuizen at email@example.com or visit vtnews.vt.edu. | <urn:uuid:a9fe2fda-e622-442b-82b1-b360bc6f8089> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wylr.net/2021/01/29/removal-of-dairy-cows-would-have-minimal-impact-on-ghg/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944749 | 884 | 3.5 | 4 |
The Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle has been the locus of volcanism, faulting, and sedimentation for the past 35 million years. It encompasses parts of the Cascade Range and Blue Mountain geomorphic provinces, stretching from snowclad Quaternary stratovolcanoes on the west to bare rocky hills and sparsely forested juniper plains on the east. The Deschutes River and its large tributaries, the Metolius and Crooked Rivers, drain the area. Topographic relief ranges from 3,157 m (10,358 ft) at the top of South Sister to 590 m (1,940 ft) at the floor of the Deschutes and Crooked Rivers where they exit the area at the north-central edge of the map area. The map encompasses a part of rapidly growing Deschutes County. The city of Bend, which has over 70,000 people living in its urban growth boundary, lies at the south-central edge of the map. Redmond, Sisters, and a few smaller villages lie scattered along the major transportation routes of U.S. Highways 97 and 20.
This geologic map depicts the geologic setting as a basis for structural and stratigraphic analysis of the Deschutes basin, a major hydrologic discharge area on the east flank of the Cascade Range. The map also provides a framework for studying potentially active faults of the Sisters fault zone, which trends northwest across the map area from Bend to beyond Sisters.
This digital release contains all of the information used to produce the geologic map published as U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2683 (Sherrod and others, 2004). The main component of this digital release is a geologic map database prepared using ArcInfo GIS. This release also contains files to view or print the geologic map and accompanying descriptive pamphlet from I-2683. | <urn:uuid:acc405df-43a1-4acd-a16f-c9e06c62b9ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ds303 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.906308 | 388 | 2.625 | 3 |
Sinkhole vs Catastrophic Ground Cover Collapse Coverage
If you’ve lived in Florida for any length of time you are familiar with the risk posed by the peril of sinkholes. Florida has more sinkholes than any state in the nation. Over the last couple decades sinkhole losses have become a primary concern for insurers, homeowners, and developers, especially in “Sinkhole Alley” which consists of Hernando, Pasco and Hillsborough counties.
Originating in 1981, Florida statutes have mandated that all property policies issued by Admitted Insurers must include coverage for the peril of sinkhole. Then, in 2007, legislation introduced a new restrictive coverage known as Catastrophic Ground Cover Collapse which replaced the mandatory sinkhole coverage. Under the revised law, Florida property insurance policies issued by Admitted Insurers must include catastrophic ground cover collapse coverage and offer sinkhole coverage as an endorsement for an additional premium.
Let’s take a look at the Florida statutes to get a better understanding of these coverages and how they affect the insured. The full statute can be found here.
According to the 2015 Florida Statute 627.706, the coverages are defined as follows:
Catastrophic Ground Cover Collapse
|Definition: geological activity that results in the following:
1. The abrupt collapse of the ground cover;
2. A depression in the ground cover clearly visible to the naked eye;
3. Structural damage to the covered building, including the foundation; and
4. The insured structure being condemned and ordered to be vacated by the governmental agency authorized by law to issue such an order for that structure.
|Definition: settlement or systematic weakening of the earth supporting the covered building only if the settlement or systematic weakening results from contemporaneous movement or raveling of soils, sediments, or rock materials into subterranean voids created by the effect of water on a limestone or similar rock formation.|
|Coverage: Contents coverage applies if there is a loss resulting from a catastrophic ground cover collapse. Damage consisting merely of the settling or cracking of a foundation, structure, or building does not constitute a loss resulting from a catastrophic ground cover collapse.||Coverage: A Sinkhole loss means structural damage to the covered building, including the foundation, caused by sinkhole activity. Contents coverage and additional living expenses apply only if there is structural damage to the covered building caused by sinkhole activity.|
By looking at the coverages in comparison it is clear to see that qualification for a catastrophic ground cover collapse loss is no easy task. All 4 stipulations must be met. Settling or cracking of the structure or foundation does not constitute a catastrophic collapse loss. Contrarily, sinkhole coverage is much broader. This stark contrast between coverages makes it imperative for insurance agents to not only comprehend these coverages but to also explain them to their insureds as this would be a tough lesson to learn at the time of filing a claim.
- Catastrophic Ground Cover Collapse coverage is very restrictive and must meet all 4 stipulations to qualify for a loss.
- Florida property insurance policies issued by admitted carriers must include catastrophic ground cover collapse coverage.
- Admitted carriers must offer sinkhole coverage, if requested, for an additional premium. | <urn:uuid:fc974759-714e-476c-a3c8-2c68afa3b596> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cuifla.com/sinkhole-vs-catastrophic-ground-cover-collapse-coverage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945032 | 688 | 2 | 2 |
In 2004 I made a series of drawings from old microscope slides on loan from the Bell Pettigrew Museum at the University of St. Andrews, for a project organised by artist and illustrator Jeannine Osborne. I worked with a beautiful set of insect wings, collected and prepared by biologist D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948).
Thompson published his famous book ‘On Growth and Form’ in 1917 and it has influenced thinking about natural structures through to the present day. I remember borrowing an old well-used copy from the St. Andrews University library in the 1970s, struggling with the text and thoroughly enjoying the illustrations.
In 2004 we exhibited our drawings and paintings alongside the original microscope slides in the Cooper Gallery at University of Dundee and I was delighted when two of my drawings were purchased for the University collection: ‘Diptera’ (a bluebottle wing) and ‘Odonata’ (a lovely dragonfly wing with a little break on one edge).
A few weeks ago I received an email from Dundee University Curator Matthew Jarron, letting me know that my drawings were to be included in a new exhibition at the City Art Centre in Edinburgh, showcasing artwork inspired by D’Arcy Thompson’s work. I visited the exhibition last week and found my drawings in great company. I feel very proud to be in the same show as Wilhelmina Barns Graham, not far from one of her lovely ‘geology’ drawings.
I asked Matthew if it was ok to photograph my work so here it is, with authentic fluorescent-lighting stripeyness:
The label says these are ‘mixed media’. I must have been less specific about materials back then. I remember using pencil, pen and ink, red and yellow ochres from the Fife coast and shellac varnish. I enjoyed adding the shellac. I used it to give the drawings the same antiqued look as the old microscope slides and had a smile to myself at the time, knowing that shellac is a resin made by insects.
‘A Sketch of the Universe: Art, Science and the Influence of D’Arcy Thompson’ is on at the City Art Centre until 19 Feb 2017.
Here’s a visual record of the Pictish art workshop I ran at the Centre for Stewardship, Falkland on Saturday 30th May. I’m absolutely sure that Liz, Marek, Ali, Sophie and Sarah would be accepted as scribes and banner-makers by any self-respecting Pictish tribe…
We used illustrations of Pictish stone carvings for reference and made notebooks for storing tracings and drawings
Everyone created their own designs and tranferred them onto calico to make banners – some larger than others!
Natural mineral pigments (ochres) from the Fife coast provided rich colour for the banner designs
The beautiful finished banners (Ali has taken pigments home to finish the colourwork on his). The Pictish carved stones found the length of eastern Scotland may have been this colourful. Who knows?
There’s a glimpse of East Lomond hill behind Sarah in this photo. Dr. Oliver O’Grady supervised a successful community dig on the east side of this hill in 2014 for the Living Lomonds Landscape Partnership and he thinks it was a very significant place during Pictish times. More about that on the Living Lomonds website: http://www.livinglomonds.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Big-Dig-East-Lomond-Hill-Fort.pdf
Illustrator Bob Marshall has created an amazing reconstruction of the hill fort in collaboration with Oliver. Spot the banners outside the ‘great hall’ at the top of the hill: http://www.bobmarshall.co.uk/portfolio/illustrations/east_lomond_fort.asp
And if you’d like to see (and buy) contemporary interpretations of Pictish art: http://www.ancientstoneart.co.uk/
The last word goes to Sophie’s Pictish archer.
This workshop was funded by the Living Lomonds Landscape Partnership and hosted by the Centre for Stewardship, Falkland: http://www.centreforstewardship.org.uk/ | <urn:uuid:a14f649e-ed82-43d3-b19e-5313a6a2ee65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://janhendry.com/tag/ochre/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933732 | 1,005 | 1.742188 | 2 |
In 1983, Urs Raussmüller and Robert Ryman installed 50 paintings of the latter in the Hallen für Neue Kunst in Schaffhausen in what would be the first of three consecutive installations of the artist (these turned out to set the standard for the presentation and perception of Ryman works: further reading). In 1991 Raussmüller asked his friend to create new works and present them parallel to the existing installation in a special exhibition. Motivated by the challenge to compete with his own works, Ryman created a series of 16 paintings between 1991 and 92 that did not match anything else he made before: the “Versions”. The openness of the painting and its specific interaction with light and space made them unique in Ryman’s Oeuvre.
In the Versions, Robert Ryman used all parts of the painting to create something whole that directly approaches the viewers. All elements of the painting are consciously joined to one aesthetic impression: The structured support made of very thin fiberglass, slightly primed by Ryman; the overlayed grid of fine pencil lines, the remarkably lively but still open application of oil paint, the dating or signature. Even the mostly white painted nails fixing the painting to the wall are not hammered in fully in order to leave a dark shadow on the painting surface as another compositorial element.
On the top edge Ryman attached a strip of wax paper, which expands the fiberglass upwards and is casually stapled to the wall. The soft reflections of the wax paper extend even more the wide range of light absorption and reflection on the painting surface and gives the works a movement towards the spectator.
The catalogue to the exhibition in Schaffhausen with a text by Christel Raussmüller and a talk with Robert Ryman and Urs Raussmüller as well as illustrations of the Versions can be found in our bookshop. | <urn:uuid:2195884f-d4cd-4e29-a871-cd918a2e7965> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://raussmueller.org/?p=722 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954526 | 390 | 1.664063 | 2 |
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ABOUT THE RESEARCH
Healthy for 100? Healthy care in Singapore is an Economist Intelligence Unit report commissioned by Prudential Singapore. It is part of the Ready for 100 research programme, which examines the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for Singapore residents, businesses, healthcare practitioners and policymakers as people live longer.
Singapore’s population is both ageing rapidly and living longer. In 2015 11.7% of Singaporeans were 65 or older and the UN estimates that by 2035 this will more than double to 26.6%. Further, life expectancy has risen to 83.1 years in 2017—from 76.9 in 1997.
However, for people to enjoy extended lifespans, they need well-supported healthspans. This requires concerted effort from both residents and healthcare providers.
Singapore’s rapid ageing will accelerate in the coming 15 years, shifting the country’s disease load. In particular, a greater proportion of people will need to manage one or more chronic diseases.
Although the government has policies to prepare for this change, survey respondents remain uneasy about whether Singapore’s residents and other stakeholders are doing enough on prevention, the healthcare system and long-term care.
Addressing the rise in chronic disease and multi-morbidity will require shifting attention to growing medical costs and fragmentation within the healthcare system. A shift toward person-centred, value-based care—where care is based on the needs of the patient and payment aligned to health outcomes—would go far toward meeting both requirements. The government is moving in that direction, but the transition will be challenging.
Lifestyle modifcations, in order to prevent many chronic diseases, have improved in recent years but too many people— especially younger ones—are not proactive in these areas. In addition to its existing, substantial efforts, the government may wish to consider new kinds of initiatives and ones focused on younger people. Healthcare providers should also work more actively with individual residents on prevention.
The price of long-term care is high and likely to grow increasingly beyond reach. The government is taking steps to put in place mandatory savings and insurance, but no simple funding panacea exists. Greater use of in-home medical technology could likely contribute to a potential solution.
Introduction: The fruits of achievement
Singapore has seen substantial health system and public health success in recent decades. Its already good average life expectancy has not only been growing, but has done so faster than that of other high-longevity countries. In 1997, for example, Singaporeans on average lived 76.9 years. By 2017 however, life expectancy had risen to 83.1 years. Two decades from now, the UN projects that the country will have an average longevity of 86.2.
This greater life span and a long-term decline in the birth rate (which has recently stabilised at the low level of about 1.2 births per female) have together increased the proportion of the population aged 65 or over, or what the government calls “the silver generation”. In 1995 just 6.4% of Singaporeans were in this group; by 2015, it was 11.7%. The UN projects that by 2035 this will more than double to 26.6%. By that year, one in 90 of the population will be 90 years old or older.
The health system has, to date, coped well. Indeed, over the past decade and a half, healthy life years have risen very slightly faster than life expectancy itself.
Now, though, ageing in Singapore is accelerating rapidly. In the coming decades, its speed will be “historically unprecedented”, according to Jeremy Lim, partner and head of health and life sciences, Asia Pacific, at Oliver Wyman. The country’s percentage point increase in the population over 65 between 1995 and 2015 was the 17th quickest in the world. In the two following decades, the UN projects it to be the fastest that any country has seen over such a period, and more than three times the global average.
The transformed health challenge
Lim Wee Shiong, a senior consultant at the Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing in Tan Tock Seng Hospital, explains that the population ageing occurring in Singapore is part of a “worldwide success story and a worldwide health conundrum.” The older population is not inherently unhealthy but has specific medical needs different from those Singapore has faced in the past, such as more co-existent chronic diseases and a greater prevalence of certain diseases such as dementia.
Janice Chia, founder and managing director at Ageing Asia, an ageing market consultancy social enterprise, agrees: “One of the biggest challenges facing Singapore is how we are going to prepare to help people living longer and therefore facing a longer duration of time when they have chronic diseases that need management.”
Phua Tien Beng, CEO of the Singapore operations division of Parkway Pantai, one of the country’s largest private hospital groups, adds that although Singapore engages in extensive long-term planning, ageing-related shifts would “add strain to the healthcare provision of any nation”.
One measure of disease burden, Years Lived with Disability (YLD)—the average number of years lived with a disability or any longterm medical condition—illustrates how the chronic disease challenge has already grown. The accompanying charts show the steady rise in YLDs per 100,000 people of one of the most prevalent health issues for the ageing population in Singapore—cardiovascular disease. Between 1990 and 2016 almost a third more people became afflicted, with the figure rising from 356 YLDs per 100,000 in 1990 to 529 YLDs per 100,000 in 2016.
Adding to the complications that this growing incidence brings is the number of older individuals who develop more than one chronic condition—called multi-morbidity. Over half of Singapore’s residents that are older than 60 fall into this category.5 Often this involves patients with not simply two diseases but more, adding to the complexity of providing care. Mr Phua explains that “if you look at anyone above 65, they probably have several chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol, to name just a few.”
For such individuals, appropriate care requires not just expertise in specific conditions but also in how to simultaneously treat several diseases without unintended side effects or drug interactions. This typically requires care personalised to the individuals’ specific situation.
Accordingly, notes Ms Chia, “ageing is not just a question of medical services but of whole-of-life wellness: how do you keep older persons engaged to be motivated to stay healthier and active?” This includes, among other things, providing the growing proportion of the population reaching older years with appropriate levels of long-term, social care and support—whether at home or in specialist facilities. Though not strictly a medical intervention, such care is essential in many cases for maintaining health and overall quality of life.
Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Limited 2018. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:f3698fda-570c-44e1-8eff-c11eb6394eee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://readyfor100.economist.com/whitepaper-healthcare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949799 | 1,610 | 1.929688 | 2 |
This week marks the 43rd year of recognizing Medical Laboratory Professionals Week. The clinical laboratory professional conducts the scientific tests that provide vital laboratory results, without which doctors would lack the meaningful information needed to treat their patients efficiently and effectively.
On Tuesday, Pittsburgh City Councilman Corey O’Connor read a proclamation commemorating this week as “Medical Laboratory Professionals Week” in Pittsburgh. A group of UPMC lab personnel attended the reading, and participated in a photo opportunity with O’Connor.
Since its origination in the 1920s, this profession has grown in size and importance. Today, more than 300,000 individuals are employed as medical technologists and technicians in the United States and the profession is anticipated to grow 13 percent over the next 10 years.
Clinical laboratory personnel may have little to no direct patient contact. Instead, the focus is on utilizing technical skills required for reporting reliable test results that are of vital importance to the rest of the health care management team and the patient. These workers do much more than just operate the various new and emerging technologies that make diagnostics more efficient; the many specialized subdivisions of this profession are comprised of trained and talented individuals who are helping to shape the fields as they continue to grow.
The term “Medical Laboratory Professional” is a generic label for those dedicated to working in any of the many disciplines within the field of Clinical Laboratory Science — medical technicians, medical technologists, clinical pathologists and others. These jobs require varied degrees and certifications. Many colleges offer associate degrees for medical technicians, while others partner with certificate programs for medical technologists who are completing baccalaureate degrees. Advanced degrees are available in many fields of study, as are specialist certifications by accrediting organizations. Medical professionals are employed in hospitals, research facilities, physician offices and reference laboratories.
Educational programs are an important part of National Laboratory Professionals Week, such as those that encourage students to enter the laboratory field as a career. Many annual festivities and events are organized to increase public awareness, including The American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science’s Lab Week Run, which is a virtual 5K in which anyone can participate. Curious to know more about lab week? Check out the hashtags #LabWeek and #Lab4Life on your favorite social media outlet and browse the results.
This year’s lab week celebration theme is Star Lab. In the UPMC Clinical Laboratory Building, staff will participate in various contests and activities throughout the week, enjoy a lunch, and on Friday will be able to dress-down and wear a science fiction-themed T-shirt, such as “Star Trek” or “Star Wars” under their scrubs.
Mollie Wilson and Alice Kruse are medical technologists at UPMC. | <urn:uuid:68b6a455-4964-4bc6-ab53-067ae5c7c5c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inside.upmc.com/medical-laboratory-professionals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954256 | 573 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Electrical and Lighting Considerations when Building or Setting up a Recording Studio
TL; DR: Fluorescent bad, dimmer questionable, lamp good. Grounded AC power: Also good 🙂
All studios start out as a mess of wires in the back of a desk filled with stuff. Somehow everything gets plugged into a circuit breaker strip. Eventually you may run out of wires or trip a breaker if you put everything on one circuit. Without properly grounded AC power, electricity in the studio can be deadly, when you you talk about plugging in older amplifiers, and dusty beer soaked wires with the plastic insulation all cracked and dried out, a simple circuit breaker strip or rack mount Furman power supply are popular ways to make more areas to plug things in. Usually a few 15A circuits for musicians, and a few 15A or more circuits for the audio and recording equipment is enough, but keeping LIGHTS and AUDIO separate is usually a good idea, especially when dealing with guitars. Using as many grounded and shielded audio cables (Such as XLR, can help eliminate that stubborn hum in your older guitar. You may want to put some mood lighting or spots to help feel the vibe, but using fluorescent lighting isn’t great for recording Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), and some cheap dimmers may buzz or make the lights or amplifiers hum.
Recording Studio Lighting Temperature
Studio lighting should be on a separate circuit than the audio equipment and amplifiers. RFI and EMI (Electromagnetic interference) are a part of everyday life, so using a Furman Power Conditioner, or using Battery Backup (UPS) power is a good idea for sensitive recording equipment. Keeping studio lighting chill and in the vibe is important, so if harsh fluorescent lights are already in place, consider a a secondary “mood” lighting with a warmer feel. Clip on lights with incandescent bulbs can be used for an inexpensive option, but the temperature and power consumption may be better with COB or LED lights. Color temperature ranges from 3000k to 2500k for most bulbs, with the 3000k being a brighter blue light and with 2500k being a much warmer light. Some people swear by bright 3000k task lighting which gives a bright awakening energy, where as 2500k bulbs give a warmer, sleepier vibe.
Natural Lighting, Track Lighting, LEDs, Spots vs Wide angle bulbs, Lamps, Lamps, Lamps
Some engineers rave about the positive effects of natural lighting in the studio. If a window or brighter lights can be incorporated into your studio design go for it. It is very energizing and dim lighting can make everyone sleepy after awhile. However, in a metropolitan area, you’ll usually find windows are the enemy, because one loud chopper motorcycle goes by when you’re recording the flute and you might be doing another take.
Track lighting with spots on the important stuff like console, keyboard, lighting for reading or generally working around the studio can be important to being able to see what your doing. A few wide angle bulbs to illuminate the corners and more focused light on some of the controls is popular. Track lighting can use LED, or incandescent bulbs, and generally is better for interference blocking than Fluorescent bulbs with no ground (3rd green neutral wire).
LEDs and COB (Chip on Board) lighting can save a lot of power and heat over halogen or regular tungsten incandescent lamps. A few little moody lamps are usually nice for a home like vibe. Try strip lighting or small modules that can be stuck underneath the edge of stuff.
LED or Fluorescent lighting can flicker in video, so a few older options for lighting is usually wise if you’re trying to do video or take decent pictures.
Dimmers (What To look for in Problems with lighting and Dimmer Interference)
Most cheap dimmers work by just chopping off a little of the top of the sine wave of the AC 110V coming out of the wall. This results in horrible square wave in the power line and can resonate other devices, resulting in gross noise in the audio signal. Metal shielding like conduit is great at blocking this interference. Fancier dimmers that feature a VARIAC, or more complex circuit can greatly reduce noise from dimmers picked up in the signal of guitars. In addition, low voltage DC lighting such as 12V DC has virtually no interference versus a fluorescent lighting ballast that has a voltage surge of around 600 volts when someone flicks on the light switch.
What To Do If you hear a buzzing in your guitar or bass amp setup
Try switching off some suspect motors, lighting, or other likely culprits, as well as moving the device to a different circuit can help with troubleshooting. If the amplifier is plugged into any pedals or cords, try plugging the guitar directly in and see if that helps. Some crappy stomp boxes have no shielding or sketchy gain circuits. Rotating the gain knob on the amp, or guitar can help determine whether the buzzing is coming from the guitar or the amp. Guitar cables fail all the time, and jacks wear out and need repair. Testing with multiple cables and different guitars, will often times help determine whether its the guitar or amp or the cable. Some Telecasters or similar single coil pickups are notorious for being noisy and buzzy. The Humbucker pickup became popular for its hum rejection properties, and a more modern guitar like a newer Les Paul maybe much less buzzy.
As a last resort, sometimes a ground lift (AKA 3 prong to 2 prong adaptor plug) can be used to get a stubborn buzzy amplifier to work. This can be potentially dangerous and people have died from electric shock when something when wrong with the amp wiring so use this “hack” at your own risk. Always use Grounded plugs whenever possible, and don’t mess around with mains voltages if you aren’t careful.
Power Consideration for Recording Studios
A regular 100a or 400A breaker box is usually sufficient for a large setup. Several 15A circuits for lights, and several 15A circuits for the stage or performance space. A separate circuit for any heavy duty power amplifiers or power supplies is also wise. For a large commercial venue, a dedicated 100A circuit for lighting or a “breakout” for “distro” is sometimes used. A 5000 watt or 10,000 watt light is not unheard of in the photography or film world, so make sure any video or photography lighting rig is plugged into a circuit separate from your recording stuff! A big light bulb can trip the breaker, and if the computer and console are on that without any backup power, you’re going to be in for a bad surprise.
It may be necessary to keep guitar pedal boards and guitar amplifiers on the same circuit, or keep the computer and mixing board on the same or separate circuits in the recording studio.
UPS battery backup and Other Alternative Sources Power
UPS or Uninterruptible Power supply or battery backup is essential if you are trying to get serious about your studio. Having a few minutes to SAVE what you’re working on. Peace of mind and the benefits of clean, stable, filtered, regulated, AC power makes a UPS on at least the computer a must have. Most studios are power hogs. Some engineers like to leave everything on 24/7 for long term gear stability, so Solar or Wind power could be a great way to save on electricity, with the added benefit of a large battery system that can function as a UPS. | <urn:uuid:2277df5b-5d9f-41b2-b7ac-348afb26864c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://badracket.com/electrical-and-lighting-considerations-when-building-your-recording-studio/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.926684 | 1,565 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Guest post by Guy Mendilow
Our world is so different from the world of the former Ottoman Empire, where many of the songs on our new album, The Forgotten Kingdom, arose. Traditional contexts for singing these songs — in the home, in community events — have all but vanished thanks to wars, immigration, and massive societal changes. So how do you bring songs from long ago and far away to a modern, savvy audience?
My colleague, Andy Reiner, said it well: There are cultural curators, whose job is to present a song in a way that captures a specific moment rooted in a particular time and place, and there are artistic creators, who create something new, based on their own experience. I think it’s fair to say we can take these as polar extremes, and that artists dealing with traditional material situate somewhere on the spectrum between them. It’s important for such artists to be up front with themselves and their audiences about their place on that spectrum. As Petrarch said, you “call a fig a fig.”
For any artist working with traditional material, knowing the tradition, knowing the history, is a basic prerequisite. If you haven’t grown up with those traditions, it’s incumbent on you to read, to watch, to listen. And there aren’t good excuses. If you cannot actually work directly with living culture bearers, you work with the next best thing: video and audio documenting those culture bearers.
And this is where I’d like to start.
The first track from The Forgotten Kingdom we’ll feature is Esta Montaña D’Enfrente (The Mountain Ahead Burns).
Here is a field recording, made in 1978, of Levi Ester, singing this song as she might have heard it in her home in Silivria, Turkey in the early 20th century.
Have a listen:
This is a good example of a fairly modern (i.e. late 19th century/early 20th century) Sephardi cantiga — a topical song dealing with popular issues like love (or in this case lost love). These songs were most often sung by women, and, as you can hear in this field recording, they were most often sung a capella. That’s not necessarily because the women who sang these songs wouldn’t have wanted an accompaniment. It’s just that they often sang them in situations where accompaniment was not practical: like in the home, while doing a bazillion different household things. You’ll notice also that the singer here is not necessarily a professional. And, for the most part, these songs weren’t sung by pros. They belonged to the community, in an intimate sort of way. This meant also that individual singers felt free to make changes to the lyrics, or to the melodies, according to their own aesthetics.
Take a look at the lyrics of this song:
Esta muntanya d'enfrente
S'asiende i va kemando.
Ayí pedrí al mi amor,
M'asento i vo yorando.
Sekretos kero deskuvrir,
Sekretos de mi vida.
El sielo kero por papel,
La mar kero por tinta.
Los arvolés por pendolás,
Para eskrivir mis males,
No ay ken sepa mi dolor,
Ni ajenos ni parientes.
The mountain ahead
ignites and burns.
That’s where I lost my love
That’s where I sit and weep
There are secrets I would discover.
Secrets of my life.
I would have the sky for paper,
And the sea for ink.
The trees as my pen,
I write my suffering
I’ve suffered more than anyone can know.
Not my neighbors or my family.
And now we leave tradition. Now I put away the research. And I just gotta say: Whoa. This is no ordinary ditty. Can you imagine coming to a place in your life when these sentiments become your conviction? What brings you to such a place? What loss, what grief?
Once, in Seville, I had the good fortune of being brought to an unmarked speakeasy in the Triana neighborhood. It operated from midnight to three am. Only locals knew about it. Smoky, cluttered with old, gritty wood tables and chairs, stained floors. There were two or three guitarists. There’d be conversation and then someone would start singing, and first one and then the other guitarists would join in. The singer started seated, but, almost inevitably, the raw intensity of her singing would bring her to her feet. The atmosphere was charged, electric. The way they sang, the rhythmic clapping, the low lights — staying up all night, alone in the streets, awake, alive! This was far from the flamenco most tourists caught in the local theatre. I never found out whether these were pros or not, and I'm not sure it matters, but I can tell you that the kind of edge-of-your-seat urgency of those voices in that room struck a powerful impression.
Years later, I wanted to set this song, Esta Montaña D'Enfrente, there, with that kind of reckless careening, that kind of fire. Is it traditional Ladino? Absolutely not. But, I hope, it makes this story resonant.
You be the judge. Here is the result:
I hope you’ll enjoy. | <urn:uuid:36bc121a-5de7-4a7a-a7f1-cc59168a79ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://judaicstudies.uconn.edu/2017/10/22/backstage-tour-of-the-forgotten-kingdom-part-1-the-mountain-ahead-burns/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944783 | 1,199 | 2.21875 | 2 |
As predicted, that speech on “Europe” delivered by David Cameron at eight o’clock on Wednesday morning put one in mind of the White Queen’s boast that she could “believe six impossible things before breakfast”.
He wanted us to believe that he could persuade the EU to change its nature and the purposes for which it has been built up over 60 years. He wanted us to believe that it could breach its core rule that powers of government once surrendered to Brussels are never handed back; and that he can somehow persuade Brussels, and the other 26 members, to allow us to retain full membership, while opting out of much else except the right to continue trading freely in the single market.
He would also have us believe that he can win the next election on the promise of such negotiations, and that they could be completed by 2017, to be part of a new treaty the EU is planning, for quite different purposes – even though the requirements for such a treaty, including a lengthy intergovernmental conference, could not possibly be completed by that date.
Finally, he wished us to believe that the results could then be put to the British people in a referendum, without telling us what the question might be if his negotiations fail.
However, the moment that above all showed Mr Cameron as living in cloud cuckoo land was when he dismissed the idea of Britain gaining the kind of trading relationship with the EU that Norway has, as a member of the European Free Trade Area (Efta); because, he said, although Norway has full access to the single market, “it has no say at all in setting its rules”.
Like many other people, Mr Cameron is clearly unaware that recent years have seen a mighty and accelerating revolution in the way that rules are made in our globalised world. A huge proportion of the regulations governing the single market now originate from global bodies even higher than the EU; and in the tortuous process of shaping those rules, Norway is not only a very active player but also enjoys more influence, as an independent country, than we do. Britain is increasingly represented on these bodies only as part of the EU, on the basis of a “common position” agreed by majority voting, where we are just one of 27 member states, with 8 per cent of the votes.
Rather than seeing Brussels as the source of many of our laws, we should be looking at another European city, Geneva, where vast buildings house the largest number of UN employees on the planet (34 organisations, comprising the United Nations Office at Geneva, or Unog) and such powerful bodies as the World Trade Organisation, the World Health Organisation, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the UN’s Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the International Standards Organisation, and the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with its sponsoring bodies, the World Meteorological Organisation and the UN Environment Programme, to name but a few.
It is bodies such as these that set in train the process that, down the line, results in a great many of the regulations that emerge from Brussels. The famous working-time directives, for instance, derive in large part from the ILO, set up in 1919 by the Versailles Treaty, Article 13, which actually included the promise of a 48-hour week.
The vast thicket of EU technical standards dictating every detail of how motor vehicles are made now originate from UNECE, a body in which Norway is an active participant, even though it has no motor industry – while Britain, which last year produced a record 1.5 million vehicles, is only represented by the EU.
When it comes to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), whose subsidiaries set global standards on food safety, plant health and animal welfare, Norway, with its worldwide fishing interests, actually chairs and plays host to the powerful committee on fish and fisheries products. It played a leading role in setting the rules controlling Antarctic krill fishing, providing food for the world’s fish farms, another big Norwegian interest – while our own Scottish fish farmers must merely comply with the resulting regulations passed down to us by Brussels.
Last week, I referred to an Efta report that shows that more than 90 per cent of the regulations of the single market cover policy areas that are ultimately the province of global bodies, from the immense array of technical standards to the rules governing accountancy and the compiling of official statistics. Not only does Norway, acting in its own right, enjoy more influence on these international policy bodies than Britain; it also, as a member of Efta and the European Economic Area, even reserves the right to opt out of single-market rules that it considers damaging to its national interest.
When Royal Mail was forced by Brussels to put its bulk mail of items below 50g out to tender (thus costing it the most lucrative part of its business), Norway, realising that this would render its own postal service unviable, refused to comply.
Similarly, Norway is refusing to comply with new single-market regulations on the safety of oil rigs. Meanwhile, our own oil and gas industry says that it is “extremely concerned” that the EU rules will “dismantle the UK’s world-class safety regime, which is built on decades of experience”. Although the UK Government agrees, it is likely to be outvoted in Brussels and our industry will have to obey. (For further details on this and other examples, see Richard North’s EU Referendum blog.)
When Mr Cameron insists that he wants Britain to negotiate a wholly new relationship with the EU, “with the single market at its heart”, he clearly hasn’t begun to understand that this is precisely the position enjoyed by Norway. Whether we would wish to follow Norway’s example in all respects is a matter for debate. But the irony is, as I have observed before, that the only way for Mr Cameron to get the results he outlined last week would be to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. This alone would compel the EU to negotiate with us. But first he would have to announce that Britain wishes to leave the EU, the one course he has already ruled out.
Without that, the rest is just pie in the sky. It will not bring him a single one of those “six impossible things” he wanted us to believe before breakfast on Wednesday morning.
Obama speaks: the evidence is overwhelmed
President Obama suggested in his second inaugural speech that God expects us to “preserve our planet” by taking steps to combat “the threat of climate change”. “Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science,” he said, “but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires and crippling droughts and more powerful storms.”
He seemed clearly to be blaming man-made climate change for the fact that his country last year endured its worst drought for 75 years; for Storm Sandy, which flooded New York; and for a record acreage of forest lost to fires. But one wonders how closely Mr Obama consulted “the overwhelming judgment of science” on these matters.
The Palmer Drought Severity Index shows no rising trend of drought in the US since the 1880s (the 1930s Dust Bowl disaster long preceding the scare over global warming). Figures from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration similarly show no rising trend in US hurricane activity (more intense in the 1950s than in recent years). As for forest fires, there are many experts (as in Australia and Spain) who argue that much of the increase in fire damage is due to pressure from “green” environmentalists to forbid the clearing of underbrush, which encourages fires to spread quicker and further than proper woodland management would allow.
I am not sure that the President’s wish to see yet more subsidies poured into windmills and solar panels will do as much to change the Earth’s climate as he fondly believes.
More is less for Osborne
George Osborne in Davos was again trumpeting the success of his efforts to cut Britain’s “deficit”. It was unfortunate that this coincided with the news that the further £15.4 billion he had to borrow in November marked the sixth month running when public borrowing was higher than the same month last year. So, as spending continues to rise and taxes to fall, that deficit he claims to have cut by a quarter is now wider than ever. But don’t tell the cuts-obsessed BBC. | <urn:uuid:9af39a9a-9c8f-4b21-b8d6-cbff16e6aadc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/9828433/Forget-Brussels-now-we-are-ruled-by-the-giants-of-Geneva.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967794 | 1,766 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Modi must reverse the sectarian polarisation, rein in the hate-spewing Hindutva mobs and practice as well as preach inclusion.
India is the world’s biggest democracy, and then some: the size of its electorate is bigger than all the Western countries combined. Just the number of Indian Muslim voters exceeds the total number of voters in all Western countries other than the US.
In common with nationalist parties everywhere, Modi’s BJP projects itself as the party of muscular nationalism and derides other parties, especially the Indian National Congress party, for being too ashamed to adopt the outward symbols of national pride. It came as a rude shock therefore when students, women and other protestors across the country, including Muslims in particular, appropriated the nationalist symbols with spontaneity and gaiety to celebrate their core Indianness. The tricolour was adopted as the symbol of the protest, the national anthem became its song, and the Preamble to the Constitution the vocabulary. On Republic Day, Jamia Millia students read aloud in public spaces the Preamble to the Constitution – which proclaims liberty, equality, justice and fraternity for all Indians and respect for all faiths – in Hindi, English and Urdu (the language of India’s Muslims) before raising the tricolour and singing the national anthem.
In the process the women and the youth of India articulated a counter-narrative of patriotism and reset the terms of engagement between citizens, the government and the Constitution. This is all the more striking for diverging from the trend to identitarian politics in many contemporary Western democratic societies, for example the ‘Great Replacement’ theory propounded by Frenchman Renaud Camus. The BJP’s slogan of ‘Akhand Bharat’ (indivisible India) has an external reference point: India’s territorial integrity is sacrosanct and no foreign power will be allowed to break apart any part of it. The protestors ‘domesticated’ the slogan: no Indian political party will be allowed to threaten the national integration of India by labelling and compartmentalising them into identity groups divided by religion and caste.
The country’s unity thus becomes a sacred obligation entrusted by the Constitution to every citizen. The hijab-clad and tricolour-draped young Muslim women challenged Modi’s December 2019 dog-whistling narrative directly by instrumentalising the Constitution for framing their engagement with democratic politics. Furthermore, and just as important, they articulated their demands and asserted their rights as Indians, but without sacrificing their Muslim identity. And by directing their demands and rights at the elected government, they expanded the conception of liberal democracy once again, rescuing it from the majoritarian trap into which the Modi government had put it.
In other words, democracy, citizenship, constitutional governance and minority rights are all forged into one powerful national identity. They emphatically and visually rejected the BJP’s efforts to downsize their destiny as India’s Muslims and instead reimagined the idea of a liberal, pluralistic, tolerant and inclusive India embodied in the Constitution.
A Revolution of Aspirations as Indian Muslims
This is revolutionary, for the government had put on notice the whole notion of citizenship in modern India as a legal status, a bundle of entitlements and rights, and as civic identity and belonging to one’s homeland as a birthright. Refusing to be pigeonholed into victimhood and to be shorn of agency, they expanded the BJP’s political agenda to challenge PM Modi: what kind of India do you want? One trapped in the prison of past glory, where ancient Hindu texts replace modern science and technology in the classrooms; addressing Parliament on 12 December, a BJP MP claimed that speaking in Sanskrit can keep diabetes and cholesterol under control (he spoke in Hindi). Or one that puts in place policy settings to maintain social cohesion today and achieve greatness tomorrow? A direct consequence of this is that the tables were turned and the BJP and Modi government stood accused of constituting a clear and present danger to the Constitution, national unity and territorial integrity of India.
The protestors picked up yet another rousing song called azadi. The literal translation of the single word is freedom, but as a concept it is multidimensional and includes the historical weight of India’s independence struggle as well as freedom from want, violence, oppression, inequality and discrimination. And thus it is that the words of the song referenced the azadi of B. R. Ambedkar, the dalit leader who drafted the Constitution, as well as Gandhi who preached and died for inter-faith harmony, social cohesion and an end to the all-pervading indignity of poverty.
Citizenship in the democratic Republic of India was forged in the crucible of the independence struggle – ‘azadi’ from British colonial rule – that was essentially a mass civil disobedience movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. Thus, the wellsprings of legitimacy of the strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience lie in nationalist origins and are fused inseparably into the drive for full citizenship in a free India. This makes it impossible for any Indian government to discredit and delegitimize dissent expressed through peaceful mass mobilisation. Protests and civil disobedience are potent symbols of collective aspirations of the community for a new, better and brighter India.
Patriotism was disconnected by the protestors from sectarian identity based on religion and caste and relocated in the Constitution. The protests sparked a sustained debate on the nature and meaning of the Indian Constitution and the rights and protections conferred on citizens and minority groups. In that sense they became powerful and effective instruments of mass civic education on citizenship in a liberal democracy. Therein lies the Gandhian political genius of dressing the protests in the national flag, anthem and Constitution. As the veteran journalist Shekhar Gupta noted, India’s core attributes as a global brand include an argumentative democracy, an opinionated society, a chaotic and cluttered but nonetheless inclusive governance, and living in comfortable ease with diversity.
International Reputational Damage to ‘Brand India’
Refusing to learn, of late BJP stooges have even gone after Amartya Sen, one of India’s rare Nobel laureates, because he has been critical of Modi’s economic and social policies. Based on what, prima facie, look to be trumped up charges of land misappropriation, an éminence grise who should inspire national pride is to be dragged into the gutter to be ritually shamed and humiliated. Nor do the Hindu zealots spare Muslim war heroes. Brigadier Mohammad Usman, a decorated war hero from the 1947–48 war with Pakistan over Kashmir, is buried in a cemetery in Delhi. In December his grave was vandalised by miscreants but the Indian Army carried out the necessary restoration work promptly.
The Citizen Amendment Act and the National Register of Citizens (CAA-NRC) issue has split Indians at home and the diaspora abroad, risking dismemberment by undermining social cohesion, political stability and economic recovery, while draining diplomatic capital. The contrast could not be starker between the frisson of excitement in the year following Modi’s 2014 victory and the escalating concerns over his authoritarian instincts today. India’s global influence expanded rapidly in the 21st century with impressive economic growth; an overdue acknowledgment of its vibrant pluralistic democracy; the growing recognition that India’s Muslims had successfully integrated into the Republic’s secular democracy to constitute an effective bulwark against the spread of Islamist radicalism southeast from Afghanistan-Pakistan; and the emergence of its diaspora as an increasingly influential lobby in several key countries.
Modi managed to reposition India as a counterpoint to Pakistan just when New Delhi had succeeded in distancing itself from the old lazy habit of outsiders always hyphenating it with Islamabad. Good relations with Bangladesh was just another roadkill on the Hindutva highway. In September 2018, Home Minister Amit Shah – the second most powerful politician in the country – used the language of ‘termites’ for allegedly illegal Bangladeshi immigrants who would be thrown into the Bay of Bengal. Amidst the turmoil of the CAA-NRC controversy, an irritable Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen told the Dhaka Tribune on 10 December 2019: ‘They have many problems within their country. Let them fight among themselves’. Pakistan’s schadenfreude at India’s own goal was palpable.
In the US, especially after the crude embrace of Trump at the ‘Howdy, Modi’ event in September 2019, the two-decade-old bipartisan pro-India consensus was shattered with growing hostility in the Democrat-controlled House. Representative Pramila Jayapal (D) – the first Indo-American woman elected to the House who was shunned by India’s foreign minister during a US tour – promised to persist with her attempts to hold India accountable for alleged human rights abuses. From January 2021 the Democrats have control of both houses of Congress and also the White House and Kamala Harris, whose mother was Indian and who too has been critical of India’s drift from human rights standards under Modi, is the Vice President. The ripples have also spread to Europe and the UK. International investor confidence will take a big hit with the escalation of religious tensions.
Back to the Future
Before the painstakingly curated goodwill, respect and admiration for India dissipates completely, Modi must urgently restore a functioning system of domestic political accommodation and economic vitality. The ‘strongman’ Modi government has been sacrificing respect for legitimate authority. After the first iteration of a strict lockdown to combat the coronavirus pandemic in March 2020 which banned interstate movement of people, thousands of suddenly unemployed and stranded migrant labourers set out on foot, carrying their children, to walk hundreds of miles to their home villages in mass defiance of the draconian rules. People who become used to resisting citizenship, religiously discriminatory laws and coronavirus diktats will now find it easier to evade other, less arbitrary regulations in the future, to ignore and challenge the idea of authority, and to deepen their contempt for politicians who make arbitrary laws. When a critical mass of people begins to regard laws as arbitrary, unjust, intrusive and infantilising, they will defy them. Unless they are all charged, convicted and punished – an impossible condition with masses of people – this will degrade the whole rule of law.
China’s Communist Party never admits to mistakes but always learns from them. India’s PM Modi never admits to mistakes and seems too stubborn to learn from them. He calls to mind Barbara Tuchman’s description of Philip II of Spain: ‘No experience of the failure of his policy could shake his belief in its essential excellence’. The transition to a post-Nehruvian order will require the ‘politics of trust, credibility, inclusion and consensus building’, says Yamini Aiyar, president of the Centre for Policy Research, a think tank in New Delhi. ‘A divisive, polarizing rhetoric, populist leadership and coercion can help propel parties to power’, but will not be sufficient to create a self-sustaining social and political cohesion. ‘The government may still brazen it out, but the policy agenda and credibility is considerably weakened’, she concludes.
It may be that Modi has come to realise the damage to external relations that has been caused by the domestic politics-focussed Hindutva agenda. He had gone out of his way in his first term to court Islamic and Arab countries like Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates with considerable success. All these initiatives were at serious risk of unravelling because of the Hindutva push. Modi’s speech at Aligarh Muslim University on 22 December 2020 was notably conciliatory.
When the Indian national anthem was sung at the start of the Australia-India cricket test match in Sydney on 7 January 2021, TV cameras zoomed in on the face of Mohammed Siraj, the son of an auto-rickshaw driver from Hyderabad playing in his first series in national colours. Tears rolled silently and poignantly down his face as the emotional weight of the symbolism hit home. But to Hindutva fanatics, his loyalty to the country of his birth and that of his ancestors for several generations will always be suspect. Modi must reverse the sectarian polarisation, rein in the hate-spewing Hindutva mobs and practice as well as preach inclusion. An excellent role model for him to emulate is New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern whose brilliant performance in the immediate aftermath of the Christchurch mosque massacres in March drew global praise. Three snapshots will illustrate the point, as indeed photos of all three illustrations went viral around the world. Her tag line ‘They are us’ was a powerfully resonant bumper sticker slogan for encapsulating inclusiveness of the Muslim minority. She wore a hijab when visiting the mosque. Modi has donned many a colourful headgear over the last five years but not once has he appeared in a skull cap – and the snub has been noticed. And, Ardern instinctively reached out and physically embraced Muslim men and women survivors and relatives of the massacre.
Delivering the annual Gandhi Peace Foundation lecture on Gandhi’s birth anniversary on 2 October 2020 in New Delhi, prominent activist-lawyer Prashant Bhushan described the serial attacks by the Modi government’s hit squads on minorities and journalists who question the fundamentally discriminatory laws and the creeping encroachment on the independence of institutions as ‘an assault on dissent by the use of fundamentally unjust laws’. He concluded that were Gandhi alive today: ‘He would have lauded and led the protests and would surely have launched a Jail Bharo Andolan, daring the government to incarcerate millions of peaceful protesters from across the country. It is this courage in adversity that Gandhi would have displayed in leading India today’ – as indeed did the ladies of Shaheen Bagh a year ago.
This is an extract from an article posted by the Toda Peace Institute in February 2022 ,’They called us Illegal. How is it possible?’ | <urn:uuid:de3669d1-6ea4-48c4-bd58-41401f886412> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johnmenadue.com/modi-and-the-polarisation-of-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953078 | 2,928 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Op-Ed: Financial tips for a minimalistic living
It is very likely that you have heard “We must achieve more with less” and, when we talk about staying productive, organized and financially focused, this can be a GREAT challenge in times where technology reigns, and our economy is a vital aspect to consider in our daily lives.
It is also very possible that you feel that you work or live in a space full of distractions, you buy many things that you do not need to then leave them beguiled, but although you want to change that behavior, the reality is that we live surrounded by mass marketing associated with consumption.
Don’t be alarmed, because if you want to start to take steps toward a simpler, organized and financially focused life, the following tips will help you evaluate minimalism as an alternative to your current lifestyle.
Tip # 1: Evaluate your possibilities
“You are not richer for having more, but for needing less.” This lifestyle is carried out by applying this quote to your day-to-day expenses, understanding that if you cannot pay it, you should not buy it. Assessing your possibilities means living under your economic reality and planning smart purchases based on your current personal budget. That does not mean that you will never get what you want or need so bad but … learn to be patient and invest more in quality NOT in quantity of products.
Tip # 2: Take an inventory of what you own and get rid of what you don’t need
Do the planet and you a great favor. Just like monitoring your expenses in a Log of Daily Expenses, it is very important to know where your money is going, to make an inventory of everything you have to keep only what fulfills you.
Understanding what brings you even closer to your goal and/or what you really need, not only will it help you integrate simplicity, focus and organization into your life, but you will be greatly supporting the planet, by selling or donating products that you no longer need, giving it a second chance of use, versus unplanned shopping and contributing to excessive consumption that affects the environment so much.
Tip # 3: Don’t touch! Avoid impulsive purchases
Did you know that touching a product increases the likelihood that you buy it even if you don’t really need it? This is called the Perceived Value, since, when we touch an object, we begin to create an emotional connection with it that later makes the detachment process more difficult.
So, if you are walking down the aisle of any establishment, stay true to your shopping list and don’t be unfaithful, financially speaking. | <urn:uuid:2ae6df85-953c-491f-8708-2bb3ab994142> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsismybusiness.com/op-ed-financial-tips-for-a-minimalistic-living/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959049 | 549 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Factchecking Yogi Adityanath's Claims On Crimes Against Women In UP
Mumbai: Courts in Uttar Pradesh (UP) have convicted 8,059 cases of crimes against women in 2019, show data from the National Crime Records Bureau. While this is the highest number of cases convicted in India in a state, its conviction rate - of 55.2% - in crimes against women, is fifth in the country. The four states/union territories above it - Puducherry, Mizoram, Manipur and Meghlaya - however, have much smaller court convictions and smaller base compared to that of UP, the NCRB report shows.
These figures were brought up by UP's Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in a tweet on October 4.
- UP's 8059 convictions of crimes against women is the highest in the country
- UP's conviction rate of 55.2% is the highest in the country
एन.सी.आर.बी. की वर्ष 2019 की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार महिलाओं के विरुद्ध अपराध के मामलों में प्रदेश में सजा का प्रतिशत 55.2% है, जो देश में सर्वाधिक है।उत्तर प्रदेश में महिला संबंधी अपराधों में वर्ष 2019 में 8,059 मामलों में दोषसिद्धि हुई है, जो देश में सर्वाधिक है। — CM Office, GoUP (@CMOfficeUP) October 4, 2020
एन.सी.आर.बी. की वर्ष 2019 की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार महिलाओं के विरुद्ध अपराध के मामलों में प्रदेश में सजा का प्रतिशत 55.2% है, जो देश में सर्वाधिक है।
उत्तर प्रदेश में महिला संबंधी अपराधों में वर्ष 2019 में 8,059 मामलों में दोषसिद्धि हुई है, जो देश में सर्वाधिक है।
According to the NCRB Report of 2019, the conviction percentage in the country is 55.2%, which is the highest in the country.
In Uttar Pradesh, 8,059 cases resulted in convictions, which is the highest in the country
'Crime In India' is the the NCRB's annual flagship publication reporting all crime statistics from around India pertaining to a particular calendar year. It carries data reported by state crime record bureaus. In 2019, Overall cases crimes against women in India grew 7.8% to 45,485 cases from 42,180 cases in 2018.
Adityanath's tweets come as the state grapples with a backlash it is facing over the alleged gangrape and death of an 18-year old girl in Hathras, whose body was cremated pre-dawn in an unusual move by the Uttar Pradesh police, paving the way for a lot of casteist friction to re-emerge in the state. UP's government told the Supreme Court of India that sections of media and rival political parties are peddling fake narratives to malign the government.
Claim 1: Courts convicted 8,059 cases in the UP in 2019, the highest in India.
This is true. NCRB 2019 data show that courts in UP did convict 8,059 cases that year, the highest number by courts in any one state or union territory in India. Of these 8,059 convictions, 7,248 convictions were made from cases from previous years, and 811 from cases filed in 2019.
Overall, UP is ahead of Rajasthan with 5,625 convictions, Madhya Pradesh with 4,191 convictions, Chattisgarh with 1,622 convictions and Delhi with 1467 convictions.
Claim 2: UP's 55.2% conviction rate of crimes against women is the highest in the country
This claim is misleading. UP has the 5th highest conviction rate in the country in 2019, according to the given NCRB data.
The NCRB 2019 defines the conviction rate as the ratio of the number of convictions carried out by courts in the state and the number of cases where trials were concluded.
Just like the NCRB provided a breakdown of cases where the conviction was done in cases from previous years and those in 2019, a breakdown is also provided of the cases going to trial. But such a breakdown is not provided for the cases where the trial was concluded, which is the sum of cases convicted, acquitted and discharged, making it tough to isolate a conviction rate for cases where the trial was concluded solely for 2019.
In previous year's, UP has similar or higher conviction rates (according to the corresponding years' NCRB reports, the data being available since 2016):
- 52.6% in 2016 (5,795 convictions to 11,007 cases in which trials were concluded)
- 66.4% in 2017 (9,031 convictions to 13,606 cases)
- 60.3% in 2018 (8,805 convictions to 14,604 cases)
The states (and union territory) with conviction rates higher that UP, however, are much smaller in size - namely Puducherry, Mizoram, Manipur and Meghalaya and thus have much smaller bases. Puducherry has a 100% conviction rate according to the data, but it has witnessed only 9 convictions. Similarly, Mizoram saw 88% conviction rate with 98 convictions out of a total 111 cases. Uttarakhand has the sixth highest conviction rate in the country, and presented below are the top 6 states by conviction rate.
The UP Directorate of Prosecutions also tweeted the number of convictions and the conviction rate with the added caveat that UP's conviction rate was among the highest among "bigger comparable" states in India.
Crime Against Women1. Conviction rate in UP is all India highest among bigger comparable states at 55.2 2. In number of cases convicted, UP is all India highest at 8059 followed by 5625 of Rajasthan and 4191 of Madhya Pradesh. — UP PROSECUTION (@UP_Prosecution) October 3, 2020
This claim is also true and here's how the conviction and the conviction rates stack up for the larger states in India.
This story first appeared on BOOM FactCheck.
We welcome feedback. Please write to firstname.lastname@example.org. We reserve the right to edit responses for language and grammar. | <urn:uuid:5c79429a-4b10-4487-8e2b-64fb6b96ffae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.factchecker.in/factchecking-yogi-adityanaths-claims-on-crimes-against-women-in-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.891851 | 1,901 | 1.960938 | 2 |
In the World Wellness Organization definition of health and wellness, “Wellness” indicates a state of full physical, mental, and also social health, free from disease, imperfection, and inability.” In addition, there are lots of various other definitions of health, including that of the American Academy of Pediatric Medicines. However, no single meaning is definitely correct or full. To better recognize the significance of wellness, let’s consider each of these definitions.
The World Health and wellness Organization has actually explained health as a “resource for society.” A healthy way of living allows a specific to live a complete life with definition and also function. One more meaning of wellness, developed by researchers in the journal Lancet, describes a person’s capacity to adapt to new dangers and imperfections. The modern meaning of wellness is a dynamic concept that mirrors the communications in between genetics, way of living, and also atmosphere. Despite the intricacy of the idea of health and wellness, it is vital to comprehend how it influences individuals.
The definition of wellness can differ significantly by region and environment. As an example, a delicate individual might endure a cardiovascular disease if they have to shovel snow, while a hill resident might develop anemia and also lack of breath. In these situations, a person’s health and wellness need to be defined according to just how well they stay in their surroundings. The World Health Company’s definition of health and wellness need to take these factors into factor to consider. It’s essential that the interpretation be inclusive, so that it mirrors the variety of human experience.
The Globe Health and wellness Company’s constitution was adopted in 1948, as well as recognises health as an essential human right. The constitution states: “The enjoyment of the highest possible achievable requirement of health is an essential human right. Everybody should have a healthy and balanced life.”
Along with talking about the results of the disease on a specific, health and wellness can additionally be determined quantitatively in regards to feature and the likelihood of an upcoming health problem. Measurements for health consist of the existence of signs and symptoms and research laboratory results. However, the interpretation of wellness must think about context and also sensations. It is important to think about the definition of health and wellness when considering the scenarios and also impacts of disease. As soon as an individual has been detected with an illness, they have to figure out just how best to live with the problem and also handle it.
The World Wellness Organization defines health as a state of physical, psychological, as well as social well-being that is free of disease, imperfection, and also impairment. This meaning is far from exact, as numerous clients live with diabetic issues and also back pain by taking medicine and also going through physical rehabilitation. While these people are in a state of physical as well as psychological wellness, they are not fully practical. There is a variety of meanings of health, and also it is very important to pick the one that matches your requirements.
The World Health Organisation’s interpretation of health and wellness is based upon the biopsychosocial model of disease, which incorporates physical, mental, and also social aspects of health and health and wellbeing. This meaning additionally links health with well-being, making it an essential part of human life. The World Health and wellness Organisation also defines health as a human right. It’s not merely an absence of illness, but a state of full wellness. This sight of health is troublesome for society due to the fact that it neglects the complexities of chronic diseases and disabilities.
In spite of the social determinants of health, it’s vital to remember that they’re related. Many individuals have the same genes, however genetics, environment, and also way of living factors can affect the outcome of health and wellness. Regardless of the differences between people’s genes, the social components of wellness have a large influence on the quality as well as quantity of health and wellness results. Also the high quality and also access of health services can impact an individual’s health. In Healthy and balanced Individuals 2020, health services will be straight dealt with in the interpretation of wellness and also are integrated throughout the different subject locations.
To show a health triangle, you can first utilize your own wellness examination rating. As an example, if you racked up five on your physical wellness test, you can draw the line from 5 to 5 on the mental health side. Next, attract a triangle linking both lines. Once you have a health and wellness triangle that accurately reflects your overall health, you can start boosting your overall wellness. If you need to know even more about the concept, keep reading!
A long-lasting difference in population health has actually existed for years. It’s now identified that individuals of shade have poorer wellness end results than whites. Data from prior to the COVID-19 pandemic shows that Black individuals have a lower life expectancy than Whites, and Black guys have the most affordable life span. For several years, this variation in wellness was widespread, but just lately has this phenomenon been addressed by federal government policymakers as well as companies.
As an individual ages, health and wellness is an ever-changing principle. We can choose to live a healthy lifestyle to stay clear of persistent disease, maintain an active mind, or simply keep our bodies and minds healthy. Yet if we forget our wellness, we run the risk of being much less efficient. Health and wellness is a balance in between physical, mental, as well as social well-being. It’s essential to eat well and get appropriate rest. By eating right and also alcohol consumption lots of water, you’ll improve your body’s functionality.
Today, health care includes a multitude of items as well as services. The medical care landscape consists of health insurance business, pharmaceutical business, pharmacies, business health systems, team investing in organizations, drug store advantage managers, as well as extra. In the past, medical care insurance policy was a relatively inexpensive stopgap measure implied to safeguard people versus expensive deadly illnesses. However, the system has actually expanded puffed up, pricey, and ineffective, largely incorporating itself into the definition of health care. But that doesn’t suggest health insurance is bad – it just suggests that it’s a tool for middlemen to earn money. Look at more info
The social factors of wellness consist of financial, political, cultural, and environmental factors. These variables effect people’s physical cosmetics and add to health and wellness variations. An absence of access to healthy food in grocery stores boosts an individual’s danger of heart problem, diabetes mellitus, and various other diseases. So while there is nobody excellent remedy to resolving health variations in our culture, there are points we can do to improve our lives and minimize the wellness risks for all individuals. | <urn:uuid:52a5118a-434b-4dc3-bbf6-a962d846c6a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ninjastarrecords.com/2022/07/13/new-words-about-health-that-will-turn-your-world-inverted/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.964443 | 1,407 | 3.578125 | 4 |
The village of Little London remembers the War Horse.
Pamber Parish Council, in Hampshire have unveiled Arthur the War Horse, a silhouette cut from 10mm steel plate, to commemorate not only the men and women who lost their lives in the Great War, but also, the horses, donkeys and mules that perished.
Local residents gathered at the Plough Inn, where the memorial is placed, to participate in the dedication ceremony conducted by Rev. John Lenton. The Act of Remembrance was delivered by John Delafield and Rhydian Vaughan ended the service with the Kohima Epitaph. David Lee played the Last Post and Reveille after two minutes silence. The Little London Brewery supplied a special beer for the day “War Horse”, from which profits, together with a collection, will go to the Purple Poppy Fund.
The Memorial was unveiled by Cliff Butler and two of his grandchildren Caleb & Ezra Butler-Grant. Cliff is the grandson of Private Arthur Pearce, who was a regular soldier in the Royal Berkshire Regiment at the onset of the Great War. The Regiment was part of the British Expeditionary Force sent over to the Western Front at the start of the War. Arthur was 27 when he was killed, possibly by a sniper, early in the conflict sometime around the Battle of Mons, and is buried at Ypres.
Before going to War, he lived with his wife and two daughters in one of the cottages in Little London opposite New Road. When he left for France, Arthur’s wife was pregnant with the son he never saw. Cliff and his family still live locally.
The silhouette was inspired by the War Horse Memorial in Ascot which is the first national monument dedicated exclusively to the millions of UK, Allied and Commonwealth horses, mules and donkeys lost during The Great War. It has been crafted from the original sketches made to produce Poppy the War Horse, with the full agreement and backing of the founders of War Horse Memorial.
This silhouette, together with the national monument in Ascot, pay tribute to the nobility, courage, unyielding loyalty and immeasurable contribution these animals played in giving us the freedom of democracy we all enjoy today. | <urn:uuid:9313f7b1-9b23-4f6d-974b-268164324df4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thewarhorsememorial.org/news/arthur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969659 | 450 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The Mozambique Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Area 1 Project and the African Development Bank have jointly received the prestigious Global Multilateral Deal of the Year 2020 award by the print and online publication Project Finance International (PFI).
The project, the single largest foreign direct investment in Africa to date with a value of over $24 billion, will exploit Mozambique’s immense offshore natural gas reserves, which can potentially transform global energy markets. The African Development Bank signed an agreement for a $400 million senior loan to finance the project in July 2020.
In signing the loan agreement, the African Development Bank joined a global syndication of commercial banks and export credit agencies that are providing financing. This financing includes direct loans as well as export credit agency-covered loans with 16- and 18-year tenors. The project is implemented by an international consortium of energy developers and operators led by Total as the operator of the project. It includes Mitsui, Oil India, Bharat Petroleum, PTTEP, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Mozambique’s national oil and gas company, Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos (ENH). The consortium is providing the balance of financing through equity. Financial closing on the project is expected in 2021.
Mozambique is expected to become one of the world’s largest LNG exporters. Its gas represents an important source of LNG supply diversification. The project will boost the country’s ability to meet energy demand through gas-fired electricity and will support its ambitious goal to provide universal access to energy to its citizens by 2030. The project can also potentially feed downstream industries that use natural gas, such as fertilizer and electricity producers. It can thus become an engine for agricultural development and trade across the Southern African Development Corporation region.
PFI is the leading source of intelligence on global project finance. In its award announcement, it noted that the project had faced many challenges in securing financing, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
“I still find it remarkable how so many project financings were transacted this year,” including the Mozambique LNG deal, said PFI’s Editor Rod Morrison.
“The multilaterals played a key role in getting the project financed,” Morrison said. In addition to the African Development Bank, PFI cited the participation of United States Export Import Bank and Japan Bank for International Cooperation as critical.
In addition to loan financing, the Bank played a lead role in ensuring the project’s compliance with strict environmental and social standards. It also invested in strengthening the capacity of small and medium enterprises to enter the project’s supply chains and promote good standards of governance and transparency in Mozambique.
Dr. Akinwumi A. Adesina, President of the African Development Bank, said: “I am delighted with the award of the Global Multilateral Deal of the Year 2020 to the African Development Bank and the Government of Mozambique LNG Area 1 Project, by Project Finance International. This great recognition reinforces the African Development Bank’s leadership and role in helping to structure financing and attract investments to Africa. The $24 billion project, which was structured at the Bank’s Africa Investment Forum, is Africa’s largest foreign direct investment. We will work with all partners to ensure that this project helps to unlock greater economic growth for Mozambique and benefits millions of people in the country, while building climate resilience.”
Overall, the project aligns with a number of the African Development Bank’s strategic goals and its country strategy for Mozambique and for Southern Africa. These goals include boosting employment, expanding universal electricity access and leveraging natural resource development for investment in sustainable infrastructure.
Fernando Balderrama, Chief Investment Officer with the Bank, said: “We are excited about the growth and industrialization opportunities created through this project for the Mozambican population.” He added: “The African Development Bank will continue to play a convening role to facilitate and assist with the suitable implementation of this investment, advocating for international best practice, small and medium enterprise development and diversification, women’s empowerment, job creation, and other critically important considerations.” | <urn:uuid:92311033-030d-4586-8b32-86c303e525e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://panafricanvisions.com/2021/02/african-development-bank-and-mozambique-lng-area-1-project-win-multilateral-deal-of-the-year-award-for-24-billion-global-syndicated-finance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.935808 | 886 | 1.648438 | 2 |
ACE Driving School Segment 1 Information
Teens, ages 14 years 8 months to the time the teen reaches 18 years of age, are required to complete a two segment driver education course. Teens must be at 14 years 8 months to begin a Segment 1 driver education course. Segment 1 driver education course includes 24 hours of in-class instructions and 6 hours of behind-the-wheel instruction. In Segment 1, a teen must complete and pass both the classroom instructions; the behind-the-wheel instructions; and must achieve at least 70% or higher on the written test, in order to be issued a Michigan Department of Education Segment 1 Certificate of Completion. It is illegal to drive a vehicle with a Segment 1 Certificate of Completion. With a Level 1 License, the teen may drive with a licensed parent, legal guardian, or designed adult age 21 or older.
- Classroom Instructions
You must get to and from the classes on your own. You will be given a 80-question State performance test at the end of Segment 1. You must achieve at least 70% (56 questions correct), to pass Segment 1. Should you fail the test, you will be given one opportunity to repeat the entire test.
- Road Instructions
You will be picked up and dropped off at the classroom instruction location or a mutually agreed to location with your instructor. The time and date of your 6 lessons of behind-the-wheel instructions is scheduled between you and the instructor. Failure to keep an appointment without a 24-hour notification results in an additional charge $25.00 per missed lesson.
The cost of the course is $390.00. The parent of guardian agrees to make payment of $130.00 on or before the first day of class; $130.00 during the second week; and $130.00 during the third week of class. We accept cash, checks (personal or business), but there will be a $20.00 fee for any returned check.
To reserve a spot in the class of your choice, please complete the registration form and return it to us. Upon receipt of your form, you will be sent a confirmation.
- Segment 2
You will be required to take a Segment 2 course at least 90 days after the completion of Segment 1. You will receive additional information about Segment 2 at the end of Segment 1. There is an additional cost for Segment 2 of $60.00; payable at the time you enroll for Segment 2. | <urn:uuid:ea3d5a75-649a-47a9-87b0-2e3201a0cde8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.acedrivingschoolmi.com/segment-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927105 | 523 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Heavy rains in February 2006 triggered a large mudslide in southern Leyte in the central Philippines, burying the entire village of Guinsaugon. As of February 17, 2006, there were 23 confirmed fatalities, but hundreds more were feared dead as 1,500 people were reported missing. This image shows rainfall data from the area collected by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite.
The TRMM-based, near-real time Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center monitors rainfall over the global tropics. The image above shows MPA rainfall totals for February 4-17, 2006, for the Philippine Islands. The highest amounts recorded by the MPA for this period are about 30 inches (darkest red area) and are located over the northern tip of Mindanao. However, rainfall totals over southern Leyte do approach 500 millimeters (20 inches; small orange area north of the larger red area), with totals of 250 millimeters (green areas) over the surrounding area. The northern tip of Mindanao is separated from southern Leyte by the narrow Surigao Strait.
The excessive rains may be linked to the ongoing La Niña. In December, cooler ocean waters began to emerge in the central equatorial Pacific signaling the onset of a La Niña. La Niña is associated with above-normal sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific and stronger trade winds. This pattern can significantly enhance rainfall across the Western Pacific region.
The TRMM satellite was launched into service in November 1997. It measures rainfall over the global Tropics using both passive and active sensors, including the first and only precipitation radar in space. TRMM is a joint mission between NASA and the Japanese space agency, JAXA.
Image produced by Hal Pierce (SSAI/NASA GSFC) and caption by Steve Lang (SSAI/NASA GSFC). | <urn:uuid:87ac6c86-48ac-4ce4-a1eb-e1ea51037c32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/16116/flooding-in-the-southern-philippines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937545 | 391 | 3.015625 | 3 |
NAIROBI, Kenya – While Italian coast guard vessels chart the waters between Libya and Italy looking for stranded boats, at the heart of their operations is a sophisticated control room in Rome that picks up distress calls at sea.
For asylum seekers making the crossing, the short code saved on their Thuraya satellite phones may be their only chance of survival in the high risk lottery to enter Europe.
This year, at least 85,000 migrants and asylum seekers took the central Mediterranean route to Europe. For them, access to mobile technology such as Thuraya phones is not just a matter of convenience. It is often the difference between success and failure and sometimes between life and death. This will become even more acute over the summer months, when more people tend to be on the move.
While the Mediterranean crossings have captured the imagination of mainstream media, the reality is that over a quarter of the world’s refugees live in Sub-Saharan Africa, and most remain close to their home countries.
In an earlier article, I explored the stark geographical divide between refugees with access to mobile applications and the internet and those without. About 90 percent of mobile applications developed for refugees target those hosted in Europe and the Middle East.
Over the next several months, Samuel Hall researchers will be visiting different displaced communities in Kenya and Uganda to better understand what is causing this divide, how people on the move and refugees in settlements use mobile technology and to what extent current solutions meet their needs.
Based on our research, I will analyze how mobile-based tech can move beyond Western-focused solutions to better address the multifaceted needs of refugees living in East Africa in a series of commentaries for Refugees Deeply.
In order to improve technological access, we must first understand why so few mobile services have been developed for refugees in Sub-Saharan Africa. Poor or incomplete mobile connectivity across the region, lack of access to smartphones and low levels of technical literacy are all cited as factors that restrict refugees access to mobile services in East Africa.
It is important that we separate fiction from fact.
Firstly, refugees are increasingly connected. Global levels of mobile network coverage for refugees closely follow national averages. In Kenya, over 72 percent of refugees have access to 3G connectivity, while the corresponding number is 22 percent in Uganda. The rest of the refugee populations in both countries are covered by 2G. Services delivered over 2G are more restricted than 3G, and this can limit the support they offer.
Rates of connectivity increase for refugees living in urban centers. On average, 90 percent of urban refugees are covered by 3G networks.
If not connectivity, perhaps limited access to mobile phones is behind the digital divide? The answer is more complex than it seems. Refugees’ access to mobile phones in East Africa is higher than expected, but the type of mobile device matters, especially smartphones capable of running applications and browsing websites.
Although the number of refugees who have access to a smartphone is not known, over half of the services for refugees recorded in Samuel Hall’s recent study are built around a smartphone application – no smartphone, no access.
Are these apps what refugees in East Africa really need? Almost no hard data exists to answer that question. We must understand how the needs of refugees in East Africa, where many communities have experienced protracted displacement over the past 20 years, differ from those heading to and living in Europe.
Healthcare, education and access to financial services are all areas where mobile technology can deliver cost effective access. For example, many more mothers can benefit from pre- and post-natal advice on childcare delivered through their mobile phone than would be possible from face-to-face consultations with a limited number of health workers.
Understanding refugees’ needs, access to phone and confidence in using mobile-driven services is not a simple task. The best way to find out is to ask the refugees.
Samuel Hall, in partnership with REFUNITE, has embarked on a new research project funded by the Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF) to explore how refugees traveling within East Africa use mobile technology and to what extent current solutions meet their needs. The study will assess the impact of mobile phone coverage, access to smartphones and technical literacy.
We will conduct field research in Kenya and Uganda, two of the largest refugee hosts in Africa with some 1.7 million refugees. Similar to Greece and Italy, these countries lie on the frontline of a regional crisis and will likely continue to receive large numbers of refugees in the years to come.
Keeping these aspects in mind, we will visit refugee settlements such as Kakuma in northern Kenya and Nakivale in southern Uganda that host a diverse range of nationalities from across the region, including refugees from Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
We will share our findings in an upcoming commentary series, hoping to shed light on how innovation in East Africa can be better tailored to refugees’ actual needs.
The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Refugees Deeply. | <urn:uuid:01827552-714b-4762-98d1-2c7efb2b7101> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org/refugees/community/2017/07/13/tech-innovation-must-serve-refugees-in-east-africa-too | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947715 | 1,022 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Cosmic Creative Process - Transforming Chaos to Beauty
If we take a closer look and examine the creative process of the universe, we find a very distinct pattern. It starts with a violent big explosion generating unfathomable amounts of energy. Particles start to clump and form mass. A lot of energy is used as various objects collide, merge, and destroy one another with lots of debris floating around.
This is how stars, planets and moons and are born. From the chaos and violence of messy explosions, come such unique beauty and order.
When I think of my own writing process, I find a great deal of similarity. Massive amounts of information and ideas explode in my head and get scattered all over the place. They roam violently in my mind and then on paper (or the computer screen). I get lost in the middle of this chaos and feel there is no way this is going to amount to anything.
Then my words take a life of their own. They collide, uniting or obliterating one another. The bigger more powerful thoughts swallow the smaller ones. Lots of words and ideas are thrown out of orbit.
As the process continues, something magical happens. Everything starts to fit together. Words slowly become sentences that in turn form paragraphs. Before I know it, my creation has come to life—I have a cohesive article.
We each have a mini universe within. We have the violent urge to create and the massive amount of energy to make it happen. Thoughts and ideas wander around in our heads. The trick is to recognize that this chaos is the foundation of any meaningful creation.
How can we transform the chaos into something meaningful? Inspiration from how the universe creates.
Start the process. The best time to create is now. Everything within you and around you is a creation. We are created and we are creators. We are in a constant stream of creation. All you need to do is focus your ability to consciously create what you desire … now.
Play with your ideas (words, musical notes, brush strokes) and let them dance to physical form. The universe plays with Hydrogen and allows it to transform into various other gasses and physical matter. You can do the same with your creative material. Work with your material and let the material work with you. Embrace the confusion and the mess. Play with it. Give it enough time and the beauty and cohesion will emerge.
Don’t throw out the leftovers. Just like debris in the universe, what you think is not useful today might be useful some other day. So keep your leftover ideas, drawings, compositions or snapshots somewhere out of orbit. You never know. One day they might come in handy or inspire another creation.
Accept that some of your creative efforts will die. Just like stars and planets do. If your final creation is not successful (based on your own definition of success), let it go. The death of one thing can be the catalyst for another creation to come to life.
Do not label outcomes. In the universe stars die and new ones form constantly. The universe moves along in silence. Nothing is good or bad … just is. You can do the same thing with your own creation. Accept what is. You can morn the loss of a dead idea and celebrate the creation of a new one but don’t let your own existence and enjoyment of life depend on it. You are a powerful creator, with or without the outcome.
Create in solitude. Creation is mostly a solitary experience. You don’t see the stars having a party to form planets. Your own creation comes from the power within. You can be inspired by the beauty and elegance of your surroundings but you can only create from within.
Keep going. Billions of stars and planets are created and destroyed on a regular basis. Keep creating and recognize that creation is a constant process. The more you create the easier it becomes. You become the master of your creation, just like life is the master of our creation. Through this perpetual creative process our universe expands and life evolves.
We all are creators. Some of us know it more than others. We each have within the ability to add more beauty and wonder to life. When you create from the depth of your desires and being, whatever you create will be uniquely yours—just like everything in the universe originated from one source that manifested in countless unique forms and shapes, including us. | <urn:uuid:1169631e-3484-44ae-bd7d-9ddcfbf27327> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onewithnow.com/the-cosmic-creative-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943176 | 901 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Direct vehicle insurance is just what it describes, you make all the go over preparations by yourself and purchase the coverage right from the Insurance provider who underwrites the include.
The benefits of acquiring ‘direct’ are that in some instances the rates provided will be much less than if you bought through a middleman, although this is by far the circumstance for the bulk in truth.
Most immediate motor insurance policy companies are able to make personal savings in commission and information handling, which several do move onto their clients in discounted rates or marketing ‘tempters’ this sort of as supplying twelve months protect for the value of ten, or throwing in some additional cover for free, this sort of as vehicle breakdown insurance policies.
These advertising sweeteners should usually be looked on sceptically by a possible purchaser of insurance, as it might effectively be the scenario that the expenses of the ‘sweetener’ are absorbed in other places in the estimate provided.
With so a lot of diverse types of motor insurance coverage distribution factors accessible these days it is sometimes difficult to determine whether you are acquiring your protect from a immediate company, or not.
You can purchase automobile insurance policies by both choosing up the telephone and dialling a firm that you identified in the telephone guide, checking out a high road outlet, or by searching on the Net exactly where you have accessibility to numerous diverse sorts of car, car and motor insurance retail distribution merchandise.
Whichever approach you pick to purchase, it can nevertheless be tough to figure out from the onset, whether you are dealing with a direct insurance policies organization or a single of the many other intermediaries that exist.
The varieties of insurance policies intermediaries that exist in the United kingdom insurance policies market place these times are many but can broadly be described as belonging to 1 the pursuing groups:
Underwriters, Direct Firms, Insurance coverage Firms, Scheme Vendors, Brokers, Comparison internet sites, Agents, Introducers, Affiliate marketers and Affinity Groups.
Individuals at the top of the team are those most likely to be considered immediate suppliers of car insurance coverage.
Individuals at the base of the list are these that are most very likely to charge a fee, agents, or an introducer charge.
To comprehend and benefit from buying direct from an insurance company we need to appear at the products and services supplied by every of these above groups and how they are parts of the value you pay as a high quality.
As with all insurance coverage, the energy of the pen, that is the capability to set a cost for a chance , in the long run lies with the underwriters of the vehicle insurance policy coverage. These are the folks who will endure economically need to you make a claim. Underwriters manage your danger and established the prices and costs. It obviously follows then, that the nearer to the resource or foundation threat that you obtain your car insurance from, the much more most likely it is to be capable to get the protect at the very best possible value for the danger.
It is possible to immediately negotiate a price for a policy with specified motor insurance policy underwriters. Even so this job is generally carried out by a specialist insurance policies broker, and in follow this negotiation is most likely ideal left to a expert broker who is expert in speaking pitfalls to underwriters or car insurance organizations, and does so as element of his or her work on a everyday basis.
Likewise http://www.finsmes.com/2019/10/what-insurance-you-need-when-hiring-a-car.html of the underwriting pen is available to particular revenue teams of Direct insurance policies companies. If you mobile phone them up and talk to them direct, it is achievable that even though they have to adhere to a script and set program monitor procedures, that they have some system codes to discretionally price cut your insurance coverage high quality down to a set minimum high quality amount. It is frequently a issue of never inquire – don’t get!
Automobile insurance coverage schemes are tailored bespoke procedures for a particular kind of driver or car such as Woman drivers insurance coverage. Strategies may be presented immediate from an issuing insurance policies firm specialising in motor techniques, or a lot more very likely from a expert automobile insurance business or broker. Simply because the strategies have been designed for a certain distribution channel the organization providing these insurance policies techniques is usually provided the energy of the pen and permitted to make underwriting and pricing conclusions them selves, inside of certain pre-arranged limitations of authority.
Typically neglected by the huge component of the automobile insurance policies acquiring public, these techniques provide the greatest worth for income if you are fortunate enough to match into 1.
If you get direct from a broker it is probable that they have an underwriting get in touch with at an insurance firm who can fluctuate premiums and match estimates that you have received from yet another source. The advice that automobile insurance policies brokers supply can usually be really worth the small further top quality they may well demand, as they will assist you get the correct degree of include and far more importantly communicate any promises or problems you may possibly be obtaining direct to the underwriters of your insurance coverage, preserving you time and money in what can be a minefield to the insurance world uninitiated.
The massive Insurance policy comparison sites that you so typically see advertising and marketing on Television, market policies on behalf of insurance policy organizations and brokers. The bulk of these businesses do not have obtain to the pen, and are not authorized to price cut rates. Many do nevertheless provide and current a extensive choice of insurance coverage policy to a prospect and by means of the potential to evaluate costs for mainstream car insurance coverage, are generally capable to offer you guidelines which are less expensive than what a buyer may possibly presently be paying.
Beware when you are comparing guidelines on the internet that you are comparing not just on the high quality price tag quoted, but also take account of the versions in ranges of include, and only assess on a like for like foundation. To completely recognize the stages of include it is essential that you usually study the modest print of these insurance policies. Sadly in the circumstance of Net comparison sites that do not underwrite themselves, it is typically the situation that there are added quality hikes when you arrive to total, often created by the contract satisfying underwriting insurance policy company, to the unique estimate supplied. This practice recognized as ‘after loading’ takes place when you arrive at the underwriting company’s internet site to complete the transaction the value has risen substantially from that originally currently being quoted.
However you make a decision to purchase your car insurance coverage, it should constantly be with what is proper for your specific situation and your distinct automobile, in mind.
You must often make comparative selections on a like for like foundation. If 1 coverage becoming presented a number of hundred cheaper than a competitor, you ought to verify cautiously the ranges of cover in the little print, and evaluate the limitations of indemnity.
Verify also which addresses are incorporated in the standard price of the motor insurance policies coverage and which are incorporated as extras. Windscreen injury cover is an example of this. Do you really need to have a courtesy auto when you are a two auto loved ones? This extras can quickly mount up.
If you need to have guidance or support in selecting what covers you require, you should often contact a broker or insurance policies organization direct and they will be capable to clarify precisely what they are supplying and allay any fears and misunderstandings you may have regarding the insurance policies that they are giving. | <urn:uuid:b1c09e1f-a342-4b68-9f00-90ac88ae1857> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://firesaler.com/what-precisely-will-bte-direct-car-insurance-together-with-will-bte-that-less-costly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956771 | 1,541 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Sufferers of high blood pressure also called hypertension, run the risk of suffering from other health complications as a result. One of the most common and well-known results of untreated or unmanaged high blood pressure is a heart attack but it can also cause strokes and heart and kidney failure.
For most patients, treating high blood pressure is relatively simple and involves a change in diet and lifestyle, alongside a combination of blood pressure medication. However, the key is catching high blood pressure early to reduce the impact and the effect it has on the rest of the body, which is why many seek the knowledge of a private cardiologist. Early diagnosis can be the difference between living a healthy life and suffering permanent damage to the heart or kidney.
What causes high blood pressure
High blood pressure can be the result of many different factors. One thing many people relate to hypertension is stress, and a stressful job or lifestyle can cause frequent high blood pressure. Other lifestyle choices such as smoking tobacco products, eating fatty foods and not exercising enough can also be contributing factors to hypertension.
High blood pressure can also have a medical cause. Genetics often have a large part to play in whether you will suffer hypertension; if there is a family history of high blood pressure, strokes or heart attacks then you are much more likely to suffer with it yourself.
How do I know if I have high blood pressure?
The ideal blood pressure rate is 140/85 (130/80 if you have diabetes mellitus) and if your heart rate is consistently over that then you will need further investigation to find the cause. A cardiologist should consider all possible factors such as age, lifestyle, genetic risk, gender, and cholesterol level and assess your heart rate in that context. You may also have the blood test done as well as an Electrocardiogram (ECG) and an Echocardiogram (TTE) to look at how your heart is functioning. In borderline cases, a 24-hour blood pressure monitoring may be suggested to enable your cardiologist to determine what treatment, if any, is necessary.
Treating high blood pressure
There are simple lifestyle changes that can be made to reduce regular high blood pressure such as stopping smoking, losing weight, exercising regularly and eating a balanced and healthy diet. Medication is often required to keep blood pressure at a safe level and this will be arranged by your cardiologist as you may require a combination of different medications depending a variety of factors such as the severity of your hypertension, your age, and lifestyle. There is no reason you should not be able to treat your hypertension if it is caught early enough and you may lower your risk factors for heart attacks and strokes as well as other associated conditions.
Who to see if you are suffering from hypertension
When seeking diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure, speed is of the essence. The longer high blood pressure goes undiagnosed, the more damage it can cause to your internal organs and the muscle that is your heart. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential but waiting lists on the NHS can be weeks and even months long.
A cardiologist working on a private basis will usually be able to see you in a fraction of the time in order to help you access the best medical care and treatment for your hypertension. However, every cardiologist will give you a full MOT and do all the necessary diagnostic investigations to see how well your heart is functioning and to diagnose any hypertension. | <urn:uuid:61621f58-2788-4040-85d1-58263e5bbb7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homerproject.org/what-to-do-if-you-have-high-blood-pressure.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952529 | 694 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Concerns about a Brexit continue to impact upon exchange rates, but what effect could this have on British property buyers and expats in France?
Written by Rewan Tremethick, currency analyst at TorFX
Concerns relating to the result of the EU referendum have already had an impact upon exchange rates, with the pound falling considerably since David Cameron brokered his reform deal for UK membership in February. By the end of the month, the GBP/EUR currency pair was languishing in the region of a 16-month low. Market volatility is likely to continue and this can have a considerable impact on UK expats.
How could a Brexit affect my French property purchase?
There are two key factors which could affect your ability to afford a home in France: interest rates and mortgage availability.
Interest rates: It is unlikely the Bank of England (BoE) would want to increase interest rates if Britain was suffering adverse effects because of a Brexit. With low borrowing costs making mortgages more affordable, you may find it easier to sell your UK home in order to fund your move to France.
Mortgages: In the midst of financial turmoil, the banks are likely to be more cautious with their lending. They may tighten their lending requirements and reject more credit applications than before, which could see you struggling to get finance even if you have a good credit rating. If you were looking to secure a mortgage in France, you could find yourself subject to even stricter lending requirements if the UK was outside the EU. When applying for credit in France, your debts cannot total more than a third of your income, which could become problematic if sterling continues to weaken and you find your pounds are suddenly worth far fewer euros than they were.
How could a Brexit affect me sending money to France?
A Brexit could change the regulations regarding overseas transfers. Currently, banks can only charge fees for euros transferred within Europe if they would also charge a fee for an internal transfer. If Britain were to leave the EU, there wouldn’t necessarily be an agreement in place between UK and French banks to keep this practice up. This means that you could find yourself being charged money by your destination bank, with no overall regulation regarding the amount that they can charge to receive euro transfers.
What affect could a Brexit have on sterling?
The pound has already fallen in value considerably. As of early March, sterling had dropped 7.5% against the euro since the beginning of 2016 as Brexit fears startled investors. To put that into perspective, £150,000 transferred at the beginning of January would have given you €204,690, but the same amount at the end of February would have equated to €189,225. So over the course of eight weeks, £150,000 dropped in value by €15,465.
Many of the European banks have already released their forecasts on the impact of a Brexit. HSBC believes that sterling could lose up to 15% of its value, while Credit Suisse and Goldman Sachs have predicted the drop could be as high as 20%. According to HSBC the pound could hit parity with the euro in the short term, meaning £100,000 would only be worth €100,000. That would make French property a lot more expensive. The most costly regions of the country, such as the departments of Alpes-Maritimes, Haute-Savoie and Var may become inaccessible to many Brits, but French property across the country could also become unaffordable to the majority of aspiring expats.
How do I protect against currency fluctuations?
Forward contracts: This service is available through some reputable international money transfer providers and enables you to ‘fix’ a favourable change rate for up to two years. This is particularly useful for property purchases as it means you’ll always know exactly how much you’ll get for your money and can budget effectively.
Look for alternative to a bank: For those already living abroad, simply switching away from a bank could help you to get the most value from regular overseas payments to or from France. Most high-street banks charge fees and commission on each transfer. Over the course of a year, this can add up to a significant amount. Some alternative international money transfer providers don’t charge fees or commission, and they can also offer you better exchange rates. As well as getting you more for your money, they don’t take a cut of it.
More information on the EU referendum:
More in Brexit | <urn:uuid:dcd79f93-6c0c-464b-82fb-f19e28b4d697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.completefrance.com/french-property/buying-and-selling/what-impact-could-a-brexit-have-on-my-finances-6261610/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.97139 | 915 | 1.5 | 2 |
Article: Star Observer
New cases of HIV have dropped dramatically in Brisbane, one of only a few cities in the world to record a significant reduction, alongside San Francisco.
State government data shows just 94 new cases in Brisbane last year, the lowest rate since 2008 and a reduction of over a third in two years.
Dr Darren Russell, chair of the HIV Foundation Queensland, said HIV notification rates have dropped even amid increasing cases of other STIs such as chlamydia and syphilis.
The news comes as the state government announced this week that the HIV Foundation Queensland will not be funded after 30 June. | <urn:uuid:90009ed3-f7cf-41d2-9bdc-c4ff5c29ec23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gayexpress.co.nz/2017/02/massive-drop-hiv-cases-brisbane/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945583 | 123 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) today named Think Tank Photo as the winner of the 2016 J. Winton Lemon Fellowship Award. The honor is given to those who render continuing outstanding service in the interests of press photography and for outstanding technical achievement in photography. Previous winners include Canon, Nikon, Sony, Fuji, and Adobe Systems.
Founded in 2005 by designers Doug Murdoch and Mike Sturm, and Pulitzer Prize winning photojournalist Deanne Fitzmaurice and veteran photojournalist Kurt Rogers, Think Tank is a group of designers and professional photographers focused on studying how photographers work, and developing inventive new carrying solutions to meet their needs. By focusing on “speed” and “accessibility,” it prepares photographers to Be Ready “Before The Moment,” allowing them to document those historic moments that reflect their personal visions and artistic talents.
“When we started Think Tank over 10 years ago, we vowed to serve the needs of NPPA members and other working photographers,” said Doug Murdoch, Think Tank’s CEO and lead designer. “It is an extreme honor to be named for such an illustrious award, especially by an organization we hold in such high regard. We believe photojournalists and other press photographers and videographers serve such a high purpose in helping convey the truth, especially in settings where they often have to put their lives at risk.”
Winton Lemen was a charter member of the NPPA. In 1952, after a distinguished career as a news photographer at the Rocky Mountain News, Pittsburgh Press, and Buffalo Times, he established the photo press markets division of the Eastman Kodak Co. and served as the firm’s liaison with news photographers. | <urn:uuid:89314083-4df0-457e-86b8-482f98010023> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jonashellsen.com/news/nppa-names-think-tank-photo-winner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952401 | 354 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Building upon the success of the previous two summers, Lurie College is planning to host its third annual free STEM+C Teacher Insitute from Monday, June 7 – Friday, July 23. Our institute enables teacher candidates and current teachers to build their STEM+C content knowledge and earn a math or science foundational-level credential, which allows those who complete the institute to teach middle school math or science. It can be added to a multiple or single subject credential by successfully completing the methods class included in this summer program and passing the corresponding CSET subtest(s).
There is no cost to participants for the coursework, content seminars, or computer science workshop. Lurie College will also cover math or science CSET registration costs for SJSU students and alumni who successfully complete the summer program. Visit sjsu.edu/education/community/stem-institute to listen to testimonials from the Summer 2020 Institute, learn more about the math pathway, science pathway, and computer science seminar, and apply by Monday, May 10, for priority consideration. | <urn:uuid:71f140bb-9bbb-4773-9516-ec8377081fed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.sjsu.edu/luriecollege/2021/05/07/lurie-college-hosting-3rd-annual-free-stemc-teacher-institute/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.925851 | 213 | 1.75 | 2 |
Exploring the History of Latinos in U.S. Baseball
A doctoral student in history was inspired by his own family's past to examine the relationship between racial identity and sports in the United States.
When Alex Nuñez was picking a research topic for his doctoral degree in history, he was inspired by his own family history. Nuñez grew up playing baseball, and his grandfather, Tommy Nuñez Sr., was the first Mexican American referee in the NBA. Nuñez said his grandfather often shared how sports impacted him, not only professionally but also socially and economically.
Nuñez decided to examine the relationship between racial identity and sports in the United States, particularly among Mexican Americans.
In addition to being a doctoral student in the Department of History in the University of Arizona College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nuñez works as assistant director of recruitment and admissions for the Honors College.
He also is a virtual fellow with the Smithsonian's Latino Museum Studies Program and helps with the National Museum of American History exhibit "¡Pleibol! In the Barrios and the Big Leagues." The exhibit examines how generations of Latino players have changed baseball and transformed American culture. Nuñez is creating a collection of resources on the topic for K-12 educators, a task the former high school teacher is excited to work on.
The exhibit ties into Nuñez's research on how baseball presented an opportunity for Latino players and also mirrored their limited opportunities; how it served as a vehicle for identity formation; and how baseball and other sports can be a gateway to understanding larger issues in society.
Latino Players in the Major Leagues
More than 50 Latino players participated in Major League Baseball before Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play in the MLB, making his debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, Nuñez said.
"My research gets into how Latino players negotiated with the racial logic that baseball employed to decide who could play and who could not play, and oftentimes it was a case-by-case basis," Nuñez said.
Vincent Nava became the first Mexican American to play professional baseball in the United States in 1882. For most of his career, he claimed Spanish heritage. Nuñez said that ambiguity of Latino racial belonging allowed some individuals to circumnavigate color lines, but it came at a cost to other people of color.
"While the ability to participate in a white space is certainly a personal act of resistance and mobility, this claim to whiteness reinforces the standard for membership established by the dominant group," Nuñez said.
Identity Formation and Switch Hitting
Nuñez said Mexican American players used a paradox of strategies to negotiate their identities. On one hand, Nuñez says, baseball provided an opportunity for them to form networks and cultural connections with other Latino players. On the other hand, the players' success at "pursuing whiteness" required a shift away from their traditional Mexican identity, Nuñez said.
"Like a switch hitter in baseball, who is able to successfully hit from both the left and right sides of the plate, these two social strategies were both oppositional and complementary, and contributed to the creation of a new race- and class-based identity as Mexican Americans," Nuñez said.
The baseball field became an interesting laboratory of identity formation, Nuñez said.
"There's a common saying, ni de aquí, ni de allá – neither here nor there. A lot of Mexican Americans felt in the middle," Nuñez said. "They weren't fully Mexican anymore being in the United States, but also they were not accepted fully as Americans. It was in intermediate spaces like the baseball field where they were able to sort of hybridize those two feelings and create a sense of pride of being Mexican American."
Baseball and Labor Relations
Nuñez said one of the biggest surprises for him when researching baseball was how pivotal the sport was in labor relations in the beginning and middle of the 20th century – at least for Mexican American communities.
Many newly arrived Mexicans were relegated to manual labor jobs in the U.S. Oftentimes, baseball was introduced to workers as an incentive and a way of implementing control.
"The managers were saying essentially, 'If you do your job well, on Saturdays we'll have baseball games,'" Nuñez said. "It was also meant to be a way to inculcate American values, with the perception that people of color or immigrants did not possess the characteristics of being an American, and sports was a way to embed the ideals of teamwork and discipline."
But sometimes the goal of controlling workers got turned on its head, Nuñez said. When workers spent time together playing baseball or other sports, it often became an informal means of organizing.
"They recognized when they were together that there were some grievances they had with their conditions," Nuñez said. "So, they could use that time to organize and demand change."
The Rise of Latinos in Baseball
Over the years, Latino players – including those who grew up in the U.S. or came from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Cuba or the Dominican Republic – have had a large impact on baseball and American culture.
One example is Fernando Valenzuela, a Mexican former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1980 to 1997, most famously with the Los Angeles Dodgers.
"For a long time, Mexicans were averse to the Dodgers because of the history of the forced removal of the residents of Chavez Ravine to build Dodger Stadium," Nuñez said. "Fernando Valenzuela really won those fans over to the Dodgers. There's also been studies done about how Fernando as this iconic Mexican player more broadly impacted views on immigration in the '80s and '90s."
Formal baseball history is becoming more Latinized, with an increase in the number of Latino players inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Nuñez said.
That's not to say that discrimination has disappeared, Nuñez said. For example, some Latino players have a more animated style of play and bat flipping – done in celebration after a homerun – that is popular in Latin American baseball leagues. When bat flipping showed up in the MLB, some people criticized the practice as not following proper baseball etiquette.
"Discrimination has sort of shapeshifted. In the '40s and '50s, it was who could and couldn't play. Now it is more, 'Are they playing the right way?'" Nuñez said.
Today, Latino players are the fastest growing group of professional baseball players and they also represent a huge part of the fanbases, a fact the franchises are aware of, Nuñez said. For example, the Arizona Diamondbacks recently revealed their Serpientes jersey, stating that the uniform highlights the "state's Hispanic culture and the bond between the team and its fans."
"I think you're seeing this sort of Latinization of an American sport that was initially use to Americanize Latin America," Nuñez said. "I'm really interested to see how baseball develops as an international sport."
University of Arizona in the News | <urn:uuid:d4693b3e-28cc-471c-bc98-bc922a893607> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.arizona.edu/story/exploring-history-latinos-us-baseball | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.983893 | 1,488 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Hastings to Eastbourne Coast Walk
Tuesday, July 5, 2011
This walk is not an official long-distance walking route, but rather something I decided to try as a way of linking the end of the Saxon Shore Way at Hastings with the beginning of the South Downs Way at Eastbourne.
I began by the tall fisherman's huts at Hastings Harbour (picture 1) and headed east along the main beach-side road, soon passing a large amusement centre, a boating lake (picture 2) and a mini-golf course. Soon the curved building of Pelham Crescent appears on the other side of the road (picture 3), dwarfed by the bulk of West Hill, where William the Conqueror built his first castle on English soil. The ruins of the castle can still be visited today.
A little further along the road beyond several car parks, the footpath becomes a wide promenade and starts to run alongside the shingle beach (picture 4). This area was quite busy with walkers and cyclists on this sunny morning.
The beach-side promenade heads up towards the 277-metre long Hastings Pier (picture 5), which opened in 1872. The pier was badly damaged by fire on October 5th, 2010 and was still closed and awaiting a decision on its fate when I visited. Getting closer to the pier the damage became more obvious (picture 6). (Update: After a lengthy and expensive restoration project, the pier reopened on April 27th, 2016.)
Opposite the landward end of the pier stands the White Rock Theatre and next to it the White Rock Hotel (picture 7), where I have stayed on both of my visits to the Hastings area.
Just beyond the pier, the promenade divides in two, giving the choice of walking under a long covered section or walking along its roof, both with views over the beach and the pier. After about 500 metres, I emerged from the covered walkway opposite the large green expanse of the St Leonards Warrior Square (picture 8).
The next section of the promenade passes by a long line of shady benches above the beach, while a large modern apartment building dominates the view ahead (picture 9). Beyond this building, the promenade rises to rejoin the bicycle path, and I stopped here to buy an ice-cream from a truck that was parked on the path.
Behind the row of buildings across the road is higher ground and through a gap in the buildings I could see the unusual parish church and some of the cliff-top houses that overlook it (picture 10). A little further along the path, I passed by an unusual looking fountain (picture 11) and just after the main road bears away from the beach, I found one of the distinctive signposts of the National Cycle Network standing next to the bicycle path (picture 12).
About 500 metres later the promenade ends, but the pedestrian and bicycle path continues along an area known as Bulverhythe, passing a row of beach huts and a all ionic column that seemed entirely out of place (picture 13). Beyond another large complex of beach huts, the bicycle path ends and I followed a short road to the left, soon finding myself walking along the shingle beach past a long line of slightly larger huts where there were a few dozen small boats pulled up onto the beach.
The coastal railway line runs parallel with the beach here, and the peace was somewhat disturbed by a group of welders working on the roof of a large train shed on the other side of the tracks. Part of the beach along this stretch was replaced by a long line of large rocks (picture 14), presumably placed to help defend the railway line against coastal erosion.
A few hundred metres further, I followed a well worn path along the foot of the low cliffs of Glyne Gap (picture 15), eventually reaching a small group of beach huts by a popular beach-side café. Here the bicycle path resumes and, finding it much easier to walk on than the shingle, I followed it as it climbed gently up to the grassy top of Galley Hill, where there was a good view ahead along the seafront of the town of Bexhill-on-Sea (picture 16).
Heading downhill, I then joined the beach-side promenade of Bexhill, passing a long line of beach huts before stopping for another ice-cream at a grassy area between the promenade and the main road where I found an interesting metal sculpture (picture 17). Bexhill seemed to be a good deal quieter and less touristy than Hastings, while also a bit more modern.
Moving on, I soon passed by the town's war memorial (picture 18), standing adjacent to a boatyard. At this point I could have headed left down a short lane to walk on the next section of the promenade, but as my research had revealed that part of the promenade could have been closed due to construction works, I instead stayed on the main road, bearing left at a roundabout to rejoin the promenade after about four hundred metres. A couple of blocks further, I passed by an old clock tower, now somewhat marooned in the middle of the main road which runs parallel to the beach (picture 19).
After passing a series of identical apartment buildings, the promenade ends and the main road bears away from the beach. I crossed a short stretch of shingle to reach a beach-side footpath (picture 20), which passes a variety of beach huts and beach-side backyards and even a couple of seafront tennis courts.
Eventually the footpath ended and I crossed another short section of shingle path to a flight of wooden steps up the low cliffs at Beaulieu Green. Looking ahead along the coast (picture 21), I could see that the weather was beginning to change and visibility across the bay towards Beachy Head had gotten significantly worse than half an hour previously.
From this vantage point, there is no path above the beach, so I headed a short distance along Beaulieu Road to turn left into Cooden Road which I followed for about 300 metres to a roundabout by Cooden Beach. Before heading off along the beach, I first turned right for about 80 metres to the Cooden Beach railway station, where I acquired lunch at the attached convenience store. A short way along the beach, I sat down to eat my sandwiches and watched a local fisherman trying his luck in the calm water (picture 22).
From Cooden Beach, I continued along the shingle bank for almost two and a half kilometres to the village of Normans Bay, presumbly named after William the Conqueror's Norman army, who landed nearby in September 1066 on their way to the Battle of Hastings. There were some quite impressive looking beachfront houses here (picture 23) along with a large mobile home park, and a little further along the beach I passed a small boat called "Boomerang" (picture 24), perhaps a sign that there were some other Australians about.
Another five hundred metres along the beach, I passed by a round martello tower, one of several along the south coast. Unfortunately, this one was clad in scaffolding and plastic, so I wasn't able to get any useful pictures of it. Martello towers were built as part of southern England's defences against possible invasions from the continent.
Along the next part of the beach there was a groyne built lengthwise along the beach in addition to the groynes stretching out into the water (picture 25), which is somewhat unusual. Beyond this I began to pass by the sizable settlement of Beachlands (picture 26), where I passed by a group of benches thoughtfully placed on the shingle.
Beachlands forms one continuous built-up area with the town of Pevensey Bay, and along this part of the coast many of the beach-side houses were flying the English flag or the Union Jack, though I did also spot one large Canadian flag fluttering in the strong breeze. Just before reaching the beachside Moorings pub (picture 27), I also spotted a skull and crossbones flag bearing the text "Times flies when you're having rum."
A few hundred metres beyond the pub I found the beach completely blocked by construction fencing and I was forced to divert from my intended route and follow the quiet Val Princeps Road out to the main A259 Eastbourne Road, where I soon passed a large sign indicating that I was entering the town of Eastbourne (picture 28), part of the "Sunshine Coast", somewhat ironic given both the deteriorating weather and the fact that I spent the first 19 years of my life living on Australia's Sunshine Coast. Having to take a diversion here was a little disappointing, as my map showed a line of three martello towers along the next stretch of beach.
Reaching a gap in a hedge, I was able to leave the road and head across some waste ground to a small roundabout in a newish housing estate with an antipodean flavour in the street names. I headed south along Pacific Drive, passing streets such as Samoa Way (and noting a Brisbane Quay not far away on the map), turning right at the next roundabout and continuing to follow Pacific Drive up to a third roundabout, from which a footpath runs alongside a large, but empty, rectangular pool belonging to Sovereign Harbour (picture 29).
A few minutes further along this path I crossed over the gates of two side-by-side locks (picture 30) that lead into a very large marina complex where literally hundreds of boats were moored. Once over the lock gates, I followed the footpath which curves left around beside the water towards another martello tower situated on Langney Point on the south side of the harbour entrance. Unfortunately this tower too was swathed in plastic and scaffolding -- so out of the five martello towers along this walk, I had not gotten a good look at any of them.
Heading across the shingle of Langney Point, I soon reached a bicycle path from which there were good views across to Beachy Head on the other side of Eastbourne (picture 31). The bicycle path follows the coast past the long and narrow Sovereign Park and by the time I was passing a small amusement park called Fort Fun (picture 32), it was beginning to rain.
The bicycle path continues past several large parking areas and some tennis courts before curving around some buildings where many small boats were pulled up on the beach. Just past the buildings, the Treasure Island Adventure Park (picture 33) was devoid of adventurers in the gradually worsening weather.
A short distance later the beach-side path passes the circular Redoubt fortress and next door Princes Park (picture 34), before passing a long line of beachfront hotels on the final stretch of path approaching Eastbourne Pier (picture 35) where the walk ends under the landward end of the pier (picture 36).
My GPS showed 27.7km covered since starting the walk at Hastings. Despite the late rain and a significant amount of strenuous walking along the shingle shore, it had been a good day's walking with an interesting mix of urban and more isolated coastal landscapes. | <urn:uuid:06e9a107-ad95-4074-b5de-8e4ed803ffe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macadder.net/walking/hastings_to_eastbourne/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969126 | 2,303 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The long-distance cycling route, EuroVelo 6, runs 3,653 km from the Black Sea to the Atlantic, following the course of Europe’s major rivers. Rupert Parker gets on his bike and tries a short stretch along the Saône through Southern Burgundy.
EuroVelo 6 from Dole
As I’m setting out, the lady from the B&B Maison Curie tells me to visit the cemetery if I get into difficultly. “They always have a tap where you can fill up your water”, she says. It’s good advice, which I’ll follow in the next few days as I cycle the EuroVelo 6, under cloudless skies, desperate to quench my thirst.
To get to my starting point in the Dole, I’ve taken the Eurostar from London, crossed Paris, and then caught a fast train. The city was the capital of Franche-Comté for over 300 years, before Louis XIV moved the parliament from Besançon. Imposing buildings, including the magnificent L’Hôtel Dieu, once the hospital, reflect its prosperous past. The famous scientist, Louis Pasteur, was born here in a tannery and they’ve preserved his house as a museum.
The Rhine-Rhone canal runs through the centre and I start my ride on the tree-lined towpath before meeting the river Saône. This is a quiet stretch of waterway, its surface clustered with water lilies, deserted except for the occasional pleasure boat. They’re coming from Saint-Jean-de-Losne which, because of its location at the confluence of two canals and the river, is one of France’s largest river ports. The water is wide here and its banks are stacked with craft of all shapes and sizes.
I skirt the village of Pagny-la-Ville, leaving the river, but rejoin it at Seurre where I overnight in B&B La Valériane, once the gendarmerie. The family invite me to their Saturday barbecue and serve some choice cuts of Charolais beef, sourced from the local butcher. The generous owner, who’s also the town’s major, opens bottles of quality vintage Burgundy and my French seems to improve immeasurably.
Next morning, the breeze blows the cobwebs from my brain as I cycle cross-country to join the River Doubs for a short section. This meets the Saône at Verdun-sur-le-Doubs, famous for Pôchouse, the Burgundy equivalent of Bouillabaisse. It’s a stew of local river fish, cooked in white wine and I get to sample it at Hostellerie Bourgignonne. Their version removes most of the bones, adds cream and includes eel, pike perch, perch, tench and carp. There are also a couple of slices of toasted garlic bread to soak up the juices and it’s the perfect lunch for a hungry cyclist.
Perhaps because of the influence of the wine, I lose the cycling track and end up on the main road, stalked by thunderous trucks. It’s also the hottest day on my route and I arrive in Chalon-sur-Saône, completely drained. Copious amounts of water revive me enough to explore the city. Its medieval quarter is mostly intact and the two towers of the impressive St Vincent cathedral dominate the square. Chalon’s most famous son is Nicéphore Niépce, the inventor of photography, and his statue stands by the river.
My bed for the night is three miles away in Dracy, slightly off track, but Hotel Le Dracy not only has a welcome swimming pool but also serves excellent food. Next day I follow the Canal du Centre, which connects the Saône to the Loire in a series of 80 locks. In the distance I spy the characteristic Burgundy vineyards lining the forested hills and stop in Santenay at Domain Prosper Maufoux for a tasting. It’s cool in the cellar but the winemaker tells me that Pinot Noir grape is really struggling with the increased temperatures. If global warming continues, they’ll have to replace it with another grape variety.
I leave the EuroVelo to see the magnificent Chateau de Couches. As you’d expect, it’s built on high ground so it’s a bit of a struggle. There’s an upmarket B&B in the grounds where I spend the night feeling like the king of the castle. Next day I’m back on the Canal du Centre and penetrate the industrial heartland of Burgundy. All that remains of a ceramics factory that employed 500 people is the owner’s mansion, Villa Perrusson, recently restored.
Further on, in Blanzy near Montceau-les-Mines, there’s an excellent museum devoted to coal mining, an industry which once employed 13,000 people. They’ve kept the original winding mechanism and it’s still in working order, but you’re not allowed to descend. Rather they’ve reconstructed a series of galleries on the surface with equipment from derelict mines. It effectively evokes the nightmarish conditions and sense of the claustrophobia the miners endured.
This is also the end of the road for me. I’m going to leave my bike here and have my last lunch at Au Vieux Saule in Torcy, before I catch the TGV back to Paris from Montchanin. I can’t help feeling sad that I haven’t tackled the whole route or, at least, the whole French part. Next time I’ll start in Basel, cross Alsace then enter Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, before following the Loire all the way to the Atlantic. It’s all perfectly possible I tell myself, as it’s mostly on the flat, following rivers and canals – just give me a month.
The EuroVelo 6 is well signed and almost impossible to get lost. Accommodation along the route is mainly in delightful bed and breakfasts and restaurants serve up delicious local food and wines. I carried everything I needed in two panniers and hired my bike locally. If you’re planning on doing the whole lot, it’s better to bring your own bike and there are ample repair shops along the way.
Rupert Parker is a writer, photographer, cameraman & TV Producer. His special interests are food & travel & he writes about everything from wilderness adventure to gourmet spa tours. Read about his latest adventures on his website Planet Appetite | <urn:uuid:121eca8f-a4b2-4b40-bbcf-2f805627a06e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thegoodlifefrance.com/biking-in-burgundy-along-the-famous-eurovelo-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.932589 | 1,432 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Glass for Europe, the trade association for Europe’s manufacturers of flat glass, has released its comments on the trilogue agreement on the Energy Efficiency Directive, acknowledging that the Council has made small progress on building renovation. According to Glass for Europe, the Energy Efficiency Directive does not fully address the scale of the building renovation challenge.
Glass for Europe takes note of the trilogue agreement on the Energy Efficiency Directive endorsed by the Council in COREPER.
Glass for Europe acknowledges that the Council has made small progress on building renovation. The requirement for Member States to establish long-term strategies to improve the energy performance of the building stock through the deep renovation of commercial and residential buildings is welcomed. Similarly, the willingness shown by the co-legislators to set-up financial facilities to achieve the objective of the directive are also seen positively by the flat glass industry. Nonetheless, Glass for Europe strongly deplores the minimal level of requirement imposed on Member States to renovate public buildings. This requirement has been narrowed to the extent that it no longer covers a tangible pool of buildings.
“As regards building renovation, the Energy Efficiency Directive is another example of an EU directive which provides a praiseworthy long-term objective but which lacks EU-wide stringent measures that would provide certainty and confidence for industrial actors to mobilize resources” says Bertrand Cazes, Secretary General of Glass for Europe. “In this context, Member states will have a major responsibility to set up the national strategies and to couple them with concrete tangible measures. This is essential to realize the energy saving potential in the building sector and to seize this golden opportunity to foster economic recovery while engaging the transition to a low-carbon economy,” he added.
The Energy Efficiency Directive does not fully address the scale of the building renovation challenge. Glass for Europe therefore calls on the European Commission to keep building renovation high on the political agenda. Future policy initiatives such as the on-going mid-term review of Europe’s Flagship Initiative on Industrial Policy and the upcoming Communication on the Sustainable Competitiveness of the Construction sector must be used to address shortfalls.
Glass for Europe is the trade association for Europe’s manufacturers of flat glass. Flat glass is the material that goes into a variety of end-products and primarily in windows and façades for buildings, windscreens and windows for automotive and transport as well as glass covers, connectors and mirrors for solar-energy equipment. Flat glass is also used for many other applications such as furniture, electronics, appliances, etc.
Glass for Europe has four members: AGC Glass Europe, NSG-Group, Saint-Gobain Glass and Sisecam-Trakya Cam and works in association with Guardian. Altogether, these five companies represent 90% of Europe’s flat glass production.
Glass for Europe firmly believes that state-of-the-art glass can play a vital role in achieving the EU’s energy saving targets and promotes ambitious mechanisms to support the market uptake of energy-efficient glass technologies. | <urn:uuid:d2b38a7a-3cb4-47a5-9f64-499cfbc77db2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glassonline.com/glass-for-europe-compromise-on-the-energy-efficiency-directive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937556 | 620 | 1.5 | 2 |
National Convention, French Convention Nationale, assembly that governed France from September 20, 1792, until October 26, 1795, during the most critical period of the French Revolution. The National Convention was elected to provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy (August 10, 1792). The Convention numbered 749 deputies, including businessmen, tradesmen, and many professional men. Among its early acts were the formal abolition of the monarchy (September 21) and the establishment of the republic (September 22).
The struggles between two opposing Revolutionary factions, the Montagnards and the Girondins, dominated the first phase of the Convention (September 1792 to May 1793). The Montagnards favoured granting the poorer classes more political power, while the Girondins favoured a bourgeois republic and wanted to reduce the power of Paris over the course of the Revolution. Discredited by a series of defeats in the war they promoted against the anti-Revolutionary European coalition, the Girondins were purged from the Convention by the popular insurrection of May 31 to June 2, 1793.
The Montagnards controlled the Convention during its second phase (June 1793 to July 1794). Because of the war and an internal rebellion, a revolutionary government with dictatorial powers (exercised by the Committee of Public Safety) was set up. As a result, the democratic constitution approved by the Convention on June 24, 1793, was not put into effect, and the Convention lost its legislative initiative; its role was reduced to approving the Committee’s suggestions.
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The planet Venus goes around the Sun every 224.7 Earth days, but takes 243 Earth days to spin on its axis, making its year shorter than its day.
Reacting against the Committee’s radical policies, many members of the Convention participated in the overthrow of the most prominent member of the Committee, Maximilien Robespierre, on 9 Thermidor, year II (July 27, 1794). This Thermidorian Reaction corresponded to the final phase of the Convention (July 1794 to October 1795). The balance of power in the assembly was then held by the moderate deputies of The Plain (La Plaine). The surviving Girondins were recalled to the Convention, and the leading Montagnards were purged. In August 1795 the Convention approved the constitution for the regime that replaced it, the bourgeois-dominated Directory (1795–99). | <urn:uuid:14362ec8-d33c-430e-aa17-019b27aa88dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Convention | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966072 | 503 | 3.984375 | 4 |
Living The Infinite Way: Chapter Five, God as Law in Operation
- They do not realize that there is a law in operation much greater and more powerful than any law ever written into the statutes of any nation. I was thinking of this recently in connection with forgiveness. An occasion arose in which forgiveness was almost out of the question, and regardless of all the unfoldment and understanding that had been given through the writings of The Infinite Way, there seemed to be no way to bring forgiveness into this ... Probably every one of us has, in a measure, believed that some of our inharmonies and discords are due to other people, and right here is where we must bring the law of forgiveness into the picture. The first thing we ask ... Forgiveness is also a law of God. The Master made it very clear that we were to forgive even our enemies-those who hate us and persecute us, those who despitefully use us-and if necessary we were to forgive them seventy times seven! Here is a law of God, which every one of us has been violating. We have not forgiven our enemies, and certainly we have not forgiven seventy times seven. Forgiveness is one of the important ... some error in our experience, is due to someone else, either in the present, the past, or possibly in the future, and so we have violated the law of forgiveness. We cannot violate the law of God without suffering for it! ... As we study the Master's teaching in the Gospels, we find these laws of love and forgiveness and also the law of service. "For I was an hungered, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, ... Therefore, the only way we can love God with our whole heart and soul, with our whole mind, body, and being, is by loving man. That love is made manifest not only in the service we give to man, the kindness and forgiveness, ... If we discover that we have not sufficiently kept the law of love or the law of forgiveness, we should not be too critical of ourselves, but acknowledge that that is where we have fallen down and, at this moment, recognize ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...ve, God as Law in Operation.pdf
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Man Was Not Born to Cry: Chapter 8, Rising Above This World
- ~ 8 ~ RISING ABOVE "THIS WORLD" As human beings, we are made up of theories and beliefs-false education, false religious knowledge, and superstition. For example, there are few persons in all this land who do not believe that God punishes and God rewards, and furthermore that God will destroy all their enemies and discords if, through some kind of hocus-pocus or abracadabra, they can get on the right side of God. It is difficult to empty out the old bottles and free ourselves from the concepts to which we have clung throughout the years. It is not easy to develop a flexibility which permits the old forms to be broken up, making way for the new wine of the spirit. Every time we are faced with some absolute spiritual truth, we unconsciously reject it and then experience repercussions because of the inner conflict that is set up. We are continually looking back and comparing this new truth with what we have heretofore believed and which is so firmly rooted in us that it really goes beyond belief to absolute conviction. In fact, we would sacrifice almost anything in the world before we would give up our cherished beliefs. "The Wisdoms of The Infinite Way" 1 contain some of this new wine that will help sweep aside old concepts. Every one of these "Wisdoms" came through revelation, most of them by my being awakened in the middle of the night and having to get up and write down the particular "Wisdom" that revealed itself. All told, they comprise only a few pages, and yet the contents of those few pages were two years in being unfolded to me. The study of these "Wisdoms" can carry the student into a whole new realm of consciousness as it has already done with some of the few students who were given these "Wisdoms" for study and meditation long before they were released to the public in an additional chapter in The Infinite Way. All Illusion Is a Mental Image in Thought From birth, we are faced with appearances, which are the source of all the troubles that befall us. To ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/... 8, Rising Above This World.pdf
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Practicing the Presence: Chapter X, The Vision to Behold
- CHAPTER X THE VISION TO BEHOLD In the beginning in the Edenic days, man was complete, whole, and harmonious- one with God. By the grace of God everything flourished, and there was peace. What man is now striving to attain in his search for God is the re-establishment of that Edenic state of complete peace and harmony, a state in which we are not at war with one another, but in love with one another; a state in which we do not deprive others, but share and give to others. The hope of man has been that by finding some supernatural power he would be able to recapture that state of bliss on earth. It must be clear to every thinking person, however, that in his attempt to find harmony, man has been searching in the wrong way and in the wrong place. Individual harmony and world peace will never be established by searching for some supernatural power. Man's need is to re-establish himself in his original Edenic estate which is oneness with God. Hundreds of years of frustration and failure should have proved to the world that it is not the work of a God to do this for us: It is our work to do it for ourselves by establishing that original relationship of oneness. The Master said, "Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free." Nowhere does he indicate that this is God's responsibility. Time and time again he reiterates that it is our responsibility: "Ye shall know the truth . . . Ye shall love the Lord thy God . . . Ye shall love thy neighbor as thyself . . . Ye shall pray for the enemy . . . Ye shall forgive seventy times seven . . . Ye shall bring the tithes into the storehouse." In no place and at no time does he place the responsibility for our sense of separation from God upon God, but upon us. To us is addressed the entire teaching of Jesus Christ-not to God, to us. Lest, however, we should flounder, the Master has given us the way, the where, the when, and the how of this demonstration of unity: The way is prayer; the where is the kingdom of God within ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...ter X, The Vision to Behold.pdf
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Seek Ye First: Chapter 1, The Inner Kingdom
- In fact, it must be expected that it be difficult because we are embarking on an almost impossible task, that is, unless our determination is such that we are willing to put up with the difficulties inevitably to be encountered in the beginning. Forgiveness and Salvation Now In the years devoted to this work, I have noted some things that are helpful to students and that make these first months ... The woman taken in adultery and forgiven by the Master had to accept her forgiveness now and stop living in the past. The thief on the cross had to accept his salvation now and forget those things that were behind. So must we, regardless of the nature or the degree of our materialistic living, sickly, sinful, or poverty-stricken living. There comes a time when we bid it goodbye and start over with the word now, and let now mark the beginning of our new birth. Dropping the Burdens of the Past Now, here where I am, God is. Now God is; now God is closer than breathing; now the Father is saying, "Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine."3 In this moment of silent receptivity, the Father says, "Drop your burdens, let Me carry the load. Let Me give you forgiveness, let Me be the ... But we take no thought for the love flowing back to us; we let it flow as one of the added things. We live in a continuous state of now expressing love. The love that we express today must become a continuing experience, a love that we express through forgiveness, understanding, sharing. Every opportunity to express love that is presented to us we must accept, and not ask, "Where is it going to ... All is within me: the bread, the meat, the wine of life. It takes a few months, even years, to break this attachment to the outer world, to break the belief that we are dependent on man for justice, for loans, for forgiveness, or for our support, but we can do it if we can remember the word now: Now I and the Father are one. Now do I draw upon the kingdom of God within me. Now do I seek living ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...hapter 1, The Inner Kingdom.pdf
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Spiritual Discernment: Chapter 7, Is
- Chapter Seven Is God is. That is the ultimate of spiritual wisdom. There is only God. Nothing else is; nothing else exists; nothing else has presence; nothing else has power. We could even eliminate the word God and just say, "Is." That which Is, is; and that which Is, is all that is; and the only time that anything can be Is, is now. Is cannot take place yesterday. Is cannot take place tomorrow. The only place for Is, is here; and the only time for Is, is now. Nothing is except here, and nothing is except now. In that realization we are released instantly from any mental attempt to make anything happen or appear. Heretofore while we have known, or at least agreed, that God is, we have also undertaken to heal, reform, enrich, or employ those who turn to us for help through some kind of mental or spiritual process. We are released from that in the realization of Is. No one can make something happen in the future, if now is the only time; and if now is God's time, no one can even make something happen now. The whole practice becomes the continuous recognition of Is. Infinity is; immortality is; life is; harmony is; wholeness is; completeness is: "That which I am seeking, I am."1 After years of study we come to a state of consciousness where the weight falls off our shoulders and we no longer labor under the heavy responsibility of trying to save anyone. Now we rest in the truth that God's work is done: completeness is; perfection is; harmony is. And what about the world of error? It is the illusion of sense that goes on and will go on forever in the minds of those who struggle under a sense of separation from God and a sense that there is a selfhood apart from God to be redeemed or to be saved. When we arrive at that state of consciousness, we are the light unto all who turn to us. We cannot be a light running around the universe looking for someone to light up any more than a lighthouse has to run around the ocean looking for ships. It stands still, and the ships ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/... Discernment_ Chapter 7, Is.pdf
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The World Is New: Chapter 14, God Is Not Mocked
- ~ 14 ~ GOD IS NOT MOCKED THE REAL PURPOSE OF SPIRITUAL TEACHING is not merely to show students how to make the demonstration of daily living and daily harmony, nor even the demonstration of peace and health in a human way. There is something more important in life than making the organs of the body a little healthier, or prolonging physical life a few years, or increasing a person's income by ten or even a thousand dollars a week. The real import of The Infinite Way is that we realize that life is Spirit and therefore our individual expression of that life must be spiritual and our entire existence show forth the harmonies and perfections of Spirit, and not merely physical health and wealth. Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting. Galatians 6:7,8 "Be not deceived; God is not mocked." Judging the world from the evidence of the five physical senses, we would have to admit that God is mocked. Surely, God never planned for Its creation any such scenes or experiences as we witness in the human world, and so, judging by human experience and from what we see about us of sin, disease, wars and depressions, it is practically impossible to believe that God is not mocked. "For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth." 1 How can we reconcile that statement with the statistical fact that not only are our highways filled with death every day, but that we send the flower of our youth off to war to make sure they get killed even faster than would be the normal incidence in traffic accidents? Yes, in the human scene, God is mocked. Anyone who has ever spent any amount of time in healing work-spiritual, mental or medical-or with those suffering from cancer or tuberculosis would certainly be tempted to agree that God is mocked. Yet Scripture says that God is not mocked. It also says ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...apter 14, God Is Not Mocked.pdf
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Awakening Mystical Consciousness: Chapter 5, Our Real Identity
- ~ 5 ~ OUR REAL IDENTITY TODAY, with all the conflict, warfare, and turmoil, it appears the world is bent on destroying itself. In this overturning, people of themselves have no strength, intelligence, or love. "For by strength shall no man prevail." 1 This destruction or crucifixion going on throughout the world is really the crucifixion of the belief in personal power, personal will, and the sense of an identity separate and apart from the One. That is all that is being crucified. Anyone holding on to the belief that he has a personal life to save or lose, a personal fortune to protect, or a personal will and dominion may be crucified because those beliefs must be rooted out in order for God's glory to fill the earth and for man to stand forth in the fullness of Christhood. What can I desire besides Thee? If I had all the earth and Thee, I would have no more than if I just had Thee. But if I had all the earth and had not Thee, then I would have nothing except a void still waiting to be filled. I realize the uselessness of desiring, wishing, and hoping because in the stillness I know Thou art with me. Thou art the light of my being. Never can I feel God's presence until I am in the silence. But after I have attained a stillness and silence, I can carry it out into the world for a few hours, when again I must retire for renewal of the assurance. It is not that God is not omnipresent; but in the turmoil of the world and the activity of the human mind, I am apt to develop a sense of separation, a feeling of being apart. So I come back into this silence for a moment to reassure myself and feel that divine Presence. THE INVISIBILITY OF SPIRITUAL IDENTITY This life I am experiencing is not my life but God's life: infinite, eternal, and immortal. This body that is my vehicle of expression is God's body. If it were mine, it would be separate and apart from God; and how would I preserve it? But this is not my body; it is the body of God in one of Its infinite forms and ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...hapter 5, Our Real Identity.pdf
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Consciousness Is What I Am: Chapter 2, The False & Right Sense of I
- ~ 2 ~ THE FALSE AND RIGHT SENSE OF I The Infinite Way reveals that God is infinite individual being and, therefore, God constitutes our being. Whatever is spiritual, eternal, and immortal in us is God-being. That which is mortal, human, and finite is not an expression of God but an illusion and cannot be raised up to the atmosphere of Christhood. It must "die," but that death is not what normally is thought of as death. It is the death of the false concept of God and man that has been built up throughout the years, which constitutes what may be called the human experience. As we "die daily" 1 to that human experience, we are reborn into the spiritual experience. Jesus acknowledged his sonship with the Father, and at the same time denied power to his humanhood when he said, "I can of mine own self do nothing." 2 Can we hope to do more than Jesus did and claim more for ourselves than he claimed? When he was called "Good Master," 3 Jesus even went so far as to deny that. "Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God." 3 The truth is that God, the Father, appears individually as God, the son. If we were to say that we express God, we would be trying to have some power of our own. But this we do not have. God, being infinite, God alone can express Itself, and God expresses Itself as individual being. It is God expressing, not man expressing, and God expressing becomes you and me in our spiritual identity. God always is the presence and God always is the power. Never do we have power, never. All power is God-power as it flows forth from the Godhead, appearing as our individual capacity. If it were your capacity or mine, it would be limited, but because all capacity is God-capacity, it is infinite. Jesus understood his own nothingness and thus became the instrument through which the allness of God could appear. Potentially anyone who can sufficiently understand the nothingness of humanhood can in that degree show forth God's allness. THE TROUBLEMAKER ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...he False & Right Sense of I.pdf
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Rising in Consciousness: Chapter 13, God Is Not Mocked
- ~ 13 ~ GOD IS NOT MOCKED IT HAS BECOME MORE AND MORE CLEAR to me that the real purpose of spiritual teaching is not merely making the demonstration of daily living, daily harmony, even peace and health, in the human way. There is a higher sense to life than making the organs of the body a little healthier, or making physical life last a few years longer, or increasing one's income by ten dollars a week, or even a thousand dollars a week. Realize that life is spirit; therefore our individual expression of that life must be spiritual, and our entire existence can show forth the harmonies and perfections of spirit, and not merely physical health and wealth. This is the message. Now, one of the scriptural passages that opens to us a great deal of this thought is the one we are using as the basis for tonight's talk. Let me read a line from the book of Galatians, chapter six: "Be not deceived, God is not mocked; for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the spirit shall of the spirit reap life everlasting." 1 Be not deceived; God is not mocked. If you look out at the human world, I am sure you will contend that God is mocked. When you see the sin, the disease, the wars, the depressions, it is an impossibility to believe this verse, "God is not mocked." Surely, God has never planned such scenes as we witness in the human world for its creation. Therefore, if we were to judge by the human experience, we would have to agree that God is mocked. We are told that God said: "I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth," 2 yet not only are the highways filled with death every day, but we send out the flower of youth to make sure they get killed off even faster than we would normally do it in traffic! Yes! In the human scene, God is mocked. Anyone who has ever spent any amount of time in spiritual healing work, any measure of time with people suffering with cancer and ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...apter 13, God Is Not Mocked.pdf
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The Altitude Of Prayer: Chapter 3, Bringing Our Gift To The Altar
- It does not mean that we attempt to compel them to be on good terms with us; it means that we, in our hearts, bear no grievance toward anyone. To pray for someone else's forgiveness has no power, insofar as influencing God in our behalf, but praying for our enemies is a release to us. It is an acknowledgment that we have held somebody in bondage to a wrong and, therefore, it is really asking for our own forgiveness. ... As we are shown the things about ourselves that require correction, we enter into the spirit of forgiveness. We cannot attain the realization of God without making of ourselves a fitting temple to receive God. This does ... They know not what they do. I pray that Thy grace fill their hearts and Thy forgiveness touch their lives. ATTAINING THE ATTITUDE AND ALTITUDE OF PRAYER Prayer which takes an attitude of praying for the world and reaches that high altitude of forgiveness and of praying for the enemy is a way of life. An attitude of forgiveness and the altitude that comes from praying for the enemy must be reached in order that we may be unselfed, because only in being ... We do not condone his faults; we do not agree that he should go on in his evil ways. We understand that all evil is the product of ignorance, and therefore we pray for his forgiveness. When we live in that attitude toward ... PRAYING WITH AN UNCONDITIONED MIND We should never permit ourselves to be defiled by thinking defiling thoughts of others. Toward those whom we see in what we think of as sin, our attitude must always be one of forgiveness... RESPECT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL THROUGH THE REVELATION OF SPIRITUAL IDENTITY As we rise into the consciousness of this truth and know it, it frees us from the belief that we are human beings in need of forgiveness. It frees us ... It is not the love that comes to us from God; it is not the love that comes to us from other persons, high or low. The Master taught that love must be expressed in forgiveness, in praying for the enemy, and in all forms of ...
URL: http://acropolisbooks.com/...nging Our Gift To The Altar.pdf
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Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength structures which are designed to control light characteristics, such as its polarisation, amplitude, and phase. The metasurface optical behaviour originates from the collective electromagnetic wave resonance within the nanostructures and allows the development of a new type of integrated photonic devices such as phase-matching-free nonlinear wavelength convertors and convolutional image processors. However, due to the fixed geometry of the metasurface structural units, finding a reversible and dynamic way to alter their optical output remains a challenge.
In this seminar, I will present an application that utilises the controllable reflection and transmission metasurface properties for designing optical cavities. Then, I will discuss polarisation tuning as a tool to control the third-harmonic generation process in metasurfaces. Finally, I will cover thermal tuning as a versatile way for dynamically and reversibly altering metasurface optical response.
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Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #5384 - נָשֶׁה
1) vein, nerve, tendon (in the thigh)
1320) sn (נסה NSh) AC: Loan CO: Debt AB: Deception: The pictograph n is a picture of a seed representing continuance, the s is a picture of teeth representing pressure. Combined these mean "continual pressing". An imposition such as a debt or deception which causes oppression. (eng: gnash)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
נָשֶׁה m. Gen. 32:33, i.q. Arab. نَسًا a nerve or tendon passing through the thigh and leg to the ancles, nervus ischiaticus. The derivation is unknown. [Referred to נָשָׁה I. in Thes.]
the Week of Proper 15 / Ordinary 20 | <urn:uuid:ee3f1284-3620-4c74-a2f6-203146b511e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studylight.org/lexicons/eng/hebrew/5384.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.802083 | 250 | 2.390625 | 2 |
From roof repairs to updating your insulation, there are many ways in which you can take care of your home – and many ways in which you should be. After all, owning a home comes with a large number of responsibilities that you should be prepared to take on and regular maintenance should be a typical part of your home upkeep. However, regular servicing is likely not always going to cut it, and sometimes you will need to make more extensive repairs and renovations.
Take a look at your insulation, for instance. Insulation is an important part of the temperature regulation of any home, and can save you money or cost you extra money, depending on the quality of the insulation itself as well as the quality of the installation of the insulation. A foam sealant insulation kit should only be handled by a professional with experience with said foam sealant insulation kit, as a foam sealant insulation kit is too difficult to misuse if you do not have the proper training and experience. However, a foam sealant insulation kit is likely to be well worth it in the end, as spray foam insulation and spray foam kits like the foam sealant insulation kit are growing and growing in popularity because they have been so successful for so many. In fact, installing spray foam insulation in your home with a foam sealant insulation kit is likely to reduce your total energy costs, both those linked to heating as well as to air conditioning, by as much as sixty percent. This is a considerable drop in cost by any standards, and is not one that should be overlooked. Because a foam sealant insulation kit will likely provide your home with very effective insulating effects, you should also be able to turn your thermostat down a little lower than you normally would have been able to. And just by reducing your thermostat by as little as seven degrees, you can save as much as ten percent of your yearly energy costs. While this might seem like a small percentage, it looks different when you put it into perspective. Heating and cooling costs alike make up as much as half (just about fifty percent) of all energy usage in the typical home. So saving ten percent off of this cost might be more considerable and more notable than you first realize.
Aside from renovating your insulation with the use of a foam sealant insulation kit, you will also need to provide regular maintenance and servicing – and sometimes even repairs – to your roof. After all, the quality of your roof has a lot to do with the overall integrity of your home. A roof should be inspected at least twice a year, but should be repaired as soon as a problem is noticed. While this might be expensive, it will be far less expensive than waiting on repairs and letting the problem become worse and worse and likely far more extensive and damaged than it originally was. Fortunately, the vast majority of roof repairs needed are small scale. Small scale roof repairs typically do not cost much more than four hundred dollars and if the repair in need is particularly small, the total price of the repair might even drop to below two hundred dollars. However, larger scale roof repairs will be much more expensive even though they are still very much (if not even more so) necessary. Though the average cost of roof repair here in the United States sits at just about seven hundred and seventy dollars, roof repairs that are needed on a larger scale can cost upwards of one thousand dollars.
There will also come a time when your roof needs to be replaced, though this time will vary depending on the material that your roof is made out of. For roofs made from asphalt shingles, this can be anywhere from fifteen to twenty years after installation, if the roof has been cared for well. Metal roofs tend to last longer – sometimes for up to fifty years if not even more. Choosing your new roof should be based on your budget as well as what you are looking for in a roof. | <urn:uuid:c4cd7dd6-cfc9-4ab9-8097-6741850ab99e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mossbauer.org/the-importance-of-taking-good-care-of-your-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978247 | 785 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Nagatoro is a tourist spot surrounded by the beauty of nature, located about two hours from the heart of Tokyo. It has flourished as a tourist area since the end of the 19th century, and currently receives 2 million visitors a year. The entirety of Nagatoro Town is designated as the Prefectural Nagatoro Tamayodo Natural Park, and both banks of the Arakawa river that flows through its center are designated as places of scenic beauty and natural monuments.
Nagatoro can be enjoyed all year round, with plum blossoms, cherry blossoms, and many other flowers, hiking trails, water sports, and numerous interactive activities.
It is said that the Funadama festival started as a festival dedicated to the God of Water as a prayer for the safety of boatmen on water going downstream the Arakawa river.
Lanterns are floated down the river and boats with paper lanterns attached are sailed up and down the river.
At night, fireworks are set off from the far bank to the applause of spectators moved by their beauty and impact. It is held every year on August 15.
Nagatoro Valley is 6 km long in total and is designated a place of scenic beauty and natural monument.
The valley contains Iwadatami that is a rock formation exposed over a width of 80 m and a length of 500 m along the Arakawa river.
It was named Iwadatami because the rocks look like successive layers of tatami overlapping each other.
Throughout the Nagatoro Valley, you can enjoy looking at the formative beauty of nature that was created by changes in the earth's crust and erosion by the river.
River boating has been enjoyed in Nagatoro since the beginning of the 20th century, and is one of the town's major attractions, bringing in 200,000 visitors a year.
Ride a boat handled by a skilled boatman and view the gorgeous valley that is a natural monument while cruising down powerful rapids and gentle currents. | <urn:uuid:126131f8-e332-4293-af82-fa1c709fc20b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chichibu-omotenashi.com/en/nagatoro.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.970898 | 417 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Benefits of Eating Konjac Food
With the further development of the social level and the improvement of our own conditions, our dietary choices have become more and more diverse. Some of these ingredients can play a good role in improving the body, and konjac is one of them. Konjac, as one of the top ten health foods identified by the World Health Organization, has a very significant improvement in all aspects of the body. Low Calories Low Fat Konjac Fettuccine Pasta Shirataki Instant Konjac Noodles Foods.
What are the health benefits of eating konjac regularly?
Efficacy One: Lowering Blood Lipids
Konjac is a very good food for people with hyperlipidemia. Konjac contains a substance called mucin, which can effectively reduce cholesterol, and the increase in cholesterol is one of the main culprits of high blood lipids. Therefore, konjac can play a certain role in assisting blood lipid lowering, thereby preventing various cardiovascular diseases and arteriosclerosis.
Effect Two: Improve Resistance
Konjac is also very helpful in improving resistance. It contains a variety of nutrients, which can effectively supplement the nutrients needed by the human body. If the nutrients can keep up, the natural body’s immunity will also be effective. improvement.
Efficacy Three: Help Digestion
Konjac contains soluble fiber, which can increase the peristalsis rate of the stomach and help the stomach to recover more effectively. Therefore, for patients with some mild gastrointestinal diseases, it can also play a role in eating konjac properly.
Efficacy Four: Control Sugar
For diabetic patients, it is also possible to eat konjac properly to have a good sugar control effect. Konjac contains chromium element, which can delay the body’s absorption of glucose, especially after eating, the sugar in the body will increase significantly, and eat some konjac properly when eating to avoid because of Elevated blood sugar caused by diet. Moreover, the control of blood sugar by konjac is different from that of hypoglycemic drugs. It will control the sugar in the body to a reasonable level, so that the blood sugar will not suddenly drop after taking hypoglycemic drugs, resulting in hypoglycemia. Therefore, we said that the effect of konjac on blood sugar is to control sugar rather than lower it.
Efficacy Five: Reduce Fire and Relieve Pain
Konjac is a cold food material. For some people who often get angry, they can take konjac to reduce fire to a certain extent. And in ancient times, konjac was used for pain relief. Some patients with low back and leg pain can wrap konjac in warm cloth and put it on the painful area, so as to play a certain pain relief effect. | <urn:uuid:158232d9-882c-4858-a500-5f3376d182ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.stybio.com/the-benefits-of-eating-konjac-food/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934749 | 585 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A 2 day old baby roe deer was found wandering in a field at Horley yesterday (Thursday). Trevor Weeks Rescue Coordinator for East Sussex Wildlife Rescue and Ambulance Service (WRAS), drove to Horley where the deer had been picked up and bedded down in the finders' bedroom. The baby roe deer was seen with its mother at 10am in the morning. Local residents monitored the field and baby after the mother was disturbed and ran off leaving the baby alone. After 4 hours the mother had not returned and the baby had started to wander in the open. Local residents decided to pick up the deer and bring him in. WRAS was called and by the time Trevor arrived the mother still had not appeared.
"The baby deer was not calling for mum which can indicate a lack of a maternal bond between the mum and baby" said Trevor, "when this happens it is very difficult to reunite baby with mum. On seeking advice from Les Stocker from St Tiggywinkles Wildlife Hospital we agreed to transport the baby deer up to their hospital at Haddenham in Buckinghamshire for their specialist deer team to take on and hand rear."
The baby deer which has been named Trevor by the deer team at St Tiggywinkles who bottle fed the deer before settling him down.
"When finding a baby deer or other mammal it is important not to jump to the conclusion that it is abandoned. Normally young are left hidden in bushes by their parents which is normal. Many people are surprised to find out that the mother spends only a limited period of time with her young. The mother does not want to draw attention to her young by being with the baby all the time."
Anyone who finds a baby deer should contact WRAS on 07815078237 for advice. If anyone would like sponsor or make a donation to help WRAS carry out its valuable work please visit our donation page.
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Press Contact: Trevor Weeks, East Sussex WRAS, 07931 523958Share this! | <urn:uuid:65253fcf-5f0f-4054-b495-b25be952b8da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wildlifeambulance.org/orphaned-2-day-old-deer-rescued/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978852 | 414 | 1.664063 | 2 |
- BUDGEE FLAG
- A late 17th, early 18th Century English/UK naval term, now obsolete, for an
ensign that bore a union flag canton rather than a canton with the cross of St
George, and before 1707 for use only outside home waters (see also
‘budgee pendant’, ‘privateer jack’ and
English Red Ensign c1625 – 1707 Budgee Flag for
use outside home waters until 1707, then British Red Ensign 1707 – 1801 (fotw)
Please note that prior to 1707, as far as can be discovered, the budgee flag was invariably a red ensign –
see ‘red ensign 2)’.
- BUDGEE JACK
- See ‘privateer jack’, and for background on the term see also
‘budgee flag’ and
‘budgee pendant’ below.
Budgee/Privateer Jack until 1801. UK
- BUDGEE PENDANT (or PENNANT)
- A late 17th, early 18th Century English/UK naval term, now obsolete, for a
red swallow-tailed pennant which bore a union flag rather than the cross of St
George at its hoist for use as a pennant of distinction by senior captains in
command of a formation of ships outside home waters – a union pendant (see also
‘pendant of distinction’,
‘union jack’ and
The Budgee Pendant c1700, England (CS)
a) As far as is known the budgee pendant
had disappeared by 1710
b) The Editors – whilst no firm evidence could be
found – have taken the colour of the pendant’s fly from that of the standard
distinction pennant as introduced in 1674.
- BUDDHIST FLAG
- A flag with a number of variations symbolizing Buddhism, most often (but not
invariably) showing five vertical and five horizontal stripes and first raised in 1885
(see also ‘chakra’,
‘religious flag’ and
"Standard" Buddhist Flag (fotw) with those used in
- BUDDHIST WHEEL OF LAW
National Flag of Thailand 1782 – 1817 (fotw)
- In largely (but not exclusively) US usage, a term for that shade of beige, which corresponds
to uniform facings worn during the American War of Independence by some general officers and
by many line regiments of the Continental infantry.
Flag of Southampton, New York, US (fotw); Flag of
New Jersey, US (fotw); Flag of
Winchester, Virginia, US (fotw);
a) Buff was also one of the facing colours used by the British army at the time of the American War of Independence – see ‘facing colour’.
b) It is suggested that use of the facings mentioned
above could have derived from the buff-coloured (leather) coats worn by both infantry and
cavalry in the 17th Century.
- BUGLE HORN
- The heraldic term that covers any type of traditional, musical horn – a hunting horn or post horn etc. (see also ‘stringed’).
Flag of Bojanów, Poland (fotw);
Flag of Stralendorf, Germany (fotw);
Flag of Cornellŕ del Terri, Spain (fotw)
- BUILDING SITE FLAG (or BSF)
- See ‘logo on a bed sheet’.
Flag of the State of Minnesota, US (fotw)
- See ‘federal service flag’.
Budesdienstflaggen/Federal Service Flags of Austria and
- BULLOCK PENNANT
- In 18th Century French naval usage the term, now obsolete, for a red pennant
hoisted from the flagship to signal that a ration bullock had just been slaughtered
(see also ‘beef flag’,
Conjectural image (Željko Heimer)
Please note, information suggests that this term -
a direct translation of the French "flamme de boeuf" - may have ceased after 1792,
however, this is not certain.
- An alternative spelling, now largely obsolete, of bunting – see ‘bunting 1)’.
- 1) Strong, loosely woven cloth used for making flags, originally of cotton
and/or wool but sometimes of other fibres, and now largely replaced by synthetic
materials materials – buntine, bewper or beaufort (see also ‘breadth
- 2) A series of small, simple flags connected by a line, or a length of gathered
decorative fabric, generally in the national colours and usually hung or draped
between two anchor points. Often employed when flag usage would be inappropriate
or unsuitable (see also ‘fan’,
‘national colours’ and
‘rules of respect’).
- 3) In heraldry a species of bird as a charge.
- BUNTING TOSSER (or BUNTS)
- In British Royal Navy usage and some others, a traditional nickname for those sailors
in the signals branch whose duties include the care and hoisting of signal flags, flags
of command and ensigns etc. - but see ‘flags 1)’
(also ‘command pennant’,
‘flag of command’,
‘naval ensign’ under ‘ensign’,
‘yeoman of signals’).
- 1) The small distinguishing flag of a yacht or boating club, usually (but
not exclusively) either triangular or in the shape of a tapered swallowtail (see
also ‘broad pennant 3)’,
- 2) In obsolete naval usage, a term sometimes applied to the swallow-tailed
pennants used in flag signalling but see ‘burgee command pennant’ ’ (also
‘international code of signals’,
‘signal flag’ and
Royal Lymington Yacht Club
UK, Burin Sailing Club, Croatia (fotw) and Knysna Yacht Club RSA (fotw)
Please note, it is suggested by some sources that
the term derives from ‘budgee’ which it is proposed was an alternative 17th Century
name for bunting (see also ‘budgee flag’ and
- BURGEE COMMAND PENNANT
- In US naval usage, a pennant that is flown at the main masthead in place of
the commission (or masthead) pennant to indicate the presence on board of an officer
in command of a formation of vessels (or an aircraft wing), but who holds the
rank of captain or lower - see ‘broad command pennant’
(also ‘broad pennant’,
‘burgee command pennant’, command pennant’,
‘flag of command’,
‘masthead pennant 1)’ and
Burgee Command Pennant, US (fotw)
Please note however, that the US practice of displacing
the commission (or masthead) pennant by the burgee or the broad command pennants
differs from general naval practice where the various command pennants (excepting
the broad pennant) are usually (but not invariably) flown in addition and subordinate
to the masthead pennant.
- BURGUNDY CROSS
- See ‘ragged cross’.
Flag of The Carlists, Spain (fotw)
- BURIAL FLAG
- See ‘pall flag’.
- In heraldry see ‘flamant’ (also ‘inflamed
Arms and Flag of Karasjok, Norway (fotw)
- (v) In Scottish usage a term to describe the decoration of a finial with | <urn:uuid:e09f6506-29e2-4da6-9a5f-fe4e6d322c6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://areciboweb.50megs.com/fotw/flags/vxt-dvb8.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.841632 | 2,090 | 3.46875 | 3 |
On November 17th my mother, Sulie Spencer, will celebrate her 40th anniversary of beating breast cancer in 1976. It also happens to be my parent’s wedding anniversary date. Now that my father is no longer with us, it makes this day and anniversary all the more memorable and important to acknowledge.
In 1976 my mother was diagnosed with malignant like tendencies in her right breast. The doctors recommended that she have a full mastectomy. So at the age of 38, my mom tackled a disease that people didn’t say publicly nor was there much research or support for how to handle life after a breast cancer diagnosis.
Although several of my mother’s sisters and brothers and her employer did not win their battle with cancer, my mom did. She not only beat this monster once but twice. In August, 2002, she was diagnosed with breast cancer on the left side. Yes, 26 years later, it reared its ugly head again. This time her treatment was radiation and she reigns victorious 14-years over that fight with breast cancer.
In the ‘70s there weren’t many support groups nor were there stores where an African-American woman could get a brown prosthesis. So for years, my mom had an African-American chocolate colored boob and a Caucasian-flesh colored boob. She never let the disease or its impact alter her purpose or passion for living. Because of her determination, faith and strength, my mom has seen, done and experienced the world’s beauty and ensures she leaves a little bit of her inspiration with those she meets along the way.
It is my hope that you would join our family in acknowledging and celebrating this 40th year milestone with a special note and potentially a shout out on your show. I am sure this will be the catalyst that will propel her into the next 20 years of life, as she awaits the results from her chemo treatment in her third bout with cancer, this time lymphoma and mesothelioma.
My mother is a walking miracle and a great example of what faith in God, prayer and early detection can do. In each instance, the cancer has been found early and with a great medical team, she has been victorious.
Here’s a current photo of my mom and me at a 2016 award event.
Julie Spencer Washington | <urn:uuid:bca812d2-d013-4969-a86e-b319ed0f0016> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.godisbiggerthanministries.com/featured-story/sulie-gooden-spencer-40-year-breast-cancer-survivor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.975599 | 482 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The ground plan of your commercial kitchen is essential, however don’t forget to search for – the place the lighting should be put in. Good lighting is important for chefs who are sautéing, chopping, baking and arranging food on plates. They cannot be expected to do a great job if they cannot see correctly. Vents should be placed near dishwashers to deal with the steam and range hoods needs to be included in the design.
First, a bit requisite lingo to get you talkin’ the trade. Cupboards on partitions over the counter tops are referred to as “partitions”, cabinets sitting under counter tops are called “bases” and “talls” are cabinets that run from floor to ceiling, typically as pantries or similar. A commercial order for cabinets will checklist them in that order; Wall, Base, Tall. Typically cupboards are additionally known as “bins” for short, as in “What number of boxes on this order?” or “These boxes are really nice…” Makes you sound like you’re within the know…
* Embody the width of all sink cupboards in a run.
The proper kitchen and bathroom renovations experts will be capable of build a space that provides far more than easy repairs and added area. Quality designers will work exhausting to understand what you would like to see in your dream rooms and can work to include these features into your funds. In order for you a bath that lets you lie down and relax after a anxious day or a kitchen counter that’s big enough so that you can put together elaborate meals with out having to use areas on each aspect of the room, your designer will assist to make that work.
Luxurious kitchen furniture and appliances should slot in to your over all kitchen designs. Custom cupboards can be made out of any sort of wooden or have any sort of finish. They’ll have class panels and a metallic finish for the luxurious look. Customized cabinets could be made to provide the most storage you understand you’ll need. Should you use gadgets often, they can be set in a cubby on the counter or used on a pull out shelf. You’ll be able to design a luxury pantry that may accommodate your meals selections. Special drawers may also be created for cutlery. If your budget suits, you must have the finest appliances and devices in your luxurious kitchen designs. Some luxurious kitchen designs have a subzero refrigerator or a professional grade oven and range. Your kitchen should have a rubbish compactor and possibly a further freezer. Your cooking type should determine your whole luxurious kitchen appliance wants.
Is there a again door, a pantry or a basement door?
Ultimately, summer involves an end. I do not learn about you, however I like to grill in the winter too! Attempt a toe kick heater. A toe kick heater is built into the underside of the grill construction to maintain your toes warm within the winter. Just as an umbrella sleeve will maintain you snug in the summertime, a toe kick heater will let you prepare dinner outdoors all winter long. The delicate, modern design will permit you to stand by the grill until the meals is nicely finished. (Bear in mind, warmth rises. Toe kick heaters will not only maintain your toes warm but in addition be sure to do not freeze anything else off either.)
All you really need to know to design a system with a variety hood of this kind is the maximum quantity of BTU’s being generated by your vary with all burners going plus concerns as to ducting as explained previously. It’s also price listening to the amount of noise being generated by the fan system. Noise is measured in sones, the decrease the sone rating the quieter the fan-it is value paying slightly more to get these sones down! Again, I highly advocate that you just contact the Manufacturer’s customer support department to verify general system design and capacity of any venting system that you are contemplating. As an apart, you may see very smooth trying euro-model hoods that lack a sump, which means they have open sides and again-they don’t vent for beans, so overlook them.
We consider that the Foodservice Guide (Kitchen Designer) must be part of this early design course of. We are going to work with you and the Architect to establish the number of potential clients and operational features, which is able to considerably influence the design process. | <urn:uuid:ff6a7454-1c8b-4a14-88a1-0ef7486579a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aboutknives.net/dirty-facts-about-modern-kitchen-design-revealed.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956746 | 933 | 1.5 | 2 |
We are living in incredible times and the last two years has left many children are needing a little extra mental and emotional support to help them be the best they can be.
The new Relax Kids ME range has been developed to help children of all ages feel more rested, reassured and resilient.
These unique meditations are beautiful imagination aids to help induce states of relaxation, build life long skills and give children permission to enjoy quiet times and downtimes.
There are 7 titles in the range – each one created to support the various challenges that our modern day children are dealing with.
Calm ME – for fearful thoughts, overwhelm and stressful moments
Boost ME – for negative self-talk, self-doubt and low self- esteem
Soothe ME – for difficult bedtimes and restless sleep
Motivate ME – for low moods, lack of interest and mental fatigue
Focus ME – for scattered brains, wandering thoughts and concentration struggles
Cool ME – for hot heads, tense moments and dealing with life’s irritations
Comfort ME – for anxious feelings, low moods and sad days | <urn:uuid:94a0941a-ba44-4918-a14d-01d513f0ef73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://relaxkids.com/blogs/supporting-children-after-the-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.919567 | 225 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Teacher trainers say there’s no evidence that £30K bursaries are translating into more staff in classrooms
Throwing money at a problem is one way to make it look as if you’re doing something.
The Department for Education cites bursaries worth up to £30,000 a year for teacher trainees when it is asked increasingly pressing questions about how it is tackling shortages.
It’s a solution that’s certainly popular with physics graduates – as well as the rumoured “bursary tourists” from the European Union; teachers who are happy to come to England and train to teach their own language to the nation’s teenagers.
But it’s not going down well with a lot of others. Particularly the people whose job it is to make sure that the money being spent is actually solving any problems.
A report released by the National Audit Office (NAO) last week, Training New Teachers (see “By the numbers” in this week’s TES magazine) points out that the main problem is that it is not a long-term solution: “The department’s analysis shows a statistical link between bursaries and the number of applications to train…The department has not assessed the impact of bursaries on applicants’ success or the number who go on to qualify and teach.”
It also offers some numbers: £620 million was spent on bursaries in the five years to 2014-15 and £167 million is planned for both 2015-16 and 2016-17.
Here is another number that the report quotes: £22,244, the basic taxable starting salary for teachers outside London.
“There is a risk that recipients of bursaries will be disappointed by available salaries after qualification,” the NAO notes. Some people have put it rather more bluntly.
“The current bursary offer implies desperation,” the University of Cumbria said in its evidence to the Commons Education Select Committee late last year. “£30,000 is the maximum on offer for those willing to undertake a nine-month PGCE programme with no commitment to enter the teaching profession.
“What evidence is there to demonstrate that this is a good use of public funds?”
And St Mary’s University, Twickenham, was the first to suggest that the offer wasn’t just appealing to impoverished UK graduates.
“There is developing awareness of bursary tourists from EU in some subject areas, eg, secondary MFL,” the university told the committee last year. “This adds weight to the belief that we are developing a teacher training and development culture that rewards training at the expense of teaching with no requirement to actually enter the profession.”
Universities – whose entire raison d’être is to not only come up with bright ideas, but also check that they actually work – may be worth listening to.
“The effectiveness of the current financial recruitment initiatives should be re-examined with attention paid not merely to the supply of teachers but to their retention,” a joint submission from the Universities of Birmingham, Cambridge, Durham, Nottingham and Oxford reads. “There are concerns that many of those who may be attracted to fill training places by the offer of large bursaries, may fail to enter the profession at all, or leave the profession very quickly.”
The University of Southampton took a rather more cheery tone in its submission. “We would not want to suggest that bursaries are anything other than a good thing,” it said. “But there is evidence that offering the top physics graduates a £30,000 bursary, which will give them £21,000 tax-free during their training year, is attracting candidates who have no intention of staying in teaching beyond their training, which is not good for retention…We would like to see a more equitable spread of bursaries.”
So in summary, offering first-class physics graduates and top-ranking mathematicians and scientists money certainly seems to attract them into teacher training. But does it attract them into teaching? And does it mean they are better teachers?
The best-selling book Moneyball tells the story of Billy Beane, manager of the baseball team Oakland Athletics, who questioned what a player’s stats actually meant on the pitch.
While other clubs were spending large amounts of money to attract star players, Oakland concentrated on spending smaller amounts on players who may not have been individual stars, but whose contribution meant that the team as a whole was stronger.
And not only is there little evidence that bursaries as high as £30,000 are adding to the profession, some fear that they could even be damaging it (see the full range of financial incentives available).
It took Martin Thompson, executive director of the National Association of School-Based Teacher Trainers, to point out to the Commons committee that teaching was a team sport.
“If you want to teach primary and you have a 2:2, we will give you nothing, and if you have a first-class degree in maths and you are going to be teaching, we will give you £30,000,” he said. “If you take a collegiate approach, that is not how a school and schoolteachers would think among themselves.
“If you are going to talk about a profession, that is what you have to look at. It has to be something that is attractive to all.”
No one wants to discourage the government’s new-found largesse so much that it stomps off and refuses to throw any more money around.
But spending hundreds of millions on teacher training is a game that perhaps needs to be played with a little more finesse and a lot more information.
Teacher supply ‘risk’
The National Audit Office (NAO) has predicted a “significant risk” to the supply of trainee teachers in England if the government continues to fail to hit targets for numbers of new school staff.
In a report published last week, Training New Teachers, the public spending watchdog says that the Department for Education has missed its recruitment goal for the past four years.
In 2012-13, initial teacher training targets were missed by a margin of 1 per cent (528 places); in 2013-14 by 5 per cent (1,691); and in 2014-15 by 9 per cent (3,201). This year, the target was calculated differently (including Teach First but excluding undergraduate training) and missed by 6 per cent (1,639), with 33,209 starting training overall.
The DfE does not set regional targets for teacher recruitment. But the NAO used official figures to show the dramatic variations between the number of trainees in each region in 2015-16, when compared with pupil numbers.
The North West is the best served, with 547 teacher trainees for every 100,000 pupils. This is 86 per cent higher than the worst-served region, the East of England, with 294 per 100,000.
By calculating figures for 2013-14 in the same way, TES can reveal that the problem of regional variation has increased significantly over the past two years. The gap between the worst-served region (the East Midlands, with 324) and the best-served (the North West with 520) two years ago was 60 per cent.
North of the border, the Scottish government slashed teacher training places in 2010-11 because new teachers were failing to find work. But with schools now suffering teacher shortages, the country has had to increase its intake.
This is an article from the 19 February edition of TES. This week’s TES magazine is available in all good newsagents. To download the digital edition, Android users can click here and iOS users can click here | <urn:uuid:dd3abea6-c604-4d7f-90e3-b8dc41f65907> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.wisetutors.co.uk/recruitment-crisis-do-those-who-come-for-the-money-stay-for-the-pupils/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971292 | 1,654 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Because the each other Europeans and Jews’ populace gains had stayed behind immediately after 1936, they truly became actually-shorter minorities on second part of the Protectorate.
Once independence, that it became even truer. Desk step three.step one suggests united states you to definitely because Muslim population grew highly between 1952 and you can 1960, a population refuse took place the Western european and Jewish groups. The safety regarding Europeans had reduced more, and for that reason, a lot of people made a decision to come back to their property country. Moroccan Jews, just like their religious counterparts somewhere else globally, visited go to their promised Home: brand new recently mainly based condition out-of Israel. As a result of continued out-migration of the Moroccan Jews and you will Europeans, Casablanca’s people, just after 1970, was almost totally out-of Muslim urban area dwellers.
When the Casablanca had become Morocco’s financial support, it might possess drawn those who are internal migrants, just who today like Rabat given that a final appeal
Due to broadening metropolitan in-migration and you can, particularly, a sloping pure society progress, Casablanca’s populace proceeded to grow at the an excellent rate regarding very first decades adopting the Protectorate. While the quantity of rural-to-urban migrants whom paid in the Casablanca leftover increasing before the seventies, the cousin advantages got currently started initially to decline, because the sum off natural society progress enhanced. At that time up to 1970, delivery rates existed higher, if you are mortality come to decrease after that and additional. For that reason, the caliber of pure increase are enhanced.
When virility fundamentally visited ong rural migrants, the populace explosion that had begun on the 1930s seemed to have come to help you an end. Nevertheless, population progress has actually went on, therefore the United nations provides predict one to Casablanca gets specific four million population for the 2025. Even if migration no longer keeps a life threatening effect on Casablanca’s inhabitants increases, over 2 hundred,100 migrants entered Dar este Beida ranging from 1999 – when Queen Mohammed VI ascended new Moroccan throne additionally the inhabitants census off 2004. It is still a tremendous number and you can shows that Casablanca remains a serious receiver away from migrants.
Into the Casablanca, we discover an enormous sea vent and you can a large number out-of Morocco’s production facilities
Into the twentieth-century, rural-to-urban migration played a crucial role in the Morocco’s history. Evermore, tall quantities of country dwellers, arrived at settle forever when you look at the cities. Whereas in the period 1900-1912, to eight,800 citizens were per year utilized in Morocco’s urban people owing to inner migration, it matter risen to 193,one hundred thousand per year ranging from 1982 and you can 1994. Once we have previously viewed, extremely migrants flocked from the inner Moroccan countryside for the progressive seaside towns and cities finding works. Considering Roentgen. Escallier, Casablanca, Rabat, and you will Kenitra engrossed specific 53 percent of all of the internal migrants in 1900-1971. Of these the fresh urban area dwellers, 37 per cent appear to have settled inside Casablanca, 15 per cent made a decision to reside in Rabat, and you can a fraction lead to have Kenitra. More a million someone moved throughout the Moroccan countryside in order to Dar este Beida between your start of the twentieth-century and you may 1980. You will need to observe that Casablanca and you may Rabat didn’t appeal the same old migrants. While previous peasants and farming laborers essentially chosen Casablanca because an effective final interest, Rabat attracted people, exec professionals, public servants, and you will soldiers. Away from a socio-monetary angle, urban in-migrants from inside the Rabat be a little more extremely knowledgeable and revel in upward freedom more often than those in Casablanca.
The socio-monetary differences in regards to the urban within the-migrants into the Casablanca and you will Rabat has far regarding such a few cities’ diverging national services. While Rabat functions as Morocco’s resource, Casablanca ‘s the commercial hot-spot of the nation. Casablanca also serves as a nationwide shipments heart. It is the put where both Morocco’s imports and exports already been along with her. Inside feel, Casablanca was a local from laborers, dealers, and you may businessmen and you may -ladies. Rabat, by comparison, are a community off politicians and you will diplomats. Here we find the newest parliament, the new ministries, certain federal organizations, embassies, social organizations, etcetera. This is why, (future) proletarians make way most frequently to Casablanca, while people who have degree and higher ambitions always head to own Rabat. This is exactly why we finish you to Lyautey’s choice from inside the 1913 to make Rabat the country’s brand new funding was a very practical circulate, about of a generation perspective. It could has actually meant Casablanca experiencing so much more metropolitan trouble and you may your quantity of slum-dwellers would-have-been far more extensive than is the situation now. | <urn:uuid:6728b926-dce4-4786-9f57-a435edacc364> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://empleos.instacredit.com/emigration-to-correspondingly-european-countries-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.936795 | 1,116 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Original Article | Open Access
Huseyin Savas Gokturk, Mehmet Demir, Nevin Akcaer Ozturk, Gulhan Kanat Unler, Sevsen Kulaksizoglu, Ilknur Kozanoglu, Ender Serin, Ugur Yilmaz, "The Role of Ascitic Fluid Viscosity in the Differential Diagnosis of Ascites", Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 24, Article ID 896786, 5 pages, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/896786
The Role of Ascitic Fluid Viscosity in the Differential Diagnosis of Ascites
BACKGROUND: Ascites is defined as the pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It is the most common complication of cirrhosis, which is also the most common cause of ascites. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deform under shear stress. Plasma viscosity is influenced by the concentration of plasma proteins and lipoproteins, with the major contribution from fibrinogen. To our knowledge, the viscosity of ascitic fluid has not yet been studied.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of ascitic fluid viscosity in discriminating between ascites due to portal hypertension-related and nonportal hypertension-related causes, and to compare results with the serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG).METHODS: The present study involved 142 patients with ascites presenting with diverse medical problems. Serum total protein, albumin, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and complete blood count were obtained for all subjects. Paracentesis was performed routinely on admission and all ascitic fluid samples were evaluated by manual cell count with differential, ascitic fluid culture and biochemistry (total protein, albumin, glucose and LDH). Cultures of ascitic fluid were performed at bedside in all patients using blood culture bottles. Ascitic fluid viscosity was measured in a commercially available cone and plate viscometer.RESULTS: Of the 142 patients studied, 34 (24%) had an SAAG of 11 g/L or less, whereas 108 (76%) had an SAAG of greater than 11 g/L. Sex and mean age did not differ significantly between the two groups (P>0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, glucose, LDH levels, leukocyte count, ascitic fluid glucose levels and ascitic fluid leukocyte counts were similar in both groups, with no statistically significant relationship detected (P>0.05). However, the mean (±SD) ascitic fluid total protein (0.0172±0.1104 g/L versus 0.043±0.011 g/L), albumin (0.0104±0.0064 g/L versus 0.0276±0.0069 g/L) and LDH (102.76±80.95 U/L versus 885.71±199.93 U/L) were found to be higher in patients with an SAAG of 11 g/L or less than in those with an SAAG of greater than 11 g/L (P<0.001). The mean ascitic fluid viscosities were 0.86±0.12 centipoise (cP) and 1.22±0.25 cP in patients with an SAAG greater than 11 g/L and an SAAG of 11 g/L or less, respectively (P<0.001). Although ascitic fluid infection was detected in 35 patients (24.6%) (19 patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, seven patients with culture-negative neutrocytic ascites, three patients with monobacterial non-neutrocytic bacterascites and six patients with secondary bacterial peritonitis), no significant effect on ascitic fluid viscosity was detected. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ascitic fluid total protein, albumin and LDH levels were independent predictors of ascitic fluid viscosity (P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ascitic fluid viscosity for the discrimination between ascites due to portal hypertension-related and nonportal hypertension-related causes according to the SAAG were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Regarding the cut-off value of 1.03 cP, ascitic fluid viscosity measurement had a high sensitivity, specificity (98% and 80%, respectively), and positive and negative predictive value (79% and 94%, respectively) for the etiological discrimination of ascites.CONCLUSION: The measurement of ascitic fluid viscosity correlates significantly with SAAG values. In view of its simplicity, low cost, small sample volume requirement and allowance for measurement in previously frozen samples, measurement of ascites viscosity could be useful for the accurate and rapid classification of ascites.
Copyright © 2010 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:7f75bc18-4632-47e1-b747-4fb0253d92b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cjgh/2010/896786/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.915535 | 1,083 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Sajid Javid has said he is “confident” that a booster programme for coronavirus jabs can begin this month.
The health secretary told Kay Burley that he is awaiting advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) which should come “certainly in the next few days” and he believes the process can begin in September.
His comments came as the boss of COVID vaccine maker AstraZeneca said booster jabs may not be needed for everyone in the UK.
Chief executive Pascal Soriot said a nationwide rollout of third doses could put additional pressures on the NHS during the winter.
The JCVI, which advises the government on who should possibly get a third dose, is said to be awaiting results from the University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust’s Cov-Boost study, which is trialling seven different booster jabs.
Data is expected to be presented to the advisory body this week before it then publishes a decision.
The potential booster programme in the UK would give those most at risk from coronavirus extra protection ahead of the winter.
It would be designed to extend the already strong protection an individual has received from their first and second jabs.
Asked about the booster programme on Sky News on Wednesday, Mr Javid said: “In terms of who actually gets it and when, we’re waiting for final advice which could come across, certainly, in the next few days from the JCVI.”
He said the advice is expected to include information on whether people should get different vaccines to the ones they have already had or the same ones, adding: “I’m confident that we can start the booster programme this month.”
Vaccines minister Nadhim Zahawi told Sky News on Tuesday the booster programme was his “absolute priority” as it will “absolutely help us to transition the virus from pandemic to endemic status”.
Mr Zahawi did not deny that “firebreak” restrictions could be implemented in October if COVID-19 hospitalisations remain high – saying the decision depends on the success of the booster jab programme for the elderly and most vulnerable.
He later told MPs the programme is “ready to go” as soon as the scientific advice for the scheme is signed off.
Speaking to Sky News on Wednesday, Mr Javid said he has not thought about a so-called firebreak in October.
“I don’t think that’s something we need to consider. I haven’t even thought about that as an option at this point,” the health secretary said.
He added that no decisions are “risk-free” but insisted the “best defence” against another wave of the virus is the vaccine programme.
But the head of the World Health Organisation (WHO), Tedros Abhanom Ghebreyesus, said last month that booster shots in developed countries should be delayed to raise vaccination rates globally.
Data on plans for the general booster campaign is still being collected and analysed.
The current COVID vaccines have been shown to give good protection against severe disease for at least six months, and there is also evidence of longer-lasting protection.
But because any rise in cases would place pressure on the NHS, a booster protection plan for winter has been deemed necessary.
Who a booster jab should be offered to will be recommended by the JCVI.
Last month, the UK agreed to buy 35 million more doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine as a way to “future-proof” the jabs programme. | <urn:uuid:f28ca59c-3203-4f66-8c7b-35d313d9747b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thesmartincomeinvestor.com/2021/09/08/javid-confident-that-booster-programme-for-covid-jabs-will-begin-this-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961547 | 755 | 1.539063 | 2 |
For external use
Frankincense oil is essential oil obtained by water distillation of aromatic resin of the tree Boswellia serrata. Frankincense is one of the oldest fragrances and it is known for its relaxing and woody aroma.
- Soothes pain, swelling and rash in inflamed joints
- Regenerates and lifts the skin
- Reduces visible wrinkles and acne scars
- It has calming effect, reduces anxiety, nervous tension, insomnia
- It has positive effect on airways
Frankincense is the resin of Bosvellia tree which grows in North Africa, the Middle East and some parts of Asia. Frankincense oil is made by water distillation of dry resin. Aromatic frankincense resin has been well known for over 5000 years. It was initially used for smoking in religious ceremonies of ancient people. Even Hippocrates recommended chewing of frankincense with honey to fight cough and lung diseases. Arab physicians used the frankincense to stop bleeding from wounds and to heal wounds. Frankincense is found in the tomb of Tutankhamen and is also mentioned in the story about the birth of Jesus Christ, as a gift from one of the wise men who came to see the born saviour. One of the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra’s beauty secrets was exactly the frankincense oil thanks to which her face looked eternally young and immortal. Since it is not possible to raise because it grows only on its own habitat, frankincense is very valuable nowadays as well. That explains the fact that frankincense was once worth as much as gold.
Composition: 100% pure and natural frankincense oil.
Lat: Boswellia serrata.
Lat: Neto: 10ml
Release: Steam distillation
Packaging: glass bottle with a dropper. Cardboard packaging. | <urn:uuid:5d678fd4-4831-4fdb-8e46-f1430003843d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.probotanic.com/en/proizvod-2/frankincense-oil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.955951 | 390 | 2.5 | 2 |
Invest In Your Health Healthy Lifestyle Concept With Diet And Fitness Get Fit In Fitness
Ideal 7 day gym diet chart plan. while calories and macronutrients are important, the ideal gym diet must be one that positively influences health. this is a diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals where all three macronutrients are consumed and nutrient sparse foods are restricted. 5. zen gym diet plan: the zen diet focuses on eating slowly, enjoying meals, watching what you are eating and getting a good amount of sleep. it tells you to avoid sugar, rich and processed foods. this will help you lose weight permanently and also improve your health. 6. familiar food gym diet plan:. 50 gms sweet potato depending on weight. 150 200 gms chicken or fish 1 to 1.5 hours before a workout. post workout. the main aim of working out is to break down muscles so you can grow new muscle. Foods to focus on. the foods you eat don’t need to differ between the bulking and cutting phase — usually, it’s the amounts that do. meats, poultry and fish: sirloin steak, ground beef, pork. Stock your fridge and gym bag with healthy workout snacks. the right balance of carbohydrates, protein, and other nutrients can help fuel your exercise routine. last medically reviewed on february.
A Healthy Guide To Good Nutrition Fitness And Health
Diet and exercise. the key to successful weight loss is developing healthy diet and exercise habits. you may not like those words — diet and exercise. but don't get hung up on them. diet just means eating healthy, lower calorie meals. exercise means being more physically active. although people appropriately focus on diet when they're trying. Manoja. k is a post graduate in organic chemistry and has a bsc degree in clinical nutrition and dietetics (osmania university). she has over 8 years of experience in diet planning, nutrition, and fitness. her expertise lies in health related issues such as weight management, pcod, thyroid, obesity, and stress. Artichoke. 1 artichoke is said to contain 7 grams of fiber. they are low in fat, contribute to a healthy liver, and are a premium source of prebiotic that can be added to any of your meals. asparagus, banana, onions, garlic. asparagus, bananas, onions and garlic have become an essential part of a fitness pro or bodybuilding diet.
The Ultimate 7 Day Gym Diet Plan Healthifyme Blog
How To Eat To Build Muscle & Lose Fat (lean Bulking Full Day Of Eating)
the ultimate guide to body recomposition is available now! the speaker is very passionate about exercise, nutrition and health. he reflects that in the talk. jason found his passion for if you've attempted a weight loss diet plan of your own, then you're probably aware that at the end of the day, weight loss is all join chris heria as he shows you how to start eating healthy to begin changing your life today. follow along with him as he you need to make sure you're accomplishing 3 things for an effective muscle building diet plan: eating at a slight calorie deficit, there's a common misconception out there that eating healthy (and tasty) on a budget is impossible. but that's not true. you can join chris heria as he shows you 5 quick and healthy low calorie meals for weight loss and building lean muscle. learn how download my fitness app & get 25% off all fio premium plans: fiolife go premium fiowithjo subscribe: find out exactly what to eat before and after your workout. whether you train at the gym or at home your muscles need the right get my free guide here: joinmychallenge.gainsbybrains shred challenge & join my free shred weight gain is one of the major challenges for many people. however, proper nutrition along with correct workout pattern nutrition | beginner's tips: chew your food slow: sounds obvious i know, but just remember it's better for a couple reasons, | <urn:uuid:fbf584cb-adf8-48db-87da-c622ca61dbf1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://levaquin500.tk/healthy-gym-diet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951413 | 832 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Water and steam: they are the most crucial ingredients for the industrial processing of potatoes. However, they are often the cause of mold and bacteria as well. To ensure a hygienic working environment for our customer, we mapped out the entire production process and possible soft spots. In the next phase we determined the ventilation rate that is necessary to create a satisfying indoor climate in which the employees can work comfortably and in which the installations function at their best.
Our extensive research brought us to the final solution: a system that uses outdoor air to ventilate the production area. The air is being blown in to the ‘clean zones’ and evacuated near the areas containing the highest level of built-up heat and humidity. Two powerful air systems are each responsible for an air flow rate of 120.000 m³/h. On top of that, to save energy, only residual heat from the production process is used to heat up the air.
- Capacity: 2 x 120.000 m3/h
- Residual heat: 1.600 kW | <urn:uuid:e82fa432-db46-4087-9dab-6ae49a2cc842> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.callens.eu/en/air-technology/industrial-ventilation-air-conditioning/excellent-ventilation-for-excellent-fries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946531 | 220 | 2.40625 | 2 |
One of the most important skills one tends to adopt when following a plant-based diet is the art of using spices. Once you’ve removed meat from your diet, you’ll begin to realize that with the right flavor combinations, replacing animal-based protein sources with vegan options is easy!
Particularly when it comes to seafood, there are a few key ingredients that will allow you to enjoy your favorite ocean-inspired dishes in pure plant form.
A quick Google search tells us that, "seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans." That said, a few of the following foods can and should be considered seafood rather than seafood "flavors" or alternatives (nori and kelp, specifically). Here are some tips to incorporate your favorite seafood flavors in your plant-based diet:
Not only will this powdered option give your meal the rich taste of seafood (because it’s actually food… from the sea), you’ll also get a healthy dose of iodine — a mineral essential for a healthy functioning thyroid. Although it’s not commonplace for manufacturers to include how much iodine is in their kelp products, you can always contact the company directly if you’re curious about meeting your iodine needs.
How to: Use kelp seasoning to flavor chickpea “tuna” salad and to enhance the taste of your favorite soups.
2. Old Bay
A true staple in the Northeast, this spice is essential for recreating many seafood dishes. Made by combining black pepper, crushed red pepper flakes, paprika and celery salt, Old Bay adds a complex, almost smoky taste to a variety of seafood dishes. Whether you’ve previously enjoyed this ingredient in crab cakes or salmon soup, the same flavor profile can be achieved when used in vegan dishes. Swap out crab meat for hearts of palm or artichoke hearts and you’ll have a plant-based version of a classic. And of course, you can make a delicious dairy-free sauce for dipping on the side!
How to: Craving crab cakes? Use Old Bay to add a smoky taste to hearts of palm cakes.
3. Mock “fish”
Even the most adventurous cook appreciates a quick option for nights when making dinner from scratch is off the table. There are a variety of options for those both looking to avoid animal products and the time it can take to prepare a full-on meal. Several brands available in stores have phenomenal options from “crab” cakes to “fish” sticks and even canned “tuna.”
How to: In bowl, combine canned “tuna” with egg-free mayo, diced celery and a couple lettuce leaves. Pile on top of toast and enjoy!
4. Nori sheets
You’re probably used to enjoying these dried seaweed sheets in your sushi rolls. But when prepared correctly, tofu wrapped in nori sheets can be reminiscent of flaky fish. Simply lay out a nori sheet, spread on your favorite dressing or sauce and layer with grains and veggies for a seaworthy snack.
How to: Use nori to create brown rice, avocado and cucumber sushi rolls. You can also create other authentic, Asian-inspired dishes, such as homemade miso soup, using this healthy ingredient. | <urn:uuid:d4146470-faba-41b6-9283-c4f8caaa7444> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vitacost.com/emerald-cove-pacific-sushi-nori | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.923839 | 695 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Paranoid Parenting: Why Ignoring the Experts May Be Best for Your Child [Frank Furedi] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Paranoid. Paranoid Parenting: Why Ignoring the Experts May Be Best for Your Child [Frank Furedi] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Hardly a day. Paranoid Parenting [Frank Furedi] on *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Hardly a day goes by without parents being warned of a new danger to.
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Infant health – physical, psychological and moral – was fudedi important preoccupation as was preparing children for the outside world – school, career, marriage. There is considerable evidence that children are more creative when their parents are not around to monitor their behaviour. Not one of them has put an arm around the distressed boy in an act of reassurance.
Many of these influences – television advertising, consumerism, the Internet – are portrayed as part of a complex new world that is causing parental insecurity.
It would be interesting to see how his sources hold up, and whether his examples are extreme ones.
Frank Furedi : Making Sense of Parental Paranoia
Guidelines issued by the England and Wales Cricket Board tell coaches not to work with a child ‘completely unobserved’, and suggest that ‘parents should take on the responsibility for their children in the changing rooms ‘. I tried to dismiss him with a joke; after all there were no other children in the water, the photo was just to be of my husband and son playing and splashing together.
But adult over-reaction to new technology is a symptom, and not the cause of the problem. Furedi begins by discussing parental fears and parental over-protectiveness, and I don’t agree with all his points there. Not one of them has attempted to pull Henry out.
There is obviously some truth in this. An average British schoolgirl now walks for less than seven minutes a day.
Parents mistrust the Internet and television because of a more general unease about having to cope with external influences that bear upon their children. In Novemberit was reported that ‘Teachers, fearful of accusations of any kind paranpid inappropriate touching, are increasingly wary of direct contact with the children in their charge, even if tears are involved.
Confusing the messenger with the bad news is an understandable reaction, but not one that will help illuminate the issues at stake. The Times reported that many of these parents revealed fredi ‘video images of the two-year-old being taken by his killers were still fresh in their minds’.
How individual adults relate to their infants at any time is inseparable from the parenting style encouraged by our culture and society.
Published September 28th by Chicago Review Press first published According to the authors, one reason why German parents are more likely to allow children out on their own is because they expect other adults to keep paranod eye on them; in turn, German children reported feeling that they were watched over by the adult world. Taught me to be skeptical of articles that claim “research shows” parenting affects children in paenting ways.
As child psychologist Jennie Linden argues, the adult ‘preoccupation with risk can create too much emphasis on removing every conceivable source of even minor risk’. Helen rated it it was amazing Feb 08, The issue was not seen as one of child safety and certainly not abandonment. There have been warnings that IVF could induce changes in children’s genetic make-up and impair their mental development.
But they would have reacted with disbelief to the proposition that it was wrong to leave children under 12 alone for more than minutes.
But it is grank only professional carers or volunteers who are affected by this climate of paranoia. Although he would not use the words, it was ‘parental paranoia’ that drove him out of the West Sussex primary school where he had taught for three years. From voluntary organizations to primary education, well-meaning adults are being put off from playing a valuable role in instructing and inspiring young children. According to Waiton, between and the number of children murdered between the ages of and 16 decreased in England and Wales from 4 per million to 3 per million.
Professional Power and the Erosion of Parental Authority 9.
Paranoid Parenting by Frank Furedi
Please note that ebooks are subject to tax and the final price may vary depending on your country of residence. Reading the worries of parents published in the s, the overall impression is something like this: At the turn of this century, it was evident that children had parenring subject to an obsessive culture of childrearing.
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Many begged an answer to what the publication’s agony aunt called ‘a problem as old as parenthood itself – that of how to get to obey us’. Paranois though very few parents are prosecuted in these circumstances, the strict guidelines convey a clear message about what society expects of parents.
The decline of adult solidarity means that parents must pay the cost for society’s estrangement from its children. | <urn:uuid:052ca6c9-f902-4b4f-b32e-4b582ec07bb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beyond-personal-training.com/frank-furedi-paranoid-parenting-81/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96876 | 1,209 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The following review was written by MyBrownBaby’s youngest contributor, 9-year-old Lila Chiles.
By LILA CHILES
This movie version of “Mirror Mirror” is different than the Snow White fairytale we all know. The movie is told from the Evil Queen’s perspective instead of Snow White’s, which made it funnier because the Queen is constantly being really mean to Snow White in a funny way.
Snow’s father died, leaving her in the care of the Queen (played by Julia Roberts), who hated her most of all because the Queen is jealous of Snow’s beauty. The Queen decides to have a party to impress the young prince. To pay for it she collects taxes from the villagers. When Snow White (played by Lily Collins) finds out, she gets help from the Seven Dwarves to return the money to the villagers. The Queen kicks her out of the castle, so she goes to live with the dwarves, who teach her how to fight so that she can battle the Queen’s forces. As you can see, Snow White fighting and beating people up is very different than the fairy tale we all know. It was cool that she was strong and brave. Instead of waiting for the prince to save her, she was able to save herself and a bunch of other people too.
I think the best characters were the dwarves, who were really funny. Just like in the fairy tale, one was funny, one was angry, one was hungry, and so on.
I recommend “Mirror Mirror” for kids from age 6 to 14. But parents will enjoy it, too, because of the humor of the Queen. So go catch this movie while you can—and catch the trailer below!
Mom. NY Times bestselling author. Pop culture ninja. Unapologetic lover of shoes, bacon and babies. Nice with the verbs. Founder of the top black parenting website, MyBrownBaby. | <urn:uuid:c9492c34-06c5-4b0b-9735-105ecfff63ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mybrownbaby.com/2012/04/mirror-mirror-is-a-funny-twist-on-the-classic-snow-white-fairy-tale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974759 | 410 | 1.625 | 2 |
This article was written by Yusuf Peer, an Associate at Norton Rose Fulbright South Africa
South Africa has a long history of discrimination, primarily based on race, due to its former apartheid policies. In addition to race however, there is also a history of discrimination and intolerance based on other grounds such as gender and sexual orientation.
On the fall of apartheid, the Constitution of Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution) was enacted in order to undo the injustices of the past, and to protect and promote human dignity, equality and freedom. One of the rights enshrined in the Constitution is the right not to be unfairly discriminated against. Section 9 of the Constitution explicitly states that no person may be unfairly discriminated against, on the basis of, amongst other things, his/her sexual orientation.
The Employment Equity Act, 1998 (Employment Equity Act), was enacted to give effect to the above provisions of the Constitution, within the employment and labour setting. Section 6 of the Employment Equity Act prohibits unfair discrimination, directly or indirectly, on a number of grounds, including sexual orientation.
While direct forms of discrimination and intolerance might be slowly fading away due to South Africa’s new democratic dispensation, various forms of indirect discrimination still exists, and are sometimes done unwittingly or subconsciously. For example homosexual employees may sometimes be overlooked for promotion opportunities, due to an employer’s subconscious prejudice against homosexuals. Another example is where homosexual employees are not remunerated at the same rate as their heterosexual counterparts, even though such homosexual employees have the same seniority and experience. This again might not be done explicitly and expressly, but there could be a variety of “glass ceilings” and barriers imposed on such homosexual employees, preventing them from earning the same or similar remuneration to their heterosexual counterparts. This form of indirect discrimination is also prohibited. In fact, in terms of the recent amendments to the Employment Equity Act, employees who perform the same or similar work, or work of equal value are entitled to equal pay, unless there is a rational, justifiable and non-discriminatory reason for a differentiation in their pay. If a differentiation in pay is based on the sexual orientation of one or more of the employees in question, then this would constitute unfair discrimination.
The Employment Equity Act provides for certain dispute resolution mechanisms which can be pursued by employees who are unfairly discriminated against. An employee who alleges unfair discrimination may refer a dispute to the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA), within six months of such alleged unfair discrimination taking place (although this six month period may be extended). The CCMA will appoint a mediator to first try and conciliate and mediate the dispute between the employer and employee. If this fails, the employee may then refer the matter to the Labour Court to be adjudicated. If the employee earns below the earnings threshold promulgated by the Minister of Labour, which is currently R205 433.30, the employee may refer such dispute to the CCMA to be arbitrated.
If it is found that an employee was unfairly discriminated against, the CCMA or Labour Court may order the employer to pay the employee compensation or damages. This will depend on the nature and extent of harm and loss the employee suffered as a result of the discrimination.
It is worth noting that in terms of the Employment Equity Act, an employer may be vicariously liable for acts of discrimination and intolerance of other employees. An employer should therefore have a strict anti‑discrimination policy, and take action against any employee who discriminates against fellow employees, customers or suppliers.
In addition to the protection provided in the Employment Equity Act against unfair discrimination based on sexual orientation, the Labour Relations Act, 1995 (Labour Relations Act) also provides certain safeguards in this regard.
Section 187 of the Labour Relations Act creates the concept of an automatically unfair dismissal. This is to protect employees from being dismissed due to them exercising some of their very basic rights. One of these such rights, as stated above, is the right not to be discriminated against, based on one’s sexual orientation. Section 187 of the Labour Relations Act accordingly states that if a dismissal of an employee is related to his/her sexual orientation, then such dismissal would constitute an automatically unfair dismissal which must ultimately be resolved by the Labour Court.
If an employer is found guilty of dismissing an employee on the basis of his/her sexual orientation, then an employer may be ordered to pay the employee an amount of up to 24 months of that employee’s salary, or order the employer to reinstate the employee and pay such employee his/her back‑pay. This is a particularly harsh compensation award compared to ordinary dismissals (those which are not automatically unfair), which carry a compensation award of up to 12 months of an employee’s salary. This is to deter such dismissals which infringe on employees’ basic rights and to send a strong message to those employers that are found guilty of doing so. | <urn:uuid:af7f80f5-d4f5-4a5d-8a71-fcaf08f32ae3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalworkplaceinsider.com/2015/06/what-protection-from-discrimination-do-employees-have-on-the-grounds-of-sexual-orientation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.956773 | 1,011 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) provides the largest infusion of federal funding for Indian Country in the history of the United States. More than $32 billion dollars is directed toward assisting American Indian nations and communities as they work to end and recover from the devastating COVID19 pandemic – which was made worse in Indian Country precisely because such funding is long overdue.
In this policy brief, we set out recommendations which we hope will promote the wise and productive allocation of ARPA funds to the nation’s 574 federally recognized American Indian tribes. We see ARPA as a potential “Marshall Plan” for the revitalization of Indian nations. The Act holds the promise of materially remedying at least some of the gross, documented, and long-standing underfunding of federal obligations and responsibilities in Indian Country. Yet, fulfilling that promise requires that the federal government expeditiously and wisely allocate ARPA funds to tribes, and that tribes efficiently and effectively deploy those funds to maximize their positive impacts on tribal communities. | <urn:uuid:23b6c116-ad68-4a71-a875-c5aa4433ef01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hpaied.org/publications/recommendations-allocation-and-administration-american-rescue-plan-act-funding | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949437 | 213 | 2.203125 | 2 |
WHAT IS A FIANCEE VISA (K-1)?
Fiancee (K-1) visa is an non-immigrant visa allowing your Fiancee to enter the United States for the purpose of marriage. This visa is only valid for a limited period of time, during which the marriage must occur.
The K-1 Visa is normally valid for a period of three (3) months. There is no extension of stay allowed. K-1 petition is automatically terminated when the Petitioner dies or voluntarily withdraws the petition.
You are required to submit your Petition for Alien Fiancee (Form I-129F) according to your place of residence, There are four main Service centers in the United States, which handle I-129F application packages.
Those applications should be mailed to USCIS Service Centers. Service Centers are not staffed to handle walk-in applications or answer questions. Three of the four Service Centers have established special Post Office boxes to receive applications mailed to the Center by applicants or petitioners residing in its service area. The applications and petitions processed by each Service Center are listed on its home page, as are the special Post Office box numbers and zip codes by form type for the Service Centers using them.
Please, check your USCIS Service Center below:
THE USCIS SERVICE CENTERS: | <urn:uuid:c336c1e0-f0a4-4b60-b6d6-44941448a5d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://russianbrideguide.com/fiance-visa/fiancee-visa.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933523 | 275 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The Biggest GDPR Fines to Date
If the best way to get a company’s attention is to hit them in the pocketbook, then European regulators have the full attention of many companies including data giants like Google and Facebook. Here are some of the biggest GDPR fines to date:
Google L.L.C (Sweden and France)
Back in early 2019, the CNIL, the French data protection watchdog, issued its first GDPR fine of $57 million (€50 million) claiming that Google has failed to comply with the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) when new Android users set up a new phone and follow Android’s onboarding process. In 2020, the Swedish DPA fined Google approximately Euros 7 Million by for not complying with its obligations regarding the “right to be forgotten”. The “right to be forgotten” stems from a landmark ruling nearly six years ago, where the EU court forced the U.S. tech giant Google to remove European links to websites that contain out of date or false information that could unfairly harm a person’s reputation Google was ordered to delist certain search results, to stop informing websites when such results occur and to otherwise adapt its data subject rights process. The French Council of State, Conseil d’État, overruled a prior decision to fine Google Euros100,000 in relation to a 2016 right-to-be-forgotten case. The court decided French law does not allow the data protection authority, the CNIL, to order search results to be removed globally, noting that the CNIL can only call for European search results to be removed.
British Airways (UK)
In July 2019, the U.K.’s Information Commissioner Officer fined British Airways and its parent International Airlines Group (IAG) £183.39 million ($230 million) in connection with a data breach that took place in 2018 that affected around 500,000 customers browsing and booking tickets online. In an investigation, the ICO said that it found “that a variety of information was compromised by poor security arrangements including log in, payment card, and travel booking details as well name and address information.
Marriott International Inc. (UK)
In July 2019, the Information Commissioner’s Office intends to fine Marriott £99,200,396 for infringements of the GDPR in relation to a breach of the Starwood hotel’s guest reservation database (339 million guests) with unauthorized access dating back to 2014. The proposed fine reflects the new ability under GDPR to fine companies up to 4% of global turnover. Mariott’s revenue last year was US$20.758 billion, the fine under the GDPR could have been significantly higher.
In January 2020, Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante) issued a €27,8 million fine to TIM (telecommunications operator) for violation of the GDPR, with emphasis on unlawful data processing, non-compliant aggressive marketing strategy, invalid collection of consents and excessive data retention period
Austrian Post (Austria)
The Austrian Data Protection Authority issued an 18 million euro fine against Österreichische Post AG for alleged violations of the EU General Data Protection Regulation that the ÖPAG processed the political affiliation of data subjects and further processed data on package frequency and the frequency of relocations for the purpose of direct marketing.
1&1 Telecom GmbH (Germany)
1&1 Telecom was fined by the German Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information for not taking appropriate action to prevent unauthorized parties from accessing customer data in their call center since a caller calling their customer service department and giving them the name and date of birth provided access to customer information.
The GDPR fines to date should serve as notice to other companies both under investigation now, and that may be investigated in the future that the possibility of fines under the GDPR is very real. Apart from the business disruption and the financial implications, a GDPR fine can take your organization’s brand image into a downward spiral, and regaining customers’ confidence will be a costly and timely affair. It is therefore worthwhile to consider whether your organization meets the legal requirements of the GDPR and whether it can withstand a regulator’s meticulous eye. Please reach out to us to discuss your organization’s need to comply with the GDPR or any details of enforcement action under the GDPR. | <urn:uuid:d15ea5f6-9a3b-43a8-b139-65e80ed94c95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waselandwasel.com/articles/the-biggest-gdpr-fines-to-date/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.922377 | 924 | 1.726563 | 2 |
One hundred years ago this week, Kingsley offered a glimpse of a woman director at work:
Ruth Ann Baldwin’s middle name is efficiency. Miss Baldwin is a Universal director. She has been the busy bee looking like a wounded snail some days out on location. The sun, not having fulfilled his promise to shine, she gets out her trusty typewriter, which she carries always with her on such occasions, and goes to work on a new scenario. She talks while she types, too.
Baldwin was a former newspaper reporter who became a scenario writer at Universal. In late 1916 they gave her the chance to direct and in the next year she made ten shorts and two features, including a Western parody ’49-‘17.
In 1917 she also got married on February 19th to the actor who frequently starred in her films, Leo Pierson. Her directing career lasted only one year, then she returned to screenwriting. Her last credit was Puppets of Fate (1921), and she was last mentioned in the L.A. Times in 1925, when a columnist said she was living on a desert ranch. She disappeared from public records after that. You can read more about her on the Women Film Pioneers Project site.
None of the films Kingsley reviewed this week were outstanding, though she mentioned that Flora Finch provided some excellent laughs in a parody of The Common Law. (the lost short was called Guess What.) However, her complaints about Yankee Pluck have been echoed by filmgoers since then: “if the film were a two-reeler it would have been a corker but it is stretched mighty thin over five reels.” Furthermore, “there ought to be a society for the formation of rules as to what trivialities must be omitted from a photoplay with a penalty of imprisonment in a studio projection room.” In this case, ten or twelve feet of film were wasted settling a taxi bill. It’s a lost film. I’m glad Kingsley never had to see some of the bloated films we have now!
Kingsley reported that sweet-natured Chaplin leading lady Edna Purviance actually registered a protest while shooting The Immigrant. She declared that she learned to hate beans
because of the many necessary retakes of scenes in which Miss Purviance must eat plates and plates of beans.
‘It’s no use Charlie,’ she exclaimed; ‘I simply can’t swallow another one.’
‘Great Scott!’ retorted Charlie, ‘how am I going to get my gagging over, then?’
‘I give it up,’ replied Edna. ‘If you’d been gagging as much as I have for the past five hours you wouldn’t want to gag any more!’
Oh well, if she had to suffer at least it was for something still being watched 100 years later. The Library of Congress included The Immigrant in their National Film Registry and it’s available on the Internet Archive. If you’d like to learn more about Purviance, visit Linda Wada’s site, A Journey to Paradise. | <urn:uuid:38ba9ae6-3c54-467c-b91a-c5308dcc2cf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gracekingsley.wordpress.com/2017/05/19/week-of-may-19th-1917/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.981635 | 674 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Recycling is creating a positive impact on the U.S. economy, and both the amount of waste generated and the tonnage of recyclables processed is significantly higher than estimates by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), according to a new comprehensive study by the Environmental Research and Education Foundation (EREF).
In the study, debuted at the Waste360 Recycling Summit, the Raleigh, N.C.-based EREF verified nearly 3,500 active recycling facilities in the United States, more than double previous estimates.
There are 3,457 recycling facilities, compared with 1,652 in previous estimates. That includes 778 material recovery facilities (MRFs) compared with 590 estimated earlier.
EREF’s calculation of the number of composting facilities was hugely larger than previous estimates–3,654 to 509. Figures were closer on landfills and waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities. EREF determined there are 1,637 landfills, compared with 1,802 previously. EREF pegged WTE units at 80 versus 94. EREF says its landfill figure doesn't include construction and demolition (C&D) landfills and EPA's data does.
That brings total waste and recycling operations to 8,828 facilities, according to EREF. Previous estimates total 4,057.
EREF pegged annual tons processed per facility at 5,000 for composting; 71,000 for recycling (at MRFs, which are nearly three times higher than the recycling average of 26,000); 253,000 for landfills; and 301,000 for WTE.
Comparing number of facilities and tons per facility, the study shows that landfills and WTE operations are highly centralized; composting and recycling are highly decentralized.
The EREF study identified where the recycling facilities are located. The Midwest accounts for the biggest percentage of the units at 28 percent. The Mountains/Plains region accounts for the smallest percentage, at 5 percent.
The number of facilities and the percentage that are MRFs per region are: Midwest, 975, 17 percent; Southeast, 741, 23 percent; Northeast, 636, 29 percent; Pacific, 582, 29 percent; South Central, 347, 15 percent; and Mountains/Plains, 176, 20 percent.
By state, California has the most recycling facilities, followed by Missouri and Washington.
For recyclables, 62 percent pass through MRFs versus 38 percent processed by non-MRFs.
EREF estimated the amount of waste generated in the United States is 128.4 million tons higher than EPA numbers. It represents a 50-percent difference in tonnage and suggests that the United States generates significantly more waste that is managed by the solid waste industry.
While EREF’s estimate of the national recycling rate is comparable to that given by the EPA (23 percent vs. 25 percent), the research association found that the tonnage of recyclables processed is nearly 40 percent higher.
EREF puts municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in 2013 at 382.5 million tons, or 6.8 pounds per person per day. Collectively about 28 percent is recycled or composted. About 89.1 million tons are recycled, or about 1.6 pounds per person per day.
Compared with the EPA, about 13 percent more MSW goes to the landfill, according to the EREF data. The composting and WTE tonnages are half of what the EPA estimates.
Also during its presentation at the Recycling Summit, the EREF team discussed the differences in recycling policies and goals across the United States and how those differences in definitions can vary in each city and state. The association developed and provided a definitional framework that highlights how officials can base recycling goals on measurable metrics. It presented a national picture of how much recycling is occurring and highlighted differences between states and regions.
In addition, EREF explored the differences in types of recycling facilities that exist nationwide and discussed how trends in waste generation and recycling policies may affect future efforts.
In all, 43 states have some sort of recycling or waste diversion goal, says Debra Kantner, internal research program manager for EREF. The goals fall into three categories: incremental, numeric goals with target dates; flat numeric goals with target dates; and numeric goals or a future target date.
The majority of targets–80 percent–fall into being numeric goals with a target date without incremental goals. For 31 states, the target date has passed and there's been no new legislation to adjust or update the goals.
The goals have four categories: increasing recycling; improving recycling and composting; diverting waste from landfills or WTE facilities; and reducing waste disposal. The vast majority are recycling goals.
Thre are a wide range in the value of numeric targets, she says. Florida, for example, has a 75 percent recycling goal (by 2020). At the other end, it goes down to Oklahoma, which has 10 percent goal (by 2011).
The wide divergence prompts the question: What is recycling? “A consistent definitional framework is really needed ... That would allow for meaningful comparisons between sets and meaningful benchmarks,” Kantner said.
“Recycling practices across the United States vary widely. These practices are significantly influenced by the policies and goals set by state/local agencies and the implementation of recycling programs within the community,” said Bryan Staley, EREF president and CEO, in a news release prior to the presentation. “Our team took a look at the national picture of what is happening across the industry to create a new structure of measureable metrics. Previous estimates of recycling facilities identified less than 1,700 recycling facilities. Thus, this study is one of the most comprehensive efforts thus far on quantifying the extent of recycling occurring in the United States.”
Added Warren Bimblick, group president for New York-based Penton, which operates Waste360, the Recycling Summit and WasteExpo, “This is fantastic news for the recycling industry. As the only research organization of its kind dedicated to the recycling industry, I am very pleased that EREF chose to share the exciting results with the industry at the Summit. The economic benefits outlined by EREF highlight the societal value provided by the recycling industry and the potential for future growth as it continues to gain momentum.”
Said Sharon Kneiss, president and CEO of the National Waste & Recycling Association (NWRA), which produced the Recycling Summit along with Waste360, "EREF’s thorough research shines an important light on the future of recycling. This new data provides an important platform through which we can collaborate with our members and partners to achieve the right balance between the economical and ecological health of recycling. We are pleased with the exceptional substance of this event, including EREF's research release in addition to the education sessions we have curated in conjunction with Penton Waste360 that have provided value to Summit attendees.”
The EREF report includes 2013 and 2010 data, such as state/regional statistics, public versus private analysis and landfill, WTE, composting and other organics facility level information. It also includes how recycling is collected and final destinations. EREF anticipates its full release this fall.
The Waste360 Recycling Summit, taking place Sept. 9-11, examines the critical issues surrounding recycling and sustainability and has brought together industry thought leaders, practitioners, customers and manufacturers to discuss the industry challenges and opportunities.
David Bodamer, executive director, content, contributed to this story. | <urn:uuid:06af7739-fd09-42a1-b751-283561409926> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.waste360.com/news/eref-study-sheds-new-light-recycling-s-impact | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934904 | 1,568 | 3.046875 | 3 |
NPR Battleground Map: Florida, Pennsylvania Move In Opposite Directions
The past month has not been kind to Donald Trump.
He has landed in controversy on everything from how much he (eventually) gave to veterans groups to Trump University (and the judge who he declared biased because of his Mexican heritage) to his response to the Orlando shooting.
National polling has certainly reflected that — Hillary Clinton has opened up a 6-point lead in the RealClearPolitics average of the polls after the two were tied at the end of May. But Trump continues to be competitive in places like Ohio and Pennsylvania because of blue-collar white voters. Polling and reporting bears that out. NPR's Don Gonyea, for example, traveled to Northeastern Ohio earlier this month and found Rust Belt union voters, people who should be reliable Democrats, considering Trump, in part, because of his trade message.
Still, there appears to be some earth shifting beneath Trump's feet, especially with disunity between Trump and party leaders and the pause he's giving some rank-and-file, mainstream Republicans. At the same time, Democrats have moved more toward unity. Clinton joined Trump as the presumptive nominee for her party, got the endorsement of President Obama and liberal hero Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, and Bernie Sanders is inching closer to endorsing her.
When evaluating the landscape this month, we have made some changes to the NPR Battleground Map, most notably:
-Florida (29 EVs) moves from Toss Up to Lean D
-Pennsylvania (20 EVs) moves from Lean D to Toss Up
The changes are net-plus of 9 Electoral Votes for Clinton from last month's initial ratings. It moves Clinton's advantage in our map over Trump to 279-191, as you can see in our battleground map above. (This style of map is new this month and reflects a proportional representation of each state by Electoral Vote strength.)
A presidential candidate needs 270 Electoral Votes to become president. In other words, if Clinton wins just the states leaning in her direction, she would be president without needing any of the toss up states — Colorado, Iowa, North Carolina, Ohio or Pennsylvania. (If you want to read about Trump's potential path, check out the write up of our initial ratings last month.)
Because of demographics, Florida has appeared to us to be, if not leaning, moving toward Democrats, especially with Trump on the ticket.
"A candidate wildly unpopular with non-white voters and presiding over a deeply fractured party with swaths of voters who can't stomach their nominee simply has little shot of winning a state as diverse and competitive as Florida. This, at least, is the conventional wisdom from wise political players who never imagined the reality star could win the Republican nomination against Jeb Bush and Marco Rubio. TheTampa Bay Times surveyed more than 130 Florida political professionals, fundraisers and other experienced politicos, and nearly 70 percent predicted Clinton will win Florida in November. ...
"Florida being Florida, the safe assumption is that the numbers will tighten into a neck-and-neck contest by November. Yes, Trump can win America's biggest battleground state, but only if the GOP closes ranks behind him. And only if he can perform far better against Clinton than Mitt Romney did against Barack Obama in places like Tampa Bay and North Florida to compensate for what most experts predict will be a historic Democratic drubbing in vote-rich southeast Florida."
A Quinnipiac poll this month showed Clinton up 8 (47 to 39 percent), though she only leads by 3 in the RCP average. Of course, while the fundamentals appear to favor Clinton there, Obama won it by less than a point in 2012 and Democrats worry that strict Voter ID laws could make it tight.
Democrats have won Pennsylvania in every presidential election in the last quarter-century (since 1992). But Pennsylvania is a place that is an emerging battleground.
"I'd argue Pennsylvania has leapfrogged Colorado and Virginia as the next most winnable state for Republicans. In fact, it may be on pace to claim sole 'tipping point' status. As it turns out, Colorado and Virginia are among the top 10 fastest Democratic-trending states in the nation — they are, respectively, getting about 0.9 percentage points and 1.2 points more Democratic-leaning compared with the country every four years. By contrast, Pennsylvania has gradually migrated in the opposite direction. It's gotten about 0.4 percentage points more Republican every four years. Projecting this trend forward another four years from 2012's results would reorder the existing battleground states on the 2016 electoral map."
NPR's Steve Inskeep and the team at NPR's Morning Edition traveled to a key county in Pennsylvania recently in The View From Here series — Bucks County. It's the kind of place Donald Trump likely has to win if he wants to win Pennsylvania. Obama won it twice, narrowly in 2012, as did John Kerry in 2004. Blue-collar whites were open to Trump's message.
That's also true elsewhere in the state as well. See Politico's piece on Cambria County in the Western part of the state. It went for Romney, but is indicative of the trend in a place that used to go for Democrats. The key in Pennsylvania — especially places like Bucks that has a higher rate of college graduates than the country at large (37 percent vs. 29 percent) — is if Trump's tone turns off GOP and independent white professionals.
The RCP average has Clinton just 0.5 percentage points ahead with polls this month showing her in the low 40s and 1-point, non-statistically significant, leads. Clinton has work to do to keep this state blue.
-Georgia (16 EVs) from Likely R to Lean R: Georgia's demographic trends are unmistakable. The white versus non-white vote has drastically declined over the last couple of decades. Trump is still the favorite, but, like Obama in 2008, who finished just 5 points behind, the RCP average right now is just 4.
-Nebraska (1EV) from Likely R to Lean R: Nebraska is one of those states that splits its electoral votes by congressional district. This one, in the Omaha area, is the most left-leaning in the state. (Obama won it in 2008.) There is a Democratic congressman there, Brad Ashford, who was endorsed Monday by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
-Utah (6 EVs): There's been a lot of talk about Utah and whether it should move to Lean R. Mormons remain unconvinced of Trump and his morality, and because of that he's been struggling in the polls. But Clinton hasn't seen much of a boost, polling in the 30s. No Democrat has won more than 35 percent (Obama in 2008) in Utah in the last 50 years. Now, if Clinton starts to poll in the 30s, or Gary Johnson, the Libertarian candidate, starts to get in the mid-to-high teens, then this state could be for real. But until then, it remains Likely R.
Here's the full breakdown:
Safe D (164): California (55), Connecticut (7), Delaware (3), Hawaii (4), Illinois (20), Maine* (3), Maryland (10), Massachusetts (11), New York (29), Rhode Island (4), Vermont (3), Washington, D.C. (3), Washington state (12)
Likely D (37): Maine (1), Minnesota (10), New Jersey (14), New Mexico (5), Oregon (7)
Lean D (78): Florida (29), Michigan (16), Nevada (6), New Hampshire (4), Virginia (13), Wisconsin (10)
Pure Tossup (68): Colorado (9), Iowa (6), North Carolina (15), Ohio (18), Pennsylvania (20)
Lean R (28): Arizona (11), Georgia (16), Nebraska* (1),
Likely R (27): Indiana (11), Missouri (10), Utah (6)
Safe R (136): Alabama (9), Alaska (3), Arkansas (8), Idaho (4), Kansas (6), Kentucky (8), Louisiana (8), Mississippi (6), Montana (3), Nebraska (5), North Dakota (3), Oklahoma (7), South Carolina (9), South Dakota (3), Tennessee (11), Texas (38), West Virginia (5), Wyoming (3)
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:8e2a893e-078b-4383-a6c4-29eac4832543> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.upr.org/2016-06-26/npr-battleground-map-florida-pennsylvania-move-in-opposite-directions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942657 | 1,754 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can all cause diseases in your plants. These diseases aren’t much of a problem during cold winters, but if you live in a warm climate like Florida where you have mild winters, you’ll want to take action. Plant diseases can cause significant damage to your landscaping.
Common Plant Diseases
- Armillaria Root Rot: Armillaria root rot also called mushroom root rot infects the root of a plant, causing it to wilt and eventually die. Armillaria root rot can continue to live in the soil, so if you’re going to replant in the same area, consider finding a plant that is resistant to the fungi. Armillaria root rot attacks:
- Oak trees
- Hickory trees
- And more
- Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a serious fungal disease. It causes plants to become distorted and stunted. It can attack a variety of plants including:
- Rose bushes
- Sabal Palm Disease: Sabal Palm Disease also called, lethal bronzing is transmitted by a tiny winged pest called the American palm cixiid. This disease causes a palm’s leaves to turn brown and eventually die. Sabal palm disease is often difficult to diagnose because it shares similar characteristics as a tree that’s been over-fertilized. If you believe your palm has this disease contact your local landscaper or arborist. They may be able to save it with oxytetracycline injections.
Prevent Plant Diseases with Good Practices
Oftentimes people wait until their plants are already sick and/or dying when they decide to take action and by then it’s too late. The best way to cure a plant disease is to prevent it from happening in the first place. Below are some good practices to help keep your plant disease-free.
- Remove leaves and debris from your lawn to prevent mold growth
- Continue mowing your grass through the winter until it has stopped growing
- Prune trees and shrubs during the dormant season. Pruning during the growing season causes sap to flow which attracts insects like bark beetles.
- Winterize sensitive plants like roses and young trees with thin bark. Tender plants can be seriously damaged in the winter, putting them at risk for a secondary infection like canker fungi.
- Keep an eye on stressed plants and water them to promote healthy root growth.
Keeping your lawn and plants well-fed, watered, and cared for is your best defense against plant diseases. When a plant is stressed, it is more vulnerable to diseases and is more likely to be affected by lawn pests.
At Grasshoppers, we understand these steps may be a lot which is why you may want to consider hiring a professional landscaper for your property. In addition to being knowledgeable about the plants native to Florida, we’re also familiar with plant diseases, including how to prevent them and treat them. | <urn:uuid:fdd75f88-04ed-4c13-8905-40d1768b0739> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grasshoppershoponit.com/prevent-plant-diseases-this-winter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954406 | 645 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Everything You Need To Know About Wisdom Tooth Extraction
No matter how nerve-wracking it is to go for a wisdom tooth extraction, sometimes it is necessary to maintain oral alignment.
Tooth extraction is not just applicable for wisdom teeth but other oral conditions as well. However, many people tend to avoid tooth removal because of the painful procedure.
Read on to know more about the wisdom tooth removal process carried out by our team at Dental Krafts Gurgaon.
Why is a wisdom tooth extraction necessary?
Adult teeth are prone to severe dental issues because of deleterious eating habits and poor dental care routine. Despite the advancements in dental procedures, a dentist or oral surgeon cannot save teeth if there is too much damage.
Wisdom tooth extraction is the process of pulling the permanent third molars located at the back of your mouth cavity from your socket. This is usually done to relieve the patients from the pain caused after the wisdom teeth erupt.
In some cases, they are partially embedded within the gums, which causes impacted wisdom teeth. Removing an impacted wisdom tooth is necessary because it can affect roots, gum sockets, and other teeth.
At Dental Krafts Gurgaon, your dentist closely looks after the entire wisdom tooth extraction procedure. A board-certified dentist performs the treatment, and the extraction process is accurate.
Our procedure does not require routine visits every week!
Reasons to get wisdom teeth removed
Our dentist or oral surgeon makes wisdom teeth removal a standard dental procedure. It could be a little daunting when you aim to remove adult teeth. However, a dentist or oral surgeon at Dental Krafts Gurgaon tries their best to manage pain after the wisdom tooth removal process.
Below are some of the reasons to get your wisdom tooth removal done at our clinic.
Sometimes wisdom tooth removal is important to avoid orthodontia. Even though your jaw is prepared for all 32 teeth, the misaligned eruption of a wisdom tooth can cause crowding. As a result, your oral cavity does not have enough room to align all the teeth carefully.
Hence, after wisdom tooth removal, the extraction site allows enough space and prevents the gum tissue from undergoing oral surgery.
An impacted wisdom tooth is vulnerable to tooth decay because it sustains exposure to many food items. Being located in the corner, all four wisdom teeth can develop a bacterial biofilm.
This bacterial growth can enter the pulp and affect the nerves, demanding extensive therapies. Root canal therapy and antibiotic treatment don’t improve the condition in severe cases.
In such a scenario, wisdom tooth extraction is a common process.
3. Tooth decay
Poor dental hygiene, along with plaque and tartar buildup, can cause severe tooth decay. While your dentist or oral health specialist is an expert in teeth cleaning, this procedure cannot help you with deep-seated decays.
Hence, wisdom teeth removal is the only option in such a condition.
4. Infection risk
You might be vulnerable to infections if you take an immunosuppressant drug after an organ transplant, chemotherapy, or any other autoimmune condition. This might also lead to wisdom teeth removal to protect the root and nerve of the tooth.
How does our wisdom tooth extraction help you?
While many people experience the normal eruption of their wisdom teeth, an equal proportion experience problems.
The wisdom tooth causes problems due to one of the following reasons:
· Grows at an angle instead of erupting straight
· Tilts backward and hurts the terminal end of the jaw
· The tooth grows perpendicular to the rest of the teeth
· Impacted wisdom teeth within a jaw bone or gums
At Dental Krafts Gurgaon, you receive a smooth and convenient step-by-step wisdom teeth removal at a nominal cost. All the dentists at our clinic have certifications from the best dental schools and can perform the procedure seamlessly.
The wisdom tooth extraction relieves you from the following problems:
· Sharp pain in jaws
· Constant trapping of food particles that might require routine cleaning
· Infections or gum diseases like gingivitis
· Deep-seated tooth decay due to partial eruption of molars
· Jaw injuries and damage to gums
· Development of dental cysts near the molars
· Unnecessarily complicated treatment for jaw or dental alignment
· Damage to surrounding teeth
· Repeated infections in soft tissues
Considering the multiple issues, our oral surgeon helps you to get wisdom teeth removed with minimal tooth pain.
What to expect from our wisdom teeth extraction procedure?
The wisdom tooth extraction at Dental Krafts Gurgaon is a simple procedure and can be performed on an incoming wisdom tooth. Before proceeding, it is important to highlight that we have emergency inpatient hospital care to look after all your needs.
Below is the step-by-step approach followed by our dentists to help you with impacted wisdom teeth.
The first step is to consult with an oral surgeon to understand the depth of the problem. This consultation decides the surgical approach you might need for wisdom tooth extractions. For instance, if you need to extract four wisdom teeth, the surgery might happen in two or more sessions.
The procedure requires you to stay still, and our surgeons present you with three anaesthesia options. These include:
1. Local anaesthesia
Local anaesthesia is given at the site of tooth extraction, and it works for a short-term procedure. The dentist might apply a substance that numbs the area alone. Hence, you remain awake throughout the procedure. This type of anaesthesia is suitable for people who have superficial problems.
2. Sedation anaesthesia
This is intravenous anaesthesia that affects your nervous system. It makes you unconscious during the procedure, making it difficult to recollect anything. This is suitable for lengthier wisdom tooth extractions that include more than one tooth.
3. General anaesthesia
General anaesthesia sedation is when you inhale the medication or have an IV line attached to your veins. This is a continuous process, and the surgeon monitors you closely throughout the dental procedures. General anaesthesia is suitable for complicated cases that require multiple procedures in a single surgery. Usually, people who choose general anaesthesia have no memory of the procedure.
The tooth extraction starts with an incision around the gums to expose the tooth. Going forward, the surgeon finds the exact location of the nerve connection and cuts the same. After analyzing the complication in the impacted teeth, they divide them into parts to remove them quickly.
After the wisdom tooth removal, the area is cleaned. The next step is to stitch the wound to support faster recovery from the procedure. Finally, the surgeon places a gauze to enable blood clot formation.
Usually, cheap wisdom teeth removal at clinics doesn’t include post-operative care. But we do!
Our experts will help you with the following conditions:
· Manage pain and excessive bleeding after the surgery
· Prescribing medications and pain management substances to make recovery easier
· Providing you with techniques to deal with swelling and bruising
· Suggesting you take soft foods and mild beverages for faster recovery
· Helping you resume your daily routine slowly and steadily
· Consistent cleaning of the mouth cavity to avoid infections
· Removing stitches, if and when needed
Special features of our wisdom teeth removal cost
If you are looking for an insurance-friendly dentist, Dental Krafts Gurgaon is here to help! We have enabled a flexible spending arrangement considering the diagnostic and other healthcare costs.
This allows you to use your flexible spending accounts and your dental and medical insurance to meet tooth extraction costs. Our finance department in the dental office actively helps you with wisdom teeth removal costs using major credit cards.
We understand that extraction costs can be daunting, which is why we have an in-house and monthly payment plan as well. You also get to claim benefits of government programs to neutralize additional costs on your procedure.
Dental care is as critical as any other procedure. Hence, you can use your health savings accounts or government-regulated savings account to make the payment. In addition to this, our dental office guides you about house payment plans to meet your wisdom teeth removal cost.
We also collaborate with insurance providers to get you dental insurance for meeting wisdom teeth removal costs.
Contact us for wisdom tooth extraction
Dental Krafts Gurgaon provides the dental care you deserve!
Starting from introductory consultation and medication to surgery and post-operative care – we have got you covered. Our dental insurance assistance is an added perk to all the other notable features we offer.
Therefore, think no more if you are troubled with a wisdom tooth. Contact us right away, and we will help you with it. | <urn:uuid:e113707f-45b9-48d4-9d1c-2d61d99f062e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dentalkrafts.com/home/wisdom-tooth-extraction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.923994 | 1,823 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Cybersecurity professionals, and the employees and consumers they serve, all engage in risky security practices. Data shows password issues continue to plague users of all experience levels, two-factor authentication adoption is lagging, and mobile devices are introducing new challenges.
For the second "State of Password and Authentication Security Behaviors Report," conducted by the Ponemon Institute and commissioned by Yubico, researchers polled 2,507 IT security practitioners and 563 individual users. In addition to learning the habits of cybersecurity pros, they wanted to see how professionals' habits compared to those of employees and customers.
"We expect people who are in IT and IT security to be more security-smart," says Larry Ponemon, co-founder and CEO of the Ponemon Institute. "For the most part, both groups are more similar than they are different."
There are, however, some discrepancies between the two groups. When asked about the increase in security and privacy concerns, security pros pointed to their higher concern for government surveillance (61%), as well as more use of mobile devices (53%) and connected devices (41%). Consumers said they are most worried about their personal data, particularly medical records, shared with third parties (57%), followed by mobile device (46%) and connected device (43%) use.
Behavioral numbers are closer. Sixty percent of professionals said they don't use 2FA to protect personal accounts, compared with 64% of consumers who don't. Half of professionals reuse passwords across workplace accounts, compared with 39% of consumers. Roughly half of both groups – 51% of consumers and 49% of professionals – sometimes or often share passwords with colleagues.
After an account takeover attack, 76% of consumers said they changed how they managed their passwords or protected their accounts. Only 65% of IT pros did the same, researchers found. Individuals are most likely to use stronger passwords (61%), make more frequent password changes (52%), use unique passwords across multiple accounts (36%), or start using 2FA (35%) after a cyberattack.
The trend of tech professionals reusing passwords and adopting poor security habits "seems counterintuitive" but points to broader business problems, says Jerrod Chong, chief solutions officer at Yubico. IT security pros serve several teams across an organization. They can fight for stronger security tools, but if a long-held policy mandates stronger, more complex passwords, it becomes "a losing battle" for them to change the mindset of business leaders and stakeholders.
"It's not just a tech mindset," Chong explains. "It goes back to the systems and processes of a large organization that makes it harder to make a technology [switch] by putting specific mandates on security practices." Businesses often adhere to policies created decades ago, he continues, and those who don't follow the policy are out of compliance. IT security pros often go along because they don't want to be out of compliance and there is no support for change.
"[Change] needs to come all the way from the top and all the way from the bottom," Chong adds. "These numbers are giving a spotlight into the problem, which is both a technology and people problem."
Passwords: A Hard Habit to Break
The ways that organizations manage and protect their passwords is putting them at risk, researchers found. Despite concerns from both groups around protecting workplace accounts, 59% of both professionals and consumers said they use human memory to manage and protect their passwords. Another popular method is sticky notes, used by 42% of professionals and 41% of consumers, respectively. Only 36% of professionals and 37% of consumers use a browser extension to autofill or remember passwords, and even fewer use a password manager.
Less than half (46%) of professional respondents said they require 2FA to gain access to corporate accounts. More than half (51%) of individuals use a personal device to access work-related items; of these, 56% don't use 2FA. This trend underscores the idea that authentication is more of a people problem than a tech problem, Ponemon points out.
"In this case, we basically have technologies that facilitate good security practices that may not be used entirely," he explains. "People may not feel truly secure unless they have passwords." The "vast majority" of people view 2FA and passwords as different, Ponemon adds.
IT security pros reported that SMS codes (41%), backup codes (40%), and mobile authentication apps (37%) are the three main 2FA methods they support or plan to support for customers. Despite the concern for their personal data, only 49% of consumers said they are improving account security with a layer of protection beyond a username and password. Slightly more (56%) are only willing to adopt new security tech if it's easy to use and significantly increases security.
Mobile Devices, More Problems
Mobile device usage is ramping up, driving concern among consumers and professionals alike. Fifty-five percent of IT security pros reported personal mobile devices are permitted at work, and 45% of employees, on average, said they use their personal devices for work. One worrying statistic found 62% of organizations don't take necessary steps to protect information on smartphones, and, overall, they struggle to find a simple and effective way of protecting corporate account access.
"Mobile devices pose a very interesting crossroads between how we think about 2FA and how we think about security, in general," says Chong. Both security pros (65%) and individuals (53%) believe biometrics would increase the security of their organizations or accounts. More than half (56%) of individuals and 52% of security pros said the same about hardware tokens.
Securing mobile devices across an organization can be very complex, as opposed to securing laptops and desktops, because more people rely on mobile to communicate, Ponemon adds.
"Most people just don't realize the whole nervous system of an organization is based on the ways people communicate, and mobile becomes a very significant part of that process," he says.
- The Trouble with Free and Open Source Software
- 8 Things Users Do That Make Security Pros Miserable
- Martin and Dorothie Hellman on Love, Crypto & Saving the World
- Phishing Campaign Targets Mobile Banking Users
Check out The Edge, Dark Reading's new section for features, threat data, and in-depth perspectives. Today's featured story: "8 Things Users Do That Make Security Pros Miserable." | <urn:uuid:65927d22-b32a-4513-93f2-b2a1e9ad3641> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.darkreading.com/operations/users-have-risky-security-habits-but-security-pros-aren-t-much-better | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950528 | 1,317 | 2.0625 | 2 |
You will need
- - two straight or circular needles;
String the first loop of the row on the right (working) needle. The shackle must be removed as in facial knitting, and the working thread should be at work.
Please note: if you need to remove nepovezane loop, like the front, the needle should always enter the ring in the wall moving from left to right. When in the manual of knitting required "to remove to right needle loop of the front crossed, the needle should move from right to left.
Provarite the next couple of loops together facial. The resulting loop must be routed through the pre-shot thread of the shackle.
Now try to do a double drawing in a different way. To do this, remove the left needle from the two loops of the working range as the front. The string needs to be stretched behind them.
First provarite one loop front, and then put on her removed a couple of loops with right needle.
Practice the control loops so that the average fibre bow was always at the top and went right in the center between two adjacent loops. For this first loop of the current row must also be put on the knitting needle, as in facial knitting.
The first shot put the loop back on the left (non-working) needle; then bring back her second shot of the loop. Together you can now knit all three loops.
When performing patterns with the use of inclined loops always watch carefully where you want to go top of the thread bow – left, right or in the middle. If you make at least one error, the intricate relief or openwork will have to unpick and remodel work.
Do not confuse double broach (broaching, peracid loop) with exactly the same called the stretched thread between two adjacent loops. Sometimes the extension of knitted fabric broach – a "bridge" between the hinges - promazyvaetsya like a common hinge. | <urn:uuid:629b8fc1-cf34-410c-b26a-093ba725e74c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eng.kakprosto.ru/how-61845-how-to-knit-double-strand | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.92561 | 431 | 1.882813 | 2 |
- Bio-Tech Pharmacal D3, Vitamin D functions as a hormone, a chemical messenger with widespread effects in the human body.
- It is important for optimal bone, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and immune health.
- Adequate calcium and vitamin D throughout life, as part of a well-balanced diet, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
- Supplementation with vitamin D may be necessary to meet daily needs, since obtaining sufficient vitamin D from natural food sources and sun exposure alone can be difficult.
- Research shows that vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is approximately 87% more potent than vitamin D2 for raising and maintaining vitamin D blood levels.
- Supports bone, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and immune health.
- Adequate calcium and vitamin D may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
- Dry, water-soluble preparation of natural vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol).
- More potent than vitamin D2 for raising vitamin D blood levels.
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Amount Per Serving ... % Daily Value
Vitamin D3 ... 25 mcg ... 125%
(as cholecalciferol) ... (1000 IU)
Microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin capsule
* These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to treat, mitigate, diagnose or cure any disease.
Most vitamin D3 comes in softgel form which I'm unable to take due to digestive issues, so a capsule form in the correct dosage is hard to find. This does the job for me and doesn't cause any digestive issues while bringing my D3 level where it should be. I recommend it.
I absolutely love my D3 vitamins. Got delivered pretty quickly. The capsules are nice & easy to swallow. | <urn:uuid:f56cce81-8af0-46cf-8bab-8180239017e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://supplementfirst.com/products/bio-tech-pharmacal-d3-1000-iu-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.858988 | 404 | 2.28125 | 2 |
What are reports? Reports are reports that users can use on the internet to notify administrators about bad behavior being performed on social networking sites, including Facebook.
Regarding the reporting function on Facebook, it is still being used quite commonly, but most Facebook users often pay little attention to its function and meaning.
Viewing: What is a Report?
To help you better understand what the Facebook report is, its true meaning, soon Super Speed Ads will have specific sharing on this issue, please refer to it.
3. Instructions for using the Facebook Report feature
How to Report someone else’s Facebook, fanpage or any post
1. What is a Report? What is Facebook Report?
Report understood in the original sense is a report about something.
Report Facebook is a feature used by Facebook to support users to send reports and feedback about bad behavior of Facebook accounts.
After receiving the report and confirming that the response is correct, Facebook will immediately handle it, and the worst case will be the reported account will be locked.
More specifically, you have the right to send a Report to Facebook for the following cases:
+ Personal accounts spam, send spam messages, annoy you.
+ Personal Facebook account fake your information.
+ Feeling violent, untrue content, depraved photos, bad behavior…
+ Show Facebook ads that aren’t right for you.
+ Any information on the Newsfeed that you feel is inappropriate.
See also: Download My Tom Game – Download My Talking Tom Game
+ Any information that violates Facebook’s user policies.
Upon receiving a bad report for the content on its page, Facebook will begin to check and provide a penalty solution if the bad content is correct.
So what is the real meaning of Facebook Report feature? I will explain in the next part.
2. What is the meaning of the report feature
Using the report feature, you will easily notify Facebook’s support team about bad content, so that Facebook can quickly resolve and remove bad content and bad accounts.
Help the Facebook algorithm determine what content is relevant to you and adjust accordingly.
Report Facebook helps prevent bad information that negatively affects users and business people.
Report makes content on Facebook healthier for all users.
When choosing to report a certain content or account, you need to give a reason for reporting bad news for these content or accounts.
See also: What is Unique – Meaning of the word Unique
Facebook’s task is to purge the content on its page, based on the reports that users submit, give reviews, and review it within 24 hours.
Based on the seriousness of the violation, Facebook will provide a handling direction for each case:
– The account will receive warnings
– The account is locked from sharing content for a certain period of time | <urn:uuid:42f7b17c-4cde-4581-bb90-8c9d9ae6614d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://riclix.com/meaning-of-report-in-vietnamese/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.90812 | 578 | 2.25 | 2 |
Like a writer that has undergone a number of reviews, I have begun to realize that the way by that you approach rewiews can be the difference between a good experience and also an disappointing person. Many people today feel like they have to assess paper writings on a normal basis. This could possibly be good for you, but it is not necessarily the ideal practice for some other writers. Here’s just a short explanation of why it is necessary to watch out for reviews and steer clear of wasting valuable time whenever you reach your own writings.
The principal reason that reviews could be so annoying for authors is the writer usually makes conclusions regarding how the newspaper should be written without really having read it. The writer’s opinion is generally one-sided, since he or she often has a very limited knowledge about the paper writings that they are reviewing. This may cause the man who is reading the inspection to provide the writer negative feedback and may some times even result in a writer having a break from writing.
It is important for your writer’s point of view to be given more respect when you are rewatching your papers. This doesn’t mean that the writer’s opinion will change, but rather you will start to look closely at just how a writer’s pointofview affects the newspaper. It’s imperative that you take into account the remarks that the author has in regards to the paper writings when you’re looking at reviews.
Additionally you will want to look closely at the way in which the writer shows his or her paperwritings.com own point-of-view when you are re-watching your newspapers. The most frustrating thing about reviews would be that you read someone’s opinion and discover the writer has not actually read the paper question. It is possible to feel cheated by this, particularly if the writer spends a few minutes talking about part of the paper which the writer isn’t familiar with.
When you’re watching your writings, then it is crucial to use to focus on exactly what the reader is in fact seeing. In addition, it’s important for you to remember that the reader will not be searching for what you’re trying to express if they’re reviewing your newspaper. Instead, what they want in is whether or not the writer is showing their own opinion, and it is a significant topic to the item which the reader has read.
Yet another good solution to keep your reviews interesting is in order to refrain from earning the reader wait. When you yourself must examine a newspaper. If you must wait quite a while for a person to give you their opinion, you might wind up getting bored before long. It’s best to spend time studying everything the paper and give your opinions when you reach the paper.
It’s also a good idea to prevent re-wording your paper whenever you get tired of playing the opinions of one’s readers. Whenever you rewatch a paper, it is possible to easily listen to it to get what works and remove any points which don’t remain in what the reader says. Additionally, it may be of help to use to think outloud once you are re-watching the newspaper.
Finally, it’s always a good idea to read on your work before committing it back to the readers. Most people who rewatch their writings realize that they are able to do this by reading through them again, but it’s a good idea to browse through your newspapers one more time and then send back the paper. So that it is possible to think about just what the reader considered the newspaper before providing you with the final edit. | <urn:uuid:7481cd95-48e0-4cda-96e8-ab313bdd3359> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kenhdautufx247.com/the-importance-of-assessing-your-paper-writing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.97184 | 753 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Burghley Conservation and Restoration
Burghley House was built by William Cecil in the sixteenth century with later additions. It is open to the public during the spring and summer months. The courtyards are home to a number of conservation businesses.
Anthony Beech Furniture Conservation
The furniture conservation workshop offers a complete conservation service to the keepers of furniture collections ranging from the conservation and restoration of individual pieces to the ongoing conservation of complete collections and interiors.
Conservation and restoration of gold and silver objects. As well as a comprehensive restoration service, the company can offer clients assistance with design and creation of unique items for personal or corporate gifts.
Toshi iwata Conservation
His restoration and conservation skills centre around antique furniture. His specialisms include: antique furniture, french polishing, carving, inlay, marquetry, boulle work, parquetry, making keys and gilding. He also restores objets d’art, collectibles, bone, tortoiseshell, turtle-shell, horn, mother of pearl, wood and some metals.
The Institute for Conservation, the lead voice for the conservation of cultural heritage in the UK.
The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works has been promoting the knowledge, methods and working standards needed to protect and preserve historic and artistic works throughout the world for more than fifty years.
The British Antique Furniture Restorers’ Association is the foremost national organisation of craftsmen engaged in furniture conservation and restoration.
The International Council of Museums is the international organisation of museums and museum professionals which is committed to the conservation, continuation and communication to society of the world’s natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible and intangible.
The Conservation Register provides information on the business’s of accredited conservator-restorers in the UK and Ireland.
Church Buildings Council
Conservation Grants available for the historic furnishings of churches.
Historic Houses Association
The HHA represents 1,500 privately owned historic houses, castles and gardens. | <urn:uuid:05a0f511-2a57-4017-a9ab-86990c1cc8ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.landico.co.uk/links/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.910276 | 452 | 1.507813 | 2 |
This edition of the Cost Trend Update Bulletin shows national averages for the U.S. from January 2015 to January 2021 and demonstrates how construction and equipment cost indices have performed over the past six years.
Construction Cost Indices
Through the first half of 2020 we saw flat construction cost inflation that was below historical average increases. This may have been a result of the COVID-19 lockdowns and other disruptions within the economy.
Equipment Cost Indices
All three sources referenced for equipment cost indices had significant increases in 2018 compared to the previous three years. The annual increases in 2019 retreated towards historical averages in all three indicators making it consistent with 2020.
Please be aware that cost indices are just average indicators of change; they are not absolutes, and there is no average building or average assemblage of equipment. After five to seven years, you should establish a new replacement cost basis by using a qualified valuation consultant.
Please contact Bradley Schulz to discuss establishing a new replacement cost basis. | <urn:uuid:1b3806f0-f88e-4ec0-9e23-76f10042929e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/fixed-asset-advisory/cost-trend-update-bulletin-march-2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.948305 | 202 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Accounting for Business Income in Measuring Top Income Shares: Integrated Accrual Approach Using Individual and Firm Data from Norway
Business income is important in the upper tail of the personal income distribution, but the extent to which it is captured by measures of personal income varies substantially across tax regimes. Using linked individual and firm data from Norway, we are able to attribute business income to personal owners as it accrues rather than when it is realized. This adjustment leads to an increase in top income shares, and the size of this effect varies dramatically depending on the tax regime in place. After a tax reform in 2005 that created strong incentives to retain earnings within businesses, the increase was massive: accounting for earnings retained in the corporate sector leads to more than doubling of the share of income of top 0.1% in some years. Furthermore, adjusting for retained earnings stabilizes the composition of the top income group before and after the reform. We also show that the response is driven by majority owners in closely held firms and facilitated through indirect ownership. As the result, traditional measures of top income shares become misleadingly low (even when accounting for capital gains). We speculate on the implications of our findings for levels and trends in top income shares observed in other countries. In particular, we note that the major tax reforms of the 1980s in the United States correspond to a shift toward business income being passed through to personal owners, and argue that top income shares constructed using income tax statistics before 1987 are likely to be significantly understated relative to those afterwards.
We benefited from comments from Rolf Aaberge, Alan Auerbach, Richard Burkhauser, Patrick Driessen, Roger Gordon, Agnar Sandmo, David Seim, Joel Slemrod, Jan Södersten, and Thor Olav Thoresen, as well as from seminar participants at the Institut d’Economia de Barcelona Workshop on Taxation, Conference on Taxation, Household Behavior, and the Distribution of Incomes and Wealth in Berlin, Workshop on Individual and Small Business Taxation in Warsaw, ETI workshop in Mannheim, Skatteforum in Bergen, LMU Munich, and at WHU and Statistics Norway. Financial support from the Research Council of Norway, grant 239225/H20 is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. | <urn:uuid:2e14dde1-1d27-42f0-ac24-31487ab60822> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nber.org/papers/w22888 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941733 | 492 | 1.789063 | 2 |
\Postural restoration is a key element in IPT therapy and success. Improving posture can reduce chronic pain and accelerate recovery from injury. Posture therapy goes beyond traditional methods that just focus on treating symptoms. Instead, it aims to correct the underlying cause of your pain. Many times the pain or injury is not where the problem lies. Your body is intricately connected from head to toe, so it needs to be addressed as a whole, not just where it hurts.
Postural therapy takes this integrated approach, looking at the entire structure of the body and addressing asymmetries throughout your system. Skeletal mal-alignments such as joint elevations, spinal rotations, or muscle imbalances create excess stress in the body at rest and with movement. There is a medical principle known as “Wolfe’s Law” that states when a bone is stressed abnormally, it creates new bone. (Actually, when osteoblast cells are strained abnormally, osteoblasts lay down more cells). Osteophytes and degenerative joints are an example of this. This is why restoring proper alignment to ensure bones are stressed ideally is so important.
Kinesio Taping is a rehabilitative taping technique that is designed to facilitate the body’s natural healing process while providing support and stability to muscles and joints without restricting the body’s range of motion as well as providing extended soft tissue manipulation to prolong the benefits of manual therapy administered by IPT therapists. Additionally, therapeutic taping including Kinesio taping can assist in muscle performance and postural therapy.
By targeting different receptors within the somatosensory system, Kinesio Tape is claimed to alleviate pain and facilitates lymphatic drainage by microscopically lifting the skin. This lifting effect forms convolutions in the skin thus increasing interstitial space and allowing for a decrease in inflammation of the affected areas. IPT utilizes Kinesio taping when indicated to support PT outcomes. | <urn:uuid:171330cb-8a37-48e3-9571-650e8ba1efa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://physicaltherapyofcliftonpark.com/services/postural-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927149 | 400 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Lecture by Hansadutta in Śrīla Prabhupāda's Presence , Allahabad , 1971-01-30
sthāpitaṁ yena bhū-tale
svayaṁ rūpaḥ kadā mahyaṁ
śrī-rūpaṁ sāgrajātaṁ saha-gaṇa-raghunāthānvitaṁ taṁ sa-jīvam
sādvaitaṁ sāvadhūtaṁ parijana-sahitaṁ kṛṣṇa-caitanya-devaṁ
śrī-rādhā-kṛṣṇa-pādān saha-gaṇa-lalitā-śrī-viśākhānvitāṁś ca
śrīmate bhaktivedānta-svāmin iti nāmine
śrī-advaita gadādhara śrīvāsādi-gaura-bhakta-vṛnda
hare rāma hare rāma rāma rāma hare hare
This International Society for Kṛṣṇa Consciousness, is a movement completely authorised by the Vedic principle. International Society for Kṛṣṇa Consciousness is founded by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swāmī Prabhupāda. Who is the present day ācārya in the Brahmā Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava sampradāya, or the chain of the disciplic succession which is coming down from Brahmā the first and foremost living entity, Brahmājī. Who received the Vedic knowledge directly from Kṛṣṇa and Brahmājī in turn imparted the knowledge to Nārada, Nārada to Vyāsa and in this way this disciplic succession is coming right up to the present day.
Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu who is the incarnation of Godhead in the Kali-yuga, according to the authority of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. It is stated in the eleventh Canto, inaugurated this saṅkīrtana movement 500 years ago right here in India, in Bengal. At that time Caitanya Mahāprabhu’s movement was revolutionary. Caitanya Mahāprabhu was a very learned scholar even at the age of 16 and He accepted the sannyāsa order of life at the age of 24. But unlike other sannyāsīs Caitanya Mahāprabhu took to chanting and dancing the holy names of God,
hare rāma hare rāma rāma rāma hare hare
And therefore He was sometimes criticised for doing this. He was asked why instead of studying Vedānta and being very sober and grave He was always seen chanting and dancing with musical instruments. And Caitanya Mahāprabhu replied very humbly that, “My spiritual master he found Me a fool and he told Me not to touch Vedānta, he told Me not to play with Vedānta, but he told Me to simply chant this Hare Krishna mantra and it will make You all perfect.” So Caitanya Mahāprabhu is no fool because He is Kṛṣṇa himself, according to Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam.
So He presented himself as one of us, as a fool, because in this age everyone is foolish. In the age of Kali everyone is a fool, so He presented himself simply for the matter of teaching. Just like the teacher writes A, B, C, on the blackboard but the teacher is not learning ABC. The teacher is giving examples. Similarly Caitanya Mahāprabhu He taught by example how to worship Kṛṣṇa in this age and His teachings, the main teaching of Caitanya Mahāprabhu is simply by chanting and dancing, taking prasādam and hearing from scriptures like Bhagavad-gītā and Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam we can achieve the perfection of human life which is to love God, love of God, Kṛṣṇa bhakti.
So in the spirit of Caitanya Mahāprabhu His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta came to the western world under the order of his Guru Mahārāja to distribute whatever he had learned from his Guru Mahārāja to the English-speaking world and he, Prabhupāda, Śrīla Prabhupāda he came in 1965 with a few rupees, 40 rupees and some karatālas and a set of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam which he had managed to, somehow or other, translate and print in India.
So he came—he used to sit in New York’s Lower East Side in a place called Thompkins Square Park and there he would chant alone, unassisted. None of his countrymen came with him, he came completely alone. Of course not alone he came with Caitanya Mahāprabhu because Caitanya Mahāprabhu’s teachings and Caitanya Mahāprabhu are one and the same—and his Guru Mahārāja’s instructions. And there he sat, he chanted, Hare Kṛṣṇa Hare Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa Hare Hare, melodiously. And some boys and girls they would come and they would sit down with him, just out of curiosity’s sake.
Different reasons, we had never seen before such a man sitting there so humbly and chanting some strange sound. So we sat, we listened, and Prabhupāda he used to speak to us about Bhagavad-gītā and he would tell us about Caitanya Mahāprabhu. He requested us to give up our habits of meat eating, intoxication, having girlfriends, and we tried these things and we found real satisfaction, real pleasure. And more and more we became convinced about the necessity of the Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement in the world. So we lent our services in whatever capacity we had. Some of us would take notes, some of us we had tape recorders, we would record his lectures.
Others would type them, others they managed to get a small mimeograph machine and then they started this Back to Godhead magazine was started by these young boys and girls, printing up lectures that Prabhupāda would deliver. And we would go out on the street and try to distribute them to other people. We would try to inform them about what Prabhupāda was teaching us. At that time there may have been 10 or 20 young boys and girls and now six years later there are hundreds and thousands of devotees.
Kṛṣṇa devotees, chanting Hare Krishna, reading Bhagavad-gītā, managing temples in 50 cities all over the world. Including Tokyo, London, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, in every major city you will find dedicated young boys and girls who are disciples of His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Svāmī. And how has this happened? How is this possible? That within such a short time so many boys and girls in the western part of the world have dedicated their lives to the service of Kṛṣṇa.
For hundreds of years Swāmī’s and holy men and yogīs have been coming to our country but they have not been able to produce the effect, or create so many sincere devotees and so many branches of Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa temple’s throughout the world as His Divine Grace has done.
The reason is, the answer is, that the teachings which have been presented by this International Society for Krishna Consciousness, they are authorised by the Vedic principles of guru paramparā. They are not another manufactured religion. We are not a sect, we are not a sect like Catholicism or Judaism or Mohammedanism, or Hinduism but this Krishna Consciousness Movement is simply presenting the science of loving God.
In our world we have so many sciences, as medicine, we have botany, we have astronomy, there are innumerable sciences, chemistry, history, everything is there but one science is lacking and therefore all so-called advancement of material science has total zero. Because it is not giving us the desire, peace, happiness or prosperity.
So this Krishna Consciousness Movement, this international society is teaching in every country this science of loving God. In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam it is said that, that process which helps one to develop real love, the real attachment for God, for the Supreme Personality of Godhead Kṛṣṇa. That is the real religion and anything else is simply a cheating process—and anything else is simply a cheating process. The goal of human life is to love God, return back to home back to Godhead.
So in our part of the world where we are so advanced in material sense enjoyment, material science, material way of life people are becoming Kṛṣṇa devotees. Why? Because it is practical. Because it gives a taste of the nectar for which everyone is hankering. Prabhupāda has published since being in America about 15 books all of them can be seen just after the program, Bhagavad-gītā As It Is, Nectar of Devotion, Kṛṣṇa Book, Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, Śrī Īśopaniṣad and of course our magazine in six different languages.
So we have come to India not in order to teach Kṛṣṇa consciousness because we know that everyone here is familiar with Bhagavad-gītā and Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam. We have just come to encourage everyone to continue their Vedic culture, don’t abandon Kṛṣṇa. Don’t give up Kṛṣṇa in favour of something else. If you forget Kṛṣṇa then everything will be lost. Just like, just like in Bengal so many boys and girls they are becoming Naxalites and Communists. Why?
Because there is no program for them, no Kṛṣṇa consciousness program which they can engage their energy in. They want to work, they want to love something, they want to be devoted but instead of being devoted to God they are being devoted to Naxalites or Communism. That is the defect, although there is many isms, they can't give us the real nectar, the real satisfaction, that satisfaction is Kṛṣṇa consciousness, love of God.
Because everyone of us is part and parcel of God we are not this material body, this outer covering, this Hindu body or this German body or Chinese body or American body. Each and everyone of us is a pure spirit soul an eternal fragmental part of Kṛṣṇa and therefore this movement is meant for everyone. It is not another movement like communism or like socialism, or imperialism.
But it is a movement for everyone because everyone is spirit soul, everyone of us is spirit soul and Caitanya Mahāprabhu wanted that in every town and village his name would be known. He predicted it, he said it would happen and now the opportunity is there for all of us to join Caitanya Mahāprabhu and make our lives successful. Because this movement is already successful by Caitanya Mahāprabhu’s arrangement, we simply have to lend our services and become glorified. Become glorious.
India the whole world looks to India for distribution of spiritual knowledge, everyone, the world is waiting for India to deliver knowledge of Kṛṣṇa but unfortunately until this time that has been neglected by your countrymen. But one of your countrymen has come and he has become a great ambassador to India, His Divine Grace Śrīla Prabhupāda. He has come and simply taught Bhagavad-gītā that which is common to all of you. You all know Bhagavad-gītā, you all know Hare Krishna Hare Krishna.
You all know Caitanya Mahāprabhu but only one person has come out of millions, one! And he has taught this simple message and the result has been phenomenal. This result is transcendental. So we have come, we have come to India to gain support and to encourage everyone to distribute the message of Kṛṣṇa and to join our movement in some capacity. We have a membership program whereby which you can become associate with our society.
We have our books which are given to the members free of cost simply by coming forward and supporting us. We requested support as much as possible, everyone here should somehow come forward and support this Krishna Consciousness Movement because it is your movement. It is Vedic culture which is being distributed for the first time in the world. This is historic, this is revolutionary and it is beneficial for all mankind.
So shall I explain about our membership program, Prabhupāda?
So our membership program consists of four divisions. We have a life membership program, life membership means that the member he becomes the recipient of all these books which we have produced. Devānanda Mahārāja can you hold up the Kṛṣṇa Books?
All the books which Śrīla Prabhupāda has published to date. Two books you see right here, Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa Book the Personality of Godhead it is full of 84 colour illustrations. Showing the pastimes and activities of the Supreme Lord Kṛṣṇa when He was present here on this planet. All the pages in this book are done by American boys and girls.
And... so you can see how beautiful it is. And this Kṛṣṇa Book will teach everyone who is God. What is God’s name, what He is doing. People, everyone has some idea of God but who God is, what He is doing, what is His name, what He looks like. That they have no information about. This information is being presented in Kṛṣṇa Book, the summary study of the tenth Canto of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam.
Then we have our Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam being published in ten Cantos, three big volumes and the following chapters of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam which you know is 12 Cantos. We are presenting chapter by chapter with every booklet, a beautiful color illustration on the cover, on the inside Sanskrit, the original Sanskrit ślokas with English transliterations. So in this way Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam will become as popular as Reader’s Digest or Life magazine in this unique presentation.
This is we are using our modern know-how, our modern technologies for Kṛṣṇa. Not for creating enmity between nations and men and we are using technology for Kṛṣṇa. Instead of printing rubbish books, sex literature, or cigarette advertisements, we are using all these facilities which we have in our country for Kṛṣṇa. We are advertising Kṛṣṇa, we are an advertising agency, we are advertising Kṛṣṇa, we are advertising God.
Here we have Nectar of Devotion, another beautiful book which is originally Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu.
Teachings of Lord Caitanya, translation and summary study of Caitanya-caritāmṛta.
And of course we have our magazine, Back to Godhead magazine which is being printed in six languages, Hindi, Japanese, English, German, French, Bengali. So that is all these things are available for your inspection. So the life member he gets all these books, also he gets all the books which will be produced in the future by our society. And he gets a lifetime subscription to Back to Godhead magazine and as an additional attraction he is entitled to stay in any one of our branches throughout the world as an honoured guest.
There he can take rest, he can take nice prasādam, in every temple we serve capātīs and dahl and rice and so many nice things. Lugdu, kachorīs, rasgullās these things are nice and they are now available. If you come to New York and you want to have rasgullā, it is not possible but if you go to our temple you will find everything there. So this is a very— this is a nice addition. Simply that alone makes life membership worthwhile. So life membership fee is 1,111 rupees, and in this way we have enlisted already 100 members in Calcutta and Bombay and Delhi.
Very prominent personalities in the society and we want whoever can afford. They should come forward, become a life member, simply to support this movement. Even if you don’t care to read our books but just to come forward and say, “yes this movement is nice, I must support this movement.”
Then we have donor membership: a donor member receives all the books which I have just shown you. And he gets a lifetime subscription to our magazine but he does not receive the books which we produce in the future. That membership is 555 rupees.
And then there is the subscriber membership, and a lifetime subscription to our magazine which is 222 rupees.
And we have lastly common member, a year’s subscription to Back to Godhead magazine. That is 33 rupees.
So I’m just coming before you to try to be as humble as possible, I’m begging you to come forward and support the Krishna Consciousness Movement, so that it can be spread all over the world and that your country will become glorious. India is glorious, in history India is glorious. There was King Parīkṣit, there was Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira, King Janmañjaya, there is Bhagavad-gītā Kṛṣṇa appeared here.
Caitanya Mahāprabhu appeared here, Lord Buddha appeared, Śaṅkarācārya appeared, actually India is glorious—but there has to be some work and that work is distribution of Kṛṣṇa consciousness. So we are prepared to do that work but we want your support. You simply come forward and you give us some support in the way of life membership. We are printing books, they are very costly, we are maintaining temples, it is very costly.
We have come to India at so many lakhs of rupees, it costs a lot of money to send, just one person by aeroplane to this country and return. We have come to Māgha-melā, we have built a nice pandal, we have done so many things but we need some support. There has to be some reciprocation, so please come forward support us, join this movement, tell others about it.
Thank you very much. [end] | <urn:uuid:b9a97e1d-ab14-4558-a9f1-86aecf369e3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vedy.sk/prepis/710130l2-allahabad | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95838 | 4,362 | 1.820313 | 2 |
HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS DEMONSTRATE IN FRONT OF THE PARLIAMENT BUILDING.
Human rights activists wears hangmen's outfits during a protest in front of the parliament building in Beirut February 8,2001 as they demonstrate against a decree by President Emile Lahoud and Prime Minister Rafik al-Hariri to hang two men this year. The lives of the two men were temporarily spared after former prime minister Selim al-Hoss refused to sign the decree on the grounds that excecution was inhumane punishment. Lebanon has executed 48 men since independence in 1942. Opposition against executions, which are conducted publicly, has been growing, especially among the younger generation trying to distance itself from Lebanon's violent past. | <urn:uuid:a5488d83-3fc1-44b3-bfd1-8476b94e3248> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pictures.reuters.com/archive/LEBANON-ASSASINATION-PROTEST-RP2DRIGTFKAA.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.981391 | 156 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Calgary, AB – The egg has long been a universal symbol of life and a very unique egg has hatched at the Calgary Zoo. The 25-foot egg, entitled “Egg – The Unity of Diversity, 2013” was commissioned by the Calgary Zoo in 2012 through the City’s Public Art Policy.
The sculpture, representing the biodiversity of life on Earth and the unity of all living things, was designed by Brower Hatcher and Marly Rogers of Mid-Ocean Studio in Providence, Rhode Island. A local Calgary company, F & D Scene Changes, fabricated the engaging art work made of steel tube, aluminum and concrete.
“The colourful egg-shaped structure which includes modelled representations of both animals and plants is meant to provide an engaging way to encourage zoo visitors to consider the many ways that everything in nature is connected,” explained Laurie Skene, Manager of Communications for the zoo. “We hope that this public art piece will appeal to all of our guests, but in particular to the many thousands of children who visit the zoo each year.”
Guests are able to walk right through the egg-shaped structure located just outside of the zoo’s main north entrance and enjoy the engaging embedments that are characteristic of Brower Hatcher creations such as his other well-known Canadian public art piece, the Kelowna bear. At night The egg is illuminated. | <urn:uuid:cdf8cc87-1246-42d7-86a8-1d96e3b5bc95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fdscene.com/portfolio-items/a-very-unique-egg-is-hatching-at-the-zoo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960352 | 288 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The fats in avocados help the body absorb essential vitamins and minerals, which can be found in other foods. Since some nutrients require fat for absorption, these healthy fats can be beneficial to the body. Eating avocados can help increase the amount of nutrients in the body. There are several varieties of avocados, such as the California HAAS avocado and the Florida variety. There are also many health benefits that can be achieved by eating avocados.
As an added benefit, avocados contain high levels of the antioxidant glutathione, a compound made of three amino acids. This substance helps the body process toxins and protect the body from infection. According to the National Cancer Institute, a half avocado has 18% of the recommended daily allowance of vitamin K. Vitamin K is vital for bone health and increases calcium absorption while reducing urinary excretion. Researchers have discovered that avocados are also good for the eyes.
Avocados are high in fiber. A diet rich in fiber helps lower cholesterol levels, improve heart health, and prevent cancer. A good source of dietary fiber, avocados help keep your blood sugar stable and reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease. It is a healthy food choice for the entire family.
Avocado contains a high amount of carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids, which are good for your eyes. The avocado has high levels of these nutrients, which are essential for a healthy body. The avocado is a great source of fiber, which makes it satisfying and keeps you full for longer. It is also a good source of monounsaturated fats.It is a nutrient-dense food, with numerous antioxidants and vitamins. It contains vitamins A, B, and E and promotes healthy clotting in the blood. It also has beneficial effects on the skin, hair, and heart. It is one of the healthiest foods on the planet. It is also loaded with potassium, folate, and vitamin C. It helps the fetus grow properly in pregnant women. It helps regulate blood glucose levels and lowers your risk of diabetes. It is high in fiber, and the avocado contains copper, vitamin K, and folate.
Another benefit of avocados is that they are low in carbohydrates, which is good for your waist. They are also low in sodium and can help control blood sugar. Avocados can be added to your diet without worrying about calories. The avocado is high in fiber and has no cholesterol. You can cut your sodium intake with avocados. The fat and fiber in avocados are good for your health.
The avocado has a medium energy density. Its composition of dietary fiber and fruit oil helps maintain your energy levels. The high fiber content in avocados makes it a healthy food choice, and it contains a lot of antioxidants, which are beneficial for your health.
Avocados Women And Belly Fat
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign conducted a study to determine the metabolic benefits of regularly eating. avocados .
The study found that women who ate one avocado per week for 12 weeks had a greater re-distribution of belly fat. Avocados can lower the visceral fat levels of women, which can help reduce the risk of many diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers had 105 obese and overweight adults take part in the study. The researchers provided one meal per day for 12 weeks. One group received one avocado daily, the other received a similar meal but without avocado. At the beginning and the end of 12 weeks, the researchers measured participants’ glucose tolerances and abdominal fat.
The study found that avocados were beneficial for the women in the study, but not the men involved. Researchers discovered that avocados are linked to a redistribution in body fat which could ultimately lower the risk of developing diseases.
The women who ate one avocado a day saw a decrease in visceral fat and a lower ratio of both types of belly fat. Researchers explained that weight loss doesn’t always matter the most. They pointed out that the way your body stores fat could have a significant impact on your long-term health outcomes.
So,be sure to include this wonderful food in your overall plan to eat well and look after your health, you will be all the beter for it, as you add wealth to your life, as good health is indeed a form of wealth, a crucial asset! | <urn:uuid:3e911dcb-4c55-42ed-ab15-d49611fe4c8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phase3ministries.com/index.php/2022/01/14/avocado-benefits-for-females-avocado-benefits-for-men/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951524 | 901 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Traffic Violations in Montana
Driving is a privilege that can be suspended and revoked if you fail to operate your motor vehicle safely. Several offenses in Montana will cause your driver’s license to be suspended even if you have no other violations. The state also has a point system, and your license can be revoked for being a habitual offender. A habitual offender has more than 30 points of violations within a three-year period.
Montana Points System
The Montana Department of Justice Motor Vehicle Division will assign demerit points against your driver’s license for infractions. The point value varies depending upon the seriousness of the infraction. Most speeding offenses carry a three-point penalty, and failure to stop at a sign or light have a two-point penalty. More serious offenses have higher point values. Reckless driving carries a five-point penalty; for example, failure to stop when involved in an accident with an injury carries an eight-point penalty.
How Long Do Points Stay On Your Record?
In Montana, points affect your driving record for three years but stay on your record for life.
License Suspension and Reinstatement in
Under Montana law, your license can be suspended for several offenses. These include:
- Driving under the influence – first offense – six months, second offense within five years — one year
- Failure to submit to an alcohol test — first offense – six months, second offense – one year
- Operating a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol count of 0.02 percent and being younger than 21 – first offense – 90 days, second offense – six months, third offense — one year
- Failure to pay traffic fines or child support — indefinite suspension until paid
Other violations require suspension periods of from 30 days to a year or longer. These include:
- Drivers convicted of three reckless driving offenses committed within a period of 12 months
- Drivers who use a motor vehicle in the theft of motor vehicle fuel
- Failure to obtain the required medical evaluation or submit to testing
- Fraudulent application for a license to drive
- Falsifying a date of birth on a driver’s license application
- Altering a driver’s license or identification card to obtain alcohol
- Authorizing another person to use your license or identification card to obtain alcohol
- Any unlawful use of a driver license
Your license can be revoked for other offenses. When a license is revoked, you’ll have to pass all the driver’s tests again before it can be reinstated, even after the revocation period has elapsed. These offenses are:
- Negligent homicide or assault when operating a car — 1 year
- Any felony that results from operating a motor vehicle – 1 year
- Failure to stop and render aid when someone is injured or killed in an accident – 1 year
- Habitual offender — 3 years
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Sec. Microbial Symbioses
Rumen microbial communities influence metabolic phenotypes in lambs
- 1Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- 2Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, Paris, France
- 3Agroparistech, UMR 1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, Paris, France
- 4School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- 5Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
The rumen microbiota is an essential part of ruminants shaping their nutrition and health. Despite its importance, it is not fully understood how various groups of rumen microbes affect host-microbe relationships and functions. The aim of the study was to simultaneously explore the rumen microbiota and the metabolic phenotype of lambs for identifying host-microbe associations and potential biomarkers of digestive functions. Twin lambs, separated in two groups after birth were exposed to practices (isolation and gavage with rumen fluid with protozoa or protozoa-depleted) that differentially restricted the acquisition of microbes. Rumen microbiota, fermentation parameters, digestibility and growth were monitored for up to 31 weeks of age. Microbiota assembled in isolation from other ruminants lacked protozoa and had low bacterial and archaeal diversity whereas digestibility was not affected. Exposure to adult sheep microbiota increased bacterial and archaeal diversity independently of protozoa presence. For archaea, Methanomassiliicoccales displaced Methanosphaera. Notwithstanding, protozoa induced differences in functional traits such as digestibility and significantly shaped bacterial community structure, notably Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae lower up to 6 folds, Prevotellaceae lower by ~40%, and Clostridiaceae and Veillonellaceae higher up to 10 folds compared to microbiota without protozoa. An orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis of urinary metabolome matched differences in microbiota structure. Discriminant metabolites were mainly involved in amino acids and protein metabolic pathways while a negative interaction was observed between methylotrophic methanogens Methanomassiliicoccales and trimethylamine N-oxide. These results stress the influence of gut microbes on animal phenotype and show the potential of metabolomics for monitoring rumen microbial functions.
The gut microbiota of higher animals provides a myriad of ecosystem services to the host-microbe holobiont. In the case of livestock animals, these ecosystem services provide food and income to hundreds of millions of people worldwide (Raney et al., 2009). Among livestock species, ruminants in particular have evolved an exquisite foregut fermentation system (rumen or reticulo-rumen) that harbors symbiotic microbes capable of harvesting energy from otherwise indigestible structural plant polysaccharides not suitable for human consumption. The functional plasticity of the rumen microbiota makes ruminants highly adaptable to different diets (Morgavi et al., 2013). However, the rumen microbiota is also responsible for the production of the greenhouse gas methane and nitrogen-rich wastes (Martin et al., 2010; Morgavi et al., 2010). A recent global assessment of livestock systems identified feed efficiency, a trait closely associated to the microbiota, as the key driver to improve productivity and reduce emissions (Herrero et al., 2013). These data point out that a better understanding of the gut microbial community and its interactions with the host are necessary for the sustainability of ruminant production systems.
An essential process for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal microbiota is the recruitment and development of their various microbial denizens (Costello et al., 2012). There are multiple elements that govern the establishment of a functional gut microbiota in young animals. The assembly of different microbial phylotypes starts from birth and is influenced by diet and the immediate environment, notably the mother and contact with other congeners. The anatomical development of the gastrointestinal tract and the luminal environment also play a major influencing role in the acquisition of a stable microbiota. Ruminants are colonized by bacteria and methanogenic archaea in the first days of life (Fonty et al., 1987; Skillman et al., 2004; Jami et al., 2013), whereas different anaerobic fungal and protozoal populations became established between 2 and 8 weeks of age (Fonty et al., 1987, 1988). Although the composition of rumen bacterial communities using high throughput sequencing approaches have been reported in young ruminants (Li et al., 2012; Jami et al., 2013; Rey et al., 2014), there is still a lack of information on other important microbial groups and, more importantly, the influence of microbiota composition on the host metabolome remains largely unknown.
In this work, we used young ruminants subjected to different microbial-modulating interventions to simultaneously explore the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities, the urine metabolome and other general traits attributed to the capacity of the microbiota to utilize feeds such as digestibility, ingestion and live weight gain. This study brings new insights on the interactions between gut microbial populations among themselves and with the host and highlights the importance of rumen microbes as modifiers of the host metabolic phenotype.
Materials and Methods
Procedures with animals were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for animal research of the French Ministry of Agriculture and applicable European guidelines and regulations for experimentation with animals. Four pairs of twins INRA 401 male lambs born within a week interval were used in this study. Lambs were monitored for colostrum sucking and were separated from their mothers at about 12 h after birth. Lambs were separated in two groups with one twin brother per group. Each group was housed in separate pens, fed with milk replacer and had access to clean water and a standard diet of hay and concentrate. The groups were not in direct contact and did not have any contact with other ruminants but otherwise they were housed under normal rearing conditions. Milk feeding was stopped at the age of 9 weeks. The trial lasted 31 weeks and consisted of four digestibility and sampling periods. Lambs were fed once a day a fixed amount of concentrate (800 g, crude protein 14%, starch 65%) that was constant throughout the trial and hay was fed at libitum. In period 1, sampling and individual digestibility measures were performed in week 14. At the age of 15 weeks, lambs in group 1 (G1) were inoculated with 100 ml rumen fluid obtained from two rumen-cannulated wethers containing a conventional microbiota. Donor wethers were fed a hay diet once a day. Rumen contents were taken before feeding, strained through a polyester monofilament fabric (250 μm mesh aperture) and pooled to produce the inoculum. The concentration of protozoa was 5.3 log10/ml.
The second group (G2) was inoculated 1 week later with the same inoculum (100 ml/lamb) that was kept frozen as a way to induce changes in the microbial community. Protozoa in particular are labile to freeze-thawing (Nsabimana et al., 2003) and we used this process to produce a “stressed” inoculum for G2. Six weeks after inoculation (20 weeks of age) sampling and individual digestibility measurements were done as for period 1. From 22 to 26 weeks of age lambs in both groups were administered a mild toxin, ochratoxin A (OTA) dosed once a day at 30 μg OTA/kg BW before the feeding in the morning. On the last week of dosing, sampling and individual digestibility measures were done as before. At the dose used, OTA is not toxic to rumen microbes and to the animal. We hypothesized that long term exposure to OTA might affect microbiota composition and urine metabolome. This toxin might be degraded at different rates in the rumen by different microbial groups, being protozoa particularly active (Mobashar et al., 2012). The toxicokinetics of OTA will be reported elsewhere. In the last period, lambs in both groups were gathered in a common pen. Sampling and digestibility measurements were performed 5 weeks after, at 31 weeks of age. Lambs were weighed regularly during the study.
Digestibility procedures, urine and rumen fluid sampling for analysis were carried out following standard procedures (Supplementary Material). Feeding and any manipulation on lambs was done in the morning before handlers contacted other animals. It started always with G2 and included a change of protective clothing before tending to G1. Bed cleaning was done with minimal contact by grouping the lambs in one corner of the pen.
Urinary Fingerprint Analysis (Metabolome)
Liquid chromatography (LC) separation was performed by reversed phase chromatography on a 10 cm Luna C18(2) columns using an acidic water-acetonitrile system as described in detail in the Supplementary Material. The LC was interfaced to a Micromass LCT Time of flight MS instrument using an ESI interface and running in positive mode scanning m/z 100–900 (Nielsen et al., 2011).
Amplicon Sequencing and Processing
Total gDNA was extracted using the method described by Yu and Morrison (2004) and quantified by spectrophotometry using a NanoQuant Plate on an Infinity spectrophotometer (TECAN, Switzerland). Amplicon sequencing of ruminal gDNA samples was done by MR DNA (Shallowater, TX, USA). For bacteria, amplification was performed using primers F515/R806 targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Caporaso et al., 2011). For archaea, primers Arch349F and Arch806R were used (Takai and Horikoshi, 2000). PCR was performed using HotStarTaq Plus Master Mix Kit (Qiagen, USA) on the following conditions: a starting cycle at 94°C for 3 min, followed by 28 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 53°C for 40 s and 72°C for 1 min, and a final cycle with an elongation step at 72°C for 5 min. Sequencing was performed on an Ion Torrent PGM following the manufacturer's guidelines for bacterial amplicons and on a Roche 454 FLX titanium instrument for archaeal amplicons (Dowd et al., 2008).
Approximately 2 × 106 raw bacterial reads were produced from bacterial primers. Reads were assigned to their respective rumen samples and trimmed of forward and reverse primers. Minimum sequence length was set at 150 bp. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered at 97% of similarity and filtered using USEARCH (Edgar, 2010). Following taxonomy assignment, non-bacterial sequences were removed. Alignment was done using PyNAST (Caporaso et al., 2010a) and taxonomy with the RDP classifier (Wang et al., 2007) against the Greengenes database (gg_otus-12_10-release).
Raw archaeal reads were analyzed as bacterial reads but the minimum sequence length was set at 200 bp and following taxonomy assignment non-archaeal sequences were removed. A total of 193,367 raw reads were obtained from the pyrosequencing platform using the archaeal primers.
The sequence data have been submitted to the EMBL databases under accession No PRJEB8814. Raw sequences were filtered and analyzed using the QIIME v. 1.7.0 pipeline with default options unless otherwise stated (Caporaso et al., 2010b). Chao1 for calculating richness and Shannon that accounts for abundance and evenness were calculated using QIIME. As an additional estimator of the representativeness of the sequences obtained, Good's coverage was calculated as G = 1−n/N, where n is the number of singleton OTUs and N is the total number of sequences in the sample. Rarefaction analysis was done using the lowest number of reads obtained from a sample for each of the target communities and a cut-off of 97%.
Other microbial analysis. Protozoa enumeration was done using a Neubauer counting chamber. Total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium were evaluated by quantitative (q)PCR using primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene (Edwards et al., 2007; Stevenson and Weimer, 2007; Mosoni et al., 2011, Supplementary Material).
Rumen fermentation parameters, intake, digestibility, and body weight data were analyzed in repeated measures using the MIXED procedure of SAS v9 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The model included the fixed effect of inoculum, lambs age, group, and period × group interaction. The animal was considered as a random effect. Best fitting covariance structure was compound symmetry. Differences were tested with the LSMEANS statement for period, group and their interaction and with the LSMESTIMATE statement for testing the effect of inoculum at 20 and 26 weeks of age. Significance was declared at P < 0.05 probability level and trends were discussed at P < 0.10 probability level.
The Kruskal-Wallis test as implemented in SAS was used to estimate the difference between samples in the number of sequenced reads. Differences in the abundance of reads attributed to phyla, families and genera were done using Metastats (White et al., 2009).
MS metabolomic data were first processed using XCMS (Smith et al., 2006) running under R version 2.11.1, generating a table of mass and retention time with associated signal intensities for all detected peaks. Data were normalized to the sum of all ions intensity of each sample. Each variable was then standardized using the square root of its standard deviation as scaling factor, i.e., Pareto scaling, and the resulting data matrix was further analyzed using multivariate methods to uncover trends of metabolic patterns. Data exploration was done using unsupervised and supervised methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant-analysis (OPLS-DA), respectively. All single-block models were computed with the SIMCA-P software (Umetrics, v. 13.03, Sweden). Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to evaluate optimal model size based on goodness of prediction Q2. Model validity was verified using permutation tests. For each OPLS-DA model, the most discriminating variables were highlighted based on variable importance in the projection (VIP) and S-plots. The significance of individual variables between groups (G1 vs. G2) was further assessed using ANOVA test (R software, version 2.11.1). Consensus OPLS-DA was used to combine metabolomics and microbial data (Boccard and Rutledge, 2013).
The current study assessed the impact of different microbial-modulating events on rumen microbiota and metabolic phenotype in lambs. We used lambs as animal model because the precocial characteristic of the species allows the separation of lambs from their mothers soon after birth and makes it possible to control the diet and the surrounding environment. In addition, the possibility to have twins that were allocated to different groups reduced possible confounding maternal effects. At the time of the first measurements, lambs had been weaned for 1 month, had a functional rumen (Wardrop and Coombe, 1961) and consumed the same diet that was fed throughout the experiment thus minimizing additional confounding factors.
Throughout the trial, none of the lambs showed signs of health or behavioral problems. The “stressed” freeze-thawed rumen inoculum effectively killed most protozoal cells. At 20 weeks, only one lamb in G2 had Ophryoscolecidae protozoa at relatively low concentrations and at weeks 26 Ophryoscolecidae were present in a second lamb. In contrast, representatives of the Isotrichidae were not present in G2. For G1, all lambs had concentrations comparable to conventionally reared sheep composed of both Ophryoscolecidae and Isotrichidae. The values were stable throughout the experimental period with average concentrations of 6.2 log10/ml rumen fluid (Supplementary Figure S1).
A total of 905 979 bacterial reads were retained following filtering to exclude low quality reads, chimeras and low-presence OTUs up to doubletons. The average per sample was 28,312 ± 8543 with no differences revealed between the two groups and the four samplings at different ages (P = 0.15, n = 4). The Good's coverage estimator returned the highest coverage values for 14 weeks lambs at 99.3%. As lambs aged, the coverage value decreased in subsequent periods. However, the coverage at the end of the 31-week experiment was still good at =97.8% meaning that over 45 reads were needed to detect a new phylotype. Accordingly, rarefactions curves for younger animals started to flatten earlier than for older animals (Supplementary Figure S2A). The Shannon index shows the lowest diversity for 14-week-old lambs in G2 (Table 1). In contrast, smaller differences were detected between other samplings either between groups or through time.
Table 1. Shannon diversity index of rumen bacteria and archaea in lambs as a function of interventions modulating the rumen microbiotaa.
The main phyla detected in all samples were the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as expected for gut-associated bacterial communities in mammals. These two phyla represented on average 52 and 30% of the sequences, respectively. Another prominent phylum was Fibrobacteres, which was absent in 14-week-old lambs but, following inoculation with rumen fluid from adult animals, represented on average 13% of sequences in both 20-week-old lambs and in older lambs. Proteobacteria accounted for ~3% of sequences but their proportion in samples varied between animals and periods, i.e., the large proportion seen in G2 at 14 weeks was driven by a single animal that had up to 30% of total counts represented by Proteobacteria (Table 2; Supplementary Figure S3). As lambs aged, individual differences were less pronounced.
Table 2. Relative abundance of rumen bacterial phyla in lambs as a function of interventions modulating the rumen microbiotaa.
The number of phyla increased following inoculation but also with age, going from only six phyla detected in 14-week-old lambs up to 14, 15, and 16 phyla at 20, 26, and 31 weeks of age, respectively (Table 2). Once a phylum was detected it remained in following sampling times suggesting that they were autochthonous to the environment. TM7 and Armatimonadetes were also detected but not further considered because they appeared in less than half of the animals at a given sampling period. When sequences were analyzed at a lower taxonomical level, i.e., families representing at least 0.1% of the sequences at a given sampling time, the majority of bacteria were classified into the Prevotellaceae from the Bacteroidetes phylum (mean 40%). The Firmicutes were more diverse and were represented by Veillonellaceae (mean 8.9%), Ruminococcaceae (mean 9.3%), and Lachnospiraceae (mean 5.9%) as the largest groups. Fibrobacteraceae were also abundant but results were similar to those presented above for the phylum as, as expected, nearly all Fibrobacteres sequences were also classified into this family. The most important changes at the family level were associated to the presence of a diverse protozoa community in the ecosystem, as substantial variations were observed between 14 and 20 weeks of age for G1 and between 26 and 31 weeks of age for G2 (Supplementary Table S1). In contrast, exposure to OTA impacted the bacterial community less, as judged by fewer changes observed in populations and β-diversity analysis (see below). In association with a normal density and diversity of protozoa, Prevotellaceae decreased by ~40% while Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased 2–6 folds. In contrast, Clostridiaceae and Veillonellaceae increased 3–10 folds (Figure 1). For some of these families, the changes could be largely attributed to known genera like Prevotella for Prevotellaceae, Clostridium for Clostridiaceae or Selenomonas and Succiniclasticum for Veillonellaceae. However, for Lachnospiraceae the decrease could be only partially attributed to Roseburia and in the case of Ruminococcaceae it could not be attributed to any identified genus. Quantitative PCR using species-specific primers confirmed that F. succinogenes, undetected in 14-week-old lambs, was an important species in older lambs (mean 7.2 log10 copies 16 s rRNA gene/mg DNA, P < 0.05). In contrast, changes in Veillonellaceae could not be attributed to S. ruminantium, which remained constant throughout the experiment (mean 7.4 log10 copies 16 s rRNA gene/mg DNA, P > 0.05). The qPCR data also confirmed that decreases in Ruminococcaceae numbers could not be attributed to the common fibrolytic genera, R. albus and R. flavefaciens that showed no changes or even a tendency to increase for the latter. Total bacteria, 16S rRNA gene copies per unit of DNA were logically higher in the absence/low density of protozoa (Supplementary Figure S4).
Figure 1. Variation in relative abundance of bacterial families of as a function of interventions modulating the rumen microbiota in standard (1) and “stressed” microbiota (2) groups. Values for individuals and the median are shown. Striped and solid rectangles indicate, respectively, absence or presence of protozoa. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Beta-diversity analysis using the UniFrac metric (Lozupone and Knight, 2005) revealed that the presence of protozoa was the main discriminant parameter for the bacteria community, particularly influencing the relative abundance of taxa (Figure 2 weighted UniFrac) but also affecting the presence of rarer taxa (Supplementary Figure S5 unweighted Unifrac plot). The effect of challenging events like adult microbiota inoculation and OTA contamination in the diet was assessed for each group by comparing the Bray-Curtis similarity for the same animal at different time points. For G1 the lowest similarity was observed between 14 and 20 weeks of age at 56% following inoculation with fresh rumen content inoculum. This similarity value was different (P > 0.05) to 69 and 73% for 20 vs. 26 and 26 vs. 31 weeks, respectively. For G2 the lowest similarity, although not statistically different from the other periods, was also observed when lambs were allowed to be colonized by protozoa (26 vs. 31 weeks = 61%). The similarity between 14 and 20 and between 20 and 26 weeks of age were 63 and 72%, respectively. Protozoa seemed to produce the biggest shift in bacterial β-diversity substantiating the Unifrac results.
Figure 2. Differences in the rumen bacterial communities of lambs due to the presence/absence of protozoa. PCoA of weighted UniFrac distances. Arrows indicate protozoa contaminated lamb from G2 at 20 and 26 weeks (see text).
For archaea, a total of 78,517 reads were retained with an average per sample of 2454 ± 1179. The minimum and maximum counts per sample were 226 and 4912, respectively. The span between samples was proportionally larger than for bacteria and, in archaea's case, differences were observed between groups (P = 0.0373). There was a general trend for increased counts with aging, pairwise comparison between groups revealed that the difference was due to variance between 14 and 31 weeks for G1. Both the average Good's coverage estimator of 99.6 ± 0.4% and leveled off rarefactions curves (Supplementary Figure S2B) indicate that the number of sequences generated was adequate. The Shannon diversity index increased with aging (P > 0.05) and G2 was less diverse than G1 for the first three sampling ages (Table 1). This difference between groups was significant at 20 weeks of age (P < 0.05). A total of 77 OTUs were identified at 97% similarity but many of these OTUs were present in low numbers and only in some lambs and were not further considered. Based on their abundance, 29 OTUs were retained as they represented ≥1% of the total number of archaeal sequences and were present in ≥50% of the rumen samples from a group at a given time (Supplementary Table S2). These were grouped using the main clades reported in the rumen (Janssen and Kirs, 2008; Figure 3). It was observed that Methanosphaera were important at 14 weeks but decreased following rumen inoculation. In contrast, Methanomassiliicoccales were a minor group at 14 weeks but became predominant in both groups following inoculation with rumen fluid from adult sheep. The Mbb. boviskoriani/wolinii clade increased in older animals and with a standard protozoal community.
Figure 3. Color coded bar plot showing average archaeal clades distribution in lambs as a function of interventions modulating the rumen microbiota in standard (1) and “stressed” microbiota (2) groups.
Unweighted Unifrac analysis (performed with all 77 OTUs) discriminated on the first axis samples from lambs at 14 weeks from those taken at other periods indicating a less marked effect of protozoa on methanogens than on bacteria. The combined effect of age and inoculation were more important determinants of the archaeal community than protozoa alone (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Differences in the rumen archaeal communities of lambs as a function of interventions modulating the rumen microbiota. PCoA of unweighted UniFrac distances. As for Figure 2, squares and circles indicate lambs with and without protozoa respectively. Dotted circle indicates lambs at 14 weeks of age.
Metabolic Phenotype Profile
The evolution of lambs' metabolic phenotypes throughout the experiment was monitored in urine using LC-Q-ToF untargeted metabolomic analyses in combination with multivariate methods. All data, including quality control samples (QCs) that were included throughout the analysis, were first examined by PCA to obtain a global overview of the different sources of variability. A clear separation between lambs mainly explained by the presence or absence of protozoa was observed along the first component highlighting the massive effect of colonization events on urinary metabolites (Supplementary Figure S7). An arched trajectory was observed, similarly to bacterial community profiles shown in Figure 2.
Supervised multivariate analysis was then carried out using OPLS-DA to focus on discriminative metabolic patterns between faunated and non-faunated animals. The assessment of a global OPLS-DA model accounting for all time points resulted in one predictive and two orthogonal components (Figure 5), with a total explained variance R2X(cum) of 32.8% and a cross-validated predictive ability Q2Y(cum) of 78.1%. The explained variance was split into predictive variation (R2p(X) = 13.7%) and the uncorrelated variations (orthogonal variation, R2to(X) = 19.4%). A separate comparison of samples at each time point was then made using PCA and OPLS-DA models. They showed negligible differences between the two groups of lambs at 14 weeks of age despite the fact that they were physically separated but, otherwise, had the same initial contact with their dams and were similarly treated. At 20 and 26 weeks of age both groups were well separated, similarly to the global PCA and OPLS-DA models (figures not shown). However, at 31 weeks, when lambs were all in the same lot, previous differences were effaced. The most discriminant metabolites were selected using a VIP threshold of 2. Figure 6 shows identified metabolites and their time course trajectory calculated using the relative concentrations and their changes in abundance compared to G1 at 14 weeks. Most abundant changes were related to metabolic pathways involving protein, amino acid and polyphenol metabolism. It should be noted that many discriminant metabolites could not be identified using well-curated databases such as METLIN and HMDB. These are shown in Supplementary Figure S8.
Figure 5. Urinary metabolic profile of lambs as a function of interventions modulating the rumen microbiota in standard (G1) and “stressed” microbiota (G2) groups represented by an OPLS-DA model of all lambs throughout the 31 weeks experiment. Data was classified by the presence or absence of protozoa. At each sampling period at 14, 20, 26, and 31 on weeks of age, urine was daily collected for up to 5 days. Each data point represents one lamb/day, for a given period each lamb was analyzed between 3 and 5 times. Inset: S-plot from OPLS-DA model highlights relevant metabolites according to the amplitude p and reliability p(corr) of their variations.
Figure 6. Changes in urine metabolites in lambs of group 1 and 2. Metabolites were selected from the OPLS-DA analysis (variable importance of the projection, VIP-values). P-values indicate differences between presence/absence of protozoa analyzed by ANOVA test. Heatmap shows changes in metabolites relative to group 1 at 14 weeks of age taken as the baseline. Red and blue hues represent fold increase and fold decrease, respectively. Metabolites were identified by their molecular mass, retention time (RT) and MS/MS fragmentation spectrum (F).
To better comprehend the changes induced by treatments we also applied a novel data fusion approach for the joint analysis of metabolomic and microbial data, namely consensus OPLS-DA analysis (Boccard and Rutledge, 2013). Consensus OPLS-DA was performed on the most relevant information from the three sources of data, i.e., urinary metabolites, bacteria and archaea, for assessing the effect of protozoa through the comparison of all the fauna-free and faunated animals. The metabolite dataset was reduced to include the most significant metabolites (VIP > 2, n = 65). A stringent trimming was performed on the bacterial OTUs for obtaining a core set of phylotypes. Only OTUs that were in ≥50% of the rumen samples from a group at a given time and that represented ≥0.1% of the total community counts were selected. From an initial 3946 OTUs, 517 fitted these criteria. For archaea, the dataset contained the 29 OTUs described in the text. A model with two latent variables (one predictive and one orthogonal component) was obtained using leave-one-animal-out cross validation with satisfactory goodness of fit (R2Y = 0.95) and goodness of prediction indices (Q2 = 0.78). The faunation effect was clearly visible on the score plot of the two predictive latent variables (tp1 vs. tp2), separating the two groups (Figure 7A, fauna-free on the left and faunated on the right). The loadings allowed links between urinary metabolites and rumen microbial data (bacteria and archaea) to be drawn. This analysis confirmed the results obtained using different statistical tools for the individual datasets presented above but also provides a more integrative overview of potential links between rumen microbes and the host urinary metabolome (Figure 7B). For instance, extreme loading values for metabolites associated to tryptophan pathway where not only linked to the presence of protozoa but also to bacterial OTUs distantly related to Clostridiales and Bacteroidales. To note also that for the 25 most extreme bacterial OTUs, only two could be assigned to known species (Prevotella ruminicola, 98% identity, and Selenomonas ruminatium, 100% identity) and for the rest the closest relatives had between 95 and 82% identity. These observations are further described in the Discussion Section.
Figure 7. Consensus OPLS-DA results. (A) Score plot of the observations on the predictive (tp) and the orthogonal component (to). Defaunated animals are symbolized by blue dots and faunated animals by orange dots. (B) Combined loading plot of the three sources of data. Dots represent metabolites (blue), bacterial OTUs (orange), and archaeal OTUs (gray). Identified metabolites are labeled in the figure. Labels for the most discriminant microbial OTUs indicate the closest relative obtained by BLAST. C, Clostridiales; B, Bacteroidales; S, Selenomodales; Sp, Spirochaetales; Sy, Synergistales; Sph, Sphingobacteriales; P, Gammaproteobacteria; Massi, Methanomassiliicoccales; Mph, Methanosphaera.
Colonization Events Induced Profound Differences in Rumen Fermentation Traits but without Influencing Growth
Table 3 shows the changes in rumen fermentation, intake, digestibility and body weight throughout the experimental period. Total VFA were greatly influenced by inoculation with rumen fluid from adult sheep. Concentration of rumen VFA increased two folds in G1 at 20 weeks compared to 14 weeks while in G2 the increase was less pronounced. Fauna-free lambs had higher proportion of propionate, lower proportion of butyrate and lower ammonia concentration. In contrast, total dry matter digestibility was negatively affected by protozoa (P = 0.0012), particularly in week 26 in conjunction with OTA challenge with a 6% difference observed between G1 and G2, with and without a standard protozoal population, respectively. Despite the differences described above, growth was not different between groups.
Table 3. Evolution of weight, feed intake and digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics in two groups of lambs with differing rumen microbial intervention historiesa.
The composition of the rumen microbiota of the isolated lamb groups at the first measurement was markedly different of the expected microbiota of lambs reared in contact with adult ruminants. The low diversity of bacterial phyla and the absence of protozoa indicate that the experimental conditions succeeded in maintaining a microbiota that resembled that of 2 to 4-week-old ruminants (Fonty et al., 1987, 1989; Li et al., 2012; Rey et al., 2014). The high proportion of Proteobacteria, compared to older animals, and large individual differences in the abundance of some populations observed in 14-week old lambs was also previously reported in young ruminants (Fonty et al., 1987; Li et al., 2012; Jami et al., 2013). In week 15, lambs in both groups were colonized by gavage that allowed to use the same donor sheep and amount of inoculum for all animals. The microbial composition of the inoculum could not be characterized. However, measuring changes in the inoculum and the stabilized microbiota after gavage was not an objective of the work and based on the results it can be concluded that the microbiota after gavage corresponds to the expected composition for ruminants (Jami et al., 2013; Kittelmann et al., 2013).
Young lambs at 14 weeks of age had a lower bacterial and archaeal α-diversity and a greater inter-individual variation in β-diversity (looser grouping in PCoA plots) than at later time points. It is possible that differences observed in bacterial communities between G1 and G2 at weeks 20 and 26 could be influenced by the freeze-thaw treatment imposed to the inoculum used in G2. Freeze-thaw might have affected some populations but only marginally as suggested by the absence of α-diversity differences between G1 and G2. β-diversity discrimination between groups was mainly driven by the relative abundance of taxa rather than their presence/absence indicating that freeze-thaw was not deleterious to major bacteria. It is interesting to note the contrasting abundance at different measuring periods between Fibrobacteres and Ruminococcaceae, two bacterial groups associated to plant fiber digestion. Fibrobacteres, absent in 14 week-old lambs, were not acquired during the first few hours after birth, when in contact with the mother, or through the environment. Their absence at 14 weeks and presence in older lambs was confirmed by qPCR targeting F. succinogenes. The qPCR results at 20–31 weeks are in line with expected values (Mosoni et al., 2011) but Ion Torrent PGM sequencing indicated a much higher abundance. The great proportion of Fibrobacteres might be due to a sequencing platform effect that might affect some taxa more than others (Salipante et al., 2014) but this need to be confirmed. The Ruminococcaceae were highly represented in 14-week-old lambs but the majority of sequences were not attributed to common fibrolytic spp. R. albus and flavefaciens.
Except for Methanomicrobium spp, all main methanogens clades described in the rumen (Janssen and Kirs, 2008) were present throughout the entire experimental period. However, for some lambs the proportion varied widely. The most striking change observed in the methanogens' community was the negative relationship between the genus Methanosphaera, abundant at 14 weeks, and the Methanomassiliicoccales that became abundant at later sampling periods in both groups. Additional species were introduced when lambs were inoculated with sheep microbiota diversifying the Methanomassiliicoccales population but the apparent blooming of some species between 14 and 20 weeks could also be explained by changes in the microbial, mainly bacterial community, resulting in changes in substrates required for methanogenesis. Differently from most rumen methanogens, these two methanogens cannot utilize CO2 and H2. Methanosphaera uses only methanol and H2 as methanogenic substrates (Fricke et al., 2006) and members of the Methanomassiliicoccales can also use tri-, di-, and mono-methylamine compounds (Borrel et al., 2012). Recently, the presence of gene transcripts involved in methanol and methylamines utilization were identified in the rumen and associated to the activity of Methanomassiliicoccales (Poulsen et al., 2013). Methanosphaera and the new order Methanomassiliicoccales occupy similar trophic niches but the more versatile use of substrates by the latter may explain their higher abundance. Opposed to these results, Kittelmann et al. (2013) reported a positive correlation between these populations in ruminants from New Zealand. After the introduction of a standard protozoal community, some OTUs assigned to Mbb. ruminantium decreased while others from the Mbb. gottschalkii clade and Methanomassiliicoccales increased. However, we did not find clear evidence of a distinct community of methanogens when protozoa were present or absent as reported by other authors (Ohene-Adjei et al., 2008). Differences may be due to animal experimental conditions or use of primers (Tymensen and McAllister, 2012). Tymensen et al. (2012) reported that for cattle Methanobrevibacter spp. were more commonly associated to protozoal cells while Methanomassiliicoccales were more abundant in the liquid fraction.
Modification of Host Metabolic Phenotype by Rumen Microbes and Colonization History
Throughout the study, there was an association between the structure and composition of the rumen microbiota and urine metabolome. In particular, bacteria and protozoa were the populations that had the greatest effects. Additional rumen biochemical characteristics and other measures on the host animal were also affected by the microbiota. Interesting insights can be inferred when considering the rumen microbial status and phenotypes with practical economic value such as weight gain and digestibility. The immature microbiota at 14 weeks, devoid of some keystone rumen members such as the fibrolytic F. succinogenes, did not have a negative effect on lambs' growth as compared to lambs of the same genetic stock reared under normal conditions in the same experimental farm (M. Bernard, personal communication). Total tract digestibility was also adequate for this type of diet, although it is noted that the measure does not differentiate between rumen and the intestine and less rumen activity may be compensated by greater digestion in the hindgut. Rumen fermentation was stimulated by the microbial inoculum, particularly for G1 containing protozoa. This is in accord with the microbial ecology tenet that higher diversity would improve ecosystems functions and stability (Konopka, 2009). However, protozoa negatively affected digestibility, particularly during the OTA challenge. This might be independent of the supposedly high OTA-detoxifying activity of protozoa (Mobashar et al., 2010) but it rather suggests a lower post-ruminal digestibility that remains to be confirmed.
In addition to the effect on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial inoculation also profoundly modified the host urinary metabolome. Most discriminant metabolites were produced by microorganisms or were microbial metabolites modified by the host (co-metabolites). Some clearly increased following inoculation with the complex rumen microbiota such as sebacic acid or indole-3-carboxylic acid, a metabolite associated to tryptophan metabolism, and while others decreased, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Trimethylamine N-oxide is synthesized in the liver from trimethylamine produced by gastrointestinal microorganisms from dietary sources. In ruminants, trimethylamine is a common rumen metabolite that is mainly originated from dietary choline and glycine-betaine (Neill et al., 1978; Mitchell et al., 1979). In humans, choline, betaine and TMAO are implicated in atherosclerosis (Wang et al., 2011) with methanogens of the order Methanomassiliicoccales hypothetically having a protective role in this pathology (Gaci et al., 2014). Our animal model shows indeed that there is a negative relationship between gut Methanomassiliicoccales and urine TMAO. In ruminants the interest is vested in the role of this group of methanogens in methane production; the results hints that TMAO could be a potential biomarker of methylamine-utilizing rumen methanogens.
The presence of protozoa also seems to modify the host metabolome, either because of their own metabolic activity or by modulating the bacterial community. Purine derivatives, allantoic acid and hypoxanthine, are markers of microbial protein synthesis (Chen and Gomes, 1992) and their decrease in the presence of protozoa is attributed to lower bacterial biomass due to predation (Hristov and Jouany, 2005). Other metabolites discriminated for the presence/absence of protozoa such as aminoadipic acid, an intermediate of lysine metabolism, cholic acid and pantothenic acid. However, many other metabolites still need to be identified because there are not available standards and/or their characteristics (molecular mass, retention time and MS/MS spectrum) do not match HMDB or our in-house database highlighting the distinctiveness of the ruminant holobiont metabolism.
Individual Differences and Changes in Urine Metabolome
Many animal species including humans exhibit individual differences in their microbiota. These differences have been ascribed to diet, intrinsic host genetic and immunological factors and to ecological processes of microbial community composition (Mulder et al., 2011; Costello et al., 2012). Controlled animal experiments, as the one described here, can highlight the importance of some of these processes. Inoculation with a “stressed” microbiota in G2 resulted in only one lamb harboring an incomplete protozoal community 6 weeks after the inoculation (a second lamb presented low protozoal concentration 12 weeks after inoculation). The successful implantation of protozoa in this lamb and, on the same account, the lack of implantation on other G2 lambs could be due to host factors but it could also be explained by environmental selection by the rumen ecosystem. It is also noted that the lamb with a different protozoal status also consistently showed different bacterial and urine metabolome profiles compared to other G2 lambs corroborating the strong interactions between microbial groups inhabiting the rumen and the host. In addition, the quick acquisition of protozoa for the rest of G2 lambs when in contact with G1 suggests that exposure to a diverse protozoal community facilitated dispersal, probably through the creation of new ecological niches (Costello et al., 2012). Differences in the microbiota and metabolic urinary profiles between groups were effaced 6 weeks after all lambs were mingled in a same pen. In contrast to other reports (Yáñez-Ruiz et al., 2010), the absence of enduring differences between groups observed in this experiment could be because colonization events occurred several weeks after birth, well after the rapid immunological and anatomical development of the digestive tract GIT. In addition, there were not reinforced by dietary changes or diet differences.
We observed that growth in lambs was not affected by a reduced rumen microbial diversity, by the presence or not of protozoa or by a mild stress treatment. In spite of that, rumen microbial diversity had a major influence on rumen fermentation parameters, digestibility, and the general metabolism of the host as monitored through the urinary metabolome profile. These results suggest that under controlled and unchanged sanitary, environmental, and dietary conditions an adequate rumen function can be provided by a microbiota with reduced diversity. The evolutionary advantages for ruminants to maintain an extremely diverse microbial community in the rumen could be regarded as an insurance policy against dietary changes and occasional aggressions such as xenobiotics. The interaction found between TMAO and methanogens from the order Methanomassiliicoccales shows potential for the metabolomics approach for the discovery and monitoring of biomarkers of rumen microbial functions of interest.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
D. Graviou, D. Alvarez (UMR1213 Herbivores), and H. Jakobsen (Tech. U. Denmark) for their technical assistance. M. Fabre and S. Alcouffe (UERT) for animal care. This project was partly funded by the French National Research Agency through the program FACCE-JPI RumenStability and national funds appropriated to INRA.
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01060
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Keywords: gut microbial colonization, host-microbe interaction, urine metabolome, rumen archaea, rumen bacteria, rumen protozoa
Citation: Morgavi DP, Rathahao-Paris E, Popova M, Boccard J, Nielsen KF and Boudra H (2015) Rumen microbial communities influence metabolic phenotypes in lambs. Front. Microbiol. 6:1060. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01060
Received: 30 July 2015; Accepted: 14 September 2015;
Published: 12 October 2015.
Edited by:Zhongtang Yu, The Ohio State University, USA
Reviewed by:Suzanne Lynn Ishaq, Montana State University, USA
Timothy John Snelling, University of Aberdeen, UK
Copyright © 2015 Morgavi, Rathahao-Paris, Popova, Boccard, Nielsen and Boudra. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Diego P. Morgavi, Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France;
Clermont Université, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France, firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:c6ce3f4d-a43c-4666-8482-0733eb607a7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01060/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.908651 | 13,898 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Modular converters based on the connection of multiple power cells have become a competitive solution for many applications, achieving high performance with reduced production and maintenance costs. However, their performance is degraded if the power modules present an unbalanced operation, which is a common case in some applications and/or when they implement active thermal control methods. Variable-angle carrier-based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies face this challenge by minimizing the negative impact of unequal power sharing among the cells. They do this by improving the harmonic quality of the output waveforms, which has a direct impact on the lifetime of the output filters and/or components.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
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The Donald R. Hamilton Lectures and Colloquium Series are an endowed series of public talks given in honor of the late Donald Ross Hamilton.
Hamilton was an atomic and nuclear experimental physicist, who made major contributions to the Physics Department and to the University.
Donald Hamilton was born on September 5, 1914 at Hartford, Vermont. He attended public schools there, and in New York City, but his heart lay in the rugged hills of West Virginia, his ancestral home. He was graduated from Princeton in 1935 with highest honors and during his whole subsequent career was a loyal and enthusiastic supporter of the University. His Ph.D. degree he received in 1939 from Columbia University, where he worked with Professor I.I. Rabi on an extremely difficult thesis problem. He then spent a year at the Society of Fellows of Harvard University. During World War II he was associated with the M.I.T. Radiation Laboratory and with the Sperry Gyroscope Company. He served his country by turning his scientific talents to the development of microwave generators for radar purposes. his important contributions are recorded in a volume of the Radiation laboratory Series of which he is a co-author. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1946, was Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics from 1955 until 1957 and served as Dean of the graduate School from 1958 and 1965 when failing health compelled him to resign the appointment.
Donald Hamilton loved teaching and before he was laid low by his physical affliction he was a great teacher. Even afterwards he conducted lively seminars in his home for his thesis students.
His interests in research and teaching were not narrowly limited to his own speciality, and he would subordinate his research interests when he felt the call of other loyalties - to his Country, to his University and to his Department. Thus is 1958 when he accepted the position of Dean of the Graduate School, it was out of a sense of duty and loyalty and with the realization that his position as a scientist would suffer.
Under his supervision, systematic growth of the Princeton Graduate School was carried forward with full time enrollments rising from about 800 to 1100. The first women were admitted as degree candidates. Fellowship awards were more than doubled. New graduate student housing was achieved. Fresh graduate programs were begun in the Biochemical Sciences, Comparative Literature, East Asian Studies, Linguistics, and Slavic Languages and Literatures.
As Dean, Donald Hamilton had an influential hand in all these developments. Here, as in other parts of his career, he was interested in the pursuits of humanists no less than those of scientists. He saw us all as engaged in a common cause, and he sought always to support and strengthen that cause, the pursuit of learning and the life of the mind, throughout the University.
His even quick and curious mind, his constant concern for others, and the clarity and firmness of his judgment contributed much to the central policy councils of the University during his deanship.
Donald Hamilton contributed his talents to the support of the Princeton University Press. He served on the Editorial Board for four years and was a Trustee vigorously working for the welfare of the Press from 1954 until his death.
His own characterization of physics as "the Queen of the Sciences and most liberal of the Arts" epitomized his views. For Donald Hamilton, physics was much more than a discipline to which he had a professional commitment. He viewed the study of science as a religious pursuit of the most fundamental of questions, the nature of man's relationship to the Universe, while history was for him the no less important study of man's relationship to man. He once wrote of himself: "I am a physicist - one who communes with nature, one who struggles to glimpse the great invariants of the Universe, a follower of humble men like Galileo and Einstein. - But my love of nature in the abstract combines with a fondness for the human race, that noblest of the phenomena of nature."
Donald Hamilton's good influence among us as teacher, scholar, administrator, and friend will continue to be felt for years to come. He was a rare person whose memory will live long in the hearts and minds of all who knew him.
The above is an excerpt from the "Memorial Service for Donald Ross Hamilton", by H.S. Bailey, Jr., R.H. Dicke, R.F. Goheen and A.G . Shenstone, 6 January 1972., ed. Robert L. Cope. | <urn:uuid:f0040f52-5dc4-4370-9e4d-343c5c2d9f91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phy.princeton.edu/events/donald-r-hamilton-colloquium-series/donald-r-hamilton-overview | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.986411 | 911 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Advances in MIL-D-38999L connectors lead to smaller, lighter, and greater bandwidth
The military circular connectors have been around since the beginning of time, or so it seems. They were developed in the 1930s for Army and Navy severe applications. The "AN" Series of Circular connectors, as they were known, originated in the 1930s as a dependable, rugged military electrical connector that has evolved into the 38999 electrical interconnect system today that now has many more demands on it than simple point-to-point electrical connections. It has been utilized by not only the military, but has also found its way into Industrial, Aerospace, and Automotive applications where dependability is paramount.
Sorry, the full text of this article is not currently available. Please try back later.
The editor was notified of this error on: Wednesday 27th of July 2022 05:29:09 PM. | <urn:uuid:8bf16352-03fc-45d2-8331-7ac6f5a3b33f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://vita.mil-embedded.com/articles/advances-mil-d-38999l-lead-smaller-lighter-greater-bandwidth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.981581 | 185 | 2.875 | 3 |
- the subject contains Segregation
- or the subject contains "Civil rights movements"
- or the subject contains "Black Power"
- or the subject contains "Social justice"
- or the subject contains "Gun control"
Showing Results: 1 - 1 of 1
This series contains the papers of William H. Masterson, president of University of Chattanooga and chancellor of University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Arranged in office files, loosely alphabetical by subject or person of interest, the materials in this collection include memorandums, correspondence, publications, newspaper clippings, and other records pertaining to the administration of the university from 1966 to 1973. | <urn:uuid:a467ed25-39e0-44a2-b7bc-f33cdf0dda0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findingaids.library.utc.edu/search?q%5B%5D=Segregation&op%5B%5D=&field%5B%5D=subjects_text&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&q%5B%5D=%22Civil+rights+movements%22&op%5B%5D=OR&field%5B%5D=subjects_text&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&q%5B%5D=%22Black+Power%22&op%5B%5D=OR&field%5B%5D=subjects_text&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&q%5B%5D=%22Social+justice%22&op%5B%5D=OR&field%5B%5D=subjects_text&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&q%5B%5D=%22Gun+control%22&op%5B%5D=OR&field%5B%5D=subjects_text&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&limit=resource&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=Segregation+in+education+--+Law+and+legislation&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=Education+--+Tennessee+--+Chattanooga&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=Education+--+Tennessee+--+Chattanooga&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=College+presidents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.880853 | 134 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Invest in Mutual Funds through SIP
What is SIP?
SIP or Systematic Investment Plan is a plan through which a person can invest a small amount in a mutual fund at regular intervals (monthly/quarterly).
SIP averages your investment cost over the investment duration and gives the flexibility of choosing your own amount and frequency, making it an ideal investment option for any investor.
Benefits of SIP
How does a SIP work?
SIP works on the basic concept of regularity of investments. It works like a recurring investment of a specified amount, which gets debited directly from an investor’s bank account at select intervals.
Once the investor pays the SIP amount, the mutual fund house allocates you with a certain number of units of the scheme you have chosen to invest in, depending upon the scheme’s Net Asset Value (NAV) for the day. With every SIP installment, the investor gains additional units of the scheme.
Since, every time the scheme units are bought at different rates, therefore, with the same SIP amount invested at regular intervals, the investor’s money buys him/her fewer units of the mutual fund scheme during rising markets and more units during declining markets.
Thus, a SIP enables you to lower the average cost of your investment and reduce the risk of your investment by spreading your purchase price over time. This is known as rupee cost averaging.
Moreover, a SIP enables you to regularly increase your investment amount by a fixed amount and get the benefit of compounding as you earn returns on the returns generated by your investment. This is called power of compounding.
Why should you SIP?
One, it imparts financial discipline to your life. Two, it helps you to invest regularly without wrestling with market mood, index level, etc. For example, if you are supposed to put a fixed amount every month in a mutual fund scheme, you need to find time to do it. When you have the time, you might be worried about market conditions and think of postponing your investments. Or you might be thinking of investing more if the mood is optimistic. SIP puts an end to all these predicaments. The money is automatically invested regularly in a scheme without any effort on your part.
Can I customize my SIP?
Yes, you can. Though the most popular SIP is investing a fixed amount every month, investors can customise the way they put money via SIPs. Many fund houses allow investors to invest monthly, bi-monthly and fortnightly, according to their convenience.
Apart from this, Step-up SIPs allow investors to increase the SIP amount periodically. ‘Alert SIP’ is another form of the regular systematic investment plan which sends an alert to the investor to buy more when the markets are down.
In case of the ‘perpetual SIPs,’ investors don’t have to choose the end date of the SIP. Once the goal is met, the investors can stop the SIP by sending a written communication to the fund house.
What is SIP Top-Up
Top-up SIP is a facility whereby an investor has an option to increase the amount of the SIP Installment by a fixed amount at pre-defined intervals. This will enhance the flexibility of the investor to invest higher amounts during the tenure of the SIP.
A Big Goal can be achieved by breaking it into small amounts. Start with the Right SIP Amount and periodically increase your monthly investments through an SIP Top-Up, thereby creating an opportunity to build more wealth & achieve your dreams faster.
A SIP Top Up increases your SIP installment amount over a chosen period, allowing you to TOP-UP your investments with your rising income. Choose to TOP-UP your investments and : Increase your investments with increasing income automatically,
Manage your financial goals better & Reach your financial goals faster. | <urn:uuid:cc80356f-8114-4d9c-a53e-e8f7dd92f7ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hrpwealth.in/mutual-funds-sip-investment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942287 | 815 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Last week I presented the first part of a private interview with Li Yuanchao (BusinessWeek.com, 2/20/08), who was promoted to China's Politburo after his great success in his five-year term as Party Secretary of high-output Jiangsu Province. A longtime colleague of Communist Party of China (CPC) General Secretary and China President Hu Jintao from their years together in the Communist Youth League, Minister Li is now head of the powerful Organization Dept. of the Central Committee of the CPC, which appoints senior officials in ministries of the central government and in provincial and municipal governments, and senior executives of China's large state-owned enterprises. Li had just published a provocative, controversial article in People's Daily on "Intra-Party Democracy," which elaborated and extended President Hu's call in the Party Congress for greater democracy.
In Part I we discussed the long years of experimentation with political and economic reform that China has witnessed since the end of the Mao era. Li also outlined the essential connections between political and economic reform in post-Mao China and how President Hu's stress on intra-party democracy has become especially clear in recent months. In Part II Minister Li details the steps needed for the next wave of reform: | <urn:uuid:7240393f-f0d3-4fb9-8614-b383526efda5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2008-02-27/chinas-new-roadmap-for-political-reformbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971478 | 255 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Every day objects for everyday use, we can’t live without them anymore. And to be honest we really take them for granted. For instance a colander, without it our sink would constantly be full with spaghetti. Yes in my world we eat spaghetti everyday. But besides keeping my delicious spaghetti safe you can also use it as a film making tool. Just like a lot of other household tools you have laying around.
And you can really be as creative as you want. Heck you can even make your own slider with cardboard. Definitely check out Jordy’s video about how to make your own film gear with just Cardboard. It’s the best thing to keep you occupied during this lock-down. Now that I think of it, it’s sad that you can’t build your own 8K camera with just cardboard, otherwise I would already have ten cameras laying around. But we can all say that cardboard is the best.
MSI Creator Awards
Join the MSI Creator Awards and submit your creative video to be in the running to win amazing prizes! | <urn:uuid:26c22e05-2d91-4ea7-b8df-ac612d7c721a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cinecom.net/cinematography-tips/7-video-hacks-stuck-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957154 | 222 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Annual 11th Grade Debate Tournament
Champions of 11th Grade Debate Tournament have been announced.
The semi-final was on 27th November, Wednesday. Teams formed of voluntary students from all 11th graders debated on the topics “Science is a Threat to Humanity” and “Internet Encourages Democracy”. The first match was won by the opposition and the latter by the government. The final was on 4th December, Wednesday on the topic “Private universities provide better education for their students.” Both the governing and the opposing teams successfully delivered their speeches and supported their ideas. The opposition team, Zeynep Melis Ekşi, Birce Sasık, Emir Bacaksız ve Bengü Altıntaş won the match and became the champions. Thanks to our 11th graders who came up with bright ideas and well-studied points while excelling in English and their friends who were courageous enough to be the jury together with their English teachers. | <urn:uuid:747a8fbd-0137-4b03-af45-c1b8ddb97583> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cevrekoleji.k12.tr/en/annual-11th-grade-debate-tournament-2019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.983253 | 206 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The concept behind the name is that their food– which is unprocessed, completely healthy, and adoringly prepared– is more authentic, more “real,” than good deals of other food. Wise considering that it’s an allowed viewpoint that the closer something is to its source, the more “real” it is.
Preliminary paintings are considered more “real” than prints. Linguistically ingenious people are thought about more “authentic” than those who replicate one-liners from Television. A head of lettuce is more “real” than a hotdog.
Needless to state, comparing these 2 entities is harder (and more unsure) than comparing paintings and prints. Every minute of every day, a moderate battle occurs in between those that go to spiritual occasions and those that merely “believe in something.”
How various people do you comprehend that merely “believe in something”? Which pleads the issue: do treatments boost “real spirituality” or impede it?
If any) and presume that there is in truth– for lack of a more substantial term– a spirit world, let’s cast aside our existential leanings (. If this uses, then everyone are naturally connected to it, which reveals that accessing the spirit world (by approaches of prayer, visualization, impulse, and so on) requires no special passkeys.
A variety of those that just “believe in something” like the sound of this. For them, all formally spiritual chants, programs, clothing, and prayers are empty devices standing in between the plain flesh of humankind and the glittering blue rivers of eternity.
To my mind, such requirements do not interfere with authentic spirituality. Whereas the concept behind Real Food Daily is both unreasonable and clever, the concept of Real Spirituality is merely plain silly.
Think of the world of the spirit as a house with great deals of doors. And when it refers to those people that merely “believe in something,” we may do not have a main name, and we may get in through the back, nevertheless I’ve no doubt that we reach the extremely particular really exact same place.
The concept behind the name is that their food– which is unprocessed, kindly healthy, and adoringly prepared– is more authentic, more “real,” than a bargain of other food. Wise due to the reality that it’s an enabled method that the closer something is to its source, the more “authentic” it is.
Which asks the issue: do requirements enhance “real spirituality” or minimize it?
To my mind, such treatments do not interfere with real spirituality. Whereas the concept behind Real Food Daily is both absurd and reasonable, the concept of Real Spirituality is merely plain silly. | <urn:uuid:69d88dee-a7fd-4efb-bcff-a586ff8f1b73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.astrologervinodkumar.com/genuine-spirituality-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.944215 | 597 | 1.875 | 2 |
By Nikki Garrett Metzger
(Victorville) -– The students and staff at Endeavour School of Exploration had a trio of special guests this week. Dr. Dale Marsden, superintendent of the Victor Elementary School District invited Victorville Mayor Ryan McEachron and Rep. Howard “Buck” McKeon’s (R-Santa Clarita) representative Michael Orme to tour Endeavour and two other VESD schools.
“I’ve been working with Dale for some time to come out to see his schools. I want to see what he’s been doing that has been so successful, and to see if there are any issues that the schools are having that the city can assist with,” said McEachron. “I want to find out what great things they are doing in their school district since they have so many high performing schools. I really have an interest in our educational system and wanted to get out and see it.”
Interim Principal Ramona Priestly lead the VIPs on the tour of the school. First they joined a presentation given by the San Bernardino County Museum to third grade students on artifacts related to Native American Indians. From there the group went down to the playground and observed the sixth graders participating in an archeological dig.
Sixth grade teacher Tisha Entz, who is also an archeologist, explained, “They are doing a simulated archeological project. There are different artifacts that another class buried for them. The students have set up their grids and they are trying to find the artifacts. They will record everything that they find just like they would on a real project. Once collected they will take their artifacts back and analyze them. It is part of the process of understanding the clues to our past and how we get those clues.”
Priestly explained that Endeavour has an inquiry approach to learning. They teach the California Content Standards, which are basic knowledge in reading, writing and math, but they also give their students a unique opportunity. “Project based learning has students participating in authentic projects that are relevant to them. They bring that basic knowledge that they have learned to those projects to really reinforce those basic skills,” said Priestly. “We all learn in many different ways, but you learn even better by doing things.”
The tour group also visited several of the classrooms and the computer lab. The Mayor said he was most impressed with the engagement he witnessed in each classroom. “It was neat to see that the students were really engaged in what they were doing. Obviously wanting to learn is a great thing to see. The professionalism of the teachers was also impressive. They are genuinely involved in educating these kids and they love what they do.”
After the tour was complete McEachron talked about the experience. “I learned that the city and the school district can partner together, do things together to help better the education system. And I think that was part of the reason Dr. Marsden wanted me to visit the schools, to see on a much larger scale what can we be doing together to help advance education locally. Not just at the elementary level, but also the high school and college level. I think it is key to the future of the Victor Valley.” | <urn:uuid:c4c818c4-b94c-4c05-82c5-03b298b63eaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://highdesertdaily.com/2011/10/mayor-tours-endeavour-school-exploration-sees-opportunity-partnerships-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.98467 | 686 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Giesser Premium Cut Veggie No 1 (1915 s 16 tol )
- Tree of life
- Vegetable knife
- The handle is also very special. “The handle plates are made of one of the finest rootwoods, the Thuja. Thuja, also known as the tree of life, is an extremely durable wood. Every handle is absolute unique. Due to the finest polishing processes, the wood has a velvety touch, the handle, therefore, is very comfortable and safe in the hand.
But beware! The knife is particularly sharp and should be used with the necessary respect. This special and valuable cooking knife should always be rinsed with care by hand and stored safely (out of the reach of children). | <urn:uuid:78291508-984f-4891-aaa1-b79de2277b15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kentmaster.com.au/product/giesser-premium-cut-veggie-no-1-1915-s-16-tol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945417 | 159 | 1.570313 | 2 |
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Sec. Systems Microbiology
Interactions Between Rumen Microbes, VFAs, and Host Genes Regulate Nutrient Absorption and Epithelial Barrier Function During Cold Season Nutritional Stress in Tibetan Sheep
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- 2Gannan Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Hezuo, China
As one of the important ruminants of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep are able to reproduce and maintain their population in this harsh environment of extreme cold and low oxygen. However, the adaptive mechanism of Tibetan sheep when nutrients are scarce in the cold season of the Plateau environment is unclear. We conducted comparative analysis rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbes, and expression of host genes related to nutrient absorption and rumen epithelial barrier function in cold and warm season Tibetan sheep. We found that concentrations of the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate of Tibetan sheep in the cold season were significantly higher than in the warm season (P < 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed significant differences in rumen microbiota between the cold and warm seasons, and the abundance of microbial in the cold season was significantly higher than that in the warm season (P < 0.05), and the lack of nutrients in the cold season led to a significant reduction in the expression of SGLT1, Claudin-4, and ZO-1 genes in the rumen epithelium. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations of some rumen microorganisms with the fermentation product acetate and the rumen epithelial genes SGLT1, Claudin-4, and ZO-1.
Microbiotas are symbiotic with all macroorganisms. The growth, development, and health of macroorganisms are affected by microbes in their environment that determine the physiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution of the host (Hadfield et al., 2013; Foster et al., 2017). Biology is undergoing a paradigm shift, and individual phenotypes are now regarded as the result of interactions between the host genome and related microbiome. The mammalian digestive system is colonized by complex microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa, which play an important role in diet fermentation and host energy supply (Lin et al., 2019). There is a strong symbiotic relationship between animal gut microbiota and the host, which helps the host digest and assimilate food, and thereby provides energy and nutrition to the host. For example, intestinal microorganisms can aid the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and other non-digestible substances in the host, so that these compounds can be utilized by the host (Hooper et al., 2002). The rumen epithelium is a unique location for host-microorganism interactions, and these interactions can affect the net use of nutrients by the host (Holmes et al., 2012; Malmuthuge and Guan, 2017). The availability of food, nutrient intake patterns of animals, and geographical resources change with time and season. Different food sources or geographical environments have significant effects on microbial composition in the host gut (Amato et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2016).
Tibetan sheep, bred on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of more than 3,000 m, are the main source of meat, wool, fuel, and other necessities for the economy and lifestyle of the local population. Tibetan sheep are in a state of natural grazing all year round, and they consume natural herbage as their predominant source of nutrients (Wiener et al., 2011; An et al., 2005). Alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau experiences two seasons, warm and cold, which correspond to changes in the grassland vegetation in the grass and hay periods. The duration of the grass period (warm season) is less than 5 months; the grass starts to turn green in early May and turns yellow in early October. Throughout the year, Tibetan sheep mainly acquire nutrients by eating natural herbage, but during the long hay period (cold season); they can only acquire nutrients by eating dry grass. Despite these harsh environmental conditions, Tibetan sheep survive and maintain their population. However, how Tibetan sheep adapt to the harsh Plateau environment is unclear and could be due to various factors, the most important of which may be genetic factors. Most previous studies on plateau adaptation have focused on host genomes, because genetic adaptation is the central focus of evolutionary biology, and only a few studies have been conducted on microbiota and its coevolution (Zhang et al., 2016). However, a growing number of studies have found that microbial cells inhabiting the host gastrointestinal tract play an important role in host adaptation (Kwong et al., 2017; Ross et al., 2018; Zepeda Mendoza et al., 2018). Lin et al. (2019) emphasized the importance of the joint development of the host and its microbiome on the adaptability of the host, and the identification of a common set of genes that regulate host-microorganism interactions between mammalian populations and species have broad implications for human health and animal biology (Lin et al., 2019; Suzuki et al., 2019). Therefore, combined with the study of microbiome, it can better explain the plateau adaptability of Tibetan sheep in cold season.
Mammalian gastrointestinal microorganisms also play an important role in epithelial barrier function, and provide many benefits to the host, including nutrient utilization and protection against pathogens via the secretion of compounds that kill or inhibit the undesirable organisms (Yoon et al., 2014). For example, carbohydrates are effectively decomposed into short-chain fatty acids by commensal microorganisms in the rumen for use by the host. However, the situation with glucose is unique amongst these carbohydrates. In the rumen, most glucose is decomposed into short-chain fatty acids by commensal microorganisms. However, the ion transporter SGLT-1 can directly transfer some glucose from the rumen to the blood for absorption, thereby saving energy (Aschenbach et al., 2000a, b, 2002). In addition, the rumen epithelial barrier comprises a network of intercellular protein complexes that form selective tight junctions (TJs) and can interact with the epithelial microbiome (Zhang et al., 2018). Claudins are key molecules in the barrier function of TJs. ZO-1, the first tight junction protein to be discovered, interacts with various other connecting components and plays a pivotal role (Furuse et al., 1998; Bazzoni et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2018). This indicates that there is a distinct relationship between rumen microorganisms and epithelial barrier function and nutrient absorption in the host. However, there are limited studies on the changes of rumen microorganisms in Tibetan sheep grazing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the cold and warm seasons, and the expression of genes related to nutrient absorption and epithelial barrier function in the rumen of these sheep. At present, most of the studies only focus on the diversity of rumen microorganisms, while few studies explain the plateau adaptability in cold season through the combination of microbiome and genome. The current study aimed to address this by obtaining the rumen fermentation profile and rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep under cold season nutrient stress by analyzing changes in the rumen internal environment (rumen fermentation mode, 16S rRNA gene sequencing) in cold and warm seasons, and examining expression of related genes in rumen epithelial tissues. Changes in gene expression associated with the rumen epithelium may provide new insights into the interactions between rumen microbes-volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-host genes, and thus could help elucidate the cold season adaptability of Tibetan sheep.
Materials and Methods
All studies involving animal were carried out in accordance with the regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animal (Ministry of Science and Technology, China; revise in June 2004), and sample collection protocols were approved by the Livestock Care Committee of Gansu Agricultural University (Approval No. GAU-LC-2020-27).
Experimental Design and Sampling
Ten healthy Tibetan sheep ewes (1 year old, weight = 35.12 ± 1.43 kg) were obtained from a farm in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gansu Province, China), which used local traditional natural grazing management and was located at an altitude of 3,300 m. These animals are randomly divided into two groups, representing the warm (July) and cold (December) seasons, with five sheep in each period, grazing in the same pasture as the other sheep. Samples were collected in July 2019 and December 2019, respectively. Rumen samples (50 ml, rumen fluid) were collected from each animal with a gastric tube rumen sampler in the morning and were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C for 16S rRNA sequencing. Then the jugular vein bloodletting was performed, and the internal organs and digestive tract were carefully dissected after death, the rumen contents were taken immediately (for determination of VFAs), and rumen epithelial tissue samples were acquired by dissecting a small piece of rumen abdominal sac, quickly removing rumen contents by rinsing with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), then separating the epithelial tissue with blunt scissors. Tissue samples were placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C refrigerator for subsequent RNA extraction.
Measurement of Volatile Fatty Acids
The collected rumen fluid was centrifuged at 5400 rpm for 10 min, 1 ml of supernatant was pipetted into a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube, and then 0.2 ml of 25% metaphosphoric acid solution containing internal standard 2EB was added. Then mix, ice bath for 30 min, centrifuge at 10000 rpm for 10 min, filter the supernatant into a sample bottle with a 0.25 um filter, and wait for the gas chromatograph to determine (GC-2010 plus; Shimadzu, Japan). The internal standard method was adopted, using 2-ethyl butyric acid (2EB) as the internal standard. The chromatographic column was an AT-FFAP (50 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 m) capillary column. The column temperature was maintained at 60°C for 1 min, then increased to 115°C at 5°C/min without reservation, and then increased to 180°C at 15°C/min. The detector temperature was 260°C and the injector temperature was 250°C.
DNA Extraction and High-Throughput Sequencing
Total DNA was isolated from each rumen sample using MN NucleoSpin 96 Soil kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany). First, appropriate rumen contents were transferred to a 2 mL centrifuge tube and lysate was added to make the samples fully decomposed. The samples were centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 2 min and the supernatant was transferred. Then, extraction was carried out according to the specific steps of the kit. The bacterial V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA genes in the total DNA were amplified using the primers 338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′) and 806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′). The PCR conditions comprised a pre-denaturation step at 95°C for 3 min, 40 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, annealing at 55°C for 30 s, and extension at 72°C for 30 s, followed by a final extension step at 72°C for 7 min. All amplified products were sequenced and analyzed on an Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, United States). The sequencing data were deposited into the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of NCBI (Accession No. SRR12719079-SRR12719088).
RNA Extraction and Gene Expression Analysis of Rumen Epithelium
Total RNA was extracted from rumen epithelial tissues of Tibetan sheep using the Trizol reagent method (TransGen). cDNA synthesis was performed using a reverse transcription kit containing the gDNA wiper enzyme. Primer 5.0 software was used to design primers for the genes SGLT1, Claudin-4 and ZO-1; β-actin was the internal reference gene. Primer information is shown in Table S1. An Applied Biosystems Q6 Quantitative PCR instrument was used to quantify fluorescence of the rumen epithelium-related genes and the internal reference gene. Reaction conditions were pre-denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 s and 60°C for 30 s, and the dissolution curve (95°C for 15 s, 60°C for 60 s, 95°C for 15 s). The 20-μl reaction system contained 2 × ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix, cDNA template and upstream and downstream primers. The resulting data were analyzed using the 2–ΔΔCT method and β-actin as the internal reference gene for correction (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001).
Based on the raw data returned by the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, double-ended splicing (FLASH v1.2.7), filtering (Trimmomatic v0.33), and removal of chimeras (UCHIME v4.2) were used to obtain optimized sequences (tags). Usearch software (Edgar, 2013) was utilized to cluster tags at a similarity level of 97%, obtain operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and annotate the OTUs based on the Silva (bacterial) taxonomy database. Based on the results of OTU analysis, taxonomic analysis was performed on the samples at various classification levels to obtain community structure maps, species clustering heat maps, and taxonomy of each sample at the level of phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Alpha diversity was used to analyze species diversity within a single sample, the diversity index Ace, Chao1 (the measurement of species abundance), and Shannon, Simpson (the measurement of species diversity) were obtained, and the samples were plotted as a dilution curve (Wang et al., 2012) and rank abundance curve. Beta diversity analysis was used to compare differences in species diversity (microbial composition and structure) between different samples. Obtain the sample level clustering (UPGMA) tree, NMDS analysis, sample clustering heat map and sample PCA, PCoA map (Sakaki et al., 1994; Dubois et al., 2010) (with grouping information), box plot based on multiple distances, etc. according to the distance matrix; Through the significance analysis of the difference between groups (LEfSe analysis), look for Biomarker with statistical differences between different groups (Segata et al., 2011), and use Metastats software to perform a T test on the species abundance data between the groups (White et al., 2009); get p value, pass Correct the p value to obtain the q value; finally select the species that lead to the difference in the composition of the two groups of samples according to the p value or the q value; through 16S functional gene prediction analysis (KEGG and COG), predict the gene function of the sample and calculate the functional gene abundance.
Statistical Data Analysis
The independent sample T test in SPSS software (version 24.0, SPSS Inc.) was used to analyze differences in rumen fermentation parameters (VFAs) and related gene expression in the cold and warm seasons; P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between VFAs, gene expression, and rumen microorganisms (relative abundance >0.5%).
Determination of Rumen Fermentation Parameters
Various rumen fermentation parameters of Tibetan sheep were measured in different seasons (Table 1). The concentration of some VFAs were significantly higher in the cold season (December) than in the warm season (July) (P < 0.05). These VFAs included acetate, propionate, and butyrate; other VFAs had no significant difference in concentrations between the cold and warm seasons (P = 0.240). Proportionate analysis of the VFAs revealed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of propionate between cold and warm seasons (P = 0.127). The proportion of acetate in the cold season was significantly higher than that in the warm season, while the proportions of butyrate and other VFAs were significantly higher in the warm season than the cold season (P < 0.05). The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (A:P) was significantly higher in the cold season than in the warm season (P < 0.05).
Diversity of Rumen Microbes
A total of 798,832 pairs of reads were obtained in this study, and 742,226 clean tags were generated after tiling and filtering of double-ended reads. At least 73,683 (average 74,223) clean tags were generated for each sample, with an average sequence length of 419 bp (Supplementary Table S2). Usearch software was used to cluster tags at the similarity level of 97%, OTUs for each sample was obtained. A total of 1023 OTU were obtained, including 938 in the warm season and 984 in the cold season (Figure 1A). The number of unique OTU in the cold season was significantly higher than that in the warm season. The dilution curve described the species diversity and species richness of each sample. The curve flattened at 20,000 reads, indicating that the sequencing coverage was saturated (Figure 1B). As shown in Table 2, the alpha-diversity index indicated that ACE in the cold season was significantly higher than that in warm season (P < 0.05), suggesting that microbial species abundance in the rumen of Tibetan sheep was significantly higher in the cold season than in the warm season. Shannon and Chao1 indexes were also higher in the cold season than in warm season, but the differences were not significant. The species accumulation curve (Figure S1) shows that the numbers of species and common species in the environment have reached saturation and will not increase further with any further increases of sample size. PCoA analysis revealed significant differences in rumen microbial species between the cold season and the warm season (Figure 1C). Anosim analysis further showed that the differences between groups were significantly greater than those within groups (Figure 1D).
Figure 1. (A) OTU-Venn diagram analysis of cold and warm seasons; (B) Dilution curve analysis; (C,D) PCoA and Anosim analysis.
The Impact of Cold Season Nutritional Stress on Rumen Microbial Composition
At the taxonomic level, a total of 17 phyla, 26 classes, 42 orders, 68 families, 160 genera, and 175 species were detected in the rumen microbiota. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria, and their relative abundances were all greater than 1%. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes had the highest relative abundances in both cold and warm seasons, accounting for more than 90% of the total rumen bacteria (Figure 2A). In addition, there were 10 differential phyla between the cold and warm seasons (Supplementary Data Sheet 1), among which six phyla had a relative abundance that was significantly higher in the cold season than in the warm season (q < 0.05), and four phyla had a relative abundance that was significantly lower in the cold season than in the warm season. The most obvious of these differential phyla were Bacteroidetes, which increased significantly in the cold season (q = 0.0153), and Firmicutes, which decreased significantly in the cold season (q = 0.0063). At the genus level (Figure 2B), the relative abundance of bacteria in 66 genera was more than 0.1%, and Prevotella_1 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant genera in both cold and warm seasons. A total of 66 differential genera were identified among 160 genera (q < 0.05) (Supplementary Data Sheet 1). Of the 10 most abundant genera, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group showed a significant increase in relative abundance in the cold season (q < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae, Butyrivibrio_2, and Succiniclasticum were significantly reduced in the cold season (q < 0.05). Many cellulose-decomposing bacteria were also identified in this study, such as Ruminococcus_2, Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio_2, Treponema_2, and Pseudobutyrivibrio. ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in the rumen microbiota between cold and warm seasons at the phylum and genus levels (Supplementary Data Sheet 1). LEfSe analysis of samples between groups showed that there were 12 differential biomarkers (LDA score >4) for the two seasons (Figure 3), which was in agreement with the ANOVA analysis. Overall, there were significant differences between cold season and warm season.
Figure 2. (A) Relative abundance of phylum horizontal species; (B) Relative abundance of genus horizontal species.
Figure 3. LDA value distribution histogram. LDA value > 4, and the length of the bar chart represents the influence of different species.
Gene Function Prediction
A total of 43 KEGG gene families and 25 COG gene families were identified in the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data using PICRUSt software to predict gene function. Among these predictions, 31 KEGG gene families and 13 COG gene families showed significant differences between the cold and warm seasons (Figure 4). Of the 43 KEGG gene families, more than 70% were classified as metabolism-related, with functions related to carbohydrate metabolism accounting for the largest proportion (15.19% in warm season and 14.79% in cold season), followed by amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. Energy metabolism-related functions were significantly increased in the cold season (P = 0.0075) compared with the warm season, and the corresponding glucose biosynthesis and metabolism-related functions were also significantly increased in the cold season (P = 0.0073). In addition, gene families involved in Immune system functions were significantly increased in the cold season compared with the warm season. However, the functions related to Membrane transport and Environmental adaptation were significantly reduced in the cold season. Among the 13 significantly different COG gene families, the functions related to Carbohydrate transport and metabolism were significantly decreased in the cold season (P = 0.0022), while Energy production and conversion was significantly increased in the cold season (P = 0.0002). This was consistent with the KEGG pathway analysis.
mRNA Expression Levels in the Rumen Epithelium
As shown in Figure 5, expression of the nutrient absorption-related gene SGLT1 in the rumen epithelium during the cold season was 3.2 times lower than that in the warm season and this was a significant difference (P < 0.001). However, expression of the genes related to the rumen epithelial barrier, Claudin-4 and ZO-1, was significantly lower in the cold season than in the warm season (P < 0.001). Moreover, expression of ZO-1 in the rumen epithelium was significantly higher than that of Claudin-4 (P < 0.001).
Interactions Between Expressions of Genes Related to Nutrient Absorption and Barrier Function in the Rumen Epithelium, VFAs, and Rumen Microorganisms
The rumen horizontal microbial community data (relative abundance >0.5%) and the expression of rumen VFAs and rumen epithelial mRNA (2–ΔΔCT) data sets were used to construct a heat map (correlation threshold >0.5) (Figure 6 and Figure S2); Figure 6 is the heat map of all microorganisms with a significant correlation of less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Acetate was clustered with propionate, while the genes SGLT1, Claudin-4, and ZO-1 were clustered together. In the rumen VFAs, only acetate was significantly correlated with genera-level microorganisms (P < 0.05). Of the 35 bacterial genera that were significantly correlated with acetate, 16 were positively correlated and 19 were negatively correlated. Moraxella, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Ruminiclostridium_9 were negatively correlated with acetate in a highly significant way (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.7. Among the three rumen epithelium-related genes, SGLT1 was significantly correlated with 83 bacterial genera (P < 0.05); 46 were positively correlated with SGLT1 and 37 were negatively correlated. Claudin-4 and ZO-1 were significantly correlated with 13 bacterial genera (P < 0.05). For Claudin-4, seven genera were positively correlated with expression of this gene and six were negatively correlated, while five genera were positively correlated with expression of ZO-1 and eight genera were negatively correlated. In addition, 17 bacterial genera showed highly significant correlation with SGLT1 expression (P < 0.001), but of the genera that were significantly correlated with expression of Claudin-4 and/or ZO-1, only Sphaerochaeta showed highly significant correlation with ZO-1 (P < 0.001). From the correlation heat map (Figure 6), it could be concluded that most of the microorganisms that were correlated with acetate showed the opposite correlation with expression of the three rumen epithelial genes. Therefore, the correlation between acetate and expression of SGLT1, Claudin-4, and ZO-1 was further analyzed (Figure 7). There was significant negative correlation between acetate and the three genes (P < 0.05), with correlation coefficients greater than 0.6. In addition, there was significant positive correlation between SGLT1, Claudin-4, and ZO-1 (P < 0.05), and Claudin-4 displayed significant correlation with SGLT1 and ZO-1 at the level of P < 0.01, with correlation coefficients of 0.833 and 0.879, respectively.
Figure 7. Correlation between genes. ∗ At the 0.05 level (two-tailed), the correlation is significant; ∗∗ At the 0.01 level (two-tailed), the correlation is significant.
Tibetan sheep are a ruminant of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and can survive in the harsh environment and maintain their population through reproduction, which has a certain relationship with the host genome (Wei et al., 2016). However, there is also an association with the microbiome, known as the “second genome” (Zhang et al., 2016), and this may be an important adaptive mechanism (Sun et al., 2016). Studies have reported that more than 75% of VFAs are absorbed by the rumen epithelium and form the main source of energy for ruminants (Baldwin, 1998; Russell and Rychlik, 2001). In this study, the total VFA in the cold season was significantly higher than that in the warm season (P < 0.05), which may be caused by Tibetan sheep showing high VFA in order to adapt to the nutrient deficiency in the cold season and provide energy source for the body. The concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in rumen of Tibetan sheep in the cold season were significantly higher than those in the warm season (P < 0.05), the difference of other VFAs was not significant. Polyorach et al. (2014) found that high levels of nutrition and diet intake can reduce the concentration of acetate, significantly increase the proportion of propionate, which significantly reduces the A:P ratio (Polyorach et al., 2014). Because the warm season forage is more abundant than the cold season, the Tibetan sheep in this study eat a large amount of high-nutrient forage in the warm season, resulting in a significantly lower acetate content than the cold season, which is consistent with the results of Polyorach et al. (2014). However, the propionate concentration was significantly higher in the cold season than in the warm season, but the ratio of A:P was significantly lower in the warm season than in the cold season. From the perspective of energy utilization, the lower the A:P ratio, the higher the energy efficiency of the feed. In this study, the A:P ratio of grazing Tibetan sheep in both the cold and warm seasons was lower than that of drylot-feeding Tibetan sheep (C:F = 0:100 (concentrate to forage ratio), A:P = 6.38) (Liu et al., 2019), indicating that grazing Tibetan sheep are able to use the higher energy efficiency of their pastures. In summary, Tibetan sheep evolved a strong energy adaptation mechanism to cope with nutrient deficiency in the cold season. It has been reported that there is correlation between VFAs and rumen microorganisms (Lin et al., 2019). Sequencing the microorganisms in the rumen of grazing Tibetan sheep during the cold and warm seasons revealed that there was a significant difference in rumen microbial diversity between the two seasons, and that microbial species abundance in the cold season was significantly higher than that in the warm season (P < 0.05). Further analysis using PCoA and Anosim showed that there was a significant difference between the cold and warm seasons, and the difference between the seasonal groups was significantly greater than that within the groups (P < 0.05). This may be due to the lack of food in the cold season, leading to a large difference in the acquisition of food resources (Sun et al., 2016), as seen in previous studies (Zeng et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017; Xue et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2019).
In this study, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant at the phylum level. Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the cold season (q = 0.0153), while Firmicutes were significantly reduced in the cold season (q = 0.0063). The main function of members of the phylum Bacteroides in the host is to degrade carbohydrates and proteins (Fernando et al., 2010; Jami et al., 2014; Nuriel-Ohayon et al., 2016). Firmicutes carry many genes encoding enzymes related to energy metabolism, which can produce many digestive enzymes to break down various substances, thereby helping the host to digest and absorb nutrients (Kaakoush, 2015). Consequently, a high ratio of F/B (Firmicutes/Bacteroides) can help the host effectively absorb energy-related substances and maintain the metabolic balance in low-temperature environments (Ley et al., 2006; Fernando et al., 2010; Murphy et al., 2010). In this study, the F/B ratio of the Tibetan sheep in the cold season was lower than that in the warm season, and this may be related to the lack of nutrients in the cold season, resulting in insufficient energy. However, the F/B value of grazing Tibetan sheep in the cold season (0.47) was higher than that of drylot-feeding Tibetan sheep (Liu et al., 2019) (C:F = 0:100, F/B = 0.27), indicating that grazing Tibetan sheep have adapted to the harsh environment of the cold season on the Plateau. Patescibacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria formed the second group of dominant bacterial phyla. Studies have shown that Proteobacteria is related to energy accumulation (Bryant and Small, 1956; Koren et al., 2012; Amato et al., 2014; Chevalier et al., 2015). The abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in the cold season than in the warm season, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). This trend was consistent with the results of Sun et al. (2016) who found that the abundance of Proteobacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in spring. Therefore, we infer that grazing Tibetan sheep require increased energy accumulation in order to adapt to the harsh environment of the cold season.
At the genus level, Prevotella_1 and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant genera in the rumen of Tibetan sheep. The abundance of Prevotella_1 was lower in the cold season than in the warm season, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella_1 is related to changes in diet and nutrition; for example, a reduction in the amount of protein and starch can lead to a decrease in the abundance of Prevotella_1 (Stevenson and Weimer, 2007). In addition, the genus Prevotella_1 is considered to be related to the production of propionic acid (Strobel, 1992). A reduction in the C:F ratio will lead to a decrease in the abundance of Prevotella_1, thereby reducing the propionic acid content. Members of the genus Succiniclasticum can convert succinic acid into propionic acid, and, the content of Succiniclasticum in the cold season in this study was significantly lower than that in the warm season. In addition, the concentration of propionic acid in the cold season was significantly lower than that in the warm season (P < 0.05), which corresponds to the decrease in abundance of Prevotella_1. The reason for this phenomenon is the lack of nutrients in the cold season. The relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_ RC9_gut_group bacteria increased significantly in the cold season (q < 0.05) compared with the abundance in the warm season. Although the specific function of Rikenellaceae RC9 is unknown, some studies have suggested that Rikenellaceae RC9 bacteria are closely related to members of the genus Alistipes (Seshadri et al., 2018). Rikenellaceae may therefore play a role in degrading plant-derived polysaccharides like Alistipes (He et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2015). Based on this, it is speculated that the cellulose content of forage grasses increased in the cold season (the dry season) and the grazing Tibetan sheep exhibited an ultra-high degradation capacity for cellulosic polysaccharides, which allowed them to better adapt to cold season nutritional stress and the cold climate. Many cellulolytic bacterial genera showing seasonal variations were also identified in the rumen microbiota, such as Ruminococcus_2, Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio_2, Treponema_2, and Pseudobutyrivibrio (Yang et al., 2010; Leng et al., 2011; Xue et al., 2016). Cellulolytic bacteria are an important class of bacteria that degrade cellulose in the rumen and consequently play a key role in the production of VFAs (Tajima et al., 2001; Abdul Rahman et al., 2016). Among these cellulolytic genera, Ruminococcus_2 increased significantly in the cold season compared to the warm season (P < 0.05) and Fibrobacter also showed an increase in abundance in the cold season, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). This indicated that Tibetan sheep could degrade cellulose more effectively in the cold season, generating a large amount of VFAs. The genera Butyrivibrio_2, Treponema_2, and Pseudobutyrivibrio showed a significant decrease in relative abundance in the cold season compared to the warm season, which may be related to the production of low amounts of methane. Studies have reported that the number of Vibrio butyrivibrio (Butyrivibrio) is positively related to the number of methanogenic bacteria (Xue et al., 2016).
PICRUSt software was used to predict the gene function of the rumen microorganisms and revealed that there were significant differences in the gene function of microorganisms between the cold and warm seasons. KEGG gene family predictions showed that there were significant increases in functions related to energy metabolism in the cold season compared with the warm season. COG gene family predictions revealed that the function of energy production and conversion was also significantly increased in the cold season (P = 0.0002). Increases in these functions in Tibetan sheep may meet the energy metabolism needs of the sheep in the cold season. Genes with functions related to sugar biosynthesis and metabolism also showed a significant increase in the cold season (P = 0.0073). This was consistent with the results of Sun et al. (2016) and is conducive to the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose. Therefore, the intestinal microbiota pattern found in Tibetan sheep in the cold season may improve the efficiency of food metabolism in the sheep during this season, helping them effectively deal with the harsh environment of the Plateau cold season.
The rumen epithelium is a unique location for host-microorganism interactions, and these interactions can affect the net utilization of nutrients throughout the host. Consequently, significant correlation exists between host genes and the microbiome (Lin et al., 2019). Therefore, expression of genes related to rumen epithelial nutrient absorption and barrier function were analyzed to obtain differential expression characteristics of rumen epithelium genes in cold and warm seasons. Studies have shown that nutrients are not only absorbed by the rumen epithelium in the form of VFAs, but some glucose is directly absorbed by SGLT1 (Aschenbach et al., 2000a, 2002). In addition, studies have shown that the relative energy value ratio of ruminant glucose to VFAs in monogastric species is much higher because ruminants rely almost entirely on gluconeogenesis to meet their glucose needs (Reynolds et al., 1994). Direct absorption of glucose through SGLT1 will reduce metabolic expenditure of gluconeogenesis in animals (Aschenbach et al., 2000b). Therefore, we speculate that expression of SGLT1 in the rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep during the cold season is a specific adaptive mechanism evolved in response to the lack of energy in the cold season. In this study, expression of SGLT1 in the rumen epithelium in the cold season was significantly lower than that in the warm season (P < 0.05). This phenomenon may help prevent acidosis when the warm season pastures are adequate. Studies have shown that when the glucose concentration is increased in the rumen, SGLT1 will be overexpressed in the rumen epithelial tissue to prevent or alleviate rumen acidosis (Aschenbach et al., 2002). Expression levels of rumen epithelial barrier genes Claudin-4 and ZO-1 are significantly lower in the cold season than in the warm season (P < 0.05). Some studies have shown that when the feed intake of ruminants decreases, permeability of the gastrointestinal tract barrier increases (Zhang et al., 2013a, b; Pederzolli et al., 2018). Claudin-4 and ZO-1, as the main components of the rumen epithelial barrier, control the permeability of this barrier, thereby regulating the absorption of nutrients and preventing entry of harmful substances (Zhang et al., 2018; Aschenbach et al., 2019). In this study, the reduction in feed intake during the cold season resulted in decreased expression of barrier-related genes. In addition, a previous study found that a reduction in feed intake resulted in reduced absorption of VFAs and an increase in the permeability of the rumen epithelium to glucose (Gäbel et al., 2002). The results of our study were consistent with this.
In summary, we evaluated the correlation between rumen microorganisms (genera-level), VFAs and rumen epithelial mRNA expression. A number of bacteria present in the rumen of Tibetan sheep significantly correlated with the rumen fermentation product acetate (P < 0.05) and with the rumen epithelial gene SGLT1 and barrier-related genes (Claudin-4, ZO-1) (P < 0.05). Microorganisms in the rumen ferment chyme into VFAs, which are mainly absorbed by the rumen epithelial barrier, and some unfermented glucose is directly absorbed through the rumen epithelium into the blood by SGLT1 (Figure 8). This process indicates that there is a direct relationship between rumen microorganisms, VFAs, and host genes. Recent studies have identified specific correlation between microbe-host genes in the intestines of sheep and wild mice (Li et al., 2018; Suzuki et al., 2019), and there are similar findings in human studies (Ma et al., 2014; Blekhman et al., 2015). Our study used VFAs as intermediate products to analyze correlation between rumen microbes, rumen VFAs and host gene expression in the rumen epithelium. The identified correlation can explain the specific adaptability of Tibetan sheep to the cold season of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and provides new insights for future research into the specific regulatory mechanisms of this adaptation.
Figure 8. Model of mechanisms for generation and partial absorption of VFAs in Tibetan sheep. Microorganisms in blue and red lettering act on the pathways marked by blue and red arrows, respectively.
Data Availability Statement
The sequencing data were deposited into the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of NCBI (Accession Nos. SRR12719079–SRR12719088).
The animal study was reviewed and approved by Livestock Care Committee of Gansu Agricultural University (Approval No. GAU-LC-2020-27). Written informed consent was obtained from the owners for the participation of their animals in this study.
XL, JH, and YL designed the study. YS, RD, WZ, WL, HW, and HS performed the experiments and collected the samples. YS, JW, and SL analyzed the data. XL and YS wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We thank for the financial support: Science and Technology Innovation Funds of Gansu Agricultural University, Special Funds for Discipline Construction (GSAU-XKJS-2018-027).
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.593062/full#supplementary-material
Supplementary Data Sheet 1 | Differential species analysis; ANOVA analysis of variance.
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Keywords: cold season, nutritional stress, rumen microorganisms, volatile fatty acids, Tibetan sheep
Citation: Liu X, Sha Y, Dingkao R, Zhang W, Lv W, Wei H, Shi H, Hu J, Wang J, Li S, Hao Z and Luo Y (2020) Interactions Between Rumen Microbes, VFAs, and Host Genes Regulate Nutrient Absorption and Epithelial Barrier Function During Cold Season Nutritional Stress in Tibetan Sheep. Front. Microbiol. 11:593062. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593062
Received: 10 August 2020; Accepted: 16 October 2020;
Published: 05 November 2020.
Edited by:Spyridon Ntougias, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Reviewed by:Svetlana Kišidayová, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Slovakia
Anusorn Cherdthong, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Copyright © 2020 Liu, Sha, Dingkao, Zhang, Lv, Wei, Shi, Hu, Wang, Li, Hao and Luo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. | <urn:uuid:74e7ab6c-bb60-47cb-87f3-e1895afd4cd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.593062/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.889757 | 13,767 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Researcher and Co-founder of ML Analytics, (Portuguese machine learning, data and artificial intelligence (AI) consultant), Luis Simões, won the Ariel Machine Learning Data Challenge Contest, which aims to develop “high precision AI techniques for the characterization of planets in orbit of other stars, such as those that will be studied by the mission that the European Space Agency – ESA will launch in 2029 in the Ariel Mission”, said the consultant in a statement.
The award won by Luis Simões, recognized the algorithm as the best for the Ariel Mission Objectives and which “estimates the dimensions of planets when they transit in front of their stars” and, despite the small “average error of 0.00007”, being considerably lower than the other teams.
“It is a pride for me and for ML Analytics, the company I founded, to bring this award to Portugal. It is the culmination of many years of research to accompany and contribute to the evolution of Artificial Intelligence” I hope this small step to through the Ariel mission, science will lead to a great expansion of human knowledge about the Universe” said Luis Simões
ESA’s Ariel mission will study the atmosphere and chemistry of a thousand exoplanets. “At this distance, one of the main issues that arises is the distinction between planet, star and instrument”, explains the consultant ML Analytics in a statement.
See the Welcome Video of Ariel where explains what are they doing. | <urn:uuid:ffa3bd03-7de5-4e4b-83ac-5ef2a0843527> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inlovewithportugal.com/2021/08/21/luis-simoes-wins-european-space-agency-award-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.922611 | 312 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Watch the video of your teacher reading the next part of Skyhawk. You can also pause the video and read the text yourself. The questions are at the end of the video for you to answer. The answers for your reading are here on the blog.
L) Page 1- What was Callum’s excuse for being late?
I)Page 9- What does Callum think the secret is?
V)Page 4- What does zigzagged mean?
E) Page 2- Why does mum suggest that Callum avoids his older brother(Graham)?
GD) Why do you think Callum did not tell the truth about why he was late and where he was going the following day?
Today we are writing a character description of your chosen creature from Pandora and your vocabulary planning from yesterday.
Watch the video by your teacher to help you with your writing.
This week in Maths we are revising the 4 operations.
EXS – division method. You MUST show your method on Seesaw.
GD – You will be solving a number problems this week. Today’s investigation is similar to yesterday’s challenge. All the instructions are on the sheet for today.
Foundation – Science
As we learnt about yesterday in our History lesson, Charles Darwin travelled around the world studying nature. One of his most famous discoveries was about the finches on the Galapagos Islands. Today your Science task is based on Darwin’s own research about birds.
Watch the video by your teacher which talks about Darwin’s discoveries and what your task is for today. An example of how to present your work is also on the video. | <urn:uuid:ee3f044d-5fd7-47e2-9fee-c512fc072c8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawfordmead.essex.sch.uk/blogs/year6/2021/02/24/thursdays-learning-25-2-21/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959885 | 370 | 3.46875 | 3 |
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Tutoring and other learning assistance available at LBCC: https://www.lbcc.edu/tutoring-and-academic-resources
For more information about careers and programs related to finance, visit the Career Coach website, where you can take an evaluation of your personal interests and get recommendations for an educational pathway aligned with them.
Consumer finance tools and information from the United States Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/
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For more information about the GED: https://ged.com/
FAQs about the GED: https://ged.com/faq/
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FAQs about the ATI TEAS: https://atinursingblog.com/10-frequently-asked-questions-ati-teas-exam/
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- Student Equity Programs, and much more | <urn:uuid:0d49de0f-2f93-40f3-9ca0-bb0055a50dbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lbcc.edu/pod/lar-program-resources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.858814 | 377 | 1.664063 | 2 |
“World as it is, /what’s strong and separate falters. All I do/at piling stone on stone apart from you/is roofless around nothing. Till we kiss/I am no more than upright and unset.”—from “Most Like an Arch This Marriage” by John Ciardi
The Rhode Island Senate is debating marriage equality, and this week the Supreme Court takes up Proposition 8 (California’s same-sex marriage ban), and DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act). In a groundswell, a number of large U.S. companies have stepped forward to push for marriage equality, as have many politicians (including Republicans), and a number of prominent sports figures. Scott Fujita, linebacker for the Cleveland Browns, wrote a moving and eloquent piece in today’s paper in support of gay marriage. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/24/sports/football/scott-fujita-acceptance-by-example-in-locker-room-and-at-home.html?smid=pl-share
As Frank Bruni says, also in today’s New York Times, the question now is not “if” but simply “when” same-sex marriage will pass into Federal law, providing all of us with the same civil rights.
This will make a big difference to Cherisse and me of course. Not only will it result in shared benefits, but it also will bring legal acknowledgement that our 28 years together count as much as anyone else’s marriage. I admire and am grateful to all of the brave people who fought to get us to this foregone conclusion. Cherisse and I waited until two years ago—when “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” was repealed—to marry, in a quiet ceremony outside on a snowy January day.
The justice of the peace who officiated read the vows we’d written, including the John Ciardi poem quoted above. The poem exemplified—beautifully and concisely—what we mean to each other: “Most like an arch—two weaknesses that lean/into a strength. Two fallings become firm.” My parents gave me the foundation to become the person I am, but Cherisse provides me with the strength to navigate life. We don’t need anyone to tell us who we are, but we do need public affirmation to gain equal rights—recognized by a hospital, in case one of us gets sick, or by the government in paying benefits accorded to any straight married couple. Now, as more and more people stand together, we are finally so close.
You can find John Ciardi’s poem “Most Like an Arch” here: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/176395 | <urn:uuid:8a57ef0d-1ab1-4cfb-9949-92ed8ec225ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maggiesfarmnet.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/together-we-stand/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945856 | 598 | 2.0625 | 2 |
MIT research has used an AI model trained on cough sounds to detect an early stage COVID cough.
Identifies Cough Pattern
Those who catch COVID-19 but remain largely or completely asymptomatic (and therefore do not get a test) are proving to be a challenge in stopping the spread of the virus. With this in mind, researchers have used the knowledge that coughs can be used to help identify multiple conditions to develop an AI model that can identify the individual pattern of a COVID-19 cough and thereby, aid diagnosis.
The nature and different sounds of coughs have long been used to help give information about many different conditions. Also, recently, research published in the Lancet, which also named one of the AI COVID cough researchers as a contributor (Mar Santamaria), used automated (AI) linguistic analysis to predict future onset of Alzheimer’s.
The research to identify the pattern of COVID-19 used forced-cough cell phone recordings of more than 4000 subjects to create a huge cough dataset. This dataset was then used to train an AI/machine learning model which used an adapted AI speech processing framework that could make acoustic biomarkers, thereby enabling it to tell the difference between coughs.
Amazingly, when the AI model’s results were then validated with an official COVID-19 test, the model achieved COVID-19 sensitivity of 98.5 per cent with a specificity of 94.2 and for asymptomatic subjects, the sensitivity was 100 per cent with a specificity of 83.2 per cent. This research appears to show, therefore, that it is possible for AI to pick out a COVID-19 cough from other types of cough and that, as concluded by the researchers, “AI techniques can produce a free, non-invasive, real-time, any-time, instantly distributable, large-scale COVID-19 asymptomatic screening tool to augment current approaches in containing the spread of COVID-19”.
It is understood that the research team are now working with hospitals to create an even more diverse cough dataset with plans to create an app-based diagnostic tool.
What Does This Mean For Your Business?
This shows how AI technology can be used to create unique diagnostic tools that could have a huge positive impact in tackling difficult world challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and how to test and screen accurately and easily. The researchers see this tool as having value in daily the screening of students, workers, and public as a way (after lockdowns) of helping businesses and transport systems to open and operate while helping to quickly (in real-time) and easily and in a non-invasive way, spot spreaders and thereby potentially help economies and countries get back in control. | <urn:uuid:0474c072-c65c-4880-aace-e8bb5e8ea015> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mklink.co.uk/news/ai-covid-cough-detector/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943334 | 582 | 3.40625 | 3 |
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