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Trust for four-rivers projectPresident Lee Myung-bak said Monday that he will not push forward the construction of a cross-country grand canal during his term of office.
Amid the candlelight protests against the government in June last year, Lee said he would not initiate the project if the people oppose it. Back then, the president had strings attached to his decision, but this time, Lee made clear that he is abandoning the plan.
Lee admitted he was very frustrated with the general public’s high level of distrust toward the government, adding that he wanted to clearly and publicly announce that he will not initiate the canal project.
Although belated, we believe Lee has made the right decision.
The next task is the four-rivers restoration project, which will not be an easy one. It is the largest state-funded project ever, costing an estimated 22 trillion won ($17.2 billion).
We believe it is critical to restore the four major rivers in order to prevent flooding and to prepare for the looming water shortage crisis.
And yet, the program has faced controversy as well. While water contamination affects branch streams, the project is concentrated on restoring the main streams of the rivers.
Many people say the quality of water is unlikely to improve and further contamination could damage the rivers’ ecosystems. Recommendations have also been made that it will be more appropriate to restore one river at a time, instead of beginning construction at all four rivers at once.
The government has brought distrust upon itself by increasing the programs’ estimated expenses from 14 trillion won to 22 trillion won in just six months.
The government must calmly push forward the four-rivers project with an open-minded attitude. After the controversy surrounding the grand canal project, the public has become skeptical. It is hard to change perception and image once it is engraved on people’s minds.
From now on, the administration must do its best to get the public’s support and present a thoroughly laid-out plan for the successful implementation of the project. Only then will the skepticism and distrust abate.
Some politicians and environmental groups also need to stop opposing plans for the sake of opposing them. The Land Ministry had opposed the Grand Canal project but reversed its position overnight after the administration changed.
That is an embarrassment, but it is also shameful to see environmentalists, who have worried about the nation’s contaminated rivers, suddenly argue that the rivers are healthy just to oppose the administration’s policy. | <urn:uuid:f9e27916-536d-4a70-84bf-60d62671b807> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2009/06/30/editorials/Trust-for-fourrivers-project/2906781.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.966054 | 511 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Trump administration sued by civil rights groups over executive order restricting diversity training
Civil rights groups filed a lawsuit challenging President Donald Trump’s executive order restricting government contractors and federal agencies from offering diversity training that the president says is "divisive" and "un-American."
The complaint filed Thursday by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the National Urban League and the National Fair Housing Alliance in federal court in Washington, D.C., argues the executive order violates free speech rights in an "extraordinary and unprecedented act by the Trump administration to undermine efforts to foster diversity and inclusion in the workplace."
The Trump administration is "trying to keep individuals from even expressing their thoughts," Ajmel Quereshi, senior counsel with the NAACP Legal Defense fund, told USA TODAY. "What this case does is challenge this executive order on both First Amendment grounds as well as Equal Protection grounds specifically because it tries to keep any federal contractor, federal employee or federal grantee from speaking about the history of systemic discrimination in the United States and its continuing effects."
The Labor Department said the elimination of "race and sex stereotyping and scapegoating in employment" is "a key civil rights priority of the Trump Administration."
"The Department of Labor is confident it will prevail in this lawsuit and that President Trump’s Executive Order will be found lawful," the Labor Department said in a statement to USA TODAY.
Trump executive order's 'chilling effect'
Trump’s executive order comes as corporate America steps up efforts to address racial disparities following the death of George Floyd, a Black man, under the knee of white officer in Minneapolis in May.
Critics say the executive order is a broadside against diversity and inclusion programs that will impair efforts by business and government to reverse decades-long patterns of discrimination and exclusion. A USA TODAY investigation found that more than 55 years after the Civil Rights Act, less than 2% of the top executives at the nation’s largest companies are Black.
'It's already having a massive effect':Corporate America demands Trump rescind executive order on diversity
Microsoft, Wells Fargo diversity probed:Diversity initiatives to hire more Black leaders investigated by Trump administration
The ripple effects from the executive order have also reached educational institutions, nonprofits and others who have federal contracts or plan to apply for them.
By forcing government agencies or contractors to choose between censoring speech or forfeiting government contracts, "the order strikes at the heart of those critical efforts by government and nongovernment actors – including trainings and other forms of private speech in the workplace – to eradicate race and sex stereotyping and other continuing manifestations of entrenched discrimination and bias against people of color, women, and LGBTQ individuals," the complaint alleges.
Trump administration challenges critical race theory
A White House memo in late September suggested rooting out "ideologies that label entire groups of Americans as inherently racist or evil" in diversity training materials by searching for keywords such as "white privilege," "systemic racism," "intersectionality" and "unconscious bias."
The executive order's stated goal is "to combat offensive and anti-American race and sex stereotyping and scapegoating."
Asked about his executive order during the first presidential debate, Trump said: "They were teaching people that our country is a horrible place, it’s a racist place. And they were teaching people to hate our country. And I’m not gonna allow that to happen."
The target of the executive order is critical race theory and stems from appearances by conservative activist Christopher Rufo on Fox News' "Tucker Carlson Tonight."
Critical race theory teaches that racism pervades government and other American institutions, giving white people an advantage.
"What I've discovered is that critical race theory has become, in essence, the default ideology of the federal bureaucracy and is now being weaponized against the American people," Rufo, director of the Discovery Institute's Center on Wealth & Poverty in Seattle said on Carlson's show.
Rufo celebrated achieving his goal – "...persuading the President of the United States to abolish critical race theory in the federal government" – posting on Facebook moments after Trump issued the order.
Corporate diversity efforts in line of Trump fire
The Trump administration is not just pushing back against the belief that American society is inherently racist. It's also challenging corporate efforts to rebalance the scales by elevating more Black executives and executives of color into leadership ranks.
In recent weeks, the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, which oversees federal contractors for the Labor Department, has questioned whether diversity initiatives at Microsoft and Wells Fargo to double the ranks of Black managers and executives over the next five years violate federal laws barring discrimination based on race. Both corporations say they believe their initiatives comply with those laws.
Guidance issued by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs outlines strict but vague requirements for complying with Trump's executive order on diversity and inclusion training that seem to cover essential and foundational concepts, Turner said.
The agency has set up a hotline so that any individual or group can file a complaint against a government agency or federal contractor for perceived violations by phone or email. Third parties can also file a complaint on behalf of an individual or a group, the guidance says. | <urn:uuid:209faef8-1d55-4d9f-81f2-b6958c2ce09b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pal-item.com/story/money/2020/10/29/trump-diversity-order-administration-sued-civil-rights-groups/6074413002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.957006 | 1,063 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Discover the Cameron Highlands, a lush green region unlike any other part of Malaysia. Home of a unique and vibrant ecosystem, it was declared a wildlife reserve nearly 50 years ago.
The Cameron Highlands are Malaysia’s agricultural heartland, supplying vegetables to the major cities of the country, and to Singapore. The cool climate also makes it an excellent area for growing tea and roses.
Take a day to explore this beautiful landscape, its agriculture, and its impressive natural sites. Visit the Iskandar Waterfalls, and admire the crash of the water amid of lush greenery.
Visit the highlands’ remarkable Rose Garden, where hundreds of varieties of roses are grown, along with other rare and beautiful flowers.
See some of the local tea plantations stretch out in front of you, look around for exotic migratory birds and see colonial houses in this amazing and unique corner of Malaysia.
Itinerary and Schedule
Proceed with a leisure drive towards the cool and refreshing Cameron Highlands, this is 1542 meters above sea level. Stop and enjoy Iskandar Waterfalls. Lata Iskandar is one of the favourite attractions in Cameron Highlands, which is also an ideal place for picnics and relaxation. The waterfall is located halfway between Tapah and Cameron Highlands. Along the way you will also pass by homes of Orang Asli, the native people who had been living in these parts of the jungle since the beginning. You may want to stop and take their picture. You will then proceed north towards the hill resort of Cameron Highlands. Upon arrival at Cameron Highlands, enjoy tours such as visiting the Butterfly park, Strawberry farm, Rose garden, Kea Farms, Market and Tea Plantation. | <urn:uuid:907d5e1e-3773-46eb-92d9-e7707e5e5727> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://online.kkbaktitravel.com/st_tour/cameron-highlands-tour-with-tea-plantation-and-rose-garden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939936 | 350 | 1.664063 | 2 |
With the BEPS rollout continuing apace, transparency continues to be the order of the day across the world, and Latin America is no different.
It is right that authorities and the wider international community should expect transparency from corporates. With base erosion and profit shifting taking on an ever greater importance in the light of a string of high profile tax avoidance scandals, and a number of internationally prominent leaks – not least the Panama Papers – sapping tax morale worldwide, it is more vital than ever that authorities can say with confidence that all multinationals are playing by the rules. Even if the majority are paying the right amount of tax in the right jurisdiction most of the time, a few bad apples coming to public attention leads to a climate of distrust which is not helpful for anyone, not least taxpayers looking to protect their reputation.
Of course, greater transparency often means a higher compliance burden for companies. If it is, in this new era, to be expected that corporates should be transparent with governments, it is the responsibility of governments to set clear and simple rules and ease the cost and time of paying taxes.
Latin America notably lags behind in this regard, with many nations in the region considered by the World Bank to be among the worst performing when it comes to paying taxes. For example, as discussed in this supplement, Brazilian companies spend an average of 2,038 hours on tax compliance, making Brazil 181st out of 190 countries. The continent's largest economy is now looking at various tax reforms, including implementing a VAT system, but with the government weakened by corruption scandals, it has little power to see through reforms at this time.
As you'll see in this, our 14th Latin America guide, transparency, simplification and tax reform are three key themes you will read about from some of the continent's leading advisers. We hope you find it informative as always.
International Tax Review | <urn:uuid:c0e1ce3c-ee00-403c-8cb8-0b66457f1df6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.internationaltaxreview.com/article/2a6903ncpmcvtu1z8gu0w/editorial | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952575 | 395 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The dredging sector represents a long-standing market for Technogenia. Companies in this field have always had a great need for surface coatings, in order to contend with the high level of abrasion to which their equipment is exposed. With its Technosphère® beads, Technogenia is able to provide the perfect solution to meet its customers’ needs on their worksites.
The dredging sector is divided into two types of market. The first of these concerns dredging contracts, including not only the performance of dredging operations and associated maintenance (e.g. deepening harbors and creating canals), but also backfilling operations (e.g. creating ore terminals and artificial islands, and enlarging various other land masses). The second relates to offshore contracts (e.g. pipelines and platforms).
Technogenia also performs in dredging operations in the mining sector: Dredging of mineral sands, such as zircon, ilmenite and rutile.
- Cutter Suction Dredger (CSD) et Trailor Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD).
- CSD: Cutter teeth (flat, chisel, pick points)
- TSHD: Draghead teeth & wear plates | <urn:uuid:6b52c46f-e8d0-4538-9f46-99624d2530b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.technogenia.com/en/industries/dredging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947455 | 259 | 1.5 | 2 |
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By modern convention, the phrase "Byzantine Empire" refers to a political entity that once dominated the Mediterranean world. The city called Constantinople or [on today's maps] Istanbul functioned as capital of the Empire. The "Byzantine Empire" originated with the founding of Constantinople in the fourth century AD on the site of the much older Greek colony of Byzantium. The Roman Emperor Constantine I [died 337] called the site New Rome or Constantinople. Constantine situated his capital in the new city named after himself. The successors of Constantine I lived in Constantinople without interruption until 1204. In 1204, Crusaders from Western Europe, diverted from the path to Jerusalem, captured and looted Constantinople. They held the city until 1261. The "Byzantines" restored the "Byzantine Empire" at Constantinople in 1261 after the "Franks" were expelled. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks stormed Constantinople. The "Byzantine Empire" ceased to exist.
The role of the "Byzantine Empire" in European history is not sufficiently understood by the educated public of today. Constantinople stood at the economic, political and cultural heart of Europe from its founding until the wanton sacking of Constantinople by the Crusaders. The New Rome withstood the assault of many attackers, protecting all Europe against the flood of invasion. The "Byzantine Empire" flourished in the same era that found Western Europe ensnared by poverty and violence. One cannot omit the added fact that Constantinople yet remains the religious lodestar of Orthodox Christians: the predominant faith of Russia and other lands is rooted in the Byzantine experience. In our time, with recent changes in Russia, her Byzantine roots seem more relevant than ever to the present. In spite of its rich heritage and significant role, the achievements of Byzantine civilization have often been given short shrift and denigrated: the very name "Byzantine Empire" is, in fact, an insult.
The phrase "Byzantine Empire" was coined and popularized by French scholars such as Montesquieu, an influential figure of eighteenth century intellectual life.. He was the same author whose seminal volume The Spirit Of The Laws did much to inspire the Founding Fathers of the United States in their writing of the American Constitution. Like other thinkers of his time, Montesquieu revered the ancient Greeks and Romans with immoderate enthusiasm as masters of politics and culture to be emulated. Following a Western European tradition that extended back to the early Middle Ages, Montesquieu regarded the Empire at Constantinople as corrupt and decadent. Although he wrote a long history of the Empire at Constantinople, Montesquieu could not bring himself to refer to the Empire at Constantinople with the noble names of "Greek" or "Roman." From the obsolete name "Byzantium," Montesquieu used the word "Byzantine." The word "Byzantine" denoted the Empire and connoted its supposed characteristics: dishonesty, dissimulation and decadence. The English scholar Edward Gibbon in his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire treated the Empire after the sixth century as an epic of unrelieved degradation and corruption.
The people who lived in the "Byzantine Empire" never knew nor used the word "Byzantine." They know themselves to be Romans, nothing more and absolutely nothing less. By transferring the Imperial capital from Rome on the Tiber to the New Rome on Bosphorus, dubbed Constantinople, the Emperor Constantine I had transferred the actual identity of Rome to the new location. Long before Constantine I, the idea of "Rome" had become dissociated from the Eternal City on the Tiber. For a Roman meant a Roman citizen, whereever he lived. Before the Imperial period, in 89 BC, a Roman law had granted Roman citizenship to people throughout Italy. Afterwards, citizenship became extended to an increasing number of people in different parts of the Empire. In 212, Emperor Caracalla declared all free persons in the Empire to be Roman citizens, entitled to call themselves Roman, not merely subject to the Romans. Within a few decades, people begin to refer to the entire Empire less often [in Latin] as "Imperium Romanorum" [Domain of the Romans] and more often as "Romania" [Romanland]
In the provinces close to Constantinople, where the Greek language predominated over the Latin of Old Rome, the idea of Roman citizenship and identity appealed to a broad segment of the population. Greek speaking citizens were proud to be Romans: in Latin, "Romani," or, in Greek, "Romaioi." The word "Romaioi" became descriptive of the Greek speaking population of the Empire. The old ethnic name applied to Greeks, "Hellene",fell into disuse. In ancient times, of course, "Hellene" had meant Greek. Hellene meant Greek from the seventh century BC onward, if not earlier. Although Homer called Greeks by other names, Herodotus, Pericles, Plato and Alexander were all "Hellenes," as were Greek speaking inhabitants of the Roman Empire in the first and second centuries AD. In the fourth century AD, as the Empire became Christianized, the term "Hellene" became redefined by common convention to include people who still worshipped the old gods and studied philosophy in hopes of resisting the new faith of Christianity. Emperor Julian II [361-363], an Emperor who tried to stop the Christian tide, described himself as a "Hellene." By "Hellene," Julian signified his combination of Neo-Platonic philosophy and worship of the Olympians.
In the final years of the fourth century AD, Emperor Theodosius I [379-395] made Christianity the sole state religion after subduing the rebellion of an "Hellene" usurper, a westerner named Eugenius. After Theodosius' critical decision, fewer and fewer people were willing to call themselves "Hellenes." For centuries more, the word "Hellene" remained in bad repute, associated with outlawed religious ideas and disloyalty to the state. Greek speakers found the identity of "Romaioi" in place of "Hellene" to be a safe refuge in changing times. Greek speaking "Romaioi" inhabited the Empire until the its demise in the fifteenth century.
The Empire at Constantinople should not be called the "Byzantine Empire" at all. If it requires a special name, we might better name the Empire at Constantinople with the title of the "Romaion Empire" from the Greek "Basileia Romaion" [Empire of the Romaioi].
The Romaion Emperors went to great pains to express the continuity between their authority at Constantinople and the tradition of Old Rome before Constantine I. For example, coins continued to carry inscriptions in Latin centuries after the people of Constantinople could no longer speak or read the language. Consider the observe legends found on coins in the various Imperial reigns. As a benchmark, look at the coinage of the last
Emperor to reign many years in Italy, Valentinian III [425-455]. A typical observe legend on one of Valentinian III's coins reads like this:
In spite of these minor changes, Justinian's observe legend preserved continuity with the Roman past. The Latin remained in use. The Emperor remained "Dominus Noster" and "Augustus." One century after Justinian I, these titles still remained in use. The standard obverse legend of Constans II [641-668] was
The transition to a more Greek style of titulature after 700 might be associated with a change in dynasty. The family of Heraclius [reigned 610-641] hailed from Latin speaking North Africa. Heraclius' descendants, including Constans II, were probably slow to abandon Latin titles partly in tribute to their own family heritage. The Latinity of the Heraclian family did not confine itself to forms and titles. Constans II actually considered moving the Imperial capital from Constantinople to Syracuse in Sicily. Although Syracuse itself was as Greek a city as Constantinople, famous since antiquity, the movement of the capital westward out of Constantinople to Syracuse would have pulled the focus of the Empire in a new direction, a direction less fundamentally Greek. Constans II suffered an untimely death, which prevented the fruition of his plans. He was murdered at Syracuse, likely by enemies of his planned transfer of the capital. Notwithstanding the fate of Constans II, the Heraclian family remained in power at Constantinople two generations longer. The end of the Heraclian era in 711 signaled a further shift in the orientation of the Empire towards the Greek world. The next ruling family, the Isaurian Dynasty [717-802] was Greek speaking from the start. In the course of the eighth century, "Dominus Noster" disappeared from Imperial coins. The words "Perpetvus Augustus" also began to fade in the same era, replaced by the Greek "Basileus."
The word "Basileus" deserves a history of its own. In classical Greece, "Basileus" meant "King," equivalent to the Latin "Rex." From the time of Emperor Augustus [died 14 AD], Greeks called the Roman Emperor by the name "Basileus." In the Latin language, of course, the Emperor was never called "Rex," which was offensive to Roman Republican sensibilities: the Emperors were, in theory, chiefs of a Republican government. Roman Republicanism notwithstanding, the use of "Basileus" became standard among Greek speaking Romaioi to describe the Emperor. No way existed to translate the titles of "Imperator" or "Augustus" into Greek that did not sound contrived or ridiculous. The word "Autocrator" was coined to translate "Imperator.";"Sebastos" stood as the parallel to "Augustus," but neither "Autocrator" nor "Sebastos" acquired popular currency. Instead, the pretense developed that "Basileus" meant "Emperor" instead of "King.". Romaioi commenced to use the Latin "Rex" to mean "King" in reference to non-Roman rulers of lesser rank than their own Emperor. The new usage of "Basileus" gained formal status much later. In the seventh century, Emperor Heraclius first employed "Basileus"in Greek language legal documents as his official title, but the word only replaced "Augustus" on the coinage in the Isaurian era [717-802].
One impetus to the adoption of the new title came from the Empress Irene [797-802]. She had been the wife of Emperor Leo IV [775-780]. After Leo's death, Irene assumed power as the regent of their infant son Constantine VI . In 797, Irene deposed and blinded her son to prevent his achievement of power after achieving adulthood. Irene declared herself ruler in her own right, a claim that no woman had ever made before in Imperial history. In advancing her novel claim, Irene faced a difficulty of nomenclature. The Imperial title "Augustus" was, of course, male. Irene could not call herself "Augustus" without appearing ridiculous. The female form of "Augustus," "Augusta" might have served the required purpose, except that "Augusta"had signified in the past the wife of the Emperor or other important female relation, not a legitimate ruler. The usage of "Augusta" to designate female members of the Imperial family dated back to the early years of the Empire. Emperor Augustus' widow Livia accepted the name "Julia Augusta" from the Senate in 14 AD. Throughout a span of close to eight hundred years, "Augusta" had not ever been suggestive of a ruler in her own right; the existence of an "Augusta" implied the existence of an "Augustus." Irene had no desire to remind the Romaioi of her son Constantine. Therefore, Irene's inscriptions uniformly eschewed the word "Augusta." Instead, Irene elected to call herself by the female form of "Basileus," that had in the past been employed by reigning Queens as well as consorts and mothers of Kings. The unabbreviated form of the inscription was:
The stunning event of Irene's reign was the coronation at Old Rome of Frankish King Charlemagne [Carolus Rex Francorum] as Emperor in 800. Many authorities in the Latin speaking world had continued to recognize the Emperors at Constantinople as the legitimate Roman Emperors until Irene deposed her son in 797. In the eyes of the Latin West, the throne became vacant upon the removal of Constantine VI. Irene appeared objectionable on three counts: she was a woman, she had committed the heinous act of blinding her own son, and she adhered to Eastern religious practices , which the West rejected. Although Charlemagne, a Germanic tribesman [better to think of him as Karl insread of with the Frenchified Charlemagne], was no Roman, he had brought unity to much of Europe. Why should not he, instead of some Greek women [Graeca], be Emperor? The Pope thought on these lines, and placed the Imperial crown on Charlemagne's head at Christmas, 800. After his coronation, Charlemagne called himself "Carolus Augustus Imperator Romanorum gubernans Imperium" [Charles Augustus, Emperor governing the Domains of the Romans].
The authorities at Constantinople did not wish to recognize the claims of the Frankish upstart in the West, although political reality forced a compromise on the part of Emperor Michael I [811-813]. Michael's envoy from Constantinople saluted Charlemagne at his court in Aachen as "Basileus," that the Westerners translated with satisfaction as Emperor. Of course, the Greek speakers had room to live in the ambiguity of the word "Basileus." Back in Constantinople, Michael began to call himself [in unabbreviated form]:
Not until the time of Emperor Otto III [983-1002] did Western Emperors consistently start calling themselves "Imperator Romanorum" [Roman Emperor] in direct challenge to the "Basileus Romaion" of Constantinople. Otto III took this step on the prompting of his mother Theopano, a princess from Constantinople who understood the subtleties of the problem. The "Basileus Romaion" of the time, Basil II [reigned 976-1025] was not a kinsman of Theopano, and she desired to elevate her son above the competition at Constantinople by calling Otto "Imperator Romanorum." Of course, well-informed people in the West knew already that the best way to insult the authorities in Constantinople, if that was the goal, was to deny their identity as Romans. Call them "Graecus:" that translated to "Hellene," that implied pagan as well as not Roman.
Clever diplomatic insults aside, medieval Westerners referred to the territory of the Romaion Empire with the name "Romania"[Romanland]. Case in point: from the sixth to the eighth century, the city of Ravenna was the capital of the Romaion province of Italy, the headquarters of the Exarch. The region close to Ravenna was directly governed by the Imperial authority. In the minds of the Lombards, the Germanic people who wrested much of Italy from Imperial control, the area around Ravenna was "Romania." To this day, the same region of Italy is called "Romagna," derived from "Romania."
Centuries later, the "Franks" of the Fourth Crusade stormed Constantinople in 1204. In the subsequent Imperial hiatus, these adventurers, largely French, elected their own Emperor and established their own Frankish or Latin Empire. The Frankish or Latin Imperial title: "Imperator Romaniae" [Emperor of Romania]. The "Imperator Romaniae" was something different from the "Imperator Romanorum." In Western Europe, the title the "Imperator Romanorum" belonged to the German successors of Charlemagne and Otto III when they were crowned by the Pope in Rome. After Otto III, German Kings called themselves "Rex Romanorum" [Roman King] in the interval between their election in Germany and coronation at Rome, which might be many years. After the middle of the thirteenth century, many of the German Kings never took the Imperial crown at all. They remained "Rex Romanorum" throughout their tenure. At the moment that the Fourth Crusaders elected their founding Emperor Baldwin I [reigned 1204-1205], the Western Imperial throne was vacant. German King Philip had not been crowned Emperor by the Pope and never would be crowned Emperor. Still, Baldwin I respected Western tradition: he did not dare offend the Pope by presuming to claim the title "Imperator Romanorum," but only the title of "Imperator Romaniae," Emperor of Romania. In Western eyes, only the Pope could make an individual "Imperator Romanorum."
In the West, the idea of "Imperator Romanorum" survived to describe the ranking Roman Catholic ruler until the nineteenth century. In 1508, the Pope authorized the "Rex Romanorum" to call himself "Imperator Romanorum Electus" [Elected Roman Emperor] without coronation at Rome. The last "Imperator Romanorum Electus" abdicated in 1806. Voltaire scoffed at the Holy Roman Empire in its senescence. The Holy Roman Empire was, Voltaire gibed, "...neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire." As in other matters, Voltaire ridiculed the things in which other people believed. Until the end, most Europeans, particularly Catholics, spoke of the "Sacrum Romanorum Imperium"[Holy Roman Empire] as a serious and important enterprise. Nonetheless,Western Europeans did not call themselves Romans or refer to their homeland as Romania. These words were conceded, albeit grudgingly, to Constantinople.
Western Europeans were not the only despoilers of the Romaion Empire to refer to it by the name of Rome. In the eleventh century, a branch of the Seljuk Turks established a Sultanate in Asia Minor carved out of land in Asia Minor. The Sultanate's territory had been severed from the Empire after the Battle of Manzikert in which Emperor Romanus IV [reigned 1067-1071] fell into the hands of the Turks as a prisoner. This Turkish state was called "Rum." from Rome. The Sultanate of Rum continued until after 1300 with its capital at Konya [Iconium].
The later Ottoman Turks adopted the term "Rumelia" to designate the portions of the Balkan Peninsula that they acquired from the Romaioi in the fourteenth century. "Rumelia" was a dimunitive word. If Anatolia was Rome [Rum], than the European territories were Lesser Rome [Rumelia]. The name "Rumelia" survived into the nineteenth century. After a Turkish defeat at the hands of Russia, the two combatant governments signed the Treaty of San Stefano . The Treaty included a provision to create a "Principality of Eastern Rumelia" under Russian "protection" on land now in Bulgaria. The attempt to create Eastern Rumelia never came to fruition. After diplomatic pressure from other powers, the Treaty of San Stefano underwent significant modification at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. Eastern Rumelia vanished before it came into proper existence.
One might wonder why the name "Romania" became applied to the present nation called Romania. The association of the name "Romania" with the present nation "Romania"stems from the nineteenth century. In their first appearances in the historical record of the Middle Ages, the Romanians were called "Vlachs" by chroniclers from Hungary and Constantinople. A principality called "Wallachia" emerged among the Vlachs before 1300. Separate Vlach principalities of Moldavia and Transylvania followed. Later, scholars realized that the Vlach language derived from Latin; Vlach was a sister language to Italian, French and Spanish. How did Latin speakers find their way to this remote part of Europe north of the Danube River? Scholars developed the theory that the Vlachs were descended from Roman colonists and Latinized natives who lived in the area north of the Danube River during the second and third centuries AD. In the period, the region constituted the Roman province of Dacia. Whether the theory is right or not, it became the basis of Romanian nationalist feeling in the nineteenth century. The idea of a Roman descent gave Vlachs new pride in themselves. After Wallachia and Moldavia coalesced into a single entity in 1859, the name "Romania" was selected in 1862 to describe the combined state. At the time, Romanian unity and independence required the support of France under Emperor Napoleon III [1852-1870]. The "Latin connection" with France aided the Romanian cause by inspiring French interest in their "sister nation" of Romania.
In light of the late date at which modern Romania acquired its name, it appears clear that earlier, the term "Romania" referred to the territory where the Greek speaking "Romaioi" lived. For more than a millennium, the state that we call, inaccurately, the Byzantine Empire was "Romania." After the end of the Empire, Greek speaking inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire continued to call themselves "Romaioi."
Modern Greeks call themselves "Hellenes," like the ancient Greeks did. The switch from "Romaioi" back to "Hellene," like the switch from "Vlach" to "Romanian," came from the politics of nationalism in modern times. Greeks needed Western European help to become independent in the early nineteenth century. The Greeks were not likely to attract assistance if the Western peoples thought of Greeks as Byzantines. However, if the Greeks were imagined as the children of Plato and Pericles, then the sympathies of educated Westerners, steeped in the Classical tradition, would be with Greece. In the Greek Revolution of 1832, the "Philhellenic"[Greek loving] sympathies of Britain and other European governments were deeply engaged. Intervention on behalf of Greek independence proved decisive. The name of "Hellene" was revived in order to create a national image which rejected the "Byzantine" past.
The names by which things are called are important in shaping our interpretation of reality. People are often surprised to discover that historical labels which define the past are inventions of later scholarship and ideology, not parts of the past itself. Men and women of the Middle Ages did not know that they lived in the Middle Ages: people who lived in Classical Athens or Renaissance Italy suffered the same disability. The people of the "Byzantine Empire" had no idea that they were Byzantine. They regarded themselves as the authentic continuators of the Roman world: the Romans living in Romania.
| HOMEPAGE |[ CONTENTS ] | <urn:uuid:1da43132-77c8-4047-9918-a5378c72c1d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.romanity.org/htm/fox.01.en.what_if_anything_is_a_byzantine.01.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959267 | 4,790 | 3.765625 | 4 |
How to improve social mobility. Merely tweaking existing policies won’t do, but four major changes have the potential to transform society.
To meet its ambitious ‘net zero’ target, the UK will need to ramp up climate change policies. Slower growth resulting from Brexit may reduce emissions in the short run, but less R&D investment will likely result in higher emissions in the long run.
John Van Reenen: ‘A lot of promises are just smoke and mirrors’. Professor Van Reenen talks about predictions of “the end of globalisation”, how it’s becoming very hard to get trade deals through, and the UK’s productivity paradox. It takes time for technological breakthroughs to translate into higher productivity, “because you have to figure out how you transfer these new ideas into products and services, which really do create value for people, and that requires lots of experimentation.”
Silicon Roundabout: did light touch policy interventions work? Policy increased the size and density of the tech cluster, but this seems not to have consistently increased firm performance.
How will the UK tackle its welfare challenge in light of technological unemployment? A universal basic income above subsistence level could help eradicate the welfare stigma.
How to change the paradigm in finance to incorporate a changing environment. By moving from ‘efficient’ to ‘adaptive’ markets thinking, we can force market participants to react and innovate.
Brexit will leave the UK worse off economically in all scenarios. New costs of trade will make it harder for UK firms to do business with the rest of Europe.
Playing at Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: the UK job market. Employment is at record highs, but wage growth has been lower than in any other developed country except Greece.
What are the economic forces polarising the UK? Policy needs to make sure that people in disadvantaged communities can access the opportunities generated, which will require substantial intervention across a wide range of policy areas.
The changing size and shape of the UK state ahead of GE2019. The spending restraint of the austerity period and the political priorities pursued by successive governments have placed major strain on a number of public services. As a result, the size of the state has changed over the past decade and so too has its shape.
- Featured image by Stevebidmead, under a Pixabay licence
- When you leave a comment, you’re agreeing to our Comment Policy | <urn:uuid:60aa3cae-4ff2-4400-afda-2bb2446b5060> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2019/12/16/ten-blog-posts-to-help-inform-discussions-on-the-uk-economy-going-forward/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931229 | 515 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Short Stories to Novels
The Basics of When to Turn a Short Story into a Novel.
9 Videos. This lecture covers the various ways that you can turn a short story into a novel. And what you need to do so. And when you should even consider doing so. This workshop covers the basics of the idea of turning a short story into a novel.
Sometimes short stories can start great novels. Sometimes a short story should remain just a short story and should never be expanded. This lecture will help you understand what you need to learn to figure out when and how to convert one form into a larger form.
This is just a lecture so it does not cover how to write a short story or how to write a novel. It assumes you already know that. The focus is when to turn a short story into a novel. And when not to. | <urn:uuid:6002a192-d172-4d4c-9e3d-d528f7e86255> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deanwesleysmith.com/new-lecture-available-short-stories-into-novels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939119 | 187 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Did the Mary Celestia sink because of a marine pilot’s incompetence, or because of his sympathies towards the American unionists? The Marie Celestia has a lively military past, running contraband through unionist naval blockades. The ship has also recently been studied by marine archaeologists, revealing the human stories of the crew on board.
The American Civil War saw Abraham Lincoln’s governance abolish slavery in the U.S. In the throes of the war, the union states, or the north, undertook military action against the south, more commonly known as the confederacy, which supported the continuation of slavery.
During the war, the union states constructed a blockade using their naval fleet, stretching from Maryland all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. In this way, they hoped to cut off the south’s access to provisions, guns, and ammunition from abroad and force a surrender.
However, the confederacy captained a series of blockade runners, fast boats that could break through the blockade and collect provisions from Bermuda, Cuba, and the Bahamas. The confederacy was exchanging cotton for guns and ammunition, and they used Bermuda’s port in St. George to do it.
The war was an economic opportunity for Bermuda, as we were one of the only ports available to southerners to smuggle in items for the war effort. As a UK-controlled colony, we were officially neutral towards the war – but behind closed doors, the UK and Bermuda were sympathetic to the confederacy.
Though slavery had been abolished in Bermuda about 30 years before the American civil war broke out, many people were still openly sympathetic to the rebel cause. What’s more, our island benefitted greatly from the influx of southern business – the maritime economy was booming, and UK officials turned a blind eye.
The Mary Celestia was a blockade runner, and was only two years old at the time of sinking. The ship would have made regular trips between Southern ports, slipping through the union’s blockade, Bermuda, and the port at Nassau. Its top speed was about 17 knots, and it successfully outran union ships while carrying its loads.
The ship had just loaded up with a heavy cargo of food, ammunition and rifles, (categorised as general merchandise to stay incognito) but it struck a reef just a few hundred yards from Bermuda. The ship sank in eight minutes.
At the time of sinking, the Bermudian pilot, John Virgin, was driving the boat, not the ship’s captain Arthur Sinclair. This was common practice, as it was safer for captains to let local Bermudians with knowledge of the reefs navigate the dangerous inshore waters.
The first officer on the Mary Celestia warned Virgin that he was getting too close to the rocks, but Virgin replied, “I know every rock about here as well as I know my own house.” Some believed that Virgin was simply arrogant, but others suggested he had taken a bribe from union officials in Bermuda to sink the vessel on purpose so that its cargo would never reach the confederates.
What Happened After it Sank?
Only one life was lost – the cook apparently had rushed back to his quarters as the ship was sinking to retrieve an item that was important to him, but he was trapped as the ship went under.
Local Bermudians, who rowed out to the ship before it sank, retrieved most of the ship’s cargo.
In 2011, marine archaeologists had a closer look at the Mary Celestia, and excavated about 3 feet of sediment that had covered the ship’s bow and some features. You can see the ship’s bow, paddlewheels, and boilers, encrusted with vigorous coral growth. The paddlewheels look like little ferris wheels, lying on the ocean floor. You can see a 3D model of the ship here.
The same archaeological dig that revealed the bow also uncovered bottles of perfume and unopened wine. The wine was stashed out of sight of the captain, which suggests that the crew was involved in the illegal wine trade, as well as its support of the confederates.
The ship was powered by high quality smokeless coal so as to avoid detection during its blockade runs, and the lumps of coal can still be seen on the bottom. | <urn:uuid:a80f9877-b357-4a9b-8ee7-6d57a47463bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/heritage-heritage/the-history-of-the-mary-celestia-shipwreck/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.981649 | 912 | 3.515625 | 4 |
[FOUNTAIN]Criticism and the press“I once saw Kim Yoon-sik, a literary critic, borrowing a couple of books from another critic, Paik Chull. Years went by, and I had a chance to read the history of literature compiled by Mr. Kim a few years later. He ruthlessly attacked Mr. Paik’s analyses in his books; it was a ‘constructive deconstruction’ and a march toward enlightenment. I once saw Kim Hyun praise a critique by Lee O-young and then soon attack it mercilessly. Disputes over disgracing one’s seniors in the literary world go on and on. Everyone disgraced and deconstructed others. Lee O-young criticized his senior, Jo Yeon-hyeon. Mr. Jo then found fault with the books of Paik Chull.”
The quote is from a recent scholarly article by the veteran Korean literary critic Kim Young-soo, but it appears that many persons in our literary circles still have a sense of generosity and tolerance toward their peers and rivals. In the same book, Mr. Kim recalled an anecdote about the impressive rivalry between the two representative critics of the 1920s, Yang Joo-dong (1903-1977) and Kim Gi-jin (1903-1985).
The two once met in 1976 and conversed. Mr. Yang said, “Frankly speaking, I used to do my critique using literary techniques and literary skills only. But you had a different approach. You used to talk about such things as socialism, nationalism and capitalism.”
Mr. Kim replied, “Yes, we were very gentlemanly then. I wonder if critics these days are still like us. Even though we fought a lot, we never had regrets or stooped to personal attacks.”
President Roh Moo-hyun said recently, “I have been the victim of unjust attacks from a couple of leading newspapers owned by family interests. The damage they inflicted on me is beyond description.”
If there was a person who was truly victimized by “unjust attacks” by the press, it was Abraham Lincoln, whom Mr. Roh respects. When Lincoln was president of the United States, he was many times called a dictator, a traitor, a monster or a monkey. He once was described as the most dishonest and cunning politician to ever dishonor the public service of the United States.
A New York newspaper even wrote that he should have been displayed in an exhibition as a zoological peculiarity. But Lincoln remained unchanged, confident and full of humor. The newspapers that staged the unwarranted attacks on Lincoln are long gone now.
by Noh Jae-hyun
The writer is a deputy international news editor of the JoongAng Ilbo. | <urn:uuid:8320bbe5-d113-4f5d-a0bb-75bf3cb5a296> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2003/04/07/columns/91FOUNTAIN93Criticism-and-the-press/1960834.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974264 | 581 | 1.820313 | 2 |
INSIDE SRI LANKA A monthly insider’s report by Royston Ellis, September 2014
The rejuvenation and expansion of Colombo continues at an incredible pace. Last month I wrote about the opening of the converted old Auditor General’s building by Independence Square into an ornate and upmarket shopping arcade. Now the downmarket area of Pettah opposite the Colombo Fort Railway Station is being gentrified with the conversion of a forgotten and stagnant waterway into an inspiring floating market.
The waterway is suspended between the Beira Lake and a tip of a tributary of the Kelani Ganga (river) by Bastian Mawatha (road) near the bus station, reached by walking to the right after exiting the Fort Railway station. Created by the Urban Development Authority as the first phase of a project to spruce up the entire area, the water has been treated chemically to improve its quality.
More recently known for its open air bazaars, colourful markets and shops overflowing with everything you ever wanted – and most things you will never need – Pettah was a select residential area during the Dutch and early British periods although later, as the British moved to more salubrious districts, it became known as “the native quarter.”
The hope is that the Floating Market will entice tourists and Sri Lankans to patronise this revitalised neighbourhood. Billed in press advertisements as: “A wonderful combination of old world charm, heritage and culture,” the market will feature “92 shops, 10 floating shops, four food courts and a fine dining floating restaurant.”
Word Tourism Day
World Tourism Day is commemorated throughout the world annually on 27 September by the 156 member states of the World Tourist Organisation, a specialised agency of the United Nations. The theme for this year’s events is “Tourism and Community Development.”
The Tourist Board for the Western Province, which is home not only to the Bandaranaike International Airport and Colombo, but also to the popular beach resorts of Negombo, Mount Lavinia and Beruwala, has a record of encouraging community development through tourism. Classes have been held to train those on the periphery of tourism, such as taxi & minibus drivers, beach vendors, boatmen and freelance guides (formerly known as beach boys).
Just as old buildings are being modernised so are old attitudes to make Sri Lanka an even better place for visitors.
The annual Colombo Marathon is being run from Independence Square in Colombo to the Hamilton Canal and along the canal bank to Negombo on Sunday 5 October 2014. This is an official marathon recognised by the world authority for marathon racing and attracts competitors from around the world, as well as thousands of Sri Lankans and visitors running for fun. Closing date for entries is 20 September 2014 www.srilankamarathon.org.
Who will pull the strings?
Puppetry used to be popular in Sri Lanka but now it is a dying art, left in the hands of only a few dedicated practitioners. Puppet shows seem incomprehensible to visitors since they are performed in Sinhala following a traditional script that has been passed on by word of mouth for over three centuries.
It is believed that puppets in their first manifestation in Sri Lanka in ancient times were used as a means of communication, not entertainment. Near life-size figurines, constructed from wood with strings attached so their limbs and faces could be manipulated by their handlers, were created in the likeness of royal rulers and used to broadcast proclamations by performances.
Puppetry progressed from a medium of information to entertainment and puppets were created to represent the heroes of traditional folk tales, acting gripping dramas that would enthral village audiences. The puppets based on characters from the past three centuries and the traditional stories have been retained, but without the appeal and audiences they once had.
However, some Sri Lankans are keen to keep puppetry alive. In Dehiwela, south of Colombo and close to the Zoo, a private museum exists dedicated to traditional puppetry. A variety of puppets in traditional costumes are on display in a purpose built building, suspended from the roof’s beams and sitting in nooks and crannies.
The support of curious tourists will encourage those dedicated artistes to keep this precious art form alive. Otherwise soon there may be no one left to pull the strings.
There has been a revision of the charges for the Electronic Travel Authorisation which is a tourist visa obtained on line www.eta.gov.lk for a visit to Sri Lanka. Registering for this in advance of arrival means that there is no long wait at the immigration desk since the immigration officer just keys in the passport details and out pops a sticker to be placed in the passport giving the expiry date by which the visitor must leave.
The cost for online applications for a visa valid for 30 days, allowing two entries, is US$30. Getting this at the airport involves another queue and having to pay $35. Children under 12 get in free, and there is no charge for a transit visa for a stay of two days.
A British resident of Sri Lanka since 1980, Royston Ellis is an erstwhile beat poet and author of The Bradt Guide to Sri Lanka. His weekly blog is available by free subscription from www.roystonellis.com | <urn:uuid:204bb40c-b655-4f8d-bab1-797727a6e77c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thesrilankatravelblog.com/sri-lanka-monthly-insiders-report-royston-ellis-september-2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960313 | 1,121 | 1.796875 | 2 |
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SmartClick is designed to allow any user that can operate a pointing device (mouse, trackball, serial joystick, headmouse, single switch, etc), but cannot click the pointing device buttons, to have the computer do mouse button functions for them. Double-clicks, right-clicks, drags, and keyboard options are just the beginning. Useful features such as Auto-Repeat (mouse clicks or up/down arrows), Close Window, and Escape key add even more capabilities. So if you can move the mouse cursor (whether by mouse, trackball, joystick, laser-eye tracker, or any other means), you can completely run & operate Windows quickly & easily!
If all you can do is point (i.e. move) the mouse cursor, then you can completely operate Windows with SmartClick! SmartClick clicks (or triggers other selectable actions) by hovering the pointer (mouse cursor) over a target within the Jitter Distance for the Dwell Time. While intended primarily for users that cannot use (or have difficulty using) buttons or switches, but can still move the mouse cursor via mouse, trackball, joystick, eye-tracker, etc.; SmartClick also provides features for users that can single-click, but can not double-click; and touchscreen/stylus users that need access to double-clicks, middle-click, right-clicks, drags, etc.
SmartClick uses the concept of dwell (or hover timer). By moving the mouse cursor to a particular point on the screen, a user-settable dwell timer begins counting down. If the mouse cursor is not moved within the dwell timer period, the selected action is triggered. By default, SmartClick sends a left-click (selection click), but also provides up to 17 additional functions on a customizable palette of actions, such as double-click, drag, middle-click, right-click, move, Activate/Idle, etc., etc.
SmartClick has a user-settable Jitter distance that provides a buffer zone for users that shake or jitter the mouse while hovering.
Download a demo - we strongly recommend that users try any of our enhancement software by using it with our free, limited run-time demos. Everything is contained in the demo, including context sensitive help, advanced notes, configuration options, details, feature list, etc., etc.
No - everything you need is included with SmartClick for all versions of Windows. Your pointing device may require special software from the manufacturer - check with the device's manufacturer for more information.
No - all software released by IMG is considered to be Windows applications, and operates above the hardware drivers - there is no possibility of conflict.
The demo runs for about an hour, and then pops up a "Demo" window, and will not operate unless it is closed & restarted. The licensed version runs without this interruption.
Unlike shareware based or grant funded products, which cannot provide sufficient income to maintain a full-time company with adequate test and support capabilities (because the developer is holding down a full-time job, or the grant period ends), IMG has been providing onscreen keyboards and pointing device utilities since 1993. A large part of our business is in developing utilities that are ultimately bundled by pointing devices manufacturers under their own name. With international distribution on every continent, IMG's products are used by consumers, corporations, commercial and industrial manufacturers, educational institutions, and government agencies worldwide. This means quality products, with quality support, and timely updates.
Depending on product, release version, OS version, and specific technical issue, some tech items are very specific, and some may span to other products/versions.
Please fill out the form below to request a product quote. A representative will respond to you via email or phone as soon as possible. | <urn:uuid:abbb2ee4-9a11-4f35-9ee7-b58a95a4eb3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.specialneedscomputers.ca/index.php?l=product_detail&p=666 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.918505 | 812 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Wireless Companies, FCC Reach Deal On 'Unlocking' Cellphones
U.S. wireless carriers reached a deal with the Federal Communications Commission on Thursday that will make it easier for consumers to "unlock" their mobile phones and use them on a competitor's network.
The deal came in the wake of a consumer rebellion over the policy of locking cellphones to a carrier. A petition that garnered more than 114,000 signatures landed at the White House, and the Obama administration sided with the petitioners.
The law changed this year after a ruling by the Library of Congress, which oversees U.S. copyright law and reviews exemptions every three years. After pressure from the wireless industry, the Library of Congress did not renew an exemption that had allowed consumers to unlock a cellphone.
But under Thursday's agreement, a carrier such as T-Mobile, AT&T or Verizon must now unlock a cellphone from its network within two days if a consumer requests it at the end of a service contract.
The agreement doesn't fully satisfy consumer advocates. Derek Khanna, one of the organizers of the White House petition, points out that it remains illegal to unlock a phone without permission from the carrier. "If a consumer chooses to unlock his or her own device," he says, "let's say [they] travel abroad, it is still a felony punishable by five years in prison."
Khanna also would like the FCC to monitor wireless companies to make certain that unlocking is an easy process for consumers. And advocates are still pressing for Congress to take up the issue and change copyright law.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:e6bbb757-24ef-45ae-90d7-06fef955b395> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wamc.org/2013-12-12/wireless-companies-fcc-reach-deal-on-unlocking-cellphones | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945797 | 340 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Pet dogs are our companions for a lifetime. You can get a pet dog for your family and also benefit in many ways. But, if your dog keeps unwell like sneezing, you need to know why does my dog keep sneezing all the time. It is very essential to look after the health of your pet dogs.
If you love to have a pet dog, then learn how to take care of them. From time to time your dog will develop some health issues suddenly. But, if your dog is sneezing most of the time, may be because of foreign bodies that entered through their nose. It may also be some irritants while moving outside.
- 1 Why does my dog keep sneezing and coughing?
- 2 Why does my dog keep sneezing and gagging?
- 3 Why does my dog keep sneezing on me?
- 4 Why does my dog keep sneezing and have a runny nose
- 5 Why does my dog keep sneezing all of a sudden
- 6 Why does my dog keep sneezing outside
- 7 FAQs
Why does my dog keep sneezing and coughing?
Pet dogs do develop some kind of allergies with time. If you find your dog continuously sneezing and coughing this might be because of allergies. There are some common allergies that pet dogs have that may make them feel extra itchy. They may also have running noses or eyes while sneezing and coughing.
If your furry companion has been in someplace that your dog is not familiar with, then they can develop this allergy from that place. So be careful wherever you take your dog. If they tend to be more playful, then also they might sneeze and cough more than they do normally.
Why does my dog keep sneezing and gagging?
Your dog may not respond to some unfamiliar environment or objects quickly. But once they do, you need to know why does my dog keep sneezing and gagging often. They may be sneezing due to foreign particles that might have entered their body.
Gagging in dogs may be caused due to objects that got logged in their throat or mouth. It may include bone splinters, plant matter, or strings. It may also be caused due to mucus, mites, and obstructions in the nasal passage of your pet dog. Your dog is not getting choked while your dog is gagging you may be just making noises due to the uncomfortable feeling.
Why does my dog keep sneezing on me?
Your pet dog loves you, and so when you sneeze, they hop on you to check on you. When they sniff you, if they discover some new smell, they might sneeze on you. But, mostly it happens because they rush over to check on you, and in the meanwhile, your dog sneeze on you.
It is completely fine if they do sneeze on you, but might not be for your health. So, always do wipe yourself properly after you play with your dog. The particles on your pet dog would not pass on to you if you keep yourself clean from time to time.
Why does my dog keep sneezing and have a runny nose
To know why does my dog keep sneezing and has a runny nose, you need to learn your dog’s healthy habits. Only their anatomy is different from ours. As people, they are also allergic to many things.
You need to first learn about the things they are allergic to. But, if your dog keeps sneezing and has a runny nose it could be due to nasal mites or nasal tumors. Some uncomfortable foreign particles might have entered their body through your pet dog’s nose.
Why does my dog keep sneezing all of a sudden
There might be some airborne allergies in your dog. It might also be caused due to nasal infections.
Why does my dog keep sneezing outside
If your dog has been lately sneezing outside, it could be due to some particles that he/she is not familiar with. This article might be found outside where your dog keeps sneezing. Hopefully this article helped you in answering all of your questions.
Why does my dog keep sneezing constantly?
The common cause could be due to nasal mites or a nasal tumor.
Why does my dog keep sneezing repeatedly?
Your dog might be trying to get rid of some unfamiliar thing that keeps your dog sneezing repeatedly. It might be like some pollen, aerosols, and dust. If it is happening more, then it is a tumor.
Why does my dog keep sneezing and hacking?
Respiratory problems might be the cause of your dog sneezing and hacking. There are so many various viruses outside that may also cause hacking and sneezing to your pet dog.
Why does my dog keep sneezing and sniffing?
Sniffing is always a part of a dog’s habits. They tend to sniff all the time but, if they sneeze and sniff you, it could be that they feel you have been with some other dog and playing with them. | <urn:uuid:f90b0b01-af91-437f-9dc0-6a4db6f493f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mypettips.com/why-does-my-dog-keep-sneezing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97108 | 1,080 | 1.890625 | 2 |
I saw this cemetery on my map and thought I'd check it out. Eastern State Hospital is the oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States. Visit wiki for more detailed history of the hospital.
This is such a sad cemetery. When you first enter, there is a monument dedicated to all those who died at the hospital. Considering it's been open since 1770, who knows where exactly all these folks were buried. The monuments list over 1,000 names. And, as you look around, it looks just like a rolling field with a few random gravestones. As I walked across the field to look at one lone marker near the edge of the property. As I looked down, I noticed a half buried stone flush to the ground. On closer inspection, I see what looks like the number 584. Then I realized, this was a marker for patient 584, no name. So sad...
As I looked around, I began to notice lots of stones like this, mostly buried in the ground. I'm sure a lot of the names on the main entrance monuments are linked to these numbers somehow.
37° 15' 20" N
76° 42' 35" W | <urn:uuid:7876a347-e33b-41f8-819b-7d74c06a6589> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://osborneonline.net/gallery/index.php?/category/11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96834 | 253 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Many of us need to be reminded of this every day. You have to take a break from your own health care and check into the care of others. In the world of medicine, and the larger society, we must take care of ourselves.
Of course, this is where the debate about whether people need health insurance kicks in. The basic idea is that a lot of illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease, are preventable. However, if you don’t have health insurance, you’re paying for care that’s not covered by insurance. It’s like paying for a college education in the US, but without the financial aid.
This is another area where the debate becomes complicated. We are all different, and some have more health needs than others. No one wants to be the one with the big insurance bill. But we have no way of knowing what your medical needs are or what your overall health insurance plan will cover. If you do have health insurance, then you should be able to make an informed decision as to whether or not you need it.
This is why it’s important to make sure you have a high-quality health insurance plan. And there are two types of health insurance plans: “traditional” and “supplemental”. Traditional plans cover a very wide range of medical needs. It is assumed that most people’s doctor will have a high enough skill level to help them manage their health. So if you have a traditional health insurance plan, you’ll usually only pay for a limited set of medical services.
For example, a person who has a regular doctor will generally have access to a wide range of medical services, but without a regular doctor, they are more likely to fall into a medical trap or be diagnosed with a life-threatening condition. For example, a person with a regular doctor is more likely to get a chest X-ray than a patient without a regular doctor. Since the X-ray is a low-tech medical test, the additional cost is minimal.
I think the same can be said for health care. I think a person with a regular doctor is more likely to get a mammogram, colonoscopy, and/or an MRI than a person without a regular doctor. The additional cost is minimal and the benefits are also low-tech medical tests.
I think this is true for health care as well. If a person has a regular doctor, they don’t need to go to the hospital to get a checkup. If a person doesn’t have a regular doctor, there are hospitals that take the responsibility off of you.
While we’re on the subject of health care, let’s face it – a regular doctor is one who takes care of you. A regular doctor may just be a regular person, but a regular doctor is also a doctor. This is what allows you to get care in a variety of settings, including a hospital, a doctor’s office, a clinic, and so on. Doctors are just doctors and a regular doctor is a regular doctor.
The point is, if you need treatment, get it in a doctor’s office.
This isn’t meant as a criticism of the hospital you go to. This is about the fact that you are getting treatment in a doctor’s office. It is much cheaper to get care in a doctors office than it is at a hospital. | <urn:uuid:41f96b16-8d9b-4cea-9e48-3cf984830a0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthytimesonline.com/mdny-health-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.972714 | 713 | 2.671875 | 3 |
If Hollywood ever makes a movie about the movement to boycott Israel, I can think of no one better suited to the starring role than Emma Thompson.
I imagine Thompson’s character as a schoolteacher or a librarian, dowdy looking with just a hint of prettiness. She lives alone in a cozy apartment filled with potted plants and books on personal growth, third-world politics and vegetarian cookery. Her significant other is a fluffy cat that nestles in her lap every night as she sits in front of her computer reading the latest dispatches from occupied “Palestine,” her face etched with righteous disbelief. She doesn’t have time for a boyfriend, but that won’t stop her would-be suitor, an equally self-righteous, mildly kooky Jewish writer — think Peter Beinart — from trying to win her heart.
By the time we’re halfway through the film, Emma will have decided that she simply must visit the West Bank, despite the enormous dangers posed by the Israeli occupation forces. She comes to this awareness while attending a Passover seder hosted by her aspiring boyfriend, during which he pulls out a fading photograph of his great-grandmother who was murdered during the Holocaust.
Fighting back the tears, he confides that, “If she could see what Israel has become, she’d die all over again from the shame.” The two fall into each other’s arms, waking the next morning to a breakfast of matzo brei — as Emma tries to pronounce the name of the dish she’s eating, we giggle through the obligatory moment of light relief — before she’s whisked away in a taxi to the airport, and thence to the beautiful, yet tragic, land of Palestine.
In the West Bank, she cavorts with cute little kids — “just like the ones I teach back home” — drinks mint tea with effusive women who bear the daily humiliation of occupation with a smile and a shrug, and admires the steely-eyed men who stand up to the nasty Israelis with all the conviction of a Gandhi or a Martin Luther King.
Emma embraces their anger but concludes that violence is not the answer. Just before she leaves the Palestinian village that now feels like home, she regales the enthusiastically nodding villagers with a speech — tearful, of course — expounding on the importance of nonviolence. “Don’t use bombs,” she exhorts. “Use boycotts.” Their applause can be heard all the way to the adjacent Israeli army base, where the commander is suddenly struck by the realization that the Palestinian aspiration for freedom can never be crushed.
Roll the credits. And don’t call it a chick flick.
With a movie like this one, art would be imitating life — to be precise, Emma Thompson’s life. Recently, the Oscar-winning actress joined with other darlings of stage and screen to protest the participation of Tel Aviv’s venerable Habimah Theater in a London festival that is performing the plays of William Shakespeare in 37 different languages.
In a letter published by The Guardian — a liberal newspaper with a long track record of publishing anti-Semitic material — Thompson and her cohorts slammed “Habima” [sic] for its “shameful record of involvement with illegal Israeli settlements in Occupied Palestinian Territory.” They ended with a demand to exclude the theater from the festival. No such objections were voiced concerning the participation of a Palestinian theater troupe, nor the involvement of the National Theater of China, which is directly funded by one of the world’s most repressive regimes.
In fact, there are many good reasons to ditch political objections and keep the festival open to all — which its organizers, to their credit, have done, in spite of Thompson’s fulminations. To perform Shakespeare is in itself a celebration of artistic freedom. Habimah’s version of “The Merchant of Venice,” the play that gave us the figure of Shylock, the Jewish moneylender who embodies anti-Semitic canards even as he challenges them, is sure to be enticing. And I would genuinely love to see how actors from communist China interpret the story of “Richard III.”
For those like Emma Thompson, though, boycotts are predicated on supposedly universal principles and then applied to only one target — Israel. To understand the strategy here, it’s worth recalling the campaign in the UK for a boycott of Israeli academic institutions. Ten years ago, an article in The Guardian noted that Israel’s universities are victims of their own success: “The nature of Israel’s academic pre-eminence,” the article explained, “makes it vulnerable to a boycott.”
The same logic applies to the flourishing arts scene in Israel. The excellence of a theater like Habimah, along with its enthusiasm to perform outside Israel’s borders, renders it a sitting duck for boycott campaigners. In their warped view of the world, Palestinian freedom can only be achieved by quarantining Israelis on the basis of their nationality. Thus do apparently free-spirited artists echo the racist policies of the Arab League, which began its boycott of the Jewish community in Eretz Israel in 1945, three years before the state of Israel was born.
What, then, is the appropriate response to Emma Thompson and those like her? Certainly not to make the movie I described earlier. Instead, they should be given a taste of their own medicine.
We are often told that Jews run Hollywood — the same Hollywood that carried on casting Vanessa Redgrave, Emma Thompson’s fellow Brit, in leading roles after she denounced so-called “Zionist hoodlums” in an Oscar acceptance speech in 1978. Will the studio moguls continue to indulge Thompson as they indulged Redgrave? Or will they show some gumption, and tell her that, for as long as she seeks to discriminate against Israeli artists, she will be banished from our screens?
I think I know, sadly, what the answer is. But I’d love to be proved wrong.
(Ben Cohen is a senior columnist for JointMedia News Service and is president of The Ladder Group, a communications consultancy based in New York.) | <urn:uuid:bdf667fc-d7e7-40ab-bc62-6d284e8f345d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jewishchronidev.timesofisrael.com/art-imitates-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955394 | 1,317 | 1.75 | 2 |
Rajasthan Pin Codes
The following table provides Pin Codes of all Post Offices in Rajasthan grouped on the basis of districts. All you have to do is click the district name whose Post Offices and Pin Codes you are trying to find. The link will take you to the district page which displays the names of Post offices along with their Pin Codes.
|S.No.||District Name||No. of Post Offices|
There are 32 districts in the state of Rajasthan. All the 32 districts of the state have a total of 10334 post offices spread across the state. Each Post Office of Rajasthan has a unique Pin Code. The first two digits of the Pin code indicate the state as each state has its unique state code. The remaining digits indicate districts and post offices. It is important to note that Pin code of Rajasthan Post offices starts with two unique digits between the numbers 30 - 34. | <urn:uuid:2d79c156-e9b0-4698-9fde-79f706d6ae54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pincode.india-server.com/states/rajasthan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.670814 | 556 | 1.609375 | 2 |
StyleBooks simplify the task of managing complex Citrix ADC configurations for your applications. A StyleBook is a template that you can use to create and manage Citrix ADC configurations. You can create a StyleBook for configuring a specific feature of Citrix ADC, or you can design a StyleBook to create configurations for an enterprise application deployment such as Microsoft Exchange or Lync.
StyleBooks fit in well with the principles of Infrastructure-as-code that is practiced by DevOps teams, where configurations are declarative and version-controlled. The configurations are also repeated and are deployed as a whole. StyleBooks offer the following advantages:
Declarative: StyleBooks are written in a declarative rather than imperative syntax. Stylebooks allow you to focus on describing the outcome or the “desired state” of the configuration rather than the step-by-step instructions on how to achieve it on a particular Citrix ADC instance. Citrix Application Delivery Management (ADM) computes the diff between existing state on a Citrix ADC and the desired state you specified, and makes the necessary edits to the infrastructure. Because StyleBooks use a declarative syntax, written in YAML, components of a StyleBook can be specified in any order, and Citrix ADM determines the correct order based on their computed dependencies.
Atomic: When you use StyleBooks to deploy configurations, the full configuration is deployed or none of it is deployed and this ensures that the infrastructure is always left in a consistent state.
Versioned: A StyleBook has a name, namespace, and a version number that uniquely distinguishes it from any other StyleBook in the system. Any modification to a StyleBook requires an update to its version number (or to its name or namespace) to maintain this unique character. The version update also allows you to maintain multiple versions of the same StyleBook.
Composable: After a StyleBook is defined, the StyleBook can be used as a unit to build other StyleBooks. You can avoid repeating common patterns of configuration. It also allows you to establish standard building blocks in your organization. Because StyleBooks are versioned, changes to existing StyleBooks results in new StyleBooks, therefore ensuring that dependent StyleBooks are never unintentionally broken.
App-Centric: StyleBooks can be used to define the Citrix ADC configuration of a full application. The configuration of the application can be abstracted by using parameters. Therefore, users who create configurations from a StyleBook can interact with a simple interface consisting of filling a few parameters to create what can be a complex Citrix ADC configuration. Configurations that are created from StyleBooks are not tied to the infrastructure. A single configuration can thus be deployed on one or multiple Citrix ADCs, and can also be moved among instances.
Auto-Generated UI: Citrix ADM auto-generates UI forms used to fill in the parameters of the StyleBook when configuration is done using the Citrix ADM GUI. StyleBook authors do not need to learn a new GUI language or separately create UI pages and forms.
API-driven: All configuration operations are supported by using the Citrix ADM GUI or through REST APIs. The APIs can be used in synchronous or asynchronous mode. In addition to the configuration tasks, the StyleBooks APIs also allow you to discover the schema (parameters description) of any StyleBook at runtime.
You can use one StyleBook to create multiple configurations. Each configuration is saved as a config pack. For example, consider that you have a StyleBook that defines a typical HTTP load balancing application configuration. You can create a configuration with values for the load balancing entities and execute it on a Citrix ADC instance. This configuration is saved as a config pack. You can use the same StyleBook to create another configuration with different values and execute it on the same or a different Citrix ADC instance. A new config pack is created for this configuration. A config pack is saved both on Citrix ADM and on the Citrix ADC instance on which the configuration is executed.
You can either use default StyleBooks, shipped with Citrix ADM, to create configurations for your deployment, or design your own StyleBooks and import them to Citrix ADM. You can use the StyleBooks to create configurations either by using the Citrix ADM GUI or by using APIs.
This document includes the following information: | <urn:uuid:de052af6-c9e2-470b-a210-1ac70a970bf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.citrix.com/en-us/citrix-application-delivery-management-software/current-release/stylebooks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.876431 | 914 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The following addresses frequently asked questions concerning NEPA and EA preparation. The Q&As will be updated as more information becomes available. Please call 202-418-1310 for additional questions you may have.
Q. Is it necessary to hire outside environmental consultants, scientists, archaeologists or historians to comply with these rules?
A. The Nationwide Programmatic Agreement requires use of a qualified professional to perform certain aspects of review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Applicants may also need to obtain expert assistance to perform other aspects of environmental review, depending on the circumstances of the case. For example, the Bureau requires that conclusions regarding effects on endangered species be supported by documentation from either the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the applicant’s qualified expert.
Q. Which government agency or office can assist us in determining whether or not a proposed construction may require an environmental assessment (EA) under section 1.1307?
A. The Commission is not an expert agency on all environmental matters. Therefore, in evaluating environmental assessments prepared and filed pursuant to NEPA, we defer to the opinions or judgments of other agencies with expertise over a particular subject matter. These agencies can also assist you in determining whether your proposed construction may affect the subject matter over which the agency has expertise, and they can offer suggestions on how to mitigate any impacts. The federal and certain state agencies with expertise and jurisdiction over each of the categories in section 1.1307 are as follows:
- Wilderness Area: Relevant federal or state land management agency (e.g., National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service).
- Wildlife Preserve: Relevant federal or state land management agency (e.g., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
- Endangered Species: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. You may also contact the Commission's staff biologist, Deborah Spring, 202-418-0367, firstname.lastname@example.org
- Historic Preservation: The State Historic Preservation Officer and federally recognized Indian Tribes as required under the Nationwide Programmatic Agreement. For further assistance, contact the Commission's Federal Preservation Officer, Jill Springer, 202-418-1345, email@example.com or Deputy Federal Preservation Officer/Cultural Resources Specialist, Christine Heacock, 202-418-1503, firstname.lastname@example.org
- Indian Religious Site: Contact the Commission’s Federal Preservation Officer, Jill Springer, 202-418-1345, email@example.com or Deputy Federal Preservation Officer/Cultural Resources Specialist, Christine Heacock, 202-418-1503, firstname.lastname@example.org
- Floodplain: For maps, Federal Emergency Management Agency
- Surface Features: U.S. Army Corp of Engineers or state agencies
- High Intensity Lights in Residential Neighborhoods: Federal Aviation Administration
- Excessive Radiofrequency Emission: Federal Communications Commission's Office of Engineering and Technology
- Migratory Birds: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. You may also contact the Commission's staff biologist, Deborah Spring, 202-418-0367, email@example.com
Q. Should any other state or local government agency also be contacted to determine the environmental effects of a situation listed under section 1.1307?
A. Yes. You should always contact state and local government offices with responsibility over the affected subject matter, as some of these offices share jurisdiction with a federal agency. In addition, some states have environmental laws and regulations which may be more stringent than federal standards, and you must comply with all relevant laws in addition to the Commission's NEPA rules.
Q. What is the environmental notice process?
A. Information on the requirements for providing notice of applications being submitted to the Antenna Structure Registration (ASR) system can be found here.
Q. What is an EA? What does it look like? How long should it be? How can we obtain a sample of a good EA?
A. An EA is a document which, among other purposes, serves to assist the Bureau staff in understanding the environmental effects of a proposed construction. Thus the document should contain all relevant information necessary for the Bureau staff to make a determination on the extent of any environmental impacts. Rule section 1.1311 details what should be included in an EA, and the Bureau staff has prepared a checklist further describing what we look for in an EA. It is helpful to include as attachments, copies of all relevant correspondence with and permits or authorizations issued by local or state officials, in an EA. Applicants interested in seeing sample EAs may use the Daily Digest to look up recently approved applications with EAs. The lists of approved applications are released on Wednesdays, and have the following title: ANTENNA STRUCTURE REGISTRATION SERVICE INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION.
Q. Should the EA address all the categories even if only one or two of those listed categories are actually affected?
A. Yes. The EA should be comprehensive in its analysis by discussing the reasons why a particular category is affected as well as the reasons why other categories listed in section 1.1307(a) (b) are not affected by the proposed action. If a proposed tower would be over 450 feet in height, an EA is always required and the EA should also address the tower's potential effects on migratory birds, as discussed in the Note to Section 11307(d). The substantial portion of the analysis should address the categories which are affected by the proposed construction.
Q. What is a "floodplain" referred to in section 1.1307(a)(6)? Is there a difference between a 100-year and a 500-year floodplain?
A. According to Executive Order 11988 referred to in section 1.1307(a)(6), a floodplain is defined as the "lowland and relatively flat area adjoining inland and coastal waters . . . including at a minimum, that area subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year." This definition is often referred to as a "100-year floodplain."
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the administrator of the National Flood Insurance Program, and the federal agency with lead responsibility for flood hazard assessment and mitigation. FEMA has adopted the 100-year floodplain as the base flood standard for NFIP as that agency is mainly concerned with construction which could potentially be harm from flooding in a 100-year floodplain, rather than a 500-year floodplain, which is an area that has a 0.2 percent chance of a flood in a year. However, FEMA is also concerned with any construction in a 500-year floodplain if the proposed project is considered a "critical action." A "critical action" is defined as any activity for which even a slight chance of flooding is too great. Relying upon FEMA's guidelines, the Bureau understands the term "floodplain" as used in Section 1.1307(a)(6) to refer to either a 100-year floodplain, or a 500-year floodplain subject to "critical action" characterization. However, to fully understand these terms and concepts, it is advised that you review FEMA's Further Advice on Executive Order 11988 Floodplain Management, and the U.S. Water Resources Council's Floodplain Management Guidelines for Implementing E.O. 11988, published on February 10, 1978, at page 6030 of volume 43 of the Federal Register.
Q. Since the Commission issued its NEPA Rules in 1986 with certain amendments thereafter, are structures built prior to 1986 exempt from compliance, or must the existing structures be re-evaluated now for environmental compliance?
A. NEPA is a federal policy directive aimed at producing quality agency decisions that take into consideration environmental consequences. NEPA does not set a time frame in which to come into compliance with the law as environmental problems can change with time. Thus, even if you have never filed an EA on a structure because it was constructed prior to 1986, you are required to come into compliance now, under the environmental conditions of the structure as it exists today. Keep in mind, however, that coming into compliance with the NEPA Rules may not require you to file an EA if the conditions under which your structure stands today do not involve any of the categories listed in section 1.1307. It simply requires you to conduct a field investigation on the structure to be sure that no negative environmental problems exist today. | <urn:uuid:c7c0aafd-e354-4386-85f4-5b1b85529a21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fcc.gov/general/nepa-faq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.929034 | 1,757 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The last piece put up for your reading pleasure touched on the finished work of Hilary Hahn and Cory Smythe, as well as flipping around how we, as a music consuming public, might newly view pieces written and used for encores. It is quite the specific facet to bring to the forefront but not without enough substance to construct an ongoing movement, if everyone took to it enough. That said, presenting this same type of idea for an equally specific musical archetype seems like a farfetched possibility, if not downright impossible. That’s what I thought initially after finishing last week anyway.
Sheer coincidence would have it though, that immediately following my drawing this conclusion, a raw idea came through the shouts and declarations of one very specific, televised clip that aired tat the beginning of last week, on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. If you haven’t guessed the clip in question already, we are talking about his immortal “I Have a Dream” speech -and the whole presentation at that- not just an except. My only regret is that I did not get inspired to pose this idea prior to the day itself.
I unleash this premise to the web and to the songwriters of the world:
What if we forged a new spin on the embodiment of history by interpreting speech into music?
Stick with this premise for the moment if you will. Mused over for more than a minute and the potential of this inspiration source seems like if could stand rather well on its own. The representing of truly unique events, while also turning out truly unique compositions one after the other, just by the nature of how and from where every piece’s shape would be drawn and the mold of the “same old grind” of writing about love, sex, drinking and death, could easily get busted apart -and for the better.
Way back when, in the first year of Throw the Dice and Play Nice, in this post, I had expanded upon the discussion of speech patterns and their audible pitch(es), that was breached in a fascinating Radiolab podcast on the human perception of sound. (Here is the whole podcast and the insights of music psychologist, Diane Deutsch.) The reason I bring this out of the archives is to remind, or perhaps newly mention to some, that all speech, regardless of its primary intended purpose, can be feasibly matched to a musical counterpart. After making that acknowledgment, it merely comes down to a matter of how much we do or don’t emphasize this inherent quality and apply it to a musical form for performance or playback.
Now, with what’s been mentioned to this point, have a listen to “I Have a Dream.”
Aside from the popular and repeatedly clipped, climactic and ending segments, there are many additional, unique peaks and valleys during King’s speech; dynamic peaks and valleys that can be attributed to not just loud or soft but to the presentation’s total sense of character: volume, chosen words, order of delivery, King’s individual vocal inflections, head versus chest voice, and so on. Hold these thoughts at the front of your mind and then just listen to the speech, but, not necessarily the words. Just listen to the pure sound, perhaps even disregarding the language component all together. That’s what I found myself doing when the idea of speech set to music struck me. Combined with clear suggestions that tilt toward certain dynamics, the speech’s delivery also lends itself to an assortment of instruments and performance techniques, a steady crescendo on a 120 quarter note, timpani roll, for example, that I believe would create a surprising but satisfying end result if drafted down on some manuscript.
We already have songs that are inspired by images and films that are aggregated to create soundtrack compilations, songs intended for scores written to audibly adorn the former and latter but in a more indirect manner and, now, we are even starting to more seriously embrace the complexities of music geared specifically toward the amalgamated elements of video gameplay experiences; with research groups like the UK’s “Ludomusicology” taking an enthusiastic spot ‘at the front of the class.’ Imagine what this slight, but still individualist, tweak to indirect scoring of visual action, would do for things like education and memory retention. Not only King’s iconic speech but other common pieces of US academic repertoire like the Gettysburg address, the John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address, speeches following 9/11…
Such moments in history could be re-introduced in a way that fuses the best aspects and or benefits of film scoring, creative interpretation, the fundamental scholastic purposes of the animated series, “School House Rock,” the scientific study of effects of music listening on work performance,and, it would adda new place for the application of classical music in daily mainstream study, that does not involve directly competing with other veins of coursework -like the infamous battle against athletics.
Lastly, and probably my favorite possibility to consider with this compositional proposal: | <urn:uuid:6386458a-c8ba-41a3-86b2-da6650e1a689> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://throwthediceandplaynice.com/2014/01/sounds-like-speech-if-you-catch-my-drift.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950435 | 1,054 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Do you enjoy fun and lively conversations?
Do you want to challenge the status quo?
Do you have questions about Judaism that are important to discuss?
Do you want to discover how Judaism is relevant and forward-thinking?
Do you want to join a warm community?
Then join the club! Sinai Scholars is for you! This learning experience is different from any class you have ever attended!
Sinai Scholars is not a series of lectures; it is a series of interactive discussions. It is not a repeat of what you experienced in Hebrew school; it is fun, stimulating, deep, and relevant. It is not a time to listen; it’s a time to question. It is not geared to tell you what to think; it provides an opportunity to explore Judaism’s rich heritage at your own pace with you in the driver’s seat.
Sinai Scholars is a platform upon which participants explore central elements of Judaism that are relevant, interesting, and empowering for all Jews, irrespective of background, education, and level of commitment. By the end of this journey, you will have a richer appreciation for some of the core elements of Jewish heritage and Jewish identity, along with a deeper understanding about how these interface with modern life. More | <urn:uuid:d71c001f-3e1f-4fd5-b7b3-b42c7b982b96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jewmich.com/sinaischolars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934909 | 258 | 1.734375 | 2 |
An experimental study of aerodynamic damping has been carried out on an axial compressor in which stagger angle, pressure ratio, and relative velocity was varied. The study utilized explosive charges buried in the tip of the blade to provide excitation and found the damping by measuring the log decrement of the vibrations. The blade vibratory mode was pure bending.
- International Gas Turbine Institute
Aerodynamic Damping in Turbomachinery
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Cavaillé, Y. "Aerodynamic Damping in Turbomachinery." Proceedings of the ASME 1972 International Gas Turbine and Fluids Engineering Conference and Products Show. ASME 1972 International Gas Turbine and Fluids Engineering Conference and Products Show. San Francisco, California, USA. March 26–30, 1972. V001T01A008. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/72-GT-8
Download citation file: | <urn:uuid:263a3586-e2d9-4b08-8cb6-ad6a7298be92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings/GT1972/79818/V001T01A008/230937 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.825603 | 210 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Jie)
The traditional Chinese Dragon Boat (Duanwu) Festival takes place every year in May and has a strong position in Wuhan and is dedicated to the memory of the great politician and poet Qu Yuan, who was an advisor to King Huai of Chu in the state of Chu in the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.). The Dragon Boat Festival is is celebrated all over China on the fifth day of the fifth moon, or month, of the lunar calendar.
According to the legend Qu Yuan was a brilliant advisor that understood the threats from the states surrounding the kingdom of Chu but King Huai was not interested in his advice, so Qu was banished to an isolated village, where he lived for seven years writing great poems. When he one day in 278 B.C. heard, that his predictions had all come true, he drowned himself, at the age of 62, in the Miluo River, hoping that his death could get King Huai to revitalize the Kingdom of Chu. The fishermen in the village tried to rescue Qu by rowing their dragon boats along the river beating drums while their wives threw wrapped rice into the river hoping that fishes would eat them instead of Ch’u Yuan’s body. The day was May 5th of the Chinese lunar calendar and still at a traditional Dragon Boat festival in China people eat zongzi (cone-shaped steamed glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves).
Today there are Dragon Boat Clubs all over the world and this old Chinese tradition is today a science with fibreglass boats and state of the art shape and style for the hull to create the fastest boats. Of course there are still boats being made in traditional materials but they are more heavy and require a lot more care and maintenance.
Authorities in Hubei province have submitted an application to UNESCO nominating China’s Dragon Boat Festival for the “Intangible Culture Heritage” tag. | <urn:uuid:387de62a-f920-449a-a30a-073e464076be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visitwuhan.com/tourism-in-wuhan/wuhan-festivals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.972861 | 404 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Something that is hereditary is passed from parent to child, either through their genes
(such as facial features and certain diseases) or through inheritance
(such as a title of nobility
Bloodline is a term describing one's familial ancestry.
The link here from quiver (mathematics) relates to a technical meaning from mathematics. | <urn:uuid:f1af5218-7df0-4401-accf-5a8da52734fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.fact-index.com/h/he/hereditary.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.959149 | 74 | 2.53125 | 3 |
- 1 How many tourists visited Paris in 2019?
- 2 How many tourists visited Paris in 2018?
- 3 Which tourist attraction in Paris has the most visitors every year?
- 4 How much money does the Eiffel Tower make each year?
- 5 Which country visits Paris the most?
- 6 What is the most visited city in the world?
- 7 What is the Eiffel Towers nickname?
- 8 Is Paris the most visited city?
- 9 Which country is the most visited by tourist?
- 10 How much does it cost to see the Eiffel Tower?
- 11 Where should I eat dinner in Paris?
- 12 How many tourists visited Paris in 2020?
- 13 How much is the Eiffel Tower worth 2020?
- 14 Will the Eiffel Tower fall down?
- 15 Can you zip line off the Eiffel Tower?
How many tourists visited Paris in 2019?
In 2019 there were 35.4 million tourist arrivals in hotels in Paris. Despite the development of new hosting methods like the famous online platform Airbnb, Parisian hotels keep being one of the most favored ways to stay in the City of Lights.
How many tourists visited Paris in 2018?
Tourism in Paris is a major income source. In 2018, 17.95 million international, overnighting tourists visited the city, mainly for sightseeing and shopping (and estimated to be well over double if including domestic overnighting visitors).
Which tourist attraction in Paris has the most visitors every year?
Around 12 million people visited Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris in 2018, making it the most visited cultural attraction in Paris.
How much money does the Eiffel Tower make each year?
However, even if its popularity is well established, the Eiffel Tower is not the most visited monument in France. It is outdistanced by the Louvre Museum, which attracts nearly 9 million euros each year and by the Palace of Versailles.
|Turnover in millions|
Which country visits Paris the most?
Tourism contributes significantly to the balance of payments. France was visited by 89 million total foreign tourists in 2018, the most of any country in the world. Number of stays.
|Rank||Country||Number of nights|
What is the most visited city in the world?
The most visited cities in the world attract as much as 47 percent of all the travelers according to Euromonitor International, an independent research think tank. What the research shows is that the most popular cities, including Hong Kong, Bangkok, and London combined, attract more than 72 million visitors a year.
What is the Eiffel Towers nickname?
There are 5 billion lights on the Eiffel Tower. The French have a nickname for the tower: La Dame de Fer, “the Iron Lady.”
Is Paris the most visited city?
Paris is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, with over 30 million foreign visitors per year. As the paragon of style, Paris is one of the most glamorous cities in the world.
Which country is the most visited by tourist?
France is the world’s number one destination for international tourists, the most recent figures from the UNWTO show. Almost 90 million people visited the country in 2018. Spain isn’t far behind, with over 82 million visitors. The United States, China and Italy complete the top five.
How much does it cost to see the Eiffel Tower?
New Eiffel Tower rates
|Adult rate||Child rate|
|Ticket with access lift – Second floor||16.60 euros||4.10 euros|
|Ticket with access stairs – Second floor||10.40 euros||2.60 euros|
|Ticket with access lift – The top||25.90 euros||6.50 euros|
|Ticket with acess stairs 2nd floor + lift – The top||19.70 euros||5 euros|
Where should I eat dinner in Paris?
Beefbar Paris – a historic restaurant near the Champs Elysées. Astair – brasserie fare in an Art Nouveau passage. Jòia – hearty south-western French food in trendy Sentier. Girafe – where dining comes with killer Eiffel Tower views. L’Abysse – where French and Japanese talent come together near the Champs Elysées.
How many tourists visited Paris in 2020?
France is now targeting 100 million foreign tourists for 2020. Paris tourism statistics have seen a record number of visitors, surpassing 40 million in 2018. France is the most visited country in the world.
How much is the Eiffel Tower worth 2020?
The Eiffel Tower worth $545 billion is the most valuable monument in Europe.
Will the Eiffel Tower fall down?
We could thus imagine that it would take about a thousand years for take the Tower down. But in the meantime, perhaps all of the components of the Tower will be replaced one by one, without affecting its shape or distorting its details. So long live the Eiffel Tower!
Can you zip line off the Eiffel Tower?
The Eiffel Tower’s new zip line lets you zoom off the iconic building at over 377 feet. | <urn:uuid:5e03d7e8-730c-466f-bb8d-d87565e2665b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://stonehengepostcards.com/interesting/readers-ask-how-many-tourist-visit-the-eiffel-tower-each-year.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.918556 | 1,185 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Begin your recovery today
Cocaine is a highly addictive drug. It acts as a stimulant and gives users a short-term boost of energy, alertness and focus. However, cocaine has a very dark side. According to a National Survey on Drug Use and Health more than 35 million Americans claim they have used cocaine at some point in their lives. Each year more than half a million people end up in the emergency department because of cocaine. Cocaine can impact your health, job and relationships.
Here are some common symptoms associated with cocaine addiction to help you determine if you or a loved one may need help:
When you use cocaine, especially over an extended period, it increases your chance of heart attack, lung damage, seizures, headaches, loss of smell, bowel decay and permanent alterations in your mood.
Cocaine is highly addictive, but you can learn to live without it. Jackson House Addiction Treatment & Recovery Center is the perfect place to start your journey to sobriety. We have a team to provide you continued support as you detox, and then we'll work with you to overcome underlying issues that may be driving your addiction and develop new tools to help you live without drugs.
Our cocaine addiction treatment program includes supervised detox, activities to teach you how to cope with life’s stressors, individual and group therapy, a strong emphasis on nutrition to help your body replenish its nutrients, medication management (if needed) and ongoing support once you leave treatment.
Wondering if you have a problem with cocaine use? Take our short self-assessment.
COCAINE ADDICTION QUIZ
Take our 10-question quiz to see if you have any signs of a cocaine addiction. If you are struggling with addiction, remember there is hope. Jackson House is here to help.
1. How often do you use cocaine?
2. Do you feel like you need to use more cocaine to achieve the same level of high?
3. When you use cocaine do you put yourself in dangerous situations?
4. Has your cocaine use strained your relationships with loved ones?
5. Do you use cocaine in secrecy?
6. Have you missed work because of your cocaine use?
7. Have you shown up to work high this year?
8. Have you noticed rapid mood swings or increased irritability?
9. Has someone you loved suggested you have a problem with cocaine?
10. Do you want to quit using cocaine but feel unable to stop?
If you have selected answer A to any of the questions above you could be struggling with an cocaine use disorder. You should find a healthcare professional who can provide you with a proper diagnosis and the best treatment options for your needs. Call our team today to learn how we can help.
This quiz is for informational purposes only and not to be considered a diagnosis of a substance use disorder. Please consult a mental health professional for an appointment. | <urn:uuid:1e9281ec-e2d2-4206-90b3-0a55b1f2376a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jacksonhouserehab.com/treatment/cocaine-addiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934318 | 600 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The New European Bauhaus initiative (NEB) is an environmental, social and cultural initiative to combine the aesthetic experience, sustainability, and inclusivity complimenting the European Green Deal. For this Cross-KIC NEB activity, EIT Urban Mobility will capitalise on existing citizen-centred engagement programmes aligned with the NEB mission.
This Cross-KIC NEB call will offer region, cities or affiliated entities the possibility to select one of these project solutions to drive a specific challenge in their own urban transformation. Cities and regions can benefit from existing work aiming for rapid impact within 2021. Examples of expected outcome would be higher use rates, physical facilities improvement, urban greening, more inclusive access, and active mobility take-up.
The three existing invested solutions are outlined below and further detailed in the call document and the supporting documents.
- CLEAR (City LivEAbility by Redesign) is a citizen engagement tool for co-design and planning public space. CLEAR offers real-life transition experiments in urban streets through a “Co-Design” webtool. It aims to democratise the urban design process for all citizens. Based on a real-world location/case (to be defined by cities), a co-creation platform will be digitally tested with a defined stakeholder base.
- RAPID (RApid Prototyping in 3D) uses rapid prototyping in 3D to support city decision-making. It enables citizens to understand proposed changes and interventions in their immediate built environment. It provides the possibility to explore new urban designs in response to public demand, use and behaviour patterns. RAPID uses a library of 3D city assets with regulation guidance to allow different options and interventions to understand citizen behaviours.
- FURNISH (Fast Urban Responses for New Inclusive Spaces and Habitat) works with ‘tactical urbanism’ to reconfigure public space/s connected to schools or educational centres. The aim is to expand pedestrian and leisure space, improve movement, and engage local makers and digital manufacturers via the quick and effective deployment of urban furniture.
These three solutions will be presented in a call info session and matchmaking event (11 June from 10:00 to 11:30 CET. To register click here). Following the session, cities will have the possibility to make direct contact with our partner organisations. This will allow detailed discussion of potential projects and their viability within the guidance, time frame and objectives.
KICs partners and non-partners are eligible to apply. Applications from RIS countries are positively encouraged. Applications are eligible from consortia of two legal entities formed by:
- a city in the EU Member States, or Horizon Europe Associated Countries as a lead partner.
- a partner representing solutions from CLEAR, FURNISH or RAPID.
The lead partner must provide:
- an approved public realm infrastructure project to be implemented before December 2022 to apply the solutions CLEAR or RAPID, which aim to facilitate co-design and co-creation through citizen engagement (by December 2021) and to inform decision-making processes to the implementation of the project (December 2022).
- the availability of 2 physical public spaces of around 25sqm connected to entrances or exits of schools or other educational centres available to apply FURNISH, which output would be custom-built urban furniture.
Partners representing CLEAR, FURNISH or RAPID can form part of several consortia, whilst cities can only submit one application to form one consortium.
Details of Cross KIC NEB Call:
List of supporting documents
List of documents to be submitted
Letter of Intent from regions, cities or affiliated entities
Budget allocation 90.000 EUR with a maximum of 30.000 EUR for each proposal
- 30% Overall quality of application
- 40% Expected impact of the project
- 20% Existing or planned citizen engagement activities
- 10% Resources for management/marketing
Based on ranking, the geographical spread within the European Union will also be considered.
- Call opening: 11 May 2021
- Call info session and matchmaking event: 11 June 2021 at 10:00 CET (register here)
- Closing call: 10 July 2021
- Eligibility and admissibility check: 12 – 14 July 2021
- Evaluation: 15 – 20 July 2021
- Communication of results to the participants: 21 – 22 July
- Start of project: 16 August- 1 September (latest)
- Finalise project: 31 December 2021 (latest)
Proposals should be submitted by email to: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:6506d9e4-6ddd-4b37-a583-9b191899a52e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eiturbanmobility.eu/launch-of-cross-kic-new-european-bauhaus-call-for-regions-cities-or-affiliated-entities-capitalising-on-existing-public-realm-solutions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.90325 | 971 | 1.875 | 2 |
Your heat pump is a dependable, efficient and almost a set-it-and-forget system. However, there are in all mechanical devices issues that must be addressed to ensure continued operation. Many of these will need the professional services of a trained technician, but there are some issues that can be dealt with by homeowners with heat pump troubleshooting tips, a few tools and a little patience.
Heat Pump Troubleshooting
- If the heat pump simply won’t ignite, check the circuit breaker, as well as all switches located in or on the unit. Also ensure that the thermostat is set above the current temperature.
- Not heating or cooling correctly? Make sure the registers are open and the thermostat is set correctly. Check the air filter and change it if dirt has accumulated on it.
- If the blower doesn’t work, the belt on the fan may have come loose. An HVAC professional can repair this problem and ensure there aren’t other issues that contributed to it.
Before calling your HVAC professional:
- Ensure all emergency switches are in the “on” position.
- Check all circuit breakers in the house and on the unit.
- Check for a reset button and engage it if present. If this works and a need for a second push is indicated, there’s a bigger problem.
- If there are rattling noises in the housing or any moving parts, turn the unit off and call a heating and air conditioning expert.
Contact Bryans United Air Conditioning to learn a few more helpful heat pump troubleshooting tips. Our team of HVAC professionals are proud to help Gretna area homeowners will all of their home comfort concerns.
Written by Zach Mouton | <urn:uuid:b25412a2-ffed-4aa5-87a1-706c70938de3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bryansunited.com/blog/keep-your-heat-pump-operating-smoothly-with-these-troubleshooting-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.924 | 365 | 1.632813 | 2 |
SG Got Game: Board game guru's top 3 tips to designing your own game
There are not many who can say they have made a career in designing tabletop games.
Games guru Dominic Huang, 33, has done just that.
He runs Medieval Lords and his first board game, Hitman Holiday, where players "assassinate" each other, came out in 2015.
His new card game, Queen of the Hill, was funded on Kickstarter in March and is expected to launch in October.
Mr Huang has also worked for board game giants Hasbro and Fantasy Flight Games.
He now teaches game design part-time at game design school MAGES Institute of Excellence, located in Orchard Central.
He is also working on a card game based on tennis, Sweet Spot, which will be launched on Kickstarter in August.
In an interview with The New Paper, Mr Huang shares three main tips for aspiring designers.
Anime artwork for the Pirate card in Queen of the Hill. Artwork courtesy of Mr Dominic Huang
TIP 1: HARMONISE MECHANISM AND THEME
There are two ways to start designing a game: with a good game mechanism, or a strong theme.
Good games need a harmony of both.
"Sometimes, you come across a very good game mechanism. Then you have to build a theme on it," he said.
"But if the theme fails, and the mechanism are inherently good, then you can just switch the theme out."
He cited his own Queen of the Hill.
His first Kickstarter campaign for the game failed.
He then realised that anime theme may not appeal to a mass market.
Anime artwork for the Musician card in Queen of the Hill. Artwork courtesy of Mr Dominic Huang
So for his second Kickstarter, he launched two versions of the same game concurrently: one anime and one with cute monsters.
It proved to be a success.
It can also work in reverse - by coming up with a great story before working out how the game works.
TIP 2: DON'T LET PLAYERS DIE
"Never allow player elimination," said Mr Huang, referring to the way some players can "die" and have to sit out until the game is over.
Classic games - such as Risk - may include player elimination.
When players are eliminated from the game, they may have to sit around, bored, waiting for the others to finish.
Not a good experience.
But, Mr Huang makes an exception for short games.
"As long as they aren't left out for too long," he said.
TIP 3: DON'T PUNISH YOUR PLAYERS
Games shouldn't make you feel as if you were pushed into a corner.
Or, too much "take that", as board game fans call it.
And this can be caused by having abilities that allow players to attack players of their choice.
It can lead to participants ganging up on one player with no chance for them to retaliate.
In his own game, Mr Huang has safeguards.
"Some cards attack your opponent's cards," he said.
"So we made a system to dampen its impact."
Players have to wait a turn before they are able to use attack cards.
"The hand limit of five cards helps to reduce the player's options too," added Mr Huang. | <urn:uuid:1f050f94-4819-4010-a4c7-e7a1e743ce47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore-news/sg-got-game-board-game-gurus-top-3-tips-designing-your-own-game | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97786 | 694 | 1.625 | 2 |
According to a radical and eye-opening document obtained by Breitbart, co-authors from the ACLU, the National Education Association, and the Human Rights Campaign signed their names to the document “Schools in Transition: A Guide for Supporting Transgender Students in K-12 Schools.” The transgender-celebrating guide, which is a whopping 68 pages and six chapters long, appears to be published just in time to influence teachers who are returning to the classroom for the 2022-2023 school year.
In a section on “Age and Grade Level,” the authors suggest that a “student’s age and maturity – or that of their peers – should never be a basis for denying a transgender student an opportunity to transition.”
In other words, according to the transgender-crazed adult authors, a teacher should not second-guess even the youngest child in the classroom who appears confused about male and female.
Responding to the document, Dr. Jeff Barrows of the Christian Medical and Dental Association calls it “completely inappropriate” for adults to openly declare no age is too young.
According to Barrows, who oversees bioethics and public policy at CMDA, a child who appears confused about his or her gender, a condition now known as Gender Dysphoria, often suffers from autism and from some form of childhood trauma.
“The recommendation should be to just recognize that this child is truly suffering. We don't discount that,” he says. “But they need to see a mental health professional and be screened for some of these other mental health disorders."
That medical-based advice conflicts greatly with pro-transgender movement in general and with the the 68-page guide, too. It relegates Gender Dysphoria to a footnote that calls it a “serious medical condition” recognized by the American Psychiatric Association but claims it is not a form of “mental illness.”
Instead, according to page after page in the long document, transgenderism in the classroom appears to be the latest cause célèbre for teachers who are repeatedly being caught indoctrinating impressionable children with transgender propaganda and also getting caught hiding it from disapproving parents.
When caught by a parent, or outed by Libs of TikTok, the teachers insist they are innocently helping those same children discover their true selves, when truth depends on a child's confused feelings after the teacher read a children's book about choosing your pronouns. In just one example of logic trampled by ideology, the eight-page "Gender Support Plan" (pictured at top) states that a student's "authentic gender" should be supported by the school, when in reality a confused child doesn't know what is authentic and what is not.
Elsewhere in the document, on the issue of biological males involved in female sports, the authors state that any concerns about a competitive advantage are "unfounded" and "grounded in sex stereotypes." Those students with a perceived advantage -- likely referring to stronger, faster male athletes -- have "integrated well" to the point there is no longer any concern with a competitive advantage, the guide states. If there is any basis for such a biology-denying claim, it was not given a footnote.
According to the guide, many “transgender youth” are transitioning at a young age but many others are “sitting quietly” in the classroom suffering.
“Creating an inclusive environment that is free of gender bias and welcoming of gender-expansive youth,” the guide for teacher states, “can make a positive difference in countless children’s lives.” | <urn:uuid:39783a18-becd-42c2-b2b8-7b5f486cff94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://afn.net/education/2022/07/18/how-to-guide-for-woke-teachers-a-wake-up-call-to-sleeping-parents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956132 | 756 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Unmanned automatic car washing machine deployment: No automatic washing machine full name full computer automatic car washing machine.
The automatic unmanned car washing machine is a machine that completes automatic cleaning, waxing, air drying and cleaning of the rim by computer-related programs. With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, more and more cars have entered the family, and unmanned automatic car washing machines are now more and more popular among the broad owners. The computer washing machine is divided into a non-touch automatic car washing machine and a brushless unmanned automatic washing machine. Its investment is small. Simple car wash is faster than manual car wash. | <urn:uuid:094f2dda-ee0d-4a2b-bdfb-24b76b3907ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.alejandro-gaona.com/en/ShowNews.asp?id=26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.920038 | 146 | 2.34375 | 2 |
A lyrical and thought-provoking record of the last year in the life of the Nobel Prize–winning novelist.
Thought-provoking and lyrical, The Notebook records the last year in the life of José Saramago. In these pages, beginning on the eve of the 2008 US presidential election, he evokes life in his beloved city of Lisbon, revisits conversations with friends, and meditates on his favorite authors. Precise observations and moments of arresting significance are rendered with pointillist detail, and together demonstrate an acute understanding of our times. Characteristically critical and uncompromising, Saramago dissects the financial crisis, deplores Israel’s punishment of Gaza, and reflects on the rise of Barack Obama. The Notebook is a unique journey into the personal and political world of one of the greatest writers of our time. | <urn:uuid:83fa77aa-ba7e-498c-ab83-9defa0bf7dfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://audiaturbok.no/forlag/verso/the-notebook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.894849 | 178 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Iranian Energy Minister Reza Ardakanian inaugurated 10 electricity projects worth 3.36 trillion rials ($80 million) in 10 provinces on Tuesday, in the seventh week of the ministry’s A-B-Iran program in the current Iranian calendar year (started on March 21).
The said projects were put into operation in Fars, Kerman, and Kermanshah provinces through video conference, IRIB reported.
Two solar power plants, some substations, and improvement and development of electricity network facilities were among the inaugurated projects.
The first phase of the A-B-Iran program (the acronyms A and B stand for water and electricity in Persian) was initiated in the Iranian calendar year 1398 (ended on March 19, 2020), during which 220 major projects with a total investment of 335.6 trillion rials (about $7.99 billion) were put into operation across the country.
In the second phase of the program that was carried out in the previous Iranian calendar year (ended on March 20) 250 water and energy projects worth 500 trillion rials (about $11.9 billion) were inaugurated in several provinces.
The third phase of the program was officially started in early April and like the previous phases, this year, too, the Energy Ministry is planning to inaugurate numerous water and electricity projects in various provinces every week.
Last week, Ardakanian had inaugurated the national electricity network’s new dispatching center which is using the world’s latest technologies in Energy Management System (EMS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and Wide Area Management System and Control (WAMS) systems.
The National Dispatching Center manages the entire power grid, including power plants, transmission lines, and substations throughout the country.
In the last week of the previous Iranian calendar year (which was the last week of the second phase of the A-B-Iran scheme) Ardakanian had inaugurated several new systems for improving services in the water and electricity sectors.
The mentioned systems were put into operation in various areas including resource consumption improvement, asset utilization, human resource management, financial resources management, and reforming work processes in order to create transparency and to facilitate and accelerate affairs while eliminating possible bottlenecks.
A smart system for improving the Energy Ministry’s support and emergency centers called Homa, as well as a new customer services system called Chavoush were also among the launched systems.
A mechanized network monitoring system called Sanam was also put into operation; this system is aimed at monitoring the electricity networks of various provinces in order to reduce electricity losses and improve the efficiency of the country’s power network. ■ | <urn:uuid:a093deb0-c1f7-4e94-a54c-3443b5855e50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lite.poandpo.com/news_business/iran-electricity-projects-worth-80m-put-into-operation-in-3-provinces/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963924 | 558 | 1.695313 | 2 |
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Essay about connecting with nature
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Undergraduate level: Undergraduate Subject: English Literature Type: Essay Grade: TBC, essay about connecting with nature.
Essay about communication modes or issues
And animals have been living in a close connection sharing this world. These are beautiful essays that make amazing assertions and whose arguments are, in part, exercises in self-justification. In “self reliance,” emerson argues. However, that is not the case and an individual usually experience little to no connection with nature. In martha stout’s essay, “when i woke up tuesday. The tight connection between the rational mind and intelligible. — essay on nature: an essay on nature helps the students to understand the implications of the natural world. From the various flora and fauna. We have a strong bond and emotional connection with nature. Essay on natural resources depletion. — isn’t it the reason enough to save nature? then you should continue to feed your rational mind by understanding the connection between nature. His essays have also been reprinted in the annual best american essays, best american science & nature writing, and best american spiritual writing anthologies. Human-nature relationship as described in wordsworth’s "i wandered lonely as a cloud". 1807 · truth. — the relationship between human and nature can be described in different ways; it can be beautiful, cruel or at times puzzling. 500+ words nature essay. Nature is an important and integral part of mankind. It is one of the greatest blessings for human life; however, nowadays humans. World environment day: a short essay on “connecting people to nature”. Jonathan shopley | 05 june 2017 |. Natural climate solutions ,. — my global city—london—has been a leader in urban greening initiatives for many years. Both my work and my studies have given me the conceptual. Sunsets are the only connection between daylight and moonlight, the two most natural lights that creates life on planet earth. Why it’s important that we value nature. The natural world is an incredible wonder that inspires us all. It underpins our economy, our society, indeed our very Hook : A hook is the first sentence of an introduction, essay about connecting with nature.
Argumentative essay meaning in english, essay about covid 19 body
Essay about connecting with nature. The more clearly you speak, the better chance your listener has of understanding you. You can record your voice while talking with someone or talking with yourself. The sound recorder on your mobile is for this. Record it, read each word, sentences or even a paragraph, essay about connecting with nature. Listen to it and delete it. Prompt: Further the research of one topic in Food, Inc. Your research should come from EKU databases only. Of course, you can use the free web to get more background information, but that information can not be used as an outside source. Your sources should be no older than 3 years, so anything published before 2010 is not allowed. Minimum Word Count is 500 words (the word count is for essay text alone, not the word count of the works cited page). Specifics for Essay 2: 1. An analysis is an argument in which you study the parts of something to understand how it works, what it means, or why it might be significant. As shown in the documentary, the filmmakers analyze the food industry, giving us. Words: 856 – Pages: 4. Effective writing gives you the ability to express your ideas, theories, arguments, and projects clearly. The skills you acquire at the university level through writing essays will be aimed at practical business applications that you will be able to use in the workplace, essay about connecting with nature. The following information provides a succinct overview of the elements you need to know to begin writing an essay. It will help you on your writing journey. Types of Essays Narrative A narrative essay is a story told by a narrator. Generally, a narrative discusses the personal experience of the author (the first person point of view), but it can also be written about things that happen to others (third person point of view). A narrative typically involves characters, a setting, specific and vivid details, and a series of events that can include current incidents, flashbacks, or dialogue. Cause and Effect A cause and effect essay explores why events, actions, or conditions occur (cause) and examines the results of those events, actions, or conditions (effect). For example, a cause could be purchasing a new expensive home. The effect might be fewer family vacations, more time spent on upkeep, or less time with family because of extra work hours to pay for the home. Comparison and Contrast A comparison and contrast essay shows the relationship between two or more elements. The items can be compared. Elements of Essay Writing. Essays can be written many different ways, but the traditional five-paragraph essay has essential elements that transcend all essay writing. Proper planning and organization is required when writing an essay, particularly when developing a thesis statement, which sets the focus and tone of an essay. The introduction, body paragraph and conclusion are the other primary elements of an essay. It is customary to prepare an outline before writing to give your essay structure and effective flow. The thesis is the statement of an essay that determines the primary focus. A thesis statement should be one coherent, concise sentence that clearly states the point of your essay. If you are writing a persuasive essay, the thesis statement is where you make your primary argument. A strong thesis statement is essential for an effective and cohesive essay. How to write an advanced higher english essay I am happy because he prepared an amazing term paper for me, essay about connecting with nature. Essay about connecting with nature. Nutrition Today , 37 (3), 103-109, essay about communication modes or issues.
If you want to add some more information you can use addition linking words to convey the right meaning. So here is a linking words list you can use to while adding new information. Cause and effect linking words list. In any essay, if you want to draw a rational conclusion, you need to use cause and effect words. This makes a good connection of the whole essay with a conclusion. Use these linking words in an essay to show the cause and effect relationship. Because Since For So Consequently Therefore Thus Hence Owing to As a result of Causes As a consequence of Leads to Contributes to For this reason Stems from Comes from Results from Is the result of Is the consequence of Is due to Is caused by. Linking words list to Conclude, essay about communication modes or issues. A good essay is one that is having a good conclusion. While most of the students use almost the same words to conclude their essays, here you have the chance to conclude the essay with some good words. Look at the linking words list for an excellent conclusion: To conclude In conclusion Finally Evidently To sum up On the whole Summarising In closing All in all By and large All things considered In summary In sum In brief Briefly In short In outline In the long run For the most part After all In essence On balance Overall By the large Consequently Hence So Then Therefore Thus As a result. As you can see there are 8 main types of linking word categories that can be used while writing an essay. For more understanding visit smartwords. But just using these words is not enough. You need to adjust and position them correctly or else, they will fail to tempt the readers. In the next paragraph, I will be showing how to use these words in the sentences. How to position linking or transition words in an essay. Using linking words correctly in an essay is not rocket science. You can learn it easily, all you need is the focus while writing an essay. There are three ways or I should say positions where you can fit your connecting words or linking words. The first position is: At the beginning of the sentence. You can start a sentence with a linking word that provides a reference to the previous point. Have a look at some examples to understand more clearly. One can have a lot of difficulty in writing creatively. However, creative writing is a useful skill. I am not a big fan of marvel comics. On the other hand, I like their concept. I fumble a lot while speaking. As a result, I fail to clear interviews. The second position is: In the middle of the sentence.Write a narrative essay about covid-19
Fond of arguing or disagreeing frequently. Involving or using logical arguments or persuasion:an argumentative essay. 2020 · цитируется: 1 — the participants of this study were 90 english-majored sophomores of course 13, and two teachers who teach english language at tay do university. — an argumentative essay is a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. It could be that both sides are presented. Argumentative definition, fond of or given to argument and dispute; disputatious; contentious: the law students were an unusually argumentative group. Can help dramatic irony english definition similar situation. Argumentative essay · research paper · personal statement. These tips, though by no means exhaustive, are meant to help you create a cohesive, “flowing” argumentative essay. While this handout was written with. Explain the logic of that reason, and provide examples, facts, and statistics. Look at the essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills. I have a lot of things to do such as studing, learning english and computer. 2007 · цитируется: 12 — as to the teaching of writing in english as a foreign language. Be produced by the students in their written argumentative essays after. Year 10 to select one question, answer it and discuss the reasons for their answer in an argumentative essay. Essay mean, simple short essay about friendship essay argumentative types. Your assignment is to write a short argumentative essay on one of the topics listed below. English french contextual examples of ". In essay writing, argument means a viewpoint or a claim that forms the central idea of your essay. Argumentative essays help the students express their opinion. An argumentative essay arguing for the benefits of organic foods with a focus on defining what organic really means. Watch the video below. A complete guide to writing argumentative essays and discussion texts for teachers and students. Includes essay topics, templates, tips, tutorials and. Learn how to write a good for and against essay. With step by step instructions, two sample argumentative compositions and a few exercises to work on
They can be single words, phrases and even several sentences, argumentative essay meaning in english. Here is a selection of words that help to construct a competent essay. In fact there are a lot of words and phrases that can be referred to useful words and phrases for writing an essay. The students have to choose those that will help. When you work on your analytical paper, you need proper academic language, right? Essay about north american literature Who does not have a friend in this world, essay about covid 19 body. On top of it, if one has a best friend, it is probably the best gift one can have. Clear all repeated ideas and incorporate the critical ideas that you might have missed, essay about computer system servicing. Reread your narrative report to check for any grammatical errors. IQEssay group consists of writers and editors so that we complete the assignment from A to Z, essay about computer system servicing. Do not ever doubt we can help you improve your grades and academic performance. You have witnessed your best friend cheating on an exam, essay about coronavirus. Do you let loyalty to your friend prevail and not report this, or do you abide by your sense of what is right and report the incident to your instructor? Find the support and assistance you can always count on. We offer fast and quality writing help with your writing assignments, essay about coronavirus. Define the question and analyse the task Writing down everything you know about a topic is not enough to make a good academic essay. Words: 2008 – Pages: 9, essay about conformity. Check and review the paper you get and if you have any question – let us know, we appreciate any feedback you give us. This is what I really needed, essay about communication modes or issues. He has been my best friend since my childhood days, essay about cover letter. We both come to our school together. An opinion essay requires a student to present a point of view on a chosen subject and back it up with substantial evidence. Like in a debate, the writer has to give their opinion and defend it while using scholarly resources, essay about cooperation 150 words. They will still conduct research, but they will use authoritative sources from journals, newspapers, governmental websites, and all kinds of data that will impress your professor. The fact that we have the best writers leads hundreds of British students to our website on a daily basis, essay about contemporary art brainly.Essay about connecting with nature, essay about communication modes or issues With people losing their jobs and companies cutting back on health care as a benefit, people cannot afford to go to the doctor when they need to, essay about connecting with nature. Heath care is so controversial today because the goverment has everyone scared exspecially with our economy. People with heath care are worried they might loose and then their are the people who cant afford it and struggle everyday trying to decide on buying their pills or food. Heath care is so expensive today but its such a neccesity that government shoudnt allow it to be so much. Can students delete assignments in teams — nature is good for us. There’s plenty of evidence that exposure to nature is good for people’s health, well-being and happiness – with green. — isn’t it the reason enough to save nature? then you should continue to feed your rational mind by understanding the connection between nature. -this leads to mulvey’s essay about men as the beholder and women as the subject. To truly feel a sense of inner peace and peace with the universe, human beings need to feel a connection to nature. Human beings are biological organisms that. His essays have also been reprinted in the annual best american essays, best american science & nature writing, and best american spiritual writing anthologies. — nature is the heart of earth. Nature heals us and helps build connection with our freedom, authenticity and our souls. Experienced in connection with their own or others’. 2) natural science education is valuable for numerous reason. Meanwhile there is actually a connection between combustion and air pollution. A third seeks an almost therapeutic solace in our fragile connection to what remains. As my cusp colleagues ian christie and kate oakley highlighted in their. Yet the rights of nature are intimately tied to the rights of human beings. If, instead, we recognize that nature has rights of her own,. 2008 · цитируется: 25 — practising nature and culture: an essay for ted benton. In: moog, sandra and shields, rob eds. Nature, social relations and human needs: essays in honour of. Nature books, each essay connecting the exploration of the land and the. And just as we sense a connection with the life we observe, the feeling of. The resilience of nature: reading comprehension. — historically, women have always been associated with nature. Choose a writer and we’ll deliver the highest-quality essay! order now. So, it’s important that we establish a relationship with nature and enjoy its beauty. Here is why you need to make a connection with natural surroundings a Ordered today
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Essay about connecting with nature, essay about communication modes or issues
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Put a Law or Penalty into Use
Put a law or penalty into use crossword clue. A daily mail UK puzzle question on 1 Aug 2017. 6 letters
The power which they had been the first to invoke having thus declared so emphatically and persistently against them, the Donatists revived the old world-alien Christianity of the days of persecution, and repeated Tertullian’s question, “What has the emperor to do with the church ?”
The injured husband called to his aid Roderic, the high king (airdrigh) of Connaught; and in 1166 Dermot fled before this powerful coalition to invoke the aid of England.
It was thus natural that the citizens should invoke the aid of Savoy against their bishop, Robert of the Genevois (1276-1287). | <urn:uuid:3972d646-109d-40db-b993-b60ef914bada> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://croswod.com/put-law-penalty-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955374 | 176 | 1.984375 | 2 |
In search of “non-disease”BMJ 2002; 324 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7342.883 (Published 13 April 2002) Cite this as: BMJ 2002;324:883
- Richard Smith, editor
- BMJ, BMA House, London WC1H 9JR
The BMJ recently ran a vote on bmj.com to identify the “top 10 non-diseases.”1 Some critics thought it an absurd exercise,2 but our primary aim was to illustrate the slipperiness of the notion of disease. We wanted to prompt a debate on what is and what is not a disease and draw attention to the increasing tendency to classify people's problems as diseases.
In 1979 the BMJ published a study that did something similar.3 Non-medical academics, medical academics, general practitioners, and secondary school students were invited to say whether 38 terms did or did not refer to a disease. Almost 100% thought that malaria and tuberculosis were diseases, but less than 20% thought the following to be diseases: lead poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, senility, hangover, fractured skull, heatstroke, tennis elbow, colour blindness, malnutrition, barbiturate overdose, drowning, or starvation (figure). People were split 50:50 over whether hypertension, acne vulgaris, or gall stones were diseases. The doctors were more likely to view the terms as referring to diseases. The authors of this study included Guy Scadding, who spent much of his life spelling out to doctors that no general agreement exists on how to define a disease.
The BMJ conducted a survey on the web to identify “non-diseases”—and found almost 200
The notion of “disease” is a slippery one and the concept of non-disease is therefore similarly blurred
Health is equally impossible to define
To have your condition labelled as a disease may bring considerable benefit—both material (financial) and emotional
However, the diagnosis of a disease may also create problems—you may be denied insurance, a mortgage, … | <urn:uuid:46af9b7c-7f7a-46a3-a498-a42aa5d46bd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7342/883.1.full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955257 | 447 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo have agreed to block ads for services that determine the sex of unborn children in India, adhering to an order from the country's highest court. As the BBC reports, India's health ministry told the Supreme Court on Monday that the three web companies will block 22 keywords related to prenatal sex testing. The court was hearing a case that seeks to block online content that promotes prenatal sex-selection services, which were outlawed in 1994.
India has one of the worst gender imbalances in the world, with 914 females born for every 1,000 males, according to a 2011 nationwide census. The 1994 law aimed to ban sex-determination and sex-selective abortions, but unborn girls are still secretly aborted in regions where sons are seen as preferable. A 2015 UN report found that the legislation "has had little effect" on the country's male-female ratio, noting that boys tend to receive better healthcare and education. Some families prefer boys because they are seen as more likely breadwinners, and because they will carry on the family name.
"You have to abide by the law."
In July, India's Supreme Court ordered Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo to stop displaying ads for sex discrimination kits, tools, and clinics, which Justice Dipak Misra described as a "social evil." At the time, the companies said that blocking keywords associated with such services would be technically infeasible, arguing that filters would block related content such as research papers and news articles; but the justices dismissed their argument, accusing the companies of "patently violating Indian law."
"You have to abide by the law," Justice Misra said in July. "You can't say that you are not technically equipped. If you say you are, get out of the market." The petition to block the ads was brought by Dr. Sabu George, who the BBC described in 2015 as "India's leading activist against female foeticide."
Google tells Bloomberg that it will disable auto-complete predictions for searches related to prenatal sex selection services, and that it will display warnings to inform users that such services are illegal in India. Yahoo declined to provide comment to Bloomberg, and Microsoft did not respond to the news agency's request. | <urn:uuid:f0da0b0b-879d-4574-94d9-0a8c7663abfc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theverge.com/2016/9/20/12986206/google-microsoft-yahoo-india-sex-selection-ad-block | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.967656 | 455 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The treatment of a corporate or municipal debtor’s debt depends on debtor and creditor constituencies’ negotiations and the bankruptcy plan process.
Before any discussions with respect to restructuring a bond issuance, it is imperative that all sides review and understand the underlying debt documents and collateral and understand any rights and remedies permitted under state law. If all parties are willing to agree, an out-of-court restructuring may be the first course of action. Parties should consider whether a court should sanction the settlement. If an out-of-court restructuring fails or is unavailable, bondholders could pursue state law remedies which would depend on the laws of the particular state in which the default occurred. This video reviews state law remedies and federal securities law, and provides an overview of the Chapter 9 process.
Laura E. Appleby
Chapman and Cutler LLP
- Partner in Chapman and Cutler LLP's Bankruptcy and Restructuring Group
- Represents financial institutions, bondholders, hedge funds, and other creditors in complex bankruptcy proceedings, out-of-court restructurings, and distressed transactions involving not-for-profit entities as well as municipalities
- Provides advice in connection with potential bankruptcy implications in municipal bond offerings
- Regularly counsels clients with respect to issues surrounding municipal distress and insolvency, including relating to cities, states and U.S. territories, as well as health care and other special municipal districts; her experience includes the representation of creditors in high-profile Chapter 9 matters
- Presents on various bankruptcy topics, including with respect to municipal restructuring; co-wrote the book Municipalities in Distress? How States and Investors Deal with Local Government Financial Emergencies, for which the second edition was released in 2016
- Prior to attending law school, she was a legislative assistant to a U.S. Senator, and advised on issues including agriculture policy and energy policy
- J.D. degree, University of Michigan Law School; B.S. degree, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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03 Aug For your initial post, please select one part of your essay that you are currently working on that you think needs to be revi
Unit 7 DB: Your Revision Process (ENG110 College Writing)
Revision is an important part of the writing process. Once you have a draft of your essay, you can then begin editing and revising. When you revise, you might add more details, remove unnecessary words, or fix the run-on sentences. These are just a few examples of how you can revise your work.
Initial Response: For your initial post, please select one part of your essay that you are currently working on that you think needs to be revised. Share 3–5 sentences from that part of your essay in this discussion. Your classmates will offer suggestions on how to revise this selection.Please consider the below bullet points when you create your initial post:
- Why did you pick this part of your essay to revise?
- What did you like about the selection you are sharing?
- Finally, ask one question about the revision of this part of your essay that you would like the class and your instructor to answer.
Unit 7 DB: Employee Stakeholders’ Rights in the Workplace (BUS340 Business Ethics)
Select an employee right in the workplace from Chapter 7. (RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS)
Give an example, based on your own outside reading or experience, of a situation involving this right. Was it violated? How? What was the outcome? What should the outcome have been? Why?
Unit 7 DB: Pollutants (ENV110 Exploring Environmental Issues)
Unit 7 DB: PollutantsMany people often confuse the hole in the Ozone layer with the Green House Effect. Explain the difference between the two and how different pollutants are involved. Discuss your personal experiences with pollutants and how you could make modifications to your lifestyle in order to reduce emissions.
Unit 7 DB: Media Literacy in Everyday Life (COM107 Intro to Communication)
Define media literacy and why it is an important skill to hold today. Discuss the impact of media on your personal, professional, and social life. Is media a burden or blessing?
Choose a psychological disorder from the DSM-V. (OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER)
- Summarize the symptoms of the disorder.
- What type of therapy do you believe would be the most successful in treating this type of disorder? Support your opinion with research evidence.
- Locate a current events or recent journal article on the disorder and share the key points (findings) with your classmates.
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline. | <urn:uuid:7fe9be51-86d0-4b1e-947e-b9d097e230f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://keenwriting.com/for-your-initial-post-please-select-one-part-of-your-essay-that-you-are-currently-working-on-that-you-think-needs-to-be-revi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932697 | 650 | 3.03125 | 3 |
TADA Fully Supports AYES
Automotive Youth Educational Systems, or AYES, consists of
Business and Education partnerships between both automotive dealers and
aftermarket service employers and high school automotive technology schools.
As part of the ASE Industry Education Alliance, AYES is
supported by contributions from over 30 corporations and automotive service
industry associates, including ten vehicle OE manufacturers. In addition, many
state and local industry associations, including state and metro dealers
associations provide promotional and in-kind support. Close to 400
NATEF-accredited high schools automotive technology programs throughout the
nation will produce 3,000 or more AYES Students during the 2017-18 school year.
For more information on the AYES program, contact Chuck Price.
The goals of AYES are:
• To develop career-ready, entry-level
automotive technicians and service personnel.
• To give high school automotive technology
students the opportunity and guidance to explore rewarding automotive careers.
• To provide the tools and support to develop
and practice the skills needed to succeed in the industry.
High school students are invited to pursue AYES
Student qualification. In addition to taking the academic courses toward their
high school degrees, they'll take challenging classroom/laboratory courses in
basic automotive technology, collision repair & refinishing, or diesel
The goal of the AYES model is a 320-hour
internship opportunity, which can take place during the summer between the
junior and senior year.
During this internship, students work alongside
a trained and qualified mentor - usually an ASE-certified Master Technician -
to help prepare them for entry-level career positions or advanced studies in
AYES Students are enrolled in NATEF-accredited
automotive service and collision repair programs and participate in SkillsUSA.
Employer partners promote automotive careers at
the local level. They are also asked to get involved with their school's
Advisory Committee, sponsor one or more students for paid internships, and
often assist AYES Students acquire needed tools.
AYES is designed with continuing professional
development in mind. Many participating employers continue to sponsor AYES
Graduates’ attendance at college-level programs including those supported by
vehicle manufacturers, such as GM ASEP, Toyota T-TEN, Honda PACT, MOPAR CAP, BMW STEP or a certificate program offered by Mercedes-Benz.
AYES has active affiliations in almost
every state and hundreds of NATEF-accredited programs nationwide. | <urn:uuid:30bdf9c8-3406-4461-853a-7a2995cb13d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tada.org/Online/Community/AYES/Online/Community/AYES.aspx?hkey=ac2df921-1daa-4f87-b3ca-7723a726ab78 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.928312 | 540 | 2.015625 | 2 |
April 29, 2014
Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, the bishop responsible for the Russian Orthodox Church’s External Relations Department, spoke extensively about the crisis of anti-Christian religious cleansing in the Middle East in a recent interview. Christian Solidarity International urges American church leaders to speak with such courage and knowledge about the persecution of Christians in that turbulent region. Excerpts from the interview are below. Read the full text at https://mospat.ru/en/2014/04/29/news101927/.
Genocide in the Middle East:
At present in the Middle East there are unprecedented persecutions of Christians. The rapid spread of terrorism and extremism on religious grounds has led to a real genocide to which Christian communities in some countries are subjected. We regularly receive reports about a Christian church being defiled or destroyed, a priest being kidnapped, a Christian beheaded, a mass grave of murdered Christians found, Christian families driven away from their homes or put under tribute, a Christian quarter shelled. Extremists have as their aim to banish Christians from their homes by terror or physical elimination. Many Christians in the Middle East fearing such fate have to escape to other countries.
The Syria Crisis:
[In Syria,] various armed bands are at work, systematically eliminating Christians and people of other religious communities.
According to the available data, over one thousand Christians have been killed and about one hundred Christian churches and monasteries have been damaged. Over 600,000 Christians have had to leave their homes, most of them fleeing to other countries. Quite recently, in March 2014, a group of radicals attacked the town of Kesab in northern Syria, populated by Armenians. Almost all the population had to flee because they remained without sustenance. In late March in Damascus, the Jeramana Christian quarter was shelled again; in Aleppo, a mortar shell hit an Armenian church. We are very much concerned for the future of the Valley of Christians – a region in Syria to which Christians from Homs and other cities occupied by militants have had to move. Recently there have been attempts by militants to attack them. For the time being, the attacks have been repulsed.
In Iraq, for the last ten years the number of Christians has decreased tenfold. While they were about a million and a half before, now fewer than 150 thousand have remained and they live mostly in the part controlled by the Kurds.
…the adherents of Islamic radical parties continue committing attacks. Quite recently, a young woman from among the Coptic Christians, Mary Sameh, was brutally killed during an attack on a church in Cairo.
In Pakistan, there is a strict law on “blasphemy” in force. This law is often abused to settle personal accounts with Christians notwithstanding the fact that this law provides for death penalty. Besides, there are regular pogroms against Christian quarters and attacks on Christians. On September 22, 2013, in Peshawar, a monstrous act of terror was committed with the death toll of 81 and 145 people injured. A day later, a crowd of radical Muslims sacked a Christian quarter in Lahore.
A sorrowful situation has developed after 2011 in Libya. A great part of its small Christian community as it is has had to flee the country. Those who have remained, mostly Egyptian Copts, are subjected to regular attacks, often with lethal end.
In Nigeria, a considerable number of Christians are perishing at the hands of extremists. The radical group called “Boko Haram” as well as nomadic Muslim tribes make regular attacks on Christian villages, mercilessly killing those they meet on their way. Hardly a week passes without a new report coming to us about the murder of tens and even hundreds of Christians in the country. According to the official statistics alone, 1,200 Christians were killed in 2013 in Nigeria.
In Somalia, the radical Islamic group called “Ash-Shabaab” has declared an open war on Christians. Recently in the city of Barawa, the militants of this group beheaded two Christians under the very eyes of their children. This case is far from being the only one in the chain of similar ones. Ash-Shabaab radicals stand behind many anti-Christian acts of terror in neighbouring countries. Islamists are going to get rid of Christians fully and to do it they are ready as much as to commit any crime, as they have openly stated.
The Role of the West:
I would like to notice that the events of the so-call Arab Spring are developing according to the same scenario. In Libya and Egypt and Iraq there were “authoritarian regimes,” as they were categorically assessed in the West. The USA and a number of European countries did all possible to make these governments fall, accounting for it by a desire to build democratic societies after the Western fashion, though every time the change of power was made through force and revolution with no account taken of the historical and religious traditions [or] the relations between local communities. This resulted in the aggravation of internal controversies encouraging extremists and terrorists to flock to these countries from other regions of the world.
I have said on several occasions that Western countries, which have helped Christians in the region for centuries, now have denied them support and almost officially recommended them to leave the region and settle in other countries. Russia has remained the only defender of the Christian presence in the region. Many Christians remaining in “hotbeds” have set their hopes on it.
Blood has been shed for over three years now in Syria. … The actions and statements made by a number of representatives of Western powers contribute not to the healing of wounds inflicted on the country by the armed confrontation but rather to further polarization of the society.
Civilians still perish today as before, churches are destroyed, millions of Syrians wander in search for a refuge. And all this happens not because peace talks were fully fruitless but because the financial and military support for terrorist forces continue coming from outside. I believe it is necessary to continue insisting on an unconditional refusal to support the fundamentalists.
Responding to the Crisis
In my view, to resolve the problem of persecution and discrimination against Christians it is necessary to activate, first, political leverage. In the countries in which religious minorities are persecuted, a clear mechanism of their protection from discrimination and persecution should begin working under control by the world community. The most developed powers should give political or economic support to the authorities in these countries only if they give firm guarantees that their religious minorities will be protected.
Secondly, it is very important that religious leaders should educate their flock for tolerance towards people of other faiths.
We seek to give our persecuted brothers in faith all-round aid. Thus, last summer, with a blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, all parishes in Russia raised and sent over 1.3 million US dollars to the Orthodox Church of Antioch. The Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society, with a blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, is engaged in collecting and sending humanitarian cargos to be distributed in Syria both to Christians and Muslims. As many as nine humanitarian aid shipments were already sent to Damascus, with a tenth one underway.
I hope that an increasing number of Christian churches and traditional religious communities will be involved in this important mission. It is only together that we can save our brothers and sisters from violence in the old blessed lands where the very term “Christian” originated.
– See more at: http://csi-usa.org/hilarion.html#sthash.vwup0jLm.dpuf | <urn:uuid:24ed86e9-0076-493c-bfe4-804017b5675c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://csi-usa.org/hilarion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.966141 | 1,583 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Our school provides quality education that supports parents in their role as the prime educators of their children. Parents are invited to be actively involved in assisting in classroom activities and all aspects of school community life from Kindergarten through to Grade 6.
We welcome parents to be actively involved in assisting in classroom activities and engaging in the School Community. Stella Maris acknowledges the connection between home and school, and supports parents who are prime educators of their children. At present we are following Covid 19 guidelines and protocols and ask that you contact the School Office for further information in relation to volunteering.
School Community - Our Parents & Friends
The Parents and Friends Association meets regularly on the second Tuesday of the month during school terms in the staff room, starting at 7:30pm. All parents, guardians, and care-givers are most welcome to attend these meetings.
Aims of the Association
The Association exists to:
- form a link between the parents and friends of the school and the school staff;
- provide a forum to discuss matters of interest and concern;
- foster the welfare and progress of the school and the students thereof;
- provide opportunities for social gatherings;
- raise funds.
The Stella Maris P & F provides support for the school community in areas such as social gatherings, which build community spirit. The Association aims to balance the activities for the year to ensure the best possible outcomes for all.
It is important to remember that this is YOUR school; its success will depend on the level of commitment and involvement that you are prepared to contribute.
Membership of the Stella Maris Parent and Friend Association is open to any parent, guardian, caregiver or friend of a student attending Stella Maris School.
Working with Vulnerable People
New laws designed to reduce the likelihood of harm and create safer environments for all children and vulnerable people have been enacted in Tasmania. The Registration to Work with Vulnerable People Act 2013 (the Act) makes it compulsory for many people who associate with children and other vulnerable people to be registered to Work with Vulnerable People. To comply with the Act, Catholic Education in Tasmania (CET) requires School Support employees, volunteers and external providers to be registered to Work with Vulnerable People.
For further information about registration and the application process, please visit the Catholic Education Tasmania website. | <urn:uuid:cc1e752d-360b-491f-8d59-f0f8c0b68552> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stellamaris.tas.edu.au/our-parents-friends | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947738 | 478 | 1.515625 | 2 |
(Other names: Jarasandha, Jaraasandh)
Kans had two wives namely Asti and Prapti. The father of these queens was King of Magadh Jarasandh. When Kans was executed by Krishna, Jarasandh was very angry.
He was dazzled and vowed not to keep any Yaduvanshi (member of Yadava family) alive on this earth and started preparing for the war.
He attacked Mathura with twenty three armies loaded with weapons and encircled it.
Krishna saw this and started thinking.” This king of Magadh is a medium of reducing the burden on earth. I will defeat him on and off. If he is alive, he will get a new army of demons every time.
This way I can catch hold of the demons easily and when the demons are killed, the good people will be protected and the burden of sins on the earth will be reduced.”
It is said that a giantess named Jara had joined a baby born into two different parts and created Jarasandh.
He had got a boon that only that person will be able to kill him who can make two pieces of his body and throw them in two opposite directions.
Krishna knew this, that is why he defeated him on and off but did not kill him.
Jarasandh was a warrior with great valour but was very egoistic. Due to his ego, he used to get an army of demons every now and then and Krishna and Balram used to kill them and leave only Jarasandh alive.
This way he was defeated seventeen times and each time returned to Magadh. During this time Krishna built the city of Dwarka.Jarasandh then attacked the eighteenth time.
Lord Krishna thought that if he will fight from Mathura then the people of Mathura will have a problem.
So as soon as Jarasandh came to attack, Krishna and Balram ran away in front of him. Jarasandh thought the best way was to follow them.
Krishna and Balram reached Pravarsan Mountain and hid there. Jarasandh set the mountain on fire from all four sides so that both of them will get burnt and die.
He did not know about Krishna’s Super-human power. Krishna and Balram both reached the city of Dwarka.
After few years when Yudhishthir organised the Raj Surya yagya (sacrifice), then Yudhishthir said that all the kings will actively take part in the yagya but Magadh King Jarasandh will not accept to be a part of it. Krishna, Bhima and Arjun reached Magadh. Disguised as Brahmin they entered Jarasandh’s palace by window.
They wanted to meet him. Jarasandh was busy with his daily worship of Lord Shiva and sent the word that he would see them after his worship around mid-night and asked the attendant to offer all hospitalities to the Brahmins.
When Jarasandh came he found that Krishna, Bhim and Arjun had not availed of his hospitality and they had entered the palace through a window. He was intrigued and wanted to know the reason for such Non-Brahmin like conduct Krishna told him about their mission.
When Jarasandh got a respite from his laughing spell he said, “you have run away from the battle-field eighteen times, how can I fight you? Arjun is a mere child. Bhim looks to be well built youth.
He is fit to fight with me.” A great duel between Bhima and Jarasandh lasting for over fourteen days took place.
Bhim had heard that Jarasandh never losses in fight but that day he actually saw that. Once, he broke Jarasandh’s leg and threw it off but because of the boon, it joined again then Krishna picked up a straw of grass, dissected it in two parts and threw them in opposite directions. Bhima understood and did the same with Jarasandh and he died. | <urn:uuid:8e9dc7f8-237f-4488-97b7-7a69f36ab6ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.sagarworld.com/itihaas/shri-krishna/jarasandh-father-in-law-of-kans-king-of-magadh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.987047 | 872 | 2.734375 | 3 |
- Regulatory Status
- Other Names
- Interleukin 5
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
IL-5 is a homodimeric glycoprotein that was initially identified by its ability to support the in vitro growth and differentiation of mouse B cells and eosinophils. IL-5 induces eosinophil progenitor cell proliferation, terminal differentiation, and activation. In animal models of allergic diseases or helminth infection, IL-5 induces a massive proliferation of eosinophil progenitors in the bone marrow, promotes eosinophil recruitment with eotaxins, and prolongs eosinophil survival in local tissues. IL-5 regulates genes involved in the B cell terminal differentiation. IL-5 induces CD38-activated splenic B cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin M-secreting cells and go through m to g1 class switch recombination at the DNA level, resulting in immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) production. IL-5 binds the IL-5R complex, which consists of an IL-5Rα chain specific for IL-5 and a common β-chain that is shared by the receptors for IL-3 and GM-CSF. The alpha subunit is required for ligand-specific binding whereas association with the beta subunit results in increased binding affinity. IL-5 plays important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma, hypereosinophilic syndromes, and eosinophil-dependent inflammatory disease.Product Details
- Mouse IL-5, amino acids Met21-Gly133 (NM_010558.1), was expressed in insect cells.
- Molecular Mass
- The 113 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 13.1 kD. The DTT-reduced protein migrates between 13 to 20 kD and the non-reduced protein at approximately 40 kD by SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid is Met.
- >98%, as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.
- 0.22 µm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.2.
- Endotoxin Level
- Less than 0.01 ng per µg cytokine as determined by the LAL method.
- 10 and 25 µg sizes are bottled at 200 µg/mL. 100 µg size and larger sizes are lot-specific and bottled at the concentration indicated on the vial. To obtain lot-specific concentration, please enter the lot number in our Concentration and Expiration Lookup or Certificate of Analysis online tools.
- Storage & Handling
- Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to 2 weeks, at -20°C for up to six months, or at -70°C or colder until the expiration date. For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or colder. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 µg/mL in appropriate sterile buffer, carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1% BSA or HSA can be added when preparing the stock solution. Aliquots can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for up to one week and stored at -20°C or colder for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
- Bioactivity was measured by its property to stimulate the proliferation of BCL1 cells in a dose dependent manner. ED50 = 0.03 - 0.15 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.66 - 3.3 x 107 units/mg.
- Application Notes
BioLegend carrier-free recombinant proteins provided in liquid format are shipped on blue-ice. Our comparison testing data indicates that when handled and stored as recommended, the liquid format has equal or better stability and shelf-life compared to commercially available lyophilized proteins after reconstitution. Our liquid proteins are verified in-house to maintain activity after shipping on blue ice and are backed by our 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you have any concerns, contact us at email@example.com.
- Product Citations
- Homodimeric cytokine
Activated Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. In addition, newly identified IL-5 producing cells are: natural helper cells or nuocytes (lately identified as type II innate lymphoid cells), MPPtype2, and Ih2 cells.
- IL-5 regulates the production of eosinophils from purified hematopoieitic progenitors and regulates genes involved in the B cell terminal differentiation. IL-25 and IL-33 induce Th2 cytokines, among them IL-5.
- Eosinophils, B cells, basophils, and activated T cells.
- Heterodimer IL-5Rα (CD125); β-subunit (CDw131) in common with IL-3R, GM-CSFR
- Cell Type
- Embryonic Stem Cells, Hematopoietic stem and progenitors
- Biology Area
- Cell Biology, Immunology, Signal Transduction, Stem Cells
- Molecular Family
- Antigen References
1. Lopez AF, et al. 1988. J. Exp. Med. 167:219.
2. Horikawa K and Takatsu K, 2006. Immunology 118:497.
3. Moro, K, et al. 2010. Nature 463:540.
4. Neill, DR, et al. 2010. Nature 464:1367.
5. Saenz SA, et al. 2010. Nature 464:1362.
6. Ikutai M, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 188:703.
7. Yazuda K, et al. 2012. P. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 109:3451.
- Gene ID
- 16191 View all products for this Gene ID
- View information about IL-5 on UniProt.org
- Why choose BioLegend recombinant proteins?
• Each lot of product is quality-tested for bioactivity as indicated on the data sheet.
• Greater than 95% Purity or higher, tested on every lot of product.
• 100% Satisfaction Guarantee for quality performance, stability, and consistency.
• Ready-to-use liquid format saves time and reduces challenges associated with reconstitution.
• Bulk and customization available. Contact us.
• Learn more about our Recombinant Proteins.
- How does the activity of your recombinant proteins compare to competitors?
We quality control each and every lot of recombinant protein. Not only do we check its bioactivity, but we also compare it against other commercially available recombinant proteins. We make sure each recombinant protein’s activity is at least as good as or better than the competition’s. In order to provide you with the best possible product, we ensure that our testing process is rigorous and thorough. If you’re curious and eager to make the switch to BioLegend recombinants, contact your sales representative today!
- What is the specific activity or ED50 of my recombinant protein?
The specific activity range of the protein is indicated on the product datasheets. Because the exact activity values on a per unit basis can largely fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including the nature of the assay, cell density, age of cells/passage number, culture media used, and end user technique, the specific activity is best defined as a range and we guarantee the specific activity of all our lots will be within the range indicated on the datasheet. Please note this only applies to recombinants labeled for use in bioassays. ELISA standard recombinant proteins are not recommended for bioassay usage as they are not tested for these applications.
- Have your recombinants been tested for stability?
Our testing shows that the recombinant proteins are able to withstand room temperature for a week without losing activity. In addition the recombinant proteins were also found to withstand four cycles of freeze and thaw without losing activity.
- Does specific activity of a recombinant protein vary between lots?
Specific activity will vary for each lot and for the type of experiment that is done to validate it, but all passed lots will have activity within the established ED50 range for the product and we guarantee that our products will have lot-to-lot consistency. Please conduct an experiment-specific validation to find the optimal ED50 for your system.
- How do you convert activity as an ED50 in ng/ml to a specific activity in Units/mg?
- Use formula Specific activity (Units/mg) = 10e6/ ED50 (ng/mL) | <urn:uuid:5ec0b6da-72f4-48b8-85f2-7db8b380c652> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biolegend.com/fr-ch/products/recombinant-mouse-il-5-carrier-free-7802 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.886297 | 1,962 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Jewish Studies — A Talmid’s Testimonial
I’d like to tell you a story, dear reader. It’s a story of sincerity, a perhaps naïve optimism and my personal religious growth at Yeshiva University.
A deeply cynical author once wrote that a cynic “knows the price of everything, but the value of nothing.” Errors and criticisms are unfortunately always easier and, in a sense, safer, to point out than something’s intrinsic importance. The Commentator’s recent editorial, which was assented to unanimously by their editorial board, forcefully and cogently criticized the administration’s recent decisions regarding the restructuring of YU’s Jewish Studies.
I was surprised to find in the piece, however, not a single direct argument for the value of these classes. Instead, the editorial simply assumed their worth and just focused on policy critiques and historical comparisons, which, granted, certainly have their place in this discussion.
In this article, I come to offer something different. It is more vulnerable and personal, but I think that it actually bears immense relevance to any discussion about the role of Jewish Studies courses in a YU student’s religious and academic education, namely, my individual, and admittedly anecdotal, experience. My story, optimistically, should mirror those of many of my fellow students. I believe it, in fact, does. So, here are some specific, concrete examples of how YU’s Jewish Studies classes have been deeply valuable to my own religious development.
Biblical Hebrew (Rabbi Jeremy Wieder)
Before this class, Tanach was a sealed book to me. Graduating at the age of 17, the New York yeshiva day school system left me unable to precisely read and translate a moderately difficult pasuk. I'm not here to comment on curricular or communal failures — I'm simply stating my own situation. My Hebrew certainly developed a lot over my time in Israel: I studied at Har Etzion (Gush), a hesder yeshiva. Still, I never reached a state of comfortability with, let alone mastery over, the intricate language of Tanach.
This class changed everything for me. It was taught by Rabbi Wieder, who in addition to being a RIETS rosh yeshiva, is also an expert linguist and grammarian. He spent two semesters building our foundational Hebrew language skills, our grammatical sensitivities, and our toolbox of textual approaches.
I exited that class with a different relationship to Torah she-b’chtav. I felt like I could study any pasuk, in a precise, sophisticated, and ultimately more meaningful manner. I could raise grammatical questions, notice textual ambiguities and converse with the great commentators of our tradition who, to put it bluntly, had a far greater sensitivity to the Divine Word than I ever could have understood prior.
Biblical poetry, especially that of Tehillim, had never spoken to me. The “sweet singer of Israel’s” poems were always framed in a clear hierarchy: which do I skip if I come late to shul?
Our class spent dozens of hours combing meticulously through the chapters of p’sukei d'zimrah, word by word, verse by verse. For my efforts, my davening became richer, much more contemplative, and, in short, the songs finally sung for me.
Medieval Jewish History (Dr. Chaviva Levin)
This whirlwind tour of Jewish history from 500 - 1500 CE through Babylon, Israel, Spain, France, Ashkenaz, and Egypt blew me away. Although not as overtly "religious" as a Tanach class, I found that Dr. Levin’s course deeply enriched my Jewish identity and perspective. Specifically, this class encouraged reflection on my life as an Orthodox Jew in 2021 with its (presumably) uniquely modern challenges, and yet also as a part of a Torah tradition, stretching for millenia, to which “there is nothing new under the sun.”
A few features of the course especially stood out to me. First, we focused on primary sources (partially) drawn from writings and responsa of geonim and rishonim. Second, we balanced the discussion of broader historical trends with specific deep dives into the personalities of momentous figures of these times, such as Saadya Gaon, Rambam and Yehuda HaLevi. And last, Dr. Levin made a conscious effort to emphasize the communities and eras in which Jews actually flourished, subverting the pessimistic historical view of the exilic Jew as eternally persecuted. This class gave me a richer context and a sharper sense of proportion for framing our own community's triumphs and trials.
Malbim and Modernity (Rabbi Dov Lerner)
Before this class, I saw Malbim as just another verbose, highly technical and extremely thorough commentator. I left this class with a profound appreciation for how a deeply traditional thinker can find new answers to modern questions from the ancient words of Tanach.
Through a masterful summary of Enlightenment intellectual thought and its critical challenges to Orthodox Jewry, Rabbi Lerner set the stage. That era’s Jewish thinkers’ writings, especially Malbim's, became much clearer once I understood what dire problems they were trying to solve. This intellectual contextualization, however, did not cheapen or reduce their thought to mere reactions. Rather, it reflected the extent of a true leader's incredible sensitivity to their community's religious needs, and their extreme, creative efforts to serve them.
Honestly, this class got me totally hooked on Malbim. I admit it. I suspect I may even end up writing my Honor’s thesis on Malbim's commentary to Shir ha-Shirim: he has profound, and incredibly relevant insights into Judaism's "holiest of holies." I have found it moving how Malbim explains not just what it means to love God, but also how to even authentically speak about loving God.
How did we get here? A quick recap: YU announced a major restructuring of much of its Jewish Studies. Then, the Commentator wrote an editorial entitled, “President Berman, What Happened to Being the ‘World’s Premier Jewish Educational Institution’?”, criticizing the administration for this decision. Now, I wrote this article illustrating how valuable my Jewish studies classes have been to me, on both a personal and religious level. Why am I sharing this all with you?
Listen — every Jewish organization must work constantly to solve the age-old question of the Gemara: Kesef minalan? Pragmatic sacrifices are an unfortunate, but frequently necessary part of running any operation as complex as YU. This is part of the reason why I am not interested in commanding administrators to rebalance their priorities. I was not privy to all the balance sheets and financial pressures that led to YU’s Jewish Studies’ recent adjustments, and so I abstain from judgment.
I share these stories, instead, for my fellow students. There are profound religious opportunities in YU’s Jewish Studies Department that I sincerely believe many more students should capitalize on. I’ve shared just a few of the more obvious intellectual and emotional spiritual impacts these courses have had on my life. There are other, subtler, perhaps even ineffable, gains to be had as well from a sophisticated yet reverent encounter with Tanach, Jewish history, and Jewish thought.
I would be delighted for more students to experience the meaningful courses in, and to share in my (now rather public) enthusiasm for, YU’s Jewish Studies. I firmly believe that by cultivating a culture of positivity, by appreciating the astounding, once-in-a-lifetime resources available and consequently, to quote Rabbi Shalom Carmy, “growing as thinking religious people,” we could elevate both ourselves and Yeshiva University to new heights.
Do you have any thoughts or comments? I'd love to hear them: please reach me at email@example.com
Photo Caption: Yeshiva University’s logo
Photo Credit: Yeshiva University | <urn:uuid:40b691df-2384-44c0-bc45-2d08bb94d618> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yucommentator.org/2021/05/jewish-studies-a-talmids-testimonial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.957352 | 1,727 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Discrimination and Human Rights
People with albinism (“PWA”) may at various points in their lives experience discrimination. It’s therefore important for PWA and their supporters to have an understanding of the options available to deal with discrimination.
Numerous laws and agencies exist throughout Australia to combat discrimination and other human rights abuses. In the Members’ section of this website, you will find some basic information about those laws and agencies. This includes basic information about:
- Federal anti-discrimination laws. The Australian Human Rights Commission assists with complaints of discrimination on the grounds of disability, under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth). You can also see their webpage at humanrights.gov.au;
- Anti-discrimination laws and agencies that exist in each Australian state or territory. This includes the Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission (see humanrightscommission.vic.gov.au); New South Wales Anti-Discrimination Board (see https://www.antidiscrimination.justice.nsw.gov.au); South Australian Equal Opportunity Commission (see https://eoc.sa.gov.au); Queensland Anti-Discrimination Commission (see https://www.adcq.qld.gov.au); Western Australian Equal Opportunity Commission (see https://www.eoc.wa.gov.au); Tasmanian Anti-Discrimination Commission (see https://www.antidiscrimination.tas.gov.au) and Australian Capital Territory Human Rights Commission (see https://hrc.act.gov.au) and Northern Territory Anti-Discrimination Commission (see https://www.adc.nt.gov.au);
- International human rights laws as they relate to people with albinism, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
We also have some information about where you can access legal advice and assistance if you – or a PWA you know – is concerned about discrimination.
Join the AFA for access to information about discrimination and human rights issues in the members’ section of our website! | <urn:uuid:5bc92af5-b1c3-4106-b63a-36fe34bb0df5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://albinismaustralia.org/human-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.895947 | 430 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Kindergarten Reading Books. In kindergarten, kids are piecing together all the words and letters they can decode in order to build stronger reading fluency. Use these kindergarten reading resources to get started today!
HARCOURT Leveled Readers can be used to complement core programs or as the main materials in daily instruction. Kids will learn double syllable word water , new sound ll as in well , complex phonic decoding well, fell – share a commonsound of ell. ABCmouse's kindergarten curriculum has been created to help you ensure that your child will be successful in reading Reading: Alphabet, Basic Phonics, Words, Word Families, and Sight Words.
There are a variety of themes to choose from — the majority of the books target younger readers (preschool, kindergarten.
Wilbooks is committed to providing your kindergarten, first grade, and second grade students with the highest quality children's books at the Kindergarten Online Books.
In kindergarten, kids are piecing together all the words and letters they can decode in order to build stronger reading fluency. Unfollow kindergarten reading books to stop getting updates on your eBay Feed. All the early readers are all grouped together and kids can spend a long time opening up each cover to decipher the reading level! | <urn:uuid:9a6e2637-3295-4b6a-ab91-ea7f5f2df394> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kindergarten.myify.net/165-kindergarten-reading-books/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.911341 | 256 | 3.421875 | 3 |
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Oct 31, 2015
Practice Test 1
9780511996696_test1.indd 1 5/17/12 9:55 AM
Paper 1 Reading 2
Paper 2 Writing 8
Paper 3 Use of English 10
Paper 4 Listening 16
Paper 5 Speaking 21
Answer key and recording script 22
Speaking test Examiners script 32
Visual materials for Speaking test 34
Sample answers sheets 38
9780511996696_test1.indd 1 5/17/12 9:55 AM
2 Compact First: Practice Test 1 - This page may be photocopied Cambridge University Press 2012
Swimming with dolphinsJonathan Lorie reports
As darkness fell on the olive trees, I had nothing particular to do, so I sat on my own in my tree house and listened to the Pacific waves roll in, without a care in the world. My muscles ached slightly from swimming with 400 dolphins beyond that surf, but I was looking forward to dinner in a nearby restaurant, then an evening in my room. My iPod was playing jazz but I was listening to the sounds of deer calling to one another outside. Was this, I wondered, the worlds finest place to get close to the wild?
I was in the small town of Kaikoura, in New Zealand. Its the best place in the world for swimming with dolphins, explained Kate Baxter, the receptionist who welcomed me to Hapuku Lodge. She showed me up the slightly loose stairs to my tree house. And seeing whales, she added. But mind you read the weather forecast at breakfast. She smiled. If the seas rough, you might need a Kaikoura Cracker. Its the only seasickness pill that works.
Kaikoura has two great claims to fame. One is Hapuku Lodge the luxury tree houses between the mountains and the sea. Its restaurant serves superb food and its management is keen to be green in every respect. It has been called the worlds most romantic location for a honeymoon. The other lies just off the coast. Below those huge waves is the Kaikoura trench a Grand Canyon of the ocean, 60 kilometres long and 1,200 metres deep, whose rich food chain attracts 14 species of dolphin and whale. Nowhere else in the world has such deep water a kilometre from shore.
Next morning, Im ready for the sea. Following instructions, I search the breakfast room for that weather forecast. Its a handwritten note that says: Rough seas warning. Should I be worried by this, and go easy on the early-morning eating? But I dont need much persuading by Stefan, the smartly-dressed waiter, to try the Lodges full breakfast dish of the day: fried duck and potatoes with egg. It is wonderful.
Unlike my stomach when I hit the water an hour later, determined to catch the best experience this coastline has to offer: a swim among dolphins. Theyre everywhere. Our speedboat is surrounded by hundreds jumping, diving and splashing in circles around us in a display of playfulness and trust. I sit there dressed in rubber, madly adjusting my mask. You have too many smile lines, warns the instructor from Dolphin Encounter. Theyll let the water in. Then I jump into the white water behind the boat.
Theres a shock of cold water and the sensation of being in the middle of the ocean, even though were within sight of the mountains, not half a mile from shore. But out here the open water stretches all the way to Antarctica, and wide-winged, ocean-going birds fly just above the waves. It rises and falls like a vast creature breathing, the boat appearing and disappearing with each wave. Luckily, I have taken a Cracker.
Then I look down. Below me, far into the depths, are the shadow-like figures of dark dolphins. They move quickly through soft green light. I float face down, looking into their world. We make three dives like this the maximum the instructor allows. We dont want to disturb them, he says. But it is enough. On the third, a single dolphin of my own length appears beside me. It stays close. I see its head turning towards me, looking into my face, and then I hear its voice. Nothing had prepared me for this.
The next day I am out at sea once more, this time in search of whales. Whales rarely come so close to shore. Thats what first attracted Europeans, and their earliest settlement here was the Whaling Station in 1842. Its original building still stands, a bungalow on a lonely point. Now a museum, it sits in a cottage of pink and white flowers. But when you reach the house, you see part of it is made of whale bones. This town was built on whales, though today the hunt is for thrills not kills.
PAPER 1 Reading (1 hour)
Part 1You are going to read an extract from a newspaper article about wildlife in New Zealand. For questions 18, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your anwers on the separate answer sheet.
9780511996696_test1.indd 2 5/17/12 9:55 AM
Compact First: Practice Test 1 - This page may be photocopied Cambridge University Press 2012 3
1 How did the writer feel when the sun went down? A He was only interested in the music on his iPod. B He was very relaxed though physically tired. C He was becoming bored and a little lonely. D He didnt want to have to leave his room.
2 Kate mentioned the forecast because the weather might make it A advisable to take some medicine. B dangerous to go up the stairs. C impossible to go out to sea. D unlikely he would see any whales.
3 What does The other in line 25 refer to? A a source of excellent food for visitors B an example of its unspoilt environment C a reason why the town is well known D a place for newly-married couples
4 How does the writer react to seeing the weather forecast? A He takes no notice of Stefans warning not to eat a lot. B He thinks about it and then decides to ignore it. C He is so worried that he does not enjoy his breakfast. D He feels grateful to Kate for advising him to read it.
5 What happens when the writer is first in the boat? A He has some difficulty with part of his diving equipment. B He is warned that he must take diving more seriously. C He is feeling unwell and he regrets going out to sea. D He finds the behaviour of the dolphins a little frightening.
6 What does the writer compare to a vast creature in line 54? A the boat B a dolphin C the water D a bird
7 What does the writer say about his swim with dolphins? A He was disappointed that the water was not very clear. B He was amazed to see and hear a dolphin so near to him. C He was surprised how big the dolphin was when it came close. D He was annoyed the instuctor only let him dive three times.
8 What point is the writer making in the final paragraph? A Whales are less important to the local economy than they used to be. B These days there are far fewer whales in the sea near Kaikoura. C The towns relationship with whales has changed completely. D People have come to observe whales in Kaikoura since the 19th century.
9780511996696_test1.indd 3 5/17/12 9:55 AM
4 Compact First: Practice Test 1 - This page may be photocopied Cambridge University Press 2012
Part 2You are going to read an article about newspapers and the Internet. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences AH the one which fits each gap (915). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.Mark your anwers on the separate answer sheet.
Experts have been predicting the death of newspapers for over 50 years. Television was supposed to kill them off, and it did have some small effect. The sales of some papers began to decline from the middle 1950s, when commercial television started, and a few went out of business. But other papers prospered and new ones were launched, some thriving so much that they sold several million copies a day.
So, those who thought television would finish off the Press were wrong. 9 Almost every daily and Sunday national newspaper in this country is selling fewer copies than it was five years ago. In some cases, the decline has been dramatic.
The Internet, of course, is not the only factor. The natural markets for some papers, those aimed at industrial workers for instance, was already shrinking in the late 20th century. 10 The consequence has been a general attempt to make big savings by cutting costs wherever possible.
A disaster, then? Some people argue that the decline in readership of newspapers does not matter because many of us, and perhaps a majority of those under 30, are reading them online. 11 So, if one adds all the readers of newspapers on the Internet to those who prefer a newsprint version, there may be as many, if not more, people looking at the national Press as there were ten or 15 years ago.
There will, they say, still be lots of publications offering a wide variety of views and articles, as well as plenty of opportunities for writers. Indeed, one of the worlds most successful media bosses recently predicted that newspapers would reach new heights in the 21st century. 12
This sounds sensible, and I hope it is right, but I find it difficult to be quite so optimistic. The problem is that no one has yet figured out a way to make much money out of the Internet. A regular reader of an online version of a newspaper is worth 10p a month to the publisher. 13 Also, the hard copy that he reads attracts much more advertising than the Internet version.
Most newspapers obtain over half their income from copies sold. And, so far at least, advertising rates on the Internet are comparatively low for newspapers.
14 Up to 70% of the readers of many online papers are abroad, usually dotted around several countries, and there are huge problems in persuading advertisers to pay to reach such widely-scattered markets.
In other words, online papers are living off their newsprint paren | <urn:uuid:04ddcacf-443e-4c45-8236-5f6e5301ecf4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cupdf.com/document/cambridge-english-compact-test-practice-test-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968575 | 2,189 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Caltech is a world-renowned science and engineering institute that marshals some of the world's brightest minds and most innovative tools to address fundamental scientific questions. We thrive on finding and cultivating talented people who are passionate about what they do. Join us and be a part of the diverse Caltech community.
Under the supervision of the Plumbing Maintenance supervisor, perform plumbing duties related to the installation and maintenance of all facilities of the campus. Perform the maintenance required to ensure proper operation of steam, water, gas, air, vacuum, circulating pumps, cooling and heating systems, and other building related systems and equipment.
Essential Job Duties
Utilize Caltech's Integrated Workplace Management System software (AiM) to complete planned and corrective maintenance work orders.
Enhance customer satisfaction by establishing regular communications regarding maintenance and repair activities for affected discipline(s).
Work closely with the Facilities Asset Manager in the inventory and asset information of plumbing systems and related equipment.
Inspect and maintain the repair needs of piping, plumbing fixtures, systems and equipment.
Respond to trouble calls, emergency conditions and analyze routine work requests for timely execution and completion.
Assure compliance with applicable building codes and Caltech Design Guidelines.
Manage Caltech resources for optimum productivity.
Adhere to campus fire and life safety procedures, including confined space, lock-out & tag-out, use of PPE, and so forth.
Maintain technical proficiency with new equipment technologies, regulatory requirements, and engineering advances in improved operational performance.
Perform other duties as assigned.
Knowledge of building codes, regulatory requirements, licensing and inspections.
Five years journeyman level experience in the plumbing trade.
A valid journeyman plumber's certification or the ability to become licensed with the first 12 months of employment.
Ability to correctly and skillfully operate the various standard tools and equipment of the plumbing trade, e.g., drain cleaners, power hand tools, torches, welding equipment, etc.
Ability to read, interpret, and understand technical language in plumbing drawings and diagrams.
Ability to modify and/or adapt designs, procedures, or methods to make necessary alterations and modifications.
Communicate professionally with the members of the Caltech community in all situations. Must maintain effective working relationships with others.
Software proficiency in MS Word, Excel, MS Project, and Outlook.
Ability to work independently and follow through on assignments.
Skill in estimating material and labor requirements to accomplish task.
Ability to work various shifts as well as overtime and weekends.
Must have a valid driver's license at the time of employment and be able to maintain it throughout the course of employment.
Strong English oral and written communication skills are required. Use correct punctuation, vocabulary, spelling, and sentence structure. Follow written instructions.
Must be in good health with the physical strength and agility to lift up to 50 pounds on a daily basis, bend in all directions, climb stairs and ladders, squeeze with arms and hands, operate machinery using hands, and work outdoors in all kinds of weather.
Ability to distinguish among colors and work in confined spaces.
AS Degree in an appropriate construction or maintenance related technical or engineering field from an accredited college or university, trade school, or equivalent on-the-job training and experience.
Back Flow tester certification with Los Angeles County Health Department.
Proficiency with Asset Works AiM and Kronos or similar preventive maintenance and timekeeping software is a plus.
Strong teamwork, project management and problem resolution skills.
We are an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law.
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The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is a world-renowned science and engineering research and education institution, where extraordinary faculty and students seek answers to complex questions, discover new knowledge, lead innovation, and transform our future. | <urn:uuid:a0d8fb69-d1b2-4fb2-9b10-0479f76461a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://careercenter.phccweb.org/jobs/?job=16268833&SEO=1&page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.8956 | 842 | 1.523438 | 2 |
by Chris Jarvis
Content warning: this article mentions xenophobia and racism
Last week, reporting and rhetoric on the ongoing migration crisis reached new lows. The Daily Mail, The Express and others ran inflammatory stories first casting doubt over whether or not child refugees were children after all and later calling on them to carry out dental checks on asylum seekers to ascertain their age, irrespective of the ethical abhorrence and scientific inadequacy of such a policy.
How has it come to this? How, as a society, have we got to the point where people fleeing conflict, living in makeshift camps and trying desperately to find a better life receive this as their welcome to our country, are referred to in these terms? When did we stop being a nation that offered help and support to those in need, a nation that welcomed migrants, a nation with cities built on the principles of multi-culturalism and melting pot? Don’t we have a long and proud history of granting refuge to those who need it?
by Freddie Foot
The refugee crisis and the attacks in Paris has led to a reevaluation of European values and Europe’s overall unity. It has also stoked existing islamophobia and anti-immigration politics in the UK.
Those who were at, or read about, the far-right protest in Bristol in October would have noticed the organisers were the ‘Bristol United Patriots’ (BUP), a far-right group who ‘will defend our country our families and our culture against any threat to the peace and security of our nation’. The demonstration centered on opposing the housing of Syrian refugees while there was a British homelessness epidemic. The BUP had stated that “This demo is to highlight the homeless situation amongst the ex-service personnel living rough in Bristol and Somali rape gangs operating in this area. All nationalist and patriotic groups are welcome to fly their own flags.”
While Bristol has a strong history in anti-fascist activities and a relatively weak far-right, it is still worth understanding this new group and its intentions in the city. Readers will be pleased to know that it was difficult to look into the history of the far-right in Bristol. No one from the BUP wanted to speak to me about the protest or their organisation and seemed extremely defensive when I approached them.Continue Reading | <urn:uuid:8299c2e2-68bc-4d22-938d-f8d3ee929d42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thenorwichradical.com/tag/english-defence-league/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968862 | 475 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Visitors to the large-scale exhibition Àbadakone | Continuous Fire | Feu continuel, on view at the National Gallery of Canada
are being immersed in Indigenous contemporary art. The Gallerys second exhibition in a recurring series featuring some of the best international Indigenous contemporary art brings together more than 100 works by some 70 artists identifying with approximately 40 Indigenous Nations, ethnicities, and tribal affiliations from 16 countries, including Canada. Àbadakone | Continuous Fire | Feu continuel is on view until April 5, 2020.
The exhibition begins in the Gallerys main entrance with a monumental installation by internationally renowned Sámi artist and architect Joar Nango, from Sápmi (Northern Norway). Titled Sámi Architectural Library, 2019, this commissioned work created in situ draws on the artists concept of "Indigenuity where Indigenous art practices unfold. Visitors are invited to leaf through the assemblage of books, ranging in subject matter from activism and colonialism to Indigenous architecture, collected by the artist over a decade.
Cree artist Joi T. Arcands installation welcomes visitors as they walk up the colonnade to the Great Hall. Neon green and hot pink words of hope and encouragement written in Plains Cree syllabics on the granite floor are a testament to the reclamation of languages after generations of settler oppression.
Tepkik, 2018-2019, an installation by artist Jordan Bennett (Mi'kmaq, from Stephenville Crossing, Newfoundland and Labrador) is suspended in the Scotiabank Great Hall. The work is inspired by Mikmaq petroglyphs and the traditional colours of Mikmaq quillwork. The installations shape suggests the Milky Way, while the designs on the banners represent ancestral cosmology, referencing the sky and the water worlds.
Other works specifically created in situ for Àbadakone | Continuous Fire | Feu continuel include four large murals of traditional designs in the Gallerys concourse, painted by artists Yvonne June Imam, Philomina (Tirkey) Imam, and Putli Ganju from the Tribal Women Artists Cooperative from Hazaribagh, North East India; a monumental woven installation titled AKA, 2019, made by Mata Aho Collective, which includes Māori women artists Bridget Reweti, Erena Baker, Sarah Hudson, and Terri Te Tau, reaches towards the sky in the Gallerys Rotunda; and a performance art piece titled Ikummagialiit [Those that need fire], 2019, by artists Laakkuluk Williamson Bathory (Inuit, based in Iqaluit, Nunavut), Jamie Griffiths, Cris Derksen and Christine Tootoo, which will be presented in the Gallerys Auditorium on Saturday, November 16.
Entering the Special Exhibitions Galleries, visitors will encounter works and installations made in a variety of media, including beadwork, photography, print, sculpture, textile, and video. Among the artists whose works are on view are Brian Adams (Iñupiac, from Kivalina, Alaska, U.S.A.), Shuvinai Ashoona (Inuit, from Kinngait, Nunavut), Rebecca Belmore (Anishinaabe from Upsala, Ontario), Manuel Chavajay (Maya-Tz'utujil, from San Pedro la Laguna, Guatemala), Thirza Cuthand (Cree, from Regina, Saskatchewan), Tracey Moffatt (from Brisbane, Australia), Zanele Muholi (Zulu from Umlazi, South Africa), Qudus Onikeku (Yorùbá from Lagos, Nigeria), Fredrik Prost (Sámi from Viikusjärvi, Sweden), Evgeniy Salinder (Nenets, from Salekhard, Siberia), Sarah Sense (Chitimacha and Choctaw from Sacramento, California, U.S.A.), Joseph Tisiga (Kaska Dene from Edmonton, Alberta), and Will Wilson (Diné, from Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.A.), among others.
Throughout the five-month duration of the exhibition, several works will be activated by their makers. Among them, Peter Morin (Tahltan and French Canadian, based in Toronto) will be in the exhibition space in January 2020 to perform land.breath: performing the collective history of walked paths on Tahltan territory. In this performance installation work, Morin uses maps, both geographical and architectural, as well as his body to imbue the exhibition with care, longing and connection to international Indigenous communities by engaging each work in the exhibition with his breath, movement and proximity.
The majority of the artists participating in the show are exhibiting at the National Gallery of Canada for the first time.
Curated by Rachelle Dickenson, Associate Curator; Greg A. Hill, Audain Senior Curator; and Christine Lalonde, Associate Curator, from the Indigenous art department of the National Gallery of Canada, with Consulting Curators, Candice Hopkins, Ariel Smith and Carla Taunton, as well as nationally and internationally based advisors, Àbadakone | Continuous Fire | Feu continuel is the culmination of years of preparation.
Key lenders to the exhibition include the National Museum of Japanese History, the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, the Stark Museum of Art (Orange, Texas), and Global Affairs Canada. Nineteen works are drawn from the National Gallery of Canadas collection, including three that have been recently acquired. | <urn:uuid:880b65d3-2270-4bdf-82d5-ac26d5c50ac0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artdaily.cc/news/119713/Exhibition-features-some-of-the-best-international-Indigenous-contemporary-art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.917886 | 1,169 | 1.773438 | 2 |
A pungent, fresh, balsamic, somewhat fruity scent.
Magical Juniper is a purification plant par excellence. It can be used to cleanse ritual spaces or magical tools. It is strongly protective and dispels negative energies and entities. It is often used in healing rites and to purify the sick room. During meditation it helps focusing and concentration. It has also been associated with prophecy and divination. Juniper can be used in rites of passage and as a protector on shamanic journeys to the other world. It is an excellent oil for getting in touch with the deities and spirits of nature.
Juniperus communis According to some archaeologists Juniper has been our closest magical plant ally since Neolithic times. Juniper was already mentioned in the ancient Egyptian papyri; its fragrant wood, needles and berries were used as incense and medicine. Juniper is said to have the power to ward off evil.
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Any special delivery instructions required needs to be added to the 'delivery notes section' of the shopping basket at the time of order, otherwise please email us. | <urn:uuid:82308c60-75cb-4caa-b2a1-d5ab43349d45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sacredessence.co.uk/wellbeing-c34/pure-essential-oils-c60/singles-c72/star-child-djuniper-berry-5ml-juniperus-communis-essential-oil-organic-p2530 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.949926 | 360 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Stop Smoking With Hypnotherapy
Thanks to the new legislation banning smoking in public places, many people are finding it's becoming more of a burden than a pleasure to continue smoking. There are many ways to stop smoking and choice of method really comes down to personal preference. If you want to stop smoking, researching the various options available to you and how they work will make your choice that much easier.
The Habit of SmokingMany people who smoke believe they are addicted to nicotine and that it will be very difficult to give up. The jury is still out as to whether chemical addiction forms part of the reason why people continue to smoke. Some researchers claim that if there were indeed a chemical addiction, a smoker would have to smoke enough cigarettes on waking in the morning to restore levels of nicotine reduced during sleep.
What is agreed however is that smoking is a habit. A smoker will tend to smoke at certain times in certain situations and this repetition creates what is known as a conditioned response. A conditioned response is an automatic behaviour. Many smokers feel that the most difficult cigarette to give up will be the one they have with an alcoholic drink. This is where hypnotherapy comes into its own. Hypnotherapy addresses these psychological triggers and contributes to breaking the associations between smoking and certain activities.
Hypnotherapy TreatmentA hypnotherapist will find out from you when and where you smoke to ascertain your particular triggers. Most smokers will have one or two situations which for them represent the situations when they might feel most tempted to want to smoke. Your hypnotherapist's intention is to help you stop smoking and stay smoke free. Research has shown that a combination of hypnotherapy and other techniques is the most successful, so most hypnotherapists will have a range of techniques they will use with you. If smoking when stressed is an issue, your hypnotherapist might teach you a powerful relaxation technique so that you can very quickly access a deep state of calm should the need arise. You might be taught a thought-stopping technique so that should you find yourself thinking about smoking, you can interrupt that thought process. You might be taken through a mental rehearsal of your high-risk situations seeing yourself coping without smoking.
Your hypnotherapist will be very focused on emphasising the reasons why you want to give up smoking during the hypnotherapy session itself. They will also want to address any concerns you might have about your ability to stop. Thus, they will also tap into other experiences you have had of success and achievement and link these in with your determination to stop smoking. The emphasis in the hypnotherapy session is on reinforcing your own determination to stop and breaking your psychological triggers. It also addresses any concerns you might have about replacing cigarettes with food.
In most cases your hypnotherapist aims to help you stop smoking in a single session, which may be a fairly lengthy one. This is because, as anyone who has given up smoking before will know, it is much easier to just stop smoking than reduce the number of cigarettes you smoke in stages.
After TreatmentLargely due to what the public is exposed to on television regarding hypnosis, hypnotherapy is very often regarded as a magic wand. Therefore, many people assume they will never think about a cigarette again or have a craving. In many cases, that is exactly what happens but the reality is that even years after stopping smoking, a sudden desire to smoke can pop up out of the blue. That is why good hypnotherapy treatment often sends you away with various other tools to use should that occur. Some hypnotherapists also include a follow-up session in their treatment package to be taken within a certain length of time if the need arises.
Preparing Yourself for Stopping SmokingThe key to successful treatment is making that decision that you want to stop smoking. This might seem obvious, but sometimes people believe that hypnotherapy will make them stop. Indeed, before deciding to treat you with hypnotherapy, a therapist will want to make sure that you are definite in your wish to stop. The desire to stop has to come from you and not from a partner or family member. Once you have decided you want to stop, begin believing that you can do it. Remind yourself frequently of your reasons for wanting to stop and how much better your life will be without cigarettes. And of course, make your appointment.
Remember, many thousands of people before you have successfully given up smoking, and these range from the casual smoker to the chain smoker. Realise what you will gain from kicking the habit, in terms of your self-esteem it can be quite a lot. | <urn:uuid:b45263c8-e1de-4255-a48d-7233c3fc5853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hypnosisexpert.co.uk/stoppingsmokingwithhypnotherapy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.971244 | 942 | 2.09375 | 2 |
In the 1970s, the environmental movement was regularly criticized for being too negative, and providing too little emphasis on positive solutions. Or, they were simply dismissed as “chicken little” radicals. These early criticisms ushered in several years of hushed tones and muted pessimism.
These days, as the world’s ecological and climate woes continue to worsen, there seems to be a little more straight talk from the green corner. The reason is hardly worth mentioning, but here goes. While ecological destruction throughout the world has been a slow-motion catastrophe, climate change seems to be on fast forward.
Along comes Tim Flannery in 2009, internationally acclaimed scientist and author of the wildly successful The Weather Makers, to shed all pretensions of massaging the message or softening the blow. His newest book, Now or Never, will frighten everyone who dares to read it – from hardened climate skeptics to true believers.
Yes, it’s that dire. For Flannery, we have already past the “tipping point” of climate consequences. Now we must act to avoid the “point of no return,” which would bring on a new “dark age” of full-scale climate catastrophe. Flannery is not concerned about living up to the billing of climate alarmist. As David Suzuki writes in the book’s foreword, it’s time to “take the gloves off and tell like it is.”
Flannery offers up a few chapters of possible solutions to avert our worst fate. But his suggestions skip past any notion of slow-moving societal change, and head straight to the large-scale, drastic efforts that would either capture carbon at the source or absorb excess carbon from the air.
To list a few “modest” proposals: massive, unprecedented reforestation efforts are needed in tropical regions; carbon capture and storage technologies must be developed fast to deal with surging coal industries throughout the developing world; and a revolution in holistic agriculture techniques is essential, not just to reduce carbon emissions, but to make farming a net carbon sink. (Flannery suggests using the process of pyrolysis to convert organic matter into fuel and charcoal. The latter could be plowed back into fields as inert stored carbon, improving crop yields and producing healthier, nutrient-rich soil.) But these solutions, and all others listed in the book, leave Flannery sounding rushed and frantic. It’s basically a frenzied appeal for emergency measures.
If a seasoned communicator like Tim Flannery decides to throw all positivity out the window, I’m inclined to take him at his word. And I’m not about to pathetically ask for a “brighter” assessment, when that would result in the same business-as-usual response to decades of concerted environmental activism. Yes – time for the gloves to come off indeed.
Now or Never is not fun. To be honest, the book is rather disturbing. But it is well worth your effort if it spurs you to action.
Bill McKibben, among others, offers a written response to Flannery at the end of the book. He uses the space to encourage readers to participate in the 350.org campaign. It’s a worldwide effort designed to convince world leaders that something substantial must be done to bring emissions down and keep them under 350 parts per million – the estimated safe upper limit of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is just one of many ways we can make a difference.
*This book review was written by Fraser Los, updated from its original version on thegreenpages.ca | <urn:uuid:6ce320b4-764a-45b7-b7f2-976e89dbf9ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thegreenpages.ca/2010/04/14/now-or-never/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950599 | 749 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Speaking at the event held at All Dulles Area Muslim Society (ADAMS) Center, Kerry began his speech with the Muslim greeting “Assalamu Alaikum” [Peace be upon you] and congratulated Muslim’s on their holy month of Ramadan.
He added that refugees are not a threat to the American society and that it is not part of American values to discriminate against people based on their religion or nationality.
During the event, which included members of various faiths, the call to prayer was recited by a Muslim U.S. officer.
Kerry addressed the issue of the high and rising global number of refugees. “If we were to compile all refugees in one country, it would be the world’s 22nd most crowded country,” Kerry said.
Kerry also criticized the increase in Islamphobic incidents in the U.S. “Hatred against Muslims, making them a target serves the interest of the terror groups. There is a tendency to show that there is a war between the U.S. and Islam. This is not true. There is no other country like the U.S. where Muslims can live freely,” Kerry said.
Jolie also spoke during the event, expressing her appreciation for attending the iftar dinner with members of various religions.
Like Kerry, Jolie drew attention to the increased xenophobic incidents, in addition to refugee numbers, calling on all states to share the burden and responsibility in tackling these problems.
“All humans are born equal and entitled to the equal rights,” Jolie said. | <urn:uuid:8b6d26c2-98f1-4ad6-b18c-01f7a7b5114a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tgme.org/2016/06/angelina-jolie-john-kerry-attend-interfaith-iftar-reception/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969916 | 340 | 1.734375 | 2 |
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PCI Archaeology is the first community of the non-profit organization Peer Community In. The goal of Peer Community in is to promote scientific knowledge. Address: 11 route de Bellet, 06200, Nice, France. Tel: +33 9 51 33 24 26. e-mail: email@example.com. Publication director/directeur de la publication: Alain Queffelec. ISSN: 2742-1929. The website is hosted by Cédric Defortis, Société coopérative d'activité et d'emploi KANOPE, SARL (address: Innoparc, 6 rue Roger Salengro, 32000 Auch, France. Tel: +33 5 62 07 38 08) and ONLINE SAS (address: ONLINE SAS, BP 438, 75366 Paris CEDEX 08, France. Tel: +33 1 84 13 00 00).
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The website was developed by Sylvain Piry - using the web2py free web framework (Massimo Di Pierro, ©2007-2021) - with the help of Michael Ajanaku, Olivier Fambon, Gabriel Franck, Alexandre Dehne Garcia and Tovo Rabemanantsoa. The website was designed by Denis Bourguet, Benoît Facon, Thomas Guillemaud Timo Lubitz and Sylvain Piry. The design of the front office was specifically developed by Timo Lubitz.
The PCI Archaeology logo was created by Alain Queffelec. The network in the background of the logo was drawn by Martin Grandjean: A force-based network visualization - http://www.martingrandjean.ch/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Graphe3.png. CC BY-SA. | <urn:uuid:3f3356b2-5cf8-47a7-bd9d-fa32d5230a2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archaeo.peercommunityin.org/about/contact | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.760151 | 443 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The Odessa Barb is sometimes known as the Scarlet Barb, and the body of the female is silver and pink with a black spot above the pectoral fin. The male is black to silver in coloration and has a beautiful bright red stripe running horizontally from the head to the tail. They are very beautiful and lively fish that prefer to be in schools.
They do prefer a well-planted tank of at least 30 gallons with soft, slightly acidic water. Rocks and driftwood can be added to the aquarium, but leave plenty of space for swimming. The Scarlet Barb is a very active fish that may pester or even nip the fins of larger, slower moving fish.
It is best, when trying to breed the Odessa Barb, to house a number of Barbs in the same aquarium until they pair off. After a pair has developed, the female will lay her eggs and the male will follow behind to fertilize. The fry will be free-swimming after about 5 days. Feed the fry newly hatched brine shrimp until large enough to accept crushed flake food.
The Odessa Barb needs to be fed a variety of foods including vegetables as well as meaty foods. Feed a quality flake food as well as freeze dried, live, and frozen foods such as brine shrimp and bloodworms.
Approximate Purchase Size: 1/2" to 1-1/2" | <urn:uuid:9429ef9d-0cc8-4aa5-995a-f68431965c5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://liveaquaria.com/product/1009/odessa-barb?pcatid=1009&c=830+880+1009&s=ts&r= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.972057 | 287 | 1.617188 | 2 |
‘Glenhazel Shul’: many names for this stalwart
Pictured above left: Shachrit in the Glenhazel shul with Israeli Chief Rabbi Shlomo Goren (centre) with Dave Slasky, Rabbi Avraham Tanzer and Solly Sacks.
Still among the largest and most active of these communities is the Great-Granddaddy of them all, the Yeshiva College Hebrew Congregation. That name is actually quite recent. For most of its 50 year-plus history, the kehilla has been known officially as the Glenhazel Area Hebrew Congregation. It continues to be commonly referred to simply as the Glenhazel Shul.
The change of name is nevertheless justified. From the very beginning, there has been a symbiotic relationship between shul and school, which not only share the same campus but, remarkably, have been headed for over half a century by the same person, Rabbi Avraham Tanzer.
Yeshiva College preceded the shul, having relocated there in January 1961 after operating for its first three years in the communal hall of the Berea Hebrew Congregation. Two years later Rabbi and Marcia Tanzer, both still in their twenties, arrived from the United States. Rabbi Tanzer took over as dean of the school, and within a year was appointed rosh Yeshiva following the death of Rabbi Michael Kossowsky.
It was through Rabbi Kossowsky that, when plans for the school were being drawn up, provision was also made for a shul to be built, both for the residents of the Yeshiva and for those who would eventually live in the vicinity. This was long before most members of the congregation had moved into the Glenhazel area.
Shortly after the Tanzers’ arrival in early 1963, it was decided to have a Yomtov minyan on the school premises for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Some 25 couples and several more individuals took part in the inaugural services, which were held, as they would be for the next three years, in the Yeshiva College dining room (today the school library).
The kehilla grew rapidly, attracting increasing numbers of young families. Just as the congregation’s membership increased through association with the school, so did it in turn help to increase the school’s numbers. In 1963, Yeshiva College was no more than a small boys’ high school, but by the end of the decade, it included a primary, nursery and separate girls’ school as well.
The Yeshiva College Hebrew Congregation is today just one of a number of permanent minyanim operating on the YC campus. The latter include the Mizrachi congregation, in its own synagogue built alongside the main building, Shabbat youth services and daily services run by Bnei Akiva and by Rabbi Dov Tanzer.
The membership of the main shul comprises some 300 families. Through long-standing member Lionel Stein, it puts out a hefty 50-page weekly newsletter comprising, in addition to congregational news, Divrei Torah and items of interest from the global Jewish press. Among its 500-plus subscribers are many non-congregants.
The shul now has an assistant rabbi, Rabbi Alon Friedman. However, Rabbi Tanzer continues to head up the congregation more than 50 years after that first Rosh Hashanah prayer gathering, which makes him, by some distance, the country’s longest serving Jewish spiritual leader. | <urn:uuid:cd754479-7834-437b-b6bb-9f3adc692d03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sajr.co.za/glenhazel-shul-many-names-for-this-stalwart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.979935 | 735 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The subject of these notes is the character variety of representations of a surface group in a Lie group. We emphasize the various points of view (combinatorial, differential, algebraic) and are interested in the description of its smooth points, symplectic structure, volume and connected components. We also show how a three manifold bounded by the surface leaves a trace in this character variety.
These notes were originally designed for students with only elementary knowledge of differential geometry and topology. In the first chapters, we do not insist in the details of the differential geometric constructions and refer to classical textbooks, while in the more advanced chapters proofs occasionally are provided only for special cases where they convey the flavor of the general arguments. These notes could also be used by researchers entering this fast expanding field as motivation for further studies proposed in a concluding paragraph of every chapter. | <urn:uuid:53532c85-9bbf-40df-81ef-4bef62ce560d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ems.press/books/zlam/203 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960226 | 170 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency launched in 2009, has often had bad press. And in particular because of the very large amount of energy required to validate transactions on its blockchain, the technology on which all operations are carried out and secured. A study from the University of Cambridge points to the high electricity consumption induced by the Bitcoin blockchain, which it estimates at around 128 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year as of June 10, 2022, slightly less than the amount of electricity necessary for the extraction of gold in the world and more than the annual consumption of a country like Poland.
Also, Bitcoin tends to increase its energy requirements over time. The blockchain is in fact based on a mechanism deemed inviolable to validate transactions in cryptocurrencies, but also very greedy in electricity. This is the mining process working with the proof of work (“proof of work” in English): machines – in particular Asics composed of electronic chips programmed to mine bitcoin – run at full speed to try to solve an equation very complex math.
>> Discover 21 millions, Capital’s cryptocurrency newsletter. Decryptions and advice to better understand crypto-assets
The machine that finds the solution first obtains the right to secure the transaction, which results in the creation of a new block on the blockchain and in exchange confers a reward in bitcoins. In this case, 6.25 bitcoins today, but this reward should decrease over time.
In addition to Bitcoin, the Ethereum, Litecoin and Monero blockchains in particular operate with a proof-of-work mechanism. But many cryptocurrencies created in recent years are instead based on a blockchain with a proof of stake mechanism, due in particular to the excessive electricity consumption required by mining and the “proof of work”. ”.
Proof of stake much less consuming than proof of work
Proof of stake amounts to putting your cryptocurrency tokens into play to obtain the validation of a block. Token holders who wish to secure transactions are thus drawn by lot. “This is called a probabilistic model, with a draw,” explains Anaïs Bouchet, in charge of evaluating the impact of projects at Cardashift, a company specializing in blockchain to finance environmental and societal initiatives.
“All validators on the network have a chance of validating a block, but that chance is weighted by the number of tokens held,” she continues. “Blockchains that work with proof of stake are clearly those that consume the least,” finally emphasizes Anaïs Bouchet. The best known of these are Polkadot, Cardano and Solana.
“A draw, in terms of energy consumption, is very low. The computing power required is ridiculous”, adds Hadrien Zerah, managing director of Nomadic Labs, responsible for the development of the Tezos blockchain in France, which also works with proof of stake. This protocol, originally designed by two French people, has an annual carbon footprint equivalent to that of only 17 European households, according to an audit by PwC published in December 2021.
It is therefore no coincidence that Ethereum wants to switch from proof of work to proof of stake. The blockchain is due to undergo a big update, dubbed “The Merge”, which should finally come to fruition this summer. Proof of stake “is more than 2,000 times more energy efficient,” says Ryan Shea, crypto-economist at fintech Trakx, quoted in the 21 Million newsletter. “This is equivalent to a reduction in energy consumption of around 100 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year”, according to him, or the annual electricity consumption of more than 20 million French households.
Overlays that consume less electricity
Victim of its own success, with the boom in decentralized finance applications (DeFi), the Ethereum blockchain is becoming increasingly saturated. Transaction processing times are getting longer on the network, and associated fees have skyrocketed. Solutions have already begun to emerge to overcome this problem of “scalability”, ie large-scale use of the technology.
The Polygon blockchain, which is grafted onto Ethereum like a second layer, thus makes it possible to multiply transactions without creating congestion. Other protocols have been developed and can also be added to Ethereum to improve its “scalability”, such as Fantom or BNB Chain launched by the Binance cryptocurrency trading platform. Bitcoin, which is also experiencing network latency issues, sees the Lightning Network protocol playing this role.
In addition to improving “scalability”, these overlays have the advantage of reducing the electricity consumption needed to validate transactions. Polygon, for example, “pre-validates the transactions with a proof-of-stake mechanism, then compiles them into a single one which will ultimately be validated by Ethereum’s consensus mechanism”, explains Anaïs Bouchet. Thus, “1,000 transactions can be carried out on Polygon requiring a single validation on Ethereum”.
To get an idea of the level of energy consumption of each blockchain, “the ideal is to compare the amount of kilowatt-hours needed per transaction”, according to the engineer:
- Bitcoin, and its proof-of-work mechanism, “consumes up to 700 kilowatt-hours (kWh) to pass a transaction, or the energy needed to travel 1,400 km with a diesel car that consumes 5 liters/100 km”, she specifies. Ethereum, which today also uses proof of work, however, requires less energy: around 140 kWh per transaction. In general, blockchains with this mode of operation consume around 100 kWh to carry out a transaction, i.e. the energy necessary to travel 200 km.
- The overlays (layers 2, sidechains) of the Ethereum blockchain, such as Polygon, require between 1 to 10 kWh per transaction, or the equivalent of 5 to 20 km with the same type of car.
- Blockchains like Cardano or Solana, with a proof-of-stake mechanism, drop to just 1-10 watt-hours (Wh) per transaction, the equivalent of searching the web with Google.
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Each blockchain has its advantages and disadvantages
Beyond energy consumption, each blockchain has its share of flaws and qualities. Proof of stake, for example, tends to benefit holders of many cryptocurrency tokens, who have a higher probability of being drawn. “It’s a small group of people holding a lot of tokens that controls the creation of cryptocurrency”, points out Guillaume Berche, product owner of the Paymium crypto exchange platform. “It’s a replica of the current centralized financial system, when Bitcoin involves a paradigm shift,” he believes.
Some therefore criticize proof of stake for creating a form of oligarchy, when the initial philosophy of Bitcoin is based on the decentralization of exchanges and the mode of governance.
“It’s the same with proof of work and mining,” retorts Hadrien Zerah, of Nomadic Labs. “The more devices and computing power you have to mine, the more blocks you produce, and the more you can then afford to buy back mining hardware.” Guillaume Berche recognizes “a concentration effect”, but dismisses any oligarchic functioning of Bitcoin “as for blockchains with a proof-of-stake mechanism”.
Polygon, an overlay of Ethereum, also works with a consensus mechanism to validate transactions “fairly centralized and less secure”, points out Anaïs Bouchet.
Generally speaking, blockchains all attempt to respond to the “security, scalability and decentralization” triptych. They are often less efficient on one of these three dimensions to be better on another. For example, the Solana blockchain, under proof of stake, rather favors “scalability”, but it has experienced heavy outages and seems more vulnerable than Bitcoin, which is less “scalable” on its side.
One of the big current challenges is therefore to reduce the cumbersome operation of the blockchain to allow its large-scale use and reduce its energy needs. All of this, with as little damage as possible to the levels of security and decentralization of the network.
Web3: Internet in the age of blockchain, a utopia?
It also depends on the energy used.
Beyond electricity consumption, the environmental impact of a blockchain, and in particular of Bitcoin, can only be estimated by looking at the energy sources used. Bitcoin is famous for running many machines at full power to validate transactions. A draft European regulation even considered banning mining, the proof-of-work mechanism used by cryptocurrency.
But it remains difficult to know in detail the origin of the energy used by the miners. Many point to surplus electricity produced by renewable energies, which would not be used for any other activity and would otherwise be lost. This is the case of the French mining companies Starmining and BigBlock Datacenter, which explain that they take advantage of the advantageous price of these surpluses.
But there is no independent study on the subject. And the mining activity still relies heavily on fossil fuels, such as electricity produced by coal-fired power plants. According to the latest report from the Bitcoin Mining Council, made up of mining companies, around 58.4% of miners worldwide use a renewable energy mix. A figure on the rise, but which still shows the way to go for Bitcoin to be considered ecological | <urn:uuid:99dce125-f17a-4d71-bb6c-6a15c67d0941> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crypto-profit4you.com/cryptocurrencies-what-are-the-greenest-blockchains/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945198 | 2,004 | 2.625 | 3 |
Underwater Navigation of AUVs
MetadataShow full item record
Designing and developing an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that is capable of performing a diverse set of operations is challenging in many ways, and requires broad insight into many fields of research. This paper presents the general aspects of underwater vehicles and subsea missions. It aims to serve as a portal to the multitude of issues that must be considered when designing an inspection-class AUV. Typical sensor configurations that enable autonomous navigation are presented, along with algorithms for sensor integration. Special emphasis is put on near-bottom operations and navigation methods that are facilitated by bottom relative measurements. The main challenge regarding AUV navigation is maintaining an accurate horizontal position estimate during long lasting missions. Methods for obtaining bounded error position estimates without deploying cumbersome external equipment are discussed to detail. Reliable navigational information is particularly important for safe operation and recovery of autonomous vehicles, and the data gathered during AUV missions are more valuable if the location where the data was recorded is accurately known. The essentials of autonomous guidance, navigation and control are presented along with specific applicable techniques, to provide a general overview of the system as a whole. | <urn:uuid:f96b2439-ee74-42b8-a39d-f04b9a393f39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/260209 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.936642 | 244 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Inaugurated in 1994, the Laval Cosmodome is the only institution in Canada that is fully devoted to widespread enlightenment on the space sciences.
Through its three interactive, virtual missions inaugurated in 2012, the Cosmodome has become an outer space edutainment provider offering opportunities to raise public awareness of the joys of space sciences, by means of an approach based on the following experiential pillars: looking, listening, participating and experiencing. This approach contributes toward appealing to the senses and emotions in order to stimulate intuitive attention and learning in an immersive environment.
With over 150,000 visitors per year, the Cosmodome is a destination for all Canadian families and also for school groups from all Canadian provinces, from the United States, Europe and Asia.
The Cosmodome is recognized as a major regional player in scientific literacy and recreational tourism. It is one of the metropolitan facilities of the Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal (CMM), just as the Montreal Botanical Garden, for example, thereby giving Canada-wide visibility to the City of Laval and Greater Montreal as a whole.
The mission of the Cosmodome: To live and share with all our passion for space exploration!
The Cosmodome aims to stimulate the general public’s interest in space exploration and scientific culture. Above all, it is committed to:
• Educate youth and families about science, primarily space science;
• Contribute to the awakening of interest in science and to the increase in the number of science students;
• Contribute to the development of careers related to science and space and support the presence of women and people from cultural communities in science.
To do this, it promotes experiential learning in an immersive environment and draws on the fascinating history of space exploration, the exceptional achievements and gigantic challenges of the space pioneers and the new conquerors of interplanetary navigation.
A non-profit organization governed by a federal charter granted on June 13, 1994, the Cosmodôme is composed of a Board of Directors with a maximum of 20 members, including a maximum of 7 members who form the Executive Committee.
Four times a year, the members of the Board of Directors meet to ensure the sound management of the organization. To do so, three governance committees have been created: the Human Resources Committee, the Financial Management Committee and the Research and Development Committee.
Ian Galipeau, Chairman
Jack Benzaquen, Vice-Chairman
Benoit Lecours, Secretary
Pierre Barabey, Treasurer
Robert Lamontagne, Director
Yvon L’Abbé, Director
Sylvain Chaput, Director
René Brisson, Director
Luc-Olivier Herbert, Director
Christiane Hémond, Director
Frédéric Greschner, Director
Frédéric Busseau, Director
Cédrick Lalaizon, Director
Hervé Pilon, Director | <urn:uuid:abc56b4a-652e-4c0e-8c7d-950290a089b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cosmodome.org/en/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.895937 | 614 | 2.359375 | 2 |
It is now 49 years since Johan Heyns’s Sterwende Christendom? [Dying Christendom] was
published (1969) in which he traced the history of secularisation and its impact on the
theology of his time and 36 years since the publication (1982) of the first volume of his
Teologiese etiek [Theological ethics] in which he discussed the impact of secularisation on ethics.
In this article, the topic of the impact of secularisation on Christian ethics is revisited. Account
is taken of research conducted on the secularising impact of modernisation since then.
Although empirical research points to the fact that it is not true that modernisation inevitably
leads to the complete demise of religious faith and ethics, and also not that there is today
absolutely no room for religious influences in the different social orders, it does not mean that
it is a case of business as usual for Christian ethics. It cannot be denied that modernisation has
a significant effect on the shape of Christian ethics in the contemporary world. And it can also
not be denied that in most contemporary liberal democratic societies, including South Africa,
the public role of Christian ethics is restricted. Some of the challenges – and opportunities –
present-day realities pose to South African churches and their members are identified and
Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: On account of the pluralising and
fragilising impact of modernisation on Christian faith, the discipline of Christian ethics should
today criticise the absolutising of Christian ethical beliefs and encourage Christians to actively
support consensus seeking on moral values in the workplace and in society.
This article is based on the Johan Heyns Memorial Lecture I was invited to give on 24 May 2017 at the University of Pretoria. | <urn:uuid:2ea2e936-f249-4b62-b73b-b022ff973cec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/67010 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.910776 | 384 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The eyes are not just the window to the soul; they are our window to the world.
They help us recognize loved ones, take in a play, spot potential dangers, and assess our environment.
For most people, good vision plays a huge part in the quality of life.
But, for as big of a job as our eyes have to do, they are delicate. Everything from diet to genetics to overall health can affect our vision and, consequently, our full enjoyment of life.
While we can’t do much about common eye diseases we inherit, there are many things we can do in our daily lives to keep our eyes as healthy and sharp as possible.
Here are our Top 10 Tips for Healthier Eyes.
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Top 10 Tips For Healthier Eyes
So, what are our top tips for healthier eyes?
1) Eat a balanced diet
Research has consistently shown a powerful connection between diet and health, and eye health is no exception.
A healthy diet can slow the progression of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration, just to name a couple of benefits. An easy rule of thumb for eating for eye health is to pack your plate with vivid colors from vegetable and fruits, then reserve a spot for healthy fats:
- Vegetables. Get eye-friendly vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and more from leafy greens (kale, spinach, bok choy), red bell peppers, berries, carrots, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and oranges. Berries such as strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, and citrus fruits are excellent eye-healthy snacks.
- Fish and seafood. Salmon, tuna, shrimp, trout, and other oily fish are packed with omega-3 fatty acids, which protect eyes from glaucoma and dry eye. Other smart choices include beans and legumes, nuts, and eggs.
- Lean proteins. Lean meats and eggs are a good source of zinc and vitamin A. Nuts, seeds, beans, and nut butters are as well, and have the added benefit of being high in healthy fiber.
- Antioxidant-rich beverages. Green tea is a good source of eye-healthy antioxidants, which serve to inhibit oxidative damage to the eyes.
- Nutritional supplements. Supplements are just that: a supplement to a healthy diet, not a replacement for good nutrition. However, sometimes we all fall short. If you can’t get adequate nutrients from diet alone, consider daily vitamin supplements containing zinc, vitamins C, E, zeaxanthin, and lutein.
- Less sugar. Sugar is known to cause inflammation for some people, which can put undue pressure on your eyes’ lenses. But that’s not the only way sugar wreaks havoc on vision. With consistent over-consumption of sugary and starchy foods, diabetes can develop. Then, in some cases this can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which can cause blindness.
Fresh analysis of eye research data published in the International Journal of Ophthalmology has uncovered evidence of a lowered risk for age-related cataracts (ARC) in people who exercise. According to the analysis, an individual’s risk of cataracts is decreased by 2 percent for every hour of daily walking, running, or cycling.
Exercise reduces cell damage in the eye and improves cholesterol levels and insulin resistance, which is believed to reduce oxidative damage in the eyes. Exercise also increases circulation, keeping the blood vessels in the eyes and body functioning well.
So, hit the trail and reap all sorts of benefits from getting the blood pumping for a while. Aim for 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days.
3) Avoid dry eyes
Dry eyes, either from a lack of lubricating tears or the rapid dissipation of tears – can be temporary or chronic, but they are always uncomfortable. The condition can cause an itchy, scratchy feeling, redness, light sensitivity, and blurred vision.
Some of the easiest ways to improve dry eyes naturally are to drink plenty of fluids and avoid alcohol and antihistamines that are known to dehydrate the body and dry mucus membranes.
Avoid having a fan directly on your face and consider wearing a sleep mask at night to keep your eyes fully closed during slumber. If dry eye is chronic for you, ask your eye doctor about treatments such as lubricating eye drops or punctual plugs to help you retain tears. You can also reduce irritating dry eye with the next few tips.
4) Get more sleep
Adequate sleep is necessary to let your whole body recharge; without it, your eyes can get dry and fatigued. Those with sleep apnea should be extra diligent about making time for shut-eye because it is considered a risk factor for glaucoma. If you use a CPAP machine for sleep apnea, make sure to get a good mask seal to ensure that leaking air doesn’t blow into your eyes.
5) Limit screen time
Long hours in front of a TV or computer causes eye strain and dries out the eyes. The truth is we “forget” to blink! To reduce the resulting dry eye, make a point of blinking as often as possible: coordinate blinking with certain punctuation or, perhaps, every time you see or hear a word with the letter E.
Give yourself a short window of time each day to use the computer, watch television, and then take a break.
If you can’t tune out completely, lower the screen brightness to a comfortable level, lower the screen itself below eye level so you can view it without opening eyes wide and don blue light blocking glasses for good measure. And, of course, look away once in a while. The 20/20/20 rule helps Every 20 minutes, fix your gaze on something at least 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
6) Don’t smoke
Smoking or being around second-hand smoke not only dries out our natural tears but also ages every system of the body prematurely. Smokers are at greater risk for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, two of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness in the United States. Talk to your doctor about smoking-cessation programs to help you kick the habit.
7) Wash your hands
Wash them a lot. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), proper handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of infectious disease.
Wash before and after touching your face, preparing or eating a meal, caring for a sick person, using the restroom, touching handrails, carts, and other public space.
You should also wash up after blowing your nose, taking out the trash or cleaning an area of your home, after touching pets, and any time your hands look dirty. Contact lens wearers will also need to wash before and after inserting and removing contacts.
Tips for proper hand-washing:
- Wash hands for at least 20 seconds to kill germs. That’s about the time it takes to sing “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.”
- Use plenty of soap and warm water and wash the palms between the fingers, fingertips, thumbs, wrists, and your hands’ backs.
- Remember to scrub your fingertips against your hands’ palm to work lose any contaminants hiding under your fingernails.
8) Shade your eyes from the sun
Just like skin, eyes are also vulnerable to the effects of sun exposure. Repeated or prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light increases the risk of eye cancers, cataracts, growths on the eye, and photokeratitis (snow blindness), among other eye conditions.
So, use eye protection every time you step outdoors, including UV-blocking sunglasses and/or a wide-brimmed hat with SPF protection. Your ophthalmologist may be able to recommend a reliable brand of eye protection.
9) Research family health history
Many people with age-related macular degeneration or glaucoma inherited the propensity for these eye diseases from their ancestors. Several eye problems are caused or strongly influenced by our genetics.
If you know your family’s medical and health histories, you can be aware of the conditions for which you are most at risk. That means you can take early steps to help prevent them, catch them in the early stages, and treat them more successfully.
10) Schedule regular eye exams
Finally, our last tips for healthier eyes are to consider this your “ounce of prevention” to stave off the “pound of cure.” There are lots of reasons to get your eyes checked every year. But, a dilated eye exam is the most critical to catch diagnoses and treat vision problems that may adversely affect your quality of life.
Technology is continually changing for the better, so don’t consider medical advice you received years ago to be the last word on your eyesight. Touch base with your eye doctor annually to take full advantage of the latest advances in eye care techniques and technologies.
These 10 tips for healthier eyes represent smart and easy ways to help you preserve optimal vision and enjoy a higher quality of life. | <urn:uuid:75e5c5ab-8352-40b6-b9fc-de3d008fe78b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bensnaturalhealth.com/blog/general-health/tips-for-healthier-eyes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.930098 | 1,953 | 2.578125 | 3 |
with Linda Dunn, Dunn Information Organization
This webinar was presented March 12, 2014
By large indexing projects I am referring to such works as encyclopedias; dictionaries; multi-volume works on any topic; books or collections of letters; intranets; websites; historical documents; and multiple issues of periodical titles.
All large projects, especially those which are written over long periods of time or by a number of different authors, will have some inconsistency in names. The solution to such inherent inconsistencies is the use of an external file which contains records of the decisions made on how each name should be spelled, formatted, and under what part of the name it should be alphabetized. These files are called Name Authority Files. Once created, Authority Files "control" name entries into the index so that every name which is entered into the index is one of the authorized names in the Files. If the name is not yet in the file, it must be added, researched, and a decision made by using the rules developed for the index – and then entered into the Authority File before being entered into the index.
This webinar will answer these questions:
- What makes an Authority File an authority?
- How does creating an Authority File help the indexer(s) in completing large indexing projects?
- What has to be done to create a Name Authority File?
- Which sources will help the indexer to determine the format of special kinds of names, to differentiate between similar names, or to discover acceptable authorized names?
Linda Dunn has been a periodical indexer for over thirty years and has been interested in authority files since she began indexing. Through her work with multiple databases she has become familiar with many types of authority files both proprietary and open source.
Linda teaches an annual professional development workshop on Periodical/Database Indexing for Simmons College Graduate School of Library and Information Science which includes sections on controlled vocabularies and thesauri. In October 2014, she will launch a new workshop on all types of authority files, including personal names, corporate entities, geographic places, and subject terms or topics. She has a chapter on "Names in the Performing Arts" in Indexing Names edited by Noeline Bridge (2012) and a chapter "The Heart of the Matter: an Introduction to the Challenges of Periodical Indexing" in Index It Right! Advice from the Experts, Volume 3 edited by Enid L. Zafran (2014), both published by Information Today, Inc. of Medford, NJ.
ASI members, please log in to the website for member pricing.The webinar is $69 for non-members, and you will have long-term access to the replay.
After you purchase the webinar, return to this page, refresh your screen, and watch the replay immediately. | <urn:uuid:ca8ea099-7a71-4af4-8a1f-45bc542586f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.asindexing.org/webinars/name-authority-dunn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941939 | 582 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Wolves are able to follow a human's gaze
Following others' gaze direction is an important source of information that helps to detect prey or predators, to notice important social events within one's social group and to predict the next actions of others. As such, it is considered a key step towards an understanding of mental states, such as attention and intention.
Many animals will follow the gaze of others into distant space. Following a gaze around a barrier, which is considered to be a more cognitively advanced task, is much less common.
Their findings are published on Feb. 23 in the online journal PLoS ONE.
The researchers found that hand-raised wolves readily detoured an obstacle in order to check where a conspecific or human demonstrator was looking, indicating that gaze following around a barrier is not restricted to primates and corvids. The wolves, however, quickly stopped responding to repeated looks if they found nothing interesting on the other side of the barrier.
On the contrary, they did not habituate to repeated looks of a human demonstrator into distant space, supporting the idea that the two gaze following modalities have different underlying cognitive mechanisms. These new data shed light on the evolutionary origins of gaze following abilities and allow scientists to hypothesize about the selective pressures shaping such fine-tuned attentional coordination in social animals. | <urn:uuid:d480bc6d-dcc2-4926-989a-5a008522bd33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phys.org/news/2011-02-wolves-human.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945973 | 272 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Our Endangered Park Police?
President’s Letter – By Ginny Barnes
Our park system is a defining characteristic of Montgomery County and its vision. With 34,000 acres of nationally-recognized parkland, Montgomery County offers citizens a wide variety of green space, historic and cultural sites, recreational facilities, and diverse ecosystems. It is under the jurisdiction of Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Commission (MNCPPC), a bi-county agency chartered by the State of Maryland. There are obvious reasons for keeping such valuable assets out of the reach of elected politicians. In recent years several proposals have surfaced that appear to threaten the delicate balance of parks stewardship.
About two years ago, there was an attempt by the County Executive, sparked by an Office of Management and Budget Report and supported by Councilmember Marc Elrich to absorb Parks programming into the Recreation Department which is under the jurisdiction of the Executive Branch. Questions arose about the complicated relationship between park ownership and programs, particularly with facilities such as ball fields, ice rinks and tennis courts. Who would handle maintenance? How to separate out programming that was strictly recreational from that which also teaches stewardship of our parks? Who would control changes to facilities located within a larger park setting? There was public opposition. After being charged by the Council to at least find a solution to a confusing program delivery system, the Recreation Department and the Department of Parks worked closely together to streamline program registration and eliminate duplication. The merger effort was put aside.
Then budget discussions at the County Council in 2010 brought up a new idea. Merge the Park Police into the County Police Force. Like the recreation merger, this was billed as a cost saving measure. The issue was argued back and forth without definitive action. But County Executive Ike Leggett was convinced the police merger will save money and lead to better service, so he introduced legislation to the State Delegation in Annapolis. The first incarnation of the legislation requested far-reaching powers and was rejected by the Delegation, and a milder form of enabling legislation subsequently introduced by County Executive Leggett, and the second measure, proposed State Bill MC/PG 112-11. This would have empowered the County Council to make police merger decisions as well as eliminating a provision that currently sets aside a portion of property taxes for parks, thus providing an assured means of covering debt as well as buying and maintaining park property. The bill could have hurt MNCPPC’s bond rating and raised the interest rate they pay to borrow money.
Already unpopular with Prince George County, the Montgomery County Council was not convinced of the need for a merger, and Council President Valerie Ervin said the proposed legislation “over-reached” what was needed to simply enable such an action. At least five Council members opposed, several vigorously. Rejected by the very body it would have enabled, the legislation stood little chance in Annapolis, and County Executive Leggett has withdrawn the bill, vowing to bring it back again in the fall when State legislators return.
There is controversy and many questions. Is an unproved saving of $2 million out of a more than $4 billion county budget worth the logistical nightmare of joining two police forces with very different benefit packages, training and duties? Will our parks be less safe? Will parkland come closer to being under the control of government entities committed to creating more housing in a county reaching build-out? Will the proposed merger even produce any cost savings? There is no enthusiasm for the proposed merger among either of the affected workforces. Finally, by starting to blur the edges of park stewardship responsibilities, do we expose our treasured parks and green spaces to being reduced to political footballs by putting their fates and their budgets within the discretion of this and future County Executives?
WMCCA believes that since this issue is not going away. Since we have nearly ten percent of the total county parkland here in the Potomac Subregion, it is time we became acquainted with the full duties of Park Police and learn how they deal with issues of encroachment, public safety, and resource stewardship. The public is always welcome to attend our meetings. We look forward to seeing you March 9.
Planning and Zoning:
The Tavern at River Falls: WMCCA membership voted to support this project at the February General Meeting. WMCCAs Board reviewed the site plan and renderings with the architect, landlord and applicants attorney, and found the plan to be consistent with the current character of the shopping center. In our letter to the Planning Commission we noted the courtyard of the center is currently a popular gathering area. We are satisfied that the planned addition into this courtyard will not encroach on this community asset. We are also heartened by the landlords agreement to improve the loss of trees in the parking lot. We look forward to a lively and welcome addition to Potomac Village. The project is scheduled to go before the Planning Commission on March 10, 2011.
C&O Canal National Historic Park at Old Angler’s Inn: You may have noticed significant land disturbance along the road adjacent to Old Angler’s Inn and across the street on National Park property. The National Park Service has issued permits to construct four Potomac Interceptor sewer odor control structures. One of the four is located here. The odor control buildings require a water line that is being installed on the Old Angler’s side of MacArthur Boulevard. NPS decided to add public restrooms to the project since a water line was needed anyway. However, construction has been slowed by the discovery of extensive fill where foundations for the structures would be needed, and piers to support the foundations have been sunk to solid earth beneath the site.
About WMCCA: WMCCA is your umbrella civic voice for Potomac. We uphold the principles of our Master Plan to protect our low-density zoning, our two-lane and rustic road system and our plentiful environmental resources. We monitor development plans and shape policies that ensure we maintain our community as it was envisioned as the western residential green buffer to the Agricultural Reserve. With our abundant forests, wetlands, streams and parkland, we enjoy a quality of life unique in Montgomery County. WMCCA works to keep it that way. Please join us.
West Montgomery County Citizens Association Newsletter
P. O. Box 59335
Potomac, MD 20854-9335
President – Ginny Barnes 301 762-6423
Newsletter – Lois Williams
The Newsletter is published monthly, and the Board of Directors meets each month. We w
Check the web site for information on issues we are working on. | <urn:uuid:a1e6067d-d92a-4622-b227-a2e1d1b51cfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wmcca.org/2011/03/01/newsletter-march-2011/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965535 | 1,367 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Ages: 2.5-3 years
Ratio: 7 children to 1 teacher
Capacity when Full: 10-12 children
Tuition: $1,367 per month
About the Classroom:
The Owls classroom is a wonderful place for young ones to develop by exploring their emotions and learning to broaden their minds. We facilitate situations where the children can use their words to talk to friends and teachers, both in happy times or in frustrating, emotional times. We challenging their minds by trying new things with toys, clothes, food, or even at potty time. Imaginations run wild in the Owls room! We also encourage lots of fine motor skills and physical play to help get out energy and to practice using our hands in a positive way. We love music and dancing in our classroom. We also love goofy behavior to make everyone’s day a little more fun.
"This classroom is a loving and caring classroom. We go through the emotions with your children and ensure that they know they are safe, loved, and always have a teacher there to hear them out or give a hug."
The Owl classroom has four tables; two for eating and two for art and play. We have tons of toy options for the children to play with throughout the day, including doll house equipment, dress up items, cognitive toys, Legos, pegs, and H stackers. We have tons of cars and animal toys too! Our children also love playing with puzzles. There is a reading area with chairs and endless book options. We often have art supply set out for "free art" where children are able to make a creation using their own creativity using paper, crayons, markers, or using the chalk or paint easels. There is a small climber in our room that the kiddos use to explore gross body movements like jumping and crawling under.
Owls room teachers don't limit play to toys and objects. We love imagination games like hide and seek, red light/green light, or Simon Says. Throughout the day, children are always welcome to skip an activity, weather it’s a structured activity or a free range activity, and find their own way of playing.
An Owl's Day:
Drop-off and Table play
During drop off we have tables set up with activities to draw the Owls into the room and make a smooth transition into the day.
We incorporate breakfast into our table play and children continue to work on their puzzles and finish their art creations.
Following breakfast we do diapers and potty time
Free range play precedes lunch. Some Owls will move to new activities while others may choose to stay at the tables. It's entirely up to the individual!
Lunch is served around 11:15. Owls practice using utensils and cups.
After lunch we have diapers/potty time and then begin to calm our bodies
Owls nap on cots in the classroom and help setup for nap which helps them understand the transition.
Books may be read to facilitate relaxation.
After nap time we eat a snack and continue to explore our room and playground until pickup.
While the Owls wait for parents they are either free playing, reading books, or chatting it up with teachers.
Gain practice doing tasks independently.
Learning how to work through big emotions.
Open ended play to promote creativity and imagination building.
Toilet awareness and potty training.
Practice using utensils.
Balance and coordination through dance and play. | <urn:uuid:d0b26e0d-7e01-4d2f-811d-edf62e4bdddf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bdlc.org/owls | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947491 | 792 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Your application client secret is stored encrypted so we cannot retrieve the unencrypted version to tell you the value if you forget it.
You can reset it, which will update the stored value and return the new value to you.
To do that click 'Apps' in the main menu, click on the application in question and then you can click the 'Reset' link in the 'Client Secret' section.
Your new secret will be displayed at the top of the page.
A plan is collection of API resources or subsets of resources from one or more API. A plan can contain a mixture of HTTP GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE verbs from different APIs or it can contain all the GET verbs from various APIs. A plan can have a common rate limit for all the resources or each resource can have a different rate limit. Rate limits specify how many requests an application is allowed to make during a specified time interval.
Use this Developer Portal to browse the different plans that are available to you and select a plan that is most suitable for your requirements. Some plans have restricted access that you must request access to use. When you submit your request, the organization is notified, the API administrator assesses your request and they might contact you for more details. Other plans are available to use straight away.
When you add an application you are provided with a client ID and client secret for the application. You must supply the client ID when you call an API that requires you to identify your application by using a client ID, or a client ID and client secret.
To register an application click on Apps in the main menu and then click on the 'Register an application' link. Once you have provided an application name, description, etc you will be shown your application client ID and client secret.
Make a note of your client secret because it is only displayed once. You must supply the client secret when you call an API that requires you to identify your application by using a Client ID and Client secret.
The numbers of requests, for different APIs, that your application has made are shown on your application page.
Click 'Apps' in the main menu and then click on your application. Under 'Subscribed Plans' you will see all plans your application is subscribed to.
For each API contained in that plan you can see the usage compared to the rate limit of the plan.
It is possible to test an API from this Developer Portal.
When looking at the details of an API you will see a table of the operations contained in the API. This will show what method they are (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, HEAD or OPTIONS) and what path the Resource uses.
If you click on the Resource you will see more information about it, what parameters it might take, what it returns, what possible return codes it might use and what they mean.
There is also a 'Try' button which enables you to try the Resource out direct from the Developer Portal.
If the API requires a client ID or a client secret for identification then you can specify these at the top of the 'Try' section. | <urn:uuid:bba27803-0aa8-4380-a1bf-abedfb7a7f45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://developer.groupe-psa.com/inc/faq-page | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.883821 | 643 | 1.640625 | 2 |
If you’re teaching children, why not think about organising an end of year show? Probably in the class you’re already using songs and poems, chants or rhymes and maybe dramatising the simpler stories from the coursebook. A sequence of these activities can be put together and developed into the show, each class maybe doing two or three short items.
Asking the children to work towards a show has several objectives :
- Repeating the songs, poems etc that you’ve worked on during the year means revising the whole of the course prior to the holidays.
- The activity of organising and performing the show allows each child to contribute depending on his or her own abilities. The strongest student in the most advanced group may be the obvious choice for the announcer or the leading part in one of the dramatisations. But another student who is linguistically weaker may have a lovely voice and be able to sing a solo line in one of the songs. Or may be able to play a short recorder piece as “mood” music during a “silent” scene in a dramatisation. Or do a dance. Or may be a great mask maker.
- General educational objectives : the children have a concrete final product to work towards. They learn that reaching that objective means collaboration and effort – but that this effort can be enjoyable, stimulating and rewarding.
- Performing increases the children’s general self confidence as well as their confidence in their ability to express themselves in English, motivating them towards their future studies.
- And last but not least, because it’s a way of involving the parents and showing them what their children have achieved. Even parents like me who can’t sew a button on straight suddenly become wizard and highly motivated costume makers when it’s a matter of their children’s school shows, and may also well be willing to give up a couple of hours to help produce the scenery and backdrops. | <urn:uuid:83f1c1d3-1bd1-409e-ab49-2cfbbba991c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eltnotebook.blogspot.com/2006/11/end-of-course-show.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.966257 | 407 | 3.390625 | 3 |
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We have that one posted on a bulletin board outside the hall. It might be
funny if it weren't so true.
The problem of SOA is that abstract concepts not grounded in pricelist
technologies lead to an infinite set of points on a line where each point is
a cost. The more you measure, the higher the cost.
The SOA RM obligates the business/sales organization to create a business
model of each business type as a set of composite services that are then
implemented or mapped to physical web services (or Howie carrying buckets
of snail mail from room to room).
As useful as the RM is at defining the terminology, it doesn't help explain
to a customer, say, the distinctions between data warehousing and peer to
peer services, or in other words, real Business Intelligence systems vs.
massively indexed search services.
One wishes it were like a Mexican restaurant where there are fifty items
on the menu made of six fast to cook cheap ingredients. Unfortunately,
it is exactly the reverse so all of the initial risks are assumed by the
vendor using the SOA RM as a basis for an RFP.
From: Paul Downey [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.org]
On 10 Jan 2006, at 17:18, Michael Champion wrote:
> So, "web services" are a set of architecturally-neutral
> technologies, whereas "service architectures" are a technologically
> neutral design principles.
As much as I like this distinction, both terms are essentially | <urn:uuid:334c4ec0-84aa-4fc7-962b-f315807756a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lists.xml.org/archives/xml-dev/200601/msg00181.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921298 | 386 | 1.804688 | 2 |
In 2016, the global dietary supplements market was worth $132.8 billion, and by 2022, it is expected to reach $222.3 billion, representing an 8.8% growth. As such, numerous merchants are getting in on the vitamins and nutritional supplements industry, but those who don’t secure the right shipping and fulfillment services may not be as successful as they’d like. Here are some of the reasons why these services are crucial to your success.
Accuracy is Everything
When it comes to vitamins and supplements, accuracy is critical. For some people, taking the wrong supplement – or the wrong dose of the right supplement – can be dangerous, if not fatal. For this reason, it is very important that the products you sell are packaged correctly. If you put the wrong product into the box, this can cause some serious issues for the buyer. The best way to ensure accuracy is to hire an expert shipping and fulfillment partner with experience in this industry. They will check and double-check the order to ensure that the right vitamin or supplement (at the right dose) goes to the right people at the right times.
Product Quality and Climate Control
Something else to consider is that many vitamins and supplements must be kept at a very specific temperature range in order to keep their intended potency and effect. Studies on the effects of heat on vitamins show that they lose effectiveness and begin to break down much more quickly when exposed to heat, and in some cases, overly-degraded supplements can be unsafe. For example, people who rely on a specific vitamin due to a deficiency need the full potency of that vitamin, and if yours were improperly stored, they won’t get it. Again, shipping and fulfillment services are also responsible for warehousing, so choose one with the best possible climate control for your supplements.
Numerous people have vitamin and mineral deficiencies, so they rely on their shipments arriving in a timely manner to keep them healthy and/or comfortable. If shipments take far longer than customers anticipate, it can cause them to have serious health issues. Someone who has anemia, for example, should never run out of their iron supplement; doing so may result in serious injury and even hospitalization. You must choose a fulfillment partner that can get your orders into buyers’ hands within a reasonable amount of time.
Your Reputation is at Stake
If your accuracy, product quality, or timeliness is questionable, it can cause some serious issues for your reputation as a business, even if nobody gets sick or misses a shipment. This is the age of instant gratification, and while many people do not mind waiting a few business days for a shipment, they simply can’t tolerate errors, products that aren’t effective, or products they didn’t even order.
If you want to ensure that your vitamin and supplement business is a success, you must ensure accuracy, product quality, and timely shipment to bolster your reputation as a seller. The best way to do this is with a trusted shipping and fulfillment partner with years of expertise in the industry. | <urn:uuid:5da8cb3e-b6a1-48e0-96f8-e436d09f8da5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myfulfillmentcompany.com/vitamins-nutritional-supplements-shipping-fulfillment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960094 | 632 | 1.71875 | 2 |
This beautiful vibrantly colored goldstone is perfect as both an ornamental piece and a protective stone. Specks of gold dust illuminate the stone’s polished brilliance.
As an energy stone, goldstone is able to help one achieve one’s aspirations, stabilize one’s emotions, and generate energy. Goldstone also contains the metaphysical properties of copper: the objects are able to strengthen the circulatory system, strengthen bones, and reduce arthritic symptoms.
Red goldstone is essential in increasing vitality and energy. Blue goldstone is associated with learning and communication. Green goldstone is representative of growth and abundance.
The red goldstone tumbled stone is grade A and big size (thick). Each gemstone is approx. 1". | <urn:uuid:1c2dc478-6adf-4829-a46e-43c175184e56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.opentip.com/Feng-Shui-Import-Goldstone-Tumbled-Polished-Natural-Stone-4544-p-6006165.html?ad=rc_related | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.918126 | 154 | 1.625 | 2 |
Does BatBot need batteries?
Battery installation is required. Requires two AAA batteries for remote control (not included) and six AA batteries for Batbot (included).
How does the imaginext BatBot work?
With a turn of a Power Pad, the BatBot goes into flight mode, and kids can then move the robot to save Gotham City. With the turn of a Power Pad, the BatBot will transform into its flight mode, and with the squeeze of a trigger, the arms come forward and the BatBot is ready to roll into action!
What does the Batman robot do?
It’s a Batbot. Kids can use it to make him go forward, backward, turn or make the awesome transformation to Bat Tank—along with lights, sounds and speech, like ‘Bat Bot en route’ and lots more! On the Bat Tank, there’s a blaster with four disks to launch at any Gotham City villain.
How do you open the Wings on the BatBot?
Squeeze the triggers on the back of the Batbot to give those bad guys a super-charged, one-two punch. Turn the Power Pad on the robot’s left shoulder to open the chest to reveal the hidden elevator that will take Batman up to the cockpit, where he can launch a counterattack.
What does the Batbot Xtreme do?
The Imaginext® DC Super Friends™ Batbot Xtreme is the ULTIMATE toy for Batman fans. With extendable wings, multiple projectile launchers, a hidden Batcycle, a voice changer, and real punching fists, your young Super Hero will have a blast defending Gotham City™ from all sorts of evil Super-Villain attacks!
What is Imaginex?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Imaginext System is a brand of role-playing, adventure toys designed for kids 3 or older made by Mattel, as part of their Fisher-Price brand.
What is bat bot?
The Bat Bot weighs only 93 grams and is shaped like a bat with a roughly one-foot wingspan. It is capable of altering its wing shape by flexing, extending, and twisting at its shoulders, elbows, wrists, and legs.
Did they stop making imaginext?
Discontinued Imaginext Sets Over time, sets are discontinued as new toys are introduced.
What are imaginext toys?
The Imaginext System is a brand of role-playing, adventure toys designed for kids 3 or older made by Mattel, as part of their Fisher-Price brand.
How do you beat a Batbot?
Approximately 4 rounds in, one of the Bat Bots will yell “Behind you!” and turn into the Bat. You have four rounds to defeat the Bat and once you do, the other bot will turn into the Bat around 4 rounds later. Once again, you have four rounds to beat him and then you’re done.
How are bats different from birds?
Bats have jaw bones with sharp teeth, and birds have beaks and no teeth. Bats are the only mammals capable of flight. Birds have stiff, feathered wings, and their different shapes, lengths, and plumage provide flight advantages to different species.
When does a BatBox do not output energy?
Do not output energy – The BatBox will not output energy if there is a redstone current present. Do not output energy unless full – The BatBox will not output energy unless it is full while there is a redstone current present.
What makes a BatBox in feed the Beast?
The BatBox is also a common temporary energy storage device for players that have just started a new world. This is often because it is reasonably easy to craft early-game. The BatBox is created with 3 RE-Batteries, a piece of Tin Cable, and 5 wood planks.
Which is the output face of a BatBox?
When placed down, the BatBox will have a dot facing the direction of the player; this is the output face of the BatBox. It can be rotated using a Wrench as well as removed with it. Right-clicking on the BatBox will bring up the interface for the device.
How do you charge a BatBox in IndustrialCraft 2?
Right-clicking on the BatBox will bring up the interface for the device. The upper empty slot near the middle will charge batteries and tools placed in that are compatible with IndustrialCraft 2, while the bottom slot will drain these items. The meter on the right displays the charge level of the BatBox as well as it’s output voltage. | <urn:uuid:9700d2eb-8d8e-4cd0-bfd5-250a9e4a2c3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookriff.com/does-batbot-need-batteries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.926171 | 962 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Everyone knows that fruits have numerous health benefits and they are an important dietary component. But did you know that when used topically, fruits can also offer numerous beautifying benefits for your hair? Fruits are rich in essential vitamins and minerals that can work wonders for your hair and scalp health. Don’t believe us? Check out these super fruits and the beauty benefits they offer along with easy DIY hacks that are sure to reserve a spot in your haircare routine.
Bananas are one of the best natural sources of vitamins A, B, C and E, biotin, and minerals, such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium. Biotin deficiency can cause hair to start thinning and since bananas are rich in this vitamin complex it is a great fruit to add thickness and lustre to the mane. Bananas are extremely nourishing and therefore can work as a great conditioner that will treat dry hair and split ends to achieve smooth manageable locks. Vitamin A found in this fruit can help increase sebum secretion on the scalp which is ideal for dry scalp condition as it will maintain the right pH balance and keep the scalp moisturised.
Mash up a banana with a fork in a bowl and mix three tablespoons of olive oil to make a smooth paste. Apply this mixture to the scalp and hair and leave it on for 45 minutes after which you can wash it off with a mild shampoo and conditioner. This is the best remedy for a dry scalp, and highly suitable for frizzy or curly hair.
Create a smooth paste out of one mashed banana and a tablespoon each of honey and coconut oil. Massage this into your scalp and hair and then wrap your hair with a damp hot towel. Let this au naturel moisturising hair wrap work its magic for 30 minutes and then rinse it off with shampoo and conditioner.
Antioxidant-rich papayas contain vitamins A, B, and C, and minerals such as magnesium and potassium, which are essential for a healthy body, and when there is a deficiency one starts to experience hair fall. Potassium is also known to help hair growth when consumed or used topically, making papayas great to combat hair fall issues. Vitamin A works as a great hair and scalp conditioner making it a must-use fruit for dry scalp conditions and frizzy tresses. Folic acid, also present in papaya, stimulates blood circulation in the scalp and the high water content in this fruit helps keep the hair hydrated for longer. Alpha hydroxy acids offer exfoliating benefits to clear the scalp of impurities and dirt effectively. These benefits make this fruit an essential natural ingredient for people with dry scalp, dandruff, and frizzy hair conditions.
Make a pulp of half a papaya and add three tablespoons of yoghurt, add to a bowl and mix. Apply the mixture to hair and scalp and let it sit for 45 minutes. This mask will help treat dandruff and flaky scalp.
Mix six tablespoons papaya pulp with three tablespoons of coconut oil and massage it into scalp and hair. Let it absorb for 30 minutes and then rinse off. This will promote hair growth and add lustre to the mane.
This fruit is loaded with vitamin C, which helps get rid of dandruff, thanks to its antibacterial properties and keeps scalp clear and healthy. It also contains vitamin E which is a great moisturising agent that also promotes hair growth as it improves blood circulation in the scalp. Folic acid present in the fruit also aids hair growth.
“Orange Essential Oil is renowned for its soothing and aromatic properties. With invigorating and purifying benefits, it helps promote a healthy scalp,” says hair experts at Rene Furterer.
For a pre-shampoo conditioning treatment, mix equal parts of orange juice and olive oil, and massage it into your scalp and hair. This will work to clean the scalp while offering it intense moisture therefore treating dandruff effectively.
For a deep conditioning hair mask, mix two tablespoons yoghurt with six tablespoons of orange juice and a teaspoon of honey. Apply it to hair and scalp, and let it sit for 45 minutes and then rinse with a mild shampoo.
Also read: 5 Fruits That Fight Acne And Give You Gorgeous Skin
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There are a lot of tedious steps, but once finished it is fairly simple:
Plate tectonics is a unifying framework for understanding the dynamic geology of the Earth. The theory posits that the outermost layers of the Earth (the crust and uppermost mantle) make up the brittle lithosphere of the Earth. The lithosphere is broken up into a number of thin plates, which move on top of the asthenosphere (middle mantle). The asthenosphere is solid, but flows plastically over geologic time scales. Plate interiors are relatively stable, and most of the tectonic action (earthquakes, volcanism) takes place where plates meet – where they collide at convergent boundaries, move away from one another at divergent boundaries, or slide past one another at transform boundaries.
Reconstructions of the Earth’s tectonic plate locations through time are available, for example, at:
http://www.scotese.com/newpage13.htm (Links to an external site.)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html (Links to an external site.)
But how do we define plates and plate boundaries? On what are plate reconstructions and animations based? How do we know plates are moving, how can we track their positions in the past, and how can we predict their positions in the future?
To answer these questions, this assignment guides you through an examination of patterns on Earth – the topography of the earth’s surface above sea level, the bathymetry of the ocean floor below sea level, and the distribution of earthquakes and volcanic rock ages. These patterns reveal plate boundaries, just as they did for geologists first developing plate tectonic theory in the 1960s. You’ll then use geologic data to determine long-term average plate motions, to predict how our dynamic planet will change in the future.
To do this, you’ll use the program Google Earth, and Google Earth layers compiled from various sources.
A. Getting started with Google Earth
Once the DynamicEarth.kmz is loaded, click and drag to move it from “Temporary Places” to “My Places.” Then save “My Places” by clicking File/Save/Save My Places. DynamicEarth.kmz will now be available every time you open Google Earth Pro on your computer.
When you exit, Google Earth Pro should save “My Places” for the next time.
But you should manually save “My Places” whenever you make significant changes to it, as Google Earth Pro does not autosave during a session.
You now have an interactive view of the Earth! Take some time to explore the Earth with Google Earth and figure out how the navigation works using the keyboard, your touch pad, your mouse. For example:
Expand and contract the folders and subfolders, turn various items on and off, etc. For example, with the Dynamic Earth/Volcanoes of the World layer displayed, right-clicking on a volcano (double-clicking with a Mac) brings up an information box about it.
B. Topographic Patterns
Uncheck all of the layers and focus on topographic features of the Earth.
Topography of the earth ABOVE sea level
Topography of the earth BELOW sea level
We are all relatively familiar with the topography of the Earth’s surface above sea level, but less so with the bathymetry of the Earth below sea level. Before this was known, most people assumed that the seafloor was relatively flat and featureless, and personal experience with lakes and rivers suggested that the deepest part would be in the middle. Actual mapping of the sea floor, however, showed some surprises.
Such mapping began in the 1930’s but accelerated during World War II with the advent of submarine warfare. Princeton Geosciences Professor Harry Hess played a pivotal role; as captain of the USS Cape Johnson he used the ship’s echo-sounder to “ping” the seafloor and measure depth as the ship traversed the Pacific Ocean between battles. After the war, this data led him to propose seafloor spreading, a process crucial to the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
Modern methods to measure bathymetry include multi-beam echo sounders that map a wide swath of seafloor, and satellite measurement of variations in sea level due to variations in gravitational pull over bathymetric features – sea level is slightly lower over low spots on the sea floor and slightly higher over high spots.
On Google Earth, the bathymetry is shown in shades of blue: the darker the blue, the greater the depth. You can get Google Earth Pro to draw topographic profiles by a) using the “Add Path” tool to draw a path across a region of interest; b) saving that path to My Places and c) right-clicking on the path in My Places and choosing “Show Elevation Profile.” In order to see a bathymetric profile of the sea floor, (as opposed to a topographic profile on land), there is one more important step to take. In the information box for the path you create, click on “Altitude”, and then choose “clamped to the sea floor” instead of “clamped to the ground”. Otherwise your profile will simply show you a flat line for the sea surface.
C. Seismic Patterns
An earthquake is a vibration of Earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as an abrupt breaking of rock along planar fractures called faults.
Earthquakes originate at a point called the focus (or hypocenter) which is not at the surface of the earth, but instead at some depth within the earth. The epicenter of an earthquake is the point directly above the focus on either the land surface or seafloor; the depth of an earthquake has nothing to do with water depth, but instead is the depth in the solid earth from epicenter to focus.
Only rocks that are cold and brittle (the earth’s lithosphere) can be broken in earthquakes. Rocks that are hot and ductile will stretch and deform slowly over time without breaking (the earth’s asthenosphere) – and thus do not produce earthquakes. So observing where earthquakes occur, both horizontally and with depth, tells us something about where stress is concentrated, and also about the material properties of the earth.
Expand the Lab 1/Earthquakes item and click “on” the “Twenty years of large earthquakes” layer to show the epicenters of large earthquakes (those with magnitudes >= 6.0) during a 20-year period.
|In the vicinity of ridges.
(Scan 1500km or so on either side)
|In the vicinity of trenches.
(Scan ~1500 or so km on either side)
|Describe the depth or range of depths of earthquakes, and the distribution (symmetric or asymmetric?)
Is there any pattern to the depth distribution?
D. Volcano Patterns
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s surface through which melted rock (magma), volcanic ash and/or gases escape from the interior of the Earth.
E. Plate Boundaries
The theory of plate tectonics holds that the Earth’s lithosphere is broken into a finite number of jigsaw puzzle-like pieces, or plates, which more relative to one another over a plastically-deforming (but still solid) asthenosphere. The boundaries between plates are marked by active tectonic features such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges and there is (relatively) little tectonic activity in the middle of plates.
Unclick all the layers, and then click on the “plate boundary model” layer (click the box to show it and then click the + or arrow to expand the legend). This shows plate boundaries and the names of major plates.
Find the boundary between the African and South American plates
Travel westward across the South American plate to its boundary with the Nazca plate
F. Plate motion
Motion across the mid-Atlantic ridge: the South American plate vs. the African plate
Turn on the “Seafloor age” and the “Plate Boundary” Google Earth (GE) layers. The “Seafloor age” layer shows the ages of volcanic rocks that have erupted and cooled to form the ocean floor. Focus on the Atlantic Ocean. Note that the age bands generally run parallel to the spreading ridges. Seafloor age is a critical piece of evidence for plate tectonics; these are used to reconstruct how ocean basins have developed over time and predict how they may evolve in the future.
G. Putting it all together:
Prepare a report documenting this lab activity. Your report should discuss how plate tectonic theory relates to earthquakes, volcanoes, and the bathymetry (sea floor topography) of oceans. Along the way, include answers to all of the questions in this lab. Your paper should be accompanied by the two drawings of your ocean floor profile sketches in questions 3 and 4. Your paper should be well organized and written in flowing paragraph form, instead of just a numbered list of questions and answers. Use APA format, including a title page, and citing and referencing any sources that you use to support your work, apart from this lab sheet | <urn:uuid:69b0e59d-bf80-4dbc-b425-9ed734de8940> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crucialpaper.com/colorado-state-university-global-campus-plate-tectonics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.911137 | 1,994 | 4.6875 | 5 |
An emergency stash of savings is a must for heading off financial rainy days but if you don’t have one yet, you’re not alone. A Bankrate survey published earlier this year found that just 38% of Americans are equipped to handle the occasional money mishap, such as a car repair or an unexpected visit to the doctor.
This can be an even bigger problem if you’re trying to pay off debt. When you’re focused on paying off high interest credit cards or getting rid of student loans, saving money may be the last thing on your mind. The downside of forgoing building your emergency fund as you tackle debt is that it leaves you wide open to financial trouble if an unexpected expense creeps up.
Finding a way to build your savings as you knock out those debt balances is a balancing act but it’s not impossible. Knowing what steps to take allows you to do both without falling short of either goal.
Set your emergency fund target
A healthy emergency fund covers you in the event of a job loss, sudden illness or other financial catastrophe where you’d need to tap into some extra cash. Keeping your savings in a separate account and making your deposits automatic are the easiest ways to grow your balance.
The first step in saving for emergencies is deciding how much money you need to get started. The financial pros suggest having anywhere from three to eight months’ worth of expenses saved, but your ideal number may be more or less than that. How you answer these 5 questions can help you determine how big your emergency cushion needs to be:
1. What’s the bare minimum needed to cover my monthly expenses?
In the worst-case scenario, your emergency fund should be sufficient to pay all of your bills if something major happened like a job loss or an injury that prevented you from working for an extended period of time. Figuring out exactly what you’d need to get by for a month is a good starting point for settling on an emergency savings goal.
When you’re adding up your expenses, focus on those things that would need to be paid first. That includes your rent or mortgage payment, utility payments and insurance. From there, you can add on things like groceries and gas. If you have debt, you’d also want to factor in your payments for that but you wouldn’t include extras that you could do without, such as entertainment or dining out.
If your monthly nut isn’t that big and you could find ways to cut your costs even further if you needed to, then a smaller emergency fund may be sufficient. Three months’ worth of expenses is a good baseline and if you’re already living below your means it’s usually not too difficult to save that amount in a relatively short span of time.
2. Am I the only person I need to support?
When you’re single, it’s easier to keep your overhead costs fairly low since you can directly control all of your expenses. If you’re married or have kids, the cost of maintaining a household is exponentially higher. As a result, your emergency fund typically needs to be a bit bigger to accommodate the added expense of taking care of multiple people.
Increasing your emergency savings to cover six months’ of expenses is a wise move, especially if you’re the sole breadwinner. If both you and your spouse work, having that added savings can help your income stretch even further if one of you ends up out of a job temporarily. Single parents would also want to use six months’ worth of savings as the minimum for building their emergency fund since there’s no second income to fall back on.
3. How quickly could I find a new job if I had to?
According to the Bureau of Labor, the average unemployment period lasts for nearly 31 weeks. That means for someone who’s been laid off or let go for any reason, they’re looking at close to an eight month stretch before they find a new position.
Building your emergency fund to the point where it covers eight months’ worth of expenses is a lofty goal but whether you need to go that route depends not only on your expenses and family situation but your professional background as well. If you work in a field where jobs are plentiful and you’re well-qualified to work in a number of positions, the odds of finding a new gig sooner rather than later are likely to be good. When that’s the case, an eight month emergency fund might be overkill.
On the other hand, if you’re self-employed or openings are scarce in your particular industry, finding something comparable to your old job may be more difficult. In that scenario, eight months of expenses would be necessary to hedge your bets in case you can’t find something right away. You might even consider bumping it up to 12 months just to be on the safe side.
4. Do I have any back-up sources of income?
When you’re gauging the ideal size for your emergency fund, you need to factor in what other sources of income would be available if you wound up out of a job or unable to work. For example, if you’re eligible for unemployment that could bring in a few hundred dollars a week to help fill the gap.
You should also consider any investments you own that could generate some income. If you hold a substantial amount of stock, for instance, that’s something you could sell if you needed to. You’d likely have to pay taxes on the earnings but it’s an option you could turn to in a pinch.
The key is to look at every possible opportunity for bringing in money. Starting a side hustle, picking up freelancing work or selling off things around the house on eBay can generate some income so you don’t drain your emergency fund too quickly. The more creative you can be about finding alternatives to pay the bills, the less money you can get away with having in emergency savings.
5. Could I use credit if my savings fall short?
Using a credit card or home equity line isn’t an ideal replacement for an emergency fund, but it’s still an option worth thinking about if you haven’t been able to save a huge amount of money yet. The biggest drawbacks of using credit for emergency expenses is having to pay interest on whatever you charge, which can take a bigger bite out of your wallet in the long run.
The other issue to keep in mind is whether you’ll be able to make the payments on the debt until your income gets back on track. With a home equity line, the repayment terms are usually pretty lenient and you may even be able to get by with paying just the interest each month at the outset. Credit card companies, on the other hand, typically require you to pay 1 to 2 percent of the balance each month at a minimum.
Consider your comfort level
A three-month emergency fund may be plenty to cover your expenses but that won’t matter if you’d sleep better at night knowing you had six months’ worth of savings stashed away instead. The final and perhaps most important thing to factor in when choosing the size of your emergency fund is what you really need to feel financially secure when a rainy day comes along.
Once you’re set on how much you need to save, the next step is to figure out the time frame for saving it.
For example, let’s say your expenses come to $3,000 a month and you want to build a three-month emergency fund. Your goal is to save the whole $9,000 over the course of two years. That breaks down to $375 a month you’ll need to set aside to hit your mark. Now that you’ve got a solid number to work with, you can begin looking for ways to tweak your budget to accommodate saving, even if you are trying to pay off debt at the same time.
5 Painless Ways to Build an Emergency Fund
1. Make your debt less expensive
If you’re paying 10, 15 or even 20 percent on some of your debts, that’s going to significantly slow down your progress when it comes to clearing the balances. It can also affect how quickly you’re able to save if you’re having to pay extra on the debt to combat the high interest rates.
Knocking off some of the interest makes it easier to get rid of the debt so you can free up extra cash to save. There are a couple of different ways to reduce your rates, starting with a zero interest balance transfer. At a minimum, card issuers are required to extend zero interest offers for six months but some cards give you up to 18 months to pay it off before the regular rate kicks in. Just keep in mind you’ll have to pay anywhere from two to five percent to make the transfer.
Another option is to consolidate your credit cards or other debts into a home equity line of credit. This is a good alternative if you’ve got equity in your home and you’re not able to take advantage of a balance transfer. Rolling your debts onto a home equity line does mean you’ll pay interest but it’s usually at a much lower rate compared to a credit card and it may reduce your overall monthly payment. If you’re paying less on your debt, you can redirect the extra money to your savings temporarily until your emergency account is fully funded.
2. Use Windfalls Wisely
The average tax refund for 2015 was just over $3,000, which is a decent sum of money when you’re trying to increase your emergency fund or pay off debt. The longer you take to decide how you want to spend your refund, the more interest you’ll pay on the debt and the longer it takes to save. Splitting the difference is the easiest solution and it gets you a little closer to both goals.
[inline-ad]The same goes if you get a raise at work. Instead of letting the extra money be absorbed into your budget, which is what inevitably happens when you suddenly find yourself getting a bigger paycheck, you can put it to work by halving it between your debt and savings. Even if it’s only a few dollars every pay period, it can make a significant difference in how quickly you make progress.
Any time you get extra cash that you’re not expecting, you should resist the temptation to spend it and aim to save it instead. That goes for windfalls large and small, whether it’s a $5,000 tax refund, a 5% pay raise or a $20 birthday check from your grandma. If you’re willing to get a little creative, you can even create mini-windfalls of your own without a lot of effort.
For example, let’s say you’ve budgeted $75 for your weekly grocery shopping trip but one week you only spend $72. Since the extra $3 is already accounted for in your budget, you have the option to go ahead and spend it or you could use it add to your emergency fund. If you apply the same rule to all of your monthly expenses you can easily add a dollar here and a dollar there to your savings as long as you stick to your monthly spending plan.
3. Change Your Witholding
Speaking of taxes, If you normally get a tax refund back every April that means you’re paying too much in taxes during the year. That’s effectively the equivalent of giving the government an interest-free loan. Adjusting your tax withholding with your employer can put some money back into your paycheck, which you can then funnel into your emergency savings account.
Before you make any changes to your withholding, you need to make sure that you’ll still be covering your tax liability. Otherwise, you could end up owing Uncle Sam big money at tax time. Plugging your income, exemptions, deductions and filing status into the IRS Withholding Calculator can give you an idea of how much you need to have taken out each pay period.
Once you figure out what the appropriate amount is, you’ll just have to fill out a new W-4 with your employer to complete the change. Even if adjusting your withholding only nets you a few extra dollars to save a month, that’s money you’re not having to carve out of your budget to add to your emergency fund.
4. Cash in on credit card rewards
Using a rewards credit card to pay for things is a smart move as long as you’re paying the balance off in full each month to avoid interest. Some cards offer points or miles but others offer cash back. That’s basically free money you can use to pad your emergency account.
If you’re shopping around for a cash back card, there are a few things you need to pay attention to. First, there’s the rewards structure itself. Certain cards allow you to earn more cash back when you spend in specific categories while others pay a flat rate on everything you charge. Ideally, you want to pick a card that allows you to maximize the cash back you’re earning based on your spending style.
Next, you need to look at the interest rate and fees. Assuming you don’t plan to carry a balance, the interest rate may not be that important, but you don’t want to choose a card that charges you a high annual fee. If you don’t use it that often, the fee can easily negate any rewards you might be earning.
5. Negotiate lower payments
If you think that all of your monthly bills are set in stone, you may be missing out on opportunities to add to your emergency fund. Taking the time to call up all the companies that you pay money to each month to ask for a better deal is well worth it if it creates some wiggle room in your budget.
For instance, if your account is in good standing and you’ve been a loyal customer for years your credit card company may be willing to cut you a deal on your interest rate. You may also be able to get a concession from your insurance company or utility service providers if you’ve always paid on time.
If you run into someone who’s not willing to budge, that’s a sign that you need to shop around to find a better deal. Changing over your car insurance or cell phone plan takes a little work on your part but it can pay off if the end result means you’re spending less and saving more each month.
6. Switch to a new bank
Banks make money by charging customers fees, which can work against you when you’re trying to save. If you end up getting hit with the occasional overdraft fee or being penalized for failing to maintain a minimum balance that’s less money you have to add to your emergency fund. Moving your accounts to a bank without as much red tape can eliminate the problem.
In terms of being the most fee-friendly, online banks usually have the edge over brick and mortar banks because they have fewer overhead costs to pass on to the customer. The drawback of going online, however, is that there’s no branch to go to when you need one. That can be an issue if you have to make a big cash deposit or you need something that requires a banker’s signature, like applying for a loan or having documents notarized.
Taking the time to compare what’s available can help you find the bank that’s the best fit. Just be sure to review the fee schedule carefully to look for any special requirements or hidden charges that could make the move more expensive.
As you can see, growing your emergency fund doesn’t always require making huge financial sacrifices. Rather than revamping your entire budget, you may be able to bump up your savings just by looking for extra money that’s right under your nose.
Start small with your emergency fund
If you are dealing with an overwhelming amount of debt, or even if you just unsure of where to start, looking for extra money in your budget to save may seem like an insurmountable task. If all you have to work with is $10 or $20 a week, you may think it’s not even worth it to try. But, you shouldn’t give up. Those small amounts will add up over time and it helps you to build the savings habit.
Once you’re able to cross another debt off the list, that’s more money you have to attack the next one and add to your savings at the same time. The key is to get the ball rolling, even if you’re just nickel and diming it at first. Seeing your debt balances go down and your savings balance increase can be all the motivation you need to keep going.
Even though experts recommend having three to six months’ worth of expenses tucked away for emergencies, that can be a daunting goal to work towards when you’re starting from zero. Aiming for $500 or $1,000 instead is less intimidating and it can be done in a relatively short period of time. If you’re ready to jumpstart your savings, here are four tips for establishing a decent cash cushion in under a month:
1. Trim the fat
Coming up with the money to build your emergency fund may be easier than you think. In fact, it could be right under your nose but you have to be willing to look for it.
Your first stop for finding the cash is your monthly budget. If you’re not using a budget to track your income and spending, you need to get one pronto. The Internet is full of free and inexpensive budgeting spreadsheets you can use or you can always let an app like Mint do the work for you.
When you’re looking at your budget, take a look at the most obvious places you can cut back on first. For example, do you really need to spend $150 a month on that deluxe cable package when you rarely watch TV? Can you eat at home every night instead of going out?
Once you’ve eliminated non-essentials, go back a second time and look at those expenses that are more or less fixed to see if it’s possible to whittle them down.
For example, you may be able to score a better deal on your car insurance by moving to a different insurer.
When you’re in debt, making it less expensive can free up some extra cash you can put towards your emergency fund. If you’ve got student loans, consider refinancing them, which can reduce your rate and your monthly payment. Refinancing your mortgage is another option if you think you can get a better rate.
Finally, skim your budget for those sneaky smaller expenses that drain away extra money you could be saving. That includes things like magazine subscriptions, banking fees and recurring charges for “trial” subscriptions that have expired. Since your goal is to get an emergency fund together in 30 days or less, you need to be as ruthless with your budget as possible.
2. Boost your income
Cutting back on what you’re spending is a step in the right direction towards building your emergency fund but it shouldn’t be your only focus. Taking action to increase the amount of money you’re making over the next month is another important part of the puzzle.
So how do you go about beefing up your paycheck? For starters, you could ask for a raise. Whether or not you’ll be successful, however, really depends on how long you’ve been at your job, what your track record is and what your employer’s policy is on raises.
A less challenging option is to simply step up the number of hours you’re working. Keep in mind, however, that this only works if you’re paid by the hour versus being a salaried employee. In that case, you’d need to look into a part-time job to bring in a few extra bucks.
Starting a side hustle is an alternative way to make extra money if your schedule won’t allow you to work a part-time on top of your regular gig. A side hustle could be anything from walking dogs to babysitting to freelancing online and you can cater your hours to your schedule. Just remember that once you hit $400 in earnings from your side gig you’ll have to pay taxes on the money you’re making.
Finally, you could look into selling your extra stuff to make a few bucks for your emergency fund. Listing items for sale on eBay requires paying a small fee but it can be worth it if you’ve got a lot of stuff you want to unload. If you’re not that tech-savvy, a good old-fashioned yard sale can just as easily do the trick.
3. Keep your emergency fund separate
Streamlining your budget or making more money won’t do you any good if you’re not committed to saving the extra cash you’ve got coming in. Setting up a separate savings account is a must if you want to see your emergency fund grow over the next 30 days.
There are lots of different savings vehicles out there and you need to know how they differ to make sure you’re choosing the right one. A certificate of deposit, for example, may come with a higher interest rate than a regular savings account but you won’t be able to get to the money until the CD matures. That can be a major drawback if an emergency does come up.
Ideally, you want to keep your savings in an account that offers convenient access and a decent interest rate. For that, you should look at opening a savings account online.
Online banks have fewer overhead costs than the brick-and-mortar versions which means they can afford to pay their customers more in interest. Just be sure to review the fees carefully so you know exactly what the account is going to cost you.
4. Put your savings on autopilot
Saving money is a habit and like any habit, it takes time to develop. Automating your savings makes it a little easier to get used to. Scheduling automatic transfers to your savings account on a weekly or biweekly basis also ensures that you don’t have a chance to spend the extra money in your budget.
Another easy way to trick yourself into saving is to just round up every transaction you make with your debit card. If you spend $35.47 at the grocery store, for example, round up and sweep the extra $0.53 into your savings account. It’s like having a virtual change jar and you might be surprised at how quickly it adds up by the end of the month.
The Bottom Line
An emergency fund is a financial insurance policy of sorts and the sooner you get one, the better. Saving a $1,000 or so in 30 days or less is a reasonable goal that just about anyone can achieve. The key is to be creative about finding the money and committed to saving it. Once the month is up, you should be well on your way to building up an even bigger savings buffer. | <urn:uuid:fae30f27-2537-4e87-a067-0cbf838e7f04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thecreditsolutionprogram.com/the-step-by-step-guide-to-building-your-emergency-fund/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947701 | 4,858 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Raised-Leg Sit-Up & Clap
How to: Raised-Leg Sit-Up & Clap
Primary Muscles Used:Abs, Rectus Abdominis
Exercise Families:Trunk Flexion
- Start by lying flat on your back on a yoga mat, with your legs elevated so that your knees are in line with your hips and your shins are parallel to (in line with) the floor. Bend your elbows and place your hands behind your earlobes and engage your abdominal muscles by drawing your belly button in towards your spine. This is your starting position.
- Inhale. Exhale. Extend and reach your arms forwards — slowly lifting your head, shoulder blades and torso off the mat — to touch the palms of your hands together behind your legs. Ensure that it is your abdominals that initiate the movement, and that you do not use your arms to ‘swing’ your torso up.
- Inhale. Release your hands and slowly lower your torso to return to the starting position. Repeat for the specified number of repetitions.
Alternative Exercises for No Equipment
* Disclaimer: This blog post is not intended to replace the advice of a medical professional. The above information should not be used to diagnose, treat, or prevent any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor before making any changes to your diet, sleep methods, daily activity, or fitness routine. Sweat assumes no responsibility for any personal injury or damage sustained by any recommendations, opinions, or advice given in this article. | <urn:uuid:90218acd-aa27-4f48-aa24-9cab2b21b63d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sweat.com/blogs/exercises/raised-leg-sit-up-clap | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.889872 | 328 | 2.125 | 2 |
Ralph Jennings | Voice of America
TAIPEI – Three years ago authorities in China were expecting Lam Wing-kee to get his PC, and then return across the border for the final stages of a criminal investigation.
One of five Hong Kong booksellers whose disappearance caused a stir in 2015, Lam was wanted for selling books in Hong Kong that are effectively banned in mainland China.
Now the 63-year-old who spent eight months in detention in mainland China lives in Taiwan. He’s free on the democratic, ethnic Chinese island as long as he renews his visa periodically by leaving and coming back. He plans eventually to open a bookstore in Taiwan — and enjoy a lack of restrictions on book content.
Beating the extradition law
Lam reached Taiwan after defying China’s order to return to the mainland in 2016. He was at first comfortable staying in Hong Kong. Although the world financial center has come under China’s rule since 1997, the territory lacks an agreement with the mainland to extradite criminal suspects.
Then, in February, Hong Kong began considering an extradition law. The proposed law set off the wave of mass protests that have kept Hong Kong on edge from June through until the present.
“I never thought the Hong Kong government would handle things like this,” he told the VOA over a coffee in Taipei on Saturday. “It’s clear that…Hong Kong is being managed by mainland China.”
Eight months of detention
Lam had sold politically sensitive books from a physical store in Hong Kong’s densely populated, touristy Causeway Bay district. He was detained at the border with Shenzhen and first taken to a detention center in Ningbo, a city near Shanghai. He lived alone in that room for five months before being moved to a hotel in Shaoguan in Guangdong province.
During his time in mainland China, Lam said he was interrogated “viciously” several times a week though never physically abused. “You couldn’t speak of politeness,” he said.
His rooms were “clean,” but the one in Ningbo had such small, high windows he couldn’t see much outside.
Chinese police ultimately let the bookseller back into Hong Kong to get his computer, which may have contained telltale files, Lam said. “If you take your computer back, then they have extract content from it,” he said.
Lam moved into a specific Hong Kong hotel, as agreed upon with Chinese authorities. “I told them that hotel was a good one,” he recalled. “They had never been to Hong Kong.”
In June 2016 Lam told a Hong Kong news conference he would not return. But after Hong Kong’s government began in February this year discussing a law that would allow extraditions, he fled to Taiwan. That was in April.
Taiwanese read in Chinese and many people on the self-ruled island dislike China. Beijing claims sovereignty over Taiwan and insists that the two sides eventually unify.
Protests over the proposed extradition law touched off a so-far unbroken series of mass street protests in Hong Kong from June 9. Some fear China’s paramilitary police will crackdown to stop the protests.
Plans for Taipei bookstore
Lam must leave Taiwan, which has no asylum law that might otherwise give him a longer-term visa, by October. He plans to visit Germany for a book show and then see about returning to Taiwan for a longer stay.
He aims to open a bookstore here after a crowdfunding drive. “I don’t have any money now,” he said.
Lam said he won’t necessarily sell the same titles here that got him in trouble with China. He estimated one book had earned more than 30 million Hong Kong dollars (US$3.83 million) across multiple sales channels.
Mainland Chinese people had boosted sales by buying the book during their travels outside the mainland, including in Hong Kong.
Taiwanese often feel less interested in the minutiae of China’s government, preferring to read instead about Japan or the West.
Lam previously took printed “exposés” about Chinese leaders into mainland China and mailed them to clients, advocacy website ChinaChange.org says.
A Taiwan-based bookstore would probably prosper only at the start, said Andy Chang, a China studies professor at Tamkang University in Taiwan.
“In the short term, there shouldn’t be major difficulties, because of his unique profile, so Taiwanese including some common people will go read the books, but in the mid-term and longer them it’s going to get tougher,” Chang said.
Sellers are struggling in Taiwan overall against other types of media, said Yang Lian-fu, a Taiwanese publisher of local history books.
“Bookstores aren’t in a boom phase, so sales aren’t going that well,” Yang said. “Book readers are very few. There are too many channels to get information. They can get the internet by computer and need not rely on bookstores, so if he wants to open a store in Taiwan, I don’t think he’s quite going to succeed.” | <urn:uuid:3ef969b9-0ee6-42b1-afe2-bbe153cf411b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://global.tuidang.org/2019/09/03/how-hong-kongs-most-wanted-bookseller-escaped-to-taiwan-and-whats-next/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974021 | 1,114 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Gone are the days of false teeth being inevitable. More people are keeping their natural teeth to a much older age, which has presented dentists and their patients with a new set of challenges. There are factors which are unique to the mature mouth, and treating it the same way you did when you were 21 is likely no longer appropriate. Here's some of the changes you can expect to see as your teeth age, and what you can do to minimise problems.
Watch the snacks
I've seen through my time in dental practice that some people suddenly start experiencing widespread tooth decay once they retire. The main change seems to be the little bits of sugar throughout the day that don't amount to much on their own, but add up to a lot. Remember that caries, (tooth decay), is related to the frequency of sugar intake, not the total amount. Every cup of tea or coffee with a teaspoon of sugar, and the accompanying biscuit or cake, can result in your teeth being in a perpetual state of demineralisation. Ordinarily there should be a balance between the "acid attack" your teeth undergo, (when the sugar you eat is turned into acid by your resident oral bacteria), and then the remineralisation when your saliva hardens your teeth up again between snacks. If you're consuming sugar at regular intervals throughout the day, your teeth never get a chance to recover. The demineralisation becomes full blown caries, resulting in the need for fillings or even more extensive treatment.
Many people find their saliva quantity and quality reduces as they age. This can be due to many factors, but is often related to medications and common health problems amongst the ageing population. These include, but are not limited to, high blood pressure, diabetes, depression, anxiety, insomnia, sleep apnoea... the list goes on. These general health problems need to be controlled for your general wellbeing, so often a reduced saliva capacity has to be managed in ways other than stopping medications. Always follow your medical doctor's advice, but be sure to also discuss with your dentist how your general health is affecting your mouth.
Getting long in the tooth
Gingival recession, when the gums appear to "shrink" and expose more tooth, creates the appearance of teeth looking longer. That's where the phrase comes from, but it's not necessarily part of the natural ageing process. Recession can be a result of gum disease, (periodontitis), or from brushing too vigorously. Either way, it's usually a slow process so only becomes evident after years and years, hence is seen more frequently in older people. Once the gums have receded, the root of the tooth becomes exposed instead of being covered in gum tissue. Unlike the crown of the natural tooth, the root is not covered in hard enamel. It's much easier for root surfaces to wear and decay, so thorough but gentle cleaning is important.
Protecting your ageing smile
So what can you do to make sure your mouth ages gracefully?
- Be careful about sugary snacks, try to limit anything sweet to meal times only. That way your saliva has a chance to remineralise your teeth before you eat again.
- Make sure your general health is good. Being in good health generally means there's less need for saliva-reducing medications, and less risk of chronic disease.
- Brush with an extra soft or sensitive toothbrush, so you can effectively remove plaque without damaging the delicate root surface of your teeth.
- Visit your dentist more frequently for check-ups. Once a year may have cut the mustard when you were in your twenties, but it may be wise to increase to as often as every 3 months if you find your oral health is deteriorating. Your dentist can prescribe specific preventative measures to suit the individual needs of your mouth as you age, and catch any problems early before they become disasters. | <urn:uuid:5873e784-5424-406d-a214-6a68662f092d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthhub.hif.com.au/dental-health/caring-for-your-teeth-as-you-get-older | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963761 | 801 | 2.484375 | 2 |
People of lower socioeconomic status face higher cancer death rates than their counterparts. African American men suffer the highest cancer incidence rate of any racial or ethnic group. But these gaps in cancer care can be addressed through policy. What does the case of Medicaid expansion reveal about cancer disparities in America? And what will it take to close the gap?
At The Atlantic People v. Cancer summit in New York City on November 12, 2019, I had to pleasure to join Yousuf Zafar, Associate Professor of Medicine and Public Policy at Duke Cancer Institute, and writer Olga Khazan from The Atlantic to discuss.
Cancer as a metaphor for racism in the United States
Before our turn in the spotlight, Yousuf and I huddled behind the stage with wireless microphones taped to our cheeks. The warm glow from a backlit projector illuminated bundles of electrical cords at our feet and audio equipment towering around us. We stood still, hypnotized, and clinging to every word of Ibram X. Kendi, acclaimed National Book Award Winner and Director of The Antiracist Research and Policy Center at American University. On the other side of heavy curtains, Dr. Kendi was sharing his vulnerable, personal cancer story and described how cancer can be seen as a metaphor for racism in the United States. His talk was beautiful. I encourage you to listen.
After Dr. Kendi’s talk, it was our turn to discuss the financial toxicity of cancer, racial disparities in outcomes, and data to generate evidence for equitable healthcare policies. I applaud AtlanticLIVE and The Atlantic for prioritizing these issues.
The summit included exploration of other important topics in modern cancer care. Here are highlights from a few sessions that I really enjoyed.
Redefining Quality of Life
There was a powerful discussion about compassion in the face of mortality and the role of palliative care in a patient’s journey. Kate Bowler, Author of “Everything Happens for a Reason and Other Lies I’ve Loved” and Associate Professor at Duke Divinity School, and Sunita Puri, Author of “That Good Night: Life and Medicine in the Eleventh Hour” and Medical Director of Palliative Medicine at Keck Hospital and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, took to the stage with journalist Jeanne Meserve to discuss how we should redefine quality of life.
Community-Based Cancer Care
Actor Patrick Dempsey, well-known as McDreamy from Gray’s Anatomy, came to tears on stage when talking about grief from his mother’s fight with cancer. He brought the focus back to a place where most cancer in the United States is treated: community oncology clinics. I appreciated his advocacy to focus on wrap-around services to support the family members and care-givers of cancer patients.
Dempsey was joined WNYC’s Alison Stewart to discuss Dempsey’s personal experience with cancer, and how community-based care can help improve quality of life both for people undergoing cancer treatment and their families.
Special thanks to Gloria Oh at The AtlanticLIVE + The Atlantic for inviting me to speak at this summit, AtlanticLIVE Kristoffer Tripplaar for sharing photos of our conversation, and Flatiron Health Jenny Edelston for help preparing me to speak. | <urn:uuid:5dc1f940-44c8-4bf0-99ae-35197d7ae5e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blytheadamson.com/2019/11/18/peoplevcancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947748 | 683 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Copyright © 2012 by the author(s). Published here under license by The Resilience Alliance.
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Graham, M., and H. Ernstson. 2012. Comanagement at the fringes: examining stakeholder perspectives at Macassar Dunes, Cape Town, South Africa—at the intersection of high biodiversity, urban poverty, and inequality. Ecology and Society 17(3): 34.
, part of a special feature on Urban ecological and social-ecological research in the City of Cape Town
Comanagement at the Fringes: Examining Stakeholder Perspectives at Macassar Dunes, Cape Town, South Africa—at the Intersection of High Biodiversity, Urban Poverty, and Inequality
1Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, 2African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, 3Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University
Theoretically, co-management provides a fruitful way to engage local residents in efforts to conserve and manage particular spaces of ecological value. However, natural resource management, and biodiversity conservation in particular, are faced with novel sets of complexities in the rapidly urbanizing areas of Cape Town, South Africa, and in the nexus between an apartheid past, informal settlements, remnant biodiversity patches, and urban poverty. Departing from such a dynamic social and ecological context, this article first provides an historical account of the decade-long comanagement process at Macassar Dunes, and then considers, through stakeholder perceptions, what are the successes and failures of the contested process. We find that comanagement at Macassar Dunes faces serious legitimacy, trust, and commitment issues, but also that stakeholders find common ground on education and awareness-raising activities. In conclusion we argue that the knowledge generated from case studies like this is useful in challenging and rethinking natural resource management theory generally, but specifically it is useful for the growing cities of the Global South. More case studies and a deeper engagement are needed with geographical theories on the “urban fringe” as “possibility space”, to help build a firm empirical base for theorizing comanagement “at the fringes”, i.e., at the intersection of poverty, socioeconomic inequality, and high biodiversity and ecological values.
Key words: Cape Town, South Africa; comanagement; informal settlement; Macassar Dunes; remnant biodiversity; stakeholder perspectives; urban comanagement; urban ecology; urban poverty
A purported and oft-cited phenomenon is that the world is witnessing unsurpassed urbanization. The United Nations, for example, estimates over 6 billion people are projected to live in cities by 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2012). Around half of those 6 billion people are predicted to inhabit urban slum areas in the less developed regions of the world (http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?typeid=19&catid=10&cid=928
), and in Africa alone the urban population is likely to treble, with some 850 million new urban dwellers forecast to 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2012). As cities expand in population, many cities increasingly also extend spatially into areas of ecological importance, i.e., into the geographic “city fringe”. In cities of the Global South in particular, the urban poor have great difficulties in accessing secure tenure and adequate housing options. As a consequence, the city fringe becomes the site of growing informal settlements that lack access to formalized services and amenities like water, sanitation, waste disposal, and electricity. Such “extra-legal” property regimes are informed by a suite of complex historical and contemporary planning and access issues, often with bases in brutal and segregational colonial pasts and persistent legacies of inequality (see Kingwill et al. 2006; Watson 2009). These issues ensue in competing and conflicting claims to land uses at the urban fringe, and also impact the dynamics of local ecosystems. As such, we understand that Natural Resource Management, as theory and practice, encounters novel situations at the urban fringes of the Global South. To contribute to a “rethinking” of natural resource management theory such that it might be sensitive to such situations, places, and processes calls for the examination of case studies in specific urban fringe areas of the Global South.
This article combines natural resource management theory with cultural geography, and uses a qualitative case-study approach to examine some of the challenges and conflicts of natural resource management in the context of an urban protected area — i.e., Macassar Dunes, which is located on the geographical fringe of Cape Town, South Africa. It focuses on comanagement arrangements at Macassar Dunes under the auspices of the Macassar Dunes Co-management Association (MDCA) to consider comanagement processes at the intersection of vast, rapid, and highly dense informal settlement; a remnant, small-scale, highly biodiverse protected area; and, the urban poverty realities and development desires of informal settlers and township residents in the township areas located on Cape Town’s geographic city fringes. In particular we use this paper to focus on two questions. First, in the Results section we consider: What are stakeholders' perceptions of the bridges and barriers to comanagement at Macassar Dunes?
Second, in the Discussion we consider: What does comanagement literature tell us about these bridges and barriers in the context of urban protected areas at “the fringes”?
The comanagement concept in contemporary natural resource management is positioned within an important opportunity space, lying between having “substantial promise” in addressing conflict in natural resource management, and actually serving as a “source of conflict” (Castro and Nielson 2001). As such, we posit consideration of comanagement as a method and a tool for managing the socio-cultural and ecological diversity in urban protected areas is an important field of inquiry. In 1997 Berkes recognized the imperative for examining stakeholder understandings within comanagement arrangements. In his suggested research strategy to build comanagement theory based on the examination of real-world comanagement processes and arrangements, he included the need to focus on the reasons for successes and failures of these. A decade and a half later, mounting critique of the comanagement concept suggests Berkes’ strategy remains pertinent. Adams et al. (2003) note that addressing conflict in natural resource management requires consideration of the perceptions
of stakeholders, and the differing ways by which management problems are understood. We heretofore draw on Berkes (1997) and Adams et al. (2003) in this paper in our analysis of stakeholder perceptions of the bridges and barriers to comanagement at Macassar Dunes. By examining the experiences and perceptions of persons involved in the MDCA’s Management Committee, the peak decision-making body of the MDCA, we strive to give some voice to and analyze perceptions of the “successes” and “failures” of the comanagement process to date.
As a case study into the challenges and contestedness of urban protected area comanagement, Macassar Dunes is highly appropriate because it represents a relatively long-term comanagement process. This allows participants considerable time for reflection on their experiences and expectations of the arrangements. Further, comanagement arrangements and analyses commonly focus on indigenous or “local” peoples deemed to have long-term associations with the comanaged site or resources (see, for example, Castro and Nielson 2001, Spaeder and Feit 2005, Izurieta et al. 2011, and Borrini-Feyerabend et al. 2001, amongst many others). With the inclusion of informal settlers and township residents as legitimate and central actors in the comanagement process, Macassar Dunes represents a less developed field of comanagement practice and theory. We believe this condition provides an important entry point for consideration of who has the right to define and “speak for ” common pool resources in contested urban spaces. While only briefly contextualized here, in a future paper we will also explore the particular nexus of historical, social, cultural, environmental, and geographical contexts through which the comanagement arrangements at Macassar Dunes are enacted.
In 2006, Ferketic et al. (2010:1170) undertook a study at Macassar Dunes to “assess the potential of a conservation justice management agreement”, which presents an important starting point for considering the understandings that individual community members and conservationists have of the trade-offs between predefined conservation and development issues. Our study focuses on the existing
comanagement process and participants at Macassar Dunes (as of December 2009); in so doing we recognize the contested and processual nature of comanagement, and the significant legitimacy issues this arrangement faces, given some participants feel the process is “dead”, while others feel it is still “alive”. Further, our qualitative approach enables an appreciation of the emotions, perceptions, and conflicts engendered by and through these arrangements. Together with the approach of Ferketic et al. (2010), our studies provide valuable complementary understandings on perceptions of comanagement from both “inside” and “outside” the existing process. To attend to an understanding of the existing arrangements as at December 2009, we present a description of the case study area, including an interpretative historical description of the comanagement process.
Comanagment and urban protected areas
This study’s point of departure is the notion that cities generally encapsulate much social, cultural, and environmental diversity and economic differentiation. This situation leads to great challenges and often intense struggles over how to best use urban space, and which kinds of values, needs, and development trajectories should inform such uses (Harvey 1996; Ernstson et al. 2010; Cook and Swyngedouw 2012). Focusing on the context of the management of urban nature, contestation can occur over fundamental issues relating to who has the right to “speak” for the places and resources being managed; what values and beliefs are reflected in management paradigms and approaches; and who benefits in what ways from management outcomes (see, for example, Ernstson and Sörlin 2009).
In natural resource management, a conventional management strategy to address issues of diversity, complexity, and contestation is the concept of “comanagement”. Herein we review the literature on comanagement theory and critique, and seek to position comanagement within the context of urban protected areas. This positioning is important because there is increased recognition of the contribution of urban green spaces—such as forests, parks, wetlands, and protected areas—to human health and wellbeing, and in the provision of ecosystem services in cities (Bolund and Hunhammar 1999; Alcamo et al. 2003; Niemelä et al. 2011). However, urban protected areas face challenges and impacts resulting from processes such as urban sprawl and development, urban agglomeration, informal settlement, and tourism development (Trzyna 2007). Using examples from around the world, including some from Cape Town, Trzyna (2007) identified that these challenges and impacts include habitat fragmentation, effects on water quantity and quality, air, solid waste, and noise pollution; spread of exotic, invasive species; human–wildlife conflicts; natural, accidental, or intentional fire; and criminal activity such as vandalism, theft, poaching, arson, mugging, and murder (see also Rebelo et al. 2011).
Comanagement seeks to bring together resource users in shared stakeholder management regimes. Such arrangements theoretically provide potentiality to “democratise decision-making, foster conflict-resolution, and encourage stakeholder participation” (Armitage et al. 2007). The premise is that comanagement is not just about managing resources
but is also fundamentally about managing relationships
(Goetze 2005). By working to incorporate a diversity of stakeholders, comanagement aims to provide opportunity space for building trust and linkages between interested parties. In so doing, the inclusionary practices are purported to increase the legitimacy of decision-making processes and, furthermore, engender better resource management by incorporating processes of social learning and knowledge integration (see Armitage et al. 2007; Berkes 2009). Analysis on the actual implementation of comanagement arrangements is largely focused on nonurban settings such as large-scale protected areas, fisheries, and forests. Urban settings are currently underrepresented in the literature, perhaps demonstrating a paucity of existing arrangements. Nevertheless, Barthel et al. (2005) recently suggested the imperative for urban comanagement arrangements to engage and enhance the contributions of local stewardship associations to the maintenance of urban ecosystem services and biodiversity.
Our focus on comanagement at the urban “fringes” of the Global South requires an understanding of how marginalized groups and peoples have interacted with comanagement processes and practice. Attendance to marginality in comanagement is highly pertinent given the potentiality of “deep-colonizing” (Rose 1999) processes embedded in resource management practices and institutions. Howitt and Suchet-Pearson (2006) note that through such deep-colonizing practices and institutions, including comanagement, the “concepts and practices of separation, superiority, intervention, control and management are often reimposed” (page 325), resulting in serious implications for indigenous and other marginalized peoples. Drawing on experiences from nonurban settings provides an important entry point to understanding issues of marginality in comanagement.
Castro and Nielson (2001) indicate that whilst comanagement arrangements involving indigenous peoples offer “substantial promise” in addressing conflict in natural resource management, experience has shown that such arrangements can enhance and/or create conflict, and contribute to greater marginality of already marginalized peoples. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as a high-level and traditional proponent of comanagement (World Parks Congress 2003), soberly suggests: “[w]hen successful, [comanagement] spells out the peaceful and intelligent ways by which communities and other actors overcome environmental challenges, take best advantage of nature’s gifts, and share those in fairness and solidarity. When it fails, it ushers conflicts, human misery and environmental damages” (http://www.iucn.org/about/union/commissions/ceesp/sharing_power/about/the_inspiration/
). In a more focused critique based on the Southern African experience, Kepe (2008:312) states that the widespread implementation of comanagement regimes has “represented a camouflage for the continuation of state hegemony regarding the protected area or national park idea in post-apartheid South Africa”. Cock and Fig (1999, in Magome and Murombedzi 2003) note also that comanagement has “seldom succeeded” in the South African context. They view ensuing conflicts erupting over the “pure” conservation basis of management as effectively constricting the potential of local communities to derive benefit and income from their lands (Magome and Murombedzi 2003).
In moving towards an understanding of comanagement theory within the context of urban protected areas at the urban fringes of cities of the Global South, we here focus on three central aspects of comanagement theory: (1) the impetus for and context of comanagement implementation, (2) perceptions of legitimacy of comanagement arrangements, and (3) the notion of comanagement as process.
Firstly, the impetus for and context of comanagement implementation are seminal considerations. Indeed, Chuenpagdee and Jentoft (2007) focus on the pre-implementation stage as a fundamental period of the comanagement arrangements, during which the actions taken and contextual factors can have implications for the future success of the arrangements.
Secondly, Kofinas (2005) has noted that it is through gaining the perception of legitimacy that stakeholder consensus can be reached and transformed into action within the group. This perception is nevertheless bound to be dynamic, and therefore requires cultivation in order to persist (Kofinas 2005). Kofinas (2005) further understands legitimacy in comanagement arrangements as encompassing three dimensions of stakeholder perceptions: (1) the legitimacy of the arrangements themselves, (2) the legitimacy of the different types of knowledge that underpin comanagement decisions and decision-making processes, and (3) the legitimacy of the comanagement participants as being inclusive of both individuals and organ is at ions.
Finally, the conception of comanagement as process,
reflects the understanding that building relationships for shared management is time-intensive, and involves extensive deliberation, negotiation, and the evolution
of agreements (Berkes 2009). Indeed, Armitage et al. (2009) have noted that some arrangements may take over a decade to “mature” into effective governance arrangements. Importantly, recognition of comanagement as processual highlights that power-sharing comes as a result of the process
, rather than because it is an expected outcome (Carlsson and Berkes 2005).
CASE STUDY AREA: SOCIAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Cape Town city is nested amidst a highly biodiverse landscape, lying as it is within the Cape Floristic Region. At the same time, developmental pressures mean Cape Town has the highest number of threatened plant species of any city in the world (http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/functions/BiodivManagement/Pages/BiodiversityNetwork.aspx
; see also Rebelo et al. 2011). These ecological and social conditions have informed scientific and policy-related arguments to protect Macassar Dunes. Located to the southeast of the City Bowl ( Fig. 1), Macassar Dunes represents the last remnant of endangered strandveld vegetation along the False Bay Coast. The dunes area incorporates the Macassar Dunes Conservation Area and the adjoining Wolfgat Nature Reserve, as well as a privately owned and publicly inaccessible conservation area at the eastern end of the dunes, and several beach zones managed by the City of Cape Town at the western end (Fig. 2). The Macassar Dunes are identified within the City’s Biodiversity Network as a core conservation site for the Cape Flats area (City of Cape Town 2007; and see Cilliers and Siebert 2012 regarding the Biodiversity Network). The Wolfgat Nature Reserve boasts 178 plant species, including a protected stand of endangered White Milkwood trees (Sideroxlyon inerme
) (Cape Flats Nature 2010). A short observational study from 2006 concluded that the dunes support a varied animal population, with 27 bird, 14 mammal, and 6 reptile species recorded, and a further 32 species suspected (Langley 2006). The coast off the dunes provides habitat for marine life such as fish, seals, great white sharks, and dolphins, and for the seasonal migration of several species of whale (Bodenstein and Rippon 2001).
However, Macassar Dunes also lies on the doorstep of one of South Africa’s largest “township” areas, Khayelitsha, which is home to an estimated 450,000 to 1 million people (Skuse and Cousins 2007), consisting of both established long-term residents and newer informal housing (shacks and backyard dwellings) comprising more than two-thirds of all households, and at 75% under 35 years of age, the population is overwhelmingly young (Base of the Pyramid Learning Lab–South Africa 2011). In effect, Khayelitsha faces “the same issues as hundreds of other poor settlements in South Africa: [p]overty, inadequate housing, lack of access to sanitation and running water, lack of access to energy, high unemployment and crime” (Base of the Pyramid Learning Lab–South Africa 2011:2). eNkanini is one of Khayelitsha’s large informal settlement areas. It houses an estimated 16,000 residents in shack dwellings, and is separated from Macassar Dunes only by the primary coastal access road, Baden Powell Drive (see Fig. 2). eNkanini sprang to existence in 2003 when settlers initiated a land claim movement by “invading” this open space (see Skuse and Cousins 2007). The Dunes also border Macassar town, which was appropriated and expanded from a small community during the apartheid era to house “Colored” residents. The Macassar community faces many similar employment, housing, services, and amenities access issues as other “previously disadvantaged communities” in Cape Town. The contemporary Macassar community is believed to have a long history of interaction and cultural ties with Macassar Dunes (Bodenstein and Rippon 2006) including historical usage stemming from agricultural practices such as stock grazing, and recreational practices such as horse riding and fishing.
Reconstructing the history of comanagement at Macassar Dunes
Based on comanagement process documentation, field notes, and interviews during the course of this study, the history of comanagement arrangements at Macassar Dunes presents a long, disjointed, and contested process. Prior to the restructuring of Cape Town into a single municipality in 2000, the then Tygerberg Local Government area was responsible for the dunes area. Because local government staff were not present on the ground at Macassar Dunes during this time, the Macassar Dunes Management Plan
was devised to provide a strategic management plan for the future of the dunes area (Chittenden Nicks de Villiers 2001). It was in this Plan that the implementation of comanagement at Macassar Dunes was first suggested. In 1999 local government planning staff and university researchers perceived local communities were causing environmental degradation to the dunes through encroaching informal settlement, illegal hunting and harvesting, and misuse of the area for latrine and anti-social purposes. Legal and illegal sand-mining operations in the dunes were also perceived as being undertaken irresponsibly, and with little regard for the environmental values of the area. Drawing on the Macassar Dunes Management Plan
, these perceived threats served as a catalyst for instigating comanagement arrangements, with the aims of reducing environmental degradation through increasing local community awareness of the dunes.
A trial comanagement process began in 2000, involving the City of Cape Town’s strategic planning staff (hereafter City of Cape Town planning), and a specialized environmental unit at the University of Cape Town as the implementing organization. Intensive community engagement processes and a series of environmental education and comanagement stakeholder training workshops were conducted over 2 years by the University of Cape Town, and involving City of Cape Town planning staff; Macassar and Khayelitsha community members; and other business, industry, and government representatives. These resulted in a draft vision for the reserve area:
. . . to acquire conservation status for the entire area allowing appropriate and compatible activities within a co-management framework. We envisage the sustainable use of local resources by local people as well as the sustainable use of the area for educational purposes, tourism and recreation. We support activities which will directly benefit local users and communities through job creation and skills development.
(University of Cape Town 2001)
Several project plans were developed for the western portion of the Conservation Area only: (1) construction of a set of walking trails to facilitate dune access; (2) construction of an environmental education center adjacent to the dunes; and, (3) training of Macassar and Khayelitsha community members in removal of alien vegetation and in visitor field-guide skills (Bodenstein and Rippon 2006).
In 2003 this collaboration legally registered as the Macassar Dunes Co-management Association (MDCA), with a constitution outlining the rules for engagement and decision-making. MDCA is to consist of individuals and representatives of user and interest groups interested in the management of the Macassar Dunes. Included are individuals from local communities and community structures, and from activity groups such as wood collectors, traditional healers, fishermen, and recreationists. It also includes City of Cape Town employees, as the responsible authority for the Reserve, and the University of Cape Town, as joint implementers of the initial comanagement process. The MDCA’s Management Committee is to consist of six elected members as representatives of the user or interest groups of the MDCA (MDCA Constitution 2009, personal communication
). City conservation staff and MDCA have also collaborated with the Cape Flats Nature project, a collaborative project established to “address the challenge of conserving fragmented natural habitats in an urban context where land is scarce and poverty is widespread”
). In 2004, the first on-the-ground conservation management staff were located on the reserve. Following the restructuring in 2000 of the City of Cape Town local government area into a single unitary administrative area (Wilkinson 2004), these conservation staff eventually replaced the City’s planning staff as representatives on the MDCA. Since 2004, on-the-ground conservation staff from the City and Cape Flats Nature have been engaged in the MDCA and its Management Committee in varying capacities and to differing degrees.
Participation and process revitalizations
For several years, the University of Cape Town’s persistent attempts to generate project funding for MDCA’s proposals were unsuccessful. Whilst a core Management Committee has been fairly consistently present (if not always active) over the years, the lack of project resources resulted in several lulls and process revitalizations within the larger MDCA. The land claim “invasion” movement in 2003 that resulted in the formation of the eNkanini informal settlement sparked a group of concerned conservationists into what later loosely became the first “revitalization” of the MDCA. This group was united by the desire to educate eNkanini informal settlers about the environmental degradation that would occur should the land claim movement extend across Baden Powell Drive and thus into the boundaries of the dunes area.
To address this concern, several education and information campaigns were undertaken within eNkanini. This revitalization movement faded when funds were still not forthcoming to implement the MDCA’s three major project proposals.
In late 2005 the University of Cape Town successfully secured a substantial ZAR4.5 million (~US$700,000 in 2005) grant from three different funders on behalf of the MDCA for the project proposals. Since MDCA was not a financially established entity at the time, this funding was to be initially administered by the University of Cape Town as the responsible implementing organization, and progressively to be taken over by MDCA. Spurred by the University of Cape Town, the MDCA underwent a second revitalization process so as to start the preparation of scoping reports for the funded project proposals. This process proved rather fraught because many new members were instituted in the comanagement process, whilst previous members had moved on. However, after a lengthy re-examination process, scoping reports were eventually prepared, based on the same three projects, i.e., encompassing walking trails, an education center, and community training initiatives.
In early 2007 City of Cape Town conservation staff raised significant, and previously unannounced, objections to the MDCA’s proposals. These were based on concerns regarding the financial and ecological management of the proposed constructed features in the Conservation Area, and the responsibility and capacity of both the MDCA and the City’s conservation unit to manage these. For example, the potential negative impacts on biodiversity in the Reserve area due to the construction of man-made features and associated increased user-accessibility were a significant issue for the City. Another issue was that the land which MDCA had proposed for the siting of the environmental education center was not owned by the City of Cape Town, but by the Department of Public Works. Whilst the Department of Public Works was willing to lease the land at no cost to MDCA, this issue nonetheless raised for the City several statutory maintenance and funding issues.
These objections appear to have caused much controversy in the comanagement process. A lengthy stalemate ensued because no consensus was reached on alternative proposals, such as choosing a new site for the education center, thus causing another faltering in membership and waning interaction in the MDCA. By 2009 failure of the MDCA parties to reach agreement had resulted in much of the project funding being returned to donors once expenditure deadlines passed. However, some specific donor funds were retained. Since 2007, approaching expenditure deadlines for these funds resulted in several further MDCA revitalization attempts, for example using funds for short-term contracts to remove invasive species. In December 2009 the issue of the MDCA’s project proposals was still being negotiated and debated by the MDCA partners, with no clear agreements made.
This qualitative analysis of comanagement arrangements at Macassar Dunes is based on interviews with past and present members of the MDCA Management Committee, conducted in Cape Town from October to December 2009. Participants were selected on the basis of being long-term and/or core members of the Management Committee over time. Participants were initially identified in MDCA documents and via staff of the University of Cape Town. Further participants were identified by suggestions from other interviewees. Six stakeholder “groupings” emerged during the interview process, in what Reed et al. (2009:1973) identify as a bottom-up “stakeholder led stakeholder-categorization”. Interviewees representative of each grouping were sought, and in total 25 persons were interviewed. While it is not possible to calculate exactly because of the disrupted comanagement process, we believe the interviewees represent a significant proportion of key MDCA representatives over time. Table 1 shows more information on these groupings.
It should be noted that participants were not necessarily “bound” to, nor did they necessarily identify with, just one of these groupings (see Foley and Grace 2009); for example some government staff are also residents of Khayelitsha, or have township backgrounds with which they identify, but which they are not formally representative of in the comanagement arrangements. These nuances of personal and multiple identities and group affiliation demonstrate that stakeholder groupings might be simplistic when comparing perceptions across groups. Still, in focusing on the perceptions among those heavily involved in comanagement, our approach brings forth the variety of possible perceptions. Furthermore, in choosing to use open-ended questions, we encouraged a narrative mode of communication (Willig 2001 in Rogan et al. 2005), which allowed interviewees to develop their answers in a dialogue, bringing richer contextual information to support interpretation. The semistructured interviews were organized around a set of themes and interview questions relating to perceptions of “bridges” and “barriers” in comanagement processes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed in full, except when it was not possible during two phone interviews, during which notes were taken.
Interviewee statements were coded using ATLAS.ti software (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH 2009). The coding process was adapted from the non-numerical narrative analysis methodology outlined in Rogan et al. (2005). This meant first going through each interview transcript line-by-line and coding significant parts by highly descriptive codes as represented in “natural language”, and reflecting emergent themes and meanings relating to personal and social experiences (see Morse 1994 and Polkinghorne 1995 in Rogan et al. 2005). Then, given these descriptive codes, efforts were made to find more general themes. This was an iterative process of going back and forth between different interviews and their first-order codes to refine and later group these codes into more general themes (see Miles and Huberman 1994; Boyatzis 1998; Gustafson 2001 in Rogan et al. 2005).
For space and comprehension purposes the themes identified are illustrated by broader narrative descriptions. However, as evident in the coding process, interviewees talked about issues in diverse ways, describing, linking, and attributing particular themes and understandings in divergent ways. Thus, the understandings of the comanagement process as expressed by interviewees did not necessarily fit neatly into only one theme, because understandings often overlap, relate to, and are contingent upon one another. While the themes provide an overview of the data material, we have chosen to intersperse our description of the themes with direct quotes. By using the voices and insights of those directly involved in comanagement, these quotes help to bring the reader closer to how social and cultural dynamics are played out in this case of comanagement at the fringe. Although the results represent a coconstruction of knowledge between interviewer/interviewees, it should be understood that the following is an interpretation, which nonetheless is open to re-interpretation and contestation by scholars and nonscholars alike (Willig 2001 in Rogan et al. 2005).
Table 2 provides an overview of the broader themes that emerged from working with the interview material across all interviewees. Descriptions of these themes and selected quotes are outlined below.
Bridges to successful comanagement
All participants feel education and awareness-raising activities
in Table 2
) have been important and successful components of the comanagement process. This refers to educating and informing local community residents—eNkanini settlers in particular—regarding the existence of the nature reserve, its vulnerability, and its ecological values. For instance, an interviewee from the Khayelitsha community explained how local people had been trained in conservation and the eNkanini community had started to value the dunes from an ecological perspective as result of environmental awareness-raising activities:
It was a successful project, we had fifteen volunteers that we trained in the basic practice of conservation, and communications skills and awareness, and general information around Macassar Dunes. And, we did go there [to eNkanini] with the manner that probably people will kind of ignore or not support [us], but anyway we were amazed by how the community were kind of taking the initiative. We have come up with very good results at the end of the day: that [eNkanini] people do know they have the Macassar Dunes Nature Reserve next to them, and they tell us what they use it for, and what they are doing there. And people are telling us that they take the initiative that if someone is building their shack beyond the [reserve] boundary they go themselves and say 'you must not build here; this is the boundary, you must not build over this boundary'. So they are taking the initiative, saying these dunes are helping us with the sand drift when it is windy from the beach, so it is protecting us from that wind that come[s] from the beach.
As a further example of this, a conservation staff member expressed a clear benefit from educational activities in diminishing the threat of eNkanini settlers “invading” the Reserve:
There was almost a complete halt from the invasion that was happening . . . after all this intervention of the MDCA and the different activities that [Cape Flats Nature] were doing you could literally see there was a halt from going up the dune . . . [and] something was happening: there was a consciousness that “we are not supposed to be invading that dune” .
(interview, City of Cape Town Conservation).
Still, some tension exists between residents and professional conservation managers. While residents recognized that these activities have kept the comanagement process alive during its many lulls, education could still be viewed as a “top-down” practice to impose certain ecological values from the “center” onto those living at the “fringe”. The following quote demonstrates how this educational success is also perceived as being unstable and liable to political maneuverings, and how ecological awareness and stewardship are viewed by some as contingent on economic development opportunities in eNkanini:
I think the co-management to a certain extent has played a vital role, a very, very crucial role in terms of educating those communities . . . Now, the eNkanini people have very much bought into the idea of the reserve of some sort . . . but they do so because there's a hope that some livelihoods will be derived from this area. Now it's a matter of how long should they wait for those activities? How long should they [wait to] see economic benefits for the area? If there are no economic benefits for the area, as a matter of protest they might deliberately invade the area.
(interview, University of Cape Town).
These quotes also suggest how the loose category of “eNkanini people” has become a way to frame the value of the comanagement process as a tool to stop informal settlers from taking over the area altogether. Those living “at the fringe” are thereby also framed as threats and as unreliable stakeholders in the conservation project.
Another theme of perceived success was that the comanagement process had successfully utilized the Management Committee’s community members to strengthen linkages
between government staff and local communities (Theme A2)
. This seems to have benefitted the local government and conservation managers, who sought ways to engage the quite amorphous and dynamic “fringe” of township areas and informal settlements. Through the MDCA’s members they found representatives that in turn could channel and communicate conservation issues and the work of the MDCA into community structures and forums:
[MDCA is] almost in a way like a forum, because of the representation from different [communities] and different either interested individuals or interested environmentally . . . So in a way we reach [out]. And generally the people that come from [the communities] . . . are people that have connections. So in a way they do have a voice.
(interview, City of Cape Town Conservation)
These linkages also provided opportunities for community members to get involved in activities and management at the dunes. Some of these members exemplify passion for and commitment to the comanagement process:
[There are] people who have sort of passion and they just want to be involved in driving these things and getting involved in conservation . . . ’Cause I believe that MDCA wouldn't be here if it wasn't for those sort of driving forces . . . because you cannot sort of pinpoint and say ‘OK, the MDCA has done this’ because, you know, you don't have anything that is tangible. But you look in terms of the people that are there, and in terms of the communities, and how they relate, how they engage.
(interview, Cape Flats Nature)
A final broader theme identified in the data was specific MDCA events (Theme A3)
, which are perceived as highly successful and significant in that they represent relatively rare moments of successful collaboration and provide opportunity for cross-cultural exchange. The annual Heritage Day brings together diverse stakeholder groups to share and celebrate local cultural diversity and heritages:
[It] was such a great success . . . and we had so many youth that day! And the diverse cultures of the surrounding areas! It was the first time there was interaction with the communities, the predominantly Black and Colored, or Métis communities . . . and there was such a close collaboration and everyone asked us 'please, make this a bigger event next year', because it was such a great success; and an enjoyable event because there was music, dance and mingling with each other—which never happens! So actually the MDCA project is actually bringing the communities closer to each other now.
(interview, Macassar resident)
Barriers to successful comanagement
The significant number of barriers to comanagement identified required the construction of a larger number of broader themes.
Firstly, many from the conservation staff feel that the formative stages of the comanagement process
were incorrectly managed (Theme B1)
, and thus presented persistent problems in contemporary arrangements. Some feel that comanagement implementation was “imposed from above” by the University of Cape Town and the City of Cape Town, the correct community structures failed to be included, land ownership issues were not resolved, and community expectations regarding comanagement processes and intended benefits were inappropriately managed:
I mean the community had an expectation that out of the planning things would happen, and it's when we come to the implementation that we fall flat as a public sector. Then there's all kinds of excuses, and maybe good reasons, but it doesn't matter—the result is what the communities are looking for. We failed the test . . . but we need to also look at what one learned out of it, and the big thing is: don't create an expectation that you can't deliver.
(interview, City of Cape Town Planning)
Whilst the University of Cape Town and planning staff feel the large-scale funds granted to MDCA presented important community development opportunities, many conservation staff feel there are ethical issues involved in bringing large sums of money into “previously disadvantaged” communities:
Now, when you go into a marginalized community you don't say 'hello, we have money! What do you want us to do?!’ That is a bit of a problem because it means that anyone that becomes involved is there because there's funding; then when the limited funding dries out no one is interested. So they use money now to get people involved, to get people excited.
(interview, Cape Flats Nature).
Some feel the consequence of these formative stages is that the concepts, goals, processes, and outcomes of comanagement are not properly understood by communities. University of Cape Town staff, however, feel these perceptions regarding these formative stages are misconceptions held by those newer, and thus less informed, comanagement participants, who were not present at the formative stages of comanagement, during which lengthy and inclusive processes of engagement were conducted, and shared projects and goals were reached between comanagement partners.
Another barrier that was identified revolved
around issues of leadership, decision-making, and power-sharing (Theme B2).
interviewees identified historically poor leadership in the Management Committee throughout its decade-long history. Some feel this issue was generated by internal Committee politics, while others feel responsibility lies with the comanagement instigators and implementers, the City of Cape Town, and the University of Cape Town:
The MDCA didn't just come up from nowhere . . . There was an MoU or agreement between different institutions—and where are those institutions in terms of advising that leadership? It just seems like the MDCA was created and then they took a backseat . . . Those institutional partners, they should still be there to advise them and, you know, lead them towards the right direction.
(interview, Cape Flats Nature).
Some conservation and University of Cape Town staff feel the community members of the Management Committee fail to “take charge” of MDCA, and instead they incorrectly perceive that government and University of Cape Town staff are “in charge” of the process.
Furthermore, many feel clear decision-making processes or structures are not set in place for the Management Committee, meaning that issues are repeatedly deliberated without resolution. The University of Cape Town feels that without a formalized, functioning comanagement agreement the process lacks legitimacy:
So yeah, in terms of the co-management with us, with the City, with the [community] groups, my feeling is that it's very tenuous; there is no arrangement at the moment . . . . Unless you have management involved, you're powerless. So I mean, you've got to have the government coming to the party and sitting down and saying ‘OK, we support the initiative: these are the responsibilities we as the government will take on; what responsibilities will you as the community take on?’ . . . But I mean, we [are] sort of light years away from that because as far as I see, from the moment that the City said 'we don't support this'—having supported it all along—there is no partnership.
(interview, University of Cape Town).
At the same time, many feel the balance of power is tipped in favor of the authorities, meaning that community voices are not heard in decision-making:
And you know what is [the communities’] frustration? Their frustration was they're like a little puppet, that didn't take real decisions and that didn't have anything to show, meaning that they really desperately needed action and intervention in the area . . . and I think there is where the problem lies. Um, I think the public authorities needed to show more oomph, more guts, and if they were pulling together I think . . . they would've made more impact.
(interview, City of Cape Town Planning)
A third theme relates to representation and self-interest (Theme B3)
. Many respondents felt that MDCA was not, at the time of the interviews, representative of all interested stakeholders, such as industry and business (e.g., the sand-mining industry), and all three tiers of government (local, provincial, national). City of Cape Town conservation staff felt MDCA is too narrowly focused on the initial proposed projects, thus failing to include other nearby communities and large swathes of the dunes. Meanwhile, symbolic perhaps of some of the historical racial tensions and difficulties of inclusion and representation that underlie the comanagement process, some Macassar residents feel MDCA has been too focused on the Khayelitsha community:
Although it's named Macassar Dunes Co-management, it's focused on the Khayelitsha side, and it's where a lot of things have gone wrong . . .
(interview, Macassar resident).
Government staff felt it was difficult to know who 'speaks' for communities, and whom individuals are representing when they engage with the MDCA:
One needs to also be wary about the different groups that participate in those discussions, because certainly in the very first few meetings that I participated in for the first year and a half . . . there was a lot of sand-mining operators that came to those meetings and they would use it to lobby their interest. And then there'd be community groups, there'd be heritage groups, all sorts of different lobbies, and trying to get to the nib of who those groups are and what their interest is, is also something that needs to be understood.
Further, some government and community members feel that rather than representing community interests the Management Committee is, unacceptably, being used for self-interest by community members, to gain personal employment or opportunities:
Let's say we are doing alien clearing: a person from the executive will look for his or her company to do that [contract] . . . So now each and every one now is looking for that “slice of bread”. So that is what is gonna break the MDCA down.
A fourth barrier surrounds what we broadly refer to as capacities (Theme B4).
Many interviewees feel that, due to the disjointed process, there is a persistent lack of sustained capacity and skills within the Management Committee to effectively organize and run MDCA, and without sustained support from conservation and University of Cape Town staff, MDCA would essentially collapse:
There's been this capacity building that is happening as far back as 1999, but it does not produce any capacity . . . since there was training, it should have produced people who have management skills, who can manage finances, who can manage the organization—we don't seem to have those people . . . Simple bookkeeping, simple minutes taking, simple leading the organ is at ion in a particular direction—it's not happening.
(interview, University of Cape Town)
Concerns also exist regarding the capacity of government actors to effectively engage with MDCA and nearby communities, and this capacity-deficit is acknowledged by government actors themselves in terms of community development understanding and expertise:
There needs to be a sense, even in an informal settlement where the poorest of poor live, of the interdependence and the longer term view that one needs to have of your interaction with nature; it's as simple as that [but] it's not an issue that comes naturally if you're thinking about where you're going to get your next plate of food . . . On paper [comanagement] looks different from implementation, and it's because there's just a lack of understanding between the choices or the lack of choices these people [informal settlers] have got.
(interview, City of Cape Town Planning)
Furthermore, many community members feel it is unfair and obstructive that the Management Committee, through the University of Cape Town, lacks adequate access to MDCA’s funds and resources (Theme B5)
, and are consequently forced to spend personal money to keep up MDCA’s work:
We've done so many things out of our own pockets and nobody sees it, but we're driving things for the community . . . My poor vehicle, his poor vehicle, is already broken down for running up and down for community things, and we're not getting paid for it. There's a lot of things—I mean you don't get a salary for doing these things, we're doing these things on a voluntary basis, but we've found that it is not possible to do it anymore.
(interview, Macassar resident)
Meanwhile, some conservation staff feel the University of Cape Town’s funding of MDCA serves to unethically and ultimately unsustainably “prop up” a community organization:
I think the wrong thing about [University of Cape Town] is that they were trying to prop up an organization . . . They've been getting some funding for their office, and partly subsidizing them and that . . . and it's just really, really, really wrong. I dunno; it's just doesn't kind of work, you know, because it's not sustainable . . . They're actually trying to prop them up with money, you know, [which the MDCA] need to be able to get themselves.
(interview, City of Cape Town Conservation)
A central theme, already evident in the historical reconstruction of the comanagement process, is the perception of discontinuities in the process and changing participants in MDCA (Theme B6)
. Some Cape Flats Nature and community participants feel the high turnover of City of Cape Town and the University of Cape Town staff has been problematic for process continuity. Erratic MDCA membership in general is perceived as a significant barrier, each time requiring a revitalization process, and resulting in lost capacity and the repeated revisiting of issues and ideas:
It just seems to me that every time we have a new Committee there's new personalities involved, new ideas. And you would prefer to go forward but you end up going two steps, three steps back . . . And that's where it's at at the moment again.
(interview, City of Cape Town Conservation).
Crucially, interviewees from all groups recognize as problematic the City of Cape Town’s changed stance from support to objection in regards to MDCA’s project proposals, and in the failure of all parties to effectively communicate and reach consensus on viable alternatives:
The City said 'we don't have any problem with the eco-trails, but no structures will be built on-site'. So, over the years . . . the project has been on the same spot, it has been arguing and discussing with the City whether they can build a structure or not.
(interview, University of Cape Town)
Also identified are three related issues of perceptions of motivation and trust, and commitment to comanagement (Theme B7)
. In general, the long and stilted processes of deliberation, persistent issues, and lack of results have caused many people to become de-motivated and lose interest in the MDCA. Some feel motivation is only present when there is funding available, dropping off when there is none. Others feel motivation was severely quashed when the City of Cape Town rejected the MDCA's project plans. Moreover, some feel the City of Cape Town and/or University of Cape Town are not committed in the long term to making comanagement sustainable. At the same time, some government interviewees recognize that their own unwillingness to fully participate is representative of MDCA’s historical failure and their distrust that the organization can run sustainably. Given perceived low organizational capacities, the University of Cape Town does not trust the Management Committee members to carry out their functions and responsibilities. This concern is spurred by the University of Cape Town’s accountability to funding bodies to spend the granted funds as they were intended:
Now there's this tension between [University of Cape Town] and the Management Committee on the ground. [The Committee] want to manage the funds [but University of Cape Town] says 'no, we need to account for these funds'. And even myself, if I was [University of Cape Town] I wouldn't give them the money. In my mind there's something that says 'they can't manage it'. I'm not sure why. It's not something intelligent—I'm from the community, I was born and grew up in the townships—I can tell you that they cannot do it. I'm not sure what's lacking, but what I'm saying is I'm not sure what could be done to enhance people's capacity, to be sure that those who are involved in the comanagement have the capacity, have the know-how of running an organization . . . Now, it remains the City that's still managing that area all by itself.
(interview, University of Cape Town).
The range of perceptions evident within this analysis demonstrates with all clarity that the practice of comanagement at the rapidly growing Cape Town “urban fringe” presents no easy task. And certainly, the perceptions confirm that comanagement is not just about managing natural resources, but it is also fundamentally about managing social relationships (Goetze 2005). Yet when significant differences are evident in what constitutes “everyday life” between those engaged in comanagement, the management of such relationships is infused with significant power differentials, and thus is potentially highly problematic. While some comanagement participants live in informal shack dwellings that perhaps lack proper sewerage and water access, others are more securely housed and employed, and tasked with the clear objective of protecting biodiversity. Nonetheless, this apparently incongruous situation is bound to become more frequent as natural resource management engages the “urban fringes” in cities of the Global South. Before moving to a more case-based discussion, Macassar Dunes seems to provide some initial hints of new dimensions of comanagement practice that will require more research across various case studies to be able to explore these dimensions in the context of natural resource management theory-making.
One such dimension is the intersection of comanagement and urbanization and poverty/informality. In this case study this intersection shaped perceptions of the comanagement process, as well as the actual framing of the comanagement arrangements. While conservation biologists feared that the urban poor of eNkanini would “invade” the protected area, the long-term community of Macassar felt that the comanagement arrangement was too focused on the informal settlers of eNkanini. The political volatility and relative ease by which informal settlers can move their dwellings, or build new dwellings—using corrugated metal and recycled material—appears as a crucial dimension that intersperses amongst several identified bridges and barriers. This situation demonstrates the complex and relational nature of power dynamics and stakeholder agency within the comanagement process. This dimension of informality is a situation that is likely general across many city spaces in the Global South.
A second related dimension is how poverty and equity issues intersect with spatial and economic development desires and trajectories. This dimension relates to what local and national governments or NGOs can possibly promise as material or economic benefits when they initiate comanagement arrangements. Although rural studies often deal with poverty, it seems to be the concentration of poverty in this urban case study that presents a new dimension requiring further research in the context of urban comanagement regimes. The question is not so much whether “locals” or “indigenous people” should be able to extract resources from the protected area, but whether or not the area is to continue to exist de facto
as a protected area at all. Few studies of comanagement have anything to say about how these dimensions intersect and how to analyze them, let alone how to handle them in practice. However in order to begin examining them we propose to analyze a subset of them through the lenses of “implementation”, “legitimacy”, and comanagement as “process”.
Comanagement implementation, legitimacy, and process
The formative stages of the comanagement process represent a fundamental comanagement barrier for some interviewees, and have implications in the contemporary setting in relation to who should now “take responsibility” for the MDCA’s functioning. Initial implementation of comanagement at Macassar Dunes can be viewed as biased towards a more “top-down approach”, initiated and implemented as it was by government staff and researchers. This stands in contrast to Chuenpagdee and Jentoft’s (2007:659) understanding that, ideally, comanagement should “start from a heartfelt problem at the community level and not from some conceptual problems perceived at a higher level”. The educational (and top-down) activities have worked to inform township and eNkanini residents that the dunes can protect them from prevailing winds, and have thus worked to provisionally halt further spreading of the settlement. Importantly, these activities are collectively viewed by interviewees as bridges to comanagement. This process might be one way of starting to embed the dunes and their values in “everyday life” by showing their utility value, and it is also reflective of a top-down shaping of values and problems.
At the same time, the issues regarding comanagement implementation are rather complex and nuanced in the stakeholder perceptions. For one, the situation at Macassar Dunes denotes a complex interplay between the top-down and bottom-up approaches, because the perceptions herein indicate that impetus to maintain the comanagement process now comes largely from the “bottom-up”, in the form of local community representatives of Macassar and Khayelitsha. Secondly, the perceptions of improper comanagement implementation and facilitation are disputed by different interviewees. The University of Cape Town, for example, understands they have taken time to understand the local contextual situation (Chuenpagdee and Jentoft 2007) and moreover sought to involve all relevant stakeholders through long and intensive processes of community engagement and extensive capacity building, and that this fact has been lost through the course of the stilted process and changing comanagement membership. Furthermore, the granted comanagement funds are perceived by many stakeholders (and, importantly, by the community members) as representative of real potential for community development and comanagement collaboration at Macassar Dunes. The perception exists that consequential to these formative stages the local communities do not understand the concepts, goals, processes, and outcomes of comanagement. However, it rather appears as of 2009 that comanagement partners have failed to reach shared understandings of what are the terms of reference for the comanagement arrangements (Cundill 2010), or what Borrini–Feyerabend et al. (2001:41) describe as “a common vision of a desired future”.
What these issues speak to is the concept of comanagement legitimacy, which Kofinas’ (2005) asserts is essential for achieving stakeholder consensus and then for transforming that consensus into action within the group. The failure of MDCA to reach agreement on alternative project plans is testament to this need for a shared sense of legitimacy. At the time of this study, perceptions differed regarding the legitimacy of the arrangements, and thus decision-making processes and tangible comanagement outcomes have proven largely untenable. The University of Cape Town, on the one hand, feels that without formal government acceptance of comanagement arrangements “there is no comanagement”, and both conservation and University of Cape Town staff feel that MDCA is not functioning as an organization. On the other hand the long-existing arrangements, the available project funding, and the constitution developed between the University of Cape Town and communities in 2003 were expressions of legitimate arrangements for many community members, in particular for those who had been involved for several years—some since the comanagement’s inception.
Perceptions of legitimacy are also dynamic and liable to change, and thus require cultivation if the legitimacy perception is to persist (Kofinas 2005). Shifting perceptions of the legitimacy of the arrangements at Macassar Dunes are perceptible through the discontinuities in process and participation. For example, there is community awareness that these formal arrangements lack specific mechanisms for decision-making processes, and frustration is present that comanagement faces seemingly unnecessary barriers posed by authorities, such as hindered access to financial and organizational resources and lack of trust and commitment. It furthermore appears these legitimacy concerns and resultant process discontinuities are manifest through motivational loss for comanagement participation at several times, and thus the repeated need for process revitalizations. Castro and Nielsen (2001:237) have noted that in the frame of comanagement “[v]iable and productive networks will not happen without an adequate investment of time, financial resources, and social capital”. It appears that consideration of these issues is a central priority at Macassar Dunes, because at the most fundamental level the various stakeholder groups have differentiated access and ability to engage with comanagement on a processual level.
Legitimacy issues also come into focus because the University of Cape Town and the government organizations are waiting for the community members of the MDCA to act “independently” of their input, rather than seeing themselves as crucial actors in a sustained partnership effort between all comanagement partners. At a fundamental level these legitimacy issues speak to the importance of recognizing comanagement as process,
involving extensive deliberation, negotiation, and the evolution
of agreements (Berkes 2009). Armitage et al. (2009) have noted that some arrangements may take over a decade to “mature” into effective governance arrangements, based on trust and social capital, open communication, and commitment to repeated stakeholder interaction. Issues of lack of trust and commitment to the comanagement process, and failure to communicate effectively to make decisions at Macassar Dunes, signify the process had not at the time of the study matured into effective governance arrangements, despite the decadal time frame. Indeed, this is most fundamentally represented by the perceived barriers of poor leadership, unequal power-sharing, and poor decision-making processes. Recognition of comanagement as processual highlights further how power-sharing comes as a result of the process
, rather than just because it is an initial expected outcome (Carlsson and Berkes 2005).
On the other hand, many of the bridges suggest the successful building of social capital between the Macassar and Khayelitsha communities, and between government institutions and communities. Together with educational and value-change processes, we suggest it is in these areas where the comanagement arrangement’s strengths lie. However, these successes are simultaneously perceived as tenuous, and further exploration is required on why these perceptions are unstable.
Opening possibility spaces
Thus far our study and analysis are couched within the conceptual apparatus of contemporary natural resource management theories, and comanagement theory in particular. This analysis of the bridges and barriers to comanagement of Macassar Dunes through comanagement theory has provided important insights to questions of conflict and historical and processual issues encountered within the arrangements to 2009. However, much remains to be understood abut the complex interplay between the bridges and barriers, the stakeholders, and indeed the place—Macassar Dunes—itself, which, after all, has motivated the interviewees to act on its behalf in the comanagement arrangements. Given there is little research on a phenomenon that will most certainly increase—the management of biodiversity and ecological values at the fringes of rapidly growing cities in the Global South—one might ask if conventional natural resource management discourse is “up to the task” of reflecting on this complex interplay, or rather if new methods and theories need to be developed for and from the places with which they seek to interact. We here allude that a broader research agenda is necessary to push theory on natural resource management and comanagement to include the complex spaces of the urban fringes of the Global South. (And, indeed, to the many (often invisible) urban fringes and complex spaces of the Global North.)
Consideration of how Macassar Dunes becomes
“the fringe” through the constitution of its counterpart, “the center” provides an important entry point for reflecting on why such theoretical innovation is required, and indeed, on the power relations manifest in natural resource management discourse, theory, and practice. With offices at the world-renowned Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, and speaking from the discursive and geographical “center”, the South African National Biodiversity Institute biologists Rebelo and colleagues (2011) summed up the threats facing Cape Town’s highly biodiverse strandveld vegetation areas, which are located at the urban fringe of the densely populated and largely impoverished Cape Flats (of which Macassar Dunes belongs). In contrast to the locations of high biodiversity, fynbos vegetation found in the formerly “white”, established, and better-resourced suburbs of Cape Town, "strandveld tends to have large-scale dumping of industrial and builders' rubble, extensive removal of medicinal plants and firewood, illegal hunting with dog packs, and largely disinterested communities who either see the reserves as “bush of evil” due to drug-, rape-, and safety issues, and who are antagonistic to conservation officers, or where interest groups exist, these tend to be community-focused and under-resourced” (Rebelo et al. 2011: 30). In the context of urban nature conservation, as defined from “the center”, the “urban fringe” becomes framed as problematic and threatening, and without ability to speak for itself.
Consequently, if the starting point for comanagement at the “urban fringe” is defined by “the center”, then the core values around which comanagement is organized, implemented, and negotiated, and on which basis “educational activities” are premised and conflicts “resolved”, these will be defined by the core values of “the center”. This Foucauldian notion of how power relations define what is to be considered of value—and indeed, how reality is to be conceived—can work to silence alternative voices at “the fringe” (see Foucault 1980; Swyngedouw 2009). If comanagement is a process by which to “democratise decision-making” (Armitage et al. 2007), and which ought not partake within a “deep-colonizing” project (Rose 1999; see Howitt and Suchet-Pearson 2006) then this insight of how “the center” might seek to control the meanings and values at “the fringe” demands, we believe, different methods and theories for research and understanding.
Based on our interpretation of the interview data, we recognize “the fringe” as a concept that is both relational and subjective, and, furthermore, one that is layered with historical assumptions about “the center” and its hierarchical gaze and distanced relativity to the “othered” fringe. In aiming to problematize this framing of the fringe, and to better understand the social-ecological dynamics that necessarily influence any attempt at comanagement, future research will need to draw on scholarly work that seeks to reframe the fringe and its conventional associations. For example, geographical work on spaces of the urban fringe that has highlighted the tenuousness of dichotomous urban/rural understandings (see Lerner and Eakin 2011) provides important reframing potentialities. It is at these “fringe” locations that conventional associations of “the urban” and “the rural”, and expected relationships between “people and nature” and “people and the city”, are challenged. Indeed, the ways urban green areas are purportedly used and conceived in Cape Town's urban fringe seemingly challenge Rebelo et al.'s (2011) normative associations of how urban protected areas should
be used and valued.
Further, Howitt (2001:242) seeks to recontextualize colonial and neocolonial “geographical imaginaries” of “the borderlands”, “edges”, “frontiers” away from spaces of fear, and otherness to “liminal spaces” of much diversity, in which the possibility spaces for constructive exchange, interaction, and co-existence are opened, rather than predefined in advance by those in the “center”. Lloyd et al. (2010: 701) also show how the use of personal and culturally embedded stories “redefine the border as a dynamic and active space and as a site of complex encounters”. To engage, or indeed construct, these possibility spaces, future research will need to strive to set existing comanagement theory in communication with cultural geographical theory, and also strive to help to open possibility spaces among academics on how to recombine different bodies of work to construct a theory for the “urban fringes” of the Global South. The aim must be to generate empirical data and theory that are sensitive to the ways of knowing and valuing “fringe” places of those living at the “fringe”, and in so doing, attending to the diverse array of human-environment relationships and the range of understandings and ways of knowing ecological complexity. We believe this will provide important insights to comanagement at Macassar Dunes, and to the bridges and barriers perceived by MDCA stakeholders. Such insights will also be important for considering comanagement as theory and practice in the possibility space of “substantial promise” and “source of conflict” (Castro and Nielson 2001).
We hope to have contributed here to building a body of knowledge about a specific urban protected area comanagement arrangement, in the context of a rapidly urbanizing city in the Global South. Our empirical account aimed to give some voice to those engaged and involved in such processes on-the-ground. Through concentrating on perceived successes and failures in the process (Berkes 1997) we have explored the possibilities of both conflict and common ground in comanagement arrangements. Certainly, analysis of these bridges and barriers through the lens of comanagement theory has provided important understandings regarding the processes of comanagement, and the attendant capacities and limitations of stakeholders to engage with these.
While we primarily focused on the potentialities for conflict and common ground in the specific comanagement arrangements at Macassar Dunes near Cape Town, South Africa, we have also pointed out new research directions for a phenomenon that is bound to increase: namely, the management of biodiversity and ecological values at the fringes of rapidly growing cities in the Global South. Novel dimensions that seem to influence comanagement at the urban “fringe” include how the greater scale of poverty intersects with informality, and economic, social, and spatial development desires of differing stakeholder groups, and what material or economic benefits can be promised at the initiation of comanagement arrangements. We further made the case that the repertoire of research on comanagement processes at the urban fringe needs to expand to include theories and methods that can deal with issues of power and valuation processes. The inclusion of such can serve to recontextualize the “fringes” as possibility spaces for constructive interaction, through which diverse values and ways of knowing may be coconstructed through urban comanagement processes, rather than these being predefined and determined by those at “the center”.
The first author is very grateful to the people of Macassar Dunes Co-Management Association for their kind assistance during the fieldwork research. Both authors are also most grateful for the comments from two anonymous referees, and for helpful suggestions from Dr. Sandie Suchet-Pearson, Macquarie University. This research was funded by the Formas Research Council through the Ways of Knowing Urban Ecology project, which aims to rethink urban ecology and natural resource management theory and practice (Dnr: 250-2010-1372). It was also funded jointly by the Swedish Research Council (VR) and South Africa’s National Research Foundation (NRF) through the ESCAPE Project on the governance of urban ecosystem services in Cape Town city region (2007-4878-49975-4). The authors are most appreciative of the assistance and linkages that these projects facilitated. This paper is a product of the Urban Ecology CityLab which is part of the CityLab programme of the African Centre for Cities at the University of Cape Town. The African Centre for Cities' CityLab programme is funded through the Mistra Urban Futures network (which is funded by Mistra–The Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research and by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency), the Provincial Government of the Western Cape (Department of Human Settlements), and the City of Cape Town.
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World Parks Congress 2003, Durban, Benefits Beyond Boundaries, IUCN, The World Conservation Union. [online] URL: http://www.earthlore.ca/clients/WPC/English/grfx/recommendations/PDFs/r25.pdf | <urn:uuid:77a658c7-c9c8-4354-8aad-cd6cb93f9d93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol17/iss3/art34/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931726 | 18,959 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The Dataset for Hate Speech Detection in Indonesian
The dataset is a two columns data of: label - tweet.
The label is Non_HS or HS:
- Non_HS for "non-hate-speech" tweet
- HS for "hate-speech" tweet.
It consists of 713 tweets in Indonesian
- Number of Non_HS tweets: 453
- Number of HS tweets: 260.
Since this dataset is unbalanced, you might have to do over-sampling/down-sampling in order to create a balanced dataset.
Ika Alfina, Rio Mulia, Mohamad Ivan Fanany, and Yudo Ekanata, "Hate Speech Detection in Indonesian Language: A Dataset and Preliminary Study ", in Proceeding of 9th International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems 2017(ICACSIS 2017).
You can use this dataset for free. You don't need our permission to use it. Please cite our paper if your work uses our data in your publication. Please note that you are not allowed to create a copy of this dataset and share it publicly in your own repository without our permission.
ika.alfina [at] cs.ui.ac.id | <urn:uuid:8805325c-5602-4683-aa20-e0fae74397dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://github.com/ialfina/id-hatespeech-detection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.802833 | 272 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Personality and anxiety disorders across species are affected by genetic and
October 16, 2017
Personality and anxiety disorders across species are affected by genetic and environmental factors. and separation anxiety had less daily exercise. Our findings suggest that dogs share many of the same environmental factors that contribute to anxiety in other species as well, such as humans and rodents. Our study highlights the importance of early life experiences, especially the quality of maternal care and daily exercise for the welfare and management of the dogs, and reveals important confounding factors to be considered in the genetic characterization of canine anxiety. Introduction Large and stable personality differences (also called coping styles, temperament, behavioral syndrome) are observed in many behavioral traits, such as in aggressiveness or fearfulness across species [1C2]. However, although the personality variation is well-documented in many species, the ontogeny and development of personality is less studied . Personality dimensions have high heritability estimates (h2 = 0.3C0.5) [4C6] however, environmental factors also have a large contribution. Parallel to the study of genetics of personality, we also need information on the environmental factors that might affect the development of various personalities. In this study, we will investigate environmental factors that associate with fearfulness in privately owned family dogs. A dog is included in every third household in Finland, and the estimated worldwide population size of dogs varies from 700,000,000 to one billion . Canine personality has a large impact on both the canines and the owners welfare. Aggressiveness is often motivated by fear, and bite injuries resulting from human-directed aggression could be considered an important public health concern. Domestic dogs are also diagnosed for several anxiety-related behavioral conditions, such as generalized anxiety disorders, phobias, and separation anxiety, which in some cases can be considered as severe welfare issues in dogs . Fearful dogs are also not suitable to be trained as working dogs . Fear and anxiety are both emotions with negative valence . Fear is suggested to be brief in duration, stimulated by a specific stimuli, and resulting in either fight or flight, whereas anxiety is prolonged, focused on the future, and does not necessarily have a specific object of threat [11C13]. In dogs, fearfulness can be categorized based on the object and the situation into social and non-social fearfulness . The social category includes fear of unfamiliar people and dogs, whereas the non-social fear Ccategory includes fear of different objects such as new situations, loud noises (noise phobia / noise sensitivity), heights, or shiny/slippery floors. In the literature, fear of loud noises is often referred to as noise phobia because of extreme panic reactions in some cases. However, we prefer to use the proposed term noise sensitivity , since often fearful behavioral reactions towards loud noises, such as thunder storms, fireworks or gun shots, do not Niranthin manufacture fulfill the criteria of phobia. Separation anxiety in dogs refers to a behavior that includes signs of anxiety, fear, or phobia expressed by a dog when separated from the owner . Fearfulness and noise sensitivity have relatively high heritability [16C18], but are largely Niranthin manufacture affected also by the environment. Two major environmental factors known to affect general fearfulness in dogs include lack of juvenile experiences and aversive learning. Deficits in early socialization [19C21] and unpleasant experiences at any age affect Niranthin manufacture a dogs fearfulness. Sound awareness is normally considered to take place because of undesirable encounters frequently, however, various other systems are likely mixed up in advancement of the issue [23 also,24]. Just a few environmental elements, such as for example getting the owner’s initial pup , being truly a sterilized feminine , or having shorter daily strolls and fewer actions have already been discovered to correlate with sound sensitivity. Interestingly, the consequences of the grade of maternal treatment on fearfulness or Mouse monoclonal to CD15 sound sensitivity is not investigated in canines previously, despite its importance on developing character in other types [28,29] and the actual fact that a family members canines breeding system enables detailed observation over the maternal treatment. Dog is recommended to be always a organic animal model for most complex human features, behavior included, [30,31] because of the exclusive population background and hereditary architecture from the breeds. The entire goal of our analysis is to discover loci in charge of various nervousness traits in canines and towards this purpose, we’ve previously validated and developed an owner-filled questionnaire study created for behavioral genetic test collection . The main goal of this research was to research associated environmental elements in fear-related behaviors in family members canines utilizing a validated owner-filled. | <urn:uuid:570b2af6-df0c-4a6e-a843-88fe55b9d1f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sprentland.com/tag/mouse-monoclonal-to-cd15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955863 | 982 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Retired Pope Benedict XVI has reemerged as the co-author of a new book expressing his belief in priestly celibacy, a potential point of conflict with Pope Francis after bishops in the recent synod on the Amazon called for the ordination of married men as priests to address the Roman Catholic priest shortage.
After he vowed to remain “hidden from the world” and pledge obedience to the new pope when he retired in 2013, Benedict's book, entitled “From the Depths of Our Hearts: Priesthood, Celibacy and the Crisis of the Catholic Church," made the case that celibacy was a necessary foundation of the priesthood.
“The priesthood of Jesus Christ causes us to enter into a life that consists of becoming one with him and renouncing all that belongs only to us," Benedict wrote, according to excerpts from the English version which The Associated Press obtained. “For priests, this is the foundation of the necessity of celibacy but also of liturgical prayer, meditation on the Word of God and the renunciation of material goods.”
Marriage, he wrote, required man to give himself totally to his family. “Since serving the Lord likewise requires the total gift of a man, it does not seem possible to carry on the two vocations simultaneously. Thus, the ability to renounce marriage so as to place oneself totally at the Lord’s disposition became a criterion for priestly ministry.”
Co-authored by Guinean Cardinal Robert Sarah, who has led the Vatican's liturgy office and was seen as a silent critic of Francis, the book weighed in on a controversial topic that has taken the spotlight since Francis floated the opinion that celibacy was a tradition, not doctrine, suggesting exceptions could be made to accept married priests into the church.
“It is urgent and necessary for everyone—bishops, priests and lay people—to stop letting themselves be intimidated by the wrong-headed pleas, the theatrical productions, the diabolical lies and the fashionable errors that try to put down priestly celibacy,” the two authors wrote. “It is urgent and necessary for everyone—bishops, priests and lay people—to take a fresh look with the eyes of faith at the Church and at priestly celibacy which protects her mystery.”
A majority of bishops at the synod in October said married men should be ordained to offer a supply for the shortage of priests. Francis has said he would write a document based on the outcome of that meeting.
Benedict's book could be considered a public attempt by the retired pope to sway the thinking of the current pope.
The implications for such an intervention are likely to fuel renewed anxiety about the unprecedented situation of two popes, but both authors wrote in the book that it was written “in a spirit of filial obedience to Francis.”
The Associated Press contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:c7a42571-f596-4457-a68d-605b738e8ce9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxnews.com/world/pope-benedict-francis-priest-celibacy-married-book | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.979326 | 603 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The Non-Coated Advantage
CASWELL FIRESAFE® Non-Coated product has intrinsic performance benefits but it also holds significant commercial and environmental advantages over systems which employ an applied coating or cladding. As no additional treatments are required, cost is both reduced and controlled; potential risk throughout the supply chain is also negated.
Fast. ‘Non-Coated’ means that there is no coating to cure before shipment or use, so quick response to orders and manufacturing turnaround is assured. Valuable manufacturing / indoor storage space is also released. If required, supplementary orders for add-on pieces can be processed and delivered swiftly.
Convenient / Economic. Fast install and ease of handling reduces on-site operative costs. CASWELL FIRESAFE® systems are produced with product and project-specific labelling which aids quick and easy identification and full traceability throughout the supply chain. ‘Non-Coated’ means the risk of unscheduled time, extra cost and logistical effort – i.e. due to damage to a coating, covering or cladding treatment during installation or transportation – is removed.
Aesthetic. Clean, high-grade Galvanised Steel* finish reduces susceptibility to surface damage. Also, nothing is ‘covered up’ – with the unavoidable exception of systems which require to be Insulated – so visual inspection is made simple. CASWELL FIRESAFE® systems employ a number of individually branded components. This has the dual benefit of declaring their ‘fitness for purpose’ as fire resisting products and providing visual confirmation that the system is ‘as specified’ and has not been substituted with a lesser, unbranded product. * Stainless Steel and welded Mild Steel are alternative material specifications for some applications.
Durable. High-grade base materials, quality engineered fabrication methods with appropriate stiffening components makes for a very tough, durable product.
Dependable. Fire resisting integrity remains the same as when it was manufactured as there are no applied coatings to potentially degrade or be damaged during transit, site storage or installation. Minimal maintenance in operation – extending to simple visual checks and a scheduled internal duct cleaning regime in accordance with B&ES TR/19 Guidelines – allows the ductwork to remain effective. Appropriate ductwork support systems are advised (T1) or installed (T2/T3) to ensure the whole installation is not only safe and secure but will remain so and perform its intended role for many decades…potentially for the life of the building.
Environmental. Manufactured from recyclable steel, it is ecologically benign. Degreasing, etching, priming and coating processes are eliminated, so there is minimal ecological impact from chemicals & VOCs and no extra energy is expended. Ancillary products, such as our water-based intumescent sealants, are also formulated to reduce impact to the bare minimum.
The fabrication process for CASWELL FIRESAFE® product allows significant time & cost savings in the manufacturing process. Non-Coated product assures that ‘just in time’ or short lead contracts can be fulfilled. Both the installation contractor and the Main Contractor can be confident that Plan of Work deadlines will be met, so avoiding potential penalties.
CASWELL FIRESAFE® Non-Coated fire-resisting ductwork system achieves its high rating for fire resistance from its superior design specification and construction. Manufacture and installation is strictly prescribed and controlled. It is also certified to the highest standards. This provides peace of mind to any person or organisation responsible for specifying, approving, supplying or installing compliant fire resisting systems. | <urn:uuid:da76a6b4-e65f-40bf-bedf-be2b6b27ed97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.caswellfrd.com/product/fab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941354 | 752 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Young Explorers Kits on CD Vol. 3
In Stock - While Supplies Last
Effective kids’ discipleship at a budget-friendly price!
Perfect for your children’s church, midweek, or summer program, Young Explorers includes the
curriculum and printouts you need for exciting lessons with truths straight from the Bible.
into 4 themes with 13 lessons each, this Young Explorers Kit takes kids on adventures into
wilderness, a kids club, and construction site. The complete kit is on a CD-ROM that allows you
print everything you need, and also included an audio CD with songs and sound effects. Young
Explorers sessions use a variety of activities such as giving, praise time, pre-Bible lesson
activities, Bible story worship and prayer, and memory verse fun to plant God’s Word into kids’
VOLUME 3 INCLUDES:
- Life’s Ups and Downs: Lessons on Saul and David (Wilderness theme)
- Jesus’ Names Kids Club: Lessons on the Life of Jesus (Kids Club theme)
- Gladiator: Lessons about God’s Armor (Roman theme)
- Construction Zone: Lessons on the Temple and the Exile (Construction theme)
On the CD-ROM:
- 52 Lesson plans
- Reproducible activity sheets
- Copy masters and overhead masters (for use with PowerPoint, handouts, or as backdrops)
- 52 puppet skits
On the Audio CD
- 18 theme-related songs
- 18 theme-related sound effects
PC – Windows 98 or greater and Acrobat Reader 5 or greater
MAC – System 9.0 or greater and Acrobat Reader 5 of greater
See what's in the Young Explorers CD volumes.
Download a preview booklet with sample lessons.
No Returns on opened electronic media unless defective. | <urn:uuid:d1d2a5e2-1733-4b11-b679-94a670210227> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myhealthychurch.com/store/startitem.cfm?item=260923 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.848891 | 409 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Referrals for 15
Often people approach United Cerebral Palsy for help because they don't know where else to turn. From resources on funding, housing, and employment to information on disability research and cerebral palsy, public education is a vital service of UCP, often linking people to their local affiliates for hands on support.
$75 will pay for the time it takes for an Information & Referral Specialist to assist 15 people with disabilities and their families. That means for every five dollars, a family indentifies a therapy program for their child, a father finds funding to buy an accessible van, or a woman is given employment resources. | <urn:uuid:00bcaced-0f7f-4201-8535-1dd939864b55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://giftsforhumanity.org/products/united-cerebral-palsy-support-families | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.935714 | 139 | 1.585938 | 2 |
According to a new report by ABC News, nationwide, there are 2.7 million grandparents raising grandchildren, and about one-fifth have incomes that fall below the poverty line, according to census figures.
Their ranks are increasing. The number of grandparents raising grandchildren is up 7 percent from 2009. Experts say the trend is likely to continue as the nation responds to the opiate epidemic. Military deployment and a growth in the number of women incarcerated are other factors forcing grandparents to step into parental roles.
Already, child welfare agencies are reporting an increase in the number of children, especially infants, taken from parents battling drug addictions and mental health issues. After years of declines, children in foster care rose by nearly 1 percent in 2013 and by 3.5 percent in 2014 to more than 415,000.
The increase comes as states are placing more foster children with relatives in response to research showing that children fare better with family rather than in foster care.
There is an economic incentive, too. Generations United, a nonprofit that advocates for “kinship families,” says taxpayers would see significant savings by keeping children out of foster care and placing them with relatives.
But at the same time, the group says there is no comprehensive framework to keep these kinship families stable. Crucial programs, such as legal services and support groups, “exist only in small pockets of the country,” it said.
Those support services are something many grandparents raising grandchildren need. Many are living on fixed incomes and managing chronic illnesses. About a quarter of grandparents raising grandchildren have a disability.
“People who step forward, step forward because there is a crisis in their family and apparently don’t take into account their own limitations,” said Esme Fuller-Thomson, a professor of social work at the University of Toronto, who has researched grandparent caregiving in the United States. Read full article
Elaine K. Williams, author of The Sacred Work of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren reports that one of the biggest challenges parenting grandparents face is the push-and-pull relationships they have with their grandchildren’s biological parents. The parents may make false promises to visit or to give their children a gift but fail to follow through, leaving children disappointed and angry. The parents pull them in with promises, and when they’re broken, the children feel rejected, or pushed away and grandparents are left to deal with the children’s deep anger.
Setting strong boundaries for the interaction between grandchildren and their biological parents, then, is critical to their emotional well-being. Every adult’s ability to trust or mistrust begins with this primary relationship, between parent and child. Parenting grandparents must provide safety, security, love, and a trusting home environment. They can’t let biological parents threaten children’s ability to trust and feel consistently loved. You make enormous sacrifices to ensure your grandkids have predictability and security. Don’t let anyone threaten that.
The Right Things to Say
We know that there are intergenerational challenges when grandparents raise grandchildren. Communication and understanding are key to healing the wounds created by grief and loss, for both generations. Knowing the very specific language that opens communication and bridges the generations is vital to building strong relationships. Parenting grandparents need to be able to answer difficult questions, like, “Why aren’t my parents raising me?” “Why is my parent in jail?” “What do I say when other kids ask me why you are so old?”
Since my book was published, my sister became a parenting grandparent to her two grandchildren, and I began to understand on an even deeper level what it means to become a parent for a second time. My writing, my workshops, and my work are totally dedicated to honoring the sacred and noble work, and the sacrifices made, by every parenting grandparent. | <urn:uuid:240d39ca-e321-4121-8160-083aef012106> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.grandmagazine.com/2016/02/more-grandparents-taking-on-parental-role-for-grandchildren/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952227 | 798 | 2.65625 | 3 |
After a 40 year run, The Wall Street Journal announced today that it will stop publishing its European and Asian editions.
It's hardly as surprise, following the News Corp's announcement that the international editions posted losses of $643 million this year.
Well, the news that papers are in trouble is hardly news. They have been in trouble since Craig Newmark first launched Craig's List in 1995, and initiated the ever continuing process of the Internet striping away advertising revenue from papers.
Today, Craigslit has been supplanted by Google and Facebook. Last year, Google and Facebook together grab an eye-watering 99% of all online advertising growth. The handwriting is on the wall, if not printed in the paper.
As well, readership for papers continue to fall of. Pretty much no one under the age of 30 reads a paper, and certainly does not buy one. The prospects here are poor.
If papers are going to survive, they are going to have to engage in some radical re-thinking on the revenue side. If there is no revenue, there is no newspaper. It is as simple as that.
Newspapers are many things, but one thing they are for sure is magnets for content creators - that is, people whose passion to create content. Newspapers don't attract people who really wanted to be artists but fell back onto journalism just in case. If you set out to be a reporter, it is knowing full well that you will never make a fortune, but you will spend your life telling stories.
That's a good start. The papers are repositories of armies of natural story tellers.
The mistake papers make, and the trick they miss is that they are still married to pen and ink (even if it is online). They may talk a good game of 'multimedia', but take a look at the 'papers', even online and what do you see? A printed newspaper on the screen.
Now, I don't want to be picky, but here is today's Asia Wall Street Journal online. Tell me, does it look any different from the print edition? I don't think so.
Now... the Internet, of course, does a lot more than just reproduce text- and it has done that since, Oh, say, 2005. It does a LOT more - it does video, it does live streaming, it does a LOT of user generated content (note: Facebook is 100% User Generated Content as is Instagram. They seem to be doing OK financially). Do you see ANY of that in the Asian Wall Street Journal?
I bet every reporter with the Asian Wall Street Journal has an iPhone (OK, or a Galaxy). I bet in their spare time they are shooting and posting video and putting stuff on Instagram and SnapChat all the time. They are NOT doing that for the WSJ.
See the problem.
Now, as it happens, TV and video still pay a lot. A lot. And your average person spends a whole lot more time watching video than reading. (In the US - 5 hours a day watching TV, 19 minutes a day reading).
So how hard would it be to take something like The Asian Wall Street Journal and move it from thinking 19th Century print to 21st Century digital media?
I guess we will never find out. | <urn:uuid:7dabc1da-363c-48b6-b426-144c84dd83e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thevj.com/vjworld/newspaper-death-march/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964233 | 690 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Auditor General South Africa capacitated the Committee on the mandate of the Auditor General, its prior limitations and the implications of the new powers given in the Public Audit Amendment Act which came into operation on 1 April 2019. These would give the AG ‘teeth’. The AG must report any material irregularity referred to a suitable public body for investigation; it must follow up that remedial action is implemented that the AG recommended for a material irregularity; if it has not been implemented, a certificate of debt may be issued against the accounting officer or authority for failure to act and implement the AG’s remedial action.
The amendments to the Act were needed due to the significant non-compliance and the lack of consequence management over the past ten years at national, provincial and municipal levels. Irregular expenditure has been increasing over the years at all levels of government due to the lack of consequence management.
Members asked about ministerial accountability; the role of the Portfolio Committee in holding the Administration and the Executive accountable; the implications of the expanded AG mandate; outcomes of the phase-in approach since April 1; role of the Executive Authority to ensure that internal controls were implemented in departments; and if the certificate of debt could be fast-tracked if compelling evidence of criminal activity was available. The Committee would be briefed on the 2018/19 audit on 9 October 2019.
NHI Bill provincial public hearings would start on 25 October with Mpumalanga and Northern Cape. Once those two provinces were complete, only then would a programme be devised for the other provinces. Request for an extension of the 11 October public submission deadline was still being considered but this would not halt the start of the provincial public hearings. Stakeholders would also be given an opportunity to make oral submissions in Parliament next year.
The Chairperson requested that due to time constraints AGSA should get straight to the point and touch on only the most important aspects of the presentation.
Auditor General of South Africa (AGSA) capacity building session
Mr Eugene de Haan, AGSA Deputy Business Executive, said that the Auditor General did not search for fraud when conducting its audits but it was obligated to report it if discovered. He touched on the root causes of continued poor audit outcomes which were slow or no response to the AG’s recommendations by management; incompetent or unstable people in key positions and the lack of consequence management.
AGSA considered its journey through the years, and the need for amendments was driven by concrete examples of how audits have been concluded over the past ten years at the national, provincial and municipal levels. There is a significant non-compliance and a lack of consequence management. Irregular expenditures have been increasing significantly over the years. There is clear evidence that audits were becoming a useless exercise. Things were not changing due to a lack of consequence management.
The extent to which there are indicators of possible abuse of public funds is something that was previously overlooked. The concept of 'material irregularity’ will allow the auditors to report on matters relating to abuse of public funds. The amendments encourage auditors to go deeper in looking at selected transactions, that appear suspicious.
According to the amended Act, once a recommendation on material irregularity has expired, it becomes a binding remedial action. There have been instances where some recommendations have been contested, but that is a normal exercise of one’s rights.
The concept of a certificate of debt is also introduced in the amended Public Audit Act. That certificate would be furnished to the accounting officer (director general) of the department or the accounting authority (board) of an entity if a material irregularity remains unaccounted for. The 'material irregularity' definition was explained as was the process for dealing with a material irregularity once identified.
Consequence management remains the role of those charged with oversight. Consequence management includes employing competent people in the right positions. It is not just about money.
The Chairperson said that slides 15 and 16 were critical because they outlined the causes of the challenges crippling the departments. However, the AG recommendations remain ignored. Members should pay attention to those issues so that the Committee can hold the Department to account on these matters. Slide 37 was fresh information that the AG shared with the Committee and Members needed to take note of it. He asked Members to limit clarity seeking questions due to time constraints.
Ms S Gwarube (DA) said that if Members were expected to perform their oversight role effectively, Members should be afforded adequate opportunity to ask questions.
The Chairperson indicated that he would allow Members to ask questions. He indicated that the Auditor General would be meeting the Committee on the first day of the next term and encouraged Members to ask questions then.
Ms E Wilson (DA) lamented that for the four weeks the Committee has been so busy that Members did not have sufficient time to engage with entities and stakeholders. Every opportunity that Members get to engage, they are either limited or circumvented from asking questions. This matter was to be raised at the Chief Whip’s Forum.
She referred to slide 32 and pointed out that a major concern was the Minister’s role in the accountability of the department. It would benefit Members if the AG would clarify the Minister’s role in holding the department or the accounting officer accountable. That links to the AG’s comment on oversight gaps – in particular the limited Committee resolutions and reports to the House to maximise impact. This was a serious gap and the AG should provide guidance to the Committee on this. The Committee receives the AG’s audit report in October and the Committee compiles its own report with recommendations and then it just ends there. From the AG’s point of view, what would it like the Committee to do to assist the AG in holding the Department and its entities, and its Accounting Officer and Minister accountable?
The Chairperson said he had explained to Members at the very beginning of the term that all Health entities would give an introductory briefing to the Committee on what it is they do and who they are. This was so Members were aware of the entities and what they do. He did not expect Members would have a list of questions at that stage only when they come back again. Members would have an opportunity to engage all entities as well as the Department again. The limitation for engagement and questions was deliberate because those sessions were intended to be introductory sessions – a meet and greet session.
Ms Gwarube referred to the expanded mandate of the AG which it had started implementing it on from 1 April as a phased-in approach. Have there been outcomes of the expanded mandate yet? Eight out of nine provincial health departments have adverse audit opinions almost annually. What is the role of the national department or the Executive Authority in ensuring internal audit mechanisms and a red flag system are implemented so that people are held accountable? Lastly, where there is compelling evidence of criminal activity; does the process have to take so long before the certificate of debt is issued? Under those circumstances, could the process be shortened?
Mr de Haan replied about the role of the Executive Authority. The PFMA make specific reference to the Director General as the Accounting Officer of the National Department and the Head of Department for the provincial department. That is why the Executive Authority would say that it is not his/her responsibility. However, the Executive Authority does have an oversight responsibility to ensure that governance structures were implemented. The role of the Executive Authority is to ensure oversight over the portfolio. Consequence management and misappropriation of funds are the Accounting Officer’s responsibility to follow up. The Committee would have to focus more on the Director General.
Mr de Haan replied about Committee resolutions. As a Committee you can make a resolution and forward it to the Accounting Officer to come and give feedback on the implementation of Committee recommendations. He recommended that the Committee should rely more on the PFMA in holding the Accounting Officer and Accounting Authority accountable. In addition, the Committee should ensure that the Department minimised the number of key people in acting positions.
Mr de Haan explained that the Director-General in the national department can only influence the HODs in the provinces; they cannot force the HoDs to perform certain duties or carry out certain tasks. The AG had started doing a Health Sector Report which would be presented to the Committee later. In the Health Sector Report the AG identified key focus areas across the board – national and provincial – and what money to follow for specific priorities. The only influence the national department has over the provincial department is through specific earmarked grants such as the conditional grants and the provincial share in the Division of Revenue Act (DORA). For other funds, the MECs or provincial ministers have autonomy. If you look at the MTSF and its requirements for Health, you must ensure that national and provincial are striving towards common goals.
The Chairperson asked AGSA when it returned on 9 October to summarise what it presented here as a refresher for Members.
NHI Bill public hearings programme
The Chairperson said that the provincial public hearings have been confirmed on the programme and would start on 25 October with Mpumalanga followed by Northern Cape. Only after those two public hearings have been held will the other provinces be considered. The Committee would then write to all political parties to inform them about the process which would unfold. The extension request for public submissions was still being considered but this would not halt the start of the provincial public hearings. Stakeholders would be given an opportunity to make oral submissions in Parliament as well next year.
The Committee agreed to the programme.
The Chairperson said that the Committee had received requests from stakeholders for an extension beyond the 11 October deadline for submissions. The Committee had replied and informed them that the request was receiving attention.
Ms Gwarube said that one had to have a sense of what the country was saying before the public hearings started and the timeline seemed quite tight. Logic dictates that by the time Members went to the public hearings on 25 October, they would not have seen the submissions beyond 11 October.
The Chairperson said a lot of submissions have come in, perhaps about 1000. It would be impossible to peruse all the submissions. Those that were not considered would be considered next year in March.
Mr T Munyai (ANC) agreed with the Chairperson that the Committee would not be able to consider all the submissions and the approach outlined by the Chairperson should prevail. Everyone would have an opportunity to be heard. He proposed that the Committee accept WhatsApp messages so that people were not limited. This had everything to do with the access to the internet.
The Chairperson welcomed the proposal and said that this had been raised and a team would be constituted separately for that platform.
Ms Vuyokazi Majalamba, Committee Secretary, agreed that she had received many submissions but not every stakeholder would come to make an oral presentation so that would not affect the dates that have already been set aside for public hearings. The stakeholders that have requested extensions are those that would come to the public hearings in Parliament next year after the provincial hearings. Therefore, even if the Committee were to extend, that would not affect the programme for the provincial hearings.
The meeting was adjourned.
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See detailed instructions for your browser here. | <urn:uuid:b7c2b9e3-ad73-481c-904c-9a2e4492603d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/28935/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.973778 | 2,347 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Purpose of Investigation: We aimed to find a prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in order to define the 100 genotypes and subset of 14 oncogenic genotypes in pregnant Turkish women and to compare these with non-pregnant women. Methods: Cervical thin-prep specimens were obtained from 164 women in the first trimester pregnancy and 153 non pregnant women. Results: 29.2% of pregnant versus 19.6% of non-pregnant Turkish women had at least one of the 100 types of HPV infection - a statistically significant difference. The rate of 14 high-risk HPV genotype infections was significantly higher in pregnant (14.6) compared to non-pregnant Turkish women (9.6%). Conclusions: Pregnant Turkish women are at higher risk for all HPV infections including high-risk cervical cancer genotypes. | <urn:uuid:42e62201-c48e-4951-85e1-cd859a524d71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avesis.istanbul.edu.tr/yayin/70188f28-e4c9-4d1e-87bf-1f602b8b611d/prevalence-of-human-papilloma-virus-infection-in-pregnant-turkish-women-compared-with-non-pregnant-women | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.94788 | 178 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) children and youth continue to experience marginalization, as institutions across the United States institute new oppressive policies that challenge and, in many cases, altogether prevent access to gender-affirming health care. TGE children and youth include young people between ages 3 and 17 whose gender identity is different from the sex designated at birth; the label “transgender” implies alignment with the gender binary (e.g., “I was designated female at birth and am a transgender man”), whereas gender-expansive identities do not align with the gender binary (e.g., “I was designated female at birth and am nonbinary — meaning that I am not a girl or boy”).
The realities of living as a TGE child or youth in today’s social, legal, educational and health-related environments are harrowing. Every day, new policies and legislation are introduced regarding TGE youth’s rights to access medically necessary gender-affirming health care, present as their authentic self at school, participate in extracurricular programs and sports, and have their appropriate name and pronouns honored in educational spaces.
As the parent of an incredible 12-year-old TGE child, my tolerance for the headlines is waning. I wake up each morning and check the latest news, and suddenly, I feel anxiety rising in my chest. I feel breathless and sick to my stomach. I have to put down my device and find a comforting television show or familiar rerun to watch before continuing with my day.
But we can do something about it. As helping professionals, we have an ethical obligation to support members of this community, as well as their caregivers and loved ones, and to advocate for dissolution of oppressive policies and legislation.
The current crisis
Despite over a decade of research and clear medical guidance supporting the efficacy of affirming social and medical interventions, several state and local governments across the United States have initiated anti-TGE legislation. In April 2022 alone, more than 20 pieces of legislation targeting the rights of TGE persons were introduced across the country.
On April 20, the Florida Department of Health released guidance on the treatment of gender dysphoria for children and adolescents, which states: “social gender transition should not be a treatment option for children or adolescents” and “anyone under 18 should not be prescribed puberty blockers or hormone therapy.” Alabama enacted a similar prohibition on affirming health care, but with more severe consequences for providers who violate the ban. The Vulnerable Child Compassion and Protection Act, which took effect May 8, states that health providers who provide gender-affirming puberty blockers or hormones will be charged with a Class C felony. Sanctions for violating the ban could include 10 years in prison or $15,000 in fines.
Standards of practice from the American Academy of Pediatrics and World Professional Association for Transgender Health, however, continue to support social and medical transition as a necessary option for the health and well-being for many TGE youth.
Earlier this year, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton issued an opinion stating that gender-affirming medical interventions, referred to as “elective sex changes,” are part of a “novel trend” and “constitute child abuse.” The fact that this opinion equates gender-affirming care with “child abuse” is of particular importance for helping professionals because this means credentialed providers are legally obligated to notify child protective services within 48 hours of learning that a minor is receiving gender-affirming medical care.
Many families and caregivers of TGE youth in Texas are now unable to access medically necessary gender-affirming interventions, such as puberty blockers and hormone replacement therapy. In addition, major TGE advocacy organizations are encouraging families and caregivers of TGE youth to maintain a “safe folder” — a collection of documentation that debunks the “affirming care is abuse” myth. The folder includes “carry letters,” which are documents written by licensed counselors, helping professionals and/or pediatricians who have worked with the youth. These letters contain the professional’s credentials, their relationship to the youth, a statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics supporting gender-affirming medical interventions as evidence-based and best practice, and an overview of the youth’s gender identity development process.
A call for advocacy
I share these current events not to stir your compassion but to make a request: Please act and advocate for TGE youth. You can pursue positive change in whatever realm you hold power, privilege or space. As a professional, I wear many hats, including assistant professor, mental health and substance use counselor, rehabilitation counselor, training facilitator and advocate. These professional roles provide a space for me to channel my anxieties and distress over these recent oppressive policies targeting TGE youth and work toward positive change.
For me, advocating for this population serves as a source of nourishment and a way to derive meaning from what feels like hopeless circumstances, and I hope that engaging in this work may do the same for my colleagues. Here are some ways helping professionals can better support the advocacy efforts for the TGE community:
- Use a humanistic lens when working with TGE children and youth and recognize the client as the expert on their own experience.
- Get to know the standards of care and research regarding evidence-based care with TGE youth. And make sure the research you consume and the information you share with others all come from prominent and reliable scholarly sources.
- Elevate the voices of TGE youth. If you work with this population, know what prominent TGE community organizations provide safe and brave spaces for TGE youth, and be prepared to share this information with your clients. If you facilitate trainings or educational opportunities for responsive and competent practice with the TGE community, and you yourself are not a member of this community, use panels of TGE folx to share their experiences and expertise.
- Inform people that gender-affirming social and medical interventions are medically necessary and are a key component of suicide prevention. According to a 2009 report by Caitlin Ryan, the director of the Family Acceptance Project, TGE children experiencing caregiver or family rejection are more than eight times as likely to have attempted suicide and nearly six times as likely to report high levels of depression than TGE youth who were not or only slightly rejected by their parents and caregivers. This report also found that TGE youth who were in accepting homes, with caregivers who supported social and/or medical affirming interventions, had rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts similar to their cisgender peers.
- Advocate with and on behalf of these youth in their living environments, schools and greater communities; this may include educating others about the role of affirming health care in preventing suicide and improving TGE youth’s overall health and well-being, testifying against oppressive anti-TGE legislation, or supporting affirming legislation.
- Honor the history of TGE communities by acknowledging the role of colonization and historical trauma in the erasure of histories of gender diversity. Recognize the systemic influence of adverse experiences in health care, schools, the legal system and other institutions on TGE individual’s ability to trust institutions. This history along with the major influential events in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) rights movement are key to understanding the intergenerational trauma and resilience of members of TGE communities.
- Keep learning! Developing one’s ability to provide culturally responsive care requires lifelong education and reflective practice. Sign up for workshops and continuing education regarding serving TGE individuals. And join consultation and supervision groups that focus on providing care to this population.
- Connect and advocate. Connect with a local TGE advocacy organization and volunteer to support their efforts; if time does not allow for this level of engagement, consider donating to these causes to support their advocacy work.
As LGBTQ+ advocate, actress and film producer Laverne Cox once stated, “Each and every one of us has the capacity to be an oppressor. I want to encourage each and everyone of us to interrogate how we might be an oppressor and how we might be able to become liberators for ourselves and for each other.” At this point in history, it is critical that we as helping professionals identify how our actions contribute to the oppression of our TGE clients and do better. The health and well-being of an entire generation of TGE youth need helping professionals who are willing to use their power and privilege to elevate their voices and serve as liberators.
Cortny Stark (she/her/hers) is an assistant professor and the substance use and recovery counseling program coordinator in the Department of Counseling and Human Services at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs. She is also a telehealth therapist with the Trauma Treatment Center and Research Facility, where she provides trauma reprocessing and integration, clinical services for substance use and process addictions, and support for transgender and gender-expansive youth. Her research focuses on LGBTQQIA+ issues in counseling, integrative approaches to trauma reprocessing and integration, and substance use and recovery.
Opinions expressed and statements made in articles appearing on CT Online should not be assumed to represent the opinions of the editors or policies of the American Counseling Association. | <urn:uuid:ab75b1ff-f6e1-4a28-916f-ac2685bc62af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ct.counseling.org/2022/07/supporting-transgender-and-gender-expansive-youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952345 | 1,933 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Reckless groping in the dark
fumbling for sparks.
Arrange sticks in a circle,
build a tent, begin small.
Kindle any glimmer with your own breath,
then crouch waiting for flame to catch
wood wet, drenched cold.
of wonder, then watch
this young twig too green
laugh with fire.
She, girl, mother, glows bright as fireflies,
sings flat out loud to know this joy:
Nothing can stop her
when the growing begins,
when the unknowable, untouchable, swells
to kick her hard from inside out.
Lay your head to the beating heart
and fall asleep in warmth.
We, like moon's dark side forever face away,
forget wave and particle,
turn stubborn backs to the shining.
What dangerous wild conflagration
can scorch these fields, to send
life rising up like prairie grass?
Tease the gift from ashes.
Guard the coals. Coax the flame.
Spanish speakers know, naming birth:
to give light.
Kae Penner-Howell lived in Chicago, where she was a featured reader in the thriving poetry scene when this poem appeared. | <urn:uuid:d5ee5ecf-2e25-4e3f-9e82-eccd4b6ac2fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sojo.net/magazine/december-1993/dar-luz | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.842712 | 262 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Paul Booth '64 on Pushing the Envelope in American Politics
In a talk on campus last week, labor activist Paul Booth '64 discussed the development of the American left and the state of the election. His talk was sponsored by the Department of Economics, the Department of Political Science, the Department of Sociology/Anthropology, and the Forum for Free Speech. Read more about his lecture in the Daily Gazette.
Booth graduated from Swarthmore with a B.A. in political science and international relations. In the 1960s, he founded the Swarthmore chapter of Students for a Democratic Society and served as national secretary of the organization. Booth joined the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) in the 1970s, where he led organizing in Illinois, then nationally in the '80s and '90s, and currently serves as executive assistant to the president. Booth also served on the platform drafting committee of the 2016 Democratic Convention and spoke at the event.
Nate: Paul is a Swarthmore alum, class of 1964, and he's joining us tonight from Florida, where he's actually been on the ground helping to organize for the election we have coming up in of couple weeks. You might have heard about it. You can stay after and ask him if you haven't [inaudible 00:00:16] on what's going on.
So, Paul is a Swarthmore graduate, class of 1964, which is really the root of Paul's work as an organizer. He began a chapter of Students for a Democratic Society at Swarthmore, serving as a national secretary and was involved in many other social movements along the way before he started his career and moved up to Michigan and eventually to Chicago, where he worked for a number of other notable social movements during that time, a laundry list of which I'm sure he will talk about tonight.
One of which, he actually met his wife Heather at, which, and there's a very cute story. I think date three of some protests, he asked her to marry him, which is a wonderful story, so look for your long-term partner at a protest, I guess. And he eventually joined the Illinois branch of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, AFSCME, which is one of the nation's largest unions.
After a successful stint in Illinois, Paul became AFSCME's national organizing director, and he now works in the president's office at AFSCME, which the position he's held for over a decade at this point. Most recently, Paul was one of a handful of Clinton appointees to the Democratic party's platform drafting committee, where he helped vote on amendments and draft one of the most progressive party platforms in party history. He's been working in Florida for the past couple months, and we're incredibly grateful to have him here tonight. Paul Booth.
Paul Booth: Thank you, Nate. Thank you to all the sponsoring organizations, one of which was the Department of Sociology did not exist in my undergraduate days because it was too soon to have sociology at Swarthmore. It just hadn't found itself. It's very nostalgic to be here because this building wasn't here, but the campus was, and I love coming back, and I'm devoted to this college.
But I'm going to talk about the political revolution that so many people got involved in, millions of people got involved in this year that has made 2016 very unusual, not the only thing that's made 2016 unusual. It has not turned out the way it seemed likely to do. It should have been, and it could have been, the payoff to the strategy of attack and rejection and polarization against the Obama presidency that was concocted instantly upon his inauguration.
There was actually a dinner at the home of Frank Luntz the night of January 20th eight years ago, where Boehner and Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan and Eric Cantor and the whole Republican brain trust sat down and decided to go forward with a strategy of complete opposition and resistance to the Obama presidency. Winning November 8th as they had every reason to expect they could do and consolidating a complete hold on political power in the United States of America, a long-term lock on the courts, a filibuster proof Senate majority, all of the power needed to finalize everything that Nixon and Reagan and Bush had started was a likely prospect 12 months ago.
Rolling back the economics of The New Deal and the egalitarianism of the '60s, even reversing the rights to abortion and to marriage equality, putting climate change deniers in charge of environmental protection, this could have been our condition in January 20th. And the financial resources to do it were pledged well in advance. You all know that the Koch brothers committed almost $900 million to this effort.
The prospects were so good that 17 top Republicans, or maybe 16, really, threw their hats in the ring. 16 governors, ex-governors, senators and ex-senators and one reality TV star. And only three Democrats even bothered to get involved, to take the plunge. And it wasn't just the culmination of an eight-year strategy. It was the culmination of something that had been worked on for 30 or 40 or even 50 years.
When I was in college here way back when, and I'm going to talk a little bit more about that, and Bernie Sanders was at the University of Chicago, both of us plunging into the new civil rights movement, engaging in civil disobedience like we did down the road in Chester, following the example of our peers in the South, in Georgia and Tennessee and North Carolina.
Picture this. For Sanders and for myself and for many of us, we were confident that our righteous causes would prevail, and that wasn't just righteousness. That was actually strate ... There was strategy and political assessment involved in that. The forward movement of the United States toward greater equality, then, was a fact of political life. It was a powerful condition that was spurred by The New Deal, the administration of Franklin Roosevelt from 1932 onward.
And though it's momentum had been slowed in the 1950s by McCarthyism, by the Cold War, it had not been reversed. New Dealers had plenty of political power in America. We knew that. It would continue to grow through the workings of the seniority system in Congress. It was enough in 1960 with the election of John F. Kennedy as president that it was possible to enact a progressive agenda. What it needed only to be stirred into action and into reality was the moral and political force of our movements that we commenced to launch.
That was the political world that I entered into. We had a strategic conception, which we called political realignment, and there is a connecting thread from political realignment then to the political revolution that Sanders talked about now, which I hope will be visible when I'm through tonight. By political realignment, we meant the enfranchisement and empowerment of black Americans in the Deep South, which would drive the Dixiecrats, the right wing Democrats, who were in political sway in the South out of the Democratic Party, reconstituting the Democratic Party without them.
You will find it in the Port Huron statement. There will be two assigned readings tonight. One of them is called the Port Huron Statement. It was the manifesto of SDS, the Students for a Democratic Society, as Nate has mentioned, an organization I was involved in creating. It is a document that has been fairly described, I think fairly, as the most ambitious, the most specific and the most eloquent manifesto in the history of the American left.
It's in there, and I was drawn back to attention to the Port Huron Statement today because last night, the principal author of that document, a great American named Tom Hayden, passed away at the age of 76. Tom was the lead when we wrote that document, but there were three Swatties. This is going to be shocking to you, not to Maurice, but we were not called Swatties. We were called Swarthmoreans. That was the simple phrase, so just swallow that.
Okay, I know that we're now called Swatties. Three Swatties were among the 50 young radicals who gathered at a union summer camp in Michigan in the middle of June in 1962 to create this document, the Port Huron Statement, the manifesto to which I've referred. And my little small contribution was in crafting those paragraphs about realignment, so this is the political world I entered as I matriculated in 1960, civil rights, lunch counter sit-ins, freedom rides, nuclear testing, I knew about these and was ready to commit myself, and so were many of my classmates. We quickly found each other, and the culture of the campus was remade by our commitment to social change.
And I also knew that I was a Democrat. Kennedy came to the Springfield mall, just about this time in October, a nice, beautiful, one of these gorgeous days that you have here in October. There was a rally in the parking lot of ... It's now Macy's, but it was Strawbridge & Clothier, Clothier, as in the building over there, Clothier. So we had a motley crew of Swarthmoreans there among the other people.
But this was two weeks. He had just given a speech and then, it was campaigning about creating a Peace Corps, and there were other things that made us enthusiastic. I've been in 14 presidential elections since then, and I think, like I said, there's a straight line through them, and it's a line that connects the civil rights revolution of the '60s to the political revolution that we talk about today, a revolution in which many of you enlisted if I have my guesses correct.
So I want to start with, what are we up against? And I start that way because of what I anticipate we will see in America, what we will be facing shortly with a new Hillary Clinton presidency and the opposition that she will face. At one point, she famously put the words around it. She called it, "A vast right wing conspiracy," and people have reminded her of that forever since, and she was wrong in one respect. Conspiracy suggests covert and clandestine, and what we face is transparent in many, many ways. It is definitely vast, that she was absolutely right about that, and it is as relentlessly determined as any conspiracy and well-coordinated as any conspiracy, but not secret.
On August 23, 1971, Lewis Powell, a prominent corporate lawyer at the time, sent a 12-page confidential memo to the chamber of commerce entitled The Attack on American Free Enterprise System. That's your other required reading for tonight. The rationale for his writing, he said, "No thoughtful person could question that the American economic system is under broad attack. There always have been some who opposed the American system and preferred socialism or some form of statism, communism or fascism, and also, there have always been critics of the system whose criticism has been wholesome and constructive so long as the objective was to improve or rather than subvert or destroy. But what now concerns us is quite new in the history of America." This is 1971.
"We are not dealing with sporadic or isolated attacks from a relatively few extremists or even from a minority socialist cadre. Rather, the assault on the enterprise system is broadly based and consistently pursued. It is gaining momentum and converts." And he detailed the sources of the attack on free enterprise, communists, new leftists, other revolutionaries, the college campus, Ralph Nader, Charles Reich. You probably don't know who that was. He was a pop sociologist. It doesn't matter.
The pulpit, the media, intellectual and literary journals, the arts, sciences and politicians. And the tone of the attacks, rich against poor, business against the people and the apathy and default of business quote/unquote "who respond," he said, "with appeasement, ineptitude and ignoring the problem." This was a call to action, and he said he was calling on the business community to get mobilized to fight off the Naderism and all these other forms of attack.
Careful long-range planning, consistency of action ... "Over an indefinite number of years, the scale of financing available only through joint effort and the political power only available through united action and national organizations." And he called upon individual organizations and the chamber of commerce and their allies to organize on campuses, "the single-most dynamic source" amongst the public and including television, other media, scholarly journals, books, paperbacks, paid advertisements in the political realm and in the courts.
This Powell memo, which later became known as the Powell Manifesto was not by itself the only motivator of the emergence of the aligned, powerful right wing in America that has truly emerged now. Even before it was well known, a small group of conservative foundations, the Bradley Foundation, the Olin Foundation, The Coors Foundation and the Scaife Foundation had begun raising funds and establishing an inter-connected set of think thanks, media monitoring groups, legal organizations and advocacy networks designed to combat what they considered to be the assault on free enterprise and, more generally, to combat permissive liberalism and to integrate their capacities to promote the agenda of the right.
And they proceeded to do that. The intent was to use political power and cultural influence to advance the economic interests of the 1%. And the effect was gross inequality, prosperity for some, insecurity for most and with public opinion, accepting the conservative premises about government and the economy, precisely the condition so cogently diagnosed this year by Senator Bernie Sanders. Precisely, all proposed in 1971 by Lewis Powell, who later was on the U.S. Supreme Court.
And on the electoral front, it was matched perfectly with the Southern strategy launched by Nixon. His justice department did a 180-degree turn on enforcement of the Voting Rights Act. He appointed Powell and William Rehnquist to the Supreme Court. His COINTELPRO unleashed the FBI against the left.
We know all about the COINTELPRO because there's some brave people who broke into the FBI office in media and walked off with all of the paperwork in there and were never apprehended. The most incredible embarrassment for the FBI, but it described how under Hoover, the Federal Bureau of Investigation was devoted by means, mostly both legal and illegal, to disrupt and try to destroy all of the civil rights and other movements on the left.
Nixon had a slush fund of the Committee to Re-elect the President, which you could call CREEP, C-R-E-E-P, and he compiled an enemies list, and he had a Plumbers unit for dirty tricks, the ones who broke into the Watergate, and he ran a campaign to defund the left. This was all concerted activity, and remember, Nixon was elected in 1968, only four years after Goldwater went down in a landslide, a landslide, hopefully, this years, we're going to have a landslide like that one.
Nixon's election did not come with control of Congress. There were comfortable Democratic majorities in Congress, which continued to pass progressive legislation that Nixon signed, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, an increase of Social Security. It wasn't by legislation that Nixon shifted American politics to the right. Nor was it by his foreign policy, neither waging and ending the Vietnam War nor the recognition of Communist China. It was by deliberate uses of power to build power.
Now, 45 years later, after Citizens United, the right has gained the upper hand in American politics, wherein they now control 60% or more of the influential elective offices, state legislators, governors, members of Congress, senators in 30 states and promoting their agenda very effectively through state legislation, executive action and blocking a more progressive agenda at the federal level as they did for the last six years of Obama.
The right has become the most powerful force nationally, and with a sledge hammer for its agenda, far-reaching hegemony seemed within reach a year ago, but a long came Trump, who has spoiled their chances and now, maybe, something far different and far more progressive is possible. The deep partisan divide of today, the polarization that mainstream voices bemoan dates all the way back to this, and I have no regrets for having contributed to it.
We were advocates for realignment. To be frank about it, I only regret it when we lose, which unfortunately, we've done an awful lot of, but in the binary world of two-party system America, the ideological sorting out that we predicted and advocated in 1962 has come to pass.
Whatever you most value, equality, revoking Citizens United, clean energy, workers rights, peace in the world, gun safety, even the liberal arts, whatever it is that you value, there is an opposition with significant power existing in the other political party, which is not to say that all Republicans feel one way nor all Democrats the other. It is that when one party prevails, an agenda moves forward, limited primarily by the checks and balances that it hasn't overcome or has yet to overcome. Party control is the first step toward the political revolution.
For those who are for it, political revolution, and feel like you've been in it, it's worth an effort to get clear as to what it means and how it might be achieved, and the short answers are that it requires a majority building strategy even more robust than what is currently in play to win the presidency this year. There is a strategic path to the kind of win that annovates millions of us, animated millions of people to get involved this year.
A win not just to preserve the gains that we have made for equal rights and justice, as threatened as they might have been, but for real change for economic equality and opportunity for climate, for a positive role for government in our society, for unions. That's what a political revolution would yield, and credit goes to Bernie Sanders for popularizing it. I say that not having supported the man but having known him for most of these 50 years, but the credit belongs fairly to him.
It means an upheaval, pushing out those in power, and to Sanders, the strategic core of the revolution is the suppression of the influence of the rich and big business by limiting big money in politics. That's what would facilitate substantive change, he says. Substantive change about financial reform, banking, substantive change about healthcare, substantive change about the affordability of college, prescription drug pricing.
All kinds of other subjects require both an electoral victory and the limitation of big money in politics. And he underscores that any of this requires not just getting big money out but getting people in, and he describes the method of the political revolution as electoral victory followed by the pressure from the grass roots. Million must mobilize. He's said this in every speech, to make change achievable, and here's the rub. The electoral victory has to be big, like we had in 1932 and 1934, like we had in 1964, big and sustained in contrast to 2008 and 2012, which were quickly reversed in 2010 and 2014.
In our federal system with its checks and balances, that means a majority that's big enough to win the White House and Congress and governorships and state legislatures. In other words, to get to where Bernie pointed, we have to solve the problem majority politics. In a two-party system, majority support, however obtained is the Holy Grail. Some famous theories of achieving and sustaining majority include the Southern strategy associated with Nixon and Lee Atwater and FDR's New Deal coalition.
In our time, there is talk about the emerging American majority or the rising American electorate in the new American majority. These have been put forward as formulations of a promising path to majority rule. Creating a majority and delivering it on election day and then sustaining it over time. These are three aspects of the problem. They're similar, but they're not necessarily solved in the same fashion.
So I start by trying to illuminate the ways and means of majority building, as we have experienced them in American politics, and I would like to make the case that the left can win. The strategy I'm advocating is all about power. It's very partisan. I know we're in a non-partisan environment here, but it is what it is, and it recognizes that the right has exactly such a strategy and many advantages that we do not and cannot share but that I think we can overcome.
How to create a majority is a great challenge for the right because its core agenda benefits the top 1% and nobody else. To get to 51% from 1% is a challenge. Big business or the rich are its core constituency, and in any formulation, they are a small minority group, and it does this through strategic alliances to which it makes-long-term commitments, downplaying policy and consistencies and reinforcing the alliances with ideological glue. It uses, also, its powers to divide and undermine the opposition, and these alliances take the form of political alignment under the Republican Party banner, or at least they did until Donald Trump came along.
And they will again, and that's the other thing to keep in mind. Donald Trump will be gone soon, or not quite gone, but he will not be determining the future of the Republican Party. The Republican Party and the forces that are committed to it usually see clearly that they have long, broad interests usually better served by party success even where particular causes are deferred and even where it means abandoning Democrats who support their particular causes.
The widely shared repugnance to Democrats, to Obama and Obamacare, to Hillary Clinton, deep and wide and broad among all the elements of Republicanism, and all the Democrats and Hillary and Obama represent should have provided a sufficient, solid foundation for whoever became the nominee. And anybody other than Trump could have mobilized it without the splitting that he has caused. But through Trump, the far right fringes captured control of the party temporarily, ignoring the common interests that usually unify Republicans, pushing away women, pushing away Hispanics, and creating an opening for Democrats to win an election, which is going to set the stage for the next battles.
Trump's enthusiasts will go immediately into opposition or even revolt November 9th, and so in all likelihood will the Republicans in office, in Congress and in the states. They will oppose every bit of the progressive agenda that Sanders and Clinton agreed on and which we put into the Democratic platform. And the millions who support that agenda also must go into motion the very next day.
That requirement was always a premise of the Sanders movement, and as the new administration moves to deliver on its platform commitments, the jobs package, relief from deportation, action on student debt, strategy to undo Citizens United. It will need grass roots mobilization, united, broader, broader than, and know that's intensive, whenever is mounted by the right.
We will need to win and deepen the support of a majority of Americans over and over again and sustain it all the way until November 2018. The strategy for a political revolution has three parts. My wife insists that I never try to make more than three points. First, movements need wins. They need victories that are tangible and material. Symbolic ones will not suffice. Second, movements need to be the instrument of those wins. They need to taste them to feel the change that they make. Improvements handed down from above will not suffice.
And finally, movements must shift the balance of power. They need to make structural changes in the political system increasing their power. Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did, and it never will is what Frederick Douglass said. So commencing with this election, and as robust a win as it may produce, whatever that is, we have to make those demands.
We may to organize for them. We have to knock on doors for them. We have to march on Washington for them. We have to vote for them. We have to get others to vote for them. We have to lobby for them, and when they're legislated, we need to go to work implementing them, defending them and showing America by all of that, that together, Americans can solve problems, can share the wealth and opportunity and make a better future.
I think there is a path forward, and I'm happy to have had 50 years building up to getting there, and I see a lot of people in this room who will be the ones who will make that history happen. Thank you very much. | <urn:uuid:a97d95f1-877c-4db6-aebf-66c09ab01734> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swarthmore.edu/news-events/listen-labor-leader-paul-booth-64-pushing-envelope-american-politics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.979769 | 5,060 | 1.648438 | 2 |
“Take up thy cross,” said the Master. Eagerly we stoop to help. But it is not our help the Crucified and Risen One desires, but our own death in the act of taking up the Cross. Somewhere along the way we learn this if we are to be saved from the foolishness of our own supposed benevolence.
Suddenly, after fifty years or so, we are still frozen in that position, assessing the weight of it all, imagining that stooping to take up the cross is the same as taking it and following. The way of the cross is death to not only ourselves, but more disarmingly, to the familiar ways of the world. And this is hard on some of us who cannot be fully weaned from the milk of even a murderess. Yet the amusements of this present evil age loosen our grip. The soft voiced invitations to caress the slumbering serpent appeal to the would-be disciple with splintered palms. Yet what danger we are in!
“The great snake lies ever half awake, at the bottom of the pit of the world, curled
In folds of himself until he awakens in hunger and moving his head to right and to left prepares for his hour to
There are, thus, times of sacred renewal to the memory of the Master’s call, the crushing blow to self, and the unforgettable, wandering preacher who looked at me and loved me, a stupid young man, wealthy in foolishness and cleaving to my own moneybag of fear.
Remember then! Remember! Remember the Wandering Preacher and His eyes of love!
“Remember the faith that took men from home
At the call of a wandering preacher.
Our age is an age of moderate virtue
And of moderate vice
When men will not lay down the Cross
Because they never assume it.
Yet nothing is impossible, nothing,
To men of faith and conviction.
Let us therefore make perfect our will.
O God help us.”
I remember. His look of love is a great light piercing through the darkness that cloaks the deadly drama. His look gives life! The slumbering serpent is not asleep and is thus a pretender and a beast that kills and which yet promises life and pleasure. His light reveals the green devil’s eyes and, now, my own quivering hand. I reach back! I draw back! I move away! I would prefer the Cross to this dreadful scene! What happy deaths are died on that Cross! And what mournful losses are devoured by the serpent!
The Wandering Preacher dies. He rises. He calls me again to my death and I see it, afresh, as a new found release—”new found,” and yet I remember it like yesterday. I spit out the poison milk of the foul beastly world. I “walk the aisle” as I did as a boy. I kneel before the vested cleric and take my vow as I did as a young man. I run from God that I may run, finally, to God, as I did so long ago when His look drew me to the tomb of the old self. I view him there, dead. And I rejoice with a freedom that has never left me, though it has been attacked time and time again.
I bow my head in memory. I run in my spirit in the sunlit uplands of this renewed faith, and praise God for the bright stars of the heavenly cathedral that are only seen in the black Bible sky.
He lives forevermore. And shall I not also, with splintered hands and now a wandering preacher myself, join Him to walk from the tomb to the light? Yet I live by the shadow of the Cross. I preach His Cross. I wander with the weight of it and offer it to others. “Oh, Lord,” I now whisper, “I want to look at men the way He looked at me.”
“…nothing is impossible, nothing,
To men of faith and conviction.”
My hope is restored and I am filled with His life anew.
“Let [me] therfore make perfect [this] will.
O God help us.”
[I scribble refrains of repentance and renewal as I read from T.S. Elliot, Collected Poems: 1909-1962, “Choruses from ‘The Rock,'” 1934 (Hourcourt, 1968), 169, 166. | <urn:uuid:943319fd-132c-48c9-948b-680ed9deff81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://michaelmilton.org/2012/09/27/a-reflection-on-the-wandering-preacher-with-t-s-elliot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954869 | 957 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Mobile Coal Crusher Voltas Indonesia
Size coal crushers sizing ball milling. Coal Ball Mill Design CalculationsStone Crusher,Jaw Design, fabrication and testing of a laboratory size hammer millabricated machine with those of a standard denver laboratory jaw crusher aw crusher, ball mill, burr mill and many others machines available, the gyratory crusher, jaw crushers and the hammer mill are esign theories and calculations.Mobile coal limestone crusher. jaw crusher, as one of most widely used mobile crusher,is widely used to process stone,coal, limestone, granite, basalt, quartz, iron ore, gold ore, marble,construction waste and other materials in mining,quarry,construction and other fields. Coal Crusher Quarry Mobile, Tracked impact crusher to process coal in the far north quarry mobile crushing and. | <urn:uuid:cf8583f7-087a-4944-9a16-ab58fdae4a1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naspotkaniach.pl/mobile-crusher/2619/mobile.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.842646 | 177 | 2.125 | 2 |
Reasons To Buy an Electric Bike For Riding
Motorized electric bikes are sometimes likewise referred to as e-bikes. It is actually like a bicycle yet has an attached electric engine which is recharged by connecting it to an electrical outlet. They are very mainstream in China while relatively new in Europe and the United States. For cyclists who need a little help with climbing slopes it is an ideal choice. There are different reasons to purchase an e-bike. They are an environmentally friendly modes of transportation and they do not require spending money on gasoline. Even a current bicycle can likewise be converted into an electric bike with the help of an electric conversion unit. It is the safest, cheapest and quickest choice. You will at this point do not have to stress over the increasing price of fuel, where to stop, or deal with gridlocks. They are suitable for people, everything being equal, including kids and older grown-ups.
The absence of gas prevent contamination to the environment, yet the bike is mobile enough to cruise in and out of town in and can even prevent you from purchasing a vehicle in enormous cities. In the event that its weight is heavier, it is more hard to pedal when the engine is not being used. Before going to purchase an e-bike the purchaser should consider what type of engine to use. The speed of the bike depends on the power of engine. An electric bikes in Sparks, NV normally endures between 12-30 miles. The battery power is drained considerably more when used for climbing slopes, so keep that as a top priority. Focus on battery life when buying your bike. Electric bikes use a rechargeable battery that drives a little electric engine to help you pedal when you need it. Some work off a pedal sensor that decides how much help you need concurring the effort you use while others have a handlebar throttle like on a motorbike, so you can decide exactly when you need the help from the engine.
Electric bikes are bicycles and accordingly, are limited to a most extreme speed of 15mph with the engine running and an average power of 200W. Electric bikes are a great alternative to conventional bikes, giving barely enough assistance to get you up that slope or keep the sweat under control as you commute each morning. Electric bicycles offer you the confidence to bike, with engines that help your pedaling, so you do not have to stress over not being fit enough to complete the ride. It is a liberating approach to cycle even on the off chance that you are attempting to increase your fitness levels. The range of electric bikes now available online are there to give you uphold, what amount is exactly up to you, so pedaling is not, at this point a difficult task and you can rest whenever you feel like you have had enough. Electric bicycling is one of the healthiest approaches to get around today. | <urn:uuid:c1bd2b3a-e83a-4731-a155-4d28da2b111e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://absolutlomo.com/shopping/reasons-to-buy-an-electric-bike-for-riding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968927 | 573 | 2.125 | 2 |
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 Today, culture is developing in Japan. In spite of that, things are deadlocked in some ways. Why don’t things go as expected? From my point of view, it is because there is a great fundamental mistake. However, people in society seem not to be very aware of it.
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 Here, I explain the sun and the moon from a religious point of view. What I explain is mysterious and also subtle and profound. You might think that it is a strained interpretation somehow. However, I just preach the truth. So, please calm down your mind and make out what I describe.
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 Just saying studies, there are practical and impractical ones. That might sound strange to you. To put it simply, studies for their own sakes are impractical and those that can be used in everyday life is practical. However, studies to explore the truth is another matter. They are valuable. To begin with, what are studies? People of today go to elementary, junior high and high school and then university. At school, teachers use two methods to teach them; textbooks and fieldwork. The former is a vertical approach and the latter is a horizontal one. This education method was formed as […]
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 I have explained various theories and most of them have never been disclosed. Regarding this, most people would have doubts in a positive way. Let me explain briefly why I could disclose them. I always advocate the construction of Paradise on Earth. This idea is, however, not come up in my mind. The time has come and God showed me what Paradise on Earth looked like and how to realise it. He also gave me the absolute power to execute His plan. One of the powers that I got is the ability to know things. Using that power, I clearly […]
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 In religions, Buddhism is particularly divided into two groups; Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism. Mahayana literally means ‘Big Vehicle’ and whereas, Hinayana means ‘Small Vehicle.’ These meanings have been regrettably not well understood until today. Here, I give my view.
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 People of today seem to stick to limited principles and ideas. Some are excited to say, “I am a rightist,” others say “I am a leftist,” or “I am not either of them. I am a centrist.” As a result, there are many frictions to occur among them. Besides, some cause frictions on purpose. That is another story.
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 Our motto is to construct the world without disease, poverty and conflict and realize Paradise on Earth. That would be a fool’s dream for most people. Christ said that heaven was approaching but didn’t say that he created heaven. Sakyamuni said that the world of Maitreya would come after Buddha’s death but didn’t say that it was coming soon. He said that it would happen 5 billion and 670 million later. What a distant future it is! Jews pray for the nativity of the Messiah but the time is uncertain. The Indian ancient legend says that Chakravarti will appear. Other […]
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 We advocate the construction of the world of Miroku. Miroku is written as three numbers of five, six and seven. I am writing about what that is exactly like. I will publish my writing when I complete it. Here, I tell you the process until this construction starts.
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 I always say that we should do everything in the right order. This right order is represented by only one single letter of ‘主.’ Let me analyse this Kanji character.
New Philosophy of Life Written by Okada Jikan Mokichi, 1950 People say Myo-chi-riki or Kannon-riki from before, which have the same meaning. ‘Riki’ means power in English. It is strange that people never say the power of Amitabha, Sakyamuni or Bodhidharma. They say just the power of Kannon. There must be a reason. However, we have found no literature nor tradition to refer to this. I have been pondering about it for a long time. As I deepen my religious belief, I well understand the reason. Let me explain it. | <urn:uuid:a5b4ce3f-8291-4461-b132-d6c218bee674> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://meshiya-eng.net/new_life_philosophy/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965348 | 1,009 | 2.03125 | 2 |
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