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Ontario Expanding Access to Student Mental Health Supports
Investments Will Help Set Up Students for Success
TORONTO — The Ontario government is continuing to support students with expanded access to targeted mental health and well-being programs and services within local communities. Over the past two school years, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on children and students across the world, including right here in Ontario. These investments reinforce the government’s commitment to ensuring every student in the province can reach their full potential, and they build on historic funding announced in February to overcome the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic.
“We recognize that more than ever before, many students face mental health challenges, and we want them to know help is here,” said Stephen Lecce, Minister of Education. “While our government increased school mental health funding to the highest levels, we are going further by supporting community partners to expand critical mental health resources, initiatives to reduce drug use and supports that will keep students safe on the road and in the classroom.” | <urn:uuid:55428356-3868-4762-9bd1-d1db26c88b2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://campusmentalhealth.ca/news/ontario-expanding-access-to-student-mental-health-supports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.968042 | 220 | 1.921875 | 2 |
- Date : 05/12/2019
- Read: 3 mins
What if you end up with a fake currency note either from an ATM or during a cash transaction? Well we tell you how you can handle the situation.
Many of us welcomed the recent demonetisation drive and assumed that the problem of FICN or Fake Indian Currency Notes will go away for a good period of time. However, since the new currency notes were not known to everyone, some anti-social elements used high-quality printing machines to print fake notes and circulated them. While the law did catch up with many; the recent case of SBI ATM dispensing fake Rs.2000/- notes showed how vulnerable our system really is.
So, what if you end up with a fake currency note either from an ATM or during a cash transaction? Well we tell you how you can handle the situation.
If you realise you have withdrawn a counterfeit/fake note
- Plan A: Point it towards the security camera.
- Plan B: Check with the guard and file a complaint with him.
- Plan C: Go to a branch of the bank whose ATM you have used and show them the printed receipt and tell them about the note. Push them to check CCTV footage of that ATM branch in case they require more proof. Make sure you get an acknowledgment receipt and ask them to file a FIR.
- If the bank finds up to 4 counterfeit notes dispensed to you in 1 transaction, they will impound the notes and stamp them with ‘counterfeit banknote impounded’ and give you an acknowledgement copy
- If, however, 5 or more notes are found in a single transaction, they will inform the nodal office immediately and file a complaint with Police with your details
- You can then take these documents and visit your bank to get the notes replaces.
- Plan D: In case the bank refuses to take any action, contact regional RBI office at the earliest.
- Plan E: If nothing else works, consider going down to a police station and filing an FIR.
In case someone gives you a fake note:
This is the most depressing situation, because no bank will take any responsibility or give you money in return for the fake note. Thus, the only recourse is tp inform the nearest police station or magistrate office on finding a fake note.
IMPORTANT TO NOTE: DO NOT TRY AND re-circulate the fake note, because if you are caught doing so, the repercussions could be huge. Knowingly circulating fake currency notes is a punishable offense under the law.
Issues that may still arise:
- The ATM may refuse to give you a receipt following a bank’s “Go Green” initiative
- You may leave the ATM without realising it’s fake, and later discover that the ATM did not have a CCTV camera
- You may lose the withdrawal receipt
Thus, these are the precautions to take to avoid getting into this situation
- First of all, you should always make sure to print the receipt on withdrawal.
- Make sure your mobile banking is switched on and you receive a message about the withdrawal.
- Check every note that you get from the ATM before leaving the machine to see if it is counterfeit/fake. Here’s a quick guide. | <urn:uuid:d6b06449-557a-46ea-9843-a2d091fe2ebb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tomorrowmakers.com/financial-planning/what-do-do-if-you-find-yourself-fake-cash-article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940438 | 682 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Creativity on the Rise: The Importance of UI/UX Design
UI/UX is the most crucial part of any design. The way your product looks speaks a lot about how the users are going to interact with it.
We are drawn toward things that look pleasing to the eye. May it be a color or an advertisement, in our eyes, it has to pass the subconscious test of approval. We are all up to speed with how technology has overshadowed the world and how rapidly modes of communication are changing because of it.
Now to effectively market your product, you cannot simply rely on one thing; you need to have other things marked on the list, including user interface and user experience.
User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design benefit your business in more ways than one. If you are running an eCommerce business, you might already know how UX design for eCommerce affects user engagement.
Your website is the online representative of your brand, making sure it is well-designed should be a priority. A positive user experience will lead to more traction, which will ultimately lead to conversions. Let’s take a detailed look at how you can make it a win-win situation for your business!
The Anonymity of UI Appearances
Have you heard the phrase ‘It’s all about appearances!’
Well, it’s true to a large extent, especially in the case of websites and applications.
How a web or mobile app appears, and user interaction is all in the hands of UI. eCommerce UI design must have a seamless appearance and interactivity for it should be well-received.
Each page, screen, and widget you see are all visual elements related to UI. The main focus is on aesthetics and how it interacts with the users. So, it wouldn’t be far-fetched to say that the link between users and the website or app is UI design.
Let’s explain it with an example:
You are filling out a contact form on the website to receive a particular set of services for your business. The UI would consist of the text box you are adding the information to, a drop-down list, a CTA button, and any other feature on the page added to collect information.
UI has three formats:
● Voice Controlled Interfaces (VUIs)
● Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
● Gesture-Based Interfaces
Downplay of UX Experiences
As the name suggests, UX or User Experience is concerned with human emotions, viewpoints, choices, and feelings during and after using an app, website, or software. To make this experience otherworldly, the usability, accessibility, and ease of use need to be improved.
Since we are designing the product for a potential user that we are unaware of, it might be difficult to know what the user feels when they first view the product. This can be achieved by conducting a thorough study on user requirements. The results will lead you to make an effective eCommerce UX design.
UX leads to customer loyalty for a particular brand or product. A meaningful user experience allows you to define customer journeys on your website that are most conducive to business success.
However, UX is different for everyone, so it can be challenging to answer what makes a great user experience. Thus, design your product from the perspective of an unwilling and uninterested user.
A product prototype will allow you to access the firsthand experience of how users react to the product and does it fit the idea the user had in its mind.
Plunging Into the Affluent Depth Of UI/UX Design
We have already established that the user interface and user experience are important components of product design. But what exactly makes them so important? Let’s jump right into the importance of UI/UX design:
Increase the growth of your business
UI/UX plays a vital role in achieving this goal. It greatly influences customer satisfaction and user experience. So ultimately, any improvement in your UI/UX design will lead to greater customer satisfaction.
The traffic you are getting on your product (website/app) correlates to how successful the UI and UX were in getting consumer attention. If you are a start-up or even a VC, UI/UX design will help you make a lasting impression. And we all know that the first impression lasts a lot longer. So, to get that brand recognition, focusing on UI and UX design is a must.
Increase customer satisfaction
We’ve all heard and read the why’s and how’s of customer satisfaction. One thing you need to be clear on is that it is absolutely without a doubt true that your customer can make or break you. The journey from a potential customer to an ultimate buyer all depends on your UI/UX design. You will start appreciating your eCommerce website design’s importance soon enough.
You’ll be able to draw your customer’s attention with just one look, ultimately making them stay on the site. Because it's about the responsiveness of the website as well along with aesthetics.
It’s a 2-step process of making your product look pretty and pleasing and making it workable and responsive to the customer. If you want to see that conversion rate, FOCUS on your UI/UX! There is no other way to achieve the maximum output on the first try.
Create a flawless brand identity
If you were a user, you would want to subscribe to a product that would make you happy. If you are happy working with a brand, you’ll stick to it. So, if you have a happy user, you can create an unshakeable brand identity in the market.
Even a simple logo says a lot about the brand. So, increase your business credibility with the right UI/UX design. It will invite a queue of satisfied customers and then another queue of customers who want to be a part of your brand.
Your business credibility will lead you to create credible, good client relationships. They will only add to the value and name of your brand. So, in the future, even if you want to upgrade your brand features, your customers would be happy to help you improve certain features. Ultimately, you will create the brand that your user wants. So, you have done what other brands didn’t: made it personal for your user.
Cost-efficiency at its peak
A foolproof UI/UX design will reduce your development costs drastically. A simple, spontaneous, and easy-on-the-eye design is beneficial for users and your brand. This will also cut development costs, and save you additional time and effort.
A good investment in your UI/UX before beginning the production will raise minimal chances of the product being rejected by the users. If your product is perfect, it will require far and few upgrades.
FoolProof your App with UI/UX
If somebody asks you what is the most crucial part of developing your product and creating your brand identity? Do not hesitate in talking about UI/UX design!
Since consumers have shifted in the digital space, businesses have been scrambling to make their digital position stronger than ever. A satisfied client will enhance your brand credibility and recognition. This will solidify your reputation in the eCommerce world as well.
For a successful venture, you need:
- Customer loyalty
- Brand recognition
- Business Productivity
- Web traffic
- Conversion rate
- Customer retention
- Return of Investment (ROI)
And how do you achieve the above-mentioned things? The simplest way is to not leave room for error in your design. A good design speaks for itself and for the brand it represents.
See Through The Blurred Lines
Follow the basic steps to start your UI/UX design.
UI Design Elements
A worthy UI design presents a seamless blend of:
The visual design has to have a personalized quality. It must be familiar, easy to use, and satisfying. All the visual elements need to represent harmony and the brand’s true identity and message. It should be elegant without compromising on the integrity, function, or content of the product.
Any action that a button on a website performs, or any element that a user interacts with comes in interactive design. It presents the user interface in such a way to us that we know or can learn how to interact with it. The anticipation of how users will interact with the system speaks about the excellency of the interactive design.
The information users need to complete various tasks is provided via information architecture. It incorporates structuring, labeling, and organizing the web content. All of this is presented in such a manner that makes it sustainable and easily accessible.
The user experience is a little more detailed than the user interface. It comprises:
User profiles and persona
Knowing your audience and developing experiences catering to them is the first and foremost step toward building a credible UX design. Creating a user persona allows you to create a semi-fictional characterization of your ideal user and allows you to do research based on the key components of said profile.
Personas take a lot of time to develop. A useful persona is created very delicately with all the relevant information.
For any type of testing, the more data you have, the better it is. Sometimes even slight changes in the wording of your product can have a lasting impact. You need to be careful about optimizing the data that you are using. You need to make samples based on user reaction and how well received the samples were.
Surveys are a great way of accumulating user opinions. It gives you insight into what would make your design stand out. The best survey conducted will show information based on user interaction. Your questions need to stand out as well and should be well-versed.
User flow diagram
Flowcharts will help you see how a user moves through a system. Here you will get two viewpoints: how you expected the user to move and how the user moved through the site. This will help you better profile your user and allow you to make an optimal plan.
Sitemaps, Wireframes, and Prototypes
A sitemap is an organized hierarchy of all the pages and subpages within your site. Sitemaps help you visualize how the user will move from point A to point B and how much clicks or time will be taken to achieve that.
Wireframes are skeletal guides that represent the visual framework of the site or app. A visual framework allows you to eliminate issues before the user can see them. So your interactive prototype will showcase how the product will look. And you can make adjustments to it as you go.
A consistent design pattern shows symmetry and is appealing to the user. They will also lead you to find the most effective design for your project. UI consistency is maintained by style titles. Style tiles are deliverables that show the design of all modules on a site, down to font sizes and colors. This ensures a smooth experience for the user.
Consistency is the key to achieving the perfect product design. You can only create a memorable user experience with a consistent design through your brand. Style guides will allow the creation of the brand and design-aligned content. | <urn:uuid:e3681ece-7110-49f4-8823-ad12193a893d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://invozone.com/blog/importance-of-ui-ux-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.93821 | 2,361 | 1.90625 | 2 |
1. Tr.v.flout·ed, flout·ing, Flouts 1
2. Tr.v.flout·ed, flout·ing, Flouts 1
3. Flouts is a crossword puzzle clue
4. Flouts is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted 7 times
5. Small Flouts, "FloutHouse" enclosures for internal and external growbed use, and a miniature Flout Sequencer header tank, using Cuebox technology, for the simplest multi-bed CHIFT-PIST* ever! *"Constant height in fish tank, pump in sump tank" >learn more
Flouts, Flouthouse, For, Flout, Fish
6. 3 synonyms of Flouts from the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 11 related words, definitions, and antonyms
7. Flouts: to ignore in a disrespectful manner.
8. Governor McAuliffe’s executive order defies the plain text of the Constitution, Flouts the separation of powers, and has no precedent in the annals of Virginia history.
9. Synonyms for Flouts include defies, contravenes, violates, disobeys, disregards, breaks, infringes, breaches, ignores and scouts
10. Synonyms for Flouts in Free Thesaurus
For, Flouts, Free
11. Surat: Woman biker Flouts traffic rules, arrested after videos go viral Mar 10, 2021, 11:46PM IST Source: TNN & Agencies A social media influencer was arrested by …
12. Iowa state Democrat Flouts House dress code to protest lack of mask rules Celine Castronuovo 2/3/2021 'Ghost Ship' leaseholder is sentenced to 12 …
13. 1 day ago · Arborist society Flouts pandemic restrictions in Lansing The Michigan chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture is ignoring state and local … MSU saxophonist Diego Rivera plumbs the meaning of 'Indigenous' MSU jazzman Diego Rivera doesn’t sing — at least in public — but when his supple saxophone and …
14. Trump Flouts Virus Rules, Warns Of 'New Far-Left Fascism' At Mount Rushmore Event In a speech on the eve of July Fourth, the president denounced protesters …
Flouts, Far, Fascism, Fourth
15. As Trump Flouts Safety Protocols, News Outlets Balk at Close Coverage
16. Trump Flouts coronavirus protocols as security experts warn of need to protect president from a lethal threat.
17. Personality can predict who's a rule follower and who Flouts COVID-19 social distancing guidelines
18. Vivek Oberoi Flouts traffic rules and violates prohibitory orders; Amitabh Bachchan-starrer 'Jhund' in theatres on June 18 'Atrangi Re': Dhanush, Sara Ali …
19. Massive Mystic project Flouts sensible development
20. How A For-Profit University Flouts San Francisco's Land-Use Laws
For, Flouts, Francisco
21. Catholic elites' finery Flouts Pope Francis' call for humility
Finery, Flouts, Francis, For
22. Wyoming’s Only Public Employee Pension System Flouts State Transparency Law Adam Andrzejewski Senior Contributor Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
23. But she did all disdain, And threw them back again; Therefore 'tis flat and plain Phillada Flouts me.
24. APD Flouts Calendar, Extends No Shave November For Charity - Arlington, MA - In November and December, Arlington police raised $6,000 for The Children's Room, which provides grief support groups
25. White House again Flouts public health recommendations during holiday party season
26. Lamb Flouts the System Transcript: Doctor Lamb 's trying to take the city by sponsoring the artsy types here big thinkers, to speak out against Ryan in their work
27. Donald Trump pushes racial division, Flouts virus rules at Mount Rushmore The president zeroed in on the desecration by some protesters of monuments …
28. Mueller’s Investigation Flouts Justice Department Standards By Andrew C
29. Health worker Flouts vaccination rule, inoculates 20 outside designated venue Avaneesh Mishra
30. 4 hours ago · Health worker Flouts vaccination rule, inoculates 20 outside designated venue; Health worker Flouts vaccination rule, inoculates 20 outside designated venue Taking cognizance of the alleged incident, the Barabanki district administration removed the medical officer in-charge of vaccination in the area on Monday.
31. Last Updated: 19th March, 2021 20:25 IST Norwegian PM Flouts COVID-19 Restrictions For Birthday Celebration, Probe Ordered A full-fledged investigation has been initiated into Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg after reports emerged that she violated the country's COVID-19 rules
Flouts, For, Full, Fledged
32. 11 hours ago · Department of Home Affairs Flouts court orders, year after year; Department of Home Affairs Flouts court orders, year after year
33. 19 hours ago · Arborist society Flouts pandemic restrictions in Lansing The Michigan chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture is ignoring state and local … MSU saxophonist Diego Rivera plumbs the meaning of 'Indigenous' MSU jazzman Diego Rivera doesn’t sing — at least in public — but when his supple saxophone and …
› to intentionally disobey a rule or law, or to intentionally avoid behavior that is usual or expected: They think they can flout the law and get away with it. He conducted business in his pajamas to flout convention.
tr.v. flout·ed, flout·ing, flouts 1. To ignore or disregard (a rule or convention, for example) in an open or defiant way: flout a law; behavior that flouted convention. 2. Archaic To express contempt for; mock or jeer at. (when: intr, usually foll by at) to show contempt (for); scoff or jeer (at)
Definition of flout. (Entry 1 of 2) transitive verb. : to treat with contemptuous disregard : scorn flouting the rules. intransitive verb. : to indulge in scornful behavior Ah, you may flout and turn up your faces — Robert Browning.
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word flouts. How to pronounce flouts? How to say flouts in sign language? Governor McAuliffe’s executive order defies the plain text of the Constitution, flouts the separation of powers, and has no precedent in the annals of Virginia history. | <urn:uuid:0c1bbdeb-3ecf-4e26-80fd-dc856280e3aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://useenglishwords.com/flouts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.888706 | 1,524 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The Asian country is making a conscious effort to diversify its agricultural suppliers, which may hurt traditional exporters
China is diversifying its agricultural trading partners and that will force traditional suppliers to employ new tactics, says the United States Department of Agriculture.
“In contrast to the past, when the United States was among just a handful of suppliers, the United States now faces growing international competition in China,” stated the USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service in a recent report.
“This competition will become even more fierce in the future as China widens its import base and domestic food and ag products become more sophisticated.”
Canada is also facing intensified competition in that important market, said Neil Townsend, chief market analyst with FarmLink Marketing Solutions.
“It’s something we should be concerned about,” he said.
He recalls looking in awe at the vegetable oil section of a grocery store during a recent visit to China.
“It’s something to behold. It’s like an entire wall of every oil you’ve ever seen in your entire life,” said Townsend.
Most of the oils contained some sort of front-of-package health claim. If one of those claims suddenly takes hold it can quickly tilt demand away from a product like Canadian canola oil, he said.
According to the USDA, China’s diversification trend began in earnest during the last decade but has really intensified the past couple of years due to the rising middle class and its appetite for an increasingly diverse and affordable diet.
African swine fever, bilateral trade tensions and COVID-19 have reinforced China’s push to diversify its supply chains, stated the USDA.
The Canadian Meat Council agrees with that assessment.
“Over the past two years, China has been diversifying its list of suppliers because of the huge protein deficit caused by African swine fever, which has devastated their pig herds,” the group said in an email.
“The increased buy is to secure supply and manage inflation.”
Unfortunately, Canada’s sales of pork and beef to China were down considerably in 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions.
The USDA said China’s central government committed to “expand diverse import channels” in its 2020 agriculture policy document.
It has used similar language in that same document over the past five years. But this time it did not explicitly mention the One Belt One Road countries.
“This omission may signal a return to a broader approach to diversification,” said the USDA.
China’s General Administration of Customs has approved at least 100 new agricultural products from various countries in 2019 and 2020.
Bilateral agreements with countries like Australia, Peru and Chile have facilitated some of the new approvals.
China is now importing beef from Argentina, chicken from Brazil, wheat from France and corn from Ukraine.
That is causing increased competition for traditional exporters like the U.S. and Canada.
“In order to do business in this competitive landscape, U.S. exporters should consider taking steps to differentiate their products from the mainstream,” said the USDA.
It suggests that exporters should focus on the superior quality, safety and sustainability of U.S. products.
“As local consumers are increasingly focused on health and nutrition, they are willing to pay more for agricultural products featuring these characteristics,” said the USDA.
Townsend said that may work for products like beef and pork but he doesn’t think it will have much impact with grains, oilseeds and pulses.
“Brand Canada doesn’t seem to be the force that it was 20 or 30 years ago,” he said.
Townsend thinks Canada is missing that “one voice” like the Canadian Wheat Board to promote Canadian crops abroad.
He also noted that institutions like the Canadian Grain Commission are under attack by grain companies who want the CGC to stop being a service provider.
“Everybody is trying to weaken the CGC,” he said.
Townsend believes that will further erode Canada’s reputation as a provider of quality grain products.
Grain Growers of Canada was contacted for this article but did not respond. | <urn:uuid:b5cc3010-b68f-4d12-a8b7-71deebdc3267> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foodindustrynetwork.com/competition-grows-for-chinas-food-imports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.959665 | 886 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Education – Workgroup 4
The unusual nature of harbours and ports—as a setting for high levels of human activity, such as shipping, industry, tourism, fishing and sometimes recreation—can complicate management efforts. Worldwide there is a movement towards sustainable development of urbanised systems, both on land and in the ocean. For this to be effective, managers must take in to account the biological, physical, social and economic resources contained within harbours.
Management teams must possess a broad range of skills to meet this challenge and the WHP aims to contribute to the pool of knowledge and the development of young people to address the growing problems faced in managing these complex systems.
The WHP, through its USA partners, has strong links to the New York Harbour High School’s Billion Oyster project (1) and the US-Australia Virtual Environmental Partnership (2).
Furthermore, the New York University, Abu Dhabi, has state of the art infrastructure for online and remote learning through its Marine Biology Lab (3). The WHP also has a strong foundation in postgraduate teaching opportunities via its Spanish partner ‘Campus do Mar’ in Vigo, an International Campus of Excellence in marine science (4).
The aim is to strengthen these links with further partnerships in urban coastal stewardship to train young scientists and reach out to harbour users, both public and private.
For more information on this workgroup
Education programme: establish an Education Working Group with an Education Representative from each partner city
As a starting point, the Education Representative will gather information on all the courses offered in English that would be relevant to the topics involved in the World Harbour Project.
This would enable the Working Group to assess if courses are already offered, whether the courses have online content, or focused field classes, and then identify gaps that might be filled by the WHP team. The aim is to draft an Education Plan by mid to late 2015 to be implemented in 2016. The primary goal will be to institute broadly taught graduate courses and build on the New York initiative—habitat restoration harnessing the power of filter-feeding oysters.
Outreach programme: public education and dissemination of local information about harbours
The WHP is currently working on a special issue of the journal Regional Studies in Marine Science. Each partner is producing a short review of their harbour, describing its bio-geo-physical setting and outlining its opportunities and problems. One page fact sheets for each harbour will be derived from these reviews and used in public science communication. In addition, each group will produce a short three minute video presentation which we will post on Facebook, Twitter and the WHP website.
As with all WHP work, all partners have full access to the pool of knowledge and resources to use for education, outreach and to inform managers and researchers about the work being accomplished. Conference presentations and open forums are also planned for the future. | <urn:uuid:8387d93d-e7b0-49dd-ad6a-60664d970908> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.worldharbourproject.org/workgroups/education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937306 | 588 | 2.625 | 3 |
What is the job of an ornithologist?
They study birds in their natural habitats or in the laboratory. They also may write research reports and proposals for grants, teach classes, present research to the public, and have administrative duties related to these activities. Some ornithologists, like Amanda, do all these tasks.
What are jobs that study birds?
An ornithologist is a scientist and researcher who studies birds and their behavior patterns. Ornithologists may spend extended periods surveying birds’ activities and reporting them in scholarly journals.
How do I get a job in ornithology?
- Step 1: Earn a Bachelor’s Degree in Zoology or Wildlife Biology.
- Step 2: Find Employment in the Field with an Undergraduate Degree.
- Step 3: Complete a Master’s or PhD Program with an Emphasis in Ornithology.
- Step 4: Find Employment in the Field with a Graduate Degree.
What is the salary of ornithologist?
Pay Scale/Salary of Ornithologist
|Job Role||Starting Pay Scale||High-Level Pay Scale|
|Bird Biologist||Rs 3.00 Lakhs p.a||Rs 5.00 Lakhs p.a|
|Ecologist||Rs 3.20 Lakhs p.a||Rs 5.50 Lakhs p.a|
|Nature Educator||Rs 3.00 Lakhs p.a||Rs 6.00 Lakhs p.a|
|Bird Conservationist||Rs 2.80 Lakhs p.a||Rs 4.80 Lakhs p.a|
Is bird watching a job?
Bird watching is a common and popular hobby, but what many people don’t know is the fact that it can be a career, as well. With the right equipment and education, it is possible to go from simple bird watching to an exciting career in ornithology.
Is 60k a year good?
$60,000 per year is a really good salary to live comfortably on. However, everyone’s situation and finances are different.
What is the study of bird called?
Ornithology, a branch of zoology dealing with the study of birds.
Is there a job description for an ornithologist?
An ornithologist studies birds, but there is no clear job description for the profession of ornithology. Many ornithologists do not work exclusively with birds.
How is ornithology different from other branch of Zoology?
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds.
What is the purpose of the American Ornithologists Union?
The American Ornithologists’ Union ( http://www.aou.org/) is a well-established organization that aims to increase our understanding of birds, advance the profession, and develop science-based methods of bird conservation. It publishes journals and books, holds meetings, and awards grants.
Who is considered to be the founder of ornithology?
Willughby’s Ornithologiae libri tres (1676) completed by John Ray is sometimes considered to mark the beginning of scientific ornithology. Ray also worked on Ornithologia, which was published posthumously in 1713 as Synopsis methodica avium et piscium. | <urn:uuid:787c875a-7017-4ee4-8ede-93e96550876a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://corporatetaxratenow.com/what-is-the-job-of-an-ornithologist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91493 | 729 | 3.015625 | 3 |
10 February 2021
The Irish diplomat who was
at the centre of an early
anti-Semitic crisis in Athens
Next month marks the 200th anniversary of the beginning of the Greek War of Independence on 25 March 1821. To mark that bicentennial, I have been working this week on a magazine feature on some of the Irish Philhellenes who were involved in the struggle in Greece and in Greek politics and public life later in the 19th century.
One of those Irish public figures in Greek life was the diplomat Sir Thomas Wyse (1791-1862) from Waterford, who played a key role in the decades immediately after Greek independence.
Wyse was born in Waterford in 1791, the eldest son of Thomas Wyse of the Manor of St John, and was educated at Stonyhurst and Trinity College Dublin. He first visited Athens, the Greek islands and Constantinople 1818, three years before the Greek War of Independence began.
Wyse had an unhappy marriage to Napoleon’s niece, Princess Letizia Bonaparte (1804-1871). Back in Waterford, he became chairman of the Co Waterford election committee for Henry Villiers Stuart of Dromana, and 1826 general election he presided over Villiers Stuart’s successful campaign in 1826. During his time as the Whig MP for Tipperary (1830-1832) and Waterford City (1835-1841, 1842-1847), he served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury (1839-1841), and Secretary to the Board of Control (1846-1849), and he was involved in commissioning AWN Pugin to build the new Houses of Parliament in London. Wyse had erlier also commissioned Pugin to redesign Manor Saint John for the Wyse family ca 1842
Wyse returned to Athens in 1849 as the British minister or ambassador, in succession to Sir Edmund Lyons. The appointment may have been engineered by his estranged wife, Princess Letizia, who had influence with the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston.
In Athens, Wyse soon found himself at the centre of the ‘Don Pacifico Affair,’ one of the most famous incidents of anti-Semitism in Britain or Greece in the 19th century.
David Pacifico, known as Don Pacifico (1784-1854), was a Portuguese merchant and diplomat. He was considered a British subject by birth and he was the central figure in 1850 in what became known in Greek history known as the ‘Don Pacifico Affair.’
Pacifico was a Sephardic Jew of Italian descent. His grandfather, also David Pacifico, was born in Italy. His family had been expelled from Spain with the rest of the Jews in 1492. His ancestors reached Italy, particularly Tuscany, first Leghorn and then Florence. David Pacfico, the grandfather, eventually settled in Gibraltar, and worked in Portugal.
The elder David Pacifico was the father of Asser Pacifico, who married Bella Rieti – the daughter of Moses Rieti and the descendant of a Venetian Jewish family – in Bevis Marks Synagogue in London in 1761.
David Pacifico was born in 1784, but gave varying accounts of his place of birth, suggesting he was born in Oran in north-west Algeria, then a Spanish possession, or in Gibraltar, by then a British possession. He claimed to be a both a Spanish subject and a British subject at different times.
Because of his family’s work in Portugal, David Pacifico grew up in Portugal, speaking fluent Portuguese. This led to the myth that the Pacifico family was of Portuguese descent, although the family was actually of Spanish descent.
David Pacifico entered business at Lagos in Portugal in 1812. However, as a liberal living in Portugal during the Civil War in 1828-1834, he was persecuted by the supporters of Don Miguelists and his property was confiscated. He was rewarded by the victorious liberals in 1835 when they appointed him the Portuguese Consul in Morocco and granted him Portuguese citizenship.
He was Portugal’s consul-general in Athens from 1837 to 1842, and became a prominent member of the local Jewish community.
However, his reputation was tarnished after allegations of abuses of power came to light and he was dismissed as consul on 4 January 1842. Despite this, when his time as consul in Athens came to an end, Pacifico stayed on in Greece.
Five years later, the German Jewish financier and banker, Amschel Mayer de Rothschild (1773-1855), visited Athens in April 1847. In deference to Rothschild, the Greek Prime Minister, Ioannis Coletti (1773-1847), banned the traditional burning of an effigy of Judas Iscariot during Greek Orthodox Easter celebrations, often seen by as an anti-Semitic element in the Greek Easter traditions.
This political manoeuvre was not popular with people in Athens. A riot ensured, and – as the police looked on – an angry mob ransacked and looted Don Pacifico’s house, beating him and his family.
Pacifico sought help from the British legation in Athens, claiming £32,000 in compensation from the Greek government for damage to property, plus 10% interest and £500 for physical violence.
Pacifico demanded compensation totalling 800,000 drachmas, then the equivalent of £26,618. The Greek government refused to consider his claims and even confiscated Pacifico’s real estate. Pacifico appealed to Britain for help from Britain, claiming British nationality because he was born in Gibraltar. Pacifico’s claims were supported by the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, but the case dragged on until 1850.
Shortly after Wyse’s arrival in Athens, Palmerston sent the Mediterranean fleet under the command of Sir William Parker to blockade the port of Piraeus in January 1850. Wyse had tried to persuade Otho and his government to agree to amicable arbitration, but when this failed Palmerston ordered Wyse to issue an ultimatum, declaring that should an ultimatum proved unsuccessful he was to go on board the admiral’s ship and to prepare for armed conflict.
The British naval blockade to seize Greek ships and property equal to the amount of Pacifico’s claims. The blockade lasted two months and caused a rift with France and Russia, who shared a protectorate of Greece and did not support Britain’s intervention. Queen Victoria also criticised Palmerston for ending 14 British ships, 731 guns and 8,000 sailors to Greece, all for the sake of one ‘foreigner.’
The incident was important at the time because Palmerston had to defend himself for supporting the lawsuit of a Jew. Palmerston replied that it was not right that because ‘a man is of Jewish persuasion’ he should be outraged.
In a speech to Parliament that lasted almost five hours on 25 June 1850, Palmerston defended his actions, famously declaring, ‘As the Roman in days of old, held himself free from indignity, when he could say, Civis Romanus sum, so also a British subject, in whatever land he may be, shall feel confident that the watchful eye and the strong arm of England will protect him from injustice and wrong.’
The Greeks ultimately agreed to pay nominal reparations totalling 120,000 drachmas and £500. Palmerston’s ‘gunboat diplomacy’ was seen as a victory for British foreign policy. Palmerston’s popularity soared, and he became prime minister five years later.
Pacifico retired to London and died there on 12 April 1854.
As for Wyse, he was involved in engineering a joint occupation of Piraeus by Britain and France during the Crimean war. His efforts to secure Greek neutrality during the Crimean War (1854-1856) were recognised when he was knighted in 1857.
Wyse remained the British Minister in Athens, and devoted the rest of his life to helping Greek artistic, literary and educational projects. He died in office of heart failure on 15 April 1862 and was given a state funeral in Athens on the orders of the King of Greece. As the cortege passed through the city, King Otho and Queen Amalia stood in silence on the palace balcony.
Wyse left his Waterford estates to his niece Winifrede Mary Wyse. She had never married but accompanied her uncle in his travels throughout his adopted country. After his death, she edited his An Excursion in the Peloponneses in the Year 1858 (1865) and Impressions of Greece ... and Letters to Friends at Home (1871). Following a legal challenge, however, the estates reverted to his estranged son and heir-at-law, Napoleon Alfred Bonaparte-Wyse (1822-1895).
His second son, William Charles William Charles Bonaparte-Wyse (1826-1892) was the leader of the revival of the Provencal language and earned a reputation for as a Provencal poet. He bought the Manor from his brother rather than see it leave the Wyse family. He died in Cannes and is buried there. | <urn:uuid:7d32a168-2997-4add-988f-ac5646c740b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.patrickcomerford.com/2021/02/the-irish-diplomat-who-was-at-centre-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.979127 | 1,941 | 2.921875 | 3 |
|Secondary shorebased occupation|
|Associated with ship(s)||Adventure of Newcastle (Master: William Leatherman)|
|Is apprentice of|
|Was apprentice of|
|Has opening text||Phillip Lawne|
|Has signoff text||Simple marke|
|Signoff image||(Invalid transcription image)|
|Language skills||English language|
|First deposition age||19|
|Act book start page(s)|
|Personal answer start page(s)|
|Allegation start page(s)|
|Deposition start page(s)||HCA 13/70 f.610r Annotate|
|Chancery start page(s)|
|Letter start page(s)|
|Miscellaneous start page(s)|
|Act book date(s)|
|Personal answer date(s)|
|Deposition date(s)||Sep 22 1655|
|How complete is this biography?|
|Has infobox completed||Yes|
|Has synthesis completed||No|
|Has HCA evidence completed||No|
|Has source comment completed||No|
|Type of ship||Merchant ship|
|Silver Ship litigation in 1650s|
|Role in Silver Ship litigation||None|
Phillip Lawne (b. 1636; d. ?). Sailor.
One of the company of the ship the Adventure of Newcastle (Master: William Leatherman). Had been a member of the crew for two months before she was cast away.
Resident in 1655 in Severne in the county of Suffolk.
Evidence from High Court of Admiralty
Nineteen year old Phillip Lawne deposed on September 22nd 1655 in the High Court of Admiralty. He was examined "On the behalfe of Thomas Partridge touching a losse of the Adventure of Newcastle".
The case concerned the ship the Adventure of Newcastle, which sailed from Hull to Rotterdam. On her return voyage from Rotterdam to Hartlepool she sprung an incurable leake "that albeit shee was plied with three pumpes eight and fourtie houres together by which her men were soe spent and tired that they were readie to dropp downe". The ship foundered and sank, but the crew saved themselves in the ship's boat. | <urn:uuid:0315535c-467b-4239-9c39-a312f7715945> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://marinelives.org/wiki/Phillip_Lawne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.791433 | 748 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Written by By Chelsea Jerusalim, CNN
“I was a star, a swan. And Truman Capote betrayed me.”
So begins a brilliantly anticomic story by Justin Ross Smith in his new memoir “Conversations with Truman Capote,” which recounts Smith’s career as a literary agent whose work was idolized by the famous author.
As an aspiring literary agent in the 1970s, Smith was also an avid admirer of Capote’s work and had the chance to meet his idol several times. For Smith, Capote’s widely admired personality and intoxicating, candid dialogue were the things that really hooked him.
This insight into the genesis of Capote’s persona comes as part of Smith’s ongoing investigation into literary love and fame in the 1970s, a generation that in Smith’s words, lacked “cultured, educated people who were happy to let their writing come first.”
The author told CNN that Capote was a kindred spirit.
“The difference is that he had support and respect for the book, and I never had that,” he said. “We have different needs and he had both, while I didn’t.”
Don Achey, Capote’s brother, elaborated on Smith’s story.
“Truman was very privileged,” he said. “Truman was even privileged above most everybody else — he had an editor and literary agent who were well equipped and knew what they were doing, and that’s all Truman had, was what he had.”
Smith didn’t mind, but added that Capote “wore his privilege very unconventionally,” noting the writer’s unapologetic declaration that “the best control of his life was to be dead.”
In order to pursue his own writing career, Smith has found his way to Esquire magazine, which he said is filled with “deranged smokers, violent females, terrible people who are on the wrong side of the law” — a far cry from the intellectual community Capote frequented with his literary agent and photographer Robin Orr.
While Smith wasn’t a fan of Orr, the photographer later snuck into a Capote tribute and followed Capote into a bathroom, which the author liked a lot, Smith said.
“It was a little bit awkward, it seemed like everybody expected to be afraid of him,” Smith said. “But the first time he came out of the bathroom he was just beaming; he looked great, he looked handsome.”
Award-winning writer David Remnick, founder of The New Yorker, told CNN that he read “Conversations with Truman Capote” when it came out.
“The story is relevant not just for the powerful literary figures of the day, but also for all of us today,” he said.
And there are many lessons in it, he added.
“This is a fair summary of how the new professional actress, the new successful literary agent, the new political journalist, the new book publicist, the new TV news person, the new power player are different from those of the old and beginning of the new century. These are new sorts of institutions, with new relations with old ones.”
“All of the things that we hate about our new professional arena are being taken up,” Remnick said. “And with reason. There are now more decisions in people’s lives, more money and authority and power, and culture and language than there were in ’61.”
Smith described his response to that.
“No matter how powerful a group, how many gatekeepers you get, there are still more people coming up behind, and more people to be influenced by,” he said.
“There’s always pressure on the people who have the strength to want to stay up there — or to set up a foundation that is worthy of a heart and humanity and culture and pleasure.” | <urn:uuid:74527fc2-026f-48ed-b9f1-af0c72a19c3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zajmedia.com/truman-capote-novel-inspired-conversations-with-justin-ross-smith/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.984868 | 869 | 1.5 | 2 |
VOICES AND SPIRITUALITY
Here, we explore some key aspects of spiritual voices, and how spirituality can help people who find their voices distressing. We also look at the ways in which voices have been understood and represented in different religious and spiritual contexts, ranging from ‘hearing the voice of God’ in charismatic Christian communities and the role of voices in Shamanic traditions, through to contemporary cases of ‘mediumship’ – i.e. communication with the deceased.
Definitions and distinctions
While definitions vary, most people understand spirituality as concerned with connection, meaning and purpose in life:
Spirituality is a distinctive, potentially creative and universal dimension of human experience arising both within the inner subjective awareness of individuals and within communities, social groups and traditions. It may be experienced as relationship with that which is intimately “inner”, immanent and personal, within the self and others, and/or as relationship with that which is wholly “other”, transcendent and beyond the self. It is experienced as being of fundamental or ultimate importance and is thus concerned with matters of meaning and purpose in life, truth and values.
Religion is a narrower concept than spirituality. It usually refers to a system of faith which seeks to understand the world and our proper role in it. Religion may combine belief in gods or goddesses, sacred myths, ethical values, and both personal and collective rituals. It offers a large set of resources, including spiritual practices, for understanding and making sense of experiences like voice-hearing. Importantly, many people see themselves as spiritual but not religious.
Voices can be understood as spiritual or religious in a variety of ways. They may be understood as coming directly from Gods, demons, saints or angels. Or they may have significant spiritual content – for example, by conferring a spiritual mission or encouraging personal transformation. It is difficult to estimate the number of people who see their voices as spiritual, because spiritual interpretations of voice-hearing may exist alongside other explanations. People who hear spiritual voices may also be reluctant to come forward because of stigma.
The Welsh Hearing Voices Network have grouped together a wide range of resources exploring the link between voices and spirituality. You can explore these on their website here.
Find out more
Chris Cook (2017) ‘Speak, Lord: thy servant heareth’, The Church Times.
Chris Cook (2017), Voices immanent and transcendent, The Church Times.
John Watkins (2008), Hearing Voices: A Common Human Experience, Michelle Anderson Publishing. | <urn:uuid:1c790063-1f09-46c1-a1fc-6e76d40bd37f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://understandingvoices.com/exploring-voices/voices-and-spirituality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947115 | 531 | 2.875 | 3 |
The official arbiters of US recessions look at six monthly indicators in determining whether the nation is indeed in a downturn — and they’re not flashing red.
The National Bureau of Economic Research’s business-cycle dating committee rejects the notion that two negative quarters of gross domestic product is the definition of a recession. Instead, it looks at indicators ranging from consumption to jobs to industrial activity.
“There is currently a conflict between the robust growth of payroll employment and the modest declines in some other monthly indicators,” said Robert Gordon, a Northwestern University professor and member of the committee. He doesn’t comment on his view of recession.
On Thursday, government data showed gross domestic product fell at a 0.9% annualised rate in the second quarter after a 1.6% drop in the first three months of the year. Some economists consider that as an informal rule of thumb indicating a possible recession.
Below is a rundown of the six data points:
Real personal income less transfers
Personal income has been mixed this year, hurt by inflation. It fell 0.3% in June after two monthly advances, and has risen three of the six months this year.
The US has added 2.7 million jobs this year, a pace of about 450 000 jobs a month that’s much stronger than the average prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. Payroll growth has been slowing but continues to be positive, with July payrolls additions expected to total 250 000 when the government reports the figures Friday.
Real personal consumption expenditures
Adjusted for inflation, personal consumption has continued to expand this year, rising in five of the past six months. Consumer spending accounts for around 70% of the US economy, so it remains a key driver for growth.
Real manufacturing and trade sales
Real manufacturing and trade sales have been declining this year. Manufacturing has struggled this year amid supply chain difficulties, fewer orders as consumer spending has slowed and a stronger US dollar has made exports more expensive.
While the main monthly employment report comes from a survey of businesses, a separate survey of households gives a different perspective on the labor market. Household employment was strongly positive in the first quarter and has declined in two of the last three months.
Index of industrial production
Industrial production was positive in the first few months of the year and has flattened out more recently, showing a slight decline in June.
The NBER committee defines a recession as “a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and that lasts more than a few months.” So to meet the criteria, it’s looking for more than one or two indicators showing weakness and those declines being significant and lasting more than a few months. | <urn:uuid:707e8ffc-22e6-464a-9746-aca6e63df08d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/economy/heres-what-the-six-key-official-indicators-of-us-recession-show/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962373 | 567 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Coastal Risk Reduction
The Texas Coast is one of the most productive and ecologically distinctive shorelines in the World. It is dynamically being reshaped by both natural and man-made forces. As part of the Institute for a Disaster Resilient Texas, many talented faculty members and researchers from Texas A&M University at Galveston Campus focus their efforts and seek solutions to reduce coastal risk. IDRT aims to develop comprehensive, holistic approaches to Texas coastal research and restoration solutions while incorporating natural, economic and political processes.
Hurricane Ike’s death and destruction vividly pointed out the need for protection from hurricane storm surge in the Houston-Galveston region. Although Hurricane Ike was disastrous, the storm was calmed before landfall and the surge was well below the forecasted 25 foot storm surges up Galveston Bay. If Ike had not weakened before landfall, Galveston Bay was looking at possibly a $100 Billion hurricane, which could have killed hundreds, left thousands homeless and jobless and devastated the nation’s largest petrochemical complex and crippled its busiest port.
CTBS believes this terrible scenario can be prevented. We can apply best practices and existing technologies used in the Netherlands and New Orleans to protect our region. The coastal spine concept is the approach the Dutch used after their 1953 surge disaster. They shortened their coast by combining barriers and gates to keep surge out of internal waters. They shared their methods with New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, and today New Orleans has the Greater New Orleans Barrier that protects the city from storm surge. We hope to use that knowledge to protect the Galveston-Houston area.
Wave Based Flood Risk Reduction
Houston Advanced Research Center/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | <urn:uuid:f6079e89-80c1-47a0-a9be-d9155943678d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://idrt.tamug.edu/coastal-risk-reduction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.938185 | 394 | 3 | 3 |
In the last two weeks I’ve covered relative motion as the ancients understood it (Galilean Relativity), touched on how light doesn’t follow those rules, and introduced time-space diagrams that we can use to visualize motion. I also introduced the topic of space-time events, which are simply locations in space at a given time.
In particular, I showed how our friend Al can use a laser to determine both the location and the time (relative to himself) of an event. This allows him to map his nearby space and time using a system of regular (that is, grid-like) space-time coordinates.
Today we continue with that idea. | <urn:uuid:10be2763-510d-4742-bb5c-d71a3d2a2ad3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://logosconcarne.com/2015/03/30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949662 | 140 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Why is Python slow? A lot of blame lies with the interpreter's ponderous data representation. Whenever you create anything in Python, be it a lowly number, a dictionary, or some user-defined object (i.e. a CatSeekingMissileFactoryFactory), under the hood Python represents these things as a big fat structure.
Why can't an integer just be represented as, well...an integer? Being a dynamic language, Python lacks any external information about the types of the objects it encounters: how is it to know whether one blob of 64 bits represents an integer, a float, and or a heap allocated object? At the very minimum, a type tag must be tacked onto each value. Furthermore, since the Python interpreter uses reference counting for garbage collection, each object is tasked with remembering how many other objects refer to it. Throw in a few other pressing exigencies and you end with objects in Python that are significantly larger than an equivalent piece of data from a compiled language. To actually get useful work done the Python interpreter has to perform a delicate dance of wasteful indirection: checking tags here, calling some unknown function pointer there and (finally!) pulling data from the heap into registers.
The problem is not that Guido van Rossum doesn't care about performance or that Python is badly written! The internals of the interpreter are thoughtfully designed and optimized to eke out speed gains wherever the opportunity presents itself. However, Python's unholy marriage to its object representation seems to make the significant and enduring performance gap between Python and many other languages inescapable.
Didn't PyPy already solve this problem?
So, why not cast off the yoke of PyObjects? PyPy has already shown that, if you give a JIT compiler the freedom to lay things out however it wants, Python can be made a lot faster. However, all that speed comes at a terrible cost: the loss of compatibility with extension modules that rely on the old Python C API. PyPy is allowed to think of an int as just some bits in a register but your library still expects a big struct, with a type tag and refcount and all. Despite many efforts by the PyPy team to help the rest of us slowpokes transition to their otherwise very impressive system, all the libraries which expect PyObjects are too important to be abandoned (and often too large to be rewritten).
Can we do anything to make Python faster without having to give up libraries like SciPy?
How about a faster interpreter?
Earlier this year, my officemate Russell and I got it into our heads that CPython hadn't reached quite far enough into the bag of interpreter implementation tricks.
- Why does Python use a stack-based virtual machine when a register-based machine might have lower dispatch overhead?
- Why does CPython only perform peephole optimizations? Why not use simple dataflow analyses?
- Attribute lookups are very repetitive, would some sort of runtime hints/feedback be useful for cutting down on hash function evaluations?
- Why not use bit-tagging to store integers directly inside in PyObject pointers? It's a common technique used in the implementation of other high level languages. Perhaps the Python developers shouldn't have rejected it?
- Call frames in Python seem a bit bloated and take a long time to set up, can we make function calls cheaper?
If you are interested in trying Falcon, you can get it on github. Let me know how it works for you! | <urn:uuid:12f1f649-f094-4872-a120-3e2102ebfa18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phi-node.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933257 | 718 | 2.375 | 2 |
Sprint Car racing is a great hobby that can be started at any age and is also a sport that requires a lot of patience and time to excel in it. The right equipment and guidance from a pro driver can be a rewarding experience.
Have you always wanted to start a hobby business that makes money? If so, you might be interested in creating a sprint car racing team. Sprint car racing is not for everyone, but if you are passionate about this sport, you could quickly turn it into a side gig.
However, not everyone can afford to purchase a full-blown race car. That’s where you come in. In this blog post, we’ll share some tips and tricks for starting a sprint car racing team as a hobby business.
I want to share with you my journey with car racing. I have been involved with car racing since I was a kid. I used to love watching NASCAR races on TV, and when I was young, I raced to go karts. However, after high school, I stopped running, and after college, I started working full-time in financial services.
What is sprint car racing?
Sprint car racing is a motorsport that consists of modified stock cars. These cars have a higher speed and less grip than stock cars, so they are built to go faster.
A sprint car is not the same as a NASCAR or Indy Car. Sprint cars are much smaller and have smaller engines than those other types of vehicles. Internal combustion engines power them. A sprint car has two seats in front and two seats behind it.
The sprint cars race on oval tracks. The driver sits behind the wheel. There is also a co-driver who helps steer the car. The co-driver sits next to the driver and helps him drive the vehicle.
Sprint Car Racing Rules
The rules of sprint car racing are very similar to those of NASCAR. The main difference is that the cars in sprint car racing are much smaller. They typically weigh less than 3,500 pounds and can go around 1,200 miles per hour.
Start Sprint Car Racing
Let’s say you want to start a hobby business that can make money. Perhaps you’ve wanted to race your sprint cars.
While this might sound like a good idea, it isn’t feasible for the average person. Not only are the costs prohibitive, but there’s a lot of training involved.
It’s also a competitive sport. When you enter a sprint car race, you compete against many other teams.
The key is to choose a reliable company that offers a safe, comfortable vehicle. They should provide you with a helmet, safety gear, and a pit crew.
You can also purchase a used car that has some racing experience. Just make sure to check the vehicle’s history and make sure that it has a clean title.
You can also join a sprint car club. These clubs usually offer training sessions, coaching, and more. If you’re serious about this hobby, you can invest significant time and energy into this sport.
Once you have decided on the type of sprint car you want, you need to determine what you want to call your team.
Why do I want to race sprint cars?
Many people dream of winning a championship in their chosen sport. When you are passionate about something, it can be challenging to stay motivated and committed when you face setbacks.
I decided to invest in a sprint car, and it’s been an incredible experience. I’ve been on the podium a couple of times.
My sprint car racing team has also allowed me to meet new friends, visit new places, and experience life from a different perspective.
The advantages of racing sprint cars
This fun and exciting hobby can help you earn a steady income. In addition, it is a sport that doesn’t require any special equipment, so you don’t need to invest much money.
It is also a sport that can be done in a local area, so you don’t need to travel far. Finally, this is a sport that requires lots of preparation. You must ensure you have everything you need and a safe place to store your vehicle.
If you follow these steps, you’ll find that this is a fun hobby that can be a great way to earn money.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How did you get into sprint car racing as a hobby?
A: My dad was in sprint cars when I was a kid, so I grew up around it. When I turned 12, he gave me a sprint car to race. At first, I thought it was a challenging hobby to learn. Then, I got into it more and more, and now I have an opportunity to make a living off of it.
Q: What advice would you give to someone who wants to start sprint car racing as a hobby?
Q: Where do you think the future of sprint car racing is headed?
Top Myth about racing sprint cars
1. You must be very good at sprint car racing to make a living.
2. It takes a long time to become successful.
If you’re looking for a fun hobby, there’s nothing better than riding dirt tracks and racing cars.
However, it’s important to note that this hobby is not without its risks. If you’re putting yourself at risk, you should ensure you understand the rules and regulations of the sport you’re participating in. Also, check with local authorities to ensure your chosen sport is safe for you. | <urn:uuid:b37ab243-e237-4b30-8c21-f5703b591f20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gamingerox.com/how-to-start-sprint-car-racing-as-a-hobby/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972909 | 1,160 | 1.945313 | 2 |
In the last two weeks there have been a number of reminders of how the configuration of the Middle East is in the process of dramatically changing. Over the last 10 days, in particular, Turkish artillery has been firing into northern Syria, in the aftermath of a mortar strike against the Turkish border town of Akcakale by the Syrian Army that killed a family of five. Damascus charges that Turkey is supplying the forces attacking the regime of Bashar al-Assad through this area. In the meantime, the Turkish Parliament just approved a bill authorizing the Turkish Army to engage in cross-border military operations into Syria.
As both armies exchanged fire for a week, Turkey’s president, Abdullah Gul, warned that “the worst case scenario we have all been dreading” was unfolding. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said: “… we are also not far from war.” Syrian spokesmen sought to stress that Turkish power was looming over the Arab states as a whole from the north. As Turkey began to make political recommendations about the composition of a post-Assad government, Syria’s information minister responded by playing on old Arab fears that Turkey wanted to control the Arab world by naming “the custodians” of Damascus, Mecca, Cairo and Jerusalem. He rebuked Ankara by also remarking: “Turkey is not the Ottoman Sultanate.”
Syria is not alone in looking suspiciously upon the reassertion of Turkish power. On Oct. 2, the Iraqi cabinet decided to annul all agreements which provided the basis of the Turkish military presence in Iraq that has lasted for 16 years. Turkey has maintained bases in Iraq since 1997, as well as armored artillery units. The U.S. military in Iraq provided an important buffer between Iraqi and Turkish forces, especially in the sensitive Kurdistan region. With the U.S. out of Iraq, Turkish forces are now being asked to withdraw.
While Turkey’s role in the future Middle East has been made into a major subject of discourse, particularly by events along the Syrian border, on Oct. 2, The New York Times focused on another great power that was also seeking to dominate the Middle East from the east, namely Iran. The newspaper carried a story about Major General Qassam Sulaimani, the commander of the Quds Force of the Revolutionary Guards, under the headline: “Iran’s Master of Iraq Chaos Still Vexes the U.S.” According to the article, which was based on internal American cables, Suleimani was the senior Iranian official responsible for Tehran’s influence in the internal politics of Iraq and the provision of military support for the Assad regime in Syria.
Last year, The Guardian reported that a senior Iraqi politician gave General David Petreaus a text message in 2008 from Suleimani that read: “General Petraeus, you should know that I, Qassem Suleimani, control the policy for Iran with respect to Iraq, Lebanon, Gaza, and Afghanistan.”
This story was partly verified this January, when the Iranian news agency, ISNA, reported that in a speech about Lebanon and Iraq, Suleimani asserted: “These regions are one way or another subject to the control of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its ideas.” Last month, Iran admitted for the first time that the Quds Force had been deployed in both Lebanon and Syria. Thus, evidence is growing of the increasing military encroachments of both Turkey and Iran in the heartland of the Arab world.
This change amounts to a new reconfiguration of the politics of the Middle East. For most of the period after World War II, it was common for intellectuals and politicians in the Arab world to blame the lack of progress in their countries on the presence of the forces of Western imperialism, which first entered the Middle East with the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt in 1798. But once France left Algeria in 1962 and the British announced their withdrawal “east of Suez” in 1968, the main Western forces remaining were those of the U.S. Now it is broadly assumed in the Middle East that the U.S. is finally about to withdraw from the region as did the British and French. But rather than the Arab world being left to itself, it is discovering that it will have to face the very two hegemonic powers that dominated the area for centuries before Napoleon’s armies arrived: Iran and Turkey.
Iran and Turkey will not admit that this is their plan. True, Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu has been charged by critics of being influenced by “neo-Ottoman fantasies.” In Oct. 2009, he spoke in Sarajevo and claimed that “the Balkans, Caucasus, and Middle East were all better off when under Ottoman control or influence.” Looking at the spread of wars in these regions, he announced “Turkey is back,” implying that it would have a more activisitic role in these conflicts.
The ideological component of Turkish policy sometimes slips out through statements by its leaders. At a meeting two weeks ago of his AKP Party, Erdogan presented himself as a leader of the Muslim nation, even invoking the names of the great Sultans of Ottoman history, like Muhammad the Conqueror Selim I, and Suleiman. True, Turkish officials speak of using “soft power” for influence, but their government is getting drawn more deeply into Syria’s internal war, against the wishes of Turkish public opinion.
The machinations of the Iranians across the Middle East have also become transparent as they have been growing beyond Iraq, Lebanon and Gaza from the Shiite revolt in Bahrain, the Houthi revolt on Yemeni Shiites, and their military involvement against the uprising of the Syrian Sunni population. Saudi Arabia understood very early that the 2003 Iraq War would lead to Iraq coming under Iranian domination. In fact, King Abdullah once complained to a high-level U.S. official: “You have allowed the Persians, the Safavids, to take over Iraq.” The Saudi king was referring to the Safavid Empire which ruled Iran from 1501 until the dawn of Western expansionism in the 18th century. With the West pulling out, from the Saudi view, the Safavids were back.
As the Middle Eastern great powers of the 18th century return to dominate the region due to what many in the Arab world expect to be a likely American pullback, it will be critical for both Turkey and Iran to divert the attention of the Arab states from this changing balance of power. Both Erdogan’s Turkey and Khamenei’s Iran need the struggle against Israel to keep the Arab states distracted from influence they seek to build and exercise.
It will not be so simple to wave the flag of the Palestinian issue in order to cover up their own encroachments on the rest of the Middle East. Many Sunni Arabs understand that Iranian special forces were involved in the massacres of their people in Syria, which were part of the spreading of Iranian power across the region. Pointing to Israel will not change what Iran did in Syria and elsewhere in the Middle East. Ironically, Israel and the Arab states have growing mutual interests in seeing that their region is not dominated by either Turkey or Iran, but whether they can draw together to block these two powers remains to be seen. | <urn:uuid:f03df7f0-aa77-4f6a-ae3f-8476e45c6363> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jcpa.org/article/the-changing-mideast-power-structure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.970231 | 1,512 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Tap connected instant water ozonator
The Flowzone Tapmaster‘s core component technology was designed in Germany and is an economical and sustainable solution for residential and commercial use. Quick and easy to install, the Tapmaster connects to most faucets via the instant gas-liquid micro-diffuser.
Once connected to the unit with the silicon tube provided, ozonated water comes out automatically within half a second of turning on the tap.
Note that this only fits to a standard sized tap, see user manual for more information including how to install.
Ozone eliminates E.coli approximately 3000 times faster than chlorine and eradicates 99% of known viruses, bacteria and microorganisms (including Giardia and Cryptosporidium) and is safe to drink. It neutralises pesticides, chemicals, detergents and odours while remaining safe for you and the environment.
Ozonated water has myriad uses including but not limited to;
- Producing oxygen-rich water with 2 -4 times the oxygen content of regular tap water.
- Reap the potential health benefits of drinking freshly oxygenated water.
- Removing bacteria from vegetables, meats and seafood so they are safe and keep longer.
- Neutralising pesticides and chemical residues on your vegetables, some which can remain in your body are carcinogenic.
- Hand washing stations in schools, offices, restaurants, hotels, rest rooms, daycare facilities to prevent transmission of pathogens.
- Use in the home to sanitisation tasks such as baby bottles & toys, work surfaces, kitchen equipment, bathrooms, floor mopping and laundry.
- Support acne breakouts by washing your face with ozonated water.
- Clean your teeth and rinse your mouth with ozonated water for great oral hygiene.
- An excellent off-grid solution after water filtering has been applied for higher quality drinking water.
The ozone will oxidise virsuses, bacteria, pathogens and chemicals in the water but you are left with byproducts in the water. Check the water quality with your local council before using this to drink ozonated water. It is excellent to use alongside a reverse osmosis under the sink water filter.
- Ozone Output: 200 mg
- Ozone Concentration: 0.2~0.5 ppm
- Power: 8 w
- Voltage: AC110-220 v
- Water Flow: 1-8 lpm
- Water Pressure: 0.3-8 Bar
- Operating Temperature: 0°C~50°C
- Product Dimensions: 125mm x 103mm x 46mm
- Weight: 2 kgs including packaging
- Accessories: silicone tube, micro-diffuser, male-female tap adaptor, power adaptor, Velcro fastener, user manual
Unscrew the end of the water tap and screw in the Micro Diffuser that fits to a standard 22 mm tap male fitting, a female tap adaptor is included in case is neccessary for your tap.
Connect the ozone outlet and micro diffuser with the silicone tube.
Fasten the machine on the wall with the velcro piece, press the machine gently for a few seconds to make sure it is secure. Plug into power.
A very good product, which works well,and is easily installed. Have brought 2 now , so can really recommend it.
Really super useful should be in everyone's kitchen!
Took me only one wash with the ozone water purifier to remove mould stains from my cutting boards. So easy to use to wash dishes, and sterilise bench tops, even mopped the floor with it! Was super easy to install, just took the end of the kitchen tap off and ******* in the neojet, was easy peasy. It has a button on the top so can easily turn on and off. So pleased with this and find it so useful will be giving to friends and family for presents!! | <urn:uuid:76ee1f38-4aea-4be6-b070-a9ecaf0ddd9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naturalozone.co.nz/collections/water-ozonators/products/ozone-water-purifier-for-tap | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.916031 | 823 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Tree elimination is a really complicated task for most of us. This is said that this kind of is something that people should give over to professionals who are well-experienced. Around most cases, if a new tree treatment goes incorrect, this may lead to a regrowth of the tree especially if a new stump is not taken care of properly. tree removal orange county can cause damage to autos, households, power lines, and may even trigger injuries to people which is a little something you really don’t would like to happen.
Most of communities nowadays have a very lot of tree removal services companies that specialize throughout getting rid of and trimming woods. That they furthermore provide additional types of similar solutions that you may furthermore benefit from.
Sapling treatment is done for several reasons. First off, a good homeowner may want to be eliminate of a tree for the reason that it’s in the method of his landscape gardening plans. On the other hand, trees might also cause the problem if they eclipse houses and additional components. Dying trees furthermore pose a safety risk thus they should be removed. Utility companies buy rid involving trees so that they will can guard the sincerity of their outlines. This particular is especially true any time trees bring about trouble when their origins start to be able to grow really large churn up pavements or maybe trigger cracks in private pools.
The particular process of removing the forest basically starts using the task involving assessing the tree along with the location where it’s located. This kind of is done by simply typically the tree remover because they has to make a plan ahead so that he / she can be sure that the shrub is going to turn out to be taken off safely without leading to injury to objects surrounding the idea. As an illustration, if a woods is located in close proximity to some sort of house or even power series, the falling path with the tree needs to get calculated precisely. By obtaining professionals to perform the work for you, you can certainly get reduce the need to have to do complexities, which frequently lead to errors and even end in accidents.
After this plan can be laid down, the woods remover is definitely going to climb the particular tree to cut away from key branches. Trimming away from you branches is done to give the tree cleaner more control over the particular fall of the particular tree so as to reduce the chance of peripheral damage, which often can be caused by smashing branches and flailing braches. After the branches include been removed, the tree can be accurately felled, sawed, and removed. At times, typically the tree requires to topped off of in advance of it is felled in order to lower straight down the possibility of home damage.
After the procedure is completed, the tree’s stump will be left behind. Most people want to obtain gone this as effectively because it can not necessarily great to look from and because this can head to a fresh growth in the event not removed. | <urn:uuid:76b619c6-257f-43e0-9b14-bc7f87a9395b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.comoqueporque.com/determine-what-tree-removing-is-as-well-as-things-involved-in-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972802 | 598 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Fatwa on Salafvoice On December 24, 2008, the Islamic website Salafvoice was asked a question about hacking: "I am working on hacking websites which defame Islam, and because these websites contain security measures, they force you to enter a username and password on one of the websites. What is the ruling on this matter?" The answer given was: "The destruction of websites which are offensive to Islam is a duty for all who are able, with the help of Allah."
May 9, 2013
Jihad and Terrorism Threat Monitor
JTTM subscribers receive daily updates on imminent and potential threats posed by terrorists, extremist organizations, and individuals worldwide.For subscription information, click here | <urn:uuid:69ee2458-8f29-46b2-8e44-601a7c1087b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.memri.org/cjlab/fatwa-on-salafvoice-com-permits-hacking-it-is-a-duty-for-all-who-are-able | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.950084 | 140 | 1.757813 | 2 |
The fear of imperfection
is called Atelophobia. Atelophobia, the fear of imperfection
just like any other phobia, is an anxiety disorder defined by a persistent and excessive fear of imperfection
. Fot Atelophobia to actually be identified it has to typically result in a rapid onset of fear and is usually present for more than six months.
Atelophobia Psychological Symptoms
- fear of losing control
- fear of fainting
- feelings of dread
- fear of dying
- fear of harm or illness
- guilt, shame, self-blame
- Withdrawing from others
- Feeling sad or hopeless
- Feeling disconnected
- Confusion, difficulty concentrating
- Anger, irritability, mood swings
- anxiety and fear
- Shortness of breath
- Tightness in the chest/chest pain and difficulty breathing
- A need to go to the toilet
Having fear of imperfection
can be very distressing and create a lot of disruptons in the sufferes life. But Atelophobia is treatable. The different options available span between mdication and talking therapy.
Exposure-based treatments are the first-line approach in the treatment of Atelophobia. In this type of treatment, you are gradually and progressively exposed to the fear of imperfection
. You might start by just thinking about your fear of imperfection
and then move slowly toward looking at images of the object and finally being near the object in real life.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Often referred to as CBT, cognitive behaviorial therapy involves learning to identify the underlying negative thoughts that contribute to feelings of fear of imperfection
. And learning to counter those thoughts by better more joyous thoughts.
Medications may be prescribed in some cases to help manage some of the symptoms you might be experiencing as a result of Atelophobia. Medications your doctor might prescribe include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), beta-blockers, and anti-anxiety drugs.
Atelophobia Physical Symptoms
People that suffer from Atelophobia the fear of imperfection
, experience panic attacks more often than not. No matter how overwhelming the feelings of anxiety, a panic attack can cause real physical symptoms, such as but not limited to the ones below: | <urn:uuid:84dd0bfd-db90-470d-b8a8-0d1a8d4e65ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phobiasinfo.com/atelophobia-the-fear-of-imperfection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.915192 | 515 | 2.640625 | 3 |
In 1951, Sheila Jones was the first person in the world to be treated for Phenylketonuria (PKU) at Birmingham Children’s Hospital. Her story and treatment has paved the way for patients with PKU, their families and health professionals.
About the author: Anne Green is a former Consultant Biochemist at Birmingham Children’s Hospital, specialising in newborn screening and inherited metabolic disorders. With an interest in PKU, she has researched Sheila’s story and with the help of Sheila’s brothers, other health professionals who cared for Sheila and historical information has written the definitive story which spans 70 years.
Published by Brewin Books. All of the proceeds from this book will be donated to Birmingham Children’s Hospital Charity.
To order click here: https://www.brewinbooks.com/sheila | <urn:uuid:8b3b108d-ffcf-4dbe-8767-510c1dd59900> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nspku.org/sheila-unlocking-the-treatment-for-pku-orders-outside-the-uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.943327 | 176 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Here are a few easy ways to give back to local charities and nonprofits:
Donate money when filing your taxes
During this year’s tax season, you can designate your favorite Colorado charity to receive a portion of your state refund. If you would like to use this opportunity to donate to KidsTek on your state return, please use our legal name: Colorado Technology Community Foundation and our state registration number: 20023003095. You can choose to donate to other local charities as well by looking them up at the ReFUND Colorado website: refundwhatmatters.org
Give through Amazon Smile
Setting up an Amazon Smile account only takes a few clicks. Instead of shopping through Amazon.com, simply type in smile.amazon.com in your browser. Once you land on the Amazon Smile website, you sign in with your regular Amazon login and then search for the charity of your choice. If you wish to donate to KidsTek, you can find us under Colorado Technology Community Foundation. Amazon donates a percentage of your purchases at no cost to you. You can bookmark this page so that you give to KidsTek every time you shop on Amazon!
Shop and give on CleverGiver
KidsTek just joined CleverGiver, and it’s a great place to give back! Begin by creating an account on CleverGiver.com. Once this account is created, find the “Giving Chart” in the menu and add the non-profit organization of your choice. You can add up to three separate organizations to give back to at once. Arrange the percentage amount of your purchases that you would like to give to each organization. If you would like to choose KidsTek, please type in Colorado Technology Community Foundation. Happy Shopping! | <urn:uuid:461f586e-cec5-4bec-bd9e-ad91be5cbbe0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kidstek.org/easy-ways-to-support-kidstek/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927243 | 362 | 1.5 | 2 |
Picture a stereotypical building: square, triangular roof and a bland colour. The average building fades into obscurity. That is why when a building bursts out of the norm with vibrancy and colour, they become instantly iconic. In most cases, a spectacular roof is what ingrains these buildings into our memory.
Whether it is the shape, the colour or something completely out the ordinary, these roofs are the hallmark of cities and landmarks of entire countries.
Now we’ve established the criteria for a spectacular roof, let us showcase some examples.
Sydney Opera House, Australia
Although one of the most iconic buildings of the 20th century, the Sydney Opera House is also one of the most misunderstood. The general assumption of this building is that it was inspired by waves, since it resides on a harbour. However, architect Jørn Utzon used nature as his inspiration, using mainly walnuts, oranges, and the wings of birds as his motive for designing this modern masterpiece.
Santa Caterina Market, Barcelona
Despite having a roof which is only viewable from the air, the Santa Caterina Market in Barcelona does well to stand out in a city which has an abundance of astonishing architecture. Used as the main food supplier to the towns and outskirts of Barcelona during the post-civil war era, Santa Caterina has retained its historical and cultural relevance even after it was refurbished.
Blue Domed Roofs, Santorini
There is a reason why Santorini is one of the most popular European honeymoon destinations. While only a small dot in the Aegean sea, the blue domed roofs atop crisp, white, hillside buildings make Santorini the most beautiful of Greek islands. If you are thinking of booking a romantic getaway, make sure Santorini is at the top of the list.
Reichstag Building, Germany
Don’t be fooled by the beautiful stone exterior and the glass dome roof; the Reichstag building has been home to the darkest moments of European history. Whether it was the second World War, the Cold War or the reunification of the nation, the home of German politics has been through it all and lived to tell the tale. Although the Reichstag was renovated after the famous fire of 1933 which allowed Hitler to accelerate his campaign against communism, the building still kept a hold of its iconic glass roof, acting as a symbol of strength and resolve.
Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee
As one of the largest art museums in the United States, the Milwaukee Art Museum is a piece of art itself. Formally known as the Quadracci Pavilion, the inspiration behind this building acts a homage to the sailing culture of its neighbour, Lake Michigan. With a sail that rises 90 feet into the sky, the MAM is also accompanied by a pair of wings which open and close throughout the day to resemble a bird’s flight. Not only does this building hold over 25,000 pieces of art, it also boasts one of the most spectacular roofs across the US and across the world.
The Grand Palace, Thailand
Throughout this list, the majority of buildings have demonstrated a subtle beauty and a degree of elegance. However, The Grand Palace in Thailand is the one exception to this rule. Situated right in the heart of Bangkok, this gold plated palace represents the culture of a notoriously eccentric country. As well as being the most colourful and flamboyant of the buildings on this list, the Grand Palace is by far the most pristine, which is surprising considering it also the oldest. Constructed in 1782, the gold tips of each tower can be seen from far and wide, making it easy to find for any backpackers travelling to Bangkok. | <urn:uuid:3db7c3f3-76fb-4702-b02e-5db396b647fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aesroofing.co.uk/the-most-beautiful-roofs-from-around-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962043 | 759 | 2.421875 | 2 |
It is fair to say that data communications giant Cisco Systems provided the technology that built the Net as we know it. Now a new generation of high-end networking equipment start-ups want to renovate it.
Aspirants to Cisco's claim to the data networking throne have come and gone, but this latest crop of upstarts are responding to a single issue--the growth demands of the congested Net, a massive multibillion-dollar opportunity that could leave room for more than just the 800-pound gorilla of networking.
First, service providers require more bandwidth and speedier equipment to keep up with the explosion of the Net and the demands it has placed on their infrastructure. These same companies also need more sophisticated methods to allocate bandwidth and provision service so they can, in turn, differentiate themselves to customers in a crowded market for data and voice-based network connections.
Some Cisco competitors have created a niche with Net access providers, such as Ascend Communications--a company that has chipped away at Cisco's dominance by providing access equipment. But no one has approached Cisco in delivering core high-end routing devices that send Net-based traffic to its destination. These routers serve as the "backbone," or brains of the network for most ISPs, including UUNet Technologies.
This fresh group of start-ups share a few things: a common enemy in Cisco, rosters of all-star talent from established networking companies, and a belief that starting from scratch gives them an inherent technology advantage as networks grow to terabit speeds.
"It's a very busy market area--it's going to be very competitive," said John Armstrong, analyst with market researcher Dataquest. "It's the new companies that are coming out with the different approach."
The clearest evidence that many believe these terabit-speed start-ups--and this type of technology--have a chance to compete with Cisco is the gaggle of venture capitalists (VCs) and Cisco rivals that have latched on to these nascent firms:
What else do all the above companies have in common? None are currently shipping products, despite the wads of cash being thrown at them.
The promises emanating from these terabit-speed devices recall the predelivery hype surrounding gigabit-speed Ethernet equipment, another giant market opportunity that was accompanied by a start-up glut that continues to sort itself out.
"The hype on this is as great or greater than during any technology cycle I've seen," said Craig Johnson, principal analyst with the Pita Group.
The list of entrants hasn't come close to completion. Others like Nexabit Networks, Torrent Networking Technologies, and NEO Networks are also gunning for ISP network build-out dollars. Still others remain cloaked in secrecy, unwilling to divulge their particular bent on the market.
Some believe these firms are specializing in too much secrecy to create hype. "I think the value proposition for half of these companies is negligible," said Tom Nolle, president of CIMI Corporation, a technology researcher. "These guys are playing a statistical game. They're building a product for which there is no market."
To the degree that Cisco is the acknowledged kingpin, the ongoing investments are an indication of what it takes to develop a product that can conceivably poach a portion of Cisco's high-end routing business, the cash cow that catapulted the networking giant to its current position.
"We have to convince every single customer to buy something without a Cisco label on it," admitted Hank Zannini, cofounder and vice president of business development at Avici. "It's kind of like the IBM days--you can't get fired for buying Cisco products."
It also indicates a prevalent view among service providers--they would love to have a more competitive market from which to choose equipment from. "We're always looking at ways to enhance our technology, whether it comes from a start-up or an incumbent," said Doug Hickey, president of Frontier GlobalCenter, the data arm of Frontier Communications.
Noted another start-up: "The ISP community is very eager to see alternatives to Cisco emerge. The biggest competitive advantage we have to Cisco is we aren't them," said Gordon Saussy, vice president of marketing at Torrent, a rare new entry which has devices currently shipping in some slower configurations.
Frontier GlobalConnect announced plans to install high-end Cisco routers as it builds out its data network earlier this week. Cisco itself has also announced plans to meld ATM-based (asynchronous transfer mode) technology with IP-optimized hardware to cut off new entrants at the pass. Attempts to reach a Cisco representative were unsuccessful.
The strategies of the majority of the start-up firms appear remarkably similar: assimilate into separate voice and data networks built on voice switches from the likes of Nortel and Lucent Technologies and Cisco data equipment, then slowly meld those layouts via upgrades to this faster technology. Due to this approach, it will likely take some time before any of these firms will see revenue results, given the long test processes and sales cycles associated with high-end equipment and software.
Juniper, for one, teased the market in June with the announcement that its Junos network operating system had been tested by prominent service providers since the start of the year. Most say their total packages of equipment and software will hit the market by the end of this year or the first half of next year.
What Cisco has previously accomplished with the software that runs on its routers, these firms want to provide in silicon, with specialized chips known as ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits) that can move data at faster rates. Some start-ups are promising terabit-per-second speeds.
In addition, these firms hope to add industrial-strength features and flexibility, with some combining high-speed and intelligent ATM technology with speedy routing for IP, the dominant form of transmission on the Net.
All entrants also admit to the requirement that their complex software must run in conjunction with Cisco's as well, a realization that if you're going to play in an ISP's infrastructure, you're going to have to interoperate with the entrenched competitor. Some of this software includes behind-the-scenes functions that allow ISPs to offer varying degrees of service quality and bandwidth allocation to customers and on-the-fly updating to ISP administrators, among other features.
"You've got to get both parts [hardware and software] fundamentally right," noted Joe Furgerson, director of marketing for Juniper.
Like the evolution of gigabit-speed Ethernet market, most pundits project a scenario in which several terabit-routing players get snapped up--one after another--with others remaining independent, hoping a public stock offering can legitimize their technology.
"I would expect these guys to get sucked into the Lucents and the Nortels," noted Dataquest's Armstrong. "I'd be very surprised if these little guys survive independently."
Regardless of the likely outcomes for these aspiring Cisco killers, this latest series of players arrive at a moment when the networking industry is in ever-increasing flux. The result is a landscape where previous assumptions about market strength are rapidly falling by the wayside, as telecom and data continue to blend into a single "packetized" network.
Cisco, Nortel, and Lucent are all huge and yearn to dominate this market with a confidence that comes with their current positions and cash flows, but with every technology shift comes the opportunity for new entrants to make waves: "The data networking world has only just begun," mused Chris Baldwin, vice president of marketing for Argon.
Separately, Nexabit plans to announce a $20 million round of financing Monday from a series of investors, highlighted by a stake from Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen's Vulcan Ventures. | <urn:uuid:053c7e82-4189-40c0-9893-f69a70ec17f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/terabit-start-ups-challenge-cisco/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962619 | 1,595 | 1.570313 | 2 |
National Geographic Weather Channel Defiant With Climate Change Web Site Makeovers After Paris
Climate change is projected to alter the physical environment in ways that will affect human health globally, regionally and locally. the choices that society makes to respond to climate change also have health implications. the course will explore the scientific evidence to date of the health impacts associated with a changing climate. Cop26 (31 october 12 november 2021, glasgow, united kingdom). at cop26 in glasgow in november 2021, who contributed to mainstreaming health into the negotiations by organizing the 2021 global conference on health and climate change and the un high level side event, producing a cop26 special report on climate change and health, releasing a joint open letter from the health professionals. Climate change could refer to a particular location or the planet as a whole. climate change may cause weather patterns to be less predictable. these unexpected weather patterns can make it difficult to maintain and grow crops in regions that rely on farming because expected temperature and rainfall levels can no longer be relied on. Climate change affects not only our planet, but also how we can all live and work. the potentially deadly impacts of extreme heat on human health are already being felt in parts of the world. our research explores what climate change means to those working in increasingly hot temperatures. we are developing practical interventions to help. A new paper has found that 58% of infectious diseases that researchers tracked were aggravated in some way by climate change related hazards. illustration: jianan liu huffpost. more than half of all human infectious diseases in recorded history — lyme, west nile, hantavirus, typhoid, hiv and influenza, to name a few — have been exacerbated.
Climate Change Causes Classroom Complete Press
The learning, teaching, and practice of geography is central to the challenges presented by global climate change. however, geographers can do much more than present an analysis of these challenges. they also have a vantage point from which they can point to the kinds of thought and action that can deliver a better tomorrow for every person on. “although climate change is often framed as a global problem for all of humanity, the heterogeneity of its manifestations, impacts, and responses has to be carefully considered” (sultana 2014, p. 373). see the aag resources guide on geography and climate change here. and the intergovernmental plan on climate change here. Southern metros will be hit hardest by climate change in the form of coastal property damage and higher mortality, with florida metros like lakeland, tampa , sarasota, and orlando representing.
Climate Change Is Central To Geography Lessons Letter Science The Guardian
How Climate Affects Community Health Full Video
video discusses ways that climate change can impact community health, and things communities can do to prepare. comments climate change can affect human health in many ways, including impacts from wildfires, flooding, and extreme heat. what causes climate change (also known as global warming)? and what are the effects of climate change? learn the human today we're going to talk about climate change which is when there is a change in the average weather patterns in a region over public health is being impacted by climate change via many pathways from alterations in infectious disease transmission to our health and wellbeing is closely linked to the environment we live in, but our climate is rapidly changing. this has climate change has profound impacts on human health. this video discusses the many ways in which our changing climate climate change can affect human health in many ways, including impacts from wildfires, flooding, and extreme heat. climate change isn't something that will happen in the far off future — it's already harming us now. ultimately, climate change will the 2020 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change read the full report at | <urn:uuid:b002fffb-fc96-46ef-89e0-561172a0c913> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://levaquin500.tk/health-geography-climate-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.952052 | 774 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Price cube is a system for the pricing optimization in different market scenarios
Dynamic pricing is a powerful approach adopted by online stores to modify in real-time the prices to show to user. This allows to increase the revenues and quickly adapt to market conditions without incurring costs.
Price cube exploits advanced AI techniques to promptly adapt the pricing strategies to the market and users’ behavior changes. It acquires real-time data to always update its ML prediction models, adjust the price and catch selling opportunities. Price cube can be customized by the seller needs and requirements. For instance, the variability of the prices changes can be regulated to avoid that users modify their behavior strategically.
We provide the following tools that can be customized to customer needs:
Price cube for Goods is a system for the dynamic pricing of goods. We provide tools able to optimize the price of both physical and immaterial goods, with large or limited stocks. It exploits Online Machine Learning approaches to dynamically change the price strategies according to the demand prediction, the timing, the location and the competitive pressure.
Furthermore, It exploit explainable AI algorithms to identify user clusters with different reservation prices and perform the optimal strategy for each of them. | <urn:uuid:a29b27fa-b888-4c9e-a6d0-f3b5be241227> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mlcube.com/dynamic-pricing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91331 | 239 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Cade Carmichael doesn’t want us to drink what he calls “supermarket wines” but he also isn’t advocating we take out a loan for an expensive bottle of wine. That’s why when he opened Lighthouse Wine Shop last year in St. Joseph, Michigan he decided to feature value wines.
“I didn’t want to start off with big wine names,” he says. “Good wine doesn’t have to be expensive. Value wines are those that taste like they should cost more than they do.”
It’s all about knowing where to look and for those of us who don’t want to begin the laborious process of understanding the intricacies of every wine region and producer, Carmichael is willing to do the hard work for us. His fascination with wines came not from living in Southwest Michigan where we have a wonderful abundance of wineries but when he moved with his wife to Frankfurt, Germany where they lived for five years before returning to this area. From Frankfurt, it was easy to explore the wine regions of such countries as France and Italy as well as Germany.
In the wine appellation of Côte de Nuit Villages in Burgundy, a historic region of France that produces some of the most expensive wines in the world. Appellation or appellation d’origine contrôlée or AOC which stands for “controlled designation of origin” is certification granted by the government that refers to the area’s agriculture products—a list that includes not only wines, but other categories such as cheeses and butters.
But the thing is, Carmichael tells me, is there are some value wines from the Côte de Nuit Villages that are very affordable if you know where to look. He shows me bottles from Domaine Faively, a winery founded in 1825 in the Nuits-St. Georges.
“Right next to Nuits-St. Georges is a small village called Vosne-Romanee,” says Carmichael. Another historic village like Nuits-St. Georges, Vosne-Romanee is known as having some of the most expensive burgundies in the world.
“Vosne-Romanee literally shares a border with Nuits- St. Georges, so they have the same soil and growing conditions- the vineyards facing east get the morning sun and shade in the evening,” says Carmichael. “But there’s a huge difference.”
That means instead of spending a small fortune for a bottle from Vosne-Romanee, you can enjoy the wines of the Côte de Nuit Villages by choosing those produced by wineries in Nuits-St. Georges.
In an interesting aside, Carmichael tells me that China is now producing Bordeaux style wines, using five Noble varietals— Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, and Petit Verdot—which comprise the best for making that type of wine. How is it working out? Well, the 2013 vintage from Ao Yun—the name means flying above the clouds as the winery is 8,500 feet above sea level, in the foothills of the Himalayas that has similar growing conditions to the Bordeaux region of France—was awarded a score of 93 by Wine Advocate and sells for around $300. But that’s an aside.
When sourcing his wines Carmichael looks, of course, for value but also the unique such as those made from indigenous or natural yeast rather than cultivated yeast. Sometimes, through diligent searching he’s able to score big.
“I try to find things—they’re not weird—but unique,” he says.
The Lighthouse Wine Shop is in the small mall on the corner of Glenlord Road and Red Arrow Highway and right across the street from Coach’s Bar & Grill in Stevensville. In keeping with Carmichael’s vow not to be a cookie cutter type place, he and his father-in-law built display boxes, used wine barrels as tables for showcasing wines. His wines are divided by country and there’s a good representation of Italy, Spain, France, South America, and California to name a few.
He also sells wine accoutrements like corkscrews, gift baskets and boxes. A major focal point on the store is the large white board or what Carmichael calls “a lyric board” that changes. He uses vinyl records for the music that plays in the background. The groups performing are modern and include Phoebe Bridgers & Waxahatchee as well as classics such as Johnny Cash, the Beatles and Chicago. Speaking of the latter, Carmichael says that his Chicago patrons seem to prefer French wines while those from this area choose Italian. He thinks that might a reflection of Whirlpool Corp. having manufacturing plants in Cassinetta, Naples, and Trento in Italy. Coincidentally as he’s saying this, Doug Washington walks in to buy a bottle of Italian red wine. A Whirlpool employee he says he worked for the company in Italy.
When I started working on this column, I received an email from Janet Fletcher, who lives in Napa Valley, California where she develops and tests recipes for cookbooks and magazine features, evaluate cheeses for her classes and columns, does extensive gardening, and prepares dinner nightly with her winemaker husband. I’ve talked to her frequently in the past and wrote about several of her cookbooks including Wine Country Table and Cheese and Beer. I also follow her blog Planet Cheese.
Fletcher, who has won three James Beard Awards and the International Association of Culinary Professionals Bert Greene Award, has a new cookbook out called Gather: Casual Cooking from Wine Country Gardens and I asked her if she would share recipes. She agreed, including recipes easily made at home and the California wines she suggests using when serving them.
The following are recipes she shared along with anecdotes about their origins and Fletcher’s wine recommendations. These wines are necessarily easily available but when a Merlot is called for you can substitute a local Merlot or one from another area though keep in mind that Fletcher paired her food and wines very carefully.
Maggie’s Ranch Chicken
Ranch chicken has nothing to do with ranch dressing, says Katie Wetzel Murphy of Alexander Valley Vineyards. “It’s what we called this dish as kids,” she recalls. “It seems that my mother, Maggie, only made it when we came to ‘The Ranch,’ which is what we called the vineyards before we had a winery.” Baked with honey, mustard, and tarragon, the quartered chicken emerges with a crisp brown skin, and the sweet aroma draws everyone to the kitchen. “Kids like it and adults like it,” says Katie, “and most of the food we make has to be that way.”
1 whole chicken, 4 to 4 1/2 pounds, backbone removed, then quartered
Sea salt and freshly ground black pepper
1/3 cup honey
4 tablespoons salted butter
1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
4 fresh tarragon sprigs, each 6 inches long
Wine: Alexander Valley Vineyards Merlot
Preheat the oven to 350°F. Season the chicken quarters all over with salt and pepper. Put the quarters into a 9-by-13-inch baking dish.
In a small saucepan, combine the honey, butter, and mustard over low heat and stir until the butter melts. Pour the honey mixture evenly over the chicken. Place a tarragon sprig on each quarter.
Roast the chicken for 30 minutes, then remove the dish from the oven, spoon the dish juices over the chicken, and return the dish to the oven for 30 minutes more. The chicken will be fully cooked, with beautifully browned skin. Let rest for at least 15 minutes before serving to allow the juices to settle.
Antipasto Platter with Southern-Style Pickled Okra
Makes 6 pints
“Napa Valley’s Regusci Winery proprietor, Laura Regusci, developed a passion for pickling in her grandmother’s Kentucky kitchen,” he writes. The family pastime began as a way to preserve vegetables for winter and share homegrown gifts with neighbors. Today, Laura carries on the tradition, growing okra and other seasonable vegetables in the Regusci estate garden for pickling. Each Thanksgiving, pickled okra adds a southern spirit to the family’s antipasto board
3 pounds small okra
6 cups distilled white vinegar
4 cups water
1/2 cup kosher or sea salt
1/4 cup sugar
For Each Pint Jar:
1/4 teaspoon yellow mustard seeds
1/4 teaspoon dill seeds
6 black peppercorns
6 cumin seeds
2 cloves garlic, peeled
1 fresh oregano sprig
1 bay leaf
Pinch of ground coriander
Pinch of red chile flakes
When creating the antipasto platter use the pickled vegetables along with alongside figs, salami, other charcuterie meats, and marinated veggies like artichokes.
Suggested Wine: Regusci Winery Rosé
Have ready six sterilized pint canning jars and two-part lids. Trim the okra stems if needed to fit the whole pods upright in the jars. Otherwise, leave the stems intact.
In a saucepan, combine the vinegar, water, salt, and sugar and bring to a simmer over medium-high heat, stirring to dissolve the sugar. Keep hot.
Into each of the six jars, put the mustard seeds, dill seeds, peppercorns, cumin seeds, garlic, oregano, bay leaf, coriander, and chile flakes. Fill the jars with the okra, packing it in upright—alternating the stems up and down if needed—as tightly as possible. Fill the jars with the hot liquid, leaving 1/4-inch headspace, and top each jar with a flat lid and screw band. Process the jars in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, then cool on racks without disturbing.
Refrigerate any jars that failed to seal and use within 2 weeks. Store sealed jars in a cool, dark place for up to 1 year. Wait for at least 1 week before opening a jar to allow the flavor to mellow. | <urn:uuid:903cc243-1b29-4417-8fef-b4fe3567371d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://janeammeson.com/tag/burgundy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942547 | 2,227 | 1.632813 | 2 |
School meal providers in Sandwell have pledged to go further than the government's School Food Standards.
School meals are already offering children healthier options including more fruit and vegetables, food lower in fat, salt, sugar and healthier drinks. More parents and carers will also be given the opportunity to come to taste school food.
Sandwell’s schools have gone a step further by running healthier cooking classes and creating vegetable gardens to engage children and families. They are also sharing Change 4 Life guidance for healthier packed lunches and working to improve the overall lunchtime experience for children.
Councillor Elaine Costigan, cabinet member for public health and protection said: “It’s imperative that children are given healthy meals while at school and I’m delighted the school meals providers already do that.
“It’s great there are plans for more initiatives in partnership with the council, schools and meal providers. This will make sure not only children, but the whole family will get involved and learn more about healthy eating.”
Sandwell Council is working in collaboration with SIPs, Dolce, Autograph, Chartwells, CMC, AIP and Cityserve who provide meals in schools across the borough.
Councillor Simon Hackett, cabinet member for children’s services said: “These initiatives go much further than just providing a healthy school meal. I hope they will help children and families learn about healthy eating so they can use this knowledge at home.” | <urn:uuid:448391e3-6124-4914-9753-dca97b535761> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thephoenixnewspaper.com/school-food-set-to-be-even-better-in-sandwell-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966345 | 309 | 1.960938 | 2 |
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The object is a reproduction of an Ostendorf print. It features an image of Nancy Hanks Lincoln with her hands draped over the shoulders of her son, Abraham Lincoln.
Justice Frank J. and Virginia Williams
Approximate Creation Date
8 X 10 inches
Materials and Techniques Display
paper (fiber product); reproduction (copying)
recto, beneath image: Nancy Hanks Lincoln and Her Son. / "All that I am or ever shall hope to be, / I owe to my loving angel mother. God Bless her." recto, signature in ink at bottom left of print: Lloyd Ostendorf recto, facsimile signature at lower right of print: Abraham Lincoln recto, below signature: "Lincoln picture from copyrighted illustration by Lloyd Ostendorf"
Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865; Lincoln, Nancy Hanks, 1784-1818
reproduction (derivative object)
[Physical ID#]: [Title], Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana, Mississippi State University Libraries.
Copyright protected by Mississippi State University Libraries. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required.
Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States)
Mississippi State University Libraries
Mississippi State University Libraries (electronic version).
For more information about the contents of this collection, email firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:c086b661-03bd-46ed-adaf-33730d190088> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-artifacts/3508/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.714902 | 397 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Josh Lederman at the Associated Press spent the final two paragraphs of his Wednesday evening report on a meeting between President Barack Obama and Israel's President Reuven Rivlin describing "the White House's annual Hanukkah celebration." He wrote that Rivlin "lit a menorah that was made in his homeland during the 1920s."
What was said before Rivlin lit the menorah should have been news. As seen in a Wednesday afternoon White House video, Rabbi Susan Talve essentially hijacked the event to praise a series of leftist causes, touching many of the Obama administration's pet projects along the way: open-ended immigration and "refugee" acceptance; Black Lives Matter "activists"; gun control; paranoia over "Islamophobia, and homophobia and transphobia"; and "justice for Palestinians as allies committed to peace."
Transcript (beginning at 8:49; politically provocative statements are in bold; note the frequent supportive cheers of the audience):
SUSAN TALVE: With all the schmutz in the world, can you believe that we are here with the President of the United States and the President of Israel celebrating Hanukkah, in the White House?
And I know we bring many people here with us, each and every one of us.
I stand here today with my 90-year-old father, whose parents fled the Ottoman Empire. And as they passed by Lady Liberty they planted within us the promise that the gates would stay open for all immigrants and all refugees who would come to build America.
And I also stand here with my fierce family of clergy and Black Lives Matter activists who took to the streets of Ferguson to stand firm until all members of the community would see God in the face of the other.
I stand here for two groups of St. Louis moms, one working to get the guns off of our streets, and the other working to get help clean up the fires of the toxic nuclear waste that are threatening our lives in St. Louis and throughout the country.
And, of course, I stand with my sisters who lit these lights at the Kotel this year.
I stand here to light these lights that say no to the darkness of Islamophobia, and homophobia and transphobia and racism and anti-Semitism and all the other isms that dare to dim our hope.
And I stand here, like President Rivlin said, the Maccabees of old who defied the culture of their time that said that destiny could not be changed, and instead they jumped in to write a new story that demanded freedom and equal opportunity for all.
And today, friends, we stand with the President of the United States and the President of Israel, who today stand together in this critical moment in history when we must do everything to ensure security for Israelis and justice for Palestinians as allies committed to a lasting peace for all people.
Ins'Allah, Ins'Allah, Ins'Allah, Ins'Allah.
As a mother with a son named for a fallen Israeli soldier and with a daughter living in Israel, I offer these blessings to inspire all of us to jump into the story, to stand up to those who try to fill us with fear and to dare to believe that we can make a better, less violent world for our children.
Remembering that the real miracle occurred when knowing that there was not enough oil, we still had the holy chutzpah to light that first candle, because we knew that godliness and goodness are beyond what we think we know, and there is always a chance, always a chance for something more, and something new.
The real miracle, that no matter how much violence there is in Paris, in California, or in the streets of our nations, we will respond with more love and more understanding and more compassion, and we will see that the good in us has grown like the lights of Hanukkah -- and in spite of all odds, like the Maccabees of old, we too, we too, will win.
Please join me in the blessing ...
"Ins'Allah" means "Allah willing" in Arabic. It's as if Talve believes, and wants us to believe, that Jews and Muslims worship the same god. Hardly.
How interesting it is that the "transcript" as presented at the Jewish Light web site in St. Louis "somehow" failed to note that Talve referred to the Islamic "god" four times.
Daniel Greenfield at FrontPageMag.com, who posted on what Talve said on Thursday, had the following reaction:
... Chanukah is a celebration of the Maccabees defeating a Syrian occupation, but Talve may not even know that. Radical clergy tend to be light on the religion and heavy on the social justice.
... Her behavior was deeply insulting to the religious Jewish community and made it clear that the White House was determined to hijack even a Chanukah party to promote an anti-Jewish agenda.
Given the Obama administration's behavior towards Israel during the past seven years, it seems more than a little likely that Talve was brought on to say things that the administration believes but doesn't dare have the President say.
Note that Talve's speech occurred during the afternoon Hanukkah party (Obama refers to an afternoon and evening party during remarks earlier in the video), and that the AP's Lederman reported as if he was there:
Later in the afternoon, Obama along with his wife, Michelle, hosted Rivlin for the White House's annual Hanukkah celebration. The Israeli president lit a menorah that was made in his homeland during the 1920s. "May we be inspired to create something beautiful and lasting in this world," Obama said. "May the warmth of family and friends around the world bring comfort and bring us joy."
Reception guests included lawmakers, Jewish leaders and Alan Gross, a Jewish-American released by Cuba in 2014 after five years in captivity.
Assuming that Josh Lederman really was there and saw what was shown on the video above, how is a Jewish rabbi pleading with "Allah" and going into a politicized rant which, among other things, praised the indisputably racist, violent, communist-supporting hateful Black Lives Matter group not news?
Cross-posted at BizzyBlog.com. | <urn:uuid:375fa0e2-b334-4de2-b7c1-d28aafa557ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/nb/tom-blumer/2015/12/13/ap-ignores-rabbis-outrageous-politicized-invocation-white-house | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.967708 | 1,297 | 1.882813 | 2 |
One of the many unique facts about Russian marriage is that the wedding service itself is usually quite tranquil. In contrast to the noisy and fussy ceremonies of American culture, an european wedding usually takes place in a church. The couple is with a best man and a maid of honor. The complete event can last a week, plus the couple is required to designate two witnesses. However , if the couple does not intend to have a church marriage, they may choose to have a civil commemoration instead.
In the United States, a civil service takes place about simple 15 to half an hour, and sometimes lovers choose to go it in before the genuine wedding. In traditional Russian Orthodox ceremonies, however , the few must become a member of a marriage certificate and choose a date to get married. This process may last from three to six months, and requires a lot of preparation. You will also find a number of persuits and traditions associated with Russian marriage.
In Russia, russian brides are real the ceremony is considered sacred, and the bride and groom will usually appear in front of a priest or perhaps registrar. Each will wear traditional wedding costumes and eat the very best foods. The bride’s mother-in-law will also assess the couple’s cooking skills, and definitely will often election on the sexuality of the couple’s first kid. There are many various other interesting details of Russian matrimony that you may find fascinating.
One of the most exceptional aspects of Russian weddings is they involve a regular wedding party, including a toastmaster and dancing. Traditionally, the bride’s is responsible for the marriage party, and her father and mother will serve the guests. The groom’s family may even placed on a full lunch break for the bride and groom. But this is far from normal. But you can expect a conventional wedding day as a special a single!
Russians aren’t in a hurry to marry. They would like to build a stable material groundwork before marriage. While they are often legally allowed to marry in age eighteen, not necessarily common to enable them to do so. In Japan, the common age of marital life is makes or thirty-four, even if many outlying residents like to marry by a much younger get older. Most of the more youthful generation wants some space for freedom.
The wedding is often a two-day event, and it consists of various customs, https://www.vogue.com/video/watch/miranda-kerr-christian-dior-wedding-dress-fitting-video including drinking out of one’s shoes or boots. Guests should be prepared because of this unique knowledge and be conscious of the Russian culture just before attending one. They can also take part in the traditional wedding game titles. They can also relish a romantic retreat together following the wedding. Therefore , what are the important points about Russian marriage? And really should you try it? It’s sure to make you as well as your beloved smile!
The main reason why Russians get married can be due to the Orthodox faith. The Orthodox community center is the main source of rules and regulations in Russian world, and it takes a formal chapel wedding ahead of it truly is legal. Additionally , Russian tradition also prohibits sex prior to marriage, and violators of this control are considered disgraced in the eyes of the along with the public. It could not a extremely pretty picture of your life in Russia, but there are a few fascinating facts about Russian matrimony that you must find out. | <urn:uuid:de7e481a-3675-4e2e-8e0e-0bc4534acc6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fidelys.lloyd.com.tn/interesting-facts-about-russian-marriage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96431 | 728 | 1.59375 | 2 |
- 1 What is usually written for theatrical performance?
- 2 What counts as a theatre performance?
- 3 How do you write a theatre performance review?
- 4 How do you write a theatre research paper?
- 5 What are three questions anyone critiquing a play should ask?
- 6 What makes a good drama performance?
- 7 What are the 6 elements of theatre?
- 8 What is the strongest asset of a theatre person?
- 9 What are the 4 elements of theatre?
- 10 How do you critique a performance?
- 11 How do you evaluate acting performance?
- 12 How do you Analyse a drama performance?
- 13 What are the 4 most common sources in a Theatre?
What is usually written for theatrical performance?
A play is a work of drama, usually consisting mostly of dialogue between characters and intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading. The term “play” can refer to both the written texts of playwrights and to their complete theatrical performance.
What counts as a theatre performance?
The performance involves living actors and a living audience, it is not filmed or broadcast, and there may even be a written play involved. So the kind of aesthetic liveness characteristic of what we normally think of as theatrical performances must involve interaction, or contention, between performers and audience.
How do you write a theatre performance review?
Try to give a brief description of the story. Outline the important themes and issues of the play. You should also discuss the director’s interpretation of the play and how the style and form of the play communicates the play’s themes. Describe and analyse the characters.
How do you write a theatre research paper?
- Define Your Thesis Statement. Your thesis statement should be clear and concise.
- Do Research.
- Title Page of Your Research Paper.
- Effects of Drama on Society: Shakespeare and Social Reform.
- Write Your Research Paper in a Structured Way.
What are three questions anyone critiquing a play should ask?
Terms in this set (6)
- 1st question. What is the play or production trying to do?
- 2nd. How well was it done?
- 3rd. Was it worth doing?
- What is the play of production trying to do. Trying to say.
- How well was it done. Was the play believable.
- Was it worth doing.
What makes a good drama performance?
musical theatre – usually clear, strong and dynamic speech and movement and lots of costumes, staging and effects are used to help communicate meaning. classical, eg Shakespeare or Ancient Greek – often no props or set are used, instead relying on clear speech and more exaggerated acting to communicate the action.
What are the 6 elements of theatre?
The 6 Aristotelean elements are plot, character, thought, diction, spectacle, and song. Below are the definitions I utilize to better understand the way in which each element helps me build a play.
What is the strongest asset of a theatre person?
Passion and enthusiasm are your strongest assets in making this dream a reality.
What are the 4 elements of theatre?
Let’s take a closer look at the four elements required to create theatre: script, process, product, and audience.
How do you critique a performance?
Be objective, fair, and sincere. Evaluate the entire production. Be constructive. Indicate good points along with those you felt needed improvement.
How do you evaluate acting performance?
1. Describe the physical characteristics of the actor: height, weight, body type, age, ethnicity, nationality, speaking style (including native language and accent), etc. Whatever you can find out about the natural person behind the acting performance will help you assess the quality of that performance. 2.
How do you Analyse a drama performance?
7 Ways to Analyze Plays
- Highlight the character’s names and notice the difference in the voices.
- Have students read aloud.
- Repeat readings over and over again.
- Watch performed scenes of the play.
- Look for figurative language.
What are the 4 most common sources in a Theatre?
In theatre writing, primary sources for the study of a specific production might include: the script; the theatre building and stage upon which the play was performed; the set and set designs/plans; the costumes and costume designs/renderings; the lights and light production; all kinds of mechanical recording ( | <urn:uuid:efdce874-5ee0-4846-a4cd-604520b7f861> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://happyyummychicken.com/interesting/quick-answer-what-is-the-paper-for-a-theatrical-performance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.927279 | 957 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Robin Hanson first proposed the idea of a “Great Filter” that has stopped any species from colonizing the galaxy. I’ve mostly heard it thought of as either something that prevents planets from reaching civilization levels close to ours (the leap to multicellular life is extremely improbable? too many planet-killer asteroids?), or disasters that destroy civilizations like ours before they’ve had a chance to expand past their home solar system (global nuclear war?).
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Click the link we sent to , or click here to sign in. | <urn:uuid:b2628be2-4400-4a82-9d57-e4d0f6b4c3a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deathisbad.substack.com/p/new-great-filter-just-dropped/comments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.920973 | 138 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Router SoC Functional Components
In a router SoC, packetized data arrives through input ports, is directed using a network of connections called the Switching Fabric (which can be thought of as wires connecting each component to every other), and leaves through output ports.
The router SoC keeps, in memory, a look-up table of addresses associated with each packet, and the processor uses various rule sets to determine the best path for sending data. It also listens in to keep tabs on network traffic, updating its "available" and/or "best" path for packets based on load levels.
The SoC's on-board memory maintains routing tables, consisting of network and host addresses. To determine the best path for delivering a packet to its destination, the routing table includes all known network addresses, instructions for connecting to other networks, possible paths between routers and a measure of distance between nodes or network addresses known in the form of cost functions. This on-board memory usually takes the form of flash or EEPROM. The size of the memory chip is less important than its speed.
By their nature, routers do not communicate directly with end devices like laptop or desktop computers, but with their network adapters. Each NIC has a network address—Ethernet switches, adapters, Wi-Fi transceivers and radios are all NICs.
Additional hardware can provide dedicated support to the main CPU. A cryptographic chip can offload encryption and hashing functions from the main processor. A dedicated load balancer can jump in to optimize different types of data streams—streaming video versus regular Web page browsing, for example. USB, SATA and other types of capabilities on routers are also added in the form of interface cards, often integrated right into the main processor board.
The architecture gets more complex when you consider that many routers also provide an xDSL, cable or cellular data modem. In this case, the router's interface card is the component that mediates data between the modem and switching fabric.
A modem modulates and demodulates digital signals into analog and vice versa, to be sent out over the "line"—cable or xDSL. However, we will not cover cellular modems in this article; those require architecture and protocol different from xDSL or cable modems. | <urn:uuid:420afea6-fa97-47da-ae7b-1b8ff1eebe47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/router-soc-101,4392-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9362 | 467 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve as a result of increased pressure within the eye, but can also be caused by a severe eye infection, injury, blocked blood vessels or inflammatory conditions of the eye.
There are two main types of glaucoma: Open-angle glaucoma and Angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma and involves fluid in the eye not draining properly through the trabecular meshwork. Angle-closure glaucoma involves a sudden buildup of pressure in the eye and poor drainage because the angle between the iris and the cornea is too narrow.
Many patients do not experience any symptoms during the early stages of glaucoma, including no pain and no vision loss. This makes it difficult for many patients to know if they have the disease. But as glaucoma progresses, patients may experience a loss of peripheral or side vision, along with sudden eye pain, headache, blurred vision or the appearance of halos around lights.
Since many patients do not experience any symptoms during the early stages of glaucoma, a diagnosis may only be made during a regular eye exam. It is important for patients, especially those with a higher risk of developing glaucoma, to have their eyes checked at least once a year.
Your doctor may perform several different eye exams in order to detect signs of glaucoma. Visual field testing is one of the most common tests performed, and involves creating a map to assess peripheral vision. Blind spots within the peripheral vision are often a warning sign for eye diseases like glaucoma.
The Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is one of the latest developments in diagnostic technology and is available at Prism Eye Institute. This testing system produces a highly detailed image of the structures and tissue within the eye to assess the thickness and health of the retina, macula, optic nerve and more, all without even touching the eye.
Eye on the latest in retinal diagnostic technology: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT™)
This high-tech equipment allows physicians to clearly see the inside of the eye and treat problems before they progress. With this tool, we can see a highly detailed image of the eye structure and tissues. It especially allows us to see the back of the eye to better measure the thickness of the retina, macula, and optic nerve This technology helps us to accurately monitor diseases and conditions such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. | <urn:uuid:970c1b97-e9e4-4bce-babd-ea6babf47460> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prismeyeinstitute.com/glaucoma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931082 | 535 | 3.5 | 4 |
In 2008, the local agent of the world famous Samsonite Corporation in Bangladesh initiated a criminal proceeding under the Penal Provision against a trader who imported counterfeit ‘Samsonite’ products.
The agent carried out investigation in the local markets through their own investigator and found counterfeit products in a famous market ‘Shahbagh Biponi Bitan.’ Accordingly, the agent informed the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB, special law enforcement battalion in Bangladesh) of this. The RAB team investigated the place and found the allegation to be true. It conducted raid on February 27, 2008 and arrested three people with a large number of counterfeit ‘Samsonite’ products.
The local police lodged criminal action under the penal provision. The infringers found no other alternative but to surrender to the local agent and accordingly disclaimed all the seized items, which included 310 big suitcases.
The matter was disposed of in February 2010 on the basis of out of court settlement.
This was one of the rare incidents where the intellectual property right (IPR) has been ensured in Bangladesh by the court. In the legal system of Bangladesh there is a strong structure of IPR law but because of the lack of proper enforcement it has become a practice to infringe IPR from different sectors, including piracy, using in different formats.
Bangladesh inherited the British Copyright Act-1911. In Pakistan it was amended in 1962 and after Independence in Bangladesh, Copyright Act-1974 was passed. It was further amended in 1978 and finally Copyright Act-2000 was introduced in 2000. This was further amended in 2006.
Related laws include Trade Marks Act 2009 and Trademarks Rules 1963, Copyright Act 2000 and Copyright Rules 2006, The Patents and Designs act 1911 and The Patent and Designs Rules 1933. The Patents and Design Acts, 1911, lay down the conditions of, and the procedure for, granting a patent, known as Letters Patent, for an invention.
The Trade Mark Act, 1963 governs the conditions and procedures for registration of trade mark. A Trade Mark may be registered only in respect of particular goods or all the goods included in a particular class of goods. The Bangladesh laws also make provision for effective means of enforcement of the interest of the IP right holders. The Bangladesh Penal Code, 1860, identifies a number of activities as criminal offences to enforce the right of the IP holders. Copyright office is administered by a Registrar under The Ministry of Cultural Affairs.
An affected copyright owner can seek remedies both in the form of civil and criminal action against an infringement of copyrights in Bangladesh according to the copyright Act –2000 (amended in 2005).
The constitution of Bangladesh 1972 in its article 40 and 42 also guaranteed the citizen’s right to property. And within the general definition of the property, property produced through creative thoughts can also be included.
The problem however is that these IP laws in Bangladesh are in a very premature form and a vast area of IP rights cannot be protected because of this. All these laws, specially, the patent law, don’t specifically describe the inventions that will be given protection. The implementation tools don’t seem to stand in a satisfactory level leaving the IP rights a poor protection. The registration of trade mark is also not compulsory.
Besides, the technological invention efforts in Bangladesh are negligible, so there is a strong opinion that, if a country has no meaningful technological activity then for that country, intellectual property rights are irreverent and will through economic burden on the country.
Because of these reasons, piracies in different sectors mostly go unabated. The lack of response is also evident in that the creative industry has been unable to establish a Collective Management Organization (CMO) which would further the interest of creators in protecting their rights. Thus, people involved in piracy are taking the advantage of this lack of co-ordination in Bangladesh’s creative industry and are continuing to sell counterfeit products.
One of the major hurdles with regard to stopping piracy is the lack of awareness among the creators as well as the general public. Most creators don’t have a comprehensive idea about their rights and their innocence regarding this issue is exploited by the corrupt people who are engaged in piracy.
Very few people understand that the pirated material they purchase is an act of crime, and a punishable offense. The general perception among people about pirated material is that these are cheap and are sold in front of law enforcement agencies openly; thus it is not a crime and considered a norm.
Therefore, what is required is a collective effort to trigger a paradigm shift both in terms of perception and practice to ensure IPR in Bangladesh. | <urn:uuid:d064b04c-3414-4c06-8ac8-371238268523> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.dhakatribune.com/feature/2016/12/05/ipr-in-bangladesh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.953809 | 945 | 2.515625 | 3 |
While much important attention has been placed on the history of redlining in housing, as well as on disparities in education, health care, and economic opportunity, among other areas, the inequities built into our transportation system have largely gone without widespread acknowledgment, discussion or correction. But it is perhaps the area where government power has most effectively placed physical barriers between low-income and Black and brown communities and the rest of America.
The Rondo neighborhood in Minneapolis was bifurcated by a freeway, as were Black communities in Brooklyn and Queens (I-278), Syracuse (I-81), Staten Island (Staten Island Expressway), New Orleans (Claiborne Expressway), Los Angeles (I-10), Seattle (I-5), and the list goes on. It wasn’t just highways; these physical separations were an offshoot of the times, and they embedded in the DNA of American infrastructure a fundamental flaw of planning and design.
After four years of unsuccessful “Infrastructure Weeks,” it is exciting to see the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act approach the finish line. While I find this accomplishment laudable, I would like to offer some perspective on what has been done already and what the Congress can do to advance our equity goals—whether in this legislation or in the future.
At the outset, I want to make clear that this issue does not belong in the partisan vortex. If one believes in freedom, a casual survey of the development of American infrastructure will reveal that individual freedoms and property have been sacrificed to build the system we enjoy today. These sacrifices resulted in unjust enrichment to areas spared by the installation of American infrastructure. We are only now scratching the surface of how the transportation system, whether intentionally or not, has adversely impacted so many communities of color.
Our infrastructure developed in the way that it did under both Democrat and Republican control over decades and, one may even argue, centuries. Beneath the new energy for transportation equity is a great desire to promote basic American values and extend those values to all of our people. If we can correct past and present practices, advocates say, we can build infrastructure that speaks to a renewed aspiration for national unity. I agree. For our national infrastructure to emerge as not only among our strongest economic weapons but also as a source of national unity and pride, it will take national, state, and local leadership, Democratic and Republican, over many years.
Eight years ago, I took the helm of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). I am proud to have been confirmed 100-0, and I believe our agency lived up to the bipartisan confidence placed in me. We pushed hard for the most recent transportation bill, the FAST Act, which President Obama signed into law in late 2015. We put forth the first comprehensive guidance for integrating autonomous vehicles, new rules for commercial drones, DOT’s first (and hopefully not last) Smart City Challenge to encourage mid-size cities to invest in “smart” transportation systems, and we enacted the auto industry’s fuel efficiency standards that stood the test of the previous Administration. But it is perhaps our efforts to build a more equitable transportation system that most flew under the radar—and is where so much work remains to be done.
President Biden and Secretary Pete Buttigieg have rightly pointed to the importance of equity as a national transportation priority. Yes, there are promising new technologies in the field of transportation. Yes, we live with the ongoing pervasive threats posed by climate change. Yes, our national infrastructure needs to be upgraded. But we have to recognize that these problems can all be addressed while still perpetuating policies and practices that shaped our infrastructure in so many unfortunate ways. This is a moment to position the American people and our economy to be fully unleashed and, to do so, we must consider policies that tear down walls between our people and include everyone in the American Dream. Transportation has historically drawn bipartisan support. Transportation equity should, too.
We need to get comfortable talking about it. In the Obama Administration, the acceptable language for tackling equity was “ladders of opportunity.” We rarely, if ever, spoke about “equity” or “race” in the context of transportation. I did not quibble with the ladders euphemism, even though I suspected the people served by these programs never knew what it meant. Despite that, our actions left a roadmap. TIGER (Transportation Investments Generating Economic Recovery) grants were awarded in rural and urban America. I was as proud of the 18 bridges we built in Mississippi as I was of the dilapidated buses we replaced in Detroit. We put bike trails in Montana as well as in Los Angeles. We brought community leaders to the Department, walked them through the public input process, and gave them tools to influence the process more effectively. We worked with several communities and their state and local DOTs to reimagine infrastructure, which, in a previous generation, had destroyed vital neighborhoods. When Alabama attempted to close DMV locations in Black areas after passing voter identification legislation, we used Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to investigate and force the state to reverse course. I believed then, and still do today, that our efforts were critical building blocks to national economic and social unity. But we were working within the limited parameters of our executive authority.
I wish our Administration had leaned harder into the equity discussion as part of doing our work. If this work was important to the nation, and it was, we owed it to all Americans to tell them not only what we were doing but why. Just as we needed to speak directly to Black and brown communities about our efforts to undo past damage, we also needed to address the poor and struggling white American. We were working for them, too, and there are many projects approved by our Administration to evidence that. Even so, administrations come and go. Priorities change, and some important and transformative work can die on the vine. That’s why this moment matters—and why a further push on equity is needed. The scope of this challenge requires enduring commitment to ensure that the effort continues long into the future.
Why? Even with systematic improvements, consistent attention to equity and adequate funding, our physical infrastructure—roads, bridges, transit systems, rail, airports, and the like will be built, repaired or torn down one project at a time. Thus, under the best-case scenario, it will take years, decades even, before the system reflects a better balance of equity considerations.
Today, the USDOT toolbox is limited and can be expanded only through congressional action. Billions of dollars flow through the U.S. Department of Transportation annually, but most of the dollars are automatically directed to the states or local governments. Typically, states build highways, determine their routes, pick the contractors, manage public input, and so forth. While federal performance standards exist, the states literally grade themselves. With precious few strings attached to so much of the Department’s funding, and with fragmented decision-making, the federal government is impotent to do much more than suggest. As Secretary, I asked governors—Republican and Democratic—to publicly commit to three principles of equity in transportation that would be applied to all future projects. Only three were willing to do so. I would like to think, in light of recent events, that the number would be higher today.
Funding Projects That Promoted Equity
With the limited tools we had, we honed in on the areas where we had greater discretion. For example, when Congress gave the Department funding to issue grants, we could use criteria that included “opportunity” as a consideration when awarding grants. Beginning in 2015, we inserted equity (“opportunity”) considerations into the TIGER (now BUILD) program, transit capital investment grants, the Smart City Challenge, and a one-time bus and bus facilities initiative. Inclusion of this new criterion prompted a variety of responses from state project sponsors. Some did little more than vaguely assert that their projects promoted equity, while others really dug in and reimagined projects in fresh ways.
The Smart City Challenge proved to be one of the most innovative grant programs we did; it could easily have focused only on technology and not at all on equity. By including equity as one of many criteria, however, cities looked at a wide array of ways to make sure technology could reduce barriers to transportation. In the case of the eventual winner, Columbus, Ohio, a city with a serious infant mortality problem, Mayor Andrew Ginther and the local team took a thoughtful, innovative approach to tackling this issue. It included making apps available for people without smart phones, and without bank accounts or credit cards, so that they could use those apps to generate medical appointments and bus trips. Columbus’s leadership recognized that if they didn’t make their transportation system smart for their most marginalized citizens then it did not achieve their goals; success would therefore be measured by a lower infant mortality rate, which would be achieved through strengthening access to prenatal doctor appointments. I refer to the practice of writing equity criteria into grant-making as one of “teaching the system” to work better because project sponsors, in responding to such criteria, can develop a broader sense of how their work can create opportunity and connection within a community.
There is an important lesson here for the bipartisan infrastructure bill: While the $1 billion proposed for equity programs is a good start, the real mission should be ensuring that all of the investments bear the mark of a nation committed to healing itself through equity.
And while past injustices in Native American areas, Black communities, and Hispanic communities are clear, rural America too faces great inequities in its transportation access. We could not afford to perpetuate the artificial lines between urban and rural Americans, so we worked to demonstrate how opportunity can be promoted in both places. In rural Mississippi, our efforts helped 18 new bridges get built. We put new trails in Montana and Florida, and new highways in eastern Kentucky. These projects created “ladders of opportunity,” too.
Notwithstanding our efforts to push this issue using executive authority, there were entire categories of projects that fell more to the states and local governments. Upwards of 80 percent of sidewalk dollars flow from state and local budgets. The data, however, showed that fewer than half of low-income neighborhoods have adequate sidewalks. This statistic can be extrapolated to bike lanes and other pedestrian and bicycle features. Not coincidentally, pedestrian and bicycle deaths are highest in these communities. The federal government has no dedicated program to close this gap, but that can change, too.
We had other opportunity initiatives as well: Ladder Step and Every Place Counts engaged local and state departments of transportation to improve design and implementation practices across the country by identifying certain projects, old and new, and making them the connective tissue twenty-first century infrastructure should be. Moreover, we thought about making it easier for these agencies to hire people who live in underserved communities to build these projects. This led to a local hire initiative and new apprenticeship and training programs targeting women and people of color.
Some will say that the Department has a huge stick in Title VI, and it does. However, in my experience, it takes extraordinary circumstances and a White House willing to take on a fight to utilize it. We updated decades-old Title VI guidance and aggressively used this authority. When Alabama closed down federally supported drivers licensing offices in largely Black areas, we forced them to reopen. In a state that had just passed a voter identification bill, this action had the further benefit of ensuring that Black voters would not face a transportation barrier to obtaining an identification card. In Corpus Christi, Texas, we negotiated a settlement that relocated community members residing in the path of a new highway connected to a $1 billion bridge. This predominantly Black and brown community was already boxed in by a ship channel, refineries, and an interstate highway; the proposed highway would have meant complete isolation. The full exercise of Title VI power will require the strong backing of the Biden White House—and early indications are that they will, as we see another controversial project in Texas, I-45, undergoing Title VI review. Even so, the bar for Title VI is incredibly high—more lower grade tools are needed to correct course.
With the death of so many Black people at the hands of law enforcement, as well as renewed energy directed to rid our nation of its tortured history on race, there is an opening to do even more than we could five short years ago. The work of embedding equity and racial justice is clearly among President Biden’s and Secretary Buttigieg’s top priorities. As well, we have a broad constituency of Americans who do not want to carry past divisions into the future.
As the resources begin to flow and projects begin to get built, communities will grapple with what they should build, why it should be built, and how to go about building it. We must also have a real debate about what transportation equity means and what role the federal government should play in promoting it. Here are a few additional policy ideas intended to broaden the thinking about transportation equity:
- Renewed federal operating support of transit agencies. The level of transit funding in the proposed legislation is, at present, a point of contention. Let me complicate the matter further by pushing for an expansion in how future funding can be put to use. Transit agencies fill a gap that no other transportation provider can fill: accessible and affordable transportation for masses of people. The federal government has long since abdicated its role in supporting the operations of these systems. Supporting transiton a long-term basis will relieve some of the burden of operating these systems within cities. Moreover, there will be initiatives to promote free transit in many areas of the country. The federal government has an interest in every single American having access to jobs, education, housing, and health care. Transit is a critical resource to that end.
- Reset and build upon existing inclusion programs. Many minority- and women-owned construction firms have entered federal programs designed to launch greater diversity in the field. While some growth has occurred, many of these firms are stuck in the very programs designed to help them. For many disadvantaged businesses, the net-worth requirements are so low that many good businesses become ineligible before they achieve stability. For this reason, almost none of the minority-owned and disadvantaged businesses could ever graduate to become prime contractors because they are “locked in” as small businesses and reliance upon larger companies to choose them in the bidding process. By now, we should have seen numerous national firms emerge to compete with incumbent contractors. We have not. That needs to change, and a pathway to such growth within federal programs can be developed. Moreover, bonding requirements exclude many from participation at all because many firms capable of performing cannot afford the bonds. There should be greater government assistance to back these bonds, a longer glide path for businesses that add value, and an emergence of diverse firms that land prime contracts all across America. To be clear, this is not a request for guarantees; it is a plea for opportunity.
- Establish equity standards and enforce them. The federal government transfers large sums of money to states and local communities and yet delegates much of the decision-making to those entities. To the extent that performance measures have been attached to federal funds, states largely grade their own progress. Let’s apply some equity-focused performance measures to entities receiving federal transportation funds. For example, we should expect diversity on transportation boards and among leadership of public transportation staff. Most states have an appointed transportation board, and those boards generally lack diversity. Given the historical record, there is a strong case for the federal government torequire states to include women and people of color by withholding funds if they fail to do so. When it comes to public input and construction contracts, the federal government should penalize states that run perfunctory input process or tolerate failure in their minority participation programs. The USDOT also needs a range of penalties to impose for such failures beyond the nuclear option of terminating federal funding altogether. While this ultimate tool should be in the mix, I have found that lesser penalties can achieve the desired outcome and minimize political drama.
- Launch a federal task force to examine bias in new transportation technologies. Advances in computing power and emerging technologies are beginning to create new opportunities to apply machine learning in a multitude of ways that could potentially enhance people’s lives and improve the way we move around our communities. However, there are substantiated concerns about algorithmic bias and discrimination embedded in some models, even if unintentional. Policymakers should better understand the design and development of machine learning models and algorithms deployed in the transportation sector. This is an opportunity for government to encourage increased collaboration between industry, academia, and equity groups, and advance principles of ethicaland humanistic design and algorithms in order to instill greater public trust in the use of transportation
- Create a national planning commission. As the Bible says, without vision, the people perish. We need a team of experts who keep America’s infrastructure vision on the horizon. I would suggest a Chief National Planner (think: Jerome Powell) with a term of 10 years and a board—just like the Federal Reserve. This group would work to assess the needs, priorities, policies, and practices of our nation’s system overall. While I imagine the work of this group to be plenary, we lack a consistent, coherent voice on our national transportation system. America would be well served by someone who could keep the discussion about our transportation needs, and its connection to our economic growth, quality of life, and national healing, well-examined and fact-based between administrations. There are excellent people out there who would do a marvelous job of helping us think about how the different parts of our transportation system fit together. Mitchell Silver, a former commissioner for the New York City Parks Department and a planner by profession, is one such person but there are many who would be outstanding. Most cities have a planning commission of some sort. Why not America? We already know that our national economy is concentrated around 11 mega regions. The transportation systems in each of these mega regions is governed by different states, different cities and towns, and different planning organizations. Administrations come and go, as do their priorities. We need longer-term thinking at the national level to keep us on track.
- Support more local funding and hiring. Regional planning organizations should be allotted much more funding and ability to jumpstart projects than is afforded today. Rather than running their funding allocations through the states, I would recommend experimenting with direct funding with strong performance standards.We piloted a local hiring program during the Obama Administration that enabled project sponsors to employ people who lived close to transportation projects. One such hire, LeDaya Epps, a single mom in Los Angeles, took advantage of this program; she got trained and helped build the Crenshaw Light Rail segment in her own neighborhood. We should make every effort to hire people who live nearby and engage firms that value diversity in every way, including previously incarcerated individuals. Secretary Buttigieg has reinstated this pilot program after the Trump Administration scrapped it; it should be codified into law and made permanent.
- A commission to review past practices and resources to address economic damage. There is significant evidence that, in the early days of the Interstate Highway System, federal dollars were utilized to implement slum clearance programs that dispossessed people not only of their property but also of the real value of that property. In a nation that values property as a linchpin of wealth creation and dignity, it would be shameful if, as I believe the evidence will show, local and state governments imposed eminent domain and applied the post-eminent domain values to compensate property owners. A commission could be formed to retrace our steps and, if necessary, award proper compensation to families that were setback by this nation’s transportation progress. We should examine every mode of transportation for similar past practices.
- Initiate a federal building program. Not since the interstate highway itself has the federal government launched a massive building campaign to upgrade American infrastructure. A national committee of experts has already assembled a list of projects of national significance at the demand of Congress. The time has come to fund these projects through a dedicated program, and rather than passing the funds throughto the states to construct them, the federal government should build at least some of them, especially those that cross state lines and find themselves sidelines by politics and election cycles. The Hudson River tunnels and the Brent Spence Bridge are two examples, but there are many more. Indoing so, the federal government could develop and model best practices of context sensitivity and community input needed at the state and local levels, design its own inclusion programs, and literally Build Back Better.
This is not an exhaustive list, and I recognize that many of these ideas may be panned as politically unworkable. My intention here is to push for a real debate on this topic with real policy ideas that will significantly move the needle. I am extremely encouraged by the Biden Administration’s call for equity—from transportation infrastructure, to broadband, to housing, to reinforcing the electric grid and to greening our transportation system. They have given momentum to a long overdue debate about equity in infrastructure and efforts to drive action through policy by giving the USDOT a more expanded role in building bridges between Americas, real and metaphorical.
Many have said that now is the time for difficult conversations, but that’s not exactly right. It’s a time for difficult actions. Those actions will spur important conversations in the context of actually getting things done on the ground. Making our transportation system equitable will take decades and will occur one project at a time. That said, setting the intention for corrective action and beginning the work anew is one of the great promises of the Biden Administration. But it is not their work alone. We, as Americans, have to understand it not as a fashionable political exercise but as a core principle of growth and development from now on. It is work that holds promise to knit our country together more cohesively than ever before, and for that reason, it must be more than a Democratic or Republican imperative. It must be an American one. | <urn:uuid:6566b4dd-37e1-47d9-a157-6788cf855e5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://democracyjournal.org/arguments/its-time-for-transportation-equity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.962739 | 4,554 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Antivirus application is the best way to look after your computer via viruses, spyware and adware, and other trojans. It also removes existing spyware from your laptop. It can detect and prevent the spread of recent infections. Its main goal is to protect your system from attacks by malicious program. This kind of software is often called anti-malware. Below are a few of it is features. You are able to download and install that in the protection of your home. Yet , it’s important to consider that ant-virus software might not be suitable for all computers.
A great antivirus https://newitsystems.net/top-7-review-aspects-avast-or-kaspersky-in-2020/ software is going to scan all types of files and applications, which include emails and app downloads available. It will also check the internet just for malicious code. Once they have detected a problem, it will block the wearer’s computer by further an infection. It also helps prevent the user from visiting websites with unsafe codes. That is why antivirus software is essential. You can utilize it to defend your computer coming from online hazards. It will alert you if your computer has been attacked by infections, and will prevent it right from spreading.
A few of the latest secureness threats concentrate on personal computer users. Using antivirus security software software can help protect your laptop or computer from a number of malicious hazards. The program offers several strategies to detect these types of threats. It will also block a number of types of malware. A few of these features include behavior-based detections. As soon as the software provides analyzed the files, it is going to identify the type of malware they’ve downloaded and engine block it. These kinds of features make it a perfect formula for users who use a PC with multiple users. | <urn:uuid:68658094-03a3-43e9-9c80-1c5590b6b114> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aienglish.com.au/2021/11/17/anti-virus-software-the-best-way-to-shield-your-computer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94661 | 384 | 2.828125 | 3 |
How Is The NFT Marketplace Platform Developed?
By Suzanne Dieze
NFTs are immutable ownership records of digital assets based on blockchain technology. They are quite well-liked, particularly in the world of art and collectors. NFTs are useful for a variety of things besides digital artwork. NFTs can be used to access limited-edition goods or sales, publish next-generation music ownership, and buy digital lands in virtual worlds. This represents a startling 704% increase from the prior quarter. People are increasingly investing thousands of dollars on NFTs, demonstrating their faith in the potential of the technology and, in some cases, as a sign of social prestige.
NFT consumers are expanding, which is resulting in more traffic on NFT Marketplaces. Last year, the top NFT marketplaces were OpenSea and Magic Eden. Popular games were CryptoPunks and Axie Infinity. In fields like play-to-earn games, digital art collections, and fundraising initiatives, these marketplaces are highly sought-after.
What Is An NFT Marketplace?
As the name implies, NFT marketplace is a decentralised platform that enables users to produce, purchase, and exchange non-fungible tokens. Global NFT trading and minting are made possible by the NFT marketplace. Transparency, immutable recording, and transparency of digital asset tokenization and trading are all guaranteed by blockchain as the underlying technology. The marketplace also includes NFT storage.
All facets of digital asset management, including music, gaming, and the arts, are seeing a rapid rise in the use of NFT marketplaces. As a result of the success of Metaverse projects, NFT marketplaces are growing in popularity and relevance.
The characteristics of NFT marketplaces are evolving over time. Problems with NFT interoperability, such as a lack of connectivity, are being fixed. Markets for NFTs currently provide cutting-edge features like cross-chain bridging and NFTs tailored to certain industries. Additionally, they support interoperability with numerous metaverse projects and NFT switching.
Consider the market niche before you begin constructing your NFT Marketplace project. Beyond niche, there are numerous layers to take into account, including the blockchain protocol, architecture design, and NFT storage protocol. Everything you require to know regarding the growth of the NFT marketplace is covered in this information.
What does NFT Marketplace mean?
Many digital businesses are currently considering entering the marketplace sector. The implementation of efficient NFT marketplace development solutions has led to a noticeably larger growth in the NFT market. With their own NFT marketplaces, two digital IT giants, Kraken and Coinbase, are entering the industry. A top-tier IT technology partner with years of experience in a variety of NFT Marketplace Development Services from which you can choose based on your particular business requirements, Suffescom Solutions Inc. is the recommended company for that. Additionally, the results have been astounding in the short time since the launch, demonstrating that NFTs are, without a doubt, the way of the future.
Before delving into the specifics of how the NFT marketplace operates, it is crucial to comprehend it from the client's point of view. The majority of NFT platforms use a similar workflow. Users must register and construct a digital wallet before they can store NFTs.
Users can generate assets by uploading stuff to showcase their work. You can decide which payment tokens you want to accept for your artwork and, if the platform suggests it, you can even set a price. The user can then list goods for sale. You have the option of making an auction offer or a set price bid. A deal is formed when something is put up for sale.
How do you begin developing the NFT marketplace?
You are knowledgeable about the NFT marketplaces and the various platform kinds, thus you ought to be able to pinpoint the target audience and issues that your platform addresses.
It's crucial to decide which features, NFT standards, and technological stacks are best for your market.
You can add the following features to the NFT Marketplace:
Storefront: The storefront of an item in an NFT marketplace should include all relevant details, such as previews, owners, bids, and price history.
Filters: Website navigation is made simpler with filters, especially if you're building a marketplace for a lot of collectibles. Users can sort products using the filters feature according to the listing status, payment method, category, collection, and price.
Searching for particular products: Users should be able to search collectibles on a marketplace platform for NFT if tags and category management are supported. The website has a search bar that you can use, and you may create categories.
Publish listings: Collectibles made by users should be able to be submitted. Users can upload files and complete the token information, including the description, tags, and name, using this tool.
Buy and Offer: The NFT marketplace platform should provide a function that enables users to bid and purchase NFTs. Bid expiration dates and information about the current bid status should be included in bidding features.
Wallet: The NFT Marketplace Platform should have a wallet that enables users to store, send, and receive non-fungible tokens. By offering customers an already connected wallet, this feature may be readily incorporated. You may, for instance, incorporate well-known wallets like Coinbase, Formatic, or MyEtherWallet.
Beyond gaming and digital arts, NFTs have countless use cases, which offers fantastic prospects for multinational corporations. Looking back at the evolution of NFT, from cryptocurrency kittens and in-game collectibles to decentralised finance, is amazing. NFTs are used by the DeFi sectors for a variety of purposes, including commercialising digital goods and services, handling collateralization issues, storing ownership value, and more. NFTs have thus become essential for transforming the majority of worldwide businesses, and as a result, they continue to enjoy wildly increasing appeal. | <urn:uuid:72f14b0f-f626-45cc-916f-e75cd789ebbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://topsoftwarecompanies.co/technology/how-is-the-nft-marketplace-platform-developed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.938687 | 1,248 | 1.960938 | 2 |
by Richard Petraitis
A student approached me in the classroom the other day and related to me a bizarre tale of a man who claimed he was an actual shaman! As this account went, the man had met the student at a restaurant and proceeded to tell the student and his girlfriend that he was an actual shaman who had received his training in India. (India is not exactly a hotbed of shamanism. Websters dictionary defines a shaman as "a person who acts as intermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, using magic to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual forces, etc." Shamanism is Northern Asian in origin, where it is still practiced among some of the indigenous people of Siberia.) I requested that my student, if he encountered the "shaman" again, inquire how this shaman received his training in the predominantly Hindu and Sikh country of India, known for yogis and holy men, not shamans!
However, going away from my usual attack on those who claim paranormal powers, with questions targeted on how these powers defy known scientific laws, I will let American history provide the examples that disprove the claims any "modern day" American shamans have to magical powers. History has shown that shamans had no magic powers, even when practiced by those who genuinely held those beliefs in our own past the Native Americans. Please trust me when I tell you that the Native Americans had every reason to use their best sorcery against an invading enemy, the Europeans. Starting with Columbus, Cortes, and Pizarro, and ending in the last Indian battles for the Americas, like the tragic stand at Wounded Knee in the Dakotas, history records that one shaman after another used his best incantations and spells to fight the European invaders and to protect his tribes warriors, but to no avail. Superior weapons, devastating diseases, and a continuing colonial land grab, despite the fierce, desperate fighting by the Native Americans, overwhelmed the original people of the Americas. Lets closely study the specific accounts of shamanism being used to fight the European enemy during the Indian Wars, fought over a period of four hundred years. Magic was attempted by Native American shamans, unsuccessfully, to stop European invaders of the various Native American nations.
After the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, European exploration and colonization of the Americas accelerated at a rapid pace. The people of the Americas would become forcefully awakened to a newly arisen and aggressive culture, that of Western Europe. The Aztec emperor, Montezuma, head of a militaristic empire and a believer in the power of sorcerers, had a number of these shamans present in his court. When the Spanish adventurer, Hernando Cortes, landed with his small army near present-day Veracruz, Mexico, Montezuma sent his best sorcerers to bewitch the consquistadors with powerful spells. The spells didnt work and the magicians attributed the impotency of their magical arts to the conquistadors "hardskins," a possible reference to the armor they wore as protection against Aztec weapons. Unable to thwart the army of Cortes with magic, the Aztec empire would also be unable to prevent an advance on its capital of Tenochitlan. The Spanish arrival at the capitol city of the Aztecs would be the beginning of the end for Montezuma and his people. The land of Mexica changed rulers, despite Aztec resistance by physical and magical means. As one example, during a siege of the Aztec capital, in 1521, Aztec priests performed ceremonies, including human sacrifices, and promised the beleaguered population that Cortes and his Indian allies would be delivered by their god of war into Aztec hands in eight days. Unfortunately, the situation failed to change militarily, and the population became completely demoralized. They had already been disillusioned when Cortes didnt turn out to be their returning god, Quetzalcoatl!
Native American shamans, usually men because of the male hierarchy of most Indian tribes, claimed to have the ability to foretell the future using divination and vision quests. Despite the numerous shamans and medicine men among the five hundred Native American nations prior to 1492, none of these men of magic used their special powers to foresee and to prepare their people to repel the future European invasion. The Incan emperor, Atahuallpa, in 1532, was caught completely by surprise with the news of white men disembarking from ships on the Peruvian coast. Incan diviners and augurs also had no previous clue to the impending invasion, despite their repoire with the spirit world. (However, one coastal chieftain, who brought news of the Spaniards arrival to Atahuallpa, did give the Incan emperor sage advice to silence the Spanish cannon -- pour Incan beer down the barrel to appease the thunder god inside of it.) The coastal Atlantic Native Americans were similarly surprised by the first arrivals of Europeans to their shores, despite the tribal shamans and seers in their midst. Why didnt the Native Americans have any warning regarding their ultimate conquest by enemy nations with all the supernatural wonder-working talent on their side? Why no visions of sailing ships coming to their shores, laden with military adventurers, colonists, and slavers?
During the War of 1812, intense fighting raged across North America. Various Indian peoples were in the process of losing their ancestral homes, east of the Mississippi River, to the advancing American colonists. In 1811, an Indian confederacy was being forged by the Shawnee chief, Tecumseh, to combat the troops of the United States, which was then approaching war with England. Tecumsehs brother, Tenskwatana, "The Prophet," claimed special powers after he manipulated knowledge of an eclipse gained from British officers to awe potential allies into joining his brothers confederacy. While Tecumseh was away on a recruitment campaign, "The Prophet" decided to attack an American army encamped nearby. Tenskwatana convinced hundreds of Shawnee warriors and their allies that his magic would cause the bullets of U.S. soldiers to melt like water. Unfortunately, just like paranormalists of today, Tenskwatana failed to deliver. November 6, 1811, spelled disaster for Tecumsehs plans at the battle of Tippecanoe, and a loss in his prestige among the Indian tribes because of his brothers claim to perform magic. A ferocious assault by Indian warriors was beaten back by American volleys of gunfire, and the Indian army at Prophetstown was dispersed before the forces of a future president, William Harrison, then the governor of Indiana. Prophetstown was burned to the ground and Tecumsehs dream of a giant Indian confederacy became a casualty of magical thinking. (Tecumseh almost killed his brother while enraged over the fiasco.)
In 1814, a "Tecumseh-inspired" uprising by the Creek Indian nation, the "Red Stick" war, was led by a number of "divinely-inspired" prophets who claimed special powers for use against any enemy, especially the white man. After the Red Stick destruction of Ft. Mims, three American armies launched a retaliatory invasion of the Creek lands. A Creek Indian village, named Red Eagles Town, also known as the "Holy Ground," was allegedly protected by these Creek prophets. They claimed to have cast an invisible barrier around the village which would destroy any white soldier crossing it. On December 23, 1914, American troops stormed the town at bayonet-point, with only one American casualty away from the village, forcing the Creek warriors to beat a hasty retreat after suffering much heavier casualties of their own. It can be safely said that the credibility of the Creek prophets among their people probably fell a little that day. (A similar situation occurred when Zuni priests had attempted to stop the advance of conquistadors during the sixteenth century by drawing a line with sacred corn, which was immediately breeched by a Spanish cavalry charge.) Yet another defeat for those claiming supernatural powers found in the history books!
How about another example of shamanic failure in aiding a people caught in a life and death struggle for survival? By the late nineteenth century, the tribes of North America had fought a long and losing battle against the encroaching settlers of America. The United States had managed to confine the remaining tribes to a number of reservations by the use of military force. There would be one more drama of resistance played ou in the West, that of Wounded Knee, South Dakota. A Paiute Indian named Wovoka started a religious movement called the Ghost Dance, which anticipated a return of lands to the Indians. Many of his followers were Sioux Indians, a once proud Plains people who had resisted the white man by successful adoption of horses and firearms.
Wovoka claimed supernatural powers; he claimed the dead would come back and restore the land to the Indians. Wovoka told his followers that they would be protected from the bullets of the United States cavalry by the wearing of "Ghost shirts." The movement grew for two years and reached its zenith with an armed confrontation, on December 21, 1890, at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. The confrontation started over an attempt to disband a large number of Sioux Indians, as the U.S. army moved to arrest the leaders of the Ghost Dance movement. While some Sioux warriors were surrendering their weapons, a firefight broke out between the two sides. Two Hotchkiss guns, early machine guns, raked the Sioux band, leaving nearly three hundred dead men, women, and children. Native American magic had lent, via Ghost shirts and magical thinking, a false sense of invincibility. It was a tragic ending to a brave, warrior nation.
What are we to make of the growing number of people in America who are advocates of a return to shamanistic thinking (currently disguised as New Age thinking), which often had tragic consequences for many cultures around the world against the aggressive European powers and their technologically advanced armies? From suburban shamans, urban witches, and spirit mediums to a belief in the power of crystals, can we in the nation of America be laying the foundation for a future tragedy?
The claim to perform magic by tapping into a spirit world has failed no only historical tests, but scientific tests also. All pseudoscience, magical powers included, vanish before the scientific method and the test of history. So, if anyone every walks up to you in a restaurant and claims he or she is a shaman, please ask that person why the Native American nations, top-heavy culturally with medicine men and shamans, failed to repel the European invasion of their continent, or to save their people from the ravages of new diseases introduced by the Europeans. Only in the twentieth century have the Native American populations started to recover their lost numbers, after a rude awakening from their supernatural world-view. Let none of us embrace pseudoscience as a pathway to manipulating the physical universe around us. History offers countless examples of tragedy linked to such an outlook. Through an ignorance of history, as a famous man once stated, you may be doomed to repeat it.
Richard Petraitis teaches at Riverside Brookfield, Illinois, High School. This summer, he is teaching an enrichment class on pseudoscience and the debunking of the paranormal. | <urn:uuid:75a5e1c3-dbd8-45bf-8099-ee783cdc06e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://reall.org/newsletter/v05/n05/shamans-of-suburbia.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.966513 | 2,317 | 2.671875 | 3 |
John 10:10 – “Satan comes to steal, kill and destroy, but I come that you might have life and have it more abundantly.”
“Rescue those being led away to death; hold back those staggering toward slaughter. If you say, ‘But we knew nothing about this,’ does not He who weighs the heart perceive it? Does not He who guards your life know it? Will He not repay each person according to what he has done?”
This past Sunday was “Sanctity of Human Life Sunday.” Across America there are sermons addressing the value of human life and reminding us what God has to say about this gift He has given each of us.
The reason we observe this special day is to protest the slaughter of the innocent unborn that has been going on in our country for many years, and to bring awareness to God’s people about this sin in our society.
Let me say in the beginning, that there is NO SIN that God will not forgive. And there are NO CONSEQUENCES that God cannot heal!
God is “pro life!” The Scripture teaches that His people are to be pro life, for God is all about life and life abundantly!
Therefore, in any protest we involve ourselves in, violence, or any other destruction of property or life would NOT be God’s way of opposing this ill in our society!
The Value of Human Life
“For You formed my inward parts; You knitted me together in my mother’s womb. 14 I praise You, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are Your works; my soul knows it very well. 15 My frame was not hidden from You, when I was being made in secret, intricately woven in the depths of the earth. 16 Your eyes saw my unformed substance; in Your book were written, every one of them, the days that were formed for me, when as yet there was none of them.”
- Who is it that gives life?
- Who is it that forms the baby in the womb?
- Who is it, in His appointed time, will take life?
- It is God Almighty and Him alone!
We either believe the Bible or we do not. The subject of abortion does NOT come with an exemption when it comes to Life!
I have heard people say, “I will do with my body what I want to do?” What’s wrong with that statement?
- First of all, the statement is quite prideful, arrogant and misguided. It is God who will do with our bodies what He chooses to do since He is the Creator – we are the created!
- Secondly, the child in the womb is NOT the body of the mother; it is a separate, distinct creation of God!
For example, remember, over a decade ago when Jeff Peterson was found guilty for not only killing his wife, but killing his unborn child as well? What hypocrisy!
What about the teenage Christian girl who finds herself pregnant while still in school? In some cases, I have heard that the “Christian” parents have agreed with the daughter to get an abortion! What hypocrisy!
Abortion is not so much terminating a pregnancy, it is murdering a child, a child of God’s creation!
I see this blatant hypocrisy in the news almost every day:
- There are many who will vehemently defend the rights of animals, but NOT the unborn child.
- There are many who would like to remove every gun from the American people, for fear that someone might become a victim of a shooting, but they have no problem pulling the trigger on abortion at any stage in pregnancy.
- There are those who would have the government determine what discipline is correct for our children, but have no problem taking the child’s life in the womb! What hypocrisy!
Defending Human Life
2 Corinthians 10:3-5 – “For though we walk in the flesh, we are not waging war according to the flesh. 4 For the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh but have divine power to destroy strongholds. 5 We destroy arguments and every lofty opinion raised against the knowledge of God, and take every thought captive to obey Christ, 6 who is ready to punish every disobedience, when your obedience is complete.”
Abortion has long been a demonic stronghold in our society. In the “Judgment of the Nations,” (Matt. 25) America will have to give an account before Jesus Christ!
Praise God, abortions are on the decline! Praise God, Congress has recently voted to defund Planned Parenthood! But there is still a battle to be won. What can we do?
- Prayer and Protests must continue.
- Speak out for Life whenever we get an opportunity.
- Vote for candidates who are pro life.
- Support you local Crisis Pregnancy Center.
- Educate our children about the truth of the sin of abortion.
When the Lord sees His people standing strong for what He desires, and defending the most helpless humans on earth (the unborn child), He will then step in and do the rest!
May it be that we will look back in a few short years and say, “Praise God, we have overcome the two greatest crimes against humanity in our nation’s history:
- The Evil of Slavery
- The Killing of the Unborn Child!”
Questions for Reflection
- Have you or someone close to you been part of an abortion? Have you found forgiveness through Jesus Christ?
- Have you made the issue of abortion a matter of prayer and fasting?
- Have you been faithful to lovingly speak out in defense of the unborn? | <urn:uuid:3381e280-f8be-4967-8faf-a78661acc5a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifeeducationcouncil.com/blog/2016/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960743 | 1,224 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Almond milk is a nutritious, low-calorie drink that has become famous all around the world. It's great and suitable for those who cannot choose or refuse to drink fresh milk because of how it tastes. This almond milk is an age-old healthy secret to build up immunity in kids, improve eyesight, build stronger bones, remove constipation and provide adequate nutrition for picky eaters. It has a pleasant nutty flavor, and a creamy texture similar to regular milk.
Almond milk contains no cow’s milk or other animal products, making it a great option for people following a vegan diet and for those who are lactose intolerant unable to completely digest it, or probably allergic to any kind of milk. Usually, extra nutrients such as calcium, vitamin E, and vitamin D are added to it to boost its nutritional content. You can find almond milk in most supermarkets, usually in the health food section.
For your information, not all almond milk is the same. Homemade almond milk and certain brands might contain a much higher number of calories, depending on how many almonds were added to the mixture. If you have ever been struggling with a family refusing to have milk, then this recipe is a must-try. This almond milk is so delicious, creamy, flavorful, and refreshing that anyone will just love it. However, it is also very easy to make at home. All you need is a blender, some water, and a few more ingredients as I'll be sharing a quick almond milk recipe below for you to try at home.
- 20 to 25 almonds (soaked and blend as a paste)
- 3 cups of hot water (for soaking)
- 1 teaspoon clarified butter
- 6 cashew nuts (roasted and chopped)
- 2 tablespoon raisins
- 1/4 cup honey
- 1/4 teaspoon cardamom powder
- 2 tablespoon pistachios (for garnishing)
- 3 cups of fresh milk
- In a medium pot, add 3 cups of fresh milk.
- Stir well, and get the milk to a boil.
- Simmer and boil for 15 minutes or until the milk thickens.
- Now add in prepared almond paste and stir well.
- Boil for about 5 minutes or until the milk thickens and turns creamy
- Further, add 1/4 cup of sugar, stir and boil for 2 minutes.
- Then add 1/4 teaspoon cardamom powder, chopped roasted nuts, and mix well.
Finally, enjoy your homemade almond milk garnished with a few chopped pistachios and raisins. Generally, if you have never tried almond milk before you will probably think that it overwhelmingly tastes like almond. | <urn:uuid:ebc270b1-d2ff-4cfc-8884-175e5aed8490> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freshbulkonline.com/homemade-natural-almond-milk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946359 | 563 | 1.835938 | 2 |
support area to seek professional advice or peer opinions.There are a number of platforms where you can help yourself to accomplish your goals. You can learn about, implement and troubleshoot your issues using the provided resources. Apart from the below resources, you may also make use of our
The API is available to perform core functions of the control panel and more programmatically. It is a powerful resource and a great alternative to managing your services through our conventional web control panel.
The Blog area keeps you connected with everything from us. Get the latest information on new product releases, trending tech topics, discounts and sales as well as tips&tricks on how to use your service.
DNS Records are basically mapping files that tell the DNS server which IP address each domain is associated with, and how to handle requests sent to each domain. This section introduced different types of DNS records and how they are used.
The IP Update Protocol is used to control the state of dynamic DNS and email services. This HTTP/HTTPS based protocol has been in use since 1997 for Dynu services and the latest version is 2.4.21.
Network tools provide various tools including DNS lookup, Ping, Port Check, Location By IP etc. You may utilize these tools to diagnose issues for your services.
The Support area provides you with information, updates and instructions regarding our products and services. You will find various materials to help you navigate and use your DDNS services and domain names. Let our experts help you get the most out of your solution.
The Tutorials page is composed of a number of tutorials on how to use the services and how to set up your devices. Each tutorial has step to step guides to help you make the best use out of Dynu services. | <urn:uuid:a483e840-eabe-4471-a521-df7b7352a6a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://downloads.dynu.com/Resources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934146 | 360 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Sadness is a normal reaction to a loss, disappointment, problems, or other difficult situations. Feeling sad from time to time is just another part of being human. In these cases, feelings of sadness go away quickly and you can go about your daily life.
Other ways to talk about sadness might be ‘feeling low,’ ‘feeling down,’ or ‘feeling blue.’ A person may say they are feeling ‘depressed,’ but if it goes away on its own and doesn’t impact life in a big way, it probably isn’t the illness of depression.
Depression is a mental illness that affects your mood, the way you understand yourself, and the way you understand and relate to things around you. It can also go by different names, such as clinical depression, major depressive disorder, or major depression. Depression can come up for no reason, and it lasts for a long time. It’s much more than sadness or low mood. People who experience depression may feel worthless or hopeless. They may feel unreasonable guilty. Some people may experience depression as anger or irritability. It may be hard to concentrate or make decisions. Most people lose interest in things that they used to enjoy and may isolate themselves from others. There are also physical signs of depression, such as problems with sleep, appetite and energy and unexplainable aches or pains. Some may experience difficult thoughts about death or ending their life (suicide). Depression lasts longer than two weeks, doesn’t usually go away on its own, and impacts your life. It’s a real illness, and it is very treatable. It’s important to seek help if you’re concerned about depression.
Where can I learn more?
- HeretoHelp’s depression screening self-test can help you see the difference between low mood and possible depression
- Depression info sheet
- What is depression? booklet in plain language for lower-literacy readers
- Managing Depression series
- The Mood Disorders Association of BC, a provincial organization that supports people who experience depression and other mood disorders
About the author
The Canadian Mental Health Association promotes the mental health of all and supports the resilience and recovery of people experiencing a mental illness through public education, community-based research, advocacy, and direct services. Visit www.cmha.bc.ca.
Q&A is for readers who want to take charge of their well-being, support a friend or loved one, find good help, or just learn more about mental health and substance use. Here, the information and resource experts at HeretoHelp will answer the questions that we’re asked most often. We'll offer tips and information, and we'll connect you with help in BC, Canada. If you have a question you’d like to ask, email us at [email protected], tweet @heretohelpbc, or log in to HeretoHelp and post a comment on this page. | <urn:uuid:15e6ce65-73fa-467e-bc5e-250a41b4ac7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/q-and-a/whats-the-difference-between-sadness-and-depression | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941371 | 620 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Is Bath and Body Works Safe For Your Skin?
I grew up on Bath and Body Works skincare and I wish I could be taking that statement back! I remember as a little girl my mom would buy me the roll on glitter, in fact I still have a small bottle that was given to me as my grandfather for Christmas one year before he passed away. Guess I hung onto it just as a keepsake of his memory, but has come in handy for this! I have been bath and body works lotion and spray free for about a year now. I still currently use their hand soaps in my bathroom because my boyfriend enjoys the scent of them, but after doing some more digging on BBW lotions I will be putting two bottles at the both sinks from now on!
Did you know that there are over 100,000 skin care chemicals in the industry and the FDA tests less than 10% of these for safety? In 2009, the number of chemicals banned in cosmetics in the European Union (E.U.) was over 1,100, while here in the United States only 9 were banned at that time. So what’s the big deal? Well the big deal is that your skin is your second largest organ, and absorbs up to 80% of what you put on it! So if you wouldn’t put the ingredient in your mouth, why would you put it on your skin?! What’s even worse is that children will absorb up to 40-50% more than an adult would because their bodies are still growing and wiring its body systems. These toxic exposures will put a child more at risk for diseases later in life.
Here is a list of the BBW ingredients that are toxic for you:
- Methylparaben & Proplparaben: It has been directly linked to breast cancer and has been found within the breast cancer tumors. In mice it had weak estrogenic effects which caused damage to the sperm formation in the testes. It may contribute to sterility in males, hormone imbalances in females, and cause early puberty. This can also be found in deodorants, hair care, and many other skincare products. A relative of methylparaben, sodium methylparaben has been banned in the E.U. Some other common names for paraben’s are ethyl-, butyl-, and isobutyl- all ending with paraben. These do not have to be labeled, so sometimes companies will not list it in the ingredients panel.
- Butylene Glycol: Is found in anti-freeze and break and hydraulic fluid! It can cause an increased skin reaction in people with sensitive skin. The Material Safety Data Sheet has linked it to kidney problems, headaches, cell death, and swelling. The EPA considers it so toxic that they are required to wear proper gloves, clothing, and goggles when handling and must be buried when disposing. It can also be called Propylene Glycol. It can be found in other products such as baby lotions, toothpaste, makeup, aftershave, and hair care products.
- Isopropyl Alchohol: May cause premature aging of your skin! This too is also found in anti-freeze and as a solvent in shellac. It strips the skin of its natural acid mantle, promoting the growth of bacteria. It can cause headaches, flushed skin, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and mental depression according to A Consumer’s Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients.
- Butylphenyl Methylpropanal: This fragrance ingredient is a known endocrine disruptor and can cause organ system toxicity. It has been banned in the E.U.
- Tetrasodium EDTA: Contains formaldehyde and is a known skin and lung irritant.
- Disodium EDTA: Is a neurotoxin linked to brain damage and liver changes in animals.
- Benzyl Salicylate: Is an endocrine disruptor, causes skin reactions, and is toxic to our environment.
- BHT: This fragrance has been linked to organ system toxicity and is a known skin, eye, and lung irritant.
- Diazolidinyl Urea: This chemical releases formaldehyde into your body! There is strong evidence that it is a skin toxicant and allergen. The Mayo Clinic, says formaldehyde can irritate the respiratory system, cause skin reactions, trigger heart palpations, immune system toxicity, and cancer in humans. Exposure may cause joint pain, depression, headaches, dizziness, loss of sleep, chronic fatigue, ear infections, allergies, and chest pains. It can also trigger asthma and aggravate colds! Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen that is found in Johnson and Johnson baby care products, skincare, antiperspirants, and hair dyes.
- Ceterareth-20: This ENHANCES the absorption of all of those above chemicals! Yuck!
If you are already buying organic foods to avoid the pesticide, herbicide, and other toxic exposures why aren’t you doing the same for your second largest organ?! This is why I started using Pangea Organics Skincare because I know I don’t have to worry about being exposed to toxic chemicals! Visit my website for more information about the organic purity behind these products. http://www.pangeaorganics.com/Food4URSkin.
Thank you for reading my first blog post! This will be among the many that I do along my journey to empower those around me to take back control of their own health!
Healthy Holistic Healings, | <urn:uuid:698a57e1-01cc-4a47-b4bc-2b6cacd251aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthyholistichealings.wordpress.com/2013/08/29/caution-bath-and-body-works-products-could-be-hazardous-to-your-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951135 | 1,166 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Inside this paper:
Teaching Shakespeare’s language to Year 8 advanced bilingual learners
A pedagogic rationale, sample teaching materials and evaluation of a sequence of three lessons on the prologue from Romeo and Juliet
Mathematical collaborative learning activities: the linguistic benefits for bilingual learners
Overcoming the mismatch between linguistics and mathematical ability. | <urn:uuid:abb00d13-88a3-4263-8ca3-beee61ba9a0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naldic.org.uk/publications/naldic-shop/naldic-practice-paper-5-eal-practice-concerning-shakespeare-and-mathematics-online/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.802656 | 90 | 3.0625 | 3 |
If you’re lucky enough to get to travel abroad, you know it’s getting easier and easier to use our phones and other gadgets to translate for us. So why not do so in a way that makes sense to you? This little gadget seeking funds on Kickstarter looks right up my alley, offering quick transcription and recording — plus music playback, like an iPod Shuffle with superpowers.
The ONE Mini is really not that complex of a device — a couple of microphones and a wireless board in tasteful packaging — but that combination allows for a lot of useful stuff to happen both offline and with its companion app.
You activate the device, and it starts recording and both translating and transcribing the audio via a cloud service as it goes (or later, if you choose). That right there is already super useful for a reporter like me — although you can always put your phone on the table during an interview, this is more discreet, and of course a short-turnaround translation is useful, as well.
Recordings are kept on the phone (no on-board memory, alas) and there’s an option for a cloud service, but that probably won’t be necessary, considering the compact size of these audio files. If you’re paranoid about security, this probably isn’t your jam, but for everyday stuff it should be just fine. (Data will never be used for commercial purposes or sold to third parties, the creators said, only for helping train a user-specific language model. You don’t need an account, and they’re GDPR compliant.)
If you want to translate a conversation with someone whose language you don’t speak, you pick two of the 12 built-in languages in the app and then either pass the gadget back and forth or let it sit between you while you talk. The transcript will show on the phone and the ONE Mini can bleat out the translation in its little robotic voice.
Right now translation online only works, but I asked and offline is in the plans for certain language pairs that have reliable two-way edge models, probably Mandarin-English, Mandarin-Korean, and Mandarin-Japanese.
It has a headphone jack, too, which lets it act as a wireless playback device for the recordings or for your music, or to take calls using the nice onboard mics. It’s lightweight and has a little clip, so it’s probably better than connecting directly to your phone in many cases.
There’s also a 24/7 interpreter line that charges two bucks a minute that I probably wouldn’t use. I think I would feel weird about it. But in an emergency it could be pretty helpful to have a panic button that sends you directly to a person who speaks both the languages you’ve selected.
I have to say, normally I wouldn’t highlight a random crowdfunded gadget, but I happen to have met the creator of this one, Wells Tu, at one of our events, and trust him and his team to actually deliver. The previous product he worked on was a pair of translating wireless earbuds that worked surprisingly well, so this isn’t their first time shipping a product in this category — that makes a lot of difference for a hardware startup
He pointed out in an email to me that obviously wireless headphones are hot right now, but the translation functions can be spotty and battery life is short. This adds a lot of utility in a small package.
Right now you can score a ONE Mini for $59, which seems reasonable to me. They’ve already passed their goal and are planning on shipping in June, so it shouldn’t be a long wait. | <urn:uuid:3fb887df-84d4-48ab-bb92-bcd47ecbeec4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gizmocrazed.com/2019/04/this-little-translator-gadget-could-be-a-traveling-reporters-best-friend/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947909 | 768 | 1.515625 | 2 |
A Law of Comparative Judgment
Louis L. Thurstone
University of Chicago
The object of this paper is to describe a new psycho-physical law which may be called the law of comparative judgment and to show some of its special applications in the ,measurement of psychological values. The law of comparative judgment is implied in Weber's law and in Fechner's law. The law of comparative judgment is applicable not only to the comparison of physical stimulus intensities but also to qualitative comparative judgments such as those of excellence of specimens in an educational scale and it has been applied in the measurement of such psychological values as a series of opinions on disputed public issues. The latter application of the law will be illustrated in a forthcoming study. It should be possible also to verify it on comparative judgments which involve simultaneous and successive contrast.
The law has been derived in a previous article and the present study is mainly a description of some of its applications. Since several new concepts are involved in the formulation of the law it has been necessary to invent several terms to describe them, and these will be repeated here.
Let us suppose that we are confronted with a series of stimuli or specimens such as a series of gray values, cylindrical weights, handwriting specimens, children's drawings, or any other series of stimuli that are subject to comparison. The first requirement is of course a specification as to what it is, that we are to judge or compare. It may be gray values, or weights, or excellence, or any other quantitative or qualitative attribute about which we can think `more' or `less' for each specimen. This attribute which may be assigned, as it were, in differing amounts to each specimen defines what we shall call the psychological continuum for that particular project in measurement.
As we inspect two or more specimens for the task of comparison there must be some kind of process in us by which we react differently to the several specimens, by which we identify the several degrees of excellence or weight or gray value in the specimens. You may suit your own predilections in calling this process psychical, neural, chemical, or electrical but it will be called here in a non-committal way the discriminal process because its ultimate nature does not concern the formulation of the law of comparative judgment. If then, one handwriting specimen seems to be more excellent than a second specimen, then the two discriminal processes of the observer are different, at least on this occasion.
The so-called `just noticeable difference' is contingent on the fact that an observer is not consistent in his comparative judgments from one occasion to the next. He gives different comparative judgments on successive occasions about the same pair of stimuli. Hence we conclude that the discriminal process corresponding to a given stimulus is not fixed. It fluctuates. For any handwriting specimen, for example, there is one discriminal process that is experienced more often with that specimen than other processes which correspond to higher or lower degrees of excellence. This most common process is called here the modal discriminal process for the given stimulus.
The psychological continuum or scale is so constructed or defined that the frequencies of the respective discriminal processes for any given stimulus form a normal distribution on the psychological scale. This involves no assumption of a normal distribution or of anything else. The psychological scale is at best an artificial construct. If it has any physical reality we certainly have not the remotest idea what it may be like. We do not assume, therefore, that the distribution of discriminal processes is normal on the scale because that would imply that the scale is there already. We define the scale in terms of the frequencies of the discriminal processes for any stimulus. This artificial construct, the psychological scale, is so spaced off that the frequencies of the discriminal processes for any given stimulus form a normal distribution
( 275) on the scale. The separation on the scale between the discriminal process for a given stimulus on any particular occasion and the modal discriminal process for that stimulus we shall call the discriminal deviation on that occasion. If on a particular occasion, the observer perceives more than the usual degree of excellence or weight in the specimen in question, the discriminal deviation is at that instant positive. In a similar manner the discriminal deviation at another moment will be negative.
The standard deviation of the distribution of discriminal processes on the scale for a particular specimen will be called its discriminal dispersion.
This is the central concept in the present analysis. An ambiguous stimulus which is observed at widely different degrees of excellence or weight or gray value on different occasions will have of course a large discriminal dispersion. Some other stimulus or specimen which is provocative of relatively slight fluctuations in discriminal processes will have, r similarly, a small discriminal dispersion.
The scale difference between the discriminal processes of two specimens which are involved in the same judgment will be called the discriminal difference on that occasion. If the two stimuli be denoted A and B and if the discriminal processes corresponding to them be denoted a and b on any one occasion, then the discriminal difference will be the scale distance (a — b) which varies of course on different occasions. If, in one of the comparative judgments, A seems to be better than B, then, on that occasion, the discriminal difference (a — b) is positive. If, on another occasion, the stimulus B seems to be the better, then on that occasion the discriminal difference (a — b) is negative.
Finally, the scale distance between the modal discriminal processes for any two specimens is the separation which is assigned to the two specimens on the psychological scale. The two specimens are so allocated on the scale that their separation is equal to the separation between their respective modal discriminal processes.
We can now state the law of comparative judgment as follows:
Si and S2 are the psychological scale values of the two compared stimuli.
x12 = the sigma value corresponding to the proportion of judgments p1>2. When p1>2 is greater than .50 the numerical value of x12 is positive. When p1>2 is less than .50 the numerical value of x12 is negative.
σ1 = discriminal dispersion of stimulus Rl.
σ2 = discriminal dispersion of stimulus R2
r = correlation between the discriminal deviations of R1 and R2 in the same judgment.
This law of comparative judgment is basic for all experimental work on Weber's law, Fechner's law, and for all educational and psychological scales in which comparative judgments are involved. Its derivation will not be repeated here because it has been described in a previous article. It applies fundamentally to the judgments of a single observer who compares a series of stimuli by the method of paired comparison when no `equal' judgments are allowed. It is a rational equation for the method of constant stimuli. It is assumed that the single observer compares each pair of stimuli a sufficient number of times so that a proportion, pa>a, may be determined for each pair of stimuli.
For the practical application of the law of comparative judgment we shall consider five cases which differ, in assumptions, approximations, and degree of simplification. The more assumptions we care to make, the simpler will be the observation equations. These five cases are as follows:
Case I.—The equation can be used in its complete form for paired comparison data obtained from a single subject when only two judgments are allowed for each observation such as `heavier' or `lighter,' `better' or `worse,' etc. There will be one observation equation for every observed proportion of judgments. It would be written, in its complete form, thus:
< insert formula 1 >
According to this equation every pair of stimuli presents the possibility of a different correlation between the discriminal deviations. If this degree of freedom is allowed, the problem of psychological scaling would be insoluble because every observation equation would introduce a new unknown and the number of unknowns would then always be greater than the number of observation equations. In order to make the problem soluble, it is necessary to make at least one assumption, namely that the correlation between discriminal deviations is practically constant throughout the stimulus series and for the single observer. Then, if we have n stimuli or specimens in the scale, we shall have 2 n(n — I) observation equations when each specimen is compared with every other specimen. Each specimen has a scale value, S,, and a discriminal dispersion, al, to be determined. There are therefore 2n unknowns. The scale value of one of the specimens is chosen as an origin and its discriminal dispersion as a unit of measurement, while r is an unknown which is assumed to be constant for the whole series. Hence, for a scale of n specimens there will be (2n — i) unknowns. The smallest number of specimens for which the problem is soluble is five. For such a scale there will be nine unknowns, four scale values, four discriminal dispersions, and r. For a scale of five specimens there will be ten observation equations.
The statement of the law of comparative judgment in the form of equation I involves one theoretical assumption which is probably of minor importance. It assumes that all positive discriminal differences (a — b) are judged A > B, and that all negative discriminal differences (a — b) are judged A < B. This is probably not absolutely correct when the discriminal differences of either sign are very small. The assumption would not affect the experimentally observed proportion p A> a if the small positive discriminal differences occurred as often as the small negative ones. As a matter of fact, when p A> a is greater than .50 the small positive discriminal differences (a — b) are slightly more frequent than the negative perceived differences (a — b). It is probable that rather refined experimental procedures are necessary to
( 178) isolate this effect: The effect is ignored in our present analysis.
Case II.—The law of comparative judgment as described under Case I refers fundamentally to a series of judgments of a single observer. It does not constitute an assumption to say that the discriminal processes for a single observer give a normal frequency distribution on the psychological continuum. That is a part of the definition of the psychological scale. But it does constitute an assumption to take for granted that the various degrees of an attribute of a specimen perceived in it by a group of subjects is a normal distribution. For example, if a weight-cylinder is lifted by an observer several hundred times in comparison with other cylinders, it is possible to define or construct the psychological scale so that the distribution of the apparent weights of the cylinder for the single observer is normal. It is probably safe to assume that the distribution of apparent weights for a group of subjects, each subject perceiving the weight only once, is also normal on the same scale. To transfer the reasoning in the same way from a single observer to a group of observers for specimens such as handwriting or English Composition is not so certain. For practical purposes it may be assumed. that when a group of observers perceives a specimen of hand-writing, the distribution of excellence that they read into the specimen is normal on the psychological continuum of perceived excellence. At least this is a safe assumption if the group is not split in some curious way with prejudices for or against particular elements of the specimen.
With the assumption just described, the law of comparative judgment, derived. for the method of constant stimuli. with two responses, can be extended to data collected from a group of judges in which each judge compares, each stimulus with every other stimulus only once. The other assumptions of Case I apply also to Case II.
Case III.—Equation 1 is awkward to handle as an observation equation for a scale. with a large number of specimens. In fact the, arithmetical labor of constructing an educational or psychological scale with it is almost prohibitive. The
( 179) equation can be simplified if the correlation r can be assumed to be either zero or unity. It is a safe assumption that when the stimulus series is very homogeneous with no distracting attributes, the correlation between discriminal deviations is low and possibly even zero unless we encounter the effect of simultaneous or successive contrast. If we accept the correlation as zero, we are really assuming that the degree of excellence which an observer perceives in one of the specimens has no influence on the degree of excellence that he perceives in the comparison specimen. There are two effects that may be operative here and which are antagonistic to each other.
(1) If you look at two handwriting specimens in a mood slightly more generous and tolerant than ordinarily, you may perceive- a degree of excellence in specimen A a little higher than its mean excellence. But at the same moment specimen B is also judged a little higher than its average or mean excellence for the same reason. To the extent that such a factor is at work the discriminal deviations will tend to vary together and the correlation r will be high and positive.
(2) The opposite effect is seen in simultaneous contrast. When the correlation between the discriminal deviations is negative the law of comparative judgment gives an exaggerated psychological difference (Sl— S2) which we know as simultaneous or successive contrast. In this type of comparative judgment the discriminal deviations are negatively associated. It is probable that this effect: tends to be a minimum when the specimens have other perceivable attributes, and that it is a maximum when other distracting stimulus differences are removed. If this statement should be experimentally verified, it would constitute an interesting generalization in perception.
If our last generalization is correct, it should be a safe assumption to write r = 0 for those scales in which the specimens are rather complex such as handwriting specimens and childrens’ drawings. If we look at two handwriting specimens and perceive one of them as unusually fine, it probably tends to depress somewhat the degree of excellence
( 180) we would ordinarily perceive in the comparison specimen, but this effect is slight compared with the simultaneous contrast perceived in lifted weights and in gray values. Furthermore, the simultaneous contrast is slight with small stimulus differences and it must be recalled that psycho-logical scales are based on comparisons in the subliminal or barely supraliminal range.
The correlation between discriminal deviations is probably high when the two
stimuli give simultaneous contrast and are quite far apart on the scale. When
the range for the correlation is reduced to a scale distance comparable with the
difference limen, the correlation probably is reduced nearly to zero. At any
rate, in order to simplify equation i we shall assume that it is zero. This
represents the comparative judgment in which the evaluation of one of the
specimens has no influence on the evaluation of the other specimen in the paired
judgment. The law then takes the following form.
Case IV.—If we can make the additional assumption that the discriminal dispersions are not subject to gross variation, we can considerably simplify the equation so that it becomes linear and therefore much easier to handle. In equation (2) we let
σ2 = σ1+d,
in which d is assumed to be at least smaller than al and preferably a fraction of σ1 such as .1 to .5. Then equation (2) becomes
Equation (3) is linear and very easily handled. If σ2 – σ1 is small compared with σ1, equation (3) gives a close approximation to the true values of S and σ for each specimen.
If there are n stimuli in the scale there will be (2n – 2) unknowns, namely a scale value S and a discriminal dispersion σ for each specimen. The scale value for one of the specimens may be chosen as the origin or zero since the origin of the psychological scale is arbitrary. The discriminal dispersion of the same specimen may be chosen as a unit of measurement for the scale. With n specimens in the series there will be ˝ n(n – 1) observation equations. The minimum number of specimens for which the scaling problem can be solved is then four, at which number we have six observation equations and six unknowns.
Case V.—The simplest case involves the assumption that all the discriminal dispersions are equal. This may be legitimate for rough measurement such as Thorndike's hand-
( 282) -writing scale or the Hillegas scale of English Composition. Equation (2) then becomes
But since the assumed constant discriminal dispersion is the unit of
measurement we have
S1– S2 = 1.4142x12.(4)This is a simple observation equation which may be used for rather coarse scaling. It measures the scale distance between two specimens as directly proportional to the sigma value of the observed proportion of judgments pl>2. This is the equation that is basic for Thorndike's procedure in scaling handwriting and children's drawings although he has not shown the theory underlying his scaling procedure. His unit of measurement was the standard deviation of the discriminal differences which is .707σ when the discriminal dispersions are constant. In future scaling problems equation (3) will probably be found to be the most useful.
WEIGHTING THE OBSERVATION EQUATIONS
The observation equations obtained under any of the five cases are not of the same reliability and hence they should not all be equally weighted. Two observed proportions of judgments such as pl>2 = .99 and pl>3 = .55 are not equally reliable. The proportion of judgments pl>2 is one of the observations that determine the scale separation between Sl and S2. It measures the scale distance (S1— S2) in terms of the standard deviation, σ1–2, of the distribution of discriminal differences for the two stimuli RI and R2. This distribution is necessarily normal by the definition of the psychological scale.
The standard error of a proportion of a normal frequency distribution is
(283) in which a is the standard deviation of the distribution, Z is the ordinate corresponding to p, and q = 1–p while N is the number of cases on which the proportion is ascertained. The term a in the present case is the standard deviation al—2 of the distribution of discriminal differences. Hence the standard error of p1>2 is
But since, by equation (2)
and since this may be written approximately, by equation (3), as
= .707(σ1 + σ2) (7)
The weight, wl–2, that should be assigned to observation equation (2) is the reciprocal of the square of its standard error. Hence
It will not repay the trouble to attempt to carry the factor (σl + σ2)2 in the formula because this factor contains two of the unknowns, and because it destroys the linearity of the observation equation (3), while the only advantage gained would be a refinement in the weighting of the observation equations. Since only the weighting is here at stake, it may be approximated by eliminating this factor. The factor .5 is a constant. It has no effect, and the weighting then becomes
By arranging the experiments in such a way that all the observed proportions are based on the same number of judgments the factor N becomes a constant and therefore has
284) no effect on the weighting. Hence
This weighting factor is entirely determined by the proportion, p1>2 of
judgments ` I is better than 2' and it can therefore be readily ascertained by
the Kelley-Wood tables. The weighted form of observation equation (3) therefore
wS1 – wS2 – .707wx12σ2 – .707wx12σ1 = o.(12)This equation is linear and can therefore be easily handled. The coefficient .707wx12 is entirely determined by the observed value of p for each equation and therefore a facilitating table can be prepared to reduce the labor of setting up the normal equations. The same weighting would be used for any of the observation equations in the five cases since the weight is solely a function of p when a factor is ignored for the weighting formula.
A law of comparative judgment has been formulated which is expressed in its complete form as equation (I). This law defines the psychological scale or continuum. It allocates the compared stimuli on the continuum. It expresses the experimentally observed proportion, p1>2 of judgments ‘I is stronger (better, lighter, more excellent) than 2 ' as a function of the scale values of the stimuli, their respective discriminal dispersions, and the correlation between the paired discriminal deviations.
The formulation of the law of comparative judgment involves the use of a new psychophysical concept, namely, the discriminal dispersion. Closely related to this concept are those of the discriminal process, the modal discriminal process, the discriminal deviation, the discriminal difference. All of these psychophysical concepts concern the ambiguity or qualitative variation with which one stimulus is perceived by the same observer on different occasions.
The psychological scale has been defined as the particular linear spacing of the confused stimuli which yields a normal
( 285) distribution of the discriminal processes for any one of the stimuli. The validity of this definition of the psychological continuum can be experimentally and objectively tested. If the stimuli are so spaced out on the scale that the distribution of discriminal processes for one of the stimuli is normal, then these scale allocations should remain the same when they are defined by the distribution of discriminal processes of any other stimulus within the confusing range. It is physically impossible for this condition to obtain for several psychological scales defined by different types of distribution of the discriminal processes. Consistency can be found only for one form of distribution of discriminal processes as a basis for defining the scale. If, for example, the scale is defined on the basis of a rectangular distribution of the discriminal processes, it is easily shown by experimental data that there will be gross discrepancies between experimental and theoretical proportions, p1>2. The residuals should be investigated to ascertain whether they are a minimum when the normal or Gaussian distribution of discriminal processes is used as a basis for defining the psychological scale. Tri-angular and other forms of distribution might be tried. Such an experimental demonstration would constitute perhaps the most fundamental discovery that has been made in the field of psychological measurement. Lacking such proof and since the Gaussian distribution of discriminal processes yields scale values that agree very closely with the experimental data, I have defined the psychological continuum that is 1-implied in Weber's Law, in Fechner's Law, and in educational quality scales as that particular linear spacing of the stimuli which gives a Gaussian distribution of discriminal processes.
The law of comparative judgment has been considered in this paper under five cases which involve different assumptions and degrees of simplification for practical use. These may be summarized as follows.
Case I.—The law is stated in complete form by equation (I). It is a rational equation for the method of paired comparison. It is applicable to all problems involving the method of constant stimuli for the measurement of both
( 286) quantitative and qualitative stimulus differences. It concerns the repeated judgments of a single observer.
Case II.—The same equation (1) is here used for a group of observers, each observer making only one judgment for each pair of stimuli, or one serial ranking of all the stimuli. It assumes that the distribution of the perceived relative values of each stimulus is normal for the group of observers.
Case III.—The assumptions of Cases I. and II. are involved here also and in addition it is assumed that the correlation between the discriminal deviations of the same judgment are uncorrelated. This leads to the simpler form of the law in equation (2).
Case IV.—Besides the preceding assumptions the still simpler form of the law in equation (3) assumes that the discriminal deviations are not grossly different so that in general one may write
σ2 — σl < σl
and that preferably
σ2 — σl=d
in which d is a small fraction of σl.
Case V.—This is the simplest formulation of the law and it involves, in addition to previous assumptions, the assumption that all the discriminal dispersions are equal. This assumption should not be made without experimental test. Case V. is identical with Thorndike's method of constructing quality scales for handwriting and for children's drawings. His unit of measurement is the standard deviation of the distribution of discriminal differences when the discriminal dispersions are assumed to be equal.
Since the standard error of the observed proportion of judgments, p1>2,
is not uniform, it is advisable to weight each of the observation equations by a
factor shown in equation (II) which is applicable to the observation equations
in any of the five cases considered. Its application to equation (3) leads to
the weighted observation equation (12). | <urn:uuid:f1eb819b-f01b-4e39-95d4-e0b4885421be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Thurstone/Thurstone_1927f.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.935704 | 5,162 | 2.25 | 2 |
“Over the Rainbow,” a joint discussion sponsored by PRIDE! Kent and the United Christian Ministries in the student center last night, allowed members of the Kent community to voice their opinions of the relationship between Christianity and homosexuality.
A member of both organizations, Kent State sophomore Darren Stevenson, the orchestrator of the event, sought to unite the two groups in a respectful, educational discussion, using the documentary “For the Bible Tells Me So” as a focal point.
Stevenson interspersed discussion prompts with clips from the video, which reconciles Biblical arguments with homosexual lifestyles, to encourage insight from attendees.
“The struggle between faith and sexuality . . . leads a lot of people to hate themselves and ultimately end their lives,” Stevenson said. “The more we can continue this conversation, . . . the more acceptance and tolerance we can have in the world. I just wanted to get people thinking.”
Most in attendance agreed that LGBT-friendly religious organizations need a more solid, unified movement in order to stand up against their formidable conservative opposition.
Another topic that sparked much discussion was the context of the Biblical passages that mention homosexuality. Some said the Old Testament was clear in its stance on gay behavior, but they admitted the material was outdated; others stated the language in the Old Testament never definitively labeled homosexuality as a problem. Most concurred that the New Testament is far more open-minded on the subject than its precursor.
After viewing the video, KSU freshman Katelyn Stouffer said she was struck most by learning about the varying ways in which the Bible’s words could be interpreted.
“Because it was a different culture and a different time period, [words] meant different things,” Stouffer said.
The group also discussed the nature of genetics in the manifestation of homosexuality; some believed genes entirely determine one’s sexuality and others endorsed a balance of genetics and circumstance.
Stevenson ended the program with a verse from “Corinthians” that he said summarized his purpose.
“And now these three remain: faith, hope, and love. But the greatest of these is love,” Stevenson recited.
Stevenson said he felt that the seminar made a big difference in the minds of its attendees.
“One of the people came up to me at the end of the program and mentioned that he was not a Christian, but if there were more Christians like us, he would have a lot less headaches,” Stevenson said. “[The discussion] painted a picture differently in his mind. That was one small example of its success.”
By allowing Kent gays and Christians this respite over the rainbow, Stevenson said he feels he provided them with the courage to question one another, the brains to recognize reason, and the hearts to express acceptance. | <urn:uuid:75981579-8858-42ad-b1e0-f412d7f25f06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ohiofusion.com/2010/02/25/program-takes-gays-and-christians-over-the-rainbow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961288 | 598 | 2.203125 | 2 |
CBD Sports Genie Products
What is CBD?
CBD, or CBD Oil, is the International non-proprietary name for Cannabidiol. Cannabidiol is one of at least 113 active cannabinoids identified in the cannabis plant and the major nonpsychoactive component of Cannabis sativa. CBD is identified as one of the major nonpsychoactive components of the cannabis plant.
The human body contains an Endocannabinoid Receptor System, known as your ECS for short. This is the internal system that helps you achieve homeostasis which is otherwise referred to as a healthy biological balance based on the ECS ability to actively regulate areas of the body and remain very nearly constant.
Scientific research has shown that the Endocannabinoid Receptor System (ECS) is involved with multiple processes within the human body that it regulates including:
- Immune Response (Journal of Immunology, 2012)
- Energy Balance (Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2008)
- Stress Response (Proceeding of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 2010)
- Sleep (International Journal of Molecular Medicine)
The ECS is made up of cannabinoid receptors found throughout your body including the brain, spine, immune cells, organs and more.
Cannabidiol, or CBD, works by indirectly influencing these receptors to achieve the ideal healthy balance within your body’s systems. CBD benefits including acting in some experimental models as an anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antiemetic, anxiolytic and antipsychotic agent, and is therefore a potential medicine for the treatment of neuroinflammation, epilepsy, oxidative injury, vomiting and nausea, anxiety and schizophrenia. (Data from British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2013 Study.)
Our CBD is derived from Cannabis Sativa Hemp plants. While these plants share a similar family name to Marijuana, these Hemp plants produce no Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and contain no psychoactive effects. Our hemp is grown 100% legally under Section 7606 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (“Farm Bill”)
Sports Balm (0% THC)
Whole hemp-derived Crystalline Cannabidiol (CBD) is great for reducing the pain from exercise-induced inflammation, supporting muscle and joint health, and alleviating everyday stress and tension. By combining our state-of- the-art, whole hemp-derived CBD with luxurious ingredients, we offer creams that feel good on the skin and provide deep, penetrating relief. The topical allows for direct application to affected areas of the body.
SPORT topical’s are highly concentrated to compensate for the often low absorption barrier by the skin for hemp-derived products and do not require generous application.
Sports Balm Menthol 300mg
Sports Balm Lemongrass 300mg
Sport Tinctures (0% THC)
SPORT tinctures are easy to use and available in a range of potency levels. Based on sublingual (under the tongue) absorption and the addition of the short chain amino acid MCT oil, tinctures are one of the fastest acting consumption methods. Each bottle includes a dropper that provides both flexibility and precision of dosage. These tinctures can also be mixed into a beverage, smoothie, or other kinds of food for ingestion.
SPORT tinctures contain five ingredients and absolutely no fillers.
Lemon Lime Sport (0% THC) 500mg
Orange Sunshine Sport (0% THC) 1500mg
Peppermint Sport (0% THC) 750mg | <urn:uuid:c93e33e5-4f23-49b9-8e93-2202b0d0a77f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geniebrands.com/coming-soon-cbd-sports-genie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.895865 | 750 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Most people will tell you that, in order to reach peak performance, you have to motivate yourself. Well, let me disagree. I am here to tell you today that the best motivation for peak performance can be anti-motivation. Motivation itself can actually be harmful in some cases. It’s a double-edged sword you have to use carefully. Why? Let’s check it out in detail. What is the whole point of motivation? If we look at it in depth, motivation only serves to help you reach something. You don’t just get motivated. You get motivated to do something. So, if you don’t do that something, it’s no use being motivated.
So remember. You won’t always be motivated to do the things that are important to you. Don’t wait for motivation to come along. Make a decision to do it anyway and start creating momentum. Soon you will find that the momentum will continue all on its own and it might even pull you along with it.
Mind your mind. In other words be aware of what you think about. Just as with your body, don’t pollute your brain with rubbish and junk thoughts or thoughts that don’t serve you.
Make sure your role models align with the areas in your life that you are passionate about, because it’s important to determine whether they are the source of follow magazines that is most important to you right now.
Being inspired calls for an open mindset that can accept new innovative ideas. Inspiration can be drawn from even very simple and insignificant things. All it needs is a new perspective. Think about all you want to achieve in your lifetime. Then think about why you want to achieve these things. Fame, money, comfort, luxury, power, family, etc can be very powerful motivating factors. Think about how great you will feel after achieving your goals. This will help you stay focused on your destination and not get sidetracked by needless worries and grave obstacles.
All motivation comes from the reasons we have for doing something. If you don’t have a reason to do something you won’t do it. This is what creates the 4 different types of motivation.
Being inspired will not only help you conquer your fears, but it will also help you take calculates risks and believe in yourself. When you take an important decision, a lot of thinking goes into it. An inspired individual will be able to know that hindrances and obstacles that might prevent him from achieving his goals and take precautions accordingly. An inspired individual is passionate about his work and does it with a sense of fervor and devotion.
Remote viewing/subconsciousness. This is a topic which I don’t have much knowledge on yet. I watched a video the other day where a man supposedly read writing off a piece of paper in a house 20 miles away as if he were there. People claim to be able to access a higher source of energy and draw upon the universes limitless knowledge. I’m not going to say it’s impossible, Just that I haven’t seen any proof of this yet. | <urn:uuid:ca3999d4-1af8-4a39-b939-3a192803fbfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chemises-pour-homme.com/how-to-find-the-right-gardening-ideas-for-your-garden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960245 | 650 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Google Earth Package
The Geo-location, or geo-tagging is the ability to bind to any object, document, service (real or virtual), accurate information about the Earth through its positioning coordinates and any other additional data (eg. height above the ground) that you can easily organize, search, view graphically on digital maps.
To date there are various tools and services of electronic cartography that permit to use Geo-location for graphical representation of geographical information. Among these Google Earth is probably the best in terms of fluidity, detail and precision of three-dimensional navigation.
The “Geo-localized” contents of Shouf Biosphere Reserve package (images, text, photos, points, lines, polygons) made available in compressed KML (KMZ), designed specifically to manage three-dimensional geospatial data in the programs Google Earth, Google Maps, Google Mobile Maps and many other mapping programs.
GPX (the GPS Exchange Format) is a lightweight XML data format for the interchange of GPS data (waypoints, tracks and routes) between applications and Web services on the Internet.
GPX has been de-facto XML standard for lightweight interchange of GPS data since the initial GPX 1.0 release in 2002. GPX is being used by dozens of software programs and Web services for GPS data exchange, mapping and geocaching.
If you own a GPS receiver, find out how GPX is helping to make all your favourite applications work togheter:
GPX is a data format for exchanging GPS data between programs, and for sharing GPS data with other user. Unlike other data files, which can only be understood by the programs that created them, GPX files actually contain a description of what’s inside them, allowing anyone to create a program that can read data within.
An individual IMG file is a binary representation of raster map data used by Garmin GPS receivers and the MapSource map utility. It is a closed/proprietary format developed by Garmin.
The IMG format appears to be structured to optimize rendering speed of the GPS device first, and minimize file size second. This is consistent with the fact that GPS receivers generally have low-speed, low-power processors (compared to a personal computer) and therefore benefit from algorithms and data organizations that minimize the work needed to draw the display. The secondary concern, file size, stems from the limited memory present in most Garmin receivers compared to the sizes of the map files, themselves. The IMG file makes every effort possible to conserve bytes, something that is particularly evident in the section of the file that defines the “text labels” for map elements (streets, points of interest, etc.). | <urn:uuid:39e580d1-6b1a-408a-8092-2b5f3c170460> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://shoufcedar.org/maps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9078 | 572 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Maja-Jalunji has undoubtedly become the most highly-refined photosynthetic performer on the planet.
Drawing red bands of light from the white-light of the sun leaves a residue of reflected light that most humans see as green; and yet, within this reflected light, blue and ultraviolet bands dominate the un-utilised portion of residual white-light.A light environment is established at the leafy, outer-surface of the rainforest, which makes the colour blue stand out with greatest prominence
BEAUTIFUL BACKERS OF BLUE
Fruits of the Cassowary Plum – Cerbera floribunda (Schumann, K.M., 1889) are discretely green until fully developed, turning conspicuously blue upon ripening.An abundance of these beautiful blue fruits are dislodged to the forest floor by the enthusiastic attention of fruit doves.To the highly adapted auditory sensitivities of Southern Cassowaries – Casuarius casuarius johnsonii (F. Müller, 1866), with their stunning blue head and neck, fruit striking the forest floor must resound with great appeal. The diurnal Zodiac Moth – Alcides metaurus (Hopffer, 1856) also distinguishes itself with blue and compounding structural attributes of wing-scales that increase iridescence and reflectivity, as bold and beautiful as the deep freshwater pools of Cooper Creek.
Forest Kingfishers – Todiramphus macleayii (Jardine & Selby, 1830), Little Kingfishers – Alcedo pusilla (Temminck, 1836), Azure Kingfishers – Alcedo azurea (Latham, 1802), Buff-breasted Paradise Kingfishers – Tanysiptera sylvia (Gould, 1850); Rainbow Bee-eaters – Merops ornatus (Latham, 1801), Noisy Pittas and Dollarbirds – Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766), all benefit from the beautiful prominence of blue.
Deep within the ancient rainforests of Maja-Jalunji, a deep blue birthing site occupies the confluence of three significant watercourses about a sharp bend in Cooper Creek.Brimming with spirituality and all the qualities that optimise birthing advantage long into life, the site imprints new-born sensitivity with utopian foundations, from which a lifetime of custodial decision-making aspires to the pristine paradise from whence it came. | <urn:uuid:546491ac-577a-465b-afd7-c492c95bd041> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.astrayliana.com.au/the-colour-blue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.838985 | 515 | 2.90625 | 3 |
I really liked this video because I think that comedian John Fugelsang does a great job of explaining why people maybe shouldn’t get quite as bent out of shape about hearing “Happy Holidays!” as opposed to “Merry Christmas!”
Is it really that wrong to acknowledge that their are other special holidays on the calendar in December that don’t necessarily correlate with your own personal beliefs? If you celebrate Christmas, then by all means wish everyone you meet a Merry Christmas, but when someone else goes out of their way to wish you well in the spirit of the season, really, who are you to denigrate the specific words that they use to do so? You’d be equally offended if companies just swore off the holidays altogether and instead put out commercials that said, “It’s December – make sure you stock up on beets…” so really, what your “war on Christmas” amounts to is simply your being upset that everyone else doesn’t just believe in the exact same thing that you do.
Sorry, but that’s not really ever going to happen, so you can either give up the crying game and learn to co-exist in a culturally diverse society, or you can pretty much plan on spending this time of great celebration for so many different beliefs instead being pouty and crabby because you can’t have your own way.
And not for nothing, but a lot of little boys and girls end up getting coal in their stockings for that kind of behavior… 😳 | <urn:uuid:43d4ac46-18c5-4e89-b839-80216ca3f418> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scottsevener.com/blog/2011/happy-holidays-to-the-war-on-christmas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.965584 | 324 | 1.507813 | 2 |
by Kriti Gandhi & Harpreet Singh
The pandemic in many ways has changed the way the world perceives online education. What once was a conservative and doubtful view on online school, has now resulted in a shift. With much learned and gained from “Zoom School”, parents, students, and educators have begun questioning the flaws within the traditional education system. Despite the many changes brought upon by the pandemic, there is another issue that has been lingering far too long in the shadows, the ignored or overlooked disparity between the rich and poor.
According to government statistics, Hong Kong’s wealth gap hit a historic high in 2017, with the wealthiest households earning 44 times the poorest. In the following years, the pandemic has merely made it harder for this demographic to sustain residing in the city. This article aims to shed light on the educational disparities existing between students from local schools and international schools, under the influence of the global pandemic.
Although the conversation has been mainly about the long-lasting effects of COVID-19 on the traditional education system, the real picture is far more complicated than the perceived black and white. During interviews with key stakeholders from local and international schools, it was discovered that although both sides of the spectrum have had their struggles with “Zoom School,” local schools that have been dealt an unfair hand since their inception, have only seen the situation worsen during the pandemic.
International schools were deep-pocketed and adequately equipped to familiarize themselves with e-learning platforms, preparing them for the difficulties that followed the abrupt, unforeseen curriculum adjustments for e-learning and online education.
On the other hand, Hong Kong’s local school scene had a different story to tell. Not only did the sudden introduction of “Zoom School” catch teachers unprepared and helpless, schools simply didn’t have enough resources or experience to make sufficient adjustments to cater to their student’s learning needs.
Hong Kong Education Bureau School Suspension Timeline
International schools under the pandemic
Life as an international school student during the pandemic has not been a lap of roses, however, it is also true that compared to the conditions faced by students from local schools, it has been an easier transition.
During an interview with Jadis Blurton, the founder and head of The Harbour School, an international school in Hong Kong, it was revealed that the school had prior exposure to online learning and was able to swiftly make changes to adjust to the very first Education Bureau regulations. “We already had experience with the virtual education system and gone through trials of what we could improve, we were actually way ahead of the curve,” said Blurton.
International schools in Hong Kong have high annual fees that often come with perks. International schools in Hong Kong, with their abundant financial resources, offer some of the best educational resources and facilities that can be found anywhere in the city. Thus, when the pandemic hit and schools were forced online, “Zoom School” for international schools was not as great a hurdle, comparatively.
Moreover, it can also be argued that the international school curriculum is far more experiential, and dynamic, and often encourages unconventional means of learning. For example, Blurton stated that during the “Zoom School” period, the school encouraged experiential learning and organized events and activities for students to show that, “school should not be contained inside four walls.” Students at The Harbour School not only managed to carry out traditional face-to-face class activities online but also hosted a very successful art fair. Such a learning culture, environment, and curriculum also make it easier for students to easily and flexibly adapt to the sudden changes in learning mode.
In addition, students from international schools, with sufficient financial support are able to cater to all educational needs through extra private classes and private tutors, a luxury many local students cannot afford. According to Amelia Ku, a grade two student at Yew Chung International School, she consistently received assistance from her helper and private tutors at home throughout “zoom school,” making the transition from offline face-to-face learning to online smoother.
Interviews with Rita Pang, CEO and founder of See Change Education, Jadis Blurton, the founder and head of The Harbour School, and Amelia Ku, a year two student at Yew Chung International School
Local Schools under the pandemic
The local education system is often described as tough, rigid, and competitive in Hong Kong. Local schools heavily suffered the consequences of the sudden pandemic policy changes. The local education system was both underprepared and not ready to transition to online learning when the pandemic first began.
Unlike international schools, the demographics of local schools consist of students from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Often, this means that there can be extremes present in the student body.
Athena Wan Wing Sze, Principal of Ju Ching Chu Secondary School, said, “At my school, a third of the students are either on welfare or on full subsidy, so it can be difficult for them to get wifi or devices. Oftentimes, they have had to compete with their siblings for the only notebook [laptop] at home.”
The socioeconomic background of students can limit their access to resources that can be deemed necessary for online learning to be successful and productive. Students may also lack access to a suitable learning environment at home. With the sudden shift to online learning, many students also suffered from mental distress and depression at Wan’s school. These limitations can pose a threat to a child’s education and growth, further highlighting the educational disparities and opportunities between the rich and the poor.
This disparity is being addressed, almost two years later—with the help of non-profit organizations and government subsidies like the Quality Education Fund, students now have the opportunity to access resources like wifi and devices that will allow them to receive a quality education. These funds aim to make it easier for local school students to adapt to online learning under unprecedented circumstances.
The focus hasn’t been entirely on school resources and students, the pandemic has also introduced major game changers for teachers as well. During an interview with Rita Pang, founder, and CEO of See Change Education, an online tutoring agency, it was revealed that the hiring criteria have evolved. Now, there is a demand for teachers with tech skills, teachers who can work on computer software and platforms such as Zoom and Google Classroom. “The requirements of talent, both from the founder, the management team, and new hires have changed,” said Pang.
According to Alyssa, a primary 4 student at a local primary school, the shift to online education was confusing and hard to adapt to. “At times, we had to help my teachers use online learning platforms like Zoom because they didn’t know how to.” She also addressed that she had limited to no support from parents or guardians with the online school as they were busy at work.
Online education can force educators to open themselves up and try different methods of teaching. This experience can also be beneficial for students to equip them for future learning and opportunities. Due to the constant and abrupt changes in social distancing rules in Hong Kong, Wan’s school has adapted to designing a schedule that can work under all circumstances. However, Wan still believes that there is no comparison to face-to-face learning. “Online education is just not viable for local schools because of the extreme limitations that come with it for students, teachers, and school,” said Wan.
Interview with Athena Wan Wing Sze, Principal of Ju Ching Chu Secondary School
The search for the effects of the pandemic on Hong Kong’s education system and schooling led to a deeper issue lingering in the background. Often overlooked and ignored, the educational disparities between local and international school students were highlighted throughout the quest for answers. Hong Kong is a city of opportunities—however, local school students who lacked the proper resources and financial support, struggled to keep up with the swift policy changes, and e-learning soon became a hindrance to their educational growth. While online learning may be the future of our traditional education system, the disparities within local and international schools in Hong Kong raise many questions as to how well these issues can be addressed in the future. Can Hong Kong’s education system truly achieve equality, and can the city truly offer the lesser privileged a fair playing field? | <urn:uuid:c6fd9029-de87-4178-8932-b5bd186699ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shroffed.com/2022/04/30/international-schools-vs-local-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.973696 | 1,761 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Nearby Heritage to Romney Marsh
Aldington is a village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village centre is eight miles (12 km) southeast of the town of Ashford. As with the village centre, set on a steep escarpment above agricultural Romney Marsh and the upper Stour is Aldington Knoll, which was used as a Roman burial barrow and later beacon, it has a panorama towards the English Channel and of low land such as Dungeness.
Appledore is a village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village centre is on the northern edge of the Romney Marsh, 12 miles (19 km) southwest of Ashford town. The northerly part of this village is Appledore Heath.
Bilsington is a village and civil parish in the Ashford district of Kent, England. The village is about 5 miles (8 km) south of Ashford, on the B2067 road, Hamstreet to Hythe road north of the Royal Military Canal. About of a quarter of the parish is wooded, along most of the northern slopes leading up to the escarpment of the High Weald. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 284.
Bonnington is a dispersed village and civil parish on the northern edge of the Romney Marsh in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village is located eight miles (13 km) to the south of the town of Ashford on the B2067 (Hamstreet to Hythe road). Bonnington has under 100 inhabitants and has historic connections with smuggling. The parish used to boast its own school at the T-junction with the former B2069, and a public house (The Oak) located nearly two miles southeast of the village. The parish church, dedicated to St Rumwold, the child saint, is about half a mile to the south of the hamlet, on the Royal Military Canal.
The parish council is now linked with the larger village of Aldington (where the population is now included) which is where the nearest shops can be found.
Camber is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Rye. The village is located behind the sand dunes that occupy the estuary of the River Rother, where the seaside settlement of Camber Sands is situated. The village of Camber takes its name from the Camber (la Chambre) the huge embayment of the English Channel located between Rye, old Winchelsea and Old Romney that was gradually lost to "innings" and silting-up following changes to the coastline and the changed course of the Eastern Rother since the Middle Ages.
East Guldeford is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. The village is located one mile (1.6 km) east of Rye on the A259 road. The parish is controlled by a parish meeting. It is in the civil parish of Playden. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary. It was consecrated in 1505.
Hamstreet is a village in Kent, in South East England. The village is located 6 miles (10 km) south of Ashford on the A2070, the main road between Ashford and Hastings. The majority of the village is in the parish of Orlestone, named after a much older hamlet located 1 mile north of Hamstreet on the ridge of hills; however, part of the village falls within the parish of Warehorne, giving a total population of about 1,800 and a former claim to having three pubs (the Duke's Head is located at the village centre and there were two rural pubs within Warehorne parish). One of the pubs in Warehorne parish (the Woolpack Inn) has been renovated by the owners of the Globe Inn in Rye.
The parish church, dedicated to the Good Shepherd, is now a shared Anglican/Methodist building, and the parish churches of Orlestone, Snave (now a redundant church), Ruckinge, Warehorne and Kenardington are all within the traditional benefice which was expanded to form the new Saxon Shore benefice along with Bilsington, Bonnington and Aldington.
Hythe is a coastal market town on the edge of Romney Marsh, in the district of Folkestone and Hythe on the south coast of Kent. The word Hythe or Hithe is an Old English word meaning haven or landing place. The town has mediaeval and Georgian buildings, as well as a Saxon/Norman church on the hill and a Victorian seafront promenade. Hythe was once defended by two castles, Saltwood and Lympne. Hythe Town Hall, a neoclassical style building, was completed in 1794.
Lympne, formerly also Lymne, is a village on the former shallow-gradient sea cliffs above the expansive agricultural plain of Romney Marsh in Kent. The settlement forms an L shape stretching from Port Lympne Zoo via Lympne Castle facing Lympne Industrial Park then via the main settlement to Newingreen in the north, centred 11 km (7 mi) west of Folkestone, 2.3 mi (3.7 km) west of Hythe and 13 km (8.1 mi) ESE of Ashford.
Orlestone is a mid-sized civil parish in Ashford District, Kent, England, with a population of 1,407. The centre of the parish is Hamstreet village which falls almost entirely within it but has a small fraction in the parish of Warehorne. The civil parish here reflects the very longstanding dominance of Orlestreet as its ecclesiastical parish boundary and provides a third alternative to most residents of Hamstreet to their village name, other than 'Ham Street'. Hamstreet is bypassed by the A2070 road, six miles south of Ashford.
Ruckinge /rʌkɪndʒ/ is a village and civil parish in south Kent centred 5.5 miles (8.9 km) south of Ashford on the B2067 Hamstreet to Hythe road, with two settled neighbourhoods. It is, broadly defined, a narrow, fairly large rural parish of land which is about one-quarter of woodland.
Rye is a small town and civil parish in the Rother district, in East Sussex, England, two miles from the sea at the confluence of three rivers: the Rother, the Tillingham and the Brede. In medieval times, as an important member of the Cinque Ports confederation, it was at the head of an embayment of the English Channel, and almost entirely surrounded by the sea.
At the 2011 census, Rye had a population of 4,773. Its historical association with the sea has included providing ships for the service of the Crown in times of war and being involved in smuggling. The notorious Hawkhurst Gang used its ancient inns The Mermaid Inn and The Olde Bell Inn, which are said to be connected to each other by a secret passageway.
Stone in Oxney
Stone in Oxney is a village south of Ashford in Kent, South East England, in the civil parish of Stone-cum-Ebony near Appledore. The village is 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Tenterden and stands in a position on the eastern side of the Isle of Oxney. The stone that gives the village its name is preserved in the village church and is of Roman origin. Often thought to be an altar of Mithras, it in fact depicts Apis.
The Saxon Shore Way, a long-distance walking route tracing the old Saxon shoreline, passes through the parish.
Warehorne is a village and civil parish in the south of the Ashford Borough of Kent, England. It is a scattered community centred on the Hamstreet to Tenterden road (B2067) around seven miles SSW of Ashford. The Royal Military Canal passes through the south of the civil parish. The first recorded mention of Warehorne is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of Ecgberht, King of Wessex of 820 AD, where it is called Werehornas.
The Domesday Book of 1086 mentions Warehorne by name and states that a church existed there. The present church (St Matthews) shows no sign of Saxon or of Norman work. Warehorne was also where Reverend Richard Harris Barham, the author of The Ingoldsby Legends, resided for a short while.
West Hythe is a hamlet near Palmarsh in Kent, England, and a few miles west of the cinque port town of Hythe. Modern settlement is mainly on the plain south of the Royal Military Canal, and immediately north and north-west of Palmarsh, but the ancient parish church (in ruins) stands at the foot of the escarpment north of the canal, where much of the ancient village was located.
Modern development to the west of Hythe (mostly housing, together with some local shops) in a corridor along the A259 coastal road, has led to the joining together of the ancient town of Hythe and the rural hamlet of Palmarsh in a single urban conurbation, which itself reaches almost to the West Hythe community.
Camber Castle stands in a remote, but beautiful part of Sussex near the Kent border, with incredible views over Rye Harbour and the English Channel. But while today it mainly acts as the setting for an enjoyable family day out, it was once tasked with protecting England from a French invasion. Constructed by King Henry VIII between 1512 and 1514, it overlooked the Camber Anchorage and the entrance to Rye Harbour.
During Tudor times the harbour played an important role in the nation's economy, meaning it would become a likely target for any French seabourne attack. The first fortification on the site was a small, round artillery tower, but renewed tensions with France encouraged the king to rethink his coastal defence plans. Now 2 miles from the sea.
Find out more at the Camber Castle website.
Crypt of St. Leonard Hythe
Medieval church with an extraordinary "ossuary" (the largest and best-preserved collection of ancient human skulls and bones in Britain). The bones are in a room built as part of the 13th-century extensions to the church. The room is sometimes known as the "crypt" but it is above-ground and can be visited from Easter to the end of September.
The church is a wonderful example of how English parish churches have grown and changed through history, with a variety of architectural styles and features. There are some remarkable medieval "pilgrim graffiti" in the church, too. The church is open during daylight hours every day.
Find out more at the Crypt of St Leonard website.
Crypt of St Leonard
Horne's Place Appledore
Horne’s Place was the seat of the influential Horne family from 1276 when Edward I granted land containing the manor to Matthew Horne. The chapel was licensed for divine service in 1366.
A domestic chapel allowed a family to attend services conveniently at home rather than obliging them to travel to the parish church, and receipt of the licence for worship was an indicator of the family’s high status. During Wat Tyler’s rising in 1381 the manor house was forcibly entered and valuable goods were stolen. William Horne, then owner of the house and a Justice of the Peace, was made one of the commissioners responsible for crushing the revolt in Kent.
Later, the chapel fell out of religious use. It was used as a barn in the 19th and early 20th centuries
Find out more at the Horne's Place website.
Rye Castle Museum - Ypres Tower
Rye Castle, also known as Ypres Tower, was built in the 13th or 14th centuries and is situated in Rye, East Sussex, England. It is a Grade I listed building and has been scheduled as an ancient monument. Rye Castle is almost as old as Rye itself and has remained remarkably unchanged over the 750 since it was built. The castle began in the mid-13th century when Henry III ordered a fortified tower to be erected.
The tower is open 7 days a week throughout the year.
Find out more at the Rye Castle Museum - Ypres Tower website.
Rye Castle Museum - Ypres Tower
St Mary Magdalene Church Ruckinge
Ruckinge is a village and civil parish in south Kent centred 5.5 miles (8.9 km) south of Ashford on the B2067 Hamstreet to Hythe road,
The Anglican parish church of St Mary Magdalene is a grade I listed building. The church may have been mentioned in the Domesday Book but the present building dates from the 12th century. It is thought probable that the church was built on top of an earlier Saxon building.
The main building is 12th century with the upper part of the tower being rebuilt in the 13th century. The church has 14th and 15th century alterations. The south doorway and the western door are in Norman style dating from the original 12th-century build. The north porch sheltered a reputed 14th-century door (described as "fine" by English Heritage). The southern choir stalls are medieval with poppy-head bench ends.
The tower houses a ring of 5 bells (tenor 11 long cwt 1 qr 4 lb (1,264 lb or 573 kg) in A). The earliest mention of the bells was in 1521 when Roger Hawkyns left 2/- (two shillings or 10p in decimal currency) in his will to repair them. Thirty years later there were three bells and in 1721 at least four bells were there. In 1740 the tenor was either supplied or recast giving the five bells which exist today.
St Mary Magdalene Church, Ruckinge | <urn:uuid:d0224c59-a492-4682-95b3-e8ee8151ae2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://romneymarshhistory.com/nearby | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.974983 | 2,984 | 2.296875 | 2 |
- This event has passed.
The Great Reno Balloon Race
September 10, 2021 - September 12, 2021
The Great Reno Balloon Race is the world’s largest free hot-air ballooning event. During four days in early September, you can look up into the Reno skies and see a rainbow of hot air balloons soaring about. From its humble beginnings in 1982 with just 20 balloons, The Great Reno Balloon Race has taken flight with up to 100 balloons each year. The idea was to create an event that would keep visitors in town the weekend between the State Fair and the Reno Air Races and 39 years later, it is known as a world-renowned, and locally, a beloved community tradition.
Taking place just a few miles north of downtown Reno at Rancho San Rafael Regional Park, the event enchants both young and old with its vibrant colors and inspiring music. The Great Reno Balloon Race has won many awards over the years, including ‘Best Special Event in Reno’ and ‘Best Special Event in Northern Nevada.’ With an average of 120,000 spectators attending the event each year, the number of lives touched by the beautiful spectacle continues to rise just like the balloons themselves. | <urn:uuid:cf15a4f4-69f1-4521-9415-abddea2aa0d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ediblerenotahoe.com/event/the-great-reno-balloon-race/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960767 | 246 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Should all parents know if cannabis oil is safe for children to take? How can parents educate themselves about cannabis oil and its innate healing qualities? Cannabis Therapy has plenty of information about cannabis and cannabis oils. We try to give you the right information so that you can make informed decisions. Knowledge is indeed power. If you know that cannabis oil is a non-psychoactive chemical compound, then you may agree that cannabis oil is safe for children to take. Have you heard that some children already use cannabis oil to treat epilepsy, autism and even cancer? Time to feel empowered to use cannabis oil as a medical treatment for your child.
Work with Your Doctor when Dosing Children with Cannabis Oil
Try to get your doctor on your side before you commit to giving your child cannabis oil. Cannabis oil is still illegal in many parts of the world. This makes doctors cautious about prescribing it for adults, let alone children. Medical cannabis is legal in other places where doctors recommend cannabis oil for children because they know it is safe. The first step would be to tell your doctor that you are going to try giving your child cannabis oil. Then you educate yourself about oil and cannabis. Learn all about doses and benefits. We can assist you in deciding whether it is safe to give children cannabis oil.
CBD and the Endocannabinoid System
Cannabis consists of numerous cannabinoids or chemical compounds. These interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to nurture health. Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are two of the main cannabinoids used to make medical cannabis oil products. CBD is non-psychoactive therefore a good medical therapy for common ailments: headaches, insomnia, stress, lack of appetite and nausea. It is also useful for chronic disease: cancer, fibromyalgia, Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease. It can treat cognitive and physiological diseases because the cannabinoids interact with endocannabinoid receptors. This ensures the body remains in a state of homeostasis, no matter what it takes. Cannabinoids will even go as far as forcing cancer cells to commit cell suicide, shrinking tumours and preventing them from spreading around the body.
Cannabis Oil is Safe for Children to Take
Tell your doctor that you are going to try cannabis oil for your children. Make notes about what happens. If your doctor supports your decision, he can do the blood tests, manage possible interactions with other drugs and wean a child off normal pain killers. This is important with seizure medication which might react negatively with the cannabis oil. Monitor the cannabis oil doses and your child’s reactions. Record any side effects. Cannabis oil has minimal side effects, and there is no chance of addiction.
Steps to Take When Giving Children Cannabis Oil
Start giving your child very low doses of cannabis oil to make sure it is safe. You can always increase the dose later. Pick one pure (organic) brand and space your dosages well apart, especially apart from dosages of pharmaceuticals. When you decide that cannabis oil is safe for children to take, you will need to hang in there and be patient. This could take time for medical cannabis to have an effect. Every child is different, just like every cannabis oil is different. Try different brands and strengths to see which is best for your children. | <urn:uuid:d854fdc1-f0d5-46ab-8e05-09ec94d18268> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cannabistherapy.co.za/cannabis-oil/cannabis-oil-safe-children-take/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949454 | 683 | 2.15625 | 2 |
You are watching: The watsons go to birmingham quotes
""Oh yeah," Dad interrupted, "they"re a laugh a minute down there. Let"s see, where was the "Coloreds Only" toilet downtown?"" Chap. 1, p. 5
"Man! several of the time i wished ns was together smart together these teachers thought I was due to the fact that if I had been i would have dropped that book and also run every the method home." Chap. 2, p. 22
"I want to knock on his door and tell him, "I to be different," but I was too embarrassed so ns walked the dinosaurs ago home." Chap. 3, p. 45
"I wished i hadn"t said Byron about what happened, ns wished ns just can have gone the remainder of the year v one glove." Chap. 4, p. 62
"Momma"s genuine voice was coming back. "So, Joetta, don"t girlfriend see exactly how Momma has to assist Byron understand just how dangerous and also painful fire can be?"" Chap. 5, p. 72
"Momma flicked some much more of Byron"s...
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about bsci-ch.org | Customer business | terms of company | Privacy plan | <urn:uuid:183b268e-30c6-4c35-a894-461d5e3080a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bsci-ch.org/the-watsons-go-to-birmingham-quotes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.937025 | 414 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The pictures below show the Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) next to the road bridge at Oakamoor Road. CSOs carry away both sewage from homes and storm water from drains and roads. They are a safety valve to release pressure when large volumes of water enter the sewers, for example during a heavy storm. The excess water enters into watercourses to prevent flooding of homes and buildings.
This first picture shows all the wet wipes on the grid of the CSO. These have made their way into the sewerage system having been flushed down toilets. Many also get into Cecilly Brook or get attached to overhanging branches. Not all wipes labelled flushable and biodegradable disintegrate once flushed. They can take 500 years to decompose as some contain plastic resins and so pose a risk to local wildlife and the environment.
A big thank you to the Severn Trent River Rangers who removed all the wipes and cleaned up around the overflow after the Friends of Cecilly Brook and Hales Hall Pool met up with Senior River Ranger Stuart Hill. As this picture shows they did a really great job.
Please only flush the 3Ps – Poo, Pee, Paper – so we don’t have this problem again in the future. | <urn:uuid:1898183c-5a5b-4bad-b932-c9d7ddef69fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cecillybrooklnr.org.uk/2022/07/26/flush-only-the-3ps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.938062 | 257 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Ultra thin Si cap growth by Reduced Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition on relaxed Ge substrates is detailed in this paper for Ge pMOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) passivation purposes. A cross calibration of different measurement techniques is first proposed to perfectly monitor Si monolayers thickness deposited on Ge substrates. Different characteristics, impacting Ge pMOSFETs device performances, are next detailed for various Si cap growth processes using different Si precursors: DiChloroSilane (DCS), silane and trisilane. The critical Si thickness of plastic relaxation has been determined at 12 monolayers. Presence of point defects has been identified for very low growth temperature as 350 °C. Ge-Si intermixing, caused by a Ge segregation mechanism, is strongly reduced by the use of trisilane as Si precursor at low temperatures.
- Germanium MOSFET
- Germanium passivation
- Low temperature CVD
- Si precursors
- Ultrathin Si growth on germanium | <urn:uuid:4a393aee-28b1-444b-928c-f9c523a34717> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/si-passivation-for-ge-pmosfets-impact-of-si-cap-growth-conditions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.880046 | 229 | 2.453125 | 2 |
I get a lot of questions about my daily writing habits. In a nutshell, I wake up early (about an hour before my daughter), feed our pets, pour myself a cup of coffee, and sit at my computer. If I’m being disciplined, I ignore social media and read the day’s Writer’s Almanac poem for a bit of inspiration. Then I read the last few paragraphs of what I wrote yesterday and make a few line edits. That gets me back into the story. Then I write for about 1,000 words.
This is my design.
Sorry, I’ve been watching a lot of Hannibal episodes lately. I couldn’t resist.
All serial killer thrill pop culture references aside, that’s it in a nutshell. I write 1,000 words. It takes about an hour, depending on how the words are flowing and whether or not my cat yaks on the floor. Plus, it’s easy to track on the running word count feature in Word. For me, 1,000 words is an ideal amount, because:
It keeps me at my computer and gives me a goal to shoot for that I can reasonably achieve every day. It’s an hour that I can give each day and still be a good dad, worker, and friend.
It keeps me from going too far.
Even if I’m in the middle of a scene that I’m absolutely enjoying, I’ll still stop when I hit the 1,000-word mark. Why? Because I’ll be excited to start right there again tomorrow. Like Kenny Rogers said, you gotta know when to walk away—and know when to run. Except you always count your words while you’re sitting at the table.
Side type: if possible, always stop writing each day mid-scene. It’s much easier to pick up where you left off than to start a new scene.
I’m fairly confident that I could write 1,000 words a day and never run out of things to say. In the years that I’ve been doing it, I’ve never walked away drained of story. With the limits of time and energy that I currently have, I can write 1,000 words in perpetuity without draining whatever creative reserves I keep in my demented little brain.
Some authors do more than 1,000 words and some do less. Maybe 1,000 words works for you. Maybe more or less is better. Play around with it and see what works for you. This is your design. | <urn:uuid:0c469e0e-44dc-4e38-bcc8-03839b0c5588> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.robboley.com/design-virtue-writing-1000-words-daily/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.934599 | 553 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Dents in the nails are small depressions forming on nails and are often referred to as nail pits. In many cases, the small depressions may arise without any particular reason, or they may occur due to vitamin deficiency. Let’s find possible causes and treatment of dents on nails.
Causes of dents in nails
Nails are made up of a protein called keratin. This protein component forms on both the fingers and toes. The work of keratin is to protect the nail bed and nerve endings. It is important to note that healthy nails are normally free from dents, spots, brittleness, and breakage.
However, nails that split, break easily, and dent may be an indication of an underlying cause that may be in the urgent need to check. Below are some of the known possible causes of dents in nails:
An injury from physical activities or manual work or direct accident or frequent nail biting can cause the nails to split and dent.
Psoriasis is a skin condition that can cause dry plaques to appear on any part of the body. Psoriasis other than causing flare-ups of symptoms on the skin, it is also known to cause splits and dents on fingernails and toenails.
However, several medications can be administered to get rid of this condition, and some of such medications include salicylic acid creams, steroid creams and injections, tar preparations, vitamin D supplements, and anthralin creams. When one is suffering from psoriasis, they should avoid drinking excess alcohol as it can trigger more symptoms of psoriasis.
Alopecia areata is a condition that causes total or partial hair loss. This condition can also cause dents in the fingernails.
Reiter syndrome is a type of arthritis that occurs in response to a bacterial infection. The symptoms of this syndrome include swelling and pain in the joints, inflammation of the urinary tract, and eyes.
According to the University of Maryland medical school, Reiter syndrome results in severe damage and modification to the production of keratin (a protein that plays a role in the structure of the nails), and this further results in dents in fingernails, especially in women.
According to the University of Maryland medical school, medical treatment for Reiter syndrome includes immunosuppressant, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.
Fungal disease of the nails usually accompanies itself with symptoms like bright white discoloration, a yellow hue, splits, and dents on nails. And sometimes, when the nails are overwhelmed by the activity of the fungal disease, the nails can become thicker and brittle in texture.
Incontinentia pigmenti, though uncommon, is a genetic disorder that arises as a result of mutations within the genes, especially IKBKG genes. This disorder is usually characterized by symptoms such as dry patches on the skin, lines of hypo-pigmentation on legs and arms during adulthood. Also, split and dents in the fingernails and toenails may occur.
Blood circulation problems in the body due to underlying conditions such as anemia and high blood pressure can affect to a greater extent the health of fingernails and toenails, resulting in the appearance of dents and splits in nails.
An unhealthy diet and poor body absorption of vitamins result in vitamin deficiency. Vitamin deficiency, such as B-vitamins, which plays an important role in cell growth and deficiency of vitamin B-12, which strengthens nail growth, can result in fingernail splits and dents accompanied by white spots.
Also, lack of vitamins such as Vitamin C, calcium, iron, and zinc can result to nail abnormalities such as koilonychia and others. You need to visit your doctor for consultation and examination if you notice discoloration such as greenness and yellow nails.
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP)
Raynaud’s phenomenon is a disorder resulting from a series of discolorations of the fingers or toes after exposure to cold temperatures. This discoloration happens due to abnormal spasm of blood vessels that further affects blood flow to tissues. This hindrance of blood flow to tissues can result in dents and splits on fingernails.
Dents and splits may also appear in cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment.
The decrease in thyroid production is known as hypothyroidism, and it a condition that usually affects women who are over 50 years of age. Hypothyroidism does not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. At the early stages, it may cause symptoms such as thin, split, dented, and brittle nails. However, as time goes, hypothyroidism results in soft slow-growing nails with pale nail beds. Hypothyroidism can also cause more problems beyond spit and weak nails such as chronic conditions like pain in the joints, obesity, and infertility.
Other possible causes of dents on fingernails may include diabetes, medications, stress, hypocalcemia, cysts, and cancer.
Horizontal dents in nails run across the fingernail from one side to another and can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. These dents are often deep and may result to multiple lines to appear across the nail.
However, as indicated above, horizontal dents are often a sign of an underlying medical infection that requires examination and treatment. In some people with horizontal dents, the nails may stop growing until the underlying medical infection has been gotten rid of.
Some of the underlying conditions that can be responsible for horizontal dents include:
- Thyroid disease
- Kidney disease
It is important that when you notice deep horizontal dents on your fingernails or toenails, you visit your doctor for examination, diagnosis, and treatment.
Small pitted dents in nail beds
‘Small pitted dents in nail beds’ are small depressions appearing on the nail beds. These pitted dents can be shallow or deep, depending on the cause.
In many cases, small pitted dents in nail beds are usually found in people with psoriasis, or In case the pitting happens in people who are not infected with psoriasis. It’s usually a sign of an underlying condition.
Small pitting commonly occurs on fingernails, though it can occur on toenails. In many cases, the fingernail or toenail will have multiple pits or a single pit, which may have an appearance of a thimble.
It is advisable for People with small pitted dents in nail beds, to visit a doctor for examination, diagnosis, and treatment of the potential cause.
Some of the underlying conditions that can be responsible for small pitted dents in nail beds include:
- Alopecia areata, which causes temporary hair-loss and patches on the scalp.
- Reactive arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation of joints.
- Eczema, which is a skin condition that causes the skin to be itchy, cracked, and patchy with flare-ups.
- Psoriasis, a skin condition that causes inflammation, itchiness, and dryness of the skin.
Vertical lines or ridges
The major cause of vertical lines is aging. The nails may begin to form single or multiple vertical ridges as they grow.
These lines run from the tip of the finger to the bottom of the nail, and these lines are usually not a cause for concern unless they are accompanied by symptoms such as pain or unsightly color changes. With a change in age, the fingernails and toenails may begin to show signs such as:
- The nails may become thinner or thicker and break easily.
- They can also lose their smooth shape.
- The nails may begin to dent and split.
- The nail may fissure and become brittle.
These symptoms, especially when you are above 50 years, should not be a cause for concern, but you can visit your dermatology for consultation and possibly examination.
Possible causes of vertical ridges
Anemia can cause vertical ridges or dents in nails, and usually, the vertical lines (dents) are accompanied by changes in texture in the nails or color changes.
Splinter hemorrhage is a small blood clot beneath the nail beds, which results in vertical discolorations. It is always advisable to visit a doctor for examination and treatment, in case the cause of this small blood clot is not known.
Other underlying medical disorders that can cause vertical ridges to appear on the nail include:
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
How to prevent fingernail dents
Practicing preventative measures is the surest way of keeping your nails free from dents, lines, ridges, and other disorders, causing nail problems. Try the following simple steps to prevent the development of dents in your fingernails.
- Eat foods that are rich in minerals and protein.
- Take foods and supplements that have high contents of zinc and omega 3 fatty acids.
- Avoid chewing and biting your nails.
- Avoid putting on very tight shoes that can cause vertical dents on toenails.
- Reduce the use of nail polishes that contain high contents of harsh chemicals.
Other preventative measures
- Applying a protective layer to protect the nail bed from getting easily damaged by injury and to strengthen the nails.
- Practicing good hygiene, by regularly trimming your fingernail by use of sharp manicure clippers or scissors.
- Regularly use a moisturizer on your fingernails and cuticles.
- Always keep your fingernails dry and clean to prevent infectious bacteria from growing under your fingernails.
When to see a doctor
It is important to note that not all fingernail conditions are normal, visit your doctor for consultation and examination when you experience the following:
- If there is thickening or thinning of the nails.
- If your nails have failed to grow normally.
- If there are some bleeding and small blood clots around the nail bed.
- If you are experiencing swelling or pain around the nails.
- When your nails have separated themselves from the nail bed and surrounding the skin.
- When there are changes in the shape of your nails, such as nail curling.
- When there are changes in color, like discoloration of the entire nail or a dark streak under the nails.
A host of different factors causes dents on nails. The treatment of this condition is done after identifying the underlying cause through various sessions of examination and diagnosis; in other words, treatment is done on a case by case basis after identification of the cause.
Below are various treatments that can be administered to various causes;
- Psoriasis can be treated through the application of salicylic acid creams to the skin or by the use of steroid injections.
- it can also be treated by eating a healthy diet full of vitamins and minerals or avoiding factors that cause skin inflammation, flare-ups, and dryness.
- To deal with Reiter syndrome, medications that prevent secondary infections such as antibiotics and medications that suppress the response of the immune system like cyclosporine can be prescribed by your doctor.
- This condition is sometimes accompanied by pain and inflammation. In this case, anti-inflammatory medications can be prescribed by your doctor.
- To completely get rid of this condition, your doctor may administer TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) inhibitors.
- To get rid of alopecia areata, your doctor can consider prescribing, topical immunotherapy, and creams with corticosteroids.
- In cases were alopecia areata has severe symptoms, ultraviolet light therapy and corticosteroid injections may be administered to get rid of other symptoms accompanying alopecia.
- In cases whereby the fungal infection is accompanied by many other symptoms such as dents on nails, your doctor may recommend antifungal injections.
- Also, in this case, oral or topical antifungal medications may be prescribed by your doctor.
- Your doctor may recommend physical exercises to improve blood circulation and avoiding exposure to extremely cold temperatures.
- Also, your doctor may recommend medication that boosts blood circulation in your body or medications that prevent the blood from coagulation.
- Your doctor will recommend massage and ensure that you stay away from areas of cold temperatures.
- Also, your doctor can conduct electrotherapy to get rid of Raynaud’s phenomenon symptoms or complications.
- Your doctor will recommend topical corticosteroid creams, topical tacrolimus, and skin moisturizers.
- Antibiotics are also very powerful in getting rid of this condition, as they help to prevent secondary infection.
- Your medical doctor may recommend vitamin-rich supplements and recommend changes in diet, which may involve eating too much of green vegetables and fruits.
- To get rid of thyroid problems, your doctor will administer thyroid hormones in your body to restore hormonal balance.
- After nail injury, you must seek medical care for the injury and practice good nail hygiene during the recovery period. | <urn:uuid:36a1c6d8-93e3-432b-b463-c279c1c80af5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.treatnheal.com/nails-and-fingers/dents-on-nails-causes-when-small-vertical-horizontal-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930027 | 2,916 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Odds are, if you are visiting this website you were not sitting at the “popular” table in Jr. High School or High School. At some point you might have tried to fit in with the IN crowd and were quite likely rejected. But as the old saying goes “Where are they now?” Many of the geeks, nerds, and dorks of the past became even more invested in their passions. They practiced their scales a little more because they didn’t have any band members to play with. They read a few more books because they didn’t have as many friends. Or they spent more and more time working on their jump shot because they were rarely picked to play street basketball. The side effect of rejection is removal of distraction.
This is not to say that all relationships should be avoided but there is certainly a time cost associated with maintaining a social status. You have to establish relationships and keep them up. To be really effective you have to spend time with people and invest in their lives. But if you have been cast out of the predominant social group you can put that time to use in improving your skill or working further towards your goals.
See in the silver lining in this case is as easy as looking at the group themselves. If the group you were seeking to be a part of was actually a good fit, then you would most likely be accepted. Logically, if you are not accepted then it is either a failure of the group to see your merit, or a oversight of yours at valuing a group that is not best for you.
The same goes for a job. Rejection also shows you your aptitude. Some people desperately try to get better at things they are not equipped to accomplish. To override this inadequacy they may cheat, or traumatize themselves under rigorous training methods. It is possible that the difficulty could be reflecting a needed change in course. If you want to me a physicist, yet, you are not naturally good at math you either need to work your tail off to override that inadequacy or decide that you should be a philosopher instead.
If you want to be an artist but you are not a good sketch artist, you can either choose to spend time countering that lack of aptitude or pursue abstract art over realism. This is not to say that when things get tough they are simply not meant to be. It is instead to say that you need to listen to yourself, and understand your goals and desires. This comes from a strong sense of identity and purpose that once attained. You may not even want to hang out with the “popular” kids.
One other element of this metaphor is compromise, if you are a passionate person, you will not easily sacrifice your ambitions to others. Instead you may try to reform the group to fit. This is also an option but is altogether different than shifting your priorities to fit in.
When the hiring manager stops returning your emails and follow up inquiries. You can take it upon yourself to wait outside the bosses office or you and take it as a sign that this may not be the job for you. But each of us should be seeking the opportunities that best fit ourselves and who we want that self to be. The bigger question is why do we want to sit at the “popular” table in the first place right? Perhaps something like sense of tribe or community, but is that community the one we should aspire to participate in? Or would you instead prefer to be a part of an elite music ensemble, or academic club, or varsity basket ball team?
The choice is your but where you land my very well be where you belong. Whatever that means. | <urn:uuid:22790c9f-a463-4530-9dcb-9f11afc66019> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://citizensofculture.com/tag/jr-high-cliques/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.978458 | 750 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Isha — The Night Prayer: 4 Rakat Sunnah (Ghair Muakkadah) + 4 Rakat Fard + 2 Rakat Sunnah (Muakkadah) +2 Rakat Nafl + 3 Rakat Witr total 15.
How many Rakats do you pray for Isha?
There are total 17 rakats in isha prayer: 4 Sunnah Ghair Muakkadah, 4 fard, 2 Sunnah Muakkadha, 3 Wir, 2 Nafal.
How late can you pray Isha?
‘Isha prayer must be performed before midnight, and it is not permissible to delay it until midnight, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The time of ‘Isha’ is until midnight” (narrated by Muslim, al-Masaajid wa Mawaadi’ al-Salaah, 964).
How do you perform WITR prayer in Isha?
Pray an odd number of rak’ah for your Witr prayer.
- Pray a one rak’ah Witr prayer. You have now performed the Sunnah. …
- Pray a three rak’ah Witr prayer. There are two options for performing the three rak’ah Witr prayer. …
- Pray a five or seven rak’ah of Witr. …
- Pray a nine rak’ah Witr. …
- Pray an eleven rak’ah Witr.
Can we pray only Farz Namaz in Isha?
The ruling is that there’s no sin on the person who maintains only the fard (obligatory) prayers and skips nawafil (voluntary) ones. The Prophet of Allah (PBUH) was once enquired by a man regarding the duties of a Muslim.
Is it better to pray Isha late?
From that, people understand that it is a good thing to delay the isha prayer. You can delay it to the first third of the night or the middle of the night. The “night” is defined as the time between the isha athan and the fajr athan (not 12 AM), so if isha is at 9 and fajr at 5, that makes 1 AM the middle of the night.
Can we sleep before Isha prayer?
Muhammad (pbuh) encouraged his companions not to be involved in any activity after Isha prayer (darkness prayer, which is around 1.5-2 hours after sunset). The Prophet (pbuh) said, “One should not sleep before the night prayer, nor have discussions after it” [SB 574].
What do you do if you miss Isha prayer?
- In this fatwa:
- 1- When one misses a certain prayer, he must pray it even though its time is finished. …
- 2- He prays it whenever comes to his mind, even if it is during one of the times in which it is prohibited to pray or even if it is during the time of another prayer.
Is Isha prayer silent or loud?
Recitation is also low. Maghrib, Isha: To awaken very low energies [close to sleep time], loud voice is needed otherwise attention may not remain enough. Allah know best. Because there are “Silent” and “Public” prayers, like when you pray at home you pray all silent.
How do you pray properly?
But elegant as the words are, I do not believe Jesus intended it to become another ritualistic prayer.
I hope they will encourage you to make 2021 a year of prayer.
- Know to whom you are speaking. …
- Thank him. …
- Ask for God’s will. …
- Say what you need. …
- Ask for forgiveness. …
- Pray with a friend. …
- Pray the Word. …
- Memorize Scripture.
Is WITR prayer compulsory?
It is recorded that Ali bin Abu Talib said, “The witr prayer is not required like your obligatory prayers but the Prophet would perform the witr prayer and say, ‘O you people of the Quran, perform the witr prayer, for Allah is One and He loves the witr. ‘”
How late can I pray maghrib?
Maghrib ends when Esha begins, which is when the whitish line on the horizon completely disappears. Basically, when it becomes completely dark, Maghrib ends and Esha begins. Depending on where you live and the season, the duration of maghrib could be anywhere between 60 and 100 minutes, give or take a few.
Does makeup break wudu?
If makeup or false nails prevent water from reaching nails and face, then they must be removed before performing wudu or ghusl. … Like makeup and fake nails, wearing fake hair does not invalidate an existing wudu. But wearing it before wudu can lead to the same problem of preventing water from reaching the head.
How late can I pray Fajr?
Fajr begins at 4:30am; which means that you have until 5:40am to pray fajr. If you go from 10pm to 5:20am then you have 7 hours and 20 minutes of sleep. | <urn:uuid:b044a2d6-2e1b-4a74-af21-65244415d627> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://religionandcivilsociety.com/catholics/how-much-do-i-pray-for-isha.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.909003 | 1,171 | 1.804688 | 2 |
KATHMANDU, June 27: Different political parties have used 853 children against Election Code of Conduct in course of first round of local-level election.
As per the report of child rights monitoring carried out by the Central Child Welfare Board on province no 3, 4 and 6, where first round of election was held on May 14, such number of children was used on 37 political events.
The children were found used on different political events including rally, election gatherings, and door-to-door campaign.
Similarly, some children were also used as volunteers on the election day as well as in victory rallies, stated the report.
Executive Director of the Board, Tarak Dhital, said that although it is the right of children to be aware about country's political activities and to put their views, using children in political activities by parties for their interest cannot be considered as child rights.
The Board had immediately sent letter to the concerned parties after it found children used in political events during its monitoring as well as also informed the Election Commission about it.
Chairman of National Coalition for Children as Peace of Zone and Child Protection, Krishna Subedi, said that government and non-government organisations, working in the field of children, should continuously raise voices against the use of children in political events to make political parties stop such act. RSS | <urn:uuid:aa425997-99a3-4ac7-9c39-4da2a439a0b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/853-children-used-in-election-against-election-code-of-conduct/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.988597 | 272 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Create and View Your Own 3D Models in Virtual Reality
If you want a Project Idea with full instructions, please pick one without an asterisk (*) at the end of the title.
AbstractVirtual reality (VR) headsets are becoming increasingly popular. Video game designers use a variety of programs to create the amazing 3D worlds that you see when you turn on your favorite video game, and many of those worlds are now also designed to be compatible with VR headsets. Can you use a computer-aided design (CAD) program or video game engine to design your own virtual world that can be viewed using a VR headset?
Did you know you do not have to be a programming expert to create appealing 3D scenes? Table 1 shows a list of programs and websites that can be used to do this; there are options for students at various skill levels. Note that VR technology is changing rapidly, so you can also do your own search for new VR-related software and websites. Follow the links to the individual websites to find tutorials or instructions for using each type of software.
|Tinkercad||Free CAD program, great for beginners|
|SketchUp||Beginner-friendly CAD program, free version available|
|Fusion 360||Intermediate CAD program, free for students|
|Inventor||Professional CAD program, free for students|
|Solidworks||Professional CAD program, discounted version available for students|
|Sketchfab.com||3D model sharing website. Easy to upload models from any CAD program and view them in VR on a mobile device. Good option for students of all skill levels who want to view a CAD model in VR.|
|Unity||Video game design software. Free version available. For advanced students.|
|Google VR||Documentation for developing virtual reality apps for Android and iOS devices, including games designed in Unity. For advanced students.|
Figure 1 shows a simple forest environment made using Tinkercad, and Figure 2 shows a house designed using SketchUp. Both are displayed using the Sketchfab viewer. On a desktop, you can use your mouse to control the camera and look around the models. On a mobile device, you can click the "View in VR" button. This will split the screen into two images, one for each eye, that show the scene from slightly different angles (just like your eyes work in the real world). When you place the mobile device in a VR headset, the result you see is a single, 3D image.
This project may be a good fit if your school has a "maker fair" or another type of exhibition where you can show off something you designed or made. If you want to enter it in a traditional science or engineering fair, you will need to figure out how to convert it to a project that follows either the scientific method or the engineering design process. Here are some ideas:
- Your goal could be to create a realistic looking virtual scene. Measure how users react to changes to certain variables in your environment, like lighting or material texture. What makes a model the most "realistic"?
- Can you make your game immersive? See if you can get users to physically react (for example, jumping back in surprise) to features in the environment, like standing on the edge of a cliff or above a pit.
- Is VR really better than a regular flat computer monitor or TV? Compare how users react to environments displayed in 2D on a regular computer screen versus in 3D using a VR headset (see the Science Buddies project Do People Prefer Virtual Reality Headsets over 2D Pictures? for a similar project involving pictures).
- How can a VR environment convey a sense of scale? Can you make a user feel like they are a tiny ant in the middle of a room, or a giant looking down on a city?
- How does virtual reality compare to a physical prototype? Read this article about surgeons who used VR to prepare for a baby's heart surgery. Normally the surgeons would have used a 3D-printed model of the heart, but their 3D printer was broken, so they used VR instead. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?
- Do people remember more details when they view a scene in VR instead of on a regular 2D screen?
Ask an Expert
If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers:
- Science Fair Project Guide
- Other Ideas Like This
- Video & Computer Games Project Ideas
- Virtual Reality Project Ideas
- My Favorites | <urn:uuid:8f4ecfae-adc5-4c7d-823e-4f26109be10d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/Games_p033/video-computer-games/create-and-view-your-own-3d-models-in-virtual-reality?from=Blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.890092 | 950 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Knowing how to build an outdoor kitchen will allow you to create a great new area for your home without spending a fortune. Cooking and eating outside are increasingly popular pastimes and outdoor kitchens have come a long way from the hibachi and the plank picnic table of the 1960s.
Good Planning Saves Money and Time
It is important that you know exactly what you want in your outdoor kitchen before you make the first mark. Are you looking for an area to grill a few burgers and store cold drinks during summer pool parties? Are you looking for a wood burning bread oven, a commercial quality propane grill, or a formal dining area? Whether it is one of those choices or something in between, the first step is to define your needs as well as your budget.
Some questions that you will need to answer before building your kitchen are:
- How do you plan to use your kitchen?
- How big do you want it to be?
- Do you want a permanent structure?
- How much can you afford?
- How much work will you do yourself?
- Where will it be located?
- What materials will you use?
- How will you define the edges of the kitchen and dining area?
- Will you need to add a gas line or waterlines?
- What permits are required?
Locating Your Outdoor Kitchen
Location is very important. The kitchen will impact the look of both your house and yard. It is important that it be a beautiful addition rather than an eyesore. Many people build the outdoor kitchen very close to the house. This keeps it convenient but also means that the style will need to flow with the look of the house.Keep in mind your privacy when you are planning a location, as well as your neighbors' comfort. If you are having a late night cookout and the kitchen is located near the neighbors' bedroom window, your good time may keep them awake. Plan to locate your kitchen well away from other people's property.
Once you have decided where to place the kitchen you need to create a site map. This is little more than a piece of graph paper, with your kitchen plans drawn to scale. Include any large trees, gardens, walkways, pool, or other features that could have an impact on your project.
Because your project is going to be subjected to all kinds of weather conditions, you need to choose materials that can stand up to the elements.
- Stainless steel
- Sealed tile
- Pressure treated lumber
If you build your outdoor kitchen on an existing patio, make sure that it can support the weight of whatever you plan to install. Otherwise you will have to choose a flooring material such as concrete or flagstone.Creating a floor for your outdoor kitchen will be much like building any patio with the exception of any extra water, gas, and electrical lines that may need to be run. The placement of the appliances, sinks, refrigerators, and other items must be planned far ahead of time and the necessary utilities installed. The sinks and any dishwashers will be hooked up so that they drain into the household's main sewer line so that the gray water is disposed of properly.
The next step will to install the cabinets and appliances that you have chosen. Do not place wood cabinets too close to the grill or wood burning oven. Many people choose stainless steel for their outdoor kitchens, because it is easy to maintain, is not a fire hazard, and will not be affected by weather.
The primary function of the cabinets will not be to store items as much as it will give structure to the room. The cabinets link the various components of the outdoor kitchen together to make a cohesive whole. They also are there to hold the counters that are necessary for preparation and workspace.
Ready-made cabinets for outdoor use are the easiest way to create the kitchen of your dreams. They are made to withstand the environment, and all you need to do is to stack them next to each other and add a few screws here and there.
The countertops and other surfaces will also need to be made of material that can withstand harsh conditions and a lot of use.
- Wood that is weather resistant
- Poured concrete
- Stainless steel
- Zinc sheeting
How to Build an Outdoor Kitchen Specifics
While almost anyone can learn how to build an outdoor kitchen, the steps are more involved than can be detailed here. There are many specific instructions available on the Internet. Here are some of the resources to help get you started:
- Outdoor Kitchen Counter-top Configurations
- HGTV Outdoor Kitchen Planning Guide
- Outdoor Kitchen Ideas
- Outdoor Kitchen Image Gallery
- Building an outdoor kitchen
- Step by step outdoor kitchen with images and video.
The most complex outdoor kitchens can take several weeks and a lot of money. If you are building a simple version, then you may be able to put it together in two weekends for under $1,000.00. Whichever you choose, knowing how to build an outdoor kitchen yourself will save you money and give you a sense of accomplishment when it is finished. | <urn:uuid:a240e9d8-798d-4bd6-bcf8-cefd49e04647> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeimprovement.lovetoknow.com/How_to_Build_an_Outdoor_Kitchen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951932 | 1,099 | 1.5 | 2 |
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Sawdust mulch preserves soil moisture and prevents weeds.
Lay plastic bird netting over the bushes to protect your berries from birds.
Thinning out some branches in the center of the bushes allows light in for better berry production.
Treat insect and disease problems immediately with an organic or chemical solution or it will spread to all the bushes.
Juicy blueberries are a welcome addition in pies and jams. There are varieties available that grow well in nearly every region of the United States, and many are prolific producers of fresh berries. Ensure your blueberry bush produces at the height of its ability for many years by caring for it properly. It takes approximately six years before a bush reaches peak productivity.
Test the soil pH with a home testing kit, available at garden centers or from your local extension office. Amend the soil with additional sulfur as needed to maintain a soil pH between 4 and 4.5 percent.
- Juicy blueberries are a welcome addition in pies and jams.
- There are varieties available that grow well in nearly every region of the United States, and many are prolific producers of fresh berries.
Keep nearby trees and other plants pruned so that the blueberry bushes receive full sunlight throughout the day. Remove any weeds or other plants that grow around the base of the bushes, as these affect air circulation and may lead to disease.
Provide one to two inches of water a week for each blueberry bush. Water at the base of each bush and avoid getting the underside of the foliage wet, which may cause fungus problems.
Remove blossoms the first two years from the bushes so berries do not set. This allows the bush to focus on healthy root and branch growth instead of premature berry production and leads to healthier plants.
Fertilize with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer in April, May and June. Apply the fertilizer six inches away from the bush's trunk and avoid touching the plant directly with the fertilizer.
- Keep nearby trees and other plants pruned so that the blueberry bushes receive full sunlight throughout the day.
Begin pruning your blueberry bushes in the third year and every year thereafter. Prune in late winter when the bush is still dormant and not actively growing. Remove all dead and damaged canes with sharp pruning shears. Remove branches that are more than 4 years old, but leave last year's growth on the plant as this is what produces berries. | <urn:uuid:516ded4f-ea8d-44b8-99ed-ef214c900e37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gb.b-p-painting.com/14251-how-to-care-for-blueberry-bushes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9444 | 516 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Subject:Computer SciencePrice: Bought3
The components of a business continuity, disaster recovery planning, and business impact analysis (BIA). In this assignment, you will focus on managing crises.
The purpose of this assignment is to identify and discuss activities that decrease the impact of a selected potental catastrophy in the organization you previously selected.
Remember, cybersecurity, technology in general, has a very short lifespan. Therefore, all research material should reflect such life. This means the majority of the reference list on your paper should be no more than five years old. Technical and academic references older than five years, with the exceptions of theoretical underpinnings sources, should be used sparingly.
Review the assignment you submitted last week. Then, create a presentation responding to the following questions:
You may present this assignment in your preferred visual tool e.g., diagram, PowerPoint presentation, cartoon, graphic organizers, or infographics.
If you are using: | <urn:uuid:318dfc8b-c3ae-4ea6-b0fc-7a8c1907240f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studyhelpme.com/question/167/The-components-of-a-business-continuity-disaster-recovery-planning-andbusiness-impact-analysis-BI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.890859 | 206 | 1.75 | 2 |
Golf is a competitive sport, and with so many rules and regulations, it can get a little complicated, too. If you’re thinking can you change golf balls on the green, here’s a short answer:
Fortunately, you can change golf balls on the green. See, a golf ball may not last for a full game. They can get split, cracked, and damaged. According to the rules, golfers are allowed to change golf balls at several points during a round. And, under normal conditions, golfers can change their golf balls in between holes.
But, what if you do change a golf ball on the green? Is there any penalty for that? Do you use a new golf ball for every hole? Can you use different balls in a single round?
You might want to get the answers to those questions.
Let’s dig in a little deeper.
Can You Change Golf Balls on the Green?
Yes, you can change golf balls on the green, but there are a few rules. You can’t switch your golf ball any time you want. The rules allow you to change it when you’re switching a hole. You can also replace a ball when you’re taking a break (for instance, free and penalty relief).
Keep in mind that the replaced ball can be of any brand as far as the one-ball local rule isn’t in effect. Also, remember that if you switch your ball before completing a hole, you might even get disqualified, or at the very least, suffer a penalty.
Moreover, you can switch your golf ball when you’re taking relief. But, if you’re playing a round, and your ball gets a little damaged, you’ll have to continue with the play. Unless, of course, the ball is unplayable; in such a case, you can get it replaced even between holes.
Is There a Penalty for Hitting a Different Ball on the Green?
When a ball is played from off the putting green and moves another ball, you don’t get a penalty. But, it’s a different situation when a ball is played from the putting green. In such a case, if a ball hits another ball on the putting green, the golfer faces a penalty of two strokes.
Do You Use a New Golf Ball for Each Hole?
No, pro golfers don’t use a new golf ball for every hole. The average number of holes after which pro golfers change their golf ball is 5 or 6. This is because the golf balls made today are of durable material. They can take a few strokes before getting damaged.
Can You Use Different Balls in a Round?
Whether or not you can use different balls in a round will generally depend on the local rules. So, during a round, golfers are normally allowed to change their balls as long as there is no local rule against it. Plus, the model and maker of the balls don’t need to be the same either. However, the local one-ball rule in golfing doesn’t allow this practice. So, you might want to get in touch with the local management to make sure.
What Happens If You Run Out of Golf Balls?
Running out of golf balls is rare, but it can happen. If you run out of golf balls during a game, you can borrow one from a fellow golfer or another player. This also includes the X-out ball or practice ball. But, keep in mind that you’ll lose a hole in match play if you play the wrong ball. And, in case you’re in stroke play, you’ll get a two-stroke penalty.
How Many Golf Balls Can You Keep In Your Bag?
Generally, there’s no rule that can prevent you from keeping any number of golf balls in your bag. This means you can keep as many balls as you need or want. In fact, the more the better; this way, you won’t have to worry about lost or damaged balls and can continue the game with peace of mind. Usually, PGA tour players keep an average of nine golf balls in their bags. The number might also depend on how many your caddie can carry at a time.
Why Don’t Golfers Use Colored Balls?
Colored balls would be tough to spot on a golf course. They won’t make the game any easier for the golfers. The white color is easily seen, so professional golf tournaments use white golf balls all around the world. Pro golfers need to see where their balls land; white golf balls make the task easier.
However, it’s not like pros only use white balls; yellow balls have also been used in some instances depending on the ground situation. For instance, think about how hard a white ball would be to spot in the snow.
Can Caddies Tough Golf Balls?
The duty of a caddie is to carry a golfer’s golf bag while they play their game. They’re also responsible to hand over the requested clubs during play. Caddies aren’t generally allowed to touch the balls until and unless they’re instructed to do so.
So, the question “can you change golf balls on the green” doesn’t have a single-word answer. It depends on where you are in the game, and what local rules you have to follow as a player.
The good thing is golf rules only prohibit you from changing your golf ball in certain situations. For instance, you’re not allowed to change it during a hole. But, you can always change your ball if it gets damaged to an extent that it’s unplayable.
Moreover, you can change your golf ball in between holes, or when you’re taking relief. So, the rules around changing your golf ball on the green are flexible and player-friendly. But, keep in mind that you can get penalized and even disqualified if you intentionally break any of the rules. | <urn:uuid:a8b060d5-4cc9-4176-81fb-06e05ffcf9c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bogeyboxgolfclub.com/change-golf-balls-on-the-green/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94389 | 1,275 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Ben Franklin, one of the greatest minds in history and one of my personal favorite people, is known for achievements in a dozen fields of human endeavor. We know him as a scientist, inventor, humorist, entrepreneur, composer, diplomat, revolutionary, public servant, principal architect of the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and so much more and, possibly, as the first self-improvement/personal development expert, too.
According to his Autobiography, when Franklin was 20 years old, he was returning to Philadelphia after spending some time in England. He decided to use the almost 3-month journey to develop a plan of conduct that would help him become a more virtuous and successful person. His plan consisted of working on integrating the 13 virtues listed below into his daily life.
Franklin’s plan was to commit to focusing on just one virtue per week, rather than trying to transform himself all at once. At the end of the 13th week, he would start all over again and continue cycling through the list four times a year. He followed this plan, as closely as possible, every week until his death at the age of 79. Working on these virtues gave him a sense of comfort and happiness and an effective guide through all the struggles to come for his entire life.
Ben Franklin’s 13 Virtues Chart
Franklin created a chart for each virtue and used it to track his progress. The first letter of each day was listed on the top of the chart and the first letter of each virtue was indicated down the left-hand side. Each day, He would add a dot to the appropriate spot on the chart if he felt he had fallen short of meeting that particular virtue. He was known to have carried these charts with him as a reminder of his personal plan of conduct.
These 13 virtues are no less relevant today than they were in Franklin’s time. Next to each virtue on the list is Franklin’s definition. Read through the list and maybe you’ll want to take a crack at this program, yourself.
1. Temperance (“Eat not to dullness and drink not to elevation.”)
2. Silence (“Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself. Avoid trifling conversation.”)
3. Order (“Let all your things have their places. Let each part of your business have its time.”)
4. Resolution (“Resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail what you resolve.”)
5. Frugality (“Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e. Waste nothing.”)
6. Industry (“Lose no time. Be always employed in something useful. Cut off all unnecessary actions.”)
7. Sincerity (“Use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly.”)
8. Justice (“Wrong none, by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty.”)
9. Moderation (“Avoid extremes. Forebear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.”)
10. Cleanliness (“Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes or habitation.”)
11. Chastity (“Rarely use venery but for health or offspring; Never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another’s peace or reputation.”)
12. Tranquility (“Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.”)
13. Humility (“Imitate Jesus and Socrates.”) | <urn:uuid:fd4dfa9a-91b0-4268-9860-a0aaa367664b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michaelmichail.com/ben-franklins-13-virtues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972332 | 784 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Osmia was founded in 1919 by Hermann Böhler and has been for long one of the leading German fountain pens manufacturers, and it was for a short period a Parker subsidiary for european production. Since 1935 the Osmia essentially became a division of Faber-Castell, who started an acquisiton, completed in 1951.
But because the prestige of the brand, acquired by Osmia thanks to the absolute quality of his pens, the trademark was maintained for a long time after the complete acquisition by Faber-Castell. It disappeared only in the early '60s, when the crisis derived from the success of the ballpoint pen pushed Faber-Castell to produce cheaper models.
Osmia was founded in 1919 by Hermann Böhler under the name of Böhler und Cie, in Dossenheim, near Heidelberg. Böhler, as many others of his colleagues who made a similar choice, left Kaweco to create a new company with his brother Georg, leveraging the expertise gained in this field inside Kaweco, during the years in which that company acquired A. Morton & Co. to realize a production of gold nibs.
The initial Osmia production consisted primarily of mechanical pencils and hard rubber safety pens. The Osmia logo was a diamond placed inside a circle. The first version of the logo consisted in a convex Greek cross, but has been reported that given the similarity with its own logo Osmia was brought to court by Montblanc, that required a very high compensation and the complete destruction of the entire production. That would have destroyed the company, but the case was resolved with an agreement and Böhler had to change the symbol transforming the cross in a diamond.
The company name, Osmia, derived from a special metal alloy, called Osmiumalloy for which the Böhler brothers obtained the use thanks to a patent of the Heraeus company in Hanau, The Osmiumalloy was used widely for the tips of the Osmia nibs, and the alloy, though much more expensive, had a much higher quality respect to natural iridium then available in Germany (which contained many impurities that it favoured wear), and allowed the company to provide a lifetime warranty on their pens.
Osmia had a great initial success, becoming in a short time the second largest producer of pens in the country, so that a plant was specially created to produce pens. In the late '20s however sales had slowed and margins were weak, so the company went into financial troubles. In this period Parker, who was trying to expand its business into Europe, began to take an interest in Osmia which was acquired (or with whom took an interest, sources are unclear) in 1928. In this period the company produced the Duofold for the European market, characterized by the imprint "Parker - Osmia A. G. Heidelberg".
During the same period the company continued to produce under the Osmia brand, with mottled hard rubber safety pens, lever filler pens and mechanical pencils, which retained the original logo on the cap. Around 1930, Parker withdrew because the Duofold sales did not have a great success because of a price too high for the German market, and a too rigid nib. The company went into liquidation and in 1932 the trademark and ownership structure was taken over by the "Osmia Füllhalter-Fabrik G. m. b. H.",., again under the direction of the Böhler brothers. It was launched a new line, the Osmia Supra, similar to the Duofold, with an improved button filler, and a brass enameled logo on top of the cap.
In 1932, facing financial difficulties for the return of investment to the Parker, the nib factory was sold to Degussa. In 1933 the pen style was amended to follow the streamlined trend also used by Duofold of the same time. Were also launched other models: the Luxus line, a torpedo-shaped piston filler, and the the Osmia Progress, with a filling system similar to the Vacumatic one. Despite the financial troubles due to end of the cooperation with Parker, Osmia got a good selling success.
Since 1935 the company was gradually acquired by Faber-Castell, even if the final sale of all ownership was made only in 1951. The fountain pens took the inscription A. W. Faber-Castell Dossenheim but nevertheless the continued to bear the Osmia brand and logo, which was well known and respected, until the '60s. In 1938 Hermann Böhler resigned from Osmia to found in Dossenheim another company with its name that produced pens and automatic pencils.
Most of the production of Faber-Castell fountain pens was however done with Osmia trademark. In 1935 were introduced several models with different filling systems. Using the piston filler were: the Supra Luxus in chiseled black celluloid, produced in the 42, 44 and 46 measures, the Supra in the black or blue or silver or gold colors, with a black cross-striped transparent section produced in the 72, 74, 76, and 78 measures, the Brilliant similar to the Supra but only in black celluloid and in 62, 64, 66 measures, and the Brilliant, black, in 54, 55 and 56 measures.
Using a membrane filling system were the Supra Progress in plain colors (black, green, red, gray, blue, silver and gold) and 192, 193, 194 and 196 measures, and the Osmia Progress in the 92, 93, 94 and 96 measures. Finally using the button filler the Osmia Brilliant produced in black, gold, red and green and 232, 126, 127 and 128 measures.
In the late '30s, because of World War II, like all other German manufacturers the company suffered major difficulties, but despite the production was reduced for the call to arms of most of the employees, it remained active. After the war, not having the facilities suffered significant damage, production was resumed at full speed from 1946, proposing the same models of before, but with only with a piston filler and with the explicit endorsement (in addition to the Osmia brand and logo) of A. W. Faber-Castell.
In the '50s Osmia introduced a series of new models like the Supra 880, in three sizes (2, 3 and 4) in black, with a band on the cap and an ink level indicator, the Supra 666 in four sizes (1, 2, 3 and 4), in black, gray and pearl and red and pearl colors, with rings ont the cap and gold and steel nibs, the Osmia 74D in black plastic, designed to make carbon copies, and the Osmia 52 for the student market.
Starting from 1955 were introduced two more streamlined models: the most prestigious, which were intended to compete with the Montblanc 146 and 149, were 446 and 448, with three ring and the logo engraved on the cap, bicolored gold nib and a straight clip. To these followed the mid-range models 882, 883 and 884, in black or green stripes, a band on the cap and a beak clip.
In the early '60s the Osmia trademark was no longer used; a number of hooded nib plastic models were introduced, they were thinner than previous one and marked A. W. Faber-Castell, with a transparent section for ink level view. The luxury line was called 66, with body in black, red, blue or green plastic, rolled gold cap and gold nib, the mid range models were called Faber-Castell Progress and produced in three versions: the 77S in plastic with a steel nib, the 55S with silver cap, plastic body and steel nib, the 55G with gold nib. It was also produced a student model called 54VT, because the Vest Tank, with a secondary reservoir usable through a valve.
In the late '60s, as for most of the other fountain pens producers, having also completely erased a prestigious brand that enjoyed a wide popularity, sales had an irreversible decline, holding only partially for the students pens. In 1975, during a corporation restructuration, Faber-Castell completely eliminated the entire field of fountain pens production, resuming today, with the return of interest for this popular writing tool.
In the early '60s Faber-Castell ceased to use the Osmia trademark, starting to a production of cheap models for the scholastic market marked only by its brand name, with a drastic reduction in sales, accentuated even more by having removed from the market a prestigious brand.
|1919||the company is founded by Hermann Böhler in Dossenheim as Böhler und Cie|
|1928||Parker acquire Osmia for the european production|
|1930||Parker retires from Osmia and the Osmia GmbH is founded|
|1932||Degussa acquire the Osmia nib production unit|
|1935||the company introduces the Progress|
|1935||the company introduces the Osmia Supra|
|1935||the company introduces the Supra Progress|
|1935||the company introduces the Brilliant|
|1935||the company introduces the Osmia Supra Luxus|
|1935||the company introduces the Osmia Brilliant|
|1935||Faber-Castellbegins Osmia acquisition|
|1938||Hermann Böhler leaves Osmia to found Böhler|
|1946||the company restarts production|
|1951||Faber-Castell complete Osmia acquisition| | <urn:uuid:0d50ad95-d9fd-4629-990e-74fe2a9d8eb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://wiki.penciclopedia.it/Osmia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.960372 | 2,114 | 1.96875 | 2 |
3 years & up. This unique Scratch Color Sheets is sure to amaze children during arts and crafts. Simply scratch the paper with the tool provided, and it reveals a rainbow of colors for creative designs and art. These sheets promote the development of fine motor skills, creativity, sensory learning, and cause and effect. Encourage children to write their names, draw, or follow along with a design you provide. Paper measures 8.5" x 11" and includes 108 sheets. | <urn:uuid:aaa5b91b-90e4-44b0-8d54-d8dae846adcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kaplanco.com/shop/arts-and-crafts/miscellaneous?prc=5&age=3&at1=KEX | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941384 | 117 | 1.742188 | 2 |
When gout becomes chronic, relieving the exacerbation can be very difficult. Chronic form increases the risk for blood vessels, heart and kidneys. Therefore, it is very important to establish a diagnosis on time and then properly treat and prevent the occurrence of exacerbations of gout. “Klinika Zdorovya” has vast experience in the treatment of acute and chronic forms of gout and demonstrates a systematical approach to the treatment of this complicated disease.
Gout is a systemic disease that develops due to inflammation in places of deposition of crystals of sodium monorate in groups of people with a high levels of uric acid, due to environmental factors and genetic factors.
Gout is one of the components of the metabolic syndrome, which in addition to elevated uric acid levels includes abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, impaired cholesterol metabolism and arterial hypertension. Also, in these patients the "density" of the arterial wall is increased, which leads to the progression of atherosclerosis and its complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke. Gout is also dangerous for the occurrence of chronic renal failure.
Treatment of gout in the clinic "Health Practice" is versatile. This means that we treat not only joints, but also bring back to normal:
- arterial pressure;
- blood sugar;
- body weight;
- the state of the cardiovascular system;
- kidney function.
The main therapeutic measures are:
- diet No. 6 with the exception of purine-containing products, purines in the process of decay turn into crystals of uric acid;
- taking medications in combination with physiotherapy, which inhibit the synthesis or enhance the excretion of uric acid and have an anti-inflammatory effect.
The basis of this method is the influence of cold factors, which cause a decrease in the temperature of biological tissues not lower than the cryostability limit (5-10 degrees) and do not cause destruction. Under the influence locally applied cold, significant spasm of blood vessels occurs, blood viscosity increases, the metabolic rate and tissue oxygen demand are shortened. A decrease in the excitability of pain and tactile receptors under the influence of cold leads to severe local analgesia and anesthesia. Hypothermia contributes to the inhibition of the activity of the inflammatory process while stimulating tissue regeneration and increasing the overall stability of the body. Cold reduces tissue damage, slows down the absorption of toxic products
This method is based on the passage of electric current through human tissues. For the treatment of gouty arthritis, there is a protocol in which currents are used that reduce inflammation, joint pain, reduce the manifestations of acute and chronic edema, and cope with inflammation better than medications without their side effects.
We at our clinic make extensive use of Acupuncture in the treatment of gout. We use its options, such as acupuncture and microwave therapy. Microwave therapy affects the body through electromagnetic waves, which act on biologically active points and have several key effects. Acupuncture has a mechanical effect on biologically active points. The result of acupuncture is:
- increased excretion of uric acid from the body;
- joints inflammantion reduction;
- protection of cartilage from destruction;
- restoration of normal metabolism.
For patients with gout, we’ll use a weight loss program that includes a specific needle-therapy, exercise therapy, and dietary correction over time.
If you have gout and joint pain, especially if it does not go away after taking anti-inflammatory drugs,
Then, contact us at:
Kamenetskaya st, 63, Khmelnitskiy, Ukraine. Klinika Zdorovya
+38 (063) 631-50-35; +38 (098) 997-17-09; +38 (0382) 65-80-21
Before starting treatment, a rheumatologist will examine you, conduct a laboratory examination, and make an ultrasound of the joints.
We will do everything so that you forget about the pain and the reasons that caused it! | <urn:uuid:d0541a54-4aa0-4fc4-bc77-f247d6276874> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://piluiko.com/en/methods/podagra | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.91575 | 853 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Distance sensors provide distance measurement that can be used for terrain following, precision hovering (e.g. for photography), warning of regulatory height limits, collision avoidance etc.
The sensors can usually be connected to either a serial (PWM) or I2C port (depending on the device driver), and is enabled on the port by setting a particular parameter.
This section lists the distance sensors supported by PX4 (linked to more detailed documentation), the generic configuration required for all rangefinders, testing, and simulation information.
Lidar-Lite is a compact, high-performance optical distant measurement rangefinder. It has a sensor range from (5cm - 40m) and can be connected to either PWM or I2C ports.
The MaxBotix I2CXL-MaxSonar-EZ range has a number of relatively short-ranged sonar based rangefinders that are suitable for assisted takeoff/landing and collision avoidance. These can be connected using an I2C port.
The rangefinders are enabled using the parameter SENS_EN_MB12XX.
Lightware SFxx Lidar provide a range of lightweight "laser altimeters" that are suitable for many drone applications:
- SF10/A (25 m)
- SF10/B (50 m)
- SF10/C (100m) (Discontinued)
- SF11/C (120 m)
- SF/LW20 (100 m) - Waterproofed (IP67) with servo for sense-and-avoid applications
Drivers exist for both I2C and serial ports (not all devices are supported for both serial and I2C).
TeraRanger provide a number of lightweight distance measurement sensor based on infrared Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology. They are typically faster and have greater range than sonar, and smaller and lighter than laser-based systems. PX4 supports:
- TeraRanger One (0.2 - 14 m) (Requires an I2C adapter)
- TeraRanger Evo 60m (0.5 – 60 m)
- TeraRanger Evo 600Hz (0.75 - 8 m)
All TeraRanger sensors must be connected via the I2C bus. While TeraRanger One requires an I2C adapter any sensor from TeraRanger Evo series can be connected directly to the autopilot.
The sensors are enabled using the parameter SENS_EN_TRANGER (you can set the type of sensor or that PX4 should auto-detect the type).
If using auto-detect for Evo sensors the minimum and maximum values for the range are set to the lowest and highest possible readings across the Evo family (currently 0.5 - 60 m). In order to use the correct max/min values the appropriate model of the Evo sensor should be set in the parameter (instead of using autodetect).
The Terranger One is used in the Qualcomm Snapdragon Flight.
The Aerotenna uLanding Radar is compact microwave rangefinder that has been optimised for use on UAVs. It has a sensing range of 45m. A particular advantages of this product are that it can operate effectively in all weather conditions and over all terrain types (including water).
LeddarOne is small Lidar module with a narrow, yet diffuse beam that offers excellent overall detection range and performance, in a robust, reliable, cost-effective package. It has a sensing range from 1cm to 40m and needs to be connected to a UART/serial bus.
The Benewake TFmini Lidar is a tiny, low cost, and low power LIDAR with 12m range.
PX4 also supports the Bebop rangefinder.
The rangefinder is configured using EKF2_RNG_* parameters. These configure information about the offset of the rangefinder from the centre of the vehicle body, the approximate delay of data reaching the estimator from the sensor, etc.
The rangefinder can be enabled in two ways:
- Set EKF2_HGT_MODE to Range finder (
2). This makes the rangefinder the primary source of height estimation (the default altitude sensor is the barometer).
- Set EKF2_RNG_AID to
1. This makes the vehicle use the rangefinder as the primary source when it is safe to use, but will otherwise use the sensor specified in
The easiest way to test the rangefinder is to vary the range and compare to the values detected by PX4. The sections below show some approaches to getting the measured range.
The QGroundControl Analyze Tool tool and QGroundControl MAVLink Inspector let you view messages sent from the vehicle, including
DISTANCE_SENSOR information from the rangefinder. The main difference between the tools is that the Analyze tool can plot values in a graph.
The messages that are sent depend on the vehicle configuration. You will only get
DISTANCE_SENSORmessages if the connected vehicle has a rangefinder installed and is publishing sensor values.
To view the rangefinder output:
Open the menu Widgets > Analyze:
- Select the message
DISTANCE_SENSOR.current_value. The tool will then plot the result:
You can also use the QGroundControl MAVLink Console to observe the
distance_sensor uORB topic:
listener distance_sensor 5
The QGroundControl MAVLink Console works when connected to Pixhawk or other NuttX targets, but not the Simulator. On the Simulator you can run the commands directly in the terminal.
For more information see: Sensor/Topic Debugging using the Listener Command (PX4 Development Guide).
Lidar and sonar rangefinders can be used in the Gazebo Simulator (PX4 Development Guide). To do this you must start the simulator using a vehicle model that includes the rangefinder.
The iris optical flow model includes a Lidar rangefinder:
make posix_sitl_default gazebo_iris_opt_flow
The typhoon_h480 includes a sonar rangefinder:
make posix_sitl_default gazebo_typhoon_h480
If you need to use a different vehicle you can include the model in its configuration file. You can see how in the respective Iris and Typhoon configuration files:
<include> <uri>model://sonar</uri> </include> <joint name="sonar_joint" type="revolute"> <child>sonar_model::link</child> <parent>typhoon_h480::base_link</parent> <axis> <xyz>0 0 1</xyz> <limit> <upper>0</upper> <lower>0</lower> </limit> </axis> </joint>
<include> <uri>model://lidar</uri> <pose>-0.12 0 0 0 3.1415 0</pose> </include> <joint name="lidar_joint" type="revolute"> <child>lidar::link</child> <parent>iris::base_link</parent> <axis> <xyz>0 0 1</xyz> <limit> <upper>0</upper> <lower>0</lower> </limit> </axis> </joint>
- Rangefinder (Pixhawk.org) - Rangefinders supported by Pixhawk | <urn:uuid:2a8e433d-277b-4adf-b618-695a2be5deac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.px4.io/v1.8.2/en/sensor/rangefinders.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.771656 | 1,648 | 1.875 | 2 |
surfer dudes duds case BY Jtd35 Surfer Dudes Duds Case During the Surfer Dudes case the going concern assumption and opinion an auditor might issue at the end of an audit are a focal point. It is brought up in relation to the audit of the Surfer dudes company. Whether or not to issue a going concern opinion is a tough decision and can have a serious effect on a company. Taking into account the relationship between the audit partner and CEO in this case the issue becomes even touchier. Going concern is an assumption that a particular company will be financially table enough to continue and fulfill its obligations in the present and future.
When an auditor issues a going concern opinion it is because this assumption is not met. An unqualified opinion is issued when all financial statements are thought to be free of material errors. Technically a company could have financial statements free from material errors and deserving of an unqualified opinion but still not meet the requirements of the going concern assumption and therefore have a going concern opinion issued by the auditor. While deciding whether a going concern opinion is appropriate there are several types of information the auditor should consider.
The auditor would need to decide from the information they gathered over the course of their audit whether or not they believe there is substantial doubt that the company will continue as a going concern. If the auditor does have substantial doubt they would then discuss with management any plans that they might have to turn things around. After these considerations they would then decide whether or not there is still substantial doubt that the company ill continue as a going concern. If there is they then would disclose this and write an explanatory paragraph.
If there no longer is considered to be substantial doubt they would then decide whether or not disclosure is necessary. There are many different audit procedures an auditor could perform to decide the appropriateness of a going concern opinion. Some of these are; analytical procedures, review of subsequent events and terms of debt agreements, as well as an inquiry into legal issues and others. Surfer Dude is currently struggling financially and the auditor has substantial oubt that they will continue as a going concern.
If he is to issue a going concern opinion with an explanatory paragraph this might become a self-fulfilling prophecy for Surfer Dude. Even though they are not doing well now, issuing a going concern opinion might cause customers, lenders, and creditors to shy away from doing business with the company causing a very negative affect by completely dooming any chance they had at turning things around. This would then prove the substantial doubt about the company continuing as a going concern to be true.
There might be several implications an audit firm would face in the case of Surfer Dudes if they issued an unqualified report without a going concern explanatory paragraph. One of these would be possible litigation from lenders and creditors who relied on their audit opinion. Another might be litigation from Surfer Dudes themselves claiming the audit tlrm didn’t intorm them about their going concern and therefore didn’t allow for them to make necessary changes. Another alternative is that Surfer Dudes might turn the company around and no one will be affected by the bsence of a going concern explanatory paragraph.
Taking into account everything concerning the Surfer Dudes case Mark should try to come up with a strong argument to convince George issuing a going concern opinion is the right thing to do. He should explain how this would allow George to sit down with the audit firm and discuss plans to turn things around; as well as giving customers, and creditor’s faith that Surfer Dudes is reliable in disclosing important information. CONTENT REQUIREMENTS What is a going concern opinion and what does it mean? How is it dif Requirement 1 erent than an unqualified audit opinion? 3 pts) Requirement 2 What are the types of information the auditor should consider when determining whether a going concern opinion is appropriate? What audit procedures might an auditor perform to determine the appropriateness of the going concern opinion? (5 pts) Requirement 3 How might a going concern opinion become a “ self-fulfilling” prophecy for Surfer Dude? (4 pts) Requirement 4 What are the potential implications to the audit firm if they issue an unqualified opinion without the going concern explanatory paragraph? pts) Requirement 5 How might Mark convince George that a going concern opinion is in the best interests of all parties involved? Give some arguments that Mark might make. (4 pts) WRITING REQUIREMENTS Requirement 1 You MUST include the following in your paper. Underline them, bold them, or italicize them so I can find them easily. Use both “ effect” and “ affect” Use a semi-colon twice Include a proper introduction and a proper conclusion for this paper. In addition, ensure that this paper is cohesive throughout and paragraphs tlow trom one to nother.
This should read like one comprehensive essay rather than answers to specific requirements. Writing Restrictions for this assignment: Any spelling/punctuation requirement included on a prior assignment will also be reviewed for accuracy if included in this paper. For example, since “ than” and “ then” were included on the first assignment, if you use either in this assignment, they must be spelled correctly. Read “ On Writing” for the things I will be looking for in your writing 12-point font Double-spaced Two page maximum
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Do you have more ideas on how to improve Surfer dudes duds case assignment? Please share them with us by writing at the [email protected] | <urn:uuid:b3fec11a-5c4c-4964-8ec8-217f674dc184> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paperprompt.com/surfer-dudes-duds-case-assignment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94471 | 1,481 | 1.84375 | 2 |
TNG strives to be a leader in modeling what it means to have a safe, equitable, diverse, and inclusive company. Our Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Council works with leadership and Human Resources to offer DEI education programs for employees, ensure our policies are supportive and respectful, and recommend recruiting approaches that attain broad-based representation.
Recent DEI initiatives at TNG include:
- Implemented “History of Racism” and “Implicit Bias” trainings for employees
- Established an applicant-tracking system with the goal of enhancing a diverse employee population
- Developed ATIXA DEI Practitioner One: Foundations course
- Created a DEI observances calendar to recognize and honor important dates throughout the year
- Implemented a personal pronouns policy for the purpose of inclusion
- Participating in ongoing outreach to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs), including a recent presentation at Howard University by Tanyka M. Barber, M.H.S., J.D., Partner, TNG
- Developing a climate survey to gather employee feedback and establish a baseline for future strategic plans
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My family and I were refugees from Soviet Russia’s invasion of my parents’ homeland Latvia. My heart goes out to all refugees, particularly those who have had to flee from Ukraine because of the invasion of their homeland. Very little has changed in the last 78 years. For that matter, too little has changed since the Bolshevik Revolution that happened in Russia in 1917. Different dictator, same brutality.
This poem, by Latvian poet, Velta Toma (1912 – 1999) speaks to the soul of a Latvian refugee. To refugees anywhere.
This diaspora happened in the same year Ms. Toma composed her poem.
Aiz manis tumsā zūd ceļi,
deg mājas, un sagrūst tilts.
un visi dzīvie kļūst veļi.
Kā vēju vajāta smilts
es klīstu pa svešām vietām
bez darba, dusas un cilts.
- Velta Toma, (1944)
The translation is my own.
Behind me, the road fades into darkness,
my home burns, the bridge collapses
And all we living become ghosts.
Like a wind-driven grain of sand
I drift through foreign lands
without work, without rest,without kin.
We’ve had the third coldest April in forty-five years in my little corner of the world. The thirteenth coldest since records have been kept. On the fourteenth snow came down thick and fast for maybe a half-hour. It even stuck to the grass. Then it was over as if it had never happened. Usually, the Pacific’s breath keeps our climate mild, even in mid-winter but this isn’t the first time it snowed in May.
We’re all hoping that May will be more like the month described in John Milton’s poem.
Now the bright morning Star, Dayes harbinger,
Comes dancing from the East, and leads with her
The Flowry May, who from her green lap throws
The yellow Cowslip, and the pale Primrose.
Hail bounteous May that dost inspire
Mirth and youth, and warm desire,
Woods and Groves, are of thy dressing,
Hill and Dale, doth boast thy blessing.
Thus we salute thee with our early Song,
And welcom thee, and wish thee long.
Happy May Day!
In 1889 labor activists turned May Day turned into Labor Day in some parts of the world to commemorate the Haymarket riot in Chicago. It was a terrible event but I wish they’d left the joyous celebration of Floralia, to honor Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers alone, and been content to commemorate workers on the first Monday in September. I guess American influence has its limits.
May first was once considered to be the beginning of summer. A time to dance around the May Pole and for children to surprise friends by bringing them flower baskets, leaving them at the door or hanging them on the doorknob, knocking or ringing the bell, and running away. What a lovely surprise for the recipient.
Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky, The flying cloud, the frosty light; The year is dying in the night; Ring out, wild bells, and let him die.
Ring out the old, ring in the new, Ring, happy bells, across the snow: The year is going, let him go; Ring out the false, ring in the true.
These are only the first two verses of an eight verse poem. I quote only the first two verses because the poem is an elegy, a lament for someone who has passed away. But these two verses seem appropriate for the passing of the old year and the ringing in of the new one.
I wouldn’t want to listen to bells all the time, but I enjoyed hearing the carillons that sung out the hour from the chapel at my alma mater. One of the churches in my town also had a carillon that played from time to time. I enjoyed that, too, but if I’d lived in the neighborhood and had to listen to them all the time, I might not have liked them as much. The carillons at my university still play, but the ones at the church have long since been stilled. I miss them when I go to the library in that neighborhood.
Last night the accursed fan was turned off ten minutes after the beginning of “quiet hours” at ten p.m. The fan went back on promptly at eight this morning and has been on ever since. Unless management intervenes, I expect it to be on for the next ten hours. I need to call them anyway, when I do I’ll remind them of what I mentioned in an email to them a couple of weeks ago–that a fan left on for so many hours can cause a fire.
If I can concentrate I’ll do another blog post later on.
Hold your soul open for my welcoming.
Let the quiet of your spirit bathe me
With its clear and rippled coolness,
That, loose-limbed and weary, I find rest,
Outstretched upon your peace, as on a bed of ivory.
Let the flickering flame of your soul play all about me,
That into my limbs may come the keenness of fire,
The life and joy of tongues of flame,
And, going out from you, tightly strung and in tune,
I may rouse the blear-eyed world,
And pour into it the beauty which you have begotten.
“The Giver of Stars” is also the title of a book by British author, Jojo Moyes. It’s in those pages that I found the first verse of this lovely poem.
Wiki describes Ms. Moyes as a romance writer. Since I’ve read only half of The Giver of Stars, and a summery of her first book, Me Before You, I can’t say for sure that I would agree with that description. Based on what I’ve read of “Stars” I can say that her books are most likely not what Americans would call romance novels even though she has twice won the Romance Novel of the Year award from the Romantic Novelists’ Association. The Giver of Stars seems more like women’s fiction, the story of friendship between five women.
The novel is based on the true stories of women who were traveling horseback librarians who, during the Depression, carried books to people who had no other access to reading materials.
The novel is set in rural Kentucky’s coal country. The main character is Alice Wright, a young English woman who marries a handsome American not just because she’s fallen in love with him, but in order to escape an unhappy home life. Her marriage proves to be a disappointment–a seemingly indifferent husband and an overbearing father-in-law with whom the young couple lives. Seeking escape from her suffocating new home, Alice volunteers to be one of four horseback librarians.
The Giver of Stars is an interesting book for its descriptions of life during the Thirties in rural Kentucky, the lives of the librarians, and the land they live in. Some of the details don’t seem all that believable to me. I’ve caught more than one anachronism. But, after all, this is fiction, not a textbook. The story is good enough for me to overlook minor mistakes. To me this seems like a gentle book. Yes, brutal things happen, but so far they are described innocuously.
Besides the inherent interest of the story, I’m also reading The Giver of Stars to learn why Ms. Moyes’ books have been translated into forty-six different languages and have sold eight million copies. I’m hoping to learn something from her that I can apply to my own writing.
Thomas Hood, English Poet and Humorist 1799 – 1845
Today is very Novemberish, as describe in Thomas Hood’s poem. It’s wet, drab, and foggy. My aparment building is on a knoll from which I can usually see trees, houses, commercial buildings, hills, and mountains. Today I can’t even see across the small valley.
No sun — no moon!
No morn — no noon —
No dawn — no dusk — no proper time of day.
No warmth, no cheerfulness, no healthful ease,
No comfortable feel in any member —
No shade, no shine, no butterflies, no bees,
No fruits, no flowers, no leaves, no birds! —
For me this verse is no more than a bit of hyperbole. I’m lucky enough to live in a state where even in mid-winter it’s never really bleak. The sun makes an appearance, even if a brief one, almost every day. My state’s nickname is the Evergreen State for good reason. Not only do we have conifers, we also have madronas which never lose their leaves. The fog is never so thick that we can’t see anything. But even if things are never as bleak as Hood describes them, it can feel that way when it’s been raining without a break for days on end.
However, for Hood living in London during the Industrial Revolution his poem was most likely an accurate description of how things were. Coal was the chief source of energy. Contemporary writer Hugh Mill writes about “the lurid gloom of the atmosphere that overhangs it” (the city) and its “innumerable chimneys.” The smog used to be so bad that it entered buildings, homes, theaters, concert halls, among others. Add November’s gloomy weather and it must have been more gloomy than we can imagine. Is it any wonder that Hood died so young?
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.
Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,
Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.
Where are the songs of spring? Ay, Where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river sallows, borne aloft
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
Even though it’s early these last couple of nights, I’ve felt a tang of autumn in the air. But it seems that everything’s wrong side around these days.
No spring nor summer beauty hath such grace
As I have seen in one autumnal face.
Young beauties force our love, and that's a rape,
This doth but counsel, yet you cannot scape.
If 'twere a shame to love, here 'twere no shame;
Affection here takes reverence's name.
Were her first years the golden age? That's true,
But now she's gold oft tried and ever new.
That was her torrid and inflaming time,
This is her tolerable tropic clime.
Fair eyes, who asks more heat than comes from hence,
He in a fever wishes pestilence.
Call not these wrinkles, graves; if graves they were,
They were Love's graves, for else he is no where.
Yet lies not Love dead here, but here doth sit
Vow'd to this trench, like an anachorit;
And here till hers, which must be his death, come,
He doth not dig a grave, but build a tomb.
Here dwells he; though he sojourn ev'rywhere
In progress, yet his standing house is here:
Here where still evening is, not noon nor night,
Where no voluptuousness, yet all delight.
In all her words, unto all hearers fit,
You may at revels, you at council, sit.
This is Love's timber, youth his underwood;
There he, as wine in June, enrages blood,
Which then comes seasonabliest when our taste
And appetite to other things is past.
Xerxes' strange Lydian love, the platan tree,
Was lov'd for age, none being so large as she,
Or else because, being young, nature did bless
Her youth with age's glory, barrenness.
If we love things long sought, age is a thing
Which we are fifty years in compassing;
If transitory things, which soon decay,
Age must be loveliest at the latest day.
But name not winter faces, whose skin's slack,
Lank as an unthrift's purse, but a soul's sack;
Whose eyes seek light within, for all here's shade;
Whose mouths are holes, rather worn out than made;
Whose every tooth to a several place is gone,
To vex their souls at resurrection:
Name not these living death's-heads unto me,
For these, not ancient, but antique be.
I hate extremes, yet I had rather stay
With tombs than cradles, to wear out a day.
Since such love's natural lation is, may still
My love descend, and journey down the hill,
Not panting after growing beauties. So,
I shall ebb on with them who homeward go.
I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck, The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands, The wood-cutter’s song, the ploughboy’s on his way in the morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown, The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, The day what belongs to the day—at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.
Walt Whitman was born on Long Island in 1819 and died in New Jersey in 1892. He is considered the father of free verse and is one of America’s most influential poets.
He self-published “Leaves of Grass,” which was considered to be obscene because of its sensuality.
During the Civil War Whitman went to Washington and worked in a hospital caring for wounded soldiers.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, American lecturer, poet, essayist, Transcendentalist.
Transcendentalism: an idealistic philosophical and social movement which developed in New England around 1836 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures. | <urn:uuid:78c53d9e-213d-470b-a667-5e367d390b3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://come-follow-my-blog.com/category/poems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.951386 | 3,613 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Bitten disc on the angle grinder, how to unscrew the nut
Angle grinder. an indispensable tool for various types of work. It’s even worse when the tool fails and a disc bites. In this case, it is not possible to remove the nozzle, because the nut is jammed. There is an easy way to twist closed fixture by heating, which we will tell in the article.
Malfunctions most often occur when working with strong materials. When starting the angle grinder operates at a speed of 6000-12000 revolutions per minute. The disc encounters the work surface and gets the strongest resistance. It slows down a little, while the motor continues to spin in the same mode.
This causes the retainer nut to be screwed sharply into the thread of the spindle. It is no longer possible to unscrew it with the conventional wrench.
Sliding Angle Grinder Stand 3 in 1
Open-end wrench and socket head
To remove a permanently tightened retainer angle grinder you can use a wrench for 17 and a socket head for 24. However, they have to be refined before such non-standard use. The wrench needs to be ground to a thickness of 4 mm, and on the head to grind out the ledges for the holes on the retainer of the angle grinder.
Dismounting proceeds as follows. The wrench is inserted under the abrasive and the socket head is put on the flange. Next, the two tools have to be turned in the opposite direction from each other. The nut should then be able to be unscrewed without any effort.
These tools often replace special tools, or are used as an adjunct. It is several times easier to loosen the clamping of the abrasive disc with these tools than with the standard version.
Warming the spigot
An effective method of removing a nut from a device that has become jammed is to heat it up. The latch can be heated with a burner or construction hairdryer and unscrewed “hot. This method is really good, but you should be careful because of carelessness can accidentally damage the plastic body of the angle grinder or damage the gearbox of the tool.
Breaking the retainer with a torch or drill
If the retaining nut is too tight, it can be removed with a torch or power drill in chisel mode. The advantage of this method is that the angle grinder is not affected in any way and reworking of any tools is not necessary. To unscrew it, you insert a 6 mm drill bit in the tool. It should be set against the edge of the clamp, and by briefly engaging it, tear off the connection. The spindle of the angle grinder must be secured. This is probably the best way, if the clamp can not be removed.
How to install it correctly?
Installing a blade on a power tiller is not that difficult. You can change it simply by following the instructions, although there are nuances.
The first thing to do is to mount the disc in the correct direction
It is especially important if it is a cutoff disc. Usually the side of the disc with the label and therefore its application area is slightly different from the other side
It may not be revealed immediately, but with prolonged intensive work the difference will not only be noticeable. it will be obvious.
On the side on which the label is affixed, put a wide pressure washer, it and the moving nut when it is screwed (disk installation). The nut slides on the polished surface of the washer, without it, it will be harder to torque or unscrew because the abrasive will hold the nut firmly and more force will be required
This is especially important if a disc needs to be replaced quickly or if it has broken (jammed)
Disc saws or other products that have teeth or a significant difference in the two sides are not normally a problem. For example, to fix a grinding disc in the opposite direction is not possible: it simply will not work.
Discs on a stone, including diamond, have a special indicator of rotation in the form of an arrow: installing them, you must take into account where the rod will rotate.
It is also important to consider the size of the blade when installing. Under no circumstances should you neglect safety and remove the protective cover. it is better to pick up the disc of appropriate diameter
Best Angle Grinders in 2022 [Top 5 Angle Grinders Review]
Sometimes “angle grinder” of smaller dimensions is put on the worked disk from a large machine. However, the worked disc tends to cut worse, the working surface is limited to about half the radius of the disc, the structure is slightly different. The disk burns faster and does less work. This operation may be justified if the stem diameter is the same. But it is impossible to change it back.
No debris must get under the disc when it is installed. Of course, the clamping nut can squeeze small objects, something will be pressed into the surface of the disc. But an imperceptible misalignment will cause a shift of the rotation plane and, as a consequence, a strong vibration of the whole mechanism, it may result in the disc destruction and, of course, one should not hope for an accurate cut in such a case.
The clamping nut must be unscrewed with the wrench supplied with the tool. In order to prevent the rod from rotating, it must be locked by pressing a special button. Unscrew the nut while holding the button depressed.
After the nut is twisted, the disc is put on the freed rod, with the front side facing outward, and you must make sure it is set exactly into place.
In the set of a new “angle grinder” always includes a number of cardboard pads. when installing the disk to put them so that they were between the disk and the clamping elements. These spacers will help unscrew a broken or jammed disc.
Then turn the nut by hand up to the stop and tighten it with the special wrench. That’s it, the angle grinder is ready for use.
The first way
How to remove the disk from the angle grinder, if it is broken and tightly clamped by the clamping nut? Of course, you can try to use a special key for the angle grinder or a gas. However, judging by the reviews, making enormous efforts and spending time, the master may not get the expected result. It is easier and quicker to disassemble. To do this, use pliers to completely break the disk. Since small splinters will be flying during the work, the master will need protective goggles (mask) and gloves.
Then you need to take a metal plate, which is less thick than the disk. This plate will be used to grind off the remnants of the disc. For this you need to turn on the angle grinder, and the metal piece is securely clamped with pliers. After these steps the nut can be unscrewed even by hand.
What a way out of the problem is suggested by experts and amateurs
What is a gasket made of newspaper. This is a paper washer to the size of the nut. It is put on the installed disc and a nut is screwed on top. This piece of paper was a stumbling block, because the safety inspection has always broadcast the harmfulness of such a solution.
The installation of gaskets made of any other material is treated in the same way by the representatives of the safety authorities:
But there is a solution that does not contradict the safety requirements, and allows the normal installation and removal of the disc. This is a special nut, which consists of two elements. a nut and a pressure washer. The use of such a nut does not require any pads, because with it the disk does not jam.
If there is no special spanner handy, skilled craftsmen offer to do without a spanner. It does not mean that one can do without a wrench at all, but use a “gas wrench” or other implement. To do this, you need to clamp the retainer, clamp the nut with a gas wrench and unscrew it. This way you can replace a jammed disk, but this is a very inconvenient operation for one person.
There are also suggestions to clamp the disk by hand and unscrew it that way. Maybe, but it’s unlikely to change broken discs that way. It is better to use wrenches that are designed to remove and install discs.
Some foreign power tool manufacturers, such as Bosh, produce angle grinders with easily removable nuts. They securely clamp the disc to the tool shaft and are quick and easy to remove for disc replacement.
The first way
How to remove the disk from the angle grinder, if it is broken and tightened by the clamping nut? Of course, you can try to use a special key for the angle grinder or a gas key. However, judging by the reviews, after making enormous efforts and spending time, the master may not get the expected result. Dismantle can be easier and faster. To do this, you need to use pliers to completely break the disk. Due to the fact that during the work will fly small splinters, the master will need protective goggles (mask) and gloves.
Then you need to take a metal plate with a thickness less than the disk. This plate will be used to grind off the remains of the nut. To do this, turn on the angle grinder and securely clamp the metal piece with pliers. After performing these actions, the nut can be unscrewed even by hand.
Measures to avoid jamming
So, now you know how to remove the jammed disc from the angle grinder, but you need to take care in advance about the safe use of the angle grinder to save yourself from having to take measures to eliminate abnormal situations.
Such measures include the following:
Fit cardboard or plastic washers between flange, disc and spindle head. They will prevent the tool from jamming and if the disc is corked you can remove or melt it and easily unscrew the disc.
- The assembly of the grinding wheel must be carried out correctly. To do this, the face must be placed on the supporting flange (i.e.е. picture to the gearbox). It must in no case be in contact with the jam nut. In that case, the washer that will keep it from jamming will be the standard ring of metal in the center.
- On the clamping flange should be welded to the simplest nut, which will give the opportunity to press the installed wheel for cutting with the usual wrench.
- Check tightening torque. You shouldn’t put too much effort into tightening the cutting element, as otherwise it will start to jam under heavy load.
It remains to learn about the safety rules. | <urn:uuid:7bb05cac-7afd-4b8b-b2ee-52fb60fa91c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://graf-martinez.info/an-angle-grinder-gets-bitten-what-to-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.910628 | 2,612 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Printable D&d Map Tiles – printable daily planner, printable daily schedule, printable dice, Maps can be an crucial method to obtain main information and facts for ancient research. But exactly what is a map? This really is a deceptively basic concern, up until you are required to provide an response — it may seem significantly more hard than you think. Nevertheless we deal with maps on a daily basis. The mass media employs them to determine the position of the most up-to-date worldwide turmoil, a lot of textbooks incorporate them as images, so we seek advice from maps to help you us browse through from place to spot. Maps are extremely commonplace; we often bring them without any consideration. Yet sometimes the acquainted is way more complicated than it appears.
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A map is described as a counsel, typically on a flat surface, of any total or a part of an area. The task of a map is usually to identify spatial partnerships of particular features that this map strives to signify. There are many different types of maps that make an attempt to symbolize distinct things. Maps can display political borders, population, bodily characteristics, all-natural solutions, roadways, environments, height (topography), and monetary actions.
Maps are designed by cartographers. Cartography relates both study regarding maps and the entire process of map-generating. It has progressed from simple sketches of maps to the application of personal computers and also other technologies to help in making and bulk generating maps.
Map of the World
Maps are often recognized as exact and exact, which happens to be true only to a degree. A map of your overall world, without distortion of any type, has but to be made; it is therefore essential that one inquiries where by that distortion is in the map they are using.
Is really a Globe a Map?
A globe is actually a map. Globes are some of the most accurate maps that exist. This is because planet earth is a a few-dimensional object which is in close proximity to spherical. A globe is an accurate counsel from the spherical shape of the world. Maps lose their accuracy and reliability as they are in fact projections of an integral part of or even the entire Earth.
How do Maps signify actuality?
A picture displays all things in their see; a map is an abstraction of actuality. The cartographer selects merely the information that is vital to fulfill the objective of the map, and that is certainly appropriate for its size. Maps use symbols like things, facial lines, location habits and colors to convey details.
There are many kinds of map projections, and also many approaches used to attain these projections. Every projection is most precise at its center position and becomes more distorted the further outside the centre that this gets. The projections are often known as right after both the individual who first tried it, the approach utilized to generate it, or a combination of the two.
Choose from maps of continents, like European countries and Africa; maps of places, like Canada and Mexico; maps of locations, like Main United states and also the Center Eastern; and maps of all the fifty of the usa, along with the Region of Columbia. You can find marked maps, with all the current countries in Parts of asia and South America displayed; load-in-the-blank maps, where we’ve got the describes and you add more the names; and empty maps, in which you’ve acquired edges and borders and it’s your decision to flesh out your particulars.
Free Printable Maps are perfect for instructors to make use of inside their courses. Individuals can utilize them for mapping pursuits and personal research. Getting a vacation? Pick up a map along with a pen and start planning. | <urn:uuid:04b179c6-ed66-407f-b932-7d9e7f76b46f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://printable-map.com/printable-dd-map-tiles/ocresource-hd-printable-modular-dungeon-tiles-and-loads-of-for-printable-dampd-map-tiles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.945001 | 810 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Jefferson County Ghost Towns
Watertown Daily Times, “In Times Square”, 03 05 1988
We had an interesting conversation with Eva Melcher of Fort Atkinson the other day, in which she told us about some "ghost towns" in Jefferson County as well as the number of post offices which were at one time located in the area.
She produced an old Jefferson County map which was current for the period Jan. 15, 1895, through March 15, 1904. That map listed several communities which today are no more than a wide spot in the road. The map also listed the communities in the county which had post offices during that era.
Some of the "ghost towns" she listed and which were included on the map, were Ebenezer, Aliceton, Navan, Harvey, Bernhard, Ripley and Weiner. Today these towns are nothing more than a township road, but back then they must have been the center of some activities because they all had post offices.
There are several other communities which are still known today, but no longer have a post office. They include Grellton, Farmington, Concord (then known as Union Center) and Oakland.
This old map also lists all of the old one-room schools in the county, and the list is a long one. At that time none of the schools had names other than "School No. 6" etc. However, it appears from the map that no one lived more than a few miles from a school. The location of the schools all over the county also makes me pause and reflect as to whether or not some of the tales we hear today about how far some of the older folks had to walk to school had been exaggerated a bit!
Mrs. Melcher has some first-hand information on Aliceton because she was born and raised there.
For those who don't know where Aliceton is (or was) it is located about five miles south of Watertown on County Trunk Highway D. A road named Aliceton Road branches off of D and that's where that little town was located. Today County Trunk D has been reconstructed and moved a bit so Aliceton Road is a more accurate location.
She said Francis W. Metcalf built a store and a house at that location, and was the first and only postmaster of Aliceton. He was postmaster from 1895 until 1904. He married Alice Aspinwall and it was in honor of her first name that he proclaimed that location to be Aliceton.
Back then Aliceton consisted of a butter factory (later a cheese factory), the Metcalf house, another home, a horse barn and a chicken house.
Metcalf's store was also the location of the post office. The store, Mrs. Melcher recalled, offered dry goods, groceries, kerosene, shoe strings, and "you name it."
Mrs. Melcher said her mother clerked there in 1898, handing out mail. In fact, the first customer she had was a fellow by the name of Herman Hilker who later became her husband.
Just in case we have some doubters as to whether or not Aliceton ever existed or if it had a post office, we are including here a copy of a postmark from Aliceton. The letter was postmarked June 27, 1899, from the Helenville Insurance Company and has three postmarks. In addition to the one from Aliceton, it was postmarked at Helenville and Watertown. Also, adjacent to this column is a picture of two structures in Aliceton back at the turn of the century.
The store was sold by Metcalf around 1900, primarily because of the failing health of his wife. The business was sold to Theodore Kleinsteiber who operated it until the early 1900s. A major reason for the demise of the business was the opening of the Van Camp Condensery in Watertown. That caused a drop in the factory business and consequently in the store business. The store and the factory were torn down in recent years, but Mrs. Melcher said she remembers just like it was yesterday when the men used to gather at the store on Saturday nights during Kleinsteiber's ownership to play sheepshead by lamplight.
We suspect there are probably some other stories out there about these other "ghost towns” and would be happy to share them with our readers if someone comes forward with the information.
Cross Reference to images our society obtained in 2012: | <urn:uuid:f7bfa8dc-3a3d-42da-982c-027178219e95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dodgejeffgen.org/archive/JeffersonCountyGhostTowns.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.98797 | 915 | 1.835938 | 2 |
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Essay types of families
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Easter lunch menu essay and biography essay prompt
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Forced-air warming is a commonly employed method for keeping patients safe from body temperature drops that occur when they’re anesthetized during surgery. Devices such as the Bair Hugger System, manufactured by 3M, are practically ubiquitous in hospitals, where they’re used on a daily basis to aid in vital patient temperature management.
In recent years, those devices have come under criticism from those who maintain the moving air can contribute to a risk of surgical site infections. Perhaps by no coincidence, some of those criticisms have been leveled by manufacturers offering an alternative to forced-air warming systems.
To get the perspective of strong advocates on the safety and value of forced-air warming devices, Surgical Products interviewed Al Van Duren, the scientific affairs director of the infection prevention division of 3M.
Why is it important to prevent hypothermia during surgery? What are the benefits?
The evidence is clear that patients benefit from warming therapy before, during, and after surgery. A large number of scientific and clinical studies have shown that maintaining a patient’s normal body temperature (normothermia) correlates with decreased surgical site infection (SSI) rates — and that it can also help reduce blood loss, shorten the length of hospital stays, and help hospitals avoid additional costs. Patient testimonials also show that warming therapy can increase patient comfort and satisfaction. That is why patient warming has become an integral part of infection prevention practice.
What is the most widely used method of patient warming?
Forced-air warming is the most researched and by far the most widely used method for patient warming in the United States and worldwide — because it works. The 3M Bair Hugger system is used by 8 of the top 10 orthopedic facilities because it’s safe and effective. In fact, more than 200 million patients have been successfully warmed in surgery over the past 30 years. The Bair Hugger system’s safety and efficacy is evidenced in more than 170 clinical and scientific studies. 3M is dedicated to patient safety and working hard every day to continue being the innovative leader in this important medical device category.
Some people allege that forced-air warming may actually increase infection risk? Is that true?
There is absolutely no evidence — not one scientific study — that shows the 3M Bair Hugger system causes or contributes to surgical site infections. On the contrary, there are many studies that show that maintaining normothermia can improve outcomes and that the Bair Hugger system is an effective means of doing so.
For example, let me cite a review from November 2015, by the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network: “To the best of our knowledge, no adequately powered, properly controlled, statistically significant, reproducible study has been published that demonstrates an increased risk of surgical site infections due to the use of forced-air warming (FAW) devices…. We believe that it is reasonable and appropriate to continue to use FAW warming devices.”
What is the position of regulatory agencies, such as FDA and CDC?
The Bair Hugger system is an FDA-cleared device.
Unfortunately, a competitor of 3M, Augustine Temperature Management, has inaccurately claimed the CDC and FDA have warned people to avoid the use of forced-air warming devices. The CDC and FDA have done no such thing. The competitor selectively highlighted phrases from CDC meetings and publications regarding water-based heater-cooler units used in cardiac procedures — not forced-air warming devices. An article about airborne contaminants in a CDC publication specifically notes that “there appears to be no definite link for surgical site infections’’ from forced-air warming devices. We stand by the safety and efficacy of 3M products, including the Bair Hugger system.
Are there new developments in forced-air warming? What’s the latest?
We remain confident in this technology as do our customers — and we continue to innovate with them in mind. We recently introduced the 3M Bair Hugger Multi-Position Upper Body Warming Blanket for surgical cases that are more difficult to warm due to the lack of available skin surface area. We engineered the new blanket so that it can bend and conform to the patient’s body position while providing uniform temperature therapy. We’re already getting a lot of positive response from the medical community. It’s great to be part of a company with thousands of scientists and engineers, in world-class laboratories, working every day to help healthcare professionals get the best possible outcomes.
This article originally appeared in the January/February 2017 issue of Surgical Products. | <urn:uuid:4cff42b2-ec89-4de1-b15a-8f0d18cf428f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicaldesignandoutsourcing.com/3m-argues-in-favor-of-forced-air-warming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.94122 | 945 | 3.015625 | 3 |
These are the chronicles of two trips/expeditions/walkabouts in Borneo, in winter 2013/2014 (three weeks) and in winter 2015/2016 (four months), respectively.
Split between Malaysia and Indonesia, Borneo is the third largest island on the planet. Its biodiversity is stunning: it hosts some ~15 000 plant species including the giant-flowered Rafflesia; more than 400 birds species including the spectacular hornbills; and more than 200 mammals including rhinos, pigmy elephants, the orangutan and the creepy tarsier.
I visited Borneo for the first time on a short trip in the winter 2013/2014. On that first visit, Borneo struck me as a land of contrasts. Large extensions of its primeval forests have been and are being cut by logging companies. The forest is being replaced by oil palm plantations, with loss of plant diversity and of habitat for animals. In the process, native tribes that were traditionally nomadic have been relocated and forced to become sedentary. Yet, there are successful examples of natural conservation, in which patches of primeval forests are preserved together with their human and animal inhabitant. These conservation areas attract tourism and related profits, suggesting an ecologically sustainable and economically viable alternative to logging and planting oil palm.
I went back to Borneo for four months in the winter 2015/2016 with two goals. One was to document the exploitation of Bornean land and nature, and its consequences on the life and culture of native people. The other was to document the efforts of researchers and conservationists at studying and protecting this island. This trip was inspired by “Stranger in the Forest”, a book I read during my first trip to Borneo. The book tells the adventures of Eric Hansen, a journalist who in 1982 walked across the island on foot. “Stranger in the Forest”, based on the notes and pictures from Hansen’s seven-month-long expedition, paints a fascinating and priceless picture of the nature and the cultures of Borneo at a time when the extensive exploitation of the island’s resources was just starting. On my second trip, twenty-three years after Hansen’s, I tried to understand how and how much Borneo has changed. In doing so I benefited of my background as an ecologist, as well as of my personal knowledge of ecologists active in Borneo, both locals and foreigners. First, I visited friends and colleagues working as researchers and conservationists in Borneo. In the second and more challenging part of my trip I attempted at retracing Eric Hansen’s steps while crossing Borneo west to east, visiting the same areas he passed by in the eighties and comparing what he described with what I saw. | <urn:uuid:15d7c4b3-98a6-4d8e-b2eb-f1b1ddee4a6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://borneo.marcoplebani.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.964752 | 584 | 1.96875 | 2 |
5 must learn programming language for data science and machine learning professionals
Learning programming languages is the first step in becoming a data scientist or machine learning expert. You should be familiar with several programming languages for your practical work and self-learning. This post briefly overviews the top must-know programming languages for data science and machine learning professionals.
R Programming Language
R is open source software, free of charge, released under the GNU General Public License. The latest stable version is R 3.4, with minor updates released every six months. There are also many packages on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network), which provide additional functionality when working with data sets in R itself. It is used extensively in academic environments to teach statistical methods and to develop statistical software.
Python is a programming language for web development, data analysis, and machine learning. It's also one of the most popular languages to learn as a beginner, thanks to its simple syntax and readability.
It is a high-level programming language with dynamic typing that makes it easier to write programs using fewer lines of code than other languages like C++ or Java. The syntax is not complicated, so you can learn how things work without getting lost in technical jargon or complex grammar rules that don't apply in real-life situations.
It is a structured query language used to create, read, update and delete data in a database. The SQL statements are written in English sentences or commands and separated by semicolons (;).
SQL has been for many years, and several variations exist across different databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.
Scala is a modern general-purpose programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way. It is an immaculate language with an expressive syntax that makes it easy for developers to work with large amounts of data.
Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented computer programming language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
This language is among the most popular in the Data Science industry. It has many advantages over other languages. It's easy to learn and still provides excellent performance when solving complex problems with Machine Learning algorithms.
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This week, the Maine Senate unanimously passed a resolution calling on Congress and President Bush to bury Fast Track once and for all, and replace it with a "more democratic and inclusive mechanism that entails meaningful consultation with states."
It's nice to see the state senate send this kind of message to the Maine congressional delegation, particularly to Senator Olympia Snowe (R-Maine), who sits on the Finance committee, which oversees trade policy. That state legislators are slowly coming to realize that trade agreements no longer are limited to matters of federal jurisdiction, but instead have become a sneaky backdoor form of international preemption, could play a key role in the debate.
What's more, Maine's not the only state where state legislators are asking Congress to nix Fast Track and create a U.S. trade policy that actually benefits both trading partners and doesn't sacrifice democracy at the state and local level. Similar resolutions to Congress have been introduced in at least 15 states. The question remains – will Congress listen? | <urn:uuid:3e38b4f3-4008-4ad6-aa78-399328cb23b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://citizen.typepad.com/eyesontrade/2007/04/maine_senate_te.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.935917 | 200 | 1.679688 | 2 |
- 1 How do you get from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu?
- 2 How long does it take to walk up to Machu Picchu?
- 3 How hard is the hike up Machu Picchu?
- 4 Can you hike to Machu Picchu in one day?
- 5 How long does it take to walk to Machu Picchu from Aguas Calientes?
- 6 How fit do you have to be to do the Inca Trail?
- 7 Is hiking Machu Picchu dangerous?
- 8 Is hiking the Inca Trail worth it?
- 9 Is the Inca Trail dangerous?
- 10 What is the hardest hike in the world?
- 11 Why did Machu Picchu fail?
- 12 Do I need hiking boots for Machu Picchu?
- 13 How many miles is the Machu Picchu hike?
- 14 How hard is the one day Inca Trail?
- 15 How much does it cost to hike to Machu Picchu?
How do you get from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu?
The shuttle bus operates from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu and the ride takes about 35 – 40 minutes. The main bus stop in Aguas Calientes is located on Avenida Hermoas Ayer (see map at the bottom of this page), close to the train station and within a 5 minutes’ walk of any tourist hotel in the village.
How long does it take to walk up to Machu Picchu?
The standard Inca Trail trip takes four days, though it’s probably better to do it in five. Travelers who want to see two of the greatest hits of the famous hike but who are short on time can opt for this truncated version, which begins at KM 104 of the Machu Picchu train line.
How hard is the hike up Machu Picchu?
Difficulty | Moderate to a little difficult as there are several steep sections. Day Four: Very early rise (3 a.m.) to reach the entry check-point and hike 1-2 hours to the Sun Gate and Machu Picchu. Difficulty | You’re almost at the end and Machu Picchu, you should be hopping, skipping, and jumping all the way there!
Can you hike to Machu Picchu in one day?
only you have few days in Cusco and you want hike the Inca trail and also visit Machupicchu?, well, you can do the Inca Trail and visit Machu Picchu Citadel in one day, yes in one day Exotic Andean mountains, primitive lush vegetation and extraordinary ecological varieties.
How long does it take to walk to Machu Picchu from Aguas Calientes?
From Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu the trek takes about 1 hour and 30 minutes. Trekking down is a more relaxing option!
How fit do you have to be to do the Inca Trail?
In order to tackle any Machu Picchu trek you need to be in good physical shape. You don’t need to be an olympic athlete but you should be able to walk 5-7 hours a day over relatively tough terrain for 3-4 days in a row. We recommend undertaking a basic training regime (see below) 3-6 months before departing.
Is hiking Machu Picchu dangerous?
While Machu Picchu is a safe and very popular destination in Peru, there are still significant safety risks for those who want to visit. Since July 2017, access to Machu Picchu has been restricted to two sessions daily. This is to preserve the site and protect it from the damage of overcrowding.
Is hiking the Inca Trail worth it?
Hiking the Inca Trail was absolutely worth the $200 dollars per day we each had to spend. We made memories that will last a lifetime and that alone is worth the money. We saw so many ancient ruins along the way that rival Machu Picchu in beauty and preservation that you can only see on the trail.
Is the Inca Trail dangerous?
Like anything in life, the Inca Trail does have risk. But you are far more likely to have an accident on the roads back home, than trekking on the Inca Trail. There is always a risk of landslides in any mountains.
What is the hardest hike in the world?
6 Toughest Hiking Trails in the World Drakensburg Traverse, South Africa. Drakensburg, aka “Dragon Mountain” goes on the list of mountains with names that befit them. Chirripo Peak, Costa Rica. Mount Hua Shan, China. Kalalau Trail, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Caminito del Rey, Málaga, Spain. Rover’s Run, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
Why did Machu Picchu fail?
In the 16th century the Spanish appeared in South America, plagues afflicting the Inca along with military campaigns waged by conquistadors. In 1572, with the fall of the last Incan capital, their line of rulers came to end. Machu Picchu, a royal estate once visited by great emperors, fell into ruin.
Do I need hiking boots for Machu Picchu?
There is absolutely no need to bring hiking shoes if you want to go to Machu Picchu except if you want to do it through the Inca Trail.
How many miles is the Machu Picchu hike?
How far is the short hike to Machu Picchu? The short Inca Trail tour is a piece of an Inca path for a day’s walk covering a Inca Trail lenght of 10 km (6.3 miles ).
How hard is the one day Inca Trail?
The hike is easy to moderately difficult, depending on your fitness level, with just enough Inca stairs to get that sweat glistening on your brow and make you appreciate the rest shelters along the route.
How much does it cost to hike to Machu Picchu?
Reliable and good local operators typically charge around US$700-US $900 per person for a 4D/3N Inca Trail trek. At this price the service will usually involve joining a group of 8-12 trekkers and include the following: Pick-up from your hotel and transport to the start of the trek (KM82) in the Sacred Valley. | <urn:uuid:6291fb94-a0a5-47eb-bbbc-50b3fa56f656> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://stonehengepostcards.com/interesting/question-hike-from-aguas-calientes-to-machu-picchu.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.929259 | 1,354 | 1.546875 | 2 |
In a couple of weeks, Apple will release ARKit with iOS 11 and, overnight, hundreds of millions of Apple devices will become augmented reality-capable machines, giving developers a sort of new mobile gold rush to find their niche and capitalize on the platform Apple CEO Tim Cook has called “big and profound.”
Google has similarly been experimenting with smartphone AR since it first showed off Project Tango to the world in 2014. Three years later the company has some great technology to show off as a result, but very little in the way of actual users. Today, the company is signaling a bit of a reactionary shift in its strategy by releasing a developer preview of ARCore, a platform that will deliver AR capabilities to Android smartphones at a scale Tango was never able to reach.
ARCore is launching on the Pixel and Galaxy S8 (running 7.0 Nougat and above) to start, but by its public launch Google plans to have 100 million Android devices supported for motion-tracked AR that eschews Tango’s 3D mesh formation in favor of surface detection technologies similar to what we’ve seen from ARKit.
With this move, Google is effectively shuttering the Tango brand (read more about that here), a bold move given that it just launched its second Tango device a few weeks ago. This doesn’t mean Google is skirting away from high-end capabilities, something that’s important to note as more rumors emerge about the depth-sensing camera array on the next generation.
“We’ve architected ARCore to be able to perceive a wide variety of sensors,” Google AR/VR head Clay Bavor told TechCrunch. “We foresee, in the future, many more phones having depth-sensing capabilities and as those come into mainstream phones, that’s great, ARCore will work seamlessly with those and benefit from the additional sensing capabilities.”
For now, ARCore is focusing primarily on detecting horizontal planes, managing the device’s own motion tracking and estimating light, something that’s particularly cool to see in action, allowing digital objects to be dynamically lit based on the environment.
ARCore brings the scale to Google’s augmented reality ambitions that directly working with OEMs was never going to do. For smartphone makers using more up-to-date IMUs and cameras, the platform is less demanding than Tango in regards to hardware needs.
For now, most of the ARCore applications look fairly gimmicky, but that’s nothing too unique for the broader smartphone AR space.
Where Google likely could hold its biggest advantage in the space is when it comes to the combination of machine learning tech and AR stuff. At I/O, the company showed off Google Lens, an application that brings some of the real-time computer vision technologies we’ve seen in apps like Google Photos into an AR magic window, doing things like bringing up a restaurant menu when you point it at a storefront. Bavor’s AR/VR teams have coordinated closely with the AI groups at Google to build Lens, though it’s yet to score a release date.
The company is working on bringing AR to other areas through ARCore, including to an experimental build of Chrome, though more details will be available there later. For now the company, is racing to get ARCore on as many devices as possible and build on the Tango technologies in a way that entices developers to get creative with Google’s AR ambitions. | <urn:uuid:cad6aef6-177b-4d28-9fc1-f6f27eefed07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/29/google-shows-off-arcore-its-answer-to-apples-arkit/?ref=producthunt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.932987 | 729 | 1.625 | 2 |
Law of Armed Conflict
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A. General Introduction to the Law of Armed Conflict[edit | edit source]
I. Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols[edit | edit source]
As a historical fact, there has not been a phenomenon as consistent as violence. The sheer prevalence of violence thus gave way to serious efforts to invent rules that those who not directly taking part in violence could be protected from its horrible consequences. Human history suggests that rules and regulations to limit the damage to human sufferings and means of their sustenance were present as early as 3000 BC. Although during those times the content of these rules was not purely humanitarian, their effect was certainly humanitarian. For example, one of the rules of the African traditional law prohibited the poisoning of wells. Given the fact of the legal understanding of the contemporary communities, wherein tribalism triumphed over the promotion of common humanitarian values, and norms, one might question the humanitarian nature of such a law. However, one cannot ignore the humanitarian effects of such laws---aiming to ebb the human suffering by making violence less miserable. And the law aiming to make the wars less inhumane is called the law of armed conflict. Alternatively, it is also called International Humanitarian Law or Jus in Bello.
Hence as an accumulation effect of the centuries' old laws, customs, norms, and traditions in making warfare humane, the modern law of armed conflict took birth against the backdrop of the utterly terrible violence during the battle of Solferino in 1859. The plight of wounded soldiers left to die on the battlefield, later on, compelled the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to devise laws to protect the wounded in wars. As a result of these efforts, the first diplomatic conference in Geneva in 1864 adopted the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. To discuss and promulgate this Convention, 16 states from Europe and Latin America participated in the first Geneva Conference agreeing to the principles directed at the care for the wounded at the battlefield without any distinction of the nationality. The Convention came into effect in 1865. In addition to the Geneva Conventions before the First World War, the role of the Hague Peace Conferences is also important in laying down rules and regulations to give warfare a relatively more humane character. Specifically, the Second Peace Conference, which was held in 1907, laid down detailed rules and regulations related to the conduct of naval warfare. These rules were, subsequently, also enshrined in numerous Geneva Conventions.
The horrific violence directed against both civilians and soldiers during the First World War gave way to urgency in formulating universally applicable rules and regulations to curtail the horrendous character of modern warfare. To translate this vision into action, ICRC and the Swiss government convened a diplomatic conference to devise binding rules to care of the sick and wounded. It also formulated detailed rules to address the issue of prisoners of war. Subsequently, after the Second World War in 1949, under the auspices of ICRC and the Swiss Government a diplomatic conference was held in Geneva aiming to expand the scope of earlier conventions and to enshrine rules aiming at the protection of civilian populations both in times of war and under foreign occupation. Most importantly, though, the said conference agreed to incorporate a common article in all the conventions narrating the applicability of these rules in international as well as non-international armed conflicts.
3. Weapons Law[edit | edit source]
The character of certain weapons is central to end unnecessary suffering and superfluous injuries in warfare. That is why early instruments like the 1868 St. Petersburg Declaration and the Hague Declarations and Regulations prohibited certain weapons causing suffering among the targeted persons. More specifically, the St. Petersburg Declaration banned exploding bullets causing unnecessary injuries. Later, Hague Declarations and Regulations of 1899/1907 also enshrined and protected this ban. Whereof under the rule, the use of projectiles, explosives from balloons, and asphyxiating gases were impermissible. Today, the law of armed conflict contains specific rules on the choice of weapons as means of warfare and is complemented by weapons law in the form of treaties related to different weapons, such as the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention, or the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Moreover, speaking of the nuclear weapons although not outrightly banned by any treaty or court decisions so far, yet the International Court of Justice (ICJ) was categorical in questioning the applicability of the principle of proportionality in context of the usage of nuclear weapons in warfare. In recent times, debates surrounding the banning of autonomous and semi-autonomous also fall under the weapons law and might end up someday as an instrument of such a law.
4. Customary Law[edit | edit source]
Even in the absence of any specific treaty law, parties in a conflict made efforts to spare the lives of innocent civilians, treated prisoners humanely, and exchanged prisoners of war at the conclusion of hostilities. These norms, as an effect of consistent practice and juridical value on the part of warring parties gradually emerged as customary rules of international law. These customs then became part of various treaty laws in one form or the other. Nonetheless, they also continued maintaining their distinctive status as customary International Humanitarian Law. In this context, one might raise questions that given the fact that customary rules find expressions in treaty laws, then why do they need to continue having separate existence as the customary laws? The answer lies in the fact that there can be a state which is non-party to treaty law and may claim exemptions from the humanitarian laws. Despite these efforts, such a state would find it hard to claim any exemption because of customary rules. For further details, see the section on Customary Laws.
II. Principles of the Law of Armed Conflict[edit | edit source]
Various treaties and customary laws enshrine the principles of the law of armed conflict. They are then applicable to both international and non-international armed conflicts. They aim to regulate the conduct of hostilities to "humanize" the warfare without questioning the justifications of the recourse to the war itself. In addition, these principles help to ensure a balance between military necessity and humanitarian protection. Here, it is important to understand
While international armed conflicts involve international actors (states), non-international armed conflicts include violent non-state actors, at least as one party in such conflicts. In this context, however, it is noteworthy that the treatment of non-state actors under non-international armed conflicts does not aim to grant them any legitimacy, rather it strives to safeguard the innocent humans in armed conflicts.
1. Humanity[edit | edit source]
Wars, by the use of deadly weapons of warfare, inherently, involve a horrible display of human conduct. In contrast, certain laws, strive to give war a humane character by prohibiting the cruel and inhuman treatment of opponents. By focusing on the humane treatment of prisoners of war the scope of the relevant laws was later expanded to include wounded, sick, and shipwrecked, as well as those no longer directly participating in war. For example, Article 3 which is common to all Geneva Conventions prohibits the inhumane treatment of all those persons who are not, as well as no more taking part in warfare. Subsequently, the principle of humanity was further elaborated in Additional Protocol I through Article 75(1): whereof the said Article provides that it is incumbent upon all parties in a conflict that humans
under this Protocol shall be treated humanely in all circumstances and shall enjoy, as a minimum, the protection provided by this Article without any adverse distinction based upon race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth or other status, or on any other similar criteria. Each Party shall respect the person, honour, convictions and religious practices of all such persons.
Article 4 of Additional Protocol II further emphases that no circumstance in warfare can deprive a human of its right to be treated as human. Apart from the fact of being enshrined and underlined in various treaty laws, the principle of humanity has also become an important norm of customary international law. Such an importance thus underlines that, be a state or non-state violent actor, they are equally liable to uphold the principle of humanity.
2. Distinction[edit | edit source]
Distinction implies who and what can be targeted or not, when perpetrating violence. Due to its centrality within the legal discourse, distinction has emerged as a primary principle of general and customary international law. Underlining the fact, the International Court of Justice referred distinction as the 'cardinal' principle of International Humanitarian Law. In the conduct of hostilities while civilians and civilian objects are never a lawful target, military objects and combatants can lawfully be attacked. However, under certain conditions, there can be permissible collateral damage to civilians and civilian objects. However, for a meaningful understanding and interpretation of this principle it is important to read it in relation to other rules ensuring the safety of civilians, until and unless they directly participate in hostilities and prohibiting attacks against those persons classified as hors de combat. Historically, every code of violent conduct and legal tradition stressed, albeit to varying degrees, the protection of those humans and objects not engaging in violence and not becoming accessories to it. Within the secular tradition, however, the principle of distinction was established, for the first time, in the St. Petersburg Declaration of 1868. The Declaration states "the only legitimate object which States should endeavor to accomplish during war is to weaken the military forces of the enemy". The 1899/1907 Hague Regulations (Article 25) meanwhile though did not, specifically, use the word 'civilians' yet they sought to outlaw "the attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings which are undefended". Which might be interpreted as an attempt to protect the civilians in wars and draw a distinction between those armed to take part in the fighting and those avoid becoming accessory to it.
Speaking of the modern treaty law relating to the law in war, Article 48 of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 provides that
(I)n order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives.
With their emphasis in varying degree, thus, all the above mentioned legal rules note the importance of taking utmost care in military operations to ensure that no civilian or civilian object falls victim to the violence, characteristically, meant to be directed against combatants or military objectives.
a) Combatants and Military Objects[edit | edit source]
Specifically defining combatants and military objects, Article 57 (2)(b) of the Additional Protocol I states that
an attack shall be canceled or suspended if it becomes apparent that the objective is not a military one or is subject to special protection or that the attack may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
The said Article stresses that it is important to direct armed attacks only against combatants and military objects. The realization of this objective is so central in upholding laws in war that an armed attack ought to be cancelled at any stage of planning or execution rather than harming non-combatants or non-military objects.
b) Civilians and Civilian Objects[edit | edit source]
To ensure the safety of civilian lives in wars, Article (13)2 of Additional Protocol II prohibits attacking civilian populations as well as treating any civilian person as an object of attack. It also outlaws those attacks or threats of violence causing terror among the civilians. In the same vein, Article 57(1) of the Additional Protocol I states that "in the conduct of military operations, constant care shall be taken to spare the civilian population, civilians and civilian objects". The said Protocol, furthermore, laying out the point of the centrality of the safety of civilians, in its sub-Article 57 (2)(a)(ii) stresses that all parties in a conflict should take utmost care ‘‘in the choice of means and methods of attack with a view to avoiding, and in any event to minimizing, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects".
3. Military Necessity[edit | edit source]
In armed conduct, military necessity comes into play when translating military objectives into violent force deployment. It also sets benchmarks for qualifying means and methods in a military operation. More precisely, Article 4 of the Leiber Code defines military necessity, "as understood by modern civilized nations, consists in the necessity of those measures which are indispensable for securing the ends of the war, and which are lawful according to the modern law and usages of war". However, it is also noteworthy that while military necessity might be an outcome of military objectives, yet every violent act should have its own justification for qualifying as a permissible act in warfare. And such a justification should entail the requirements of another basic principle of warfare, that is, proportionality. As part of earlier attempts to explain and codify this norm, Article 23(g) of the Hague Regulations of 1899/1907 prohibited "to destroy or seize the enemy's property, unless such destruction or seizure be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war".
4. Proportionality[edit | edit source]
In any given armed conflict, proportionality entails the essence of perpetrating lawfully acceptable violence when conducting hostilities. Due to its centrality in assessing the justifications of warfare, the principle of proportionality is enshrined in various principles as explained above. Exclusively, it is elaborated in Articles 51 and 57 of the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Whereof Article 51(5)(b) states that "an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated". However, the said article, in view of the usage of humans as shields---emphasizes that such treatment of civilians will not make the military targets immune from attacks. Resultantly, the responsibility for the losses to the civilian lives shall lie with those using humans as shields. Moreover, in addition to the Geneva Conventions, the Amended Protocol II to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in its Article 3(8)(a,b,c) also emphasizes the principle of proportionality by prohibiting indiscriminate use of conventional weapons against civilian populations and the civilian inhabited dwellings. With regard to the interpretation of this principle, it is a common understanding among states that 'direct military advantage' speaks of the operation as a whole advantage and shall not be assessed against every bit and part of the attack.
5. To Take all Feasible Precautions[edit | edit source]
As a primary norm of the customary international humanitarian law, the principle of precaution, was initially set out in Article 2 of the 1907 Hague Convention (IX). The said article provides that given the presence of a military target inside an undefended town or port, it is absolutely important for the military commander to "take all due measures in order that the town may suffer as little harm as possible". Subsequently, this principle was further thoroughly explained and codified through Article 57 of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. As the Article states that it is incumbent upon the warring parties to "do everything feasible to verify that the objectives to be attacked are neither civilians nor civilian objects and are not subject to special protection". The emphasis on precautions to spare the civilians from the consequences of warfare has been serious and consistent as was shown by a UN General Assembly Resolution in 1970, which stated that "in the conduct of military operations, every effort should be made to spare civilian populations from the ravages of war, and all necessary precautions should be taken to avoid injury, loss or damage to civilian populations". Likewise, the Second Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property also incorporates the element of precaution in conducting violence. Following the laid down rules and fulfilling their responsibility to protect civilian lives, most of the states, in one way or the other, thrashed out the principle of precaution in their military manuals to train the professional armed forces.
III. Actors in the Law of Armed Conflict[edit | edit source]
1. States[edit | edit source]
States as traditional subjects of international law play an important role in the law of armed conflict like in any other field of public international law. For centuries, they have been an important actor in armed conflicts: They have started armed conflicts, they have participated in hostilities, they occupied territory and they came together to negotiate armistices. In collective efforts, states also assembled at international peace conferences, like the ones leading to the conclusion of the first Geneva Convention, the Hague Regulations or the Geneva Conventions from 1949. The role of states is also illustrated in the two categories of armed conflicts that exist in the law of armed conflicts (cf. common articles 2 + 3 to the Geneva Conventions): There are international armed conflicts between two or more states and there are so-called non-international armed conflicts that relate to conflicts between a state and a non-state actor or between several non-state actors on the territory of a state. Depending on this classification, a different set of rules and principles applies. While international armed conflicts are regulated by the four Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I (as well as by custom), non-international armed conflicts are governed by common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. If a state that is involved in a non-international armed conflict is not a party to Additional Protocol I, only common Art. 3 of the Geneva Conventions applies together with customary rules and principles.
In sum, states participate in armed conflicts and they create the rules governing such conflicts.
2. Non-State Actors[edit | edit source]
Over the past decades, more and more non-international armed conflicts broke out, with one state fighting organized armed groups within its territory (cf. common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions). This explains the rise of so-called non-state actors. In armed conflicts like the ones in Syria or Colombia but also in the aftermath of 9/11, rebel and terrorist groups were parties to the conflict and participated in the hostilities as armed non-state actors. The law of armed conflict directly addresses them in common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions and in Additional Protocol II. There are other non-state actors involved in armed conflicts, such as private military and security companies that support a party to the conflict. Despite their active role in conflicts, non-state actors do not participate in the actual law-making procedure in the law of armed conflicts. They are not a party to any treaties in the law of armed conflict, which are concluded between states exclusively. In peace negotiations, on the other hand, non-state actors participate together with states. Their actions are also only indirectly considered when interpreting the law of armed conflict, and when identifying rules and principles of customary law. In the past, there have been issues with armed non-state actors and their compliance with the laws of armed conflict. I
n sum, non-state actors participate in the conduct of hostilities against states and are addressed by the law of armed conflict, but they do not participate in the law-making process.
3. The International Committee of the Red Cross[edit | edit source]
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is the "guardian" of the law of armed conflict. Established in 1863 by Henry Dunant after the Battle of Solferino as an association governed by Article 60 and following of the Swiss Civil Code, the ICRC is mandated to protect people affected by armed conflicts and violence. As a traditional subject of international law, it enjoys a special international legal status that is different than the one from NGOs or international organizations. The ICRC is guided by seven principles: Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary service, Unity & Universality, which guarantee access to all parties to a conflict.
4. Others[edit | edit source]
IV. Use of Force and the Law of Armed Conflict[edit | edit source]
B. Selection of Current Challenges in the Law of Armed Conflict[edit | edit source]
Beyond the frontiers of laying down elaborative and consensual rules to make violence less miserable in wars, there lies the challenge of inventing and deploying weapons which might not impede the human capacity and willingness to abide by these rules. Today, with the invention and introduction of various new technologies of warfare, this challenge has become more pronounced than ever. The following discussion highlights some of these challenges.
I. New Technologies[edit | edit source]
1. Semi-Autonomous Weapons[edit | edit source]
In terms of the revolutions in warfare technology, the twenty-first century is proving to be the most advancement frenzy so far. Whereof the leap from manned military technology to the unmanned was rapid and reciprocal. Such a swiftness in development and deployment while provides the strategic and operational edge, it also raises numerous legal questions in upholding the jus in bello principles of warfare like distinction, necessity, proportionality, etc. Due their widespread usage against non-state actors, combat drones raised these questions more often. For their precision and persistence in killing, combat drones were presented as the 'weapon of choice'. In terms of saving lives of those deploying the combat drones, the results are certainly positive. However, the losses of lives when targeting alleged terrorists, are in many cases, not proportionate to the actual security threat they pose. For instance, in cases of US drone attacks against terrorists in Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia, various governmental and non-governmental studies point to the fact that in contrast to their technological reputation for precision combat drones are not that precise, operationally. Nonetheless, the US remains adamant that combat drones are precise and avoid losses to innocent lives. For example, the Obama administration in its report disclosing civilian killings in drone warfare in 2016 recorded that the civilian deaths are less than 200. However, a closer scrutiny of these numbers suggests that perhaps the US government counts only children and women deaths as civilians. And the rest are eligible targets under the laws in war, at least according to the US government. It seems an even more probable proposition because various reports counting the deaths out of the US combat drones also estimate that there are children and women killed in drone warfare and their numbers are almost equal to the US estimates of total civilian deaths. In view of these discrepancies surrounding the loss of innocent lives, one may notice that the dispute over evidence seems to be inherent in regard to the application of laws in war. On the other hand, it points to the fact of the mere confidence of the government in the precision of combat drones.
However, at times, such confidence did translate into the reality of precision strikes, as combat drones pinpointed the terrorists on various occasions. For example, the killing of a Pakistani Taliban leader in a drone strike, in which the missile attack was so precise that even it did not cause any damage to the house, demonstrate this fact. In this case, it seems that the drone operators took 'all feasible precautions' before striking down the intended target, and adequately fulfilled the principles of necessity and proportionality adequately. Hence, concerning the technological prowess of combat drones, it is absolutely evident that they have the manifest ability to be precise and proportional. Unlike soldiers on the battlefield, combat drones do not fear for their safety, and hence, in principle can withstand risks while pinpointing the target. In practice, however, the usage of combat drones, specifically against the violent non-state actors, in recent times, raised more questions, concerning the fulfillment of humanitarian principles than answering them. In this context, one needs to closely study the combat drone deployments in Pakistan, Yemen, and various African states that involve the United States and French militaries, against terrorists.
2. AI and Autonomous Weapons[edit | edit source]
Within the context of the weapons of warfare, autonomy is a relative term. It may range as well as encompass the launch of a weapon into the battlefield to the point of successfully selecting, engaging, and neutralizing the target. To make the concept more understandable, the United States Department of Defense underlines that a weapons system is autonomous when "once activated, (it) can select and engage targets without further intervention by a human operator." At a time when, in the case of semi-autonomous weapons while humans remain in the loop when deciding and targeting the enemy combatants on the battlefield, however, with the emergence and usage of the fully automated weapons of warfare, the humans deem to be handing over control over decision as well as practice to engage the opponents to machines. Such an emerging scenario poses serious questions for the laws of warfare. More specifically, it amplifies the challenge to the principle of proportionality whose applicability was already turning out to be a daunting one in the case of the semi-autonomous weapons. In this context, one understands that the entire notion of warfare is predicated upon the assumption that when humans face off humans on the battlefield, inherently, such a face-off imposes certain limitations on the excessive use of violence among the adversaries to achieve a particular as well as the general objective of warfare. in this way, humans might decide instantly that perhaps a certain objective of warfare can be better served by only injuring the enemy combatant rather than killing her. To the contrary, an automated gun would hardly bother to take such an instant decision at the battlefield and spare the life of a human in return for only injuring her. Likewise, speaking of the strategic and nuclear weapons, the mere presence of autonomous weapons on the battlefield can be tempting for the adversary to jump to the conclusion that might these weapons in a first strike scenario---take out the second-strike capability, and therefore, it is prudent to unleash the strategic weapons in advance. Such a scenario while on the one hand can make escalation scenarios in warfare more uncertain and dangerous. On the other hand, it can also undermine the principle of proportionality, with respect to the particular objective of warfare.
Moreover, AI powered autonomous weapons can also have serious repercussions for the principle of distinction. For instance, though an automated gun is fed with various image classifications such as soldier uniforms, insignias, numerous types of rifles and ammunition, yet the software commanding the operations of a gun can be hacked and fed with different image classification. Likewise, there are also chances that a gun may also indulge in automatic fire on the basis of mistaken identity. For example, in certain experiments guns have mistaken turtles as rifles. However, despite the fact of dominant voices raising serious ethical, legal, and political questions about the nature as well as certain characteristics of autonomous weapons challenging the humanitarian principles in wars; there are some scholars who point to the fact that perhaps automated killing machines in the battlefield can better comb through the security threat, and thus, without fearing for its own safety, target the militarily vital object or combatant.
In this context, one might presume that innovation in weapons is driven by the understanding that it might spare the lives of those seeking an edge in technology, yet it is also important to understand that these innovations must not make laws in warfare ineffective. For such understanding and reason underpinned the various instruments of international humanitarian law. Beginning with the St. Petersburg Declaration and the Hague Declarations and Regulations, it was laid down that along with the precaution, only those weapons should be deployed in warfare which assure the avoidance of unnecessary injury of the targeted persons. Inside, the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, Articles 51 and 57 stressed the importance of avoiding excessive physical as well as material damages when targeting the adversary in a warfare. Avoidance of excessive damage in terms of autonomous weapons also depends upon the efficient decision-making, and such an efficiency depends upon the thorough analysis of the choices made in targeting. Autonomous weapons based on data feeds, however, reach decisions within moments, and thus, might undermine the role of human judgement. Already we know that with regard to the semi-autonomous weapons, the interplay between human judgement and machines has often produced horrible consequences when it comes to upholding the humanitarian principles in warfare. Therefore, autonomous weapons, do not seem to offer any better alternatives to humans when making decisions about the application of kinetic force. The fulfillment of humanitarian principles, certainly, demands more role for the human judgement, not less.
3. Cyber Weapons[edit | edit source]
In present times, a networked world has brought upon an unprecedented level of prosperity, and thus, consequently an extraordinary challenge to secure the very platforms underpinning this networking. In such networks, signals across and within the digital platforms remain the critical mass. Any ill-intended intrusion or tempering with the signals can turn a benevolent digital tool into a destructive weapon. In this context, spyware and malicious software codes have already brought down the governmental digital platforms in Estonia and destroyed certain nuclear reactors in Iran. The scenarios like shutting down the electricity grids, bringing down a commercial aero plane, etc., by introducing malware in their control and navigation systems, are also being drawn. These scenarios render the conduct of violence an utterly discreet activity: wherein the questions of distinction and proportionality will once more come to the fore, but in a manner where these humanitarian principles shall be extremely difficult to apply and assess. To begin with, there are questions about terming damages caused by cyber weapons as an 'attack' as well as fixing of the responsibility for such act. The dominant role of violent non-state actors in contemporary violence further complicates the situation and renders questions complex.
To answer such questions, the International Committee of Red Cross, therefore, notes that only state practice can help find adequate answers to these questions. For example, in cases of damage to Iranian and Estonian infrastructures, there was no claim of responsibility. And meanwhile, when selecting and hitting these targets, there was no regard for the principle of distinction either. Specifically speaking of the principle of distinction, which, along with the Hague Regulations, was effectively laid down in Article 48 of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 becomes problematic when applied in context of cyber warfare. For example, there can be a scenario that due to the easiness and less costly prospects, at least for the attacker, a military commander decides to shut down an electricity grid by employing a cyber attack so that the command and communication structures of a nearby military installation may be rendered useless, yet the same targeting can also turn off electricity in a nearby hospital and cause scores of deaths. In such a targeting, there is loss of innocent lives albeit as an unintended consequence of a cyber attack. Besides violating the principle of distinction, such an attack also ends up undermining the principles of humanity, military necessity, and proportionality.
To address these issues of uncertainty and complexity, some scholars have suggested the adoption of binding international conventions protecting civilian digital platforms. However, questions shall arise when targeting those platforms that power civilian and military installations simultaneously. In such a scenario, there is never a question of either and or rather the digital platform is plugged to both the installations. Speaking of the functioning of cyber platforms, one can assume that such a dilemma will not be specific to the given case, rather it will run across numerous platforms, and thus, complicating any military targeting decisions. Therefore, when a targeting decision is taken and executed, in all probability, it will raise to questions about the applicability of proportionality. After all, pinpointing a networked target is extremely difficult and chances of indirectly targeting civilian cyber infrastructure while brining down a military one are higher during a conflict. Massive cyber attacks against the Ukrainian government's digital infrastructure once again point toward such trends and difficulties when targeting cyber objects. Tracing of the sources to fix responsibility for usages and damages caused by cyber weapons is another dilemma, potentially, making the violence in war a murky business and adding another layer of complexity in applying the legal principles to ensure transparency as well as accountability. Apparently, one can assume that unlike autonomous and semi-autonomous weapons, cyber weapons due to their nature, are indiscriminate and disproportionate. Hence to make their use subject to the given humanitarian rules and principles is bound to pose serious challenges.
II. Protected Groups and Objects[edit | edit source]
The law of armed conflict was originally created by states to spare the civilian population from the consequences of the conduct of hostilities. Nevertheless, some provisions of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols address other groups or objects, such as medical personnel and establishments, cultural property, or the natural environment. Indirectly, their protection can often be linked to the protection of civilians and civilian objects, but these provisions install special protection for specific protected groups and objects that differs from the general protection of civilians and civilian objects. The three mentioned examples are only a selection of protected groups and objects.
1. Medical Personnel[edit | edit source]
The first Geneva Convention from 1864 was concluded to take care of the wounded and sick combatants of all belligerent states who were hors de combat (out of the battle). Without medical personnel and medical care, their protection would have remained meaningless. Today, several Geneva Conventions as well as Aditional Protocol I include provisions on the protection of medical personnel, medical units, and medical establishments. Art. 24 and 25 GC I, Art. 36 and 37 GC II, Art. 15 AP I on international armed conflicts, and Art. 9 AP II on non-international armed conflicts contain an obligation to respect and protect medical personnel under all circumstances. First of all, medical personnel includes civilians and militaries temporarily or permanently assigned to medical purposes, such as the search for, collection, transportation, diagnosis or treatment of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, or to the prevention of disease, or to the administration or operation of medical units or medical transports. Only people with the official assignment of medical tasks by the competent authority of a belligerent party enjoy the special protection as medical personnel. Second, to identify medical personnel, it is asked to use the distinctive sign of the red cross, red crescent, or red crystal worn on clothes. In the past, the distinctive sign has made medical personnel and medical units more vulnerable, since they were visible to the enemy's forces and have been attacked unlawfully. They are of particularly high value based on their essential role in medical care to each belligerent state. Third, medical personnel and medical establishments may not be object to an attack. If they fall into the enemy's hands, they are not considered prisoners of war and must be set free. The opposing party may, however, retain them to give medical care to prisoners of war.
military (permanent or temporary) medical personnel - Art. 24 + 25 GC I - Art. 36 + 37 GC II
civilian medical personnel assigned by a party to the conflict - Art. 20 GC IV - Art. 8 AP I
medical personnel made available by third States or organizations to a party to the conflict - Art. 8 AP I
personnel of a National Society recognized and specifically authorized by a party to the conflict - Art. 26 GC I - Art. 24 GC II - Art. 8 AP I
protection on the battlefield (including inhabitants of the combat zone): may not be attacked and may fulfill medical duties in conformity with medical ethics, Art. 24+25 GC I, Art. 36+37 GC II, Art. 15+16 AP I
once fallen in enemy hands: immediate repatriation or employment caring for POWs Art. 28-32 GC I
under control of the enemy: right to perform their medical mission, right not to perform acts contrary to medical ethics, right to maintain medical secret, except as required by law, Art. 15+16 AP I, Art. 10 AP II
2. Cultural Property[edit | edit source]
- Hague Convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, 1954 - First Protocol to the Hague Convention, 1954 - Second Protocol to the Hague Convention,1999 - Art. 53 AP I - art. 16 AP II - World Heritage Convention
- Chapter 12 ICRC IHL study
3. Natural Environment[edit | edit source]
The environment has been called a "silent victim" of war. Art. 35(3) Additional Protocol I (AP I), regulating international armed conflicts, specifically protects the "natural environment" from "widespread, long-term and severe damage." This provision has never been applied to an actual conflict since either some states to the conflict were not a party to Additional Protocol I and AP I did hence not apply. Moreover, the undefined threshold of Art. 35(3) AP I has never been reached due to its vagueness, not even in the cases of the Vietnam war and the deployment of Agent Orange, or of the burning oil wells in Kuwait in 1991. During the negotiations of AP I, no consensus among states was reached regarding the definitions of the threshold. For instance, it is unclear whether "long-term" is measured in years or decades, based on the travaux préparatoires the latter seems to be the case. Simultaneously to the negotiation of AP I, states drafted and adopted the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD Convention) which contains a similar threshold with almost identical wording ("widespread, long-lasting or severe"). In this case, however, states were able to agree on a definition in a memorandum of understanding: long-lasting, for instance, means "lasting for a period of months, or approximately a season" in terms of the ENMOD Convention. In addition to the specific protection the "natural" environment enjoys under Art. 35(3) AP I (similar protection of the "natural" environment is also included in Art. 55(1) AP I and linked to the survival of the civilian population), elements of the environment can constitute civilian objects, since they rarely serve military purposes and hence only rarely represent a military object that can lawfully be attacked. The principle of distinction thus protects the environment. The other cardinal principles of the law of armed conflict, like proportionality, military necessity, and precautions in an attack, also require the belligerent parties to at least consider the protection of the environment in their conduct of hostilities. In non-international armed conflicts, which are regulated by common Art. 3 to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II, there exists no specific provisions on the environment, hence the cardinal principles as well as the protection of elements of the environment as civilian objects apply. In the 2005 ICRC study on customary international humanitarian law, three rules were identified that protect the natural environment. Additionally, the UN International Law Commission started to analyze the topic "Protection of the Environment in relation to Armed Conflicts" in 2011 in order to clarify and enhance the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict.
- IEL? - IHRL?
C. Interplay with Other Fields of Public International Law[edit | edit source]
I. Human Rights Law[edit | edit source]
II. International Environmental Law[edit | edit source]
III. International Investment Law[edit | edit source]
IV. International Criminal Law[edit | edit source]
Further Readings[edit | edit source]
- Source I
- Source II
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
- Summary I
- Summary II
- The first footnote. Please adhere to OSCOLA when formating citations. Whenever possible, provide a link with the citation, ideally to an open-access source.
- Marco Sassòli, Antoine Bouvier and Anne Quintin, How Does Law Protect in War? Cases, Documents and Teaching Materials on Contemporary Practice in International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I, 3rd ed. (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2011), p. 1.
- Fought between the French troops, allied to the Sardinians and the Austrians troops on June 24, 1859, the battle of Solferino is among the deadliest wars in Europe. It left 6,000 dead and 40,000 wounded on the very first day of the armed encounter. In fact, the sufferings of unattended wounded gave way to the formation of the Red Cross. For details, see "The battle of Solferino," available at https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/misc/57jnvr.htm
- Marco Sassòli, Antoine Bouvier and Anne Quintin, How Does Law Protect in War? Cases, Documents and Teaching Materials on Contemporary Practice in International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I, 3rd ed. (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2011), p. 2.
- For further details of this Convention and its different articles, see "Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864," available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/120
- Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2001), pp. 22-24. For non-Western but Islamic contributions, see Ahmed Al-Dawoody, "Islamic law and international humanitarian law: An introduction to the main principles," International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 99, No. 3 (2017), pp. 995-1018; and Mohamed Badar, "Ius in Bello under Islamic International Law," International Criminal Law Review, Vol. 13, No 3 (2013), pp. 593-625.
- Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2001), pp. 27-29.
- Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight. Saint Petersburg, 29 November / 11 December 1868, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/full/declaration1868
- ICRC, "Weapons", article from 30 November 2011 available at https://www.icrc.org/en/document/weapons
- For further details, see in Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1996, available at https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/95/095-19960708-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
- Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, Constraints on the Waging of War: An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law (Geneva: ICRC Publications, 2001), p. 15.
- Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code). 24 April 1863, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=0E91FD21E67035CCC12563CD00514E42
- Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/WebART/365-570006?OpenDocument
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750096?OpenDocument
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/475-760008?OpenDocument
- For a detailed treatment of this principle as a customary norm, see Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 306-343.
- "Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons," ICJ Advisory Opinion,1996, para. 226, p. 78.
- Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol. I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 3.
- Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles Under 400 Grammes Weight. Saint Petersburg, 29 November / 11 December 1868, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=568842C2B90F4A29C12563CD0051547C
- Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=D1C251B17210CE8DC12563CD0051678F
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750061?OpenDocument
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750073
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/475-760019?OpenDocument
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750073
- Francis Lieber, U.S. War Department, General Orders No. 100: Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field (1863), available at https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lieber.asp
- Oscar Schachter and Frits Kalshoven, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), Vol. 86 (April 1-4, 1992), p. 41.
- Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/195-200033?OpenDocument
- Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750065
- Article 51(7), Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977.
- Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices as amended on 3 May 1996 (Protocol II to the 1980 CCW Convention as amended on 3 May 1996), available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=55F0A5E12A51A635C12563FB00611D95
- For further details, see Jean-Marie Henckaerts and Louise Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Vol I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp.49-51.
- Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War. The Hague, 18 October 1907, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=C27C2D1A0E0C2C35C12563CD00516DB5
- Article (57)(2)(a)(i), Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/WebART/470-750073
- UN General Assembly, Res. 2675 (XXV), 1970, available at https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/2675(XXV)
- Article 7, Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict The Hague, 26 March 1999, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=98D6720D8AE6D20F412567BB0052C84E
- See ICRC, Commentary GC I, pp 81–82 para. 224, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Comment.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=BE2D518CF5DE54EAC1257F7D0036B518#_Toc452041593; D. Akande, Classification of Armed Conflicts: Relevant Legal Concepts, in: E. Wilmshurst (ed.), International Law and the Classification of Conflicts (OUP, 2012), pp 32–79; J. K. Kleffner, Scope of Application of International Humanitarian Law, in: Fleck (ed.), Handbook of International Humanitarian Law, 4th ed., 2021, p. 52, para. 3
- Cf. conclusion 7 and its commentary of the ILC's draft conclusions on subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to the interpretation of treaties with commentaries, available at https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/1_11.shtml
- Cf. conclusion 4, para 4 of the ILC's draft conclusions on the identification of customary international law with commentaries, available at https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/1_13.shtml
- Bellal/Casey-Maslen, Enhancing Compliance with International Law by Armed Non-State Actors, Goettingen J. Int'l L. 2011, pp 175-197; see e.g. the initiative Geneva Call who aims at enhancing compliance of armed non-state actors in their conduct of hostilities to improve the protection of civilians: https://www.genevacall.org/
- ICRC blog, What is the ICRC's role in developing and ensuring respect for IHL?, available at https://blogs.icrc.org/ilot/2017/08/14/what-is-the-icrc-s-role-in-developing-and-ensuring-respect-for-ihl/
- Dunant, A Memory of Solferino, available at https://shop.icrc.org/a-memory-of-solferino-pdf-en.html
- See ICRC, Research guide "The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement," available at https://blogs.icrc.org/cross-files/the-fundamental-principles-of-the-international-red-cross-and-red-crescent-movement/
- “Remarks of Director of Central Intelligence Agency, Leon E. Panetta, at the Pacific Council on International Policy”, CIA, May 18, 2009, available at https://www.cia.gov/newsinformation/speeches-testimony/directors-remarks-at-pacific-council.html
- “Living under Drones: Death, Injury and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practice in Pakistan”, International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic, Stanford Law School and Global Justice Clinic, New York University School of Law, 2012; Jo Becker and Scott Shane, “Secret ‘Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama’s Principles and Will”, The New York Times, 29 May 2012, A1; Letta Tayler, “Between a Drone and Al-Qaeda: The Civilian Cost of US Targeted Killing in Yemen”, (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2013); Jane Mayer, “The Predator War: What are the Risks of the C.I.A.’s Covert Drone Program?” The New Yorker, October 26, 2009; and "Daily Situation Report," FATA Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Pakistan, 2007-2017; Ben Emmerson, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism,” UN Document A/68/389, September 18, 2013; Philip Alston, “Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions”, presented to the Human Rights Council, 14th session, May 28, 2010,
- Karen DeYoung and Greg Miller, “White House Releases its Count of Civilian Deaths in Counterterrorism Operations under Obama”, The Washington Post, July 1, 2016.
- For details, see Peter Bergen, David Sterman and Melissa Salyk-Virk. “America’s Counterterrorism Wars," The New America Foundation, 2020, available at https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/; and Civilian Casualties & Collateral Damage”, LAWFARE, available at https://www.lawfareblog.com/civilian-casualties-collateral-damage?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=4BIlxf_LBxZR1Xu5pL3CSbSRrgr.N4OUm54YU9qwWh4-1636355500-0-gaNycGzNCKU
- Imdad Ullah, Terrorism and the US Drone Attacks in Pakistan: Killing First (London, New York: Routledge, 2021), p. 131.
- Hugh Gusterson, Drone: Remote Control Warfare (London: The MIT Press, 2016); “Civilian Casualties & Collateral Damage”, LAWFARE, accessed, January 12, 2020, available at https://www.lawfareblog.com/civilian-casualties-collateral-damage; "Counting Deaths from Drone Strikes", Human Rights Institute, Columbia Law School, 2012, available at https://web.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/human-rights-institute/files/COLUMBIACountingDronesFinal.pdf; “Living under Drones: Death, Injury and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practice in Pakistan”. International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic, Stanford Law School and Global Justice Clinic, New York University School of Law, 2012, available at https://law.stanford.edu/publications/living-under-drones-death-injury-and-trauma-to-civilians-from-us-drone-practices-in-pakistan/; Letta Tayler, “Between a Drone and Al-Qaeda: The Civilian Cost of US Targeted Killing in Yemen,” Human Rights Watch, New York, 2013, available at https://www.hrw.org/node/256485/printable/print; “A Wedding That Became a Funeral,” Human Rights Watch, 2014, available at http:// www.hrw.org / reports / 2014 / 02 / 19 / wedding-became-funeral; and "France's Shadow War in Mali: Airstrikes at the Bounti Wedding," Stoke White Investigations, 2021, available at https://www.swiunit.com/post/france-s-shadow-war-in-mali-airstrikes-at-the-bounti-wedding
- For a detailed treatment of autonomy in autonomous weapons systems and how may it operate in warfare, see Kenneth Payne, "Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence: A Revolution in Strategic Affairs?" Survival, Vol. 60, No. 5 (2018), pp. 7-32; Giovanni Sartor and Andrea Omicini, "The autonomy of technological systems and responsibilities for their use," in Nehal Bhutta, et al (eds.), Autonomous Weapons Systems: Law, Ethics, Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), pp. 40-65.
- U.S. Department of Defense, "Autonomy in Weapons Systems," directive no. 3000.09 (November 21, 2012).
- Michael T. Klare, "Autonomous Weapons Systems and the Laws of War," Arms Control Today, Vol. 49, No. 2 (March 2019), pp. 6-12.
- For details of such voices, see Mary E. O’Connell, "Banning Autonomous Killing— The Legal and Ethical Requirement That Humans Make Near- Time Lethal Decisions," in Matthew Evangelista, and Henry Shue (eds.), The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms From Flying Fortresses to Drones (New York: Cornell University Press, 2014), pp. 224-235; Rebecca Crootof, "A Meaningful Floor For ‘Meaningful Human Control," Temple International and Comparative Law Journal , Vol. 30, No. 1 (2016), pp. 53– 62; and Peter Asaro, “Jus nascendi, Robotic Weapons and the Martens Clause,” in Ryan Calo, Michael Froomkin, and Ian Kerr (eds.), Robot Law, (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016), pp. 367– 386.
- Duncan Macintosh, "Fire and Forget: A Moral Defense of the Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems in War and Peace," in Duncan Macintosh and Jens D. Ohlin (eds.), Lethal Autonomous Weapons: Re- Examining the Law and Ethics of Robotic Warfare (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), pp. 9-23.
- Dan Saxon, "A Human Touch: Autonomous Weapons, Directive 3000.09, and the "Appropriate Levels of Human Judgment over the Use of Force," Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Summer/Fall 2014), p. 103. For further details, see Bill Boothby, "How Far Will the Law Allow Unmanned Targeting to Go?" in Dan Saxon, ed., International Humanitarian Law and the Changing Technology of War (Leiden: Mārtiņus Nijhoff/Brill, 2013), pp. 62-63; and David Akerson, "The Illegality of Offensive Lethal Autonomy," in Dan Saxon, ed., International Humanitarian Law and the Changing Technology of War (Leiden: Mārtiņus Nijhoff/Brill, 2013), p. 7I.
- "International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts," ICRC, October 2015, p. 16.
- Michael N. Schmitt, Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), pp. 348-50.
- Davis Brown, "A Proposal for an International Convention To Regulate the Use of Information Systems in Armed Conflict," Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 47, No. 179 (2006).
- For a detailed analysis of this targeting dilemma, see Michael N. Schmitt, "The Law of Cyber Targeting," Naval War College Review, Vol. 68, No. 2 (Spring 2015), pp. 10-29; and Michael N. Schmitt and Eric W. Widmar, “On Target”: Precision and Balance in the Contemporary Law of Targeting," Journal of National Security Law & Policy, Vol. 7 (2014), pp. 379-409.
- Ibid., p. 26.
- Robert Hart, "Ukraine Hit By ‘Massive Cyber Attack’ As Russia Mobilizes Troops Near Border," Forbes, January 14, 2022, available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2022/01/14/ukraine-hit-by-massive-cyber-attack-as-russia-mobilizes-troops-near-border/?sh=54733e3b1cf2
- For further details, see Schmitt, Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations, pp. 79-104.
- UN Environment Programme, Rooting for the Environment in Times of Conflict and War, Press release from 6 November 2019, available at https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/rooting-environment-times-conflict-and-war (last visited 15 March 2022)
- See https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=A951B510E9491F56C12563CD0051FC40 (last visited 15 March 2022)
- See Droege/Tougas, The Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict–Existing Rules and need for further legal protection, Nordic Journal of International Law 2013, p. 23
- See ICJ, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion from 8 July 1996, ICJ Rep. 1996, para. 30: "[…] States must take environmental considerations into account when assessing what is necessary and proportionate in the pursuit of legitimate military objectives. Respect for the environment is one of the elements that go to assessing whether an action is in conformity with the principles of necessity and proportionality.”
- Cf. rules 43-45 in chapter 14, available at https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docindex/v1_cha_chapter14 (last visited 15 March 2022) | <urn:uuid:a7c15986-d407-42b3-811d-759035168cb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Public_International_Law/Law_of_Armed_Conflict | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.912423 | 13,597 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Prior to Oracle 11g, the lowest unit of RMAN parallelism was datafile which means you could not backup single large datafile in parallel. Starting with 11g , Oracle supports backing up of a single datafile in parallel using the concept of sections. A section is contiguous range of blocks in a datafile and as of 11g , up to 256 Sections or channels per datafile is supported. This is very useful if you are using big tablespaces.
Please be aware that multiplexed backups will not contain datafiles or sections from other datafiles if section backup is used.
- Improved performance for backup and restore.
- Restart the failed section backup instead of datafile
In the example below, backups using section concept took 30-40% less time than conventional RMAN backup. Pease click on the image below for large font size . | <urn:uuid:1b1aaadf-5b06-4345-9e63-903b162d666c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://twelvec.com/2011/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.903469 | 184 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Stone is a symbol of evolution and has always been used by humans to leave traces. Stones are the physical representation of a particular memory. The gesture of picking up a stone to remember a place we loved is redefined in this project.
This project aim to create a memory sculpture with stones of various shapes picked up at a specific place or time. This sculpture is created using a generative structure that allows the stones to be held on top of each other. Thus creating a sculpture that is always incomplete. In each generative module printed in 3D, GPS coordinates are stored, corresponding to the place where the stone was picked up.
Pietro Alberti & Arthur Moscatelli
Jussi Ängeslevä - Ecal 2016 | <urn:uuid:e7c84549-a631-4ad4-8617-6af9c1c334d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.heleneportier.com/kerns.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.920697 | 162 | 2.375 | 2 |
If you are someone who is trying to watch their uric acid levels, then you need to be aware of the foods that are high in purine. If left unchecked, high uric acid levels can lead to gout and other health problems.
In this blog post, we will discuss which foods are high in purine and should be avoided if you want to keep your uric acid levels under control and avoid diseases.
What is Purine?
Purines are a natural compound that is found in many foods. When these purines are broken down, they form uric acid. Uric acid is then excreted by the body through the urine.
However, sometimes the body can produce too much uric acid or it may not be able to get rid of it efficiently. When this happens, the uric acid can build up and form crystals in the joints, which leads to gout.
Do you need a doctor’s advice for high uric acid levels? If yes, click here to consult online with the Best General Physicians in Lahore via Marham.
What are the Harmful Effects of Taking High Purine Foods on the Body?
High purine foods can have a variety of effects on the body. Some people may experience no ill effects, while others may develop health problems. The most common problems associated with high purine foods are gout, diabetes, and kidney stones.
People who consume high purine foods are at an increased risk for developing gout. A gout is a form of arthritis that causes inflammation, pain, and swelling in the joints. It is often caused by a build-up of uric acid in the body.
“Avoiding or reducing amount of purine-rich foods intake, especially of animal origin, may help reduce the risk of gout attacks.” – Research on Gout Attacks and High Purine Food Intake
2. Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are another common problem associated with high purine foods. Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They can cause severe pain and other problems.
Excessive purine consumption can result in hyperuricemia, a disorder characterized by an excess of uric acid in the circulation. High uric acid levels in the body have been linked to an increased risk of diabetes, according to research.
If you are concerned about the effects of high purine foods on your health, talk to your doctor. They can help you make decisions about what foods to eat and how much to consume.
Which Foods are High in Purine?
When it comes to purine, not all foods are created equal. Some foods, like liver and anchovies, are high in purine content and should be avoided if you’re trying to keep your levels down. Other foods, however, only contain small amounts of purine and can be enjoyed without worry.
So, let’s see which foods are high in purine and should be avoided if you trying to stay away from gout, kidney stones, or diabetes.
Proteins High in Purine:
When we talk about proteins that are high in purine you should be aware of the following:
- Organ and glandular meats:
Organ or glandular meats are kidneys, liver, brains, and sweetbreads. You must avoid these as they have high purine levels and contribute to high blood levels of uric acid.
- Red meat:
Red meat is also high in purines and should be avoided. It includes beef, lamb, mutton, veal, venison, and goat. You should also avoid gravies made with these meats.
While most types of seafood are safe for people with gout or high uric acid levels. You must avoid:
Vegetables High in Purine:
Research suggests that intake of high purine vegetables rarely increases the risk of gout. However, professionals still suggest limiting high purine vegetables like:
- green peas
- broccoli sprouts
It is only recommended to have 1/2 cup of these vegetables a day by the Winchester Hospital.
Grains and Lentils High in Purine:
It is recommended to avoid the following grains as they have higher levels of purine:
- Oatmeal: You can only take 2/3 cup of uncooked oatmeal daily.
- Wheat bran/wheat germ: It is recommended to only take ¼ cup of dry wheat bran/wheat germ daily.
- Beans and lentils: You can only have 1 cup of cooked beans or lentils daily.
Other Foods High in Purines:
- Yeast: Baker’s or brewer’s yeast are both high in purines and should be avoided.
- Stock-based soups: Stock-based soups e.g. chicken or beef bouillon cubes, broth-based soups should also be avoided.
- Sugary beverages: You must also avoid sugary drinks like sodas, fizzy drinks, and fruit juices because they release purines.
- Alcohol: Alcohol products like beer also increase the production of purines.
The Bottom Line
Having foods with normal amounts of purines is not harmful but those with high levels can cause some serious diseases like gout, kidney stones, and diabetes.
So, there is no doubt that one must know which foods are high in purine so you can make healthy choices. If you want to get a low-purine food diet plan you must consult a dietary professional.
Can’t Find the App?
What vegetables are high in purines?
Some vegetables high in purines are green peas, spinach, asparagus, mushrooms, broccoli sprouts, and cauliflower.
What fruits are high in purine?
Most fruits have a low purine content and are safe for consumption.
What foods help lower uric acid?
Foods that help lower uric acid include bananas, apples, coffee, cherries, and green tea. | <urn:uuid:2c0f62f8-c754-4bc0-acda-7bedd7db6654> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marham.pk/healthblog/which-foods-are-high-in-purine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946 | 1,316 | 2.875 | 3 |
No calories and sugar free, sweeteners are the healthy way to satisfy your sweet tooth, right? Well, it turns out that the dieters' sweet fix of choice could actually be making us gain weight rather than lose the pounds by giving up sugar.
Scientists at the University of Sydney have conducted a study which found that the more artificial sweeteners you consume, the more likely you are to overindulge in real sugar too.
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Artificial sweeteners in food and drinks may cause weight gain
Consuming fizzy drinks and foods containing artificial sweeteners including sucralose was found to have a direct result on appetite, resulting in an overall increase in calories consumed – not so diet friendly after all.
Lead researcher, associate professor Greg Neely from the University of Sydney's Faculty of Science, said that fruit flies who were given a diet laced with artificial sweeteners over five days then consumed 30% more calories when they were then given naturally sweet food.
It may be better to consume full-calorie soft drinks than diet drinks
"Through systematic investigation of this effect, we found that inside the brain's reward centres, sweet sensation is integrated with energy content," the professor wrote in the scientific journal Cell Metabolism. "When sweetness versus energy is out of balance for a period of time, the brain recalibrates and increases total calories consumed."
So it appears that full-calorie can of fizzy drink may be a better choice to the diet version when it comes to satisfying your sweet tooth.
Alternatively you could try a natural way to get your sugar fix with fruit, Greek yoghurt and coconut water, or low GI treats such as oatcakes with nut butter. | <urn:uuid:50b23b10-5056-4881-8ef1-b6ead1f5a65f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hellomagazine.com/healthandbeauty/2016071555949/artificial-sweeteners-making-you-gain-weight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947409 | 352 | 2.859375 | 3 |
How Does Alibaba Cloud Power the Biggest Online Shopping Festival?
Author: Alibaba Group Senior Staff Engineer Ding Yu
Have you ever wondered what the underlying technology behind Alibaba Single’s Day Shopping Festival (also known as 11–11) is like? With sales reaching over US$17.8 billion in 2016, Single’s Day has become the largest online shopping day in the world!
Alibaba Cloud’s infrastructure has evolved rapidly to cope with increasing demands from the entire Alibaba ecosystem, especially for Single’s Day. From 2009 to 2016, we have witnessed an increase of peak transaction volume of over 400 times!
Figure 1: Peak transaction volume on Single’s Day from 2009 to 2016
Such feat can only be achieved with a robust computing architecture, not only capable of handling bursty traffic but also capable of quickly recovering from system faults. While sales revenue typically grows linearly with transaction volume, system complexity becomes exponentially difficult at such a large scale. What’s more, deploying and maintaining such complex system is labor intensive and costly.
Designing a High Availability Infrastructure
As the Architect for Single’s Day since 2009, I will share with you some of our key strategies in designing our infrastructure.
Although cloud computing has freed us from the geographical constraints of data centers, supporting an event such as Single’s Day isn’t as straightforward as simply adding more servers. We need to know precisely how much computing power we need to ensure high availability and reliability while keeping costs at a minimum.
Alibaba Cloud tackles this problem from multiple angles:
1.Comprehensive load testing on system architecture
2.System architecture fault simulation
3.Cross-region server deployment
4.Automated intelligent control
We will cover these four topics in further detail in the following sections.
Figure 2: Enterprise high availability design
Comprehensive Load Testing on System Architecture
Load testing is one of the default metric for performance testing in most systems. Basically, what we do is to simulate the traffic load of Single’s Day and test it on our existing infrastructure. We use traffic data collected from previous years as well as predicted data to account for this year’s growth. One of the important purpose of load testing is not only to discover the maximum capacity but also to determine the most common applications and services that customers use during this period.
System Architecture Fault Simulation
Essentially, fault simulation is a form of stress testing on our system architecture. We intentionally disable certain services, overloading the system with heavy loads. In particular, we look out for any Single-Point-of-Failures (SPOFs) in our architecture and eliminate them.
Cross-Region Server Deployment
In most scenarios, servers only run within a single region. However, this approach may not be sufficient when faced with extreme loads during Single’s Day. Therefore, we utilize cross-region deployment to expand the capacity and improve service availability. We split users into different servers based on user ID, and employ an active-active configuration in our clusters to maintain high availability and achieve seamless service handover. In addition, data is also backed up across multiple sites to enhance disaster recovery capabilities.
Figure 3: High availability multi-region cluster
Automated Intelligent Control
Even with all of the technologies discussed previously, it is almost impossible to control traffic flow and scale resources in a large system manually. That is why we use an automated intelligent control, which focuses on traffic control and fault recovery.
Because we don’t have access to unlimited resources, there is always a possibility of having too much load. To handle this problem, we can prioritize users based on the type of request. For example, customers completing purchases should be prioritized over users who are only browsing a website. Once we prioritize them, we can put them in a queue and complete requests based on this queue. We can also adjust the service of quality received by users based on this queueing system.
Figure 4: User traffic control
As the number of devices increases, the probability of fault occurring in devices increases as well. When a server fails, our system detects this anomaly and reassigns the user to the next nearest server. This automatic approach significantly reduces delay, which in turn improves user experience and minimizes O&M costs. In addition, this system will trigger alarms to notify our engineers about these faults, helping our team to quickly locate and troubleshoot faults.
Figure 5: Server fault recovery
As we can see, powering an event as large as Single’s Day is no easy task. With proper planning and design, we can cope even the most unexpected challenges for this event. We are confident that our evolved architecture can achieve a lot more for this year’s Single’s Day festival!
However, one question springs to mind — What do we do with all this computing power when the festival ends? For most of our systems, we adopt a hybrid cloud environment. With hybrid cloud, we can scale resources as required but also maintain a “lighter” system when the load is low (such as when Single’s Day festival ends). This way, we can minimize operating costs while maximizing our capacity.
In addition, we utilize Alibaba Cloud’s core products as well as our family of distributed middleware. Currently, our distributed middleware offerings are only limited to Mainland China customers, but we are hoping to make them available to customers from across the globe soon.
If you want to learn more about the underlying technology for Alibaba Single’s Day, please check out my presentation video at The Computing Conference 2017.
If you are interested in building your own infrastructure with Alibaba Cloud products, you should definitely check out our attractive offers on 11–11 Cloud Deals!
Distributed Middleware (currently only available in Mainland China):
• Distributed Relational Database Service (DRDS)
• Cloud Service Bus (CSB)
• Global Transaction Service (GTS)
• Application Real-Time Monitoring Service (ARMS)
• Message Queue (MQ)
• Enterprise Distributed Application Service (EDAS) | <urn:uuid:2aedcaf9-5abd-4cfc-b18d-e2b785439c89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alibaba-cloud.medium.com/how-does-alibaba-cloud-power-the-biggest-online-shopping-festival-8afc56f99737?source=post_internal_links---------3---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.9149 | 1,261 | 1.90625 | 2 |
DİYARBAKIR - According to the research conducted by the Socio-Political Field Research Center in 6 Kurdish provinces on young people, 56 percent of the participants see HDP as the only party to solve the problems, while 86 percent oppose the "Presidential System".
Diyarbakır-based Socio-Political Field Research Center conducted a survey with young people about their political preferences.
As part of this study, 580 young people (aged 15-34) from Turkey's Kurdish-majority Diyarbakır, Mardin, Van, Şırnak, Hakkari and Batman provinces participated in survey on July 6-16.
The Center has recently announced the findings of this study, which offers into an insight into how young people in southeast Turkey define themselves politically and how they approach Turkey's problems.
According to the survey result, 54.2 percent of young Kurdish people do not trust any institution or organization in Turkey. The majority of them agree that Kurdish question is the major problem of Turkey.
Yüksel Genç, the Coordinator of the Center, has commented on the survey results for bianet. Noting that there are political transformations unfolding among the Kurdish youth, he has briefly said:
"The study sends very important messages. Over 50 percent of young Kurdish people do not trust any institutions or organizations.
"In the 1990s, there was no trust for state institutions, but there was still trust for existing structures and non-governmental organizations. We have seen a breaking point, a retreat now.
"Kurdish youth do not trust, but they are not without hope. They do not consider problems to be impossible to solve. They are making suggestions about how to solve them. Despite high rates of unemployment and poverty, Kurdish question is still seen as the most important problem.
"When the solutions offered to solve this problem are considered, local governments and a system of federation come to the forefront. The region where we conducted the research is the political provinces of Turkey, the answers are very important for that reason.
"Moreover, young Kurdish people are going through a political transformation. There is especially a tendency towards ecologist, feminist, socialist and anarchist thoughts among the new generation.
"They are leaning to rights-based political thoughts and a significant number of Turkey say that they can move to another country.
"The rate of those who say this is the highest among the youngest group. They want it because they want to live in a livable country. They feel that their living space has shrunk.
"Another important detail from the study is this: 39 percent of the participants say that they can change the party that they vote for.
"It means that the parties except for the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) can use this niche. However, this needs to be kept in mind: They do not say 'No matter what', they say 'If it fits my worldview."
Some highlights from the study are as follows:
The participants of the survey are first asked, 'If you had the means, would you move to another country?" While 67.5 percent answer this question in the affirmative, 32.5 percent say that they would not.
Of the ones who say 'Yes,' 31.2 percent want to move to another country for "better living conditions," 12.30 percent due to "lack of living condition in Turkey," 11.70 percent due to "economic hardships," 9.60 percent for "employment opportunities" and 7.70 percent due to "pressures."
While 63 percent of women participants want to leave Turkey for good, this rate is 70.5 percent among men. 92.7 percent of the ones aged 15-19 also say that they would like to move to another country.
When the participants are asked whether they closely follow the political developments, 65.4 percent say "frequently." While 85 percent say that they follow these developments "on Internet platforms/social media," 11 percent say "Television" and 4 percent say "printed press."
Participants are also asked "how they define their possibility of changing the political party that they vote for in the next elections," 59 percent answer that "they would not change the party very easily." 27.percent say that "they would vote for a party that suits their worldviews."
Only 1.3 percent answer that "they will not change the party that they vote for under any circumstances."
"When developing a political attitude, what factors affect you most," the participants are also asked, to which 94.2 percent answer, "The values I believe in/my worldview." While 3.8 percent say they base their views on their "Family," only 0.6 percent say "political parties."
Within this context, when they are asked about the political worldviews of their families, the participants answer as follows:
34.6 percent "patriotic", 22.5 percent "democrat", 10.4 percent "conservative", 10.4 percent "religious", 9.4 percent "socialist", 6.7 percent "with no political worldviews", 2.9 percent "liberal", 1.7 percent "nationalist", 0.8 percent "feminist" and 0.6 percent "ecologist."
When their own political worldviews are asked, they anwer:
30.8 percent "patriotic", 24 percent "democrat", 22.7 percent "socialist", 4.6 percent "religious", 4 percent "conservative", 3.8 percent "feminist", 3.1 percent "nationalist", 2.9 percent "with no political worldviews", 1.9 percent "ecologist", 1.7 percent "liberal" and 0.6 percent "anarchist."
When the participants are asked about the current political situation of the country, 88.3 percent define it as "bad" and 11.6 percent as "good."
"What do you think is the biggest problem of Turkey," they are also asked, to which they give the following six most frequent answers:
45.6 percent "Kurdish question", 17.3 percent "economy/unemployment", 14.2 percent "lack of democracy", 5.6 percent "the current state of the legal system", 5 percent "Presidential System" and 4.6 percent "government."
They also offer the following solutions to these problems: 17.7 percent of participants say "through democratic approaches," 15.2 percent "with dialogue and negotiation", 12.3 "with a change of government", 9.8 percent "with a new policy of economy", 7.7 percent "Kurds' acquirement of status" and 1 percent say "they cannot be solved."
While 56 percent of the participants say that those problems can be solved by the HDP, 24.2 percent indicate that "no political parties can solve them." 8.5 percent answer in favor of the ruling AKP.
The participants are also asked "Which institution or organization in Turkey is the most trustworthy." While 54.2 percent answer "None", 13.1 percent say "HDP," 5.2 percent say "the Human Rights Association (İHD)," 4.8 percent say "Health Ministry" and 3.1 percent say "the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF)."
When they are asked about their biggest expectations from the future, 23.8 percent of the young answer that it is "leading a just, free and humane life." 15.8 percent say they "do not have any expectations," 12.9 percent say "peace, fraternity and quiet", 12.3 percent say "living in a democratic country" and 6 percent say "they want to be appointed or to have a job or profession."
Their biggest concerns about the future are as follows:
12.9 percent "a further increase in unemployment", 9.8 percent "a further deterioration of the economy", 9.8 percent "war, global war policies", 9.2 percent "the current government remaining in power" and 8.5 percent "an escalation of conflicts and war/civil war."
While 18.5 percent of the participants say that they would solve the Kurdish problems if they were decision makers, only 7.7 percent say that they support the Presidential System.
When they are asked about "the best system for Turkey," 36.3 percent say "empowered local governments", 22.5 percent say "federative governments", 14.4 percent say "Parliamentary System", 10.2 percent say "empowered Parliamentary System" and 7.5 percent say "Presidential System." | <urn:uuid:729ff5cb-9db1-4de3-af94-f9d9730284a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mezopotamyaajansi35.com/en/youth/content/view/104713 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.961141 | 1,778 | 1.6875 | 2 |
What This Course is About
This course is designed for the writer with a life — you have other activities that you're committed to in addition to writing
In our 30-Day Writing Challenge, we will help you think and write through the steps to create your novel – from character development to plot structure to story themes and world building — so that you can start NaNoWriMo prepared.
We run the class via weekly email reminders and this home study/self-paced course full of lessons, video and audio.
You can ask questions and get a reply back inside this course.
As benefit to all our students at Barany School of Fiction, we offer a peer Facebook group -- Fellowship of the Pen -- to build community and connect with your fellow writers for support and accountability.
Every October, we also run this course live with weekly meeting webinars and lots of hands-on support -- registration is separate.
Who is this course for?
For: Experienced writers or ambitious writers who want to plan their novel in an organic or step-by-step way, so that on Nov. 1st you can start writing it alongside the NaNoWriMo.org crowd.
This course is designed for the writer with a life — you have other activities that you're committed to in addition to writing.
We know that.
We know you're busy with other obligations AND you want to be writing. Well, you can, in small, manageable bite-sized pieces. Each activity can be done in as little as 15-20 minutes. You can plan your novel in a way that fits into your life. We know, because we've done it, multiple times!
With this course, you'll be able to:
- Plan your novel
- Step into a sense of satisfaction and creative accomplishment
- Get excited for NaNoWriMo
- Believe that you can write a novel
What can you expect: You'll put pen to paper, or fingers to keyboard and write while you think, in specific ways, with specific focuses. Words will pile up, along with ideas, story questions, and scenes.
You'll be invited to read short lessons, watch some video or listen to the lessons, then write— put pen to paper, or fingers to keyboard and actually do some thinking of your story on the page.
This class is good for you:
- If you have never written a novel, and have always wanted to, and still feel lost on how to go from brilliant idea to The End, then you will be stretched in new and different ways.
- If you're an experienced novelist, with 1 or 2 completed or partially completed novels under your bed. You may find this course structured in a way that's new to you and yet familiar.
- If you have 5 or more unfinished novels sitting in a drawer, and always hit that sagging middle and lose focus or lose interest, this course will help you dream up exciting ways to torture, I mean challenge, your characters all the way to the resolution of the story.
A 30-day course, structured so you can do it at your own pace.
Your time commitment: All told, if you follow the curriculum, you will probably spend 4–10 hours over the month to follow through on the assignments and exercises, all designed to help you plan your novel. Of course, some of you will spend less and some may spend more time on this course.
This course is designed with the understanding that you have a busy life, full of commitments — family, job, second job, pets, friends, and oh yeah, sleep.
This course covers:
Week 1: Elevator Pitch & Short Synopsis We help you write the 1-2 paragraph story blurb, also know as the elevator pitch, that you can later use in a query letter. Next we cover the 5-6 paragraph story synopsis that can form the basis of a synopsis agents and editors request. We also touch on the story's theme and genre to help you have a better idea of the focus of your story and also your audience's expectations.
Week 2: Get to Know Your Main Characters We cover getting to know your main characters. Great stories start with great characters that you love! We expand on the "10 Questions to Ask Your Characters" tip sheet (PDF) that you got when you signed up for the course. We also have more character questions to share with you and special exercises to help you get to know your characters so you can bring them to life when you write your novel.
Week 3: Story Plot & World Building We help you design the story's main plot points and get to know the world of your story better, in other words, world building. Plot comes from characters, from knowing your story world, and from asking some good questions. We help you design a plot that will keep readers at the edge of their seats turning pages deep into the night.
Week 4: Scene-by-Scene Outline & Plotting We guide you through the final preparation step of building your story scene-by-scene. We help you create an organic outline from all the notes and thinking that have gone before and also provide tips on a more linear approach to plotting your story. Once you have completed this exercise, and all the ones before, you'll have a good sense of your entire story, and can sit down to write your novel with excitement and confidence. | <urn:uuid:966cb16c-4259-44e4-8cb5-c09511a97bb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://school.bethbarany.com/courses/8895/lectures/401041 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957549 | 1,110 | 2.265625 | 2 |
It is time for businesses and government to be honest with consumers about the environmental impact of packaging, writes Viridor’s Dr. Tim Rotheray in an Opinion piece for Business Green.
The average home wastes £800 a year on food that gets thrown away. While the UK Government’s food strategy for England, published this week, has come in for a lot of criticism, it put a vital spotlight on food waste. In the midst of a cost of living crisis, it is an obvious area to tackle to help stretched family budgets. But beyond the purely financial, food waste has a significant environmental footprint. Firstly the waste of food necessitates over-production, bringing with it land use impacts, additional fertiliser and pesticide use leaving less space for wild areas and generating wholly unnecessary carbon emissions. Secondly, that food waste, when thrown away, can itself generate greenhouse gasses. Some food waste still makes its way into the landfill system, where it rots producing methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
A key tool in tackling food waste is packaging. The pots, tubs, trays and films that are wrapped around our food, admittedly sometimes almost comically unnecessarily – why anyone wraps a grapefruit in film escapes me – are critical to extending their shelf life. And a longer shelf life increases the chances of perishable food being eaten before it goes off.
Much of that packaging is plastic. Plastics are used because they are light, sterile and airtight. Airtightness not only keeps the bugs out, it also allows for protective atmospheres (inert gasses) to surround food keeping it fresher for longer.
But, as noted in the food strategy, it’s not just food waste that’s a problem, it’s waste of the packaging as well. In the UK just half of the plastic placed on the market is put out for recycling. And of that only 40% is turned back into raw materials in the UK, with the rest being shipped abroad. The strategy notes Government reforms seeking to drive recycling rates up as part of another Government strategy – the Resources and Waste Strategy, targeting 65% recycling (up from about 50% today) by 2035.
In recycling, milk bottles are a huge success story. The bottles do a fantastic job of keeping milk from spoiling but, because they are all basically the same and made from the same plastic, over 80% get recycled.
And, given that recycled plastic has emissions six times lower than new plastic, it not only saves food waste, it also helps cut carbon. Milk bottles enjoy the highest recycling rate for all plastics and way above the global recycling rate at a paltry 12%. So it is surprising that in the alternative milk market, a plastic bottle is never to be seen. Take a walk down any supermarket dairy alternative aisle. And you’ll see box after box of milk cartons. Angular containers made mainly from cardboard. These are hard to recycle because they are composite boxes, with an inner plastic film layer, a metal film layer, a card layer and an external coating. Finally, they have a plastic lid. Recycling these bottles is difficult and, with so many layers, much of the material is too damaged by the process to be reused.
So why are these bottles used? With plastic bottles having a well-established recycling process and being collected everywhere – surely that would be an option worth pursuing? Certainly, plastic bottles, milk and drinks, have higher recycling rates. And one key appeal of alternative milks is reduced environmental footprint. So why is a less sustainable solution being used? It appears that the manufacturers are responding to a consumer belief that plastics are intrinsically bad and so making use of cartons instead. The legitimate public concern over plastic pollution seems to be driving the use of less sustainable materials to make consumers feel they are doing the right thing.
The world of packaging and recycling is complex and, as all of us will know, it is not easy to be sure what can and cannot be recycled. But with the impact on the planet of modern lifestyles becoming all too significant, surely it’s time for us to be honest with consumers about the real impact of packaging, and show real leadership in helping people make good environmental decisions rather than just going along with a misplaced sense of what is best.
This article was published in Business Green
For further information please contact: | <urn:uuid:a69e826e-a4bc-409b-b350-7b27159f7a48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.viridor.co.uk/news-and-insights/all-for-show-why-we-need-better-leadership-on-recycling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946921 | 907 | 2.875 | 3 |
Hard water stain is practically a stain that created from water that has high mineral content. Water is full of minerals such as magnesium, calcium, metal cations, sulfates and bicarbonates. When hard water comes in contact with your windows or glass, it will leave “water spots” behind. Those stains contain calcium deposits or lime scale. we commonly see these types of stains on shower doors/walls as well as homes with no water softener.
Here at Trushine Window Cleaning, we carry and use wide selection of Stain Removers, that vary in degrees of effectiveness depending on how severe your stain is.
What’s the best Chemical to use when removing hard water stains? We get this question all the time and majority of the time it all depends on how bad the stains are. First, keep in mind that a basic window cleaning alone will not do the trick, although our technicians are equipped to handle any type of cleaning, we need to remove all the stains by scrubbing and ultimately removing them by hand. When it comes to hard water stains not all of them are created equal. You can start with a simple and mild solution and then progressively move towards a more heavy-duty solution.
How much does it cost to remove hard water stains? Every window and every type of stain are completely unique, therefore it is nearly impossible to put an average price on all the stains, but you can always reach out our professional window cleaners for a free on site estimate. | <urn:uuid:aaa1df27-fc4e-4e4e-a9ec-f2bf8da2b2f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trushinewindowcleaning.com/hard-water-stains/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.942766 | 305 | 1.5 | 2 |
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