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Given the indications of favorable weather, the National Supply Company (Conab) has raised its estimate for the Brazilian production of grains and fibers in this 2021/22 season. The state company is now forecasting a record volume of 289.79 million tonnes, 14.7% more than in 2020/21, when mainly corn crops were harmed by the lack of rain. Compared to last month’s estimate, the new forecast is 0.4% higher.
Besides the weather forecasts, the increase in the planting area will help Brazil reach the new landmark. Conab forecasts that 71.8 million hectares will be planted in total, 4.1% more than last season. About the average yield, the state company says it still prefers to work with statistical averages, because the harvests are still far away. Thus, it indicated 4,033 kilos per hectare, 10.8% more than in 2020/21.
In its first survey for next year’s grain harvest in the country, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) projected that the volume will reach 270.7 million tonnes, 7.8% more (or 19.5 million tonnes) than this year.
Soy is once again the star of national agriculture. According to Conab, the production of soy should reach 142 million tonnes, 3.4% higher than last year and 0.9% more than projected in October. The result is mainly due to the forecasted growth of 4.3% in the planting area, to 38.5 million hectares.
The corn harvest (first, second and third crops) is expected to reach 116.71 million tonnes, a significant increase of 34.1% compared to last cycle. Of the three crops, the one with the greatest recovery will be the second crop, which lost more than 20% of its volume last year. The next winter harvest is calculated by Conab at 86.26 million tonnes, with an increase of 42%.
In the case of rice, the state company now estimates the production at 11.5 million tonnes, 1.8% less than in 2020/21. For beans (which also has three harvests per season in the Brazil), the expectation is a 7.9% growth, to 3.1 million tonnes. This result is due to the expected increase in average productivity – of 8.5% – and not due to an increase in the area. Rice was also affected in 2020/21 by the weather. | <urn:uuid:0566a75b-4465-483f-9814-daefa5955a22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://valorinternational.globo.com/agribusiness/news/2021/11/11/grain-productivity-to-reach-all-time-high.ghtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955787 | 510 | 2.40625 | 2 |
It’s time to throw out the narrative that makes parents feel like this diagnosis is disastrous. Your child doesn’t need to change; your child needs to learn. Trying to change our children creates stress, overwhelm, drama, and disappointment. And it’s so unnecessary. There is a better way.
We have been taught that “X” is the way kids are supposed to behave, and it’s definitely NOT the way a lot of ADHD kids behave! But instead of being given skills, parents are made to feel inadequate by schools, doctors, and family members that tell them, “You’re doing something wrong.” But it’s not your fault! It’s a matter of learning the techniques that fit your children.
It is so effective to have a team that supports your ADHD child and your family. You can give permission for some of the team members to exchange information. For example, an ADHD family coach could be in touch with a school counselor and a therapist. A physician may have important insights for your coach. With so many people connecting to help you and your family, just imagine the possibilities!
Let me be clear: you are not to become their executive function, but you can be their executive assistant. You make sure they know what they’re doing on a given day, and when things are due. An executive assistant doesn’t run the company but he/she helps the CEO get things done. Also, it’s okay to sit with them and explain instructions or proofread or discuss ideas.
Your children aren’t lazy or unmotivated. It’s ALWAYS something else. They might need glasses, they might have a learning challenge, they might not be getting enough sleep or healthy food. They might be depressed or anxious or have other conditions just waiting to be diagnosed. Just sit and watch how they move through an hour or a day. Learn them. You’ll get some good information about what they need.
Developing top performers takes more than just a promotion. To get that next generational leader ready for the next role, invest time in their talent. For example, even a highly ranked rookie baseball player is trained before their first pro game. Spend time assessing their areas of opportunity and then coaching to those weaknesses. Educate them, increase their work scope, and increase their breadth of responsibility before promoting.
Surprises are best left to celebrations, not annual reviews. An employee should never receive feedback for the first time during their review. Regular check-ins and coaching sessions are imperative. When the manager coaches regularly, ensure it’s documented with written confirmations. An email noting the conversation will ensure that when review time comes, the feedback is not coming out of left field.
Trust your employee to do their job. Once you’ve hired and trained the right people, let them do it without micromanaging their work. Trust but verify. Delegate and spot check as needed and follow up regularly, but don’t micromanage your employees. If there are problems that arise with behavior or performance, address them immediately.
Providing a handbook and company policy manual is important during the onboarding period, but just handing out a copy to a new employee isn’t enough. It behooves you to create a fun and interactive approach to sharing the information, such as creating a fun game or scavenger hunt that requires a deep dive into the material and allows them to gain insight on what’s important and what you want them to know.
The first impression is a lasting impression. Ensure the candidate feels welcomed. From the initial greeting, sell the company, beginning with introductions, handshakes and the courtesy of offering water to the candidate. Make the candidate relaxed and comfortable, so you can seek out a fit. An interview is a two-way conversation, not an interrogation. Discuss the company and benefits, while you uncover the candidate’s skills. | <urn:uuid:2dba6920-585d-4bdb-b73b-aa72b7f7acbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.6wordlessons.com/lessons/previous/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.95702 | 823 | 1.789063 | 2 |
- Chemist Johanna Schwartz '10 featured by Women in 3D Printing
Johanna Schwartz ’10 stands out in the 3D printing field, according to Women in 3D
Printing, an organization promoting, supporting, and inspiring women who are using
additive manufacturing technologies.
Johanna’s work primarily focuses on expanding the material scope and control of 3D
printing processes. “I feel like as a chemist, and particularly an organic polymer
chemist, there are a lot of opportunities and ways I can improve the field.”
Johanna in the lab at the University of Washington with, from left, Professor AJ Boydston,
post baccalaureate student John Goldstone, and first-year graduate student Troy Becker.
Johanna graduated from Bard College at Simon’s Rock in 2014 with a bachelor of arts
in Chemistry and Biology. She is working toward her doctorate in organic chemistry
at the University of Washington, where she is a graduate student in the Boydston Research
Group in the Department of Chemistry. As a National Science Foundation Graduate Research
Fellow, Johanna is working on the synthesis and development of stimuli responsive
polymers toward additive manufacturing applications.
When Johanna started in the lab at the University of Washington, only one person in
the group was focusing on 3D printing. When that student graduated, she took over
his projects, including building the lab’s first Digital Light Processing 3D printer.
Now there are three people in the lab who primarily focus on research in 3D printing
on at least eight printers, all with different capabilities.
Johanna is also developing the lab’s own specialized optics setup for DLP printing
through the help of an Amazon Catalyst grant. “As research continues to develop and
expand the range of materials possible, I see 3D printing becoming an industrial manufacturing
process on par with other manufacturing methods.” Fields like personalized medicine
are also benefiting from 3D printing. She envisions 3D printed surgical models, drug
capsules, implants, scaffolds, and even organs.
Johanna always had an interest in science, but when she came to Simon’s Rock, she
honed in on chemistry, with biology as her second concentration. She could learn from
faculty in all fields and when it came to science, she could try a lot of different
subjects and types of research while focusing on chemistry. “It seems that whatever
chemistry class I would or could offer, she would take,” said Professor David Myers.
In spring 2013, Johanna took part in the 12-week SEA Semester Ocean Exploration program,
which included six weeks aboard the SSV Corwith Cramer. Participating in a semester
at sea “broadened Johanna’s scope and brought her to the idea of synthesis of natural
products, a research interest of mine since my sabbatical in Australia,” David said.
Find a study abroad program that works for you.
Learn more about our study abroad programs
Like Johanna, you can choose a semester at sea.
Find out more about SEA Semester
Courtesy Sea Education Association
Johanna, third from left, with other students aboard SSV Corwith Cramer during her
As Johanna’s academic and senior thesis advisor, David reworked his internship to incorporate her research interests. Johanna’s research work was her thesis project,
Everything but-enolides, which focused on the synthesis of target butenolides and their precursors and analysis
of their antibiotic and antifungal activity.
“She came to Simon’s Rock with more experience in chemistry than most first years,
so the thesis process was fairly easy. She knew, for the most part, what was necessary
and could forge her own way,” David said.
While at Simon’s Rock, Johanna received an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program
honorable mention, worked as an intern at Northwestern University, and was named a
Bard Center Junior Fellow. She has co-authored three publications, two during her
time at Simon’s Rock, including one with David in the Journal of Chemical Education.
Johanna got to “show off how fun chemistry can be” as president of Chemistry Club,
was a member of the American Chemical Society, a Simon’s Rock photographer and tutor,
a student representative, and was an annual fund and prospective student caller. Johanna
was also involved with the Independent Theater Group, the Swing Dance Club, and Collegium
(violin), and enjoyed playing her guitar.
You can read the full Women in 3D Printing interview.
Learn how fun chemistry can be | <urn:uuid:115cb570-3950-4ed1-8b77-b8fa26de7da7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://simons-rock.edu/news/johanna-schwartz-3d-printing.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954263 | 1,014 | 1.875 | 2 |
This week we had the pleasure of talking to Tina Lau, an Area Environmental and Land Manager at Lehigh Hanson, about the impact of EHS software on the building materials industry. Tina has worked in the environmental field in the mining and construction materials industry for about 18 years, and she currently manages 14 facilities in the Bay Area. During the webinar, Tina shared her insights on managing environmental compliance for multiple facilities, engaging key stakeholders, and creating transparency throughout the organization. Tina shared how Mapistry has allowed her to move away from color-coding binders and sifting through papers, to quickly identifying and addressing incomplete inspections. When it comes to engaging key stakeholders, Tina has a saying, “I’m not the police, I’m a bodyguard. I am here to protect the company.” She provides her teams with the tools and knowledge to identify issues and escalate them appropriately. Finally, having everything in one place on Mapistry allows Tina to show her team what other sites are doing, which creates transparency across the company. | <urn:uuid:48ada6e3-4519-415a-bb91-2f8a1e57dc6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mapistry.com/blog/the-impacts-of-ehs-software-on-the-building-materials-industry-with-tina-lau-of-lehigh-hanson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955432 | 213 | 1.523438 | 2 |
need help answering following 8 questions as a review of Ch 6, Ch 7, & Ch 8. pp. 61-70, 77-90, 93-105, and 109-122 book The Animal Ethics Reader – edited by Susan J. Armstrong und Richard G. Botzler . Please use citation from the book. Thanks.
The Animal Ethics Reader – edited by Susan J. Armstrong und Richard G. Botzler
Features of the Mind: Consciousness
The Mind Body Problem part 3: The Mind in a Materialist World
TPM – Ch 5 up to The Philosophical Problem of Other Minds, Ch 6, Ch 7, & Ch 8. pp. 61-70, 77-90, 93-105, and 109-122
- What is Behaviorism? How plausible do you find it? Explain your answer.
- Explain Mind Brain Identity Theory and explain how one of the objections given undermines the position.
- What is the Turing Test and what does it show?
- Explain the Chinese Room Argument and what it aims to show.
- What is connectionism?
- Explain one form of functionalism and how one of the objections given in the text undermines the position.
- Do you find the difference between the actual and possible examples of multiple realization provide the same type of objection to Functionalism? Why or why not?
- At this point, what questions do you have? Or alternatively, what would you like to know more about? | <urn:uuid:5b4d72df-4e4e-462b-a941-c672ade5cbd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://topgraderesearch.com/the-animal-ethics-reader-edited-by-susan-j-armstrong-und-richard-g-botzler/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.809098 | 311 | 2.15625 | 2 |
There are many credit cards or lines of credit offered in the market which are used by people in their daily life. Bank cards have a profound influence on the way people shop and are important to the engine of our economy. You can directly apply for the bank card you want to use in the online application. You can also request a debit card with points, incentives, or miles for anything from dollars to space travel.
To find your loyalty card, you need to choose the type of credit card you want. MasterCard, along with Visa Card, is the most widely used and recognized credit card in the world. Master cards and visas are available for individuals, organizations, and students. However, Visa credit cards is the number one used by people around the world because it offers superior benefits and reliability. Moreover, many banks also support custom credit card designs via https://cucucovers.com/ to make it more interesting and different.
Image Source: Google
However, they can be the most economical way to get a loan if used properly and responsibly. In addition, prudent and thoughtful handling of debit cards will help you avoid economic dilemmas and build an efficient credit rating. It's also a simple fact that if you use your credit card very carefully, you can save a lot of money.
Bank cards are actually loans. So try not to use more than 20 percent of your annual net salary on bank cards and other loans. Car or home loans as a loan quota used is an important factor in determining your eligibility. For this loan, it is very likely that your creditworthiness and your ability to get more bank cards could be damaged.
In general, it's easier to get a credit card than applying for a loan from a bank, or other financial institution. They are often used as short term loans when you come across an item that has a deal and you don't have the currency available to get it. | <urn:uuid:edbd988c-0777-4596-8818-a508a411bc22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://malibukiwanischilicookoff.com/credit-cards-an-outstanding-tool/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97782 | 389 | 1.929688 | 2 |
The County of San Diego Partners with PRIDE Industries to Create Internships for People With Disabilities
July celebrates the 32nd anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which prohibited discrimination based on disability and mandated reasonable accommodations and accessibility. At PRIDE Industries, we know that people with disabilities have many strengths and abilities that make them wonderful employees. Despite the progress made in inclusive hiring practices, they still remain excluded from employment opportunities.
We are proud to bridge this gap by partnering with the County of San Diego’s for their relaunch of Jay’s Program: an internship program for people with disabilities. Our staff, funded by generous donors to The Michael Ziegler PRIDE Industries Foundation, connects job seekers with intellectual and developmental disabilities with six-month, part-time, paid internship opportunities with the County. | <urn:uuid:3ac3edea-9253-443b-8e35-51ac50d56516> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prideindustries.com/author/alex-eller | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950652 | 166 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Santa Clara County Office of Education hosted a special meeting Saturday for a charter school study workshop. Approximately, 50 community leaders, elected school board members and parents participated in a discussion on the role of charters and traditional public schools in meeting student academic needs. Even though all those who spoke appeared to have the right intentions, eliminating the achievement gap is a divisive issue.
After attending the meeting, one community member wrote an email to the Board of Education and Superintendent Xavier De la Torre. “When I hear you all speak individually, I hear a very similar message of helping kids in need,” the email read. “I do feel that this is a noble goal indeed, and if we are not able to take advantage of our substantial means & capabilities in order to figure out ways to help those who need it most, it will truly be a shame.” I concur with the writer. Let me highlight a few of the most contentious issues that we must address:
1. In January, after five months of community discussion, the Board voted 5-1-1 to approve a zoning exemption for a Rocketship school on Lick Avenue in San Jose by the Tamien Station. A Mercury News editorial before the vote said, “When the SCCOE Board approved 20 new Rocketship charter schools 13 months ago, the trustees knew it would transform public education in Silicon Valley. They knew, too, that locating schools would be controversial and that they would need to stand behind the plan to better educate thousands of Silicon Valley low-income and mostly Latino kids.”
The SCCOE Board was sued by San Jose Unified School District and a neighborhood Tamien resident, Brett Bymaster. In a preliminary ruling, Judge Franklin Bondonno stated the Board lacks the authority to exempt Rocketship from zoning regulations. Interestingly, the Mercury News editorial in January stated that multiple legal experts have concluded that the Board does have the legal authority.
The Board has not decided whether to appeal the ruling by Judge Bondonno, once the decision is final. Rocketship is now asking the city of San Jose to exempt the Tamien site from zoning restrictions. I respectfully ask the majority of our city’s elected leaders to be courageous and act on what is in the best interest of the thousands of students on Rocketship’s waiting list and approve a zoning exemption at the Tamien Site.
2. Trustee Darcie Green and I spoke under public comment at the Campbell Union High School District Board meeting last Thursday, on behalf of the Communitas High School students that received zero credit for either their freshman or sophomore years. The reason given by the district was Communitas was a non-accredited Charter School approved by the Board and Campbell’s policy did not allow for credit to be given. Communitas closed after the first year of operation due to fiscal sustainability. The CUHSD Trustees are placing the item on their Nov. 7 agenda. I hope the item is an action item that can make the students whole again on an individual case-by-case basis.
3. A new website is attacking Rocketship, which is a home-grown, start-up in San Jose with involvement from the late Father Mateo Sheedy of Sacred Heart Church. From day one, Rocketship’s faculty and staff have had the best of intentions—giving some of our poorest children in an region a great education with high expectations for achievement. Attending college is an emphasis for Rocketship students.
Until we treat all children as our own, we will never get to the point of implementing strategies collaboratively. San Jose Unified is doing some exemplary work in this area and should be applauded. However, I found out recently that there were no longer conversations taking place with Rocketship at the table. I hope that will change after progress made at Saturday’s charter school study session.
Joseph Di Salvo is a member of the Santa Clara County Office of Education’s Board of Trustees. He is a San Jose native. | <urn:uuid:cdf52996-d5cc-4d12-a110-7f09330229cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sanjoseinside.com/opinion/10_22_13_charter_school_wars_rocketship_san_jose_unified_communitas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961517 | 822 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Often faced with multiple challenges to turn a profit, small businesses can add navigating rising gasoline prices this summer to their list.
The American Automobile Association reported on Monday, April 24, that the national average for regular unleaded gasoline climbed to $2.42, the highest price this year.
That hike was 29 cents higher than during the same time in April 2016.
Why the Increase?
But prices in recent days have dropped due to an oversupply of gasoline and weaker demand for the fuel, says Tamra Johnson, an AAA spokeswoman. As of Thursday, May 4, the average price was around $2.37, about 15 cents higher than a year ago. The latest price was the first decline in about three weeks. Here’s the link to latest release on gas prices.Â
Johnson suggested that small businesses adjust their budgets to potentially prepare to pay higher prices this summer than they did last summer.
“There has been a dip in price heading into the summer, but we don’t think we’ve seen the peak yet,” Johnson says.
She pointed out several factors that drive up prices. Johnson says those include gasoline stations switching from winter to summer blends, higher demand, and where the price of oil stands.
She says a key decision by leaders of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) will be a big determining factor on which direction prices might go this summer.
“If OPEC decides at its June meeting to extend their current agreement of production cuts, we could see prices move slightly higher or remain the same,” she says. “If they decide to end the agreement, we will see prices decline.”
The Small Businesses High Gas Prices Can Hurt
Surging gas prices can affect several kinds of businesses. Those can include pizza franchises, florists, moving companies, and online grocers that offer delivery services.
W. Randolph Lee, president & CEO of Raven Transport, No.39 on the BE 100s Industrial Services Companies list with $88.7 million in revenue, knows that as gasoline and diesel fuel prices go up, trucking, airline and other transportation companies are hit hard by the increase.
Lee says the Jacksonville, Florida-based truckload freight company is now paying about $2.59 a gallon for diesel fuel, up 10 to 12 cents a gallon since the beginning of this year. The gain is huge because Lee estimates that about 290 of his company’s trucks that transport consumer products for major companies and small businesses use diesel fuel. Raven’s additional fleet of 208 units are liquid natural gas powered and not dependent on diesel fuel.
At the same time, Lee is cognizant that he can’t just pass the higher cost onto customers because raising their rates could make his company no longer price competitive with other trucking companies and cause it to potentially risk losing those relationships.
To offset the higher expense, Raven Transport is using strategies to avoid operating trucks running with no freight. Still, Lee says the rising prices are hitting the bottom line.
“If diesel fuel costs continue to rise, that will definitely have an impact on our profitability,” Lee says.
Here are some tips that most small businesses can integrate into their driving strategy this summer to help achieve fuel savings:
Make sure tires are inflated properly
The U.S. Department of Energy says that proper tire inflation can improve fuel economy by up to 3%. Check tire pressures at least once a month, and make sure it’s done correctly. Check the pressures when the tires are cold and have not been driven recently. Tires should be inflated to levels recommended by the vehicle manufacturer, not the pressure levels stamped on the tire sidewall.
Use a light foot on the gas and brake pedals
Instead of making quick starts and sudden stops, let up on the gas and brake pedals. If there is a red light ahead, ease off the gas and coast up to it rather than waiting until the last second to brake. Once the light turns green, gently accelerate rather than making a quick start.
Let AAA find lowest gas prices
AAA’s smartphone app offers motorists with the most current and accurate gas price data available, by drawing on credit card transactions at more than 100,000 stations nationally. Motorists can find the lowest gas prices close to home or on the road. The app’s GPS technology helps users locate stations on a map and see the price for all available grades of gasoline. Visit AAA.com/Mobile.
Drive the speed limit
Slowing down to observe the speed limit is safer and can conserve fuel. The U.S. Department of Energy says that each 5 mph driven over 50 mph is like paying nearly 17 cents per gallon for gas. Leave yourself plenty of time to reach your destination, helping you arrive safely with a little extra fuel in your vehicle.
Plan errands in advance
Try to combine multiple tasks into one trip when running errands. Several short trips starting with a cold engine each time can use twice as much gas as a longer multipurpose trip covering the same distance when the engine is warm.
Reduce the load
A heavier vehicle uses more fuel. Lighten your vehicle by cleaning out the trunk, cargo areas, and passenger compartments. Avoid using a car’s roof rack to transport luggage or other equipment–especially over long distances on the highway.
Make your gas money last longer
Consider that AAA members who pay for gasoline with an AAA Member Rewards Visa® credit card receive double points on gas purchases. Plus, members can get one point for every dollar they spend, triple points on AAA and all travel purchases, and double points on gas, grocery, and drug store purchases. Members can apply for the card at AAA.com/creditcard.
Make vehicle upkeep a priority
Keeping a car running properly helps achieve maximum fuel economy. Follow the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule. Pay attention to vehicle warning lights because they signal problems that will greatly decrease a car’s fuel efficiency.
For the latest details on gas prices, visit www.gasprices.aaa.com
Source: American Automobile Association
Jeffrey McKinney is a long-time freelance business writer and reporter, contributing to Black Enterprise magazine for several years on a broad range of business and financial topics. | <urn:uuid:3d009cc4-a9ea-4f26-a44e-a1e338aa1c68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.blackenterprise.com/8-tips-small-businesses-rising-gas-prices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.945195 | 1,305 | 1.664063 | 2 |
The bus had left the capital, Tunis, that morning with 43 people on board and was headed to the northern mountain town of Ain Draham, a popular destination for Tunisian tourists, according to a statement from Tunisia's Ministry of Interior.
The vehicle, which was operated by a private travel agency, was driving through the Ain Snoussi region when it apparently careened off a twisty road during a sharp turn, smashing through an iron barrier and plunging off a cliff into a ravine near the northern town of Amdoun, about 75 miles west of Tunis, the interior ministry said.
In addition to those who died, another 18 people were injured and rushed to local hospitals, according to a statement from Tunisia's Ministry of Public Health.
The cause of the crash is under investigation. It's believed to be one of the worst road accidents on record in the North African nation.
Tunisian President Kais Saied and Prime Minister Youssef Chahed both visited the crash site Sunday. The president pledged to improve the region's roads and said anyone who was responsible for the poor conditions would be held accountable, according to state-run news agency TAP news.
Tunisia's rundown roads and infrastructure have been blamed for the high number of traffic accidents in recent years. A 2015 report released by the World Health Organization showed that Tunisia had one of the worst traffic death rates per capita in North Africa, second only to Libya. | <urn:uuid:b48c2619-25fb-4a54-af6d-f5b94ef698c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abcnews.go.com/International/dozens-killed-bus-plunges-off-cliff-tunisia/story?id=67435114 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.976692 | 296 | 1.695313 | 2 |
UARG Strikes Back
Will UARG Persuade the Supreme Court to Overturn New Air Quality Standards?
“UARG” sounds like the name of a monster in a children’s book or maybe some kind of strangled exclamation. But it actually stands for Utility Air Regulatory Group, which represents utility companies in litigation. UARG did well in two important Supreme Court cases last year, winning part of the case it brought against EPA climate change rules and getting the limited outcome it advocated in another case (EME Homer). So its legal efforts deserve to be taken seriously.
UARG is back at the Supreme Court again with a case involving air pollution standards. The Court seems to be taking the case seriously enough to list it for its September 29th conference. But UARG’s arguments (“UARGuments”?) seem very weak this time around. Hopefully, they won’t attract the four votes necessary for a grant of cert.
The case involves the primary air quality standards for ozone. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA must set these standards at a level “requisite” to protect public health “with an adequate margin of safety.” EPA decided to lower the standard based on new scientific evidence that suggested harmful effects and firmed-up previous uncertainty about the harmfulness of lower levels of ozone pollution. UARG argues that EPA did this incorrectly in two respects.
UARG’s first argument is based on a Supreme Court case (Whitman v. American Trucking) that upheld EPA’s previous ozone standard. The Court in that case said “requisite” meant neither higher nor lower than necessary. UARG interprets this to mean “quantitative findings and the precise line drawing that the Court found that the statute demands.” UARG criticizes EPA’s approach as “uncertainty-centric” because of the role EPA’s greater certainty about lower level impacts played in the EPA’s decision.
This argument ignores both the nature of the task facing EPA and the language of the statute. The nature of the task that Congress gave to the agency inevitably requires judgment calls, because the scientific evidence of harm is never completely clearcut and the term “public health” has an inevitable degree of vagueness. And remember that the statute requires EPA to employ “an ample margin of safety,” which both recognizes the importance of uncertainty in making these decisions and gives EPA discretion to decide on how large the margin of safety should be.
UARG’s other argument seems to completely misread another Supreme Court opinion. UARG argues that before EPA could change the standard, it has to show that changed evidence means that the previous standard no longer meets the statutory requirement. Strangely, UARG relies on a Supreme Court case that stands for the opposite proposition. In fact, the Court in that case specifically rejected the view that an agency has to meet a higher burden of proof when it changes its mind about a previous regulation. All it needs to do is provide a reasoned explanation for its current decision, not prove that the earlier decision is wrong.
The fact that this case was set for conference is puzzling. It may simply mean that the Justices hadn’t looked deeply enough into the issues at that point. This is really a routine administrative law case in which the lower court opinion faithfully followed the normal rules for judicial review. On the other hand, maybe this is a signal that at least some Justices don’t think the normal rules should apply in this context, maybe because of the national importance of these particular rules.
Stayed tuned for further developments on or around the first Monday in October, when the Court begins sitting again.
Dan Farber has written and taught on environmental and constitutional law as well as about contracts, jurisprudence and legislation. Currently at Berkeley Law, he has al…READ more | <urn:uuid:e4d9c5bd-30d3-43b7-ae5b-453832356b17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legal-planet.org/2014/09/02/uarg-strikes-back/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950786 | 825 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Zwitterionized hemodialysis membrane’s hemocompatibility assessment.
Hemodialysis (HD) is a filtration vital process through which the bloods’ toxins and contaminations are removed. However, several immune system activations occur during dialysis, which can result in morbidity and mortality. The efficiency of the currently available blood purification process is hindered, on one hand, by the deficient toxins and middle molecule removal, and on the other hand, with the loss of valuable blood components (such as plasma and its constituents). This chapter offers an overview of the challenges and advances in HD membranes. It includes an introduction of the end stage renal disease, concepts of dialysis, its historical background, and the path through which the configurations and materials evolved. The interactions between membrane polymeric materials with human blood is also discussed. The aspect of material modification is one of the critical areas in HD technology as it targets to solve the most immediate and prevalent HD issue of membrane bioincompatibility. High flux dialysis (HFD) and hemofiltration (HF) are introduced and discussed. This class of membranes was introduced to solve middle molecule (such as β2- microglobulin) related challenges. This chapter highlights the question of why the issue of incompatible materials still exists along with current membrane modifications.
- end-stage renal diseases
- membrane modification
- blood purification
- high flux dialysis
- medium cutoff dialysis
The kidneys are responsible for removing metabolic toxins created by the body’s cells. Blood purification of metabolic toxins will result in an adjustment of pH and maintains the normal condition of the body. Renal systems could experience several types of complications and illnesses such as glomerular diseases or polycystic and other cyst diseases. These could result in lack of functionality to various extents. The worst extent of failure in the introduced systems is “end-stage renal diseases” (ESRD) through which patients are experiencing chronic illnesses (chronic kidney diseases (CKD)). Kidney transplant is the first option which only a small percentage of patients could get. Hemodialysis would be one of the options beside transplant. While hemodialysis therapies are proven to be life-sustaining to an extent, morbidity side effects and mortality rates for acute renal failure patients are still a huge concern despite several advances of the technology through past decades . Enhancements have been attributed to many subsections of hemodialysis technology such as membrane materials, membrane configurations, pore size distributions, and cutoff and membrane modalities.
Rotational celluphone tubes in still dialysate bath (rotating drum dialyzer) were the initial configuration of dialyzers . Unsubstituted and substituted cellulose materials were also chosen for the membrane fabrication. With further advances in the field, initial materials were identified as the source of hemoincompatibility, and more effort was put in developing materials with higher level of blood compatibility . Synthetic polymers such as poly aryl sulfones and polyamides were the next used choice for blood purification applications . These membranes also failed to perform ideally and modification resulted in next generations of hemodialysis membranes. The historical pathway of advances though which the current hollow fiber contactor modules were chosen as the best option could be found elsewhere . The question of “why life-sustaining hemodialysis therapy still is not working to the best extent?” is not answered. The authors of this chapter believe the answer would be material incompatibility, and the next sections will try to cover this topic in addition to other aspects of hemodialysis.
2. Overview of dialysis process
The dialysis process is a chemical potential gradient-based separation process . The process’s idea was first mentioned by Graham using a semipermeable barrier for selective transport of elements in a solution [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The dialysis process contains two main streams on different sides of the membrane which is called a dialyzer, one containing higher amount of targeted chemicals (blood from chronic kidney diseases (CKD) or ESRD patient) and one with zero or lower concentrations (dialyzing fluid or dialysate), as shown in Figure 1. The Uremic and metabolic-resulted substances (which were commonly removed from blood by the kidney), are passed through the membrane, from the bloodstream side to the dialyzer side due to the difference in chemical potential.
Hemodialysis aims to remove toxins and extra water from human bodies with renal failure diseases. Based on the controlling mechanism of solute removal from the main bloodstream, diffusion, convection, or adsorption, the renal replacement modality could be categorized into three main subsections : in case diffusion is controlling the process, the method is called “hemodialysis”; if convection is predominant, the method would be known as “hemofiltration”; and finally when diffusion happens simultaneously with significant convection, the method is named as “hemodiafiltration.” It is worth mentioning that adsorption occurs all the time, however there are specific devices that use this as the main separation method in an adsorptive column [12, 13].
3. Classification of different dialysis membranes and modalities
There are different classes based on which dialysis processes are classified. An old classification divides membranes into cellulosic and synthetic-based hemodialyzers. Based on the ability to remove small molecules (urea is chosen as the reference with the molecular weight of 60 kDa), dialyzer membranes are categorized to high-performance and low-performance membranes . Another classification is based on the ability of the membranes to remove middle size molecules (macroglobulin with the molecular weight of 11,800 Da is chosen as the reference) which divides dialyzers into high-flux and low-flux membranes. Based on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), hemodialysis membranes are divided into high-permeability and conventional membranes . Modalities of hemodialysis also divide the process into center or hospital dialysis, home dialysis (performed by the patients), and limited care dialysis (performed out of hospitals and homes, in a designated center, where patients perform their own dialyses and a technician is responsible for the upkeep of the instruments) . Going through each type and modality of the hemodialysis therapy is strongly related to the patient’s condition and the practitioner’s prescription .
4. Current Issues of hemodialysis membranes
Since the emergence of the technology, several aspects of hemodialysis have been enhanced. Yet based on the reports, mortality rate in patients are still high. More importantly patients are suffering from inter- and post-dialysis health complications such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A significant share of the current hemodialysis membranes are made out of poly aryl sulfone (with distribution of 22% PES and 77% PSF) . A research observing more than 139,000 patients revealed that most mortality rate is attributed to PSF membranes (comparison was made between cellulose triacetate (CTA), polyester polymer alloy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PSF, PES, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL), and PAN ). The research announced PMMA membranes to have the lowest hazard ratio (HR) (the factor that they defined for comparing membranes).
The current hemodialysis membranes create inflammation responses due to their bioincompatibility during the blood interaction with synthesized polymeric structures. This was reported for membranes with natural-based or synthetic-based polymers [3, 4]. Each specific interaction (contact of blood proteins with membrane surface which initiates different cascade reactions and results in immune system response), is considered as an issue for dialysis membranes. Furthermore, beside four main interactions (surface activation (coagulation), platelet, complement, and leukocyte activation), infections, allergic reactions, complete disinfection of dialysate, and finally backflow of contaminated compounds could be all mentioned as other hemodialysis barriers . It should be noted that these are all general aspects of the hemodialysis therapies and each modality might have its own specific problems in addition to previously mentioned ones. Another barrier to consider is the deficient removal for middle size molecular products and uremic toxins.
Fouling and protein adsorption, the examples of the blood-polymer interaction related reactions, are barriers for dialysis process. This might not be considered as important as in other UF processes; however the reduction of performance, especially for common dialysis session with duration no longer as 5 hours, could affect patients’ wellness and results in mortality. Moreover, higher extent of fouling means more intense immune response of the body. Accordingly antifouling behavior (lower protein adsorption) of the polymeric dialysis membranes owns a great deal of importance to eliminate initial protein-polymer surface interaction and consequently patients’ physiological response.
Hemocompatibility levels are slightly modified as not as much complement activation is reported for current membrane, as compared with regenerated cellulose membranes used back in the 1960s . Clearance factors were also improved since the 1970s with the introduction of hollow fiber configurations for dialysis and using countercurrent hollow fiber membrane modules [20, 21]. Currently, instrumental progresses with higher control over dialysate temperature, plasma osmolality and sodium profiling, ultrafiltration rates, and blood volume balance have led to a more enhanced level hemodialysis [22, 23]. This is while there are still intensive ongoing researches over reducing mortality rate and morbidity due to incompatibility issues.
5. Membrane-blood interaction and biological responses
The body’s immune systems are activated along with blood protein adsorption to the surface (which is a complicated phenomena). Protein attachment to the surface is commonly studied under the title of displacement processes (Vroman effect) which might initiate the coagulation cascade [24, 25]. Any adhered cell (or triggered cells by the surface) could be activated, which consequently results in cascade activation (autocatalytic enzymatic processes) of other cells through production of mediators (with various purposes ranging from hindering interfacial cell adherence to defensive system activation) . Defensive system activation in hemodialysis reflects hemoincompatibility of the used polymeric membrane. Despite the fact that membranes are only one element of the whole extracorporeal circuit and there are other surfaces which blood contacts to reach to the membrane module and to return to the body, as the filters have the highest surface area and the highest share of contact with blood, they are considered as the primary culprit for hemoincompatibilty of blood purification systems.
The reactions resulting in incompatibility are complex, and there are many unknown regions still to be covered; however, platelets, leukocytes, the complement, and the coagulation system are proven to be role players of this concept .
Platelet activation which is commonly known as one of its resultants, blood clotting, could be initiated from either extrinsic or intrinsic pathway (with or without injury respectfully). Due to the lack of endothelium functionality of the membranes, polymeric surfaces are identified as a foreign threat to the body, and a series of reactions involving numerous enzymes and proteins occurs to protect the body. Activation of fibrinogen leads to their transformation to fibrin. Fibrins are turned into fibrin clots with a crosslinked and steady structure as a result of factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor) secretion which is activated by thrombin. Transformation of inactive zymogenes into its activated form also assists the process. Platelets will be activated and aggregated, boosting a continuous interaction which leads to blood clotting. Furthermore, other blood cells are attracted to the clot and contribute in more fibrin formation through enzymatic reactions. The formed biological layer or “protein cake” contains plasma proteins like factor XII, fibrinogen, vitronectin, kininogens, etc., which could result in further thrombogenesis [4, 27, 28].
5.2 Complement activation
Complement activation is a human immune system’s inflammatory response as a result of foreign threats. It starts by local inflammatory mediator production (C5a, C4a, and C3a). The elements of the complement cascade are mainly enzymes or binding proteins. Along with the first 15 minutes of hemodialysis, C3 is produced and cleaved into C3a, C3b, etc. The cascade continues into production of C5a and C5b-9 during the next stages of dialysis. As reported by Poppelaars et al. during a single session of hemodialysis, the level designated to C5b-9 and C3d/C3 ratios in plasma (measures of complement system activation) reaches up to 70%. However this has been interpreted as an underestimation of the measures values as they are only calculated for fluid phase, while solid phase (deposited complement system’s element on the surface) is not considered. Considering all the efforts to clarify the pathway of complement activation, it could be summarized that the base mechanism is known to be the attachment of binding proteins (mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-2) to the membrane surface which leads to lectin pathway (LP) activation. The same procedure also encounters for properdin and C3b which results in alternative pathway (AP) activation.
5.3 Leukocyte activation
One result of complement activation in hemodialysis patients is the induced expression of adhesion molecules on leukocytes (white blood cell) . Activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes results in activation of inflammatory mediators. This could consequently improve the adhesion to endothelial cells, chemoattraction for leukocytes, an additional activation of leukocytes or platelets on one hand, and oxidization of monocytes and neutrophils to release oxidants on the other hand [4, 29, 30].
Blood-membrane interactions could directly activate blood cells such as leukocytes, platelets, and red blood cells or indirectly activate them through the pathway that activates the complement system or coagulation factors.
5.4 Coagulation cascade
Contact activation of proteins could be initiated by factor XII conversion into active enzyme state (factor XIIa) which leads to activation of prekallikrein (PK)). Activated factor XIIa also turns high molecular weight kallikrein (HMWK) continuously into bradykinin. Contact activation to this extent also results in inflammation promotion as interleukins and tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) would be produced along with stimulation of nitric oxide release [31, 32, 33]. A series of various factors’ activation continues till factor Xa is generated from which thrombin and fibrin production is stimulated. This is where clot formation happens. Factor Xa is the common step that all intrinsic and extrinsic cascades reach, before clot formation . Figure 2 shows activation cascades process after blood-membrane contact.
6. Current progress in hemodialysis membranes technology
6.1 Middle molecule removal: introduction to high flux hemodialysis
Despite all the advances in compatibility of blood purification membranes, mortality rates are still reported to be high. Hemodialysis-related complications such as headache, fatigue, lack of functionality and concentration, anemia, mineral and bone metabolism disorder, and inadequate nutrition result in patients’ lower quality of life. This reflects the fact that even conventional hemodialysis has contributed in longer life span of patients, it fails to maintain full quality of life .
Humoral mediators including cytokines of inflammatory system and other high molecular weight molecular structures of protein bonded toxins were identified as probable responsible structures for deficient dialysis . Systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS or sepsis) is the side effect of inflammatory activation products. This includes several cytokines which are protein or pleiotropic polypeptides structures (hormone-like substances) secreted by the human body’s immune system. There exist several types of cytokines, namely, chemokine, interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL), lymphokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with different molecular weights. SIRS will result in coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement activations which are all parts of plasma protein cascade system. In a normal condition, there are other cytokines and proteins secreted to mediate the condition, but in a SIRS, regulatory system’s element fails to control the condition .
Middle and large molecular structures (with average molecular weights higher than 500 Dalton) and excess water accumulation are mentioned to impose concentration-dependent toxicity and, accordingly, higher mortality [35, 36]. These molecular structures range from smaller ones such as phosphorus and uremia with molecular weight less than 0.6 kDa to cytokines such as interleukin with molecular weight equal to 26 kDa. Molecular structures such as urea, creatinine, and similar structures with a molecular weight less than 500 Da are efficiently being removed by HD. Higher molecular weight cutoff membranes are created for removal of larger molecular weight toxins and toxin-bonded proteins. Modalities involving higher fluxes use convection transport phenomena which are entitled as hemofiltration membranes (HF). These methods are capable of eliminating molecular substances with molecular weight equal to or higher than 40,000 Da. The region between diffusive and convective membranes covers hemodiafiltration membranes (HDF) [38, 39].
Convective dialysis is parallel to albumin and nutrient loss of the bloodstream. Currently, hemodiafiltration blood purification membranes are recommended to be more efficient in comparison with high-flux dialysis due to less intradialytic hypotension and less nutrient loss . Cutoff adjustment of new MCO membranes is due to advances in membrane manufacturing technologies (high-tech fabrication equipment, improved packing densities, enhanced spinning techniques, fiber undulation, decreased internal filtration as a result of fiber diameter control) . MCOs have permeability values between protein-leaking dialyzers and high cutoff membranes with ß2-microglobulin and albumin sieving coefficients equal to 1.0 and 0.2, respectively . Accordingly, efficient middle toxin removal would also not solve the hemodialysis-related complications, and the solution to this problem should be found in compatibility of the membrane materials.
6.2 Hemocompatibility enhancements
Since the two concepts of “biocompatibility” and “hemocompatibility” are frequently being used instead of each other, there has to be a clear definition of these two terms. While biocompatibility, as a more general concept, targets higher liquid and solid parts of living tissues’ endurance to foreign items, hemocompatibility focuses on eliminating blood’s interactions with non-blood surfaces and materials . There is also a defined framework for hemocompatibility assessment of a material. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has issued guideline over hemocompatibility measures in medical device evaluations (ISO 10993-4) [34, 43]. Accordingly, modified bio-hemocompatible hemodialysis membrane should pass thrombosis, coagulation, platelet adhesion resistance, immunology (complement systems and leukocytes), and hematology tests .
Different modification approaches were presented throughout the past few decades which targeted hemocompatibility enhancement of blood-contacting membranes. These efforts resulted in various generations of hemodialysis membranes. First-generation hemodialysis membranes were commonly made out of hydroxyl methacrylate or cellulose polymers without any specific surface treatment or modification. Poor hemocompatibility of the materials used led to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) surface immobilization (second generation). PEG brushes enhanced membranes to an extent, but instability and cleavage along with low hemocompatibility was still an issue. Beside PEG, several hydrophilic structures, such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) , sulfonated structures , and nanomaterials [46, 47] were used for modification of dialysis membranes. Currently, researchers are targeting third generation, including zwitterionic polymeric surfaces which are believed to be better than second generation due to better performance of the PEG immobilizations due to higher hemocompatibility and stability [48, 49, 50, 51].
Zwitterionic structures (ZW) are in fact the amino acid-mimicking structures initially synthesized based on inner structures of specific human cells [52, 53]. Zwitterions have several applications in live cell imaging [54, 55], antibacterial surfaces and wound dressings , dental applications , separative membrane coatings , and most importantly blood purification . Academic efforts over immobilization of ZWs on hemodialysis membranes have been reported over different membrane materials (cellulose acetate (CA) , poly(ether sulfone) (PES) [61, 62, 63], poly(sulfone) (PSF) , poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) , poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) , etc.) using various chemical immobilization approaches.
Three main types of ZW structures are sulfobetaine, phosphobetaine, and carboxybetaine. Application of ZWs was initially introduced by phosphobetaine derivatives as mimicking the structure of human blood cells; however the two other types were more frequently used due to their less production cost and ease of processing. As explained by Chapman et al., ZWs must have dual positive-negative charged functional groups and own at least the following properties: electric charge neutrality, lack of H-bond donation sites, and possess of H-bond acceptors . Pseudo-zwitterionic materials (or mixed charged polymers), as newer classes of biomedical surface modifiers, are enhanced semi-ZW structures with positively dual charged structures that are not affected by other chemical functional groups due to higher stability. Accordingly, they have been introduced as better candidates for improving hemodialysis membranes by surface immobilization or forming hydrogels [68, 69, 70].
Table 1 offers some of the most recent efforts focused on zwitterionization of membrane surfaces. Researches presented in the table offer various polymeric membranes zwitterionized with sulfobetaine (SBMA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SSNa). Common indexes of hemocompatibility measurements, including clotting times, complement activation factors, and coagulation and hemolysis percentage, are reflected for each research in case of availability in the related literature.
|Membrane-ZW||Immobilization method||ZW Density (mg/cm2)||Clotting time (sec)||Hemolysis (%)*5||Protein adhesion||Platelet adhesion||WCA (degree)||Ref.|
|PDMS-GMA-SBMA||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||90% fibrinogen adhesion reduction||60% reduction||79|||
|PVDF-SBMA||Interfacial atmospheric plasma-induced surface copolymerization||0.7||N/A||N/A||N/A||0.3||88% fibrinogen adhesion reduction||Zero adhesion||18|||
|PVDF-SBMA||In situ immobilization||5||Plasma clotting time was reported to be 15 min||2||90% fibrinogen adhesion reduction||500 cells per mm2||10|||
|PSF-SBMA-r-SSNa||Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization||0.95||78||18||N/A||N/A||4 μgBSA/ cm2 and 2 μgBFG/cm2||Zero adhesion||12.3|||
|PSF-SBMA-b-SSNa||Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization||0.88||85||23||N/A||N/A||16 μgBSA/ cm2 and 13 μgBFG/cm2||87 × 105 cells/cm2||17.2|||
|PSF-SBMA||Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization||N/A||58||19||N/A||0.9||2.5 μgBSA or BFG/cm2||Zero adhesion||30|||
|PSF-DEPAS||Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||32.5 μgBSA/cm2||Qualitative reduction||38|||
|PSF-SBMA||Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization||0.171||52.5||22||11||N/A||2.70 μgBSA/cm2 and 2.51 μgBFG/cm2||0.34 × 105 cells/cm2||31.35|||
|PSF-SSNa||Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization||0.110||73.1||22||11||N/A||13.02 μgBSA/cm2 and 10.07 μgBFG/cm2||6.94 × 105 cells/cm2||20.80|||
|PES-SBMA||In situ polymerization||N/A||75||19||N/A||N/A||8 μgBSA/cm2 and 10 μgBFG/cm2||10 × 105 cells/cm2||11.1|||
|PES-SSNa||In situ polymerization||N/A||115||18||N/A||N/A||12.5 μgBSA/cm2 and 12 μgBFG/cm2||40 × 105 cells/cm2||57|||
|PES-SBMA-SSNa||In situ polymerization||N/A||85||18||N/A||N/A||8 μgBSA/cm2 and 7 μgBFG/cm2||60 × 105 cells/cm2||45|||
|PES-SSNa-SBMA||Radical graft polymerization||0.2||55||30||10||N/A||6.5 μgBSA/cm2 and 4.2 μgBFG/cm2||3 × 105 cells/cm2||55|||
|PES-SBMA||Radical graft polymerization||0.22||51||30||10||N/A||5 μgBSA/cm2 and 4 μgBFG/cm2||3 × 105 cells/cm2||54|||
|PES-SSNa||Radical graft polymerization||0.14||90.10||30||10||N/A||10 μgBSA/cm2 and 7 μgBFG/cm2||37 × 105 cells/cm2||53|||
|PSF-carboxyl-terminated SBMA||Carbodiimide-free radical polymerization||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||Zero fibrinogen adsorption||Zero adhesion||32.8|||
|PDMS-carboxyl-terminated SBMA||Carbodiimide-free radical polymerization||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||Zero fibrinogen adsorption||Zero adhesion||10|||
|PDMS-SBMA-co-AA||Carbodiimide-free radical polymerization||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||0.1 × 105 cells/cm290% adhesion reduction||N/A|||
|PU-SBMA-co-AA||Carbodiimide-free radical polymerization||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||0.2 × 105 cells/cm280% adhesion reduction||N/A|||
|PLA-SBMA*6||Atom transfer radical polymerization||1.3||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||N/A||3.2 × 105 cells/cm2||9|||
Different surface immobilization techniques were used to enhance membranes’ surface with various types of zwitterionic materials. An important factor to consider is the efficiency of grafting techniques which could be expressed by surface grafting density of zwitterionics on the membranes. Moreover, hydrophilicity and surface roughness are the other factors affecting the adsorption of proteins and consequently initiation of cascade reactions. PVDF-SBMA membranes with in situ polymerization technique resulted in highest grafting density and one of the highest hydrophilicity degrees. Yet the modified structure did not resist to platelet and protein adhesion significantly. This could probably be due to the deficient surface roughness of the enhanced hemodialysis membrane. PSF, PVDF, and PDMS membranes with SBMA modification have more frequently resulted in zero platelet adhesion [64, 71, 72, 76]. Among the three aforesaid membranes, PSF- and PDMS-carboxy-terminated SBMA membranes showed zero protein adsorption . Hemolysis percentage, which shows the extent of blood cell damage when it touches the membrane surface, was reported to be the lowest for PVDF-SMBA membranes with plasma-induced surface copolymerization as modification technique . Different clotting time parameters were also observed, and despite other parameters which were better for SBMA-modified surfaces, SSNa-zwitterionized membranes showed higher clotting time in general [53, 63]. The higher anticoagulant characteristics of SSNa-modified membranes could be interpreted into higher extent of coagulation cascade-resulted enzyme blockages (factor XII, factor XIIa, etc.).
Rather than ZW structures, other biomimetic surface modification approaches have been assessed by researchers for hemodialysis hemocompatibility improvements [5, 6, 7]. These bioinspired structures are mainly patterned from anticoagulants which are commonly used during a dialysis session. One of the most frequent reported structures from this class is heparin. Heparin and heparin-mimicking structures have been reported to be efficient in controlling the blood clotting process on the membrane and accordingly increasing its hemocompatibility. Due to high content of carboxyl and sulfate functional groups, heparin and heparin-mimicking structures are known as good candidate for both anticoagulation facilitator and membrane hydrophilicity’s enhancer . Just like ZW, heparin is also reported to be effective as attached to different membrane materials such as poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) , poly(lactic acid) (PLA) , PSF , etc.
The main hemocompatibility mechanisms of previous and current generations of hemodialysis membranes are described to be related to hydrophilicity improvements (thicker hydration layer and less resistance to blood particle movements (higher degree of hemolysis)). Another class of modification which results in similar characteristics of surfaces is hydrogel. Several advantages of hydrogels in biomedical fields have been noted such as their living tissue resemblance or their 3D porous structures [75, 83]. Since hydrogels are polymeric networks, almost all possible polymeric modifications could be considered. This means adsorptive nanoparticles, ZWs, and biomimetic structures could all be used within this technique to have advantages of hybrid approaches . A sample of such an approach is using graphene oxide-based heparin-mimicking hydrogel structures . Interestingly, in comparison with common hemocompatibility approaches, hydrogel-based techniques could be significantly efficient. A support for such a hypothesis is a research reported by who immobilized a heparin-mimicking thin film hydrogel on PES hemodialysis membrane which resulted in three times higher clotting time than best modified blood purification membranes (activated partial thromboplastin time value of 600 sec).
7. Conclusion and outlook
Several hemodialysis membranes’ enhancements for higher hemocompatibility characteristics have been achieved experimentally as reported by various studies. Nevertheless, there are many questions which are not answered nor assessed. As an instance, several immobilization techniques have been introduced, but there is no clear comparison that could recommend a final better method for surface modification. More importantly, not all the membrane hemocompatibility studies consider all standard aspects of hemocompatibility assessment. In other words, available papers are reporting few factors of hemocompatibility assessment. Accordingly, no accurate comparison between different immobilization techniques and enhancer materials such as zwitterions or anticoagulants could truly be made based on the literatures.
Several aspects of hemodialysis have been improved since the emergence of technology. Material improvement along with pore size adjustment and different modalities of blood purification systems have resulted in higher hemocompatibility of the membranes and wider range of products for hospital and home dialysis sessions. Despite the improvements in different aspects of hemodialysis, the patient’s quality of life is still not acceptable. Accordingly, there have to be more efforts put on incompatibility issues of the membranes.
The authors would like to acknowledge and express their gratitude to Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) for funding the project, and the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department at University of Saskatchewan for the support provided.
|ESRD||end-stage renal disease|
|CKD||chronic kidney disease|
|ISO||International Standardization Organization|
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He M, Cui X, Jiang H, Huang X, Zhao W, Zhao C. Super-anticoagulant heparin-mimicking hydrogel thin film attached substrate surfaces to improve hemocompatibility. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2017; 17:1600281 | <urn:uuid:5208dde2-01d0-4e8c-91dc-205c8274edeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70659 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.847672 | 12,802 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Tree transducer explained
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a tree transducer (TT) is an abstract machine taking as input a tree, and generating output – generally other trees, but models producing words or other structures exist. Roughly speaking, tree transducers extend tree automata in the same way that word transducers extend word automata.
Manipulating tree structures instead of words enable TT to model syntax-directed transformations of formal or natural languages. However, TT are not as well-behaved as their word counterparts in terms of algorithmic complexity, closure properties, etcetera. In particular, most of the main classes are not closed under composition.
The main classes of tree transducers are:
Top-Down Tree Transducers (TOP)
A TOP T is a tuple (Q, Σ, Γ, I, δ) such that:
- Q is a finite set, the set of states;
- Σ is a finite ranked alphabet, called the input alphabet;
- Γ is a finite ranked alphabet, called the output alphabet;
- I is a subset of Q, the set of initial states; and
is a set of rules
of the form
, where f
is a symbol of Σ, n
is the arity of f
is a state, and u
is a tree on Γ and
, such pairs being nullary.
Examples of rules and intuitions on semantics
is a rule – one customarily writes
instead of the pair
– and its intuitive semantics is that, under the action of q
, a tree with f
at the root and three children is transformed into
are replaced, respectively, with the application of
on the first child and with the application of
on the third.
The semantics of each state of the transducer T, and of T itself, is a binary relation between input trees (on Σ) and output trees (on Γ).
A way of defining the semantics formally is to see
as a term rewriting system, provided that in the right-hand sides the calls are written in the form
, where states q
are unary symbols. Then the semantics
of a state q
is given by
The semantics of T
is then defined as the union of the semantics of its initial states:
Determinism and domain
As with tree automata, a TOP is said to be deterministic (abbreviated DTOP) if no two rules of δ share the same left-hand side, and there is at most one initial state. In that case, the semantics of the DTOP is a partial function from input trees (on Σ) to output trees (on Γ), as are the semantics of each of the DTOP's states.
The domain of a transducer is the domain of its semantics. Likewise, the image of a transducer is the image of its semantics.
Properties of DTOP
- DTOP are not closed under union: this is already the case for deterministic word transducers.
- The domain of a DTOP is a regular tree language. Furthermore, the domain is recognisable by a deterministic top-down tree automaton (DTTA) of size at most exponential in that of the initial DTOP.
That the domain is DTTA-recognizable is not surprising, considering that the left-hand sides of DTOP rules are the same as for DTTA. As for the reason for the exponential explosion in the worst case (that does not exist in the word case), consider the rule
. In order for the computation to succeed, it must succeed for both children. That means that the right child must be in the domain of
. As for the left child, it must be in the domain of both
. Generally, since subtrees can be copied, a single subtree can be evaluated by multiple states during a run, despite the determinism, and unlike DTTA. Thus the construction of the DTTA recognising the domain of a DTOP must account for sets
of states and compute the intersections of their domains, hence the exponential. In the special case of linear
DTOP, that is to say DTOP where each
appears at most once in the right-hand side of each rule, the construction is linear in time and space.
- The image of a DTOP is not a regular tree language.
Consider the transducer coding the transformation
; that is, duplicate the child of the input. This is easily done by a rule
, where p
encodes the identity
. Then, absent any restrictions on the first child of the input, the image is a classical non-regular tree language.
- However, the domain of a DTOP cannot be restricted to a regular tree language. That is to say, given a DTOP T and a language L, one cannot in general build a DTOP
such that the semantics of
is that of T
This property is linked to the reason deterministic top-down tree automata are less expressive than bottom-up automata: once you go down a given path, information from other paths is inaccessible. Consider the transducer coding the transformation
; that is, output the right child of the input. This is easily done by a rule
, where p
encodes the identity. Now let's say we want to restrict this transducer to the finite (and thus, in particular, regular) domain
. We must use the rules
q(f(x1,x2))\top(x2), p(a)\toa, p(b)\tob
. But in the first rule,
does not appear at all, since nothing is produced from the left child. Thus, it is not possible to test that the left child is c
. In contrast, since we produce from the right child, we can test that it is a
. In general, the criterion is that DTOP cannot test properties of subtrees from which they do not produce output.
- DTOP are not closed under composition. However this problem can be solved by the addition of a lookahead: a tree automaton, coupled to the transducer, that can perform tests on the domain which the transducer is incapable of.
This follows from the point about domain restriction: composing the DTOP encoding identity on
with the one encoding
must yield a transducer with the semantics
, which we know is not expressible by a DTOP.
- The typechecking problem—testing whether the image of a regular tree language is included in another regular tree language—is decidable.
- The equivalence problem—testing whether two DTOP define the same functions—is decidable.
Bottom-Up Tree Transducers (BOT)
As in the simpler case of tree automata, bottom-up tree transducers are defined similarly to their top-down counterparts, but proceed from the leaves of the tree to the root, instead of from the root to the leaves. Thus the main difference is in the form of the rules, which are of the form
- Book: Hubert. Comon. Max. Dauchet. Rémi. Gilleron. Florent. Jacquemard. Denis. Lugiez. Christof. Löding. Sophie. Tison. Marc. Tommasi. Tree Automata Techniques and Applications. November 2008. Chapter 6: Tree Transducers . https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03367725/document. 11 February 2014. .
- Book: Hosoya, Haruo. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-139-49236-2. Foundations of XML Processing: The Tree-Automata Approach. 4 November 2010.
Notes and References
- Baker, B.S.: Composition of top-down and bottom-up tree transductions. Inf. Control 41(2), 186–213 (1979)
- Maneth. Sebastian. A Survey on Decidable Equivalence Problems for Tree Transducers. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science. December 2015. 26. 8. 1069–1100. 10.1142/S0129054115400134. 20.500.11820/2f1acef4-1b06-485f-bfd1-88636c9e2fe6. free.
- Decidability results concerning tree transducers I. www.inf.u-szeged.hu. | <urn:uuid:19ced1b7-c20f-4b17-90d3-e38dabb64e99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://everything.explained.today/Tree_transducer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.885293 | 1,988 | 3.265625 | 3 |
With the growing need of more advanced chips and designs, SiC power semiconductor segment is commendable. According to a report, the silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor market is increasing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 29% from 2017 to $1.4bn in 2023.
The report noted that the SiC market is still being driven by diodes used in power factor correction (PFC) and photovoltaic (PV) applications.
However, Yole expects that in five years the main SiC device market driver will be transistors, with a 50% CAGR over 2017-2023.
The improvement is said to be because of transistor performance and reliability compared with the first generation of products.
Yole says that atopic that has been discussed in all its exchanges with industrial players is SiC adoption for automotive applications over the next 5-10 years. “Its implementation rate differs depending on where SiC is being used,” comments Dr Hong Lin, Technology and Market Analyst, Compound Semiconductors at Yole. “That could be in the main inverter, in the on-board charger (OBC) or in the DC/DC converter,” he adds. “More than 20 automotive companies are already using SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) or SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for the OBC, which will lead to a 44% CAGR through to 2023.”
Yole anticipates SiC adoption in the main inverter by some pioneers, at a 108% CAGR during 2017-2023, since nearly all carmakers have projects to implement SiC in the main inverter over coming years. Chinese automotive players in particular are strongly considering the adoption of SiC.
An example of early adoption is the recent SiC module developed by STMicroelectronics for Tesla and its Model 3 car. The SiC-based inverter, analyzed by Yole’s sister company System Plus Consulting, consists of 24 1-in-1 power modules. Each contains two SiC MOSFETs with an innovative die attach solution and connected directly on the terminals with copper clips and thermally dissipated by copper baseplates. The thermal dissipation of the modules is enabled by a specially designed pin-fin heatsink.
“The SiC MOSFET is manufactured with the latest STMicroelectronics technology design,” notes Dr Elena Barbarini, head of Department Devices at System Plus Consulting. “This technical choice allows a reduction of conduction losses and switching losses,” she adds. STMicroelectronics is strongly involved in the development of SiC-based modules for the automotive industry. During its recent Capital Markets Day, the leading player detailed its activities in this field. STMicroelectronics is also commited to the development of innovative packaging solutions.
In general, system manufacturers are interested in implementing cost-effective systems that are reliable, regardless of whether the power devices are silicon or SiC based. “Today, even if it’s certified that SiC performs better than silicon, system manufacturers still get questions about long-term reliability and the total cost of the SiC inverter,” comments Ana Villamor, technology & market analyst, Power Electronics & Compound Semiconductors at Yole.
Is Supply chain ready for SiC?
Matching the supply chain with the evolving SiC market can be a snag. One of the bottlenecks as of 2018 is SiC wafer supply.
The shortage has existed since late 2016. Yole says that last year it heard complaints. Some expected the situation to be resolved in second-half 2017, but as of mid-2018 the issue remains, due to two main reasons:
(1) the transition from 4” to 6” wafers is much faster than suppliers expected;
(2) the increase in wafer demand has been faster than expected.
Some say that the shortage is temporary and typical when shifting to larger wafer sizes. Others consider the situation to be critical. It is a good problem for wafer suppliers, as constrained supply allows them to maintain high wafer prices. But they are also investing heavily to satisfy demand from numerous clients. Yole estimates that, in the coming years, several hundred million dollars will be invested, as leading SiC wafer suppliers Cree-Wolfspeed, II-VI Inc and Dow are all planning to expand capacity.
At the epiwafer level, the market has struggled to take off for several years, but the situation is evolving quickly. For example, Yole has seen Showa Denko expand its capacity consecutively in 2015, 2016 and 2018 as the technology becomes more mature and the outsourcing ratio increases.
markets. This strategy pivot will allow Cree to invest more into its SiC activities (expanding wafer, epiwafer and device capacity) and prepare for market growth. On the other side of the abortive acquisition, Infineon has also developed its SiC power business. The firm signed a long-term SiC wafer supply agreement with Cree and began to actively promote its CoolSiC MOSFETs at different power electronic tradeshows and conferences in 2018.
A foundry model is clearly forming that enables fabless and fab-lite companies to launch SiC products and make the technology more accessible. However, there was also a short supply of foundry services in 2017. The new 6” wafer foundry Clas-SiC Wafer Fab Ltd was founded in 2017 comprising the entire SiC team from Raytheon, which has ceased its SiC activities. Taiwanese foundry Episil is also now active.
The report was commissoned by ‘Power SiC 2018: Materials, Devices and Applications’ by the Power & Wireless team at market research and strategy consulting company Yole Développement. | <urn:uuid:77b867f8-ae57-44f6-9fff-44f18a648717> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bisinfotech.com/strong-29-cagr-growth-of-sic-power-semiconductor-market-to-log-1-4bn-in-2023/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954511 | 1,249 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Routine and Planning for Success
Routine gives you time
For me routine is key to ensure that my time is spent pleasantly and well. It sets my day and also allows me to react with more flexibility to any last minute events or changes.
Our time is valuable and it is important to learn to plan for priorities and set routines.
And specially for business owners and entrepreneurs that want to make sure their time is optimised for a life-work balance.
Create a simple daily routine
- Plan ahead
Plan your day and to do list either the evening before or first thing in the morning. You will start your day with a clear structured plan and goals to achieve.
- Prioritise the urgent and difficult
Start with the urgent work and tasks. Schedule the most important tasks and top priorities for the beginning of the day. Then work down to the lower tasks and actions. Any tasks left undone can be placed on the list for the next day.
- Put the don’t disturb sign on
Create a don’t disturb and no distractions time to focus on a specific task. This means putting the phone, emails and social media off. Remember that you do not always need to be available and connected. If you tend to multitask two or three things at the same time (emails, social media, phone), try to notice if your stress levels are not higher and you have less things done or are taking longer.
- Motivation and accountability
A good way to stay motivated with your work and time is to know your goals and end-results. You can also reward yourself when you achieve certain goals. And you can also have an accountability partner to support you, to share successes and ideas.
Keep in mind
- Don’t over plan and leave space for the unexpected.
- Don’t thrive on the myth of multitasking and feeling very busy. Focus on each task and you will get more done.
- Accept that you will not have time for everything, and make sure you organise your time for your priorities. | <urn:uuid:1ef09800-9f8d-4521-a8c7-25ed383dd21d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://claudiafortes.com/2017/04/18/routine-success/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.936724 | 423 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The OECD Development Centre’s Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) is a cross-country measure of discrimination against women in social institutions (formal and informal laws, social norms, and practices) across 180 countries.
Call for interest: share your expertise!
The SIGI is seeking legal and gender specialists to participate in its pro bono and global research project on gender equality. Find out more.
What are discriminatory social institutions?
Formal and informal laws, attitudes and practices that restrict women’s and girls’ access to rights, justice and empowerment opportunities. These are captured in a multi-faceted approach by SIGI’s variables that combine qualitative and quantitative data, taking into account both the de jure and de facto discrimination of social institutions, through information on laws, attitudes and practices. The variables span all stages of a woman’s life in order to show how discriminatory social institutions can interlock and bind them into cycles of poverty and disempowerment.
Discriminatory social institutions intersect across all stages of girls’ and women’s life, restricting their access to justice, rights and empowerment opportunities and undermining their agency and decision-making authority over their life choices. As underlying drivers of gender inequalities, discriminatory social institutions perpetuate gender gaps in development areas, such as education, employment and health, and hinder progress towards rights-based social transformation that benefits both women and men.
The four dimensions included in the SIGI
The SIGI covers four dimensions of discriminatory social institutions, spanning major socio-economic areas that affect women’s lives:
- Discrimination in the family;
- Restricted physical integrity;
- Restricted access to productive and financial resources; and
- Restricted civil liberties.
The SIGI’s variables quantify discriminatory social institutions such as unequal inheritance rights, child marriage, violence against women, and unequal land and property rights. Through its 180 country profiles, country classifications, unique database and its innovative simulator, the SIGI provides a strong evidence base to effectively address the discriminatory social institutions that hold back progress on gender equality and women’s empowerment and allows policy makers to scope out reform options and assess their likely effects on gender equality in social institutions.
The fourth edition of the SIGI
The SIGI was first launched in 2009, and then updated in 2012 and 2014. The fourth edition of the SIGI was launched in December 2018. The latest edition includes:
- A new cross-country ranking classifying countries according to their level of discrimination in social institutions;
- 180 individual country profiles containing comprehensive qualitative information on legal frameworks and action plans to protect women’s rights and promote gender equality; and
- A new database summarising all discriminatory laws, social norms and practices worldwide;
- A policy simulator allowing policy makers to scope out reform options and assess their likely effects on gender equality in social institutions. Watch the tutorial on how to use the policy simulator.
Full details of the changes can be found in the methodological background paper (forthcoming).
This sub-index captures social institutions that limit women’s decision-making power and undervalues their status in the household and the family. These formal and informal laws, social norms and practices co-exist in different types of legal systems including civil or common law, customary law, and religious laws and cover areas such as marriage, parental authority, household responsibilities, divorce and inheritance rights. Women’s decision-making power and status in the family determine both their ability to choose their own development pathways and the well-being of their families. | <urn:uuid:ea548852-1ece-4ff0-9dc6-627d27cd0d90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.genderindex.org/sigi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.91766 | 736 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Obama administration officials trekked out to a tiny rural community in southern Virginia to teach the local yokels a thing about immigration policy. Yet the lessons learned were not by the local farmers but by the bureaucrats who got more than an earful in protests against placing illegal aliens in their small town of Lawrenceville.
“We will not be strong-armed by federal officials,” bellowed one resident at the town hall, a 32-year-old former Marine named Aaron Smith. “We will not be pushed around,” he exclaimed against the federal officials, as the crowd of townspeople gave him rousing applause.
Lawrenceville has only about 1,400 residents, and the town hall was held on June 19 in a spacious auditorium that seats 900. But even that large facility was not big enough to hold the outrage, as more than 1,000 angry people — nearly everyone in the town — showed up to express opposition to the Obama administration plan to relocate illegal immigrant children there.
The Obama administration thought it could quietly house 500 children, who had illegally crossed our border with Mexico, in a vacant college that had recently closed in this small town, but the politicians badly misread the depth of public opposition. Numerous federal officials were then sent by the Obama administration to appease the locals, but in the face of the uproar the officials felt compelled to apologize, one after another, for what they had done.
The apologies rang hollow. In typical government-speak, one official attributed the problem to “communication challenges” and acted like the miscommunication could be overcome with a bunch of talk. But there was no “communication challenge” in the numerous signs brought by town residents that shouted, “no illegal immigrants.”
Residents expressed concern about public safety and a possible increase in crime if so many kids were bought into the community without parental supervision. “The No. 1 concern we have is the potential for shenanigans and the potential for crime,” observed townsman Derek Lewis at a local pizza parlor.
Brunswick County Sheriff Brian Roberts was also candid, describing “fear” among locals about the way the government was handling this, adding that “500 kids unaccounted for — illegal alien children in my little sleepy town — I just don’t think it’s the right fit for this community.”
Another harebrained response by the Obama administration to the massive influx of illegal immigrant kids, roughly 100,000 in this year alone, is to promise to send more money to the Central American nations that are dumping their kids on us. President Barack Obama wants to send $161.5 million to the so-called Central American Regional Security Initiative and nearly $100 million to El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras — payments that will be additional incentives for them to permit more kids to show up at our southern border.
Instead of the United States rewarding nations for demanding that we provide free day care and medical care for their kids, shouldn’t we instead be sending those countries a big bill for the cost of return bus tickets to transport the kids back?
Only one person amid the numerous presidential hopefuls seems to be getting the message. That candidate is, lo and behold, Hillary Clinton, who is seizing the day and outflanking Republicans on this issue by being the first to call for a return of the tens of thousands of children back to their homes in Central America. The only other prominent leader to call for sending them back to where they came from is — surprise, surprise — Sen. John McCain, R-Arizona.
The anemic reaction by Republican Party leadership is almost as pathetic as the swarming of children across our southern border. Euphemistically called unaccompanied children rather than illegal aliens, they are overwhelming Homeland Security and turning border patrol agents into nannies with diaper-changing responsibilities.
Back in Lawrenceville, the Obama administration officials promised that the 500 young illegal aliens would not be dumped on the small community without their approval. Really? Thousands of other young illegal aliens have already been relocated to Arizona and Oklahoma, despite criticisms by their governors.
Nobody seems to know who or where the parents of these children are, but we do know what the cause of the surge in illegal border crossings is. Promises of so-called immigration reform, with its allure of amnesty, inevitably bring more illegals wanting more of the same.
The tens of thousands of kids surging across our southern border are not unaccompanied; they may be carrying staph infections, chickenpox and scabies, which is a highly contagious skin disease that causes massive itching due to burrowing mites, plus diseases that the U.S. eradicated in our country years ago, such as tuberculosis, Chagas disease, dengue fever, hepatitis, malaria and measles. | <urn:uuid:48b4f0c9-ac20-4481-9c75-b005d71af2f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mantecabulletin.com/opinion/other-views/furor-about-plan-for-illegal-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963173 | 986 | 1.726563 | 2 |
GG 140: The Atmosphere, the Ocean, and Environmental Change
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The Atmosphere, the Ocean, and Environmental Change
GG 140 - Lecture 27 - Global Warming
Chapter 1: Global Warming [00:00:00]
Professor Ron Smith: OK, so we are starting this new subject, which is a really important one. And we’ll be covering at least these subtopics, starting with the carbon cycle, then the question of whether we can use the Holocene as a reference period for judging recent climate change. We’ll go over the history and the theory of the warming and cooling we’ve had over the last hundred years or so, talk about the IPCC forecasts for the future, and then go back, in a way, and kind of summarize some of this by talking about this interesting and useful concept of climate sensitivity. So it’s quite a lot of material.
The book is chapter 13. A couple of you have commented that in the earlier editions, there may not even be such a chapter. So please check with your classmates that have the current edition and look at their chapter 13 and see what the deal is. If you don’t have that chapter, you may want to borrow someone else’s textbook for a few hours while you read through that chapter.
But a lot of the material, as I’ll indicate in a minute, is coming out of the IPCC reports. And those are–some are already put online on the class’s server for you, others you can find very easily online. Just Google IPCC. It’ll take you to their big website. There’s lots of different reports, you just have to figure out which ones you’re looking for there. So even if you don’t have a chapter 13, you can get a lot of this from the IPCC reports.
Now I wanted to point out that this subject we’re dealing with now, I think, is one of the four great paradigm shifts in the earth sciences. The four, in my mind, being the theory of evolution, that is, Darwin’s idea of the mutability of species back in the 1860s. The theory of the Ice Ages, which we’ve spoken about in this course. The idea that just 14,000 years ago, we had a thick layer of ice covering over much of what is today open, useful land. The theory of plate tectonics, which helps us to understand the layout of the continents, how that has changed through geologic time. The difference between continental crust and ocean crust. It even helps us to understand the shape of the ocean basins. And then the theory of global warming, which we’ll be dealing with now.
Now, these each have their own characteristics, but on a scientific front, they all were true revolutions. In other words, they changed the very most basic ideas of how we thought about the different subjects of biology and climate and geology, and then, not only climate for global warming, but also the role of humans on the planet. There are books, interesting books, written on the history of each of these. Fascinating reading. How they were resisted, how they were promoted, what kinds of evidence finally tipped it over so that the majority of the scientific community finally accepted these. Fascinating reading in the history of human thought.
Of course, the theory of evolution was resisted strongly by the church at that time because it changed the way we thought about humans and human nature. Still resisted to this day in some areas. The theory of the Ice Ages and plate tectonics I don’t think had any kind of resistance or even that much notoriety in the general public. So they were mostly battles fought within cadre of scientists. So that’s a little different.
But then we get to the theory of global warming, and now we’re back in a subject that is of great interest to the general public as well, and comes straight into politics. And it has a stake, a current stake. Now, all of these things were interesting–those first three were interesting intellectually, but none of them required that we do much in response to whether the theory was accepted or not. Where the theory of global warming is a little different because it has to do with not only the role of humans on the planet and the question of whether there are too many people and our lifestyle is wrong, but also in many respects it brings in the issue whether we should be changing our lifestyle or changing the way we do things.
So here we are. And so you and I are living through this one. Not only is it a scientific debate, but it has these political and economic consequences. It’s really a mess, because it’s all these fears of discussion are engaged in the theory of—in the discussions of the theory of global warming.
Any comments or questions on this? So, of course, I’m going to try to approach this in the most boring, scientific way that I can and try to keep to a large extent out of the politics and these other discussions. But we can’t avoid dealing with some of these. It used to be that, when you went to someone’s house or a cocktail party, your companion would whisper in your ear, now remember, don’t talk about politics or religion. And now you have to say, don’t talk about politics or religion or global warming, because you get into some terrible battles quite innocently, making the most benign remarks. And suddenly, everybody’s in an uproar. So, particularly hard for someone who works in this field to avoid that kind of awkward party situation.
So as I’ve indicated, for a lot of the discussion, then, that you’ll do, and that I will do, and that everybody else does, your primary reference material are these very valuable IPCC reports. There have been a series of IPCC reports, and the most recent one, called the Fourth Assessment, was finished in 2007. And of course, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is busily working on the next one. I don’t know when the target date is, but probably within a year or two, there will be the Fifth Assessment of climate change. And some of that material is already being leaked. You can find it on their website. But for the most part, we’re going to be going back and focusing most of our attention on the 2007 report.
But there have been other things more recent, such as an interesting National Academy of Sciences report on, what’s the word they used? Sudden, they used a different word–sudden climate change, they did a particular study on how fast climate change will occur. And I’ve got that posted on the lab course website. A special report, also by the National Academy, on high latitude climate change, and both of those are more recent than 2007, so those will give you some updated material.
And there is other–for example, if you go to this website, RealClimate.com, which has a reputation for being a little bit on the liberal side of the issue, but nevertheless, a lot of scientists post recent results on RealClimate.com. And if you’re going to do that, though, you should be evenhanded and go to some of these other anti websites, like, what are they called, ClimateSkeptic.com and things like that. So be sure you, if you’re going to bookmark some of these things, try to get an even number of bookmarks on the two sides of the issue. You’ll have to decide for yourself, in the end, which material you accept and which ones you reject. I’ll try to help with that a little bit.
Chapter 2: The Carbon Cycle [00:08:45]
So let’s start out by looking at the carbon cycle, which is really one of the core issues in the debate. It has to do with what controls the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere. We know the carbon dioxide is a powerful greenhouse gas. It has a linear molecular structure, but it can flap and it can vibrate in such a way to absorb and emit infrared radiation. So it’s a powerful greenhouse gas. It’s in part controlled by anthropogenic processes, so it’s at the center of the whole debate. You have to know this. You have to know that when you burn something like coal, the chemical reaction looks like that, carbon plus oxygen. You oxidize the carbon to form CO2, and that’s a gas that goes into the atmosphere. This comes from the atmosphere, and this would be coming from some buried deposit of coal. If you’re burning methane, which is CH4, you combine that with oxygen and you get two by-products, water vapor and carbon dioxide.
The water vapor we pretty much neglect, because it goes into the atmosphere as water vapor, but then instantly, it becomes part of the normal hydrologic cycle. And if you remember early in the course, we computed the average residence time for water vapor. Anybody remember what that was? Nine days, yeah, eight days, nine days. So in other words, it’s cycled back in rain to the earth’s surface or the ocean very, very quickly, and so it really plays no role in the greenhouse effect.
Let me be careful. Water vapor is also a very powerful greenhouse gas. And because there’s so much of it, it’s actually in a sense the strongest of all the greenhouse gases. But it is controlled by the natural system. It doesn’t matter how much we add into it. The level is not going to change for that reason. It’s going to be controlled by the own, the internal processes within the atmosphere. Nothing we can do in adding water vapor is going to have any influence on changing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. So it’s important to know that water vapor is one product, but in terms of what that does to climate, that particular piece is negligible in the sense that I have just described.
Propane is another form of gas. It can be burned for heat, and the reaction–the stoichiometry is a little bit different. I’ve tried to balance those reactions. I’m not a chemist, so you may want to check me. Add up the carbons, add up the oxygen, be sure everything adds up properly, and correct if I’ve gone wrong here. But basically water and CO2 again, and the same thing implies. The CO2 stays in the atmosphere, influencing climate. The water vapor quickly gets cycled into the natural hydrologic system.
Another thing that’s going on, we’ve talked about calcium carbonate in this course a couple of times because that excess calcium that we found in the Quinnipiac River that wasn’t there in ocean water, we argued goes into making calcium carbonate in the oceans, shells, limestones, and so on. There’s a lot of that around in the earth’s climate system. If we take a little bit of that and heat it, we can separate it into the material that’s used to make cement, but that releases CO2 as well. So there’s another source of CO2. It’s not quite as powerful as these. I’m going to show you some numbers in a minute. But that is another significant input of CO2, is the making of cement from natural calcium carbonate that was precipitated in the oceans by either living or non-living processes.
Stop me if you have any questions on this.
So when you burn fossil fuels then, you’re putting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And that comes from carbon that’s been stored in the earth, typically for 60 or 100 million years. Remember in the Cretaceous Period, way back when the dinosaurs were alive, that’s when a lot of forests were being–the earth was very warm during that period of time. You had tropical forests almost everywhere on the continents. Those trees would eventually fall. And the productivity was so high, instead of their rotting and putting that CO2 back in the atmosphere, they would be covered over by another and then another and another. So you ended up sequestering all of that carbon down in the crust of the earth, where it’s been sitting there for 60 or 100 million years. And now we’re suddenly pulling it back out and burning it and putting it back into the atmosphere.
And in the oceans, too, you had algae growing, phytoplankton, that would sink to the bottom of the ocean, and instead of rotting and returning to the ocean system, they would get covered over. And today you have all of these oil deposits beneath the ocean bottom. And then we dig those up and we burn those, too. So both on the land and in the oceans, we are removing ancient, very ancient fossil carbon and burning it to put it back in the atmosphere.
Now the natural, the modern biosphere is active in this as well. For example, trees remove a lot of carbon dioxide during the summer season when they’re growing and use that to build their woody biomass. Remember, the trunk of a tree is about 1/5 or one quarter carbon. Well, where did that carbon come from? It didn’t come from the soil. From the soil, the tree is getting water and it’s getting nutrients, like nitrogens and phosphorus, but almost all of the carbon to build a tree trunk is coming from the atmosphere.
I mentioned in another context that I did a project down on a small island in the Caribbean last spring. And we were flying an aircraft around the island. One of the sensors we had on the airplane was a carbon dioxide sensor so we could measure how much carbon dioxide was in the atmosphere upstream of the island, over the island, and downstream of the island. The island was forested. It’s the island of Dominica, one of the few Caribbean islands that still has its original forest. And when we flew downstream of the island, across the wake of the island, we found a slight deficit in carbon dioxide. In other words, the air that had come from upstream and passed over the island’s forests had lost a little bit of carbon dioxide to those trees, and we found that deficit downwind. Now, this has been well known. You can measure this in lots of other ways. But this is yet another way to convince yourself that the forests are actively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere all the time that they’re growing.
But then, they recycle some of that. For example, the material in leaves that falls to earth at this time of year then rots and respires over the winter season to put that little bit of carbon back in. Now it still has its woody biomass, which is most of it, but a little bit goes back into the atmosphere, which gives that little bit of wiggle in the Keeling curve that you were studying in your Time Series Lab. So I want to emphasize that the biosphere is a very active player in this carbon cycle. Certainly on the long term, but then on the modern time scales as well.
Any questions there? Yeah.
Student: Does the carbon that’s sequestered in the wood, when, like, the wood from the tree rots, is that also, is that rereleased in the atmosphere?
Professor Ron Smith: That’s right. So if a tree, if a modern tree today does fall and then you watch it over some years, it rots and kind of disappears into the Earth. That carbon ends up back in the atmosphere. A little bit may be left in the soil as organic carbon, but then over a longer period of time, maybe ten or twenty years, that too will go back to the atmosphere. So there are few places on earth, however, where you’re getting this sequestration, where you’re getting things falling on top of it faster than it can rot. But I would say, for example, in most of these New England forests, most of the ancient tree material is going back into the atmosphere.
Well, in fact, that’s one of the problems with this idea of solving the global warming problem by planting lots of trees. Because what that will do in the short run, indeed, it will draw extra CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in the biomass of the tree. But a typical tree of the species you’re familiar with, both conifers and deciduous, typically have lifetimes of 60 to 80 to 100 years. And then they will fall and they’ll rot and the material will go back. So it is a temporary fix, perhaps, to reducing carbon dioxide buildup in the atmosphere, but by no means is it permanent because of the short turnover time of trees in the forest.
So this diagram will summarize some of this. And there are two types of numbers on here. There are, for example, storage. These numbers are in boxes. And those units would be in gigatons of carbon. And then the arrows, which are the fluxes, going between these reservoirs, and those units are in gigatons per year of carbon. So for example, in the atmosphere typically–and this is a calculation you could do–but we have about 760 gigatons of carbon. Remember, that’s the C in the CO2. If you want to know what the mass of the carbon dioxide is, be sure to include the mass of the two oxygens that are on the carbon dioxide. This is just the carbon in the carbon dioxide.
For example, let’s look at how it interacts with terrestrial production, the one I’ve just been talking about, of trees and other biomass on the continents. So about 60 gigatons per year is put in and about 62 is taken out every year. So it’s a very dynamic reservoir. The difference, however, is rather small. There’s an excess going from the atmosphere into the biosphere of about two or three gigatons per year. It’s this big exchange, the 60 and the 60 that’s responsible for that wiggle in the Keeling curve. And it’s the annual difference, that two or three units, that’s responsible for that trend in the Keeling curve. I’ll show you that Keeling curve in a moment. You’ve seen it before, but that’s a central part of our argument.
The oceans are somewhat similar, so there’s biological activity taking place in the oceans. We’ve talked about that. We’ve seen that it’s confined to certain parts of the ocean where you can get nutrients coming up into the euphotic zone. The numbers are even bigger than for the terrestrial biomass, but they too have a similar characteristic. Large instantaneous cycling, but over a year, only about two gigatons, and going in the same direction, going from the atmosphere into the ocean.
There’s the cement production, about 6.5. And there’s some other things here. This is one to look at. The amount of fossil fuel reserves still in the crust of the earth is 4,000 units of gigatons. So you can imagine if you burn the rest of that, what that would do to that number. It would be 4,760, unless, you probably should take into account this removal as well. But it would be a huge number if one were to burn all of the fossil fuel reserves and put that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Questions on this busy diagram here? I’m going to use these numbers to do something we did early in the course. I want to compute residence times, because sometimes that’s helpful to get a physical feeling for the way these reservoirs work. So I’m going to be using the atmosphere as the reservoir, and then either these large monthly–month by month fluxes or the smaller annual total fluxes to compute the residence time. So residence time is for CO2.
Chapter 3: Residence Time of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere [00:23:48]
On the month by month, on the seasonal basis, I’ll take that 760 gigatons and divide it–here I’m just using the atmospheric number. I probably should have summed up the atmosphere and the ocean number, but I’m just using the atmospheric number. And when I do that, I get a pretty short time, 13 years. I get even a shorter time if I use, if I put the ocean numbers in there as well. So there’s this rapid cycling that’s taking place. But in a way it’s kind of irrelevant because it cancels itself out at the end of the year. So I’m not going to put a great deal of stock in this number. It is a residence time. It is computed in the proper way, but the fluxes we’re using are balanced over the course of a year. And so, the numbers is not of great use.
On the longer term, I’ll take 760 and divide it by one of those imbalances. Now again, I’ve used the imbalance for just the terrestrial biomass. Maybe I could have changed that to four by adding up two here and two there. But you can see what that will do to the numbers pretty easily. I’ve just used two gigatons per year here. And I got 380 years. Now this is a more useful number because this is actually how long a carbon dioxide molecule is likely to stay in the atmosphere before it’s returned into one of the biosphere sinks.
So when we’re trying to predict the future of carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, we have to realize that it stays there for quite a long period of time in spite of these fluxes back and forth between the atmosphere and the biosphere. Questions there?
So from economic data, we can get a pretty good handle on the carbon dioxide emissions that have taken place in past years. And here you see various curves. The black is the total, where all the others have been summed up. The two largest independent sources have been coal, in the green, and petroleum, in the dark blue. Each of those is about six billion metric tons of carbon per year. So this is not accumulated. This is what’s emitted each year. And of course, that number has been growing since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, where we began to use fossil fuels for steam engines and then for electricity generation and transportation and so on. Natural gas is growing rapidly now. Cement production is lower but still growing. And a small amount is the gas flaring that you see in some of these oils fields and gas fields, just burning off excess gas.
So it’s rising very rapidly. No sign at all of any decrease in this. There have been some temporary–for example, in the 1970s there was a kind of an oil crisis, and you see a tiny little bit of a dip there. But generally it’s just a curve that’s rising very, very steeply. And this is the rate at which we are putting CO2 into the atmosphere. This is not the accumulated amount. Questions there?
Chapter 4: Carbon Dioxide Concentration Trends [00:27:31]
So we’ve been monitoring carbon dioxide concentration. The first measurement started on the Mauna Loa Observatory, up on the Big Island of Hawaii, up on top of the high volcanic peak there. There’s a picture of the laboratory. And I know you’ve seen this before, and now I know that you’re familiar with it because you’re working with it in your lab. This is exactly the same data set that I gave you to work on in Lab Number Four. And the features here, of course, plotting–the units are in parts per million by volume, not by mass. So it’s by molecule. It’s a ratio, for every 320–for every million molecules of air, there are 320 molecules of carbon dioxide. That’s the way you would read that number.
There’s an annual oscillation that has to do with the–mostly the Northern Hemisphere biomass drawing carbon dioxide in in the summer and releasing it in the winter. And then on top of that, you’ve got a trend, which you can see from the smoothed line here. And that slope has been increasing. And of course, the increase in that slope is because of this, the rate at which we’ve been putting CO2 into the atmosphere has been increasing. So that rate of change of carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing as well.
So any questions on the–it’s called the Keeling curve because the scientist that got this started back in the ’50s was Charles Keeling. He passed away a couple of years ago, but he’s one of the great heroes in climate science. To have the forethought to get an accurate measurement of this type going early enough, so by the time we got to the year 2000, we had a good record and the beginning of a clear understanding of what’s causing this rise.
Now here’s another diagram from the IPCC report that’s a really important one. You can read through the legend, but I put these little labels up here as well. This is the annual change in carbon dioxide concentration in parts per million by volume. And the bars are the actual annual change. And if that curve looks familiar, if those bar graph looks familiar, it’s because you computed that very same quantity in your lab exercise. So you’re familiar with how to do this. And the increase started out at about 0.5 parts per million change per year and is now about three times that amount of increase per year.
Up above is the expected change from emissions if all the CO2 we’re putting in, namely that, remained in the atmosphere, and it’s about twice what we’re actually finding as the increase every year in the atmosphere. So here’s what we’ve learned from this. The biomass is taking in about half of that extra that we are emitting into the atmosphere. That’s rather remarkable. The reason seems to be that carbon dioxide is in many places around the earth and the ocean a limiting quantity for photosynthesis. So that when you increase the concentration of CO2, you increase the rate at which plants grow. It’s called CO2 fertilization. So as CO2 has increased, the plants have tried to take some of that excess back out. They take about half of it out. There’s some speculation about whether they will continue to be able to take out half, because they need other nutrients as well. They need phosphorus and nitrogen, they need water, if they’re plants growing on land. And it might be that as these other ingredients become limiting, the biosphere will no longer be able to do this for us, and these numbers could creep up. As this one increases, these might actually creep up eventually to become more equal to the amount that we’re putting in every year. Questions on that?
So it’s interesting to look at this from a historical perspective because what we’re doing now is so unusual and so rapid. So if we go back 10,000 years, this roughly covers the Holocene. Here is carbon dioxide concentration in parts per million by volume. And of course, the Keeling curve is the little red part here, it’s just that little part. Before that time, we get that data from the ice cores, the little vesicles, the little bubbles in the ice cores give us the data prior to that time. But it was pretty flat through the Holocene, with a value of about 270 or 280 or 290 parts per million. And then in the Industrial Revolution, on this time scale, it shoots up almost vertically. If you blow that up, blow that time scale up, and show it here going back to 1800, it was slow at first and then has become more and more rapid, as we discussed in the previous couple of diagrams because the rate of carbon dioxide emissions has increased so strongly.
We can go back even further in geologic time. And you’ve seen this kind of thing before. This is an ice core showing carbon dioxide concentrations. Here we are in the Holocene, right about here, with preindustrial levels around 270 or 280. But just prior to that, 15,000, 20,000 years ago at the end of last Ice Age, the values were down about 200 hundred, and then oscillated around those lower levels for at least 400,000 years. It’s hard to put this recent data even on the same scale because it plots as almost a vertical line. So the rate at which we’re putting CO2 in and changing atmospheric composition is far higher than anything one could diagnose from previous geologic eras.
Chapter 5: Carbon Isotopes [00:34:40]
There’s another piece to this argument that I find kind of interesting. It has to do with the isotopes of carbon. Carbon, like hydrogen and oxygen that we spoke about earlier in the week, come as a primary element and then various heavier isotopes. And most carbon is Carbon 12, but there’s a Carbon 13 as well. It’s a stable isotope of carbon. And the buried fossil fuel happens to be depleted in Carbon 13 relative to the normal Carbon 12. So when we dig up this fossil fuel and burn it, we’re now putting a lot of the–dominantly we’re putting in the Carbon 12 into the atmosphere, which takes whatever fraction we started with, Carbon 13 to Carbon 12 in the atmosphere, and making the overall carbon in the atmosphere lighter, because we’re mixing in more of the light carbon from the fossil fuel burning. And indeed, if you plot Delta Carbon 13, using the same kind of Delta notation we used before, from 1977 to 2002, it’s a decreasing number. This is data from the South Pole. Here’s some data from Mauna Loa. And it shows also a decreasing trend.
So some would argue, how do we know that that new carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is coming from the burning of fossil fuels? Well, one argument would have been, well we’re putting twice that much in the atmosphere. It makes sense that at least half of that would stick around. It’s a pretty powerful argument. But maybe this is even a more powerful argument, because that carbon we’re putting it has a certain isotopic signature. And now we see that signature showing up in the atmospheric carbon. So it’s another argument for the case that the burning of fossil fuels is what’s leading to that increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Questions on that. Yes?
Student: Do we know why it’s depleted in the heavier isotope?
Professor Ron Smith: Yeah, it has to do with the plants that originally took in that carbon. So when a plant grows, as I mentioned, it takes carbon in from the atmosphere to build its biomass. It actually prefers the light isotope over the heavy isotope. So when those plants, way back, 100 million years ago, were growing their biomass, they were doing it preferentially out of Carbon 12. And then when they got buried, that left behind a lot of the Carbon 13 in the atmosphere. They buried a lot of the Carbon 12. Now we’re reversing that, putting the Carbon 12 back in the atmosphere. So it has to do it how plants draw in CO2 into their leaves and then use that to build their biomass. Good question.
So let’s conclude, then, our brief discussion of the carbon cycle. Fossil fuel burning is quickly returning to the atmosphere carbon stored for millions of years in crustal reservoirs. About half of the emitted CO2 stays in the atmosphere, and we estimate it’ll stay there for at least a few hundred years, given the cycling rate between the biosphere and the atmosphere. The CO2 emission rate has increased with time since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. And the current CO2 concentration, which is approximately 395 parts per million by volume, is the highest in several million years. Let me be careful of what I say here. If I go back to this diagram, which shows the last 400,000 years, clearly, now that we’re up at 390 or 395, that’s way higher than anything we’ve had during the Ice Ages. Yet if you go back way earlier, say 50, 60, 100 million years ago, you’ll find periods in the earth’s history where the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere was actually much higher than it is even today. So I don’t want to make a blanket statement saying that it’s as high as it’s ever been. So instead I have said, it is the highest it’s been in several million years. But again, this is the kind of an argument that arises. Someone will say, well, yes, we’re putting a lot of CO2 in the atmosphere, but it hasn’t by any means reached an unprecedented level. There have been periods in the ancient earth history where carbon dioxide concentrations have been much higher than this. So it all depends on what you want to use for your reference timeframe as to what kind of a statement you make in this regard. So be very careful about that not to overstate the uniqueness of the current carbon dioxide concentration. It’s probably safe to say there’s never been a time in Earth’s history where the CO2 is increasing as rapidly as it is today, where the rate has been as large. But in terms of the absolute amount, the record we’re setting now is only the record for the last few million years, not for–certainly not for all of Earth’s history.
Chapter 6: The Holocene as a Climatic Reference Time Period [00:40:41]
So we’ve got a couple minutes to begin the next section, which is the Holocene as a reference time period. And I wanted you to be aware of these particular often discussed dates. The retreat of the last large ice sheets was occurring around 11,000 years before present. That’s right when the ice was in the process of melting back. There was a warm period that followed that called the Holocene Optimum about seven to eight thousand years ago. That comes into the argument when one is trying to find out whether the current warm climate is unique even in the Holocene. In other words, is our current climate cooler or warmer than this so-called Holocene Optimum.
Much more recently, the Medieval Warm Period, which was roughly 1000 A.D., is another important reference point. This, by the way, is the period when the Vikings colonized Greenland. There was a warm period when they could grow crops in the coastal regions of Greenland. Then came the Little Ice Age from 1400 to 1800 A.D. I’ll say a bit more about that. And then we get into this period, as you’re seeing in your data analysis in the lab, of a more rapid climate change over the last hundred years or so.
So at the very minimum, be aware of these. And I’ll point these out to you as we look at various historical reconstructions of temperature. For example, this one goes back 12,000 years, so that’s covering most of the Holocene. And there’s lots of different data sets represented. The black curve is an average from a number of different proxy data sets. A proxy data set is where you haven’t measured temperature directly with a thermometer, but you’re keeping track of something that you think depends on temperature. Maybe it’s lake levels. Maybe it’s isotopes. Maybe it’s–there’s a lot of different things you can use. They’re all called climate proxies, and they show a lot of variability when you average them together they show some trend. You see a rapid warming coming out of the last Ice Age. Then you see this climatic optimum, what I called the Holocene Optimum, right here. And then it cooled off a little bit. And then there’s some wiggles near the end that we’ll talk about in just a minute. And again these are plotted as temperature anomalies. They’ve chosen some period of time as a reference to compute the temperature anomaly.
This shows the last thousand years or so. So we’re looking at a more recent period of time. And this is from the IPCC report, I think. Now I’ve forgotten which is which. Anyway, these are two different authors’ graphs describing the Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstructions for the last thousand years. And they look a lot alike, but I wanted to point out some differences, because it’s on these differences that many arguments will be built. For example, this author has shown a lot of the different proxies. And if you average those together, you’d probably get something that rose a little bit in this period of time, then sank a little bit more. Here’s the Little Ice Age, a little cooler in this period of time, and then you get the rapid rise and rise again.
This author has suppressed all the different proxies and instead just shown the standard deviation in the data. I think it’s like the two sigma and the one sigma. And while he does show a little bit of a rise, the way he’s plotted it gives you the idea that this is more of a straight line, maybe slightly decreasing, and then rising rapidly at the end. By the way, this is the famous hockey stick diagram. Because that shape looks a bit like a hockey stick. It used to be, twenty years ago, when you Google hockey stick, all you would get would be websites about hockey. Now when you Google hockey stick, you get hockey and you get climate change because of all the controversy over this.
The author this original diagram, Mike Mann, was a PhD from our department. In fact, I sat on his committee. This wasn’t in his thesis, it was in following work. But I’ve tried to follow the arguments. The poor guy has been badgered by the right wing anti-global warming crowd incessantly. Because the implication of this diagram is that what’s happened in the past hundred years is unique in regards to what’s happened over the last thousand years. But it seems to me you’d get that impression from this curve as well, even though they’ve given you more of a warming period in here, in Medieval Warm Period. Still, what’s happening today in steepness and in height seems to be unique. So all the arguments and the dispute over the details of how this diagram were constructed seem to be kind of moot now because we see such a rapid rise the last 20 or 30 years.
So, we’re out of time today, but we’ll be continuing this on Monday.
[end of transcript]
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|mp3||mov [100MB]||mov [500MB]| | <urn:uuid:e7d29ddf-2013-4acc-9eaa-775dc536c969> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oyc.yale.edu/geology-and-geophysics/gg-140/lecture-27?width=800px&height=600px&inline=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954657 | 8,379 | 2.65625 | 3 |
26 July 2022
In its submission to the Department of Health and Social Care’s call for evidence, the RCSLT reiterated our welcome for an acquired brain injury strategy.
What did we say?
Following extensive discussion and input from our expert members, the RCSLT said that the strategy should focus on acquired brain injury rather than include other conditions that affect the brain.
We argued that the strategy needs to be focused and succinct to improve the lives of children and adults living with acquired brain injury and their families and carers. Making the strategy too broad might dilute the focus. That could make the measures less beneficial to people living with acquired brain injury and their families.
We also expressed support for the position of the United Kingdom Acquired Brain Injury Forum (UKABIF) which is calling for the strategy to focus solely on brain injury.
What did we recommend?
We offered recommendations in each of the areas covered by the call for evidence:
- Areas the strategy could look to focus on to better support people with an acquired brain injury or other neurological condition.
- Other areas the strategy should focus on.
- The three most important themes for the strategy to consider.
What else did we recommend?
In response to the question on what else the government should consider, we recommended:
- A clear road map for implementation, with timed and measurable success measures.
- Funding for recommendations.
- Joint working with Royal Colleges, such as the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, to discuss improvements to services for people living with a brain injury. We said we would be happy to provide ongoing counsel and expert input.
- Close work with the Department for Education to focus on better awareness and identification of children and young people with acquired brain injury in education systems.
- Close work with the Ministry of Justice to develop specific measures to improve support in the criminal justice and youth justice systems.
Guidance, resources and opportunities to support you working with individuals with brain injury | <urn:uuid:77309e7b-aea0-4dc1-a302-492cdec884e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rcslt.org/news/rcslt-welcomes-proposed-acquired-brain-injury-strategy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961443 | 408 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Give the king your justice, O God and your righteousness to a king’s son. Psalm 72 What we choose to hand down to upcoming generations is for us to consider. In the midst of all his troubles, setbacks and mishaps, King David chose righteousness. This encourages us because it shows us that doing what is right has little to do with perfection. Rather returning to God through faith has its reward. No one knows the number of days God gives. Whether the the days are many or few, people will remember how you made them feel. God has the same memory.
Return, O faithless children,…I will give you shepherds after my own heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding. Jeremiah 3:6-18
“Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But I’m not concerned about that now. I just want to do God’s will. And he’s allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I’ve looked over, and I’ve seen the promised land . . . So I’m happy tonight. I’m not worried about anything. I’m not fearing any man.”
Martin Luther King, Jr., “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” | <urn:uuid:4531e352-6ac0-4d41-8d0e-d619ae75d644> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crustybreadblog.com/2013/02/27/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.934192 | 280 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Autumn 2002 (10.3)
Mikayil Mushfig (1908-1939)
by Farid Alakbarov
One of the most interesting memoirs
related to Azerbaijan's history during the Stalinist period is
"My Days with Mushfig", written by Dilbar Akhundzade,
the wife of Azerbaijani poet Mikayil Mushfig. Mushfig was arrested
and executed at age 31, at the height of the Stalinist repression.
At that time, tens of thousands of intellectuals and other individuals
deemed dangerous to the State were arrested, exiled to Kazakhstan
and Siberia or killed.
Dilbar's memoirs were written in the 1970s, during the Soviet
era, so still she was not able to mention certain details about
the political repression that had victimized her husband. She
did not even write about how or when he was arrested. Nevertheless,
her book gives us valuable firsthand information about the life
of this gifted poet.
Dilbar writes that Mushfig was very courageous and honest, even
as a child. After Mushfig lost his parents at an early age, his
elderly grandmother took care of him. She sent him to a Muslim
religious primary school, known as the Mollakhana. This school,
which was meant for educating the poor, was located in a dark,
dirty basement. The molla made the children learn the Koran by
heart in Arabic. When the students failed to spell the Arabic
words correctly, they were beaten with a stick. Young Mushfig
hated the Mollakhana, so he wrote an angry verse about the school:
I see children sitting on the
Who can hardly breathe here.
The ragged mat is filled with fleas,
May this Molla die on the spot!
Is he really a Molla? I can hardly believe it!
When Mushfig's grandmother found out
about the verse, she warned him about his outspokenness: "If
you keep this up, we'll all be lost. You're an orphan. Who will
protect you?" Time ultimately proved that she was right.
During the Soviet period, Mushfig entered a secular secondary
school and completed his higher education. He became attracted
to the Socialist slogans of "Freedom, Equality and Fraternity"
and the regime's promises that it would build a Socialist paradise
for all people on earth. Mushfig along with many other Azerbaijani
intellectuals embraced these Socialist ideals.
Left: Mikayil Mushfig with his wife, Dilbar
In his poetry, Mushfig glorified the work of industrial workers
and peasants and lauded the construction of industrial enterprises
in Baku and other cities. Even though he was only in his twenties,
he became famous for his poetry. He wrote numerous verses about
love and beauty.
Mushfig's wife writes that he welcomed the transition from the
Arabic alphabet to the Latin alphabet in Azerbaijan in the 1920s.
Mushfig hoped that replacing the complicated Arabic script with
the simple Latin alphabet would eliminate illiteracy in Azerbaijan
and other Eastern countries. He even wrote a verse to celebrate
this important event:
And at parting,
My soul wants to tell you:
"Goodbye! Your last day has come,
Wretched old alphabet!"
Mushfig was not afraid to raise
his voice on other controversial matters. One of these was the
Stalinists' belief that traditional Azerbaijani musical instruments
should be banned, especially the tar, a 11-stringed instrument.
When Stalin and the Communist leader of Azerbaijan, Mir Jafar
Baghirov, decided to forbid anyone from playing the tar, Azerbaijani
intellectuals were horrified.
Mushfig's wife writes: "The famous tar player Gurban Primov
visited us, expressing his grave concern. 'Yes, yes, I've heard
about it,' Mushfig told him. 'I can't believe it...To deprive
the nation of its favorite national instrument means to deprive
it of joy and condemn it to eternal sorrow.'"
Mushfig took his own tar off the wall where it was hanging and
asked Gurban to play it. While Gurban was playing "Rast"
[a type of mugham, or modal music], Mushfig looked pensive. Then
suddenly his voice blended with the melody of the mugham:
Sing tar, sing tar!
Who can forget you?
Sing tar, sing tar!
Mushfig went on to compose a long poem about the importance of
the tar, entitling it "Sing Tar, Sing!" This tribute
was published and received wide acclaim from the public. The
debate was won; the tar was not banned. And works were written
that included tar as part of the orchestra in operatic works
like Uzeyir Hajibeyov's "Koroghlu" (1937). Composer
Haji Khanmammadov went on to write three concertos specifically
for the tar.
Targeted for His
However, the regime did not forget Mushfig's resistance and the
way he had freely expressed his opinion about social issues.
In meetings of the Azerbaijan Writers' Union and numerous Communist
meetings, he was branded as a "chauvinist" and a "petit-bourgeois
poet". Some of the literary figures who were trying to please
the Stalinist regime mounted an attack on Mushfig and his poems.
The consequence? His verses were scrutinized and found to reflect
Soon Mushfig's old friends and relatives started avoiding him.
They knew it was politically dangerous for them to maintain close
ties with someone who had been branded as an "anti-Soviet
poet". Nobody dared to protect him.
His wife writes: "Only Hokuma Sultanova [a distinguished
governmental official] made a weak attempt to defend him in a
meeting by saying: 'We should not separate Mushfig from us by
calling him a petit-bourgeois poet...He always was, and always
will be, with us.' But the other participants of the meeting
did not support her and kept silent out of fear."
Mushfig was puzzled by this abusive treatment. Everyone knew
that he believed in Socialist ideals and faithfully served the
Communist Party. But the Stalinist system did not want courageous
and freethinking individuals, even those who were devoted Communists.
Stalinists thought: "Today, Mushfig has dared to defend
the tar-who knows what he may think of and write about tomorrow?"
Mushfig was very courageous and did not fear the repressive government
machine that went on to kill and exile many Azerbaijani intellectuals.
In 1931, he wrote a letter to his university friend Gahraman
Suleymanzade. This letter is kept in the archives at Baku's Institute
of Manuscripts. It reads:
"My dear Gahraman! You asked me to pen my memories in your
album. My friend, no one is eternal in this world. Human life
is shorter than the life of a flower. The flower fades and drops
off just like a human who is exuberant with life, but who, perhaps,
tomorrow is condemned to close his eyes forever and part with
all his dreams and aspirations.
"Who knows whether he will be buried in a grave upon which
grass will grow? But that's not the most terrible thingImmortality
is in the hands of every human...History is a vivid witness of
many immortal lives. It is possible to love all people, and every
person may build up memorials of love and gratitude in the hearts
of human beings. I wish you such a fate, my friend. M. Mushfig.
November 27, 1931."
Courtship and Marriage
In her memoir, Dilbar recalls how she first met this sensitive
poet: "The first time I saw Mushfig was at the graduation
evening festivities at the Azerbaijan Pedagogical University.
We chatted together. And then a long time passed.
"One day my friend Piraya approached me, smiling rather
mysteriously: 'Dilbar, do you know what I've brought for you?'
I looked at her in surprise.
"'Can you imagine?' She added: 'I was walking along the
street one day and suddenly I saw Mushfig, an old friend of our
family! He approached me and started asking me about my studies
at the Pedagogical College. When he discovered that you also
studied sciences there, he became very glad. He pulled a letter
out of his pocket and asked me to give it to you."
"'Have you known each other for a long time?' Piraya asked
"I didn't answer. I opened the letter and saw that he had
written me a poem. The poet remembered me from that evening when
we had casually met each other for the first time.
Beloved, remember, how once suddenly,
Your eyes sparkled with the light of passion.
The scent of your hair, like the sun,
Gifted me with such great inspiration,
That I saw neither Earth, nor Sky.
"That first letter of poetry
from Mushfig became a bridge that later brought us together.
I intentionally do not mention the other insignificant details
about how little by little we became closer to each other. Suffice
it to say that we gradually developed a sense of mutual empathy
for each other, which later became love."
Mushfig devoted many poems to Dilbar, and the two were married
in 1931. They had no children. In 1937, Mushfig was arrested
as an "Enemy of the People". He was killed shortly
thereafter, in 1939. His wife was left alone. She dared not write
her memoirs about their life together until many years later,
long after Mushfig became "rehabilitated" following
Stalin's death (1953). It seems that some of the more important
aspects of his life are still left unrevealed. Dilbar writes
in the beginning of her memoirs: "Mushfig was such a rare
person that neither during my seven years living with him [1931-1937],
nor the long years of contemplating the meaning of his life after
he was arrested and killed, could I fully understand who this
man truly was. My recollections of those times are those that
remain from the springtime of my life."
What My Heartbeats
My heartbeats said:
"There's luck ahead.
Great, glorious days
That brace and daze
Are yet to come!"
There's more ahead
My heartbeats said:
"Noble work, no fret,
Toil's pearly sweat-
Are yet to come!"
My desires define:
Past times were fine"
These words I hate,
My heart says: "Wait!
The sun's hot rays,
Cool springs, bright days
Are yet to come!"
Love of Life
O how to part with this great world around,
That grows more beautiful as time goes by?
O how to part with friends, forever bound
To struggle with the earth and with the sky?
Do not become the dew at break
Shine like the sun, O heart, on mornings new!
How from this world to tear myself away
That revels at the hem of skies deep blue?
Look over there-the sky seems
And friends have met beneath the morning star
O how to part with dawns that shimmer bright
Like nuggets of pure silver, shining far?
How rich is Nature, how mysterious,
When you disclose her secrets, engineer!
How to discard the sense, the feeling new
Attached to stones in quarries, rising sheer?
Here hawks soar high where lofty
There pheasants breed, and springs like mirrors gleam
The nightingales, the gardens fair, in bloom,
O how to leave this sight, this lovely dream?
With life that is an endless,
With kindling flames that rage in blood and heart,
With sun and moon, with morning and with night,
And with the sky's vast cupola, how to part?
O stars-the candles of each
O clouds-dream caravans that stir my heart,
Celestial sphere-my feelings' airy port,
With these vast azure heavens, how to part?
My cherished love appears before
I feel the flame of my poetic art,
My burning chest must ease itself with sighs:
With her sweet raven tresses, how to part?
The nightingale is sorrowing
near the rose,
Though autumn comes-it lingers to depart,
Life, life! This cry of longing ever grows:
With love, with burning passion how to part?
With feelings new, you string
your singing lute
My youthful pen, now just about to start!
O friends, give answer to my pain acute:
With this great seething fire flame, how to part?
Poems translated by Olga Moisseyenk.
(10.3) Autumn 2002.
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Thousands of newly admitted students and their families visited campus on Saturday for Triton Day, an annual event that showcases all that UC San Diego has to offer. Students toured residence halls, attended academic presentations, watched performances by student organizations and much more. These visitors were also the first to try a new virtual reality experience based on UC San Diego technology: Shakeboarding. The activity allowed students to simulate surfing, experience an earthquake and wipe out—all on dry land.
Outside the Career Services Center, a giant blue wave made out of foam pool noodles provided the backdrop for the Shakeboard—a surfboard mounted on a small shake table—which students were invited to ride one at a time. Once harnessed in and positioned on the board, the participant was given a headset and pair of Oculus Rift goggles to wear, and through the power of virtual reality, was transported to the waves of Black’s Beach. The board tilted and vibrated to simulate the feeling of surfing. For the finale, the participant was alerted of a 9.9 earthquake that just occurred on land, creating a giant wave and causing the surfer to “wipe out.”
“It was a really interesting experience; it felt so real!” said Nancy Vides, an admitted student who was exploring Triton Day with her sister, Cindy, a current UC San Diego Muir College student.
The simulation was designed as a new way for students to experience firsthand the breakthrough research and innovation that happens at UC San Diego. Only a few steps away from the exhibit, current students from the Division of Biological Sciences and Jacobs School of Engineering manned displays and demonstrations to explain the UC San Diego technology behind Shakeboarding: the unique algae-based sustainable surfboard and the large, high-performance outdoor shake table, capable of simulating a 9.9 earthquake.
Luis Camarda, one of the biology students, demonstrated how they turn vials of algae oil into the foam used to make the surfboard. He said many of the students and parents he talked with were really excited about the idea.
“Everyone can relate to the environment, whether or not they are interested in chemistry,” he said. “There’s a lot of excitement around green tech and getting off of petroleum.”
At the engineering table, Triton Day guests were invited to “make their own earthquake.” Their table had a small structure made of K’NEX building blocks that was positioned on top of a miniature shake table. On the ground in front of the booth, a yoga mat with an accelerometer was linked to a computer and the shake table. When students jumped on the mat, the K’NEX structure shook, simulating an earthquake.
“It’s definitely not your traditional info booth,” said Armen Azizian, a structural engineering graduate student. Azizian said he enjoyed sharing the technology with admitted students one-on-one, including those who aren’t necessarily going to be engineering majors.
All across campus, UC San Diego was buzzing with activity designed to welcome new students and present the many opportunities available to Triton undergraduates. Student organizations filled Library Walk, and Town Square provided an information fair of student support services. The undergraduate colleges hosted residential life information sessions and tours, as well as resource fairs to showcase each college’s unique offerings in academic and student life. Visitors were invited to tour the Stuart Collection’s Fallen Star, attend a theatre rehearsal and visit community gardens on campus.
“My advice to new students is to take advantage of the opportunities here, and get involved with research,” said Marissa Tessman, a second-year graduate student in chemistry and biochemistry. Tessman transferred to UC San Diego for her undergraduate degree. “Getting involved with a lab [as an undergraduate] gave me real-world experience. I enjoyed it so much I decided to stay on as a graduate student.”
Triton Day also highlighted four new cutting-edge engaged learning tools launched by the Teaching + Learning Commons: The Research Experience and Applied Learning (REAL) Portal, which makes it easy for students to search for internships, research opportunities and other activities; the Co-Curricular Record (CCR), an official record of leadership and volunteer activities that can be shared with potential employers; Enhanced Electronic Transcript, a redesigned online academic record that includes broader contextual information about courses; and E-Portfolio, which allows students to visually tell their academic and professional story. UC San Diego is one of the first universities in the country to offer these tools that not only engage students, but provide experiential learning opportunities to help develop important transferable skills that employers look for when interviewing candidates.
In the heart of campus, across from the Triton statue, students and their families lined up along a big white tent sponsored by Microsoft. Inside, a bank of computers was available for admits to sign their Statement of Intent to Register (SIR) and officially start their UC San Diego journey.
“I love San Diego,” said Tabitha Ranclin. A resident of Pico Rivera in Los Angeles County, Ranclin said she had visited the campus a couple of times before. On this visit, she decided to make it her academic home. Leaving the tent with a big smile, Ranclin said she had just signed her SIR; she’ll be starting at Warren College in the fall. | <urn:uuid:85859a81-957e-4252-b327-5580e68a4ca9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/virtual_reality_campus_tours_and_resource_fairs_showcase_uc_san_diego_at_tr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965522 | 1,131 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Final Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, 1951
The Kefauver Committee’s final report concluded that crime was primarily the responsibility of state and local authorities, prompting the establishment of many local crime initiatives. The report’s recommendations included the creation of a Federal Crime Commission and a Department of Justice “racket squad.”
Records of the U.S. Senate, National Archives and Records Administration
Gambling and Racketeering
Facing a crime surge after World War II, local officials requested help from Congress. To determine the extent of organized crime and whether it could be handled by the states, the Senate created a five-member Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce. In 1950 and 1951 the committee investigated gambling and organized crime in 14 cities. Its televised hearings, particularly in New York, raised public awareness of crime syndicates, led to more effective local law enforcement, and enhanced the political profile of its chairman, Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.
Through the country the crime committee became. . . . a national crusade, a great debating forum, an arouser of public opinion on the state of the nation’s morals.
Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee, Crime in America, 1951 | <urn:uuid:c6793257-3b2e-42f9-a2c4-bf8a539dae4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/artifact/final-report-special-committee-investigate-organized-crime-interstate-commerce | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.906449 | 267 | 2.671875 | 3 |
THE FRIDAY MORNING CLUB
By Frank Reilly
A Fable of Chance, Wealth and Legacy
Eric was a talented geek from Ohio who created financial applications that people loved. So he moved his company to Silicon Valley, created new products, and generated the kinds of wealth he never imagined having.
But after a near-death experience in a friend’s airplane during a vacation in Baja, he realized how little he had done to manage his wealth, pass it on to his wife and daughters, or use it to make the world a better place.
Through a series of Friday morning conversations with Bill, a friend and mentor, Eric says goodbye to his indecision, comes to grip with his father’s negative attitudes about “fat cats,” and gets his house in order by creating a plan for today and tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:de1260ee-4075-44fa-bbf4-5bb8f446045a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fridaymorningclub.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.98411 | 174 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Problem with if statements checking True
Correct me if I'm wrong, but shouldn't the following statement work based on if my variable is true or false?
if twitter_mode: print "Hello" else: pass
Truefor debugging purposes and see if it works.
Exactly. If the
ifcondition is true, the first block is executed, otherwise the second (
else) block. The condition doesn't need to be exactly
True, it needs to be an object that is considered a true value. (To get the truth value of an object, use
boolbehaves exactly the same as an implicit conversion in an
ifstatement condition.) Most objects are true, the most important cases of false objects are
False, numbers that are exactly zero (like
decimal.Decimal("0")), and containers that are empty (like
By the way, if your
elseblock is empty, just remove it.
If there is a specific piece of actual code that behaves differently than you'd expect, then please post that code.
To address your points:
- I meant to have my
elseblock empty. I will fill later, (as this is an inner function)
- I know how
ifstatements work - but
twitter_modeis a True or False variable and my code above isn't working.
See the full WIP code here.
- I meant to have my
Try removing twitter_mode from the if statement and replacing it with true or false. I think your problem exists because twitter_mode is being set incorrectly.
@Webmaster4o Already had tried this in the initial debugging, but I also think there is an issue the way the variable is created- So I'm going to set up
config.pyand import that. I think it'll make things easier in the long run anyway.
Watch out for the line
twitter_mode = str(settings['twitter'])because
bool(False) != bool('False').
Try removing the local copies of
config.feedand always use the attributes of
configinstead. That way you won't have any issues with the local copy being different from the
@ccc Already took care of it ;) accidentally did this somehow..
@dgelessus Could you explain more in depth? Not sure what you mean.
Near the beginning of your gist, you have these two lines:
news_url = config.feed twitter_mode = config.twitter_mode
What you're doing here is you're assigning the current values of
config.twitter_modeto the local (well, actually global, from the perspective of the current module) variables
twitter_mode. Although the variables' values are the same, the variables themselves are not linked in any way. If you change
config.twitter_mode, the global variable
twitter_modedoesn't change, and vice versa.
Further on in your
settings_actionmethod, you declare
twitter_modeas global, but never assign to them - instead you assign to
config.twitter_mode. Now the variables from
configand the current module are no longer in sync. To avoid this issue, simply remove the globals
twitter_mode, and always use
@dgelessus Gotcha. Thanks for explaining that for me. It's been a long day...
Would changing the variables be like writing to a file but writing over the current .py file?
Not sure what you mean exactly. If you assign something to an attribute of the
configmodule, you don't modify the actual source file. The changes are as temporary as any other variable. The important part is that you store your data in a single place (the
configmodule) and not under multiple separate names.
Yes, edit it like any other file. | <urn:uuid:4a7569a8-2e89-45a1-856e-fccf1150257c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.omz-software.com/topic/2210/problem-with-if-statements-checking-true/? | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.85131 | 931 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Each year Oklahoma’s wheat producers and the Oklahoma Wheat Commission sponsor the Oklahoma “Best of Wheat” (formerly Wheatheart) Bread Baking Contest held at the Oklahoma State Fair. From this event more than 100 entries from counties all across the state compete for Oklahoma’s Best Breads. A “Best of Wheat” cookbook is produced each year with the top five winning recipes in each class in the Junior and Senior divisions.
This program is to encourage increased production of wheat with superior market quality through the Oklahoma 4-H and FFA programs. The process of the competition takes a full year from the time the wheat is planted. $16,000 in scholarships money is awarded to the top five 4-H and top five FFA entries funded by Check-off dollars. Other awards are given as well. The show is sponsored by the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education, Oklahoma Genetics, Inc., Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma Wheat Commission, Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation, and WestBred™ seeds.
The OWC hosts yearly workshops and seminars with a variety of organizations centered on the importance of grain consumption, home baking and wheat in the diet. | <urn:uuid:034a5392-473a-40ba-b535-b65a7326e4f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.okwheat.org/consumers/outreach-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952368 | 239 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Cato used to say, We rule all other men; our wives rule us; and our children rule our wives.Plutarch: Morals, p. 428 (1603).
Dr. Busby said, Tailors [milliners] rule the world; for milliners overrule the wisest women; and women overrule the wisest men; and the wisest men overrule the world; in the same way as the mayors infant son is the chief magistrate of the city.
The mayors youngest son Jack overrules his mother; and Jacks mother overrules the mayor; and the mayor overrules the town.Barnabe Rich: Honestie of this Age, p. 18 (1616).
Dr. Keats used to say that he governed all England: I rule the Eton boys; the boys rule their mothers; their mothers rule their husbands; and their husbands rule Great Britain.
Rumolt, the chief cook of prince Günther of Burgundy.Nibelungen Lied, 800 (1210).
Rumpelstilzchen [Rumple-stiltzskin], an irritable, deformed dwarf. He aided a millers daughter, who had been enjoined by the king to spin straw into gold; and the condition he made with her for this service was that she should give him for wife her first daughter. The millers daughter married the king, and when her first daughter was born the mother grieved so bitterly that the dwarf consented to absolve her of her promise, if within three days, she could find out his name. The first day passed, but the secret was not discovered; the second passed, with no better success; but on the third day some of the queens servants heard a strange voice singing
Rumpelstilzchen is my name.
The queen, being told thereof, saved her child, and the dwarf killed himself from rage.German Popular Stories.
Run-About Raid (The), Murrays insurrection against lord Darnley. So called from the hasty and incessant manner in which the conspirators posted from one part of the kingdom to another.
Runa, the dog of Argon and Ruro, sons of Annir king of Inis-Thona an island of Scandinavia.Ossian: The War of Inis-Thona.
(1) Iphiclês, son of Phylakos and Klymenê. Hesiod says he could run over ears of corn without bending the stems; and Demaratos says that he could run on the surface of the sea.Argonauts, i. 60.
(2) Camilla queen of the Volsci was so swift of foot that she could run over standing corn without bending the ears, and over the sea without wetting her feet.Virgil: Æneid, vii. 803; xi. 433.
Flies o er th unbending corn, and skims along the main.
(3) Ladas, the swift runner of king Alexander. He ran so fast that he never left a foot-print on the ground. Lord Rosebery gave this name to one of his horses.
(4) Phidippidês, a professional courier, ran from Athens to Sparta (150 miles) in two days.
(5) Theagenês, a native of Thasos, was noted for his swiftness of foot.
(The Greek hemerodromos would run from twenty to thirty-six leagues in a day.)
The last running footman of England died (at the age of 94) in 1896. His name was Sam Cliff. His general run was sixty miles a day.
Copyright: All texts on Bibliomania are © Bibliomania.com Ltd,
and may not be reproduced in any form without our written permission.
See our FAQ for more details. | <urn:uuid:8ea2914d-dff5-4753-8dae-57300eae4fe5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bibliomania.com/2/3/174/1128/14964/2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956639 | 843 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The term “paradox of affluence” explains the disparity that has developed over the last 40 to 50 years in America between material well-being and psychosocial well-being. “The story of the human race is the story of men and women selling themselves short. ” It also provides extensive statistical evidence that indices of material affluence and of well-being have gone in opposite directions since the 1950s. We measure affluence in dollars or by other crude material measures. A person with more is more affluent.
The affluence of a country is expressed as its gross domestic product (GDP), the total value of all goods and services produced in and by a nation. It has long been observed, though, that GDP fails to measure what truly counts for human well being. A million dollars spent on prisons and toxic waste clean-up counts as much toward GDP as a million spent on education, food, or art. Measurement of happiness may be even more complex. Some have argued that we can’t trust people to rate their own happiness—that people do in fact get happier as they get richer.
When it comes to happiness and wealth Maslow insists that the urge for self-actualization is deeply entrenched in the human psyche, but only surfaces once the more basic needs are fulfilled. Once the powerful needs for food, security, love and self-esteem are satisfied, a deep desire for creative expression and self-actualization rises to the surface. Through his “hierarchy of needs,” Maslow succeeds in combining the insights of earlier psychologists such as Freud and Skinner, who focus on the more basic human instincts, and the more upbeat work of Jung and Fromm, who insist that the desire for happiness is equally worthy of attention.
Still we must not equate wealth with value. There are things we truly value—time with family and friends, connection to community, the satisfaction of helping others, the challenge of meaningful work. These consistently and reliably bring us fulfillment and even joy. Keep these things safe from the ravages of the pursuit of affluence—from the “getting and spending”—in your own lives. And let us continue to work together as a community learning how to bring the fruits of affluence to those at the bottom of the curves.
- Baumgardner, S. R. and Crothers, M. .K. (2009). Positive psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Ch. 6 of Positive Psychology
- Easterlin, R. A. 1974. Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In P. A. David & M. W. Reder (Eds. ), Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz (pp. 89–125). | <urn:uuid:66de91be-3522-48ec-b8f7-291bf066cbbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://graduateway.com/paradox-of-affluence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947491 | 582 | 2.84375 | 3 |
If you're looking for ice melt, much to the relief of customers, Holod's True Value in Lafayette Hill still has ample supply.
"I was at two other stores and I didn't see anything," customer Scott Paules of Roxbrough said.
Lou Holod, the owner, prides himself on never running out of anything, anytime.
He gets his supply from as far away as Canada.
"Pay a little more freight, but the customers are willing, just to be safe, to pay a little more," Holod said.
Holod has a tip if you're buying.
"Calcium chloride and potassium chloride probably go five times further than rock salt so it might seem more expensive, but you got to really use it sparingly and wisely," Holod said.
But if you can't find any of the above?
There are other choices that'll at least give you traction on your driveway and sidewalks.
Kitty litter, sand, sawdust, coffee grounds or vermiculite.
Vermiculite is a volcanic rock used for starting seeds. You can find it at garden centers and hardware stores.
"Doesn't melt but it does have good friction. The same is true with wood ashes or coal ashes if you happen to have any of that material," Dr. Ara DerMarderosian of the University of The Sciences said.
You can also use some things that are lying around your kitchen.
Chemist professor Fred Schaefer says regular table salt or kosher salt will work in a pinch.
"It's basically the same as the rock salt that they sell as regular ice melt. Hopefully, it's a small area because we are looking at things that are a bit more expensive," Schaefer said.
Here's what our chemists say you should not use: bleach, which is highly corrosive, and vinegar, sugar, baking soda or Epsom salt, which they say aren't that effective.
Another alternative is water softener salt. But the pellets are so large Holod says it's best for driveways where cars go over it, not so great for sidewalks since somebody could twist their ankle on it.
And one more option is fertilizer! Holod says urea, a compound in fertilizer, is also an ice melter.
If you have ideas, please share them on my Facebook page. | <urn:uuid:f9466014-97e9-4aad-985d-30565b2c41a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://6abc.com/archive/9429677/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.973402 | 489 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Draw image to a qgraphicsview
tony67 last edited by
I'm trying to work out how to draw an image to a graphics view but am having no luck. What I've done is use creator to produce a dialog with a graphicsview attached. In the constructor for this I try to test by by loading an image and just drawimg to the graphics view. I create a scene ( not really sure why I need to do this? But am trying to copy some on line ideas. Then try to show. Debugging shows the bitmap is loaded, but nothing is draw. Can anyone advise please.
ui->setupUi(this); QImage image("/home/tjh/Desktop/test/test.png"); QGraphicsPixmapItem item( QPixmap::fromImage( image ) ); QGraphicsScene* scene = new QGraphicsScene; ui->graphicsView->setScene( scene ); scene->addItem( &item ); item.setPos( 0, 0 ); ui->graphicsView->show();
Did you read
You need the scene as its the holder of all the objects.
Im not sure the reason you do not see the QGraphicsPixmapItem.
You are placing it at 0,0. are you sure that location is showing in the view?
Maybe use the 40000 sample as playing ground?
It can easy move around view. etc.
You are allocating your QGraphicsPixmapItem on the stack in the constructor so it will get destroyed at the end of it thus won't be visible when the scene is finally shown. | <urn:uuid:96ace686-e13a-46f3-a0f7-71714ec97020> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.qt.io/topic/64651/draw-image-to-a-qgraphicsview | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.880858 | 373 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The 2023 target for AYAP-1 (hard landing/crash on moon) continues. Soft landing and rover target is 2028.
The first phase of the National 'Regional Positioning and Timing System' is planned to be commissioned in 2031.
Spaceport construction activities are planned to start in 2024 and be ready in 2030 with the launch system.
The date given for the Space Weather Application Center is 2024. The first cube satellite is aimed to be launched in 2026 to develop radiation modeling, endurance, testing and analysis capabilities.
In the studies of observing and cataloging the space, it is aimed to collect data from a wide geography with international cooperation. For this, optical systems will be improve in Turkiye as well.
Other issue mentioned in the report that observing faint objects with telescopes of 1 meter diameters, and there is also aiming to establishing a system by 2025. Also other targets such as experimental satellite observation from space, lasers and even space radars.
For those who are too lazy to translate the entire report, here is a refined summary: | <urn:uuid:c22dd0fa-dbf9-48e0-8e64-9b53133da1b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/tua-national-space-program-strategy-document-2022-2030.745405/#post-13856723 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.911806 | 228 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Do you want to be able to talk intelligently with friends about wine like the experts? Perhaps you’d like to show off in front of friends with a friend who is a wine collector or who has extensive knowledge on the subject. Maybe you’re seeking to cook and serve a delicious meal to your favorite dish. Whatever the reason you want to know more, read this piece to find out everything you need to know.Know how to navigate the wine store. This is essential since they differ from each one. Every shop prices differently, offers different selections and are guided by a different focus. If you’re just starting to get into wine, filling your collection with expensive labels isn’t the best way to start. Find the perfect shop for your needs.Pinot Grigio is a great choice for a wine served with your seafood beautifully. This wine will really bring out to the surface. There are other varieties of white wines you could have with seafood. White wine and seafood make for a great with seafood.Cheap wine isn’t always a bad thing. Wines from Chile offer a great taste at a reasonable price. Quite a few are pretty cheap! Check out their whites for the best bargains. Other international favorites include labels from New Zealand, Argentina and South Africa.Windex is a great tool to rid the stains that you spill wine on your clothing. It works much better than soap will. Use it right away or you will have a hard time removing the stain completely.Think about joining an online message board. There are many wonderful forum online. On these forums, you will find suggestions as well as make some new friends. Before you sign up, make sure to check out the boards thoroughly to see if it is a community that you would like being a part of.Wine makes for a terrific sauce when serving beef. Let it simmer and some of that alcohol is burned away. Then simply pour over your beef.You shouldn’t be frightened by the wine labels’ sulfite warnings. Every wine contains sulfites, but these days American distributors must warn about them on the label. Sulfites may cause rare allergic reactions. Try not to worry too much about them if you’ve never had a reaction before.Wine country is a place that you should visit wineries.These places are both scenic and gain some context on their origins.Keep your reds and whites in proper glasses. The white wine glass is designed to keep the liquid cool, and thus is narrower. Red wines need wider glasses with large mouths. The wine then awakens as it mixes with the air, and the flavors are ready for interaction.They will not know what to expect and the price too high.White wine does not have to be cool to taste good. Some need to be warmer. Sauvignon blanc is at its best when chilled, but chardonnay and pinot gris are better at a warmer temperature.Enjoy your wines by trying out all the varying tastes of different flavors it has to offer. You may spend time analyzing the distinctions of each wine and its versatility.
Go to places that grow wine. Your appreciation of wine will grow as you experience the process of growing and harvesting wine grapes. This will help you understand where the different tastes and aromas come from. You will certainly have a wonderful time.Wine country is a place to visit. You will appreciate a wine as never before after visiting a vineyard. You can learn a lot of interesting things about your favorite wine on the trip. You can enjoy your hobby and learn a lot in the process!Sparkling wine and champagne should always be served chilled. The full flavor will not be imparted if these wines are served at room temperature. When you put the champagne in the fridge about 2 hours before it will be served, you will really notice the difference.A nice and rich dessert wine is perfect for drinking after dinner. Some great selections would be French Champagne, Italian Moscato, or California Port. Your guests are sure to love the relaxing ambiance that sipping wine can bring.A trip to wine country is a wonderful idea for any wine lover. You will really appreciate your wine more if you get to be where it grows and ferments. A trip to a vineyard can be educational, also. Therefore, your visit can be both fun and educational.Write down the questions you have and know which wines you like.Sign up as a member of an Internet wine forum. Wine lovers can teach some things and you could even share some of your knowledge with them. Fellow aficionados can suggest new wines to try that you may not be familiar with.Many kinds of wine go quite well with desserts. Dessert wines are generally sweeter than other wines. Port wines such as tawny port and ruby port offer a great category to take advantage of with your dessert. They should be served at roughly 55 degrees Fahrenheit.Don’t fall into the trap of filling your cellar with all the wines that you enjoy right now. You might want to fill your cellar, but you may not like the same wines in the future. Although you might want a certain wine at the present moment, you might not enjoy it later. As a result, you will be stuck with a lot of wine you won’t drink, which is a waste of space and money.The Internet can be a wonderful resource to teach yourself anything you to find loads of information on wine. Feel free to print information as you go wine-tasting for the best ones.Everyone may want to make a toast at a social event that has wine. This will cause you to clink your glass with many others. By not clinking your glass in the right place, you can end up shattering it into many little pieces. To avoid such a violent outburst, clink your glass at a slight angle. The bell of your glass should be aligned with the bell of the other sipper’s glass, with the rims pointing away from one another.With all you’ve now learned about wine, it’s obvious how much it’s now going to help you. Now, you can use these tips to your advantage. From treating guests to a great bottle to enjoying one yourself, you’re now prepared to take wine on head-first.Don’t turn away from wines that have screw-on caps. Many companies are using screw caps today. They have helped wine stay purer than cork. Air is less likely to enter the bottle through a screw cap, and you certainly won’t have to worry about cork breaking off in the bottle. Some countries consider screw caps to be the norm now. | <urn:uuid:9d9db60c-6799-48db-b809-4479521e293b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cookingblogs.info/top-wine-tips-and-advice-straight-from-the-experts-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965306 | 1,374 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Gazprom said Minsk would respond by the end of April.
Belarus, a close Russian ally, currently receives gas at a subsidized price of $47 per 1,000 cubic meters -- far below prices paid by customers in Europe and Ukraine.
Under a contract signed in December, Gazprom agreed to sell Belarus 21 billion cubic meters in 2006.
Belarus is heavily dependent on gas imports.
Click on the map for an enlarged image.
- Ukraine consumes 70 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas per year. It produces 20 bcm of its own gas, has a signed contract to import 40 bcm from Turkmenistan, and in 2005 was getting 29 bcm from Russia as payment for transit of Russian gas.
- Ukraine sells some 7 bcm of gas a year to the West and places some in underground storage facilities. These facilities can hold 34.5 bcm.
- Ukraine is the sixth-largest consumer of gas in the world and uses more gas than Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia combined.
- Russia has proven gas reserves of 47 trillion cubic meters (tcm) -- the largest in the world ahead of Iran and Qatar.
- Russia sells approximately 160 bcm to Europe each year. By 2015, Europe is expected to import 300 bcm, or 40 percent of its projected needs from Russia.
- Russia's Gazprom is the world's largest gas company. It is the only company allowed by Russian law to export gas outside the borders of the CIS. It also owns the gas-transportation system and most of the gas fields in Russia.
- The Russian state is Gazprom's majority shareholder , with a 51 percent share. The company's ownership rights changed as of the beginning of 2006, with Gazprom stock being sold on the open market. The Russian state, however, will continue to hold the majority stake. | <urn:uuid:20efed31-9da3-4aad-b14d-1d6e49364f65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rferl.org/a/1067268.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944981 | 398 | 2.109375 | 2 |
With Oracle AI Platform Cloud Service, developers and data scientists are empowered to develop and deploy machine-learning models, and to manage the complete data science lifecycle on their preferred open-source frameworks. Quickly integrate trained models into new and existing applications, including Kubernetes and Docker-based container native platform and conversational chatbots.
- Additional libraries and tools include: Jupyter, pandas, scikit-learn, Pillow, OpenCV, and NumPy.
- Deep learning frameworks include: TensorFlow, Keras and Caffe.
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You can also quickly build chatbots that let your customers engage in natural conversations with your business. Deployable on websites, mobile apps, messaging apps, and digital voice assistants, Oracle Intelligent Bots extend and enhance the functionality of your backend systems, delivering personalized and engaging experiences to each user. | <urn:uuid:0886e781-3e99-424e-a47b-67570f691145> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://widestreams.com/value-added-solutions/ai-chat-bots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.876208 | 195 | 1.867188 | 2 |
NEW PALTZ, N.Y. – The SUNY New Paltz College Council next week will consider a resolution to rename college buildings that bear the names of slave owners.
A resolution “to remove the names of Huguenot patentees from the Hasbrouck Residential Complex” is on the agenda for council’s meeting on Thursday, Nov. 1. The Hasbrouck Dining Hall is part of that complex.
The meeting is scheduled for 3 p.m, in the Student Union Building, Room 62/63, on the SUNY New Paltz campus.
The buildings in question were constructed in the 1960s and are named after Huguenot families – Bevier, Crispell, Deyo, DuBois, Hasbrouck and Lefevre – that were original settlers of New Paltz.
In calling for the buildings to be renamed, the resolution acknowledges the families’ “significant contributions to education and civic life in New Paltz,” and it states the college administration “find other ways to recognize the contributions of the Huguenot patentees and their descendants, as well as the indigenous Munsee and the Africans who also lived here.”
The resolution was submitted on behalf of N’della Seque, the Student Association president and a member of the College Council.
The resolution has the support of SUNY New Paltz President Donald Christian.
In a letter to the college community, Christian stated in August that he had reached the conclusion the college should rename buildings in its Hasbrouck complex, including the Hasbrouck Dining Hall.
The letter came on the heels of a report by the school’s Diversity and Inclusion Council, which was assigned in August 2017 to investigate objections raised by students.
“Both the … council and I have reached the conclusion that the names on these buildings should be removed and replaced,” Christian wrote in his letter.
Student objections to the buildings’ names had been raised in the past, but they became more pronounced after a counterprotester was killed during a white supremacist march and rally on Aug. 12, 2017, in Charlottesville, Va. The heightened objections also came amid a national debate about whether Confederate flags and statues of Confederate leaders from the Civil War era should be removed from public places in the South.
Christian has said the process of renaming buildings on the campus is not within his authority and rests instead with the College Council and SUNY Board of Trustees.
Christian wrote in his letter that the move to rename campus buildings should not be an attempt to “erase history.”
“The [council] wrote that we must work to ‘understand our past in all its rich diversity without simply replacing one history with another,'” he stated. “That includes recognizing and acknowledging the history and legacy of slavery – in particular Northern slavery, and the enslaved labor that was key to the economic success of European settlers and the region.”
Christian noted, too, that many descendants of New Paltz’s settlers “were abolitionists; fought in the Civil War, heavily on the Union side; and played a key role in the establishment and survival of educational institutions in New Paltz that were the forerunners of SUNY New Paltz.”
The New York Historical Society says that during the 1700s, about 40 percent of the households in the state had slaves.
Slavery ended in New York in 1827.
College Council meetings are webcast on the internet. Instructions for accessing the webcast are available on the SUNY New Paltz website, www.newpaltz.edu/webcasts. | <urn:uuid:107a23fd-c9fa-490b-9ecf-2d7bef1522a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailyfreeman.com/2018/10/26/suny-new-paltz-council-to-vote-on-renaming-college-buildings-named-for-slave-owners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97232 | 779 | 1.5625 | 2 |
[Updated: 12:55 pm ET 4/19] Vertex Pharmaceuticals isn’t willing to settle for coming up with one great drug for 4 percent of patients with cystic fibrosis. The Cambridge, MA-based company wants to treat a whole lot more children and adults with this deadly genetic disease, and today it offered some more evidence that it’s on track.
The company’s stock (NASDAQ: VRTX) shot up $26.88 a share—a 51 percent gain—in after-hours trading to reach $79.75 at 7:50 pm Eastern time, following Vertex’s report on one of its mid-stage clinical trials.
Investors reacted to news that one of Vertex’s experimental drugs, VX-661, given in combination with its FDA-approved ivacaftor (Kalydeco), was able to help patients with two copies of what’s known as the F508del gene mutation. Anything that helps those patients is a big deal, because F508del patients don’t appear to benefit from ivacaftor alone, and this is the most common genetic abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis. About 30,000 people have the disease in the U.S. and 70,000 have it worldwide. About half of all cystic fibrosis patients have two faulty copies of the F508del gene while about 87 percent are thought to have at least one bad copy of the F508del gene, researchers say.
Before diving into the statistics of what Vertex reported today, here’s some necessary background. Vertex made history a year ago when it won FDA approval of ivacaftor (Kalydeco), which was the first drug that was shown to work by treating the underlying genetic abnormality in CF, rather than just treating the symptoms. Cystic fibrosis, for those unfamiliar, comes from mutations to a gene called CFTR. Those mutations interrupt the transfer of water and salt across cell membranes. When water and salt don’t flow properly, it causes a number of bad things, but most importantly, it leads to the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs. Patients lose lung capacity, their lungs get infected with various bacteria, and they usually die by their late 30s or early 40s.
While doctors have gotten better at treating the symptoms of CF, Vertex’s ivacaftor is special because it’s the first drug that works by targeting the CFTR protein directly. It helps to prop open these cellular gateways to allow better transport of ions across cell membranes, at least for the 4 percent of patients with the G551d mutation.
The study Vertex reported on today was designed to ask whether VX-661 could help the broader population—F508del patients—by itself, or in combination with ivacaftor (Kalydeco).
Here’s how the study was designed. Vertex randomly assigned 128 patients to get the Vertex combo drugs, or a placebo, and followed them all for 28 days. Patients were assigned to get one of four different doses of VX-661, taken once a day, alongside a fixed dose of ivacaftor taken twice a day. One group of patients got VX-661 alone—and they didn’t see a statistically significant benefit, Vertex said.
Benefit, however, was seen in patients on the combination regimen. Patients on a 100 milligram dose of VX-661 saw a 9 percent relative improvement in their lung function—measured by their capacity for forcing air out of their lungs in one second. Patients on a higher dose, 150 milligrams, also improved, seeing a 7.5 percent improvement in their lung function from their baseline finding. As expected, those on the placebo saw almost zero change in their lung function. When patients went on a 28-day washout period with no more drug, their lung function reverted back to about where it was at the beginning of the study, Vertex said. The benefit seen at the high doses of VX-661 were statistically significant, meaning that even though the study had only a small number of patients, the finding was striking enough that it was unlikely to be the result of chance.
At this point, some readers might wonder, ‘what’s the big deal about a 9 percent improvement?’ It actually is a big deal when evaluating cystic fibrosis patients. For context, I looked back to an interview I did last year with Michael Boyle, a cystic fibrosis expert at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD. Here’s what he said, although the percentages he’s referring to are in absolute terms, not relative terms.
“Five percent is the magic number, that’s what everybody wants to get to. But 10 percent is a huge effect,” Boyle says. When asked what those numbers mean, he said the outcome can vary depending on how sick a patient is, but it always counts for something important. A person who improves from 20 percent lung function to 30 percent goes from the verge of a lung transplant to having a longer life expectancy. An improvement from 40 percent lung function to 50 percent clearly enables a patient to exercise more. A person going from 50 percent to 60 percent can feel a significant difference when climbing stairs, he said.
While everyone will focus on the percent improvement in lung function, it was only a secondary goal of the study, and the main goal was to assess safety at a variety of doses. Vertex said the combo drug regimen was “well-tolerated” and that the reported adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in severity, and consistent with what patients reported in the placebo group. Vertex plans to discuss the results with regulators, and consider its strategy for verifying the results in the third and final phase of clinical trials normally required for FDA approval of a new drug.
OK, whew, you’re probably thinking that’s a lot of information to process already. But there’s even more context to consider. This new drug candidate, VX-661, is really just one of three different compounds Vertex has designed as a “corrector” of CFTR gene mutations. Last year, Vertex reported similarly encouraging results from a mid-stage clinical trial of another “corrector”—VX-809—in combination with ivacaftor. Those results were compelling enough—showing an improvement in lung function for patients with two copies of the F508del mutation—that Vertex is currently testing the combo in a pivotal clinical trial program that’s recruiting 1,000 patients. Vertex’s scientific hypothesis is that it should be able to help the most patients by pairing a genetic “corrector” drug with a “potentiator” like ivacaftor (Kalydeco), that props open the ion channels on the cell surface, to let water and salts pass through.
Put simply, one drug is supposed to correct the CFTR protein pathway, allowing water and salts to traffic to the cell surface, while another drug props open a channel that enables the stuff to pass through. While Vertex has pushed VX-809 as its most advanced “corrector” drug for cystic fibrosis, VX-661 is next in line, and there’s one more back in the pipeline called VX-983.
VX-661 is from the same chemical class as VX-809, and Vertex’s data says it acts at the same step in the CFTR correction pathway, according to company spokesman Zach Barber. While each drug is different in a chemical sense, they are all striving to reach the same goal, treating patients with F508del mutations.
“Our goal in CF is to help as many patients as possible with combinations of different medicines that act on CFTR,” Barber says. “This could be a dual regimen, like VX-809+ivacaftor, or potentially a future triple regimen, such as two correctors + ivacaftor. Having multiple correctors in development gives us a greater flexibility with how we might be able to combine these compounds to address certain patient populations.”
By posting a comment, you agree to our terms and conditions. | <urn:uuid:c81be07f-1cfa-4953-a5bf-8598472d5237> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xconomy.com/boston/2013/04/18/vertex-pharmaceuticals-booms-on-cystic-fibrosis-combo-drug-study/?single_page=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.953044 | 1,736 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Cup of thoughts is a joint work project of art by Chen Li, artist and calligrapher, and Maria Teresa Frizzarin, ceramic artist. Can matter meet calligraphy and bring a kind and silent message? The cup, offers an opportunity to become
a medium of the word and at the same time changes the original poetic sense of the sentences. The cup becomes a metaphor, a place of appareance that can give a new meaning to the words themselves. The sentences speak of friendship, meetings
"Pensieri in tazza" also presents other works by Chen Li and Maria Teresa Frizzarin over the last 10 years: handmade tile, plates, pottery, paintings.
Frizzarin learned ceramic art at the Faenza school for ceramic. She is teacher and works in social and art projects mostly in Italy and Schwitzerland.
Laboratorio Aquarius Ceramica Contemporanea
cortile del maglio,
via Vittorio Andreis 18 int. 18/e a Torino
fino al 23 dicembre
ORARIO: dal lunedì al venerdì 12-19, sabato e domenica 10-19,30 | <urn:uuid:129872f8-2ff3-45d1-b549-527e6a9f20d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chenli.it/exhibitions-chenli-pensieriintazza.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.873225 | 272 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Overview and details of the sessions of this conference. Please select a date or location to show only sessions at that day or location. Please select a single session for detailed view (with abstracts and downloads if available).
3:00pm - 3:45pm ID: 280 / Session 02C: 1 Main Technical Program Topics: Stormwater, Utility & Assessment Management, Resiliency, Planning, Climate Science Keywords: Stormwater, Retrofits, Water Quality, Prioritization
A Scalable Decision-Making Framework For Stormwater Retrofit Investments
Blair Scott1, Robin Kirschbaum2
1King County; 2Robin Kirschbaum Inc.; ,
King County (County), WA, Stormwater Services Section (SWS) has identified the lack of stormwater controls in older developed areas as one of the most significant problems preventing recovery of the County’s streams, lakes, and Puget Sound. With approximately 150 square miles of untreated developed areas and population growth among the largest over the last decade of any county across the United States, the need to strategically plan and begin implementing stormwater management to control stormwater runoff and restore or prevent further degradation of aquatic health is considered urgent by King County and its regional planning partners.
SWS is working collaboratively with Robin Kirschbaum, Inc. (RKI) to develop clear goals and a strategic decision-making framework for identifying, prioritizing, and implementing stormwater management and engineering projects led or influenced by SWS that restore aquatic resources through improved stormwater controls. Building on existing County programs, policies, and initiatives, the project will not only focus on water quality and aquatic health, but on broader principles of critical importance, such as equity and social justice (ESJ) and climate change preparedness.
The decision-making framework will address subbasin prioritization and individual project identification, evaluation, and prioritization organized around the following multi-benefit outcomes:
Improve water quality outcomes
Increase resilience to climate change impacts
Preserve and restore wildlife habitat
Implement Environmental and Social Justice
Increase community stewardship
Accelerate or exceed regulatory requirements using stormwater retrofits
The decision-making framework will serve as a foundational pillar of the County’s 30-year plan for stormwater investments, currently being co-designed and co-implemented by a group of partners from across the region. The stormwater investment plan will rethink the region’s approach to addressing polluted runoff and prioritizing the needs of the residents impacted the most.
Brief Biography and/or Qualifications Blair Scott is a Water Quality Planner for King County, and Robin Kirschbaum is the Project Manager/Stormwater Engineering Lead for this work as well as the president of Robin Kirschbaum inc.
3:45pm - 4:30pm ID: 225 / Session 02C: 2 Main Technical Program Topics: Stormwater Keywords: LID, pfas, copper, zinc, phytoremediation
A Greenhouse Evaluation of Stormwater Remediation Of Heavy Metals And PFAS By 10 Native Oregon Plants
Richard Hilliard, Bethany Parker, Jennifer Field, Tyler Radniecki
Oregon State University, United States of America;
Stormwater collects dissolved and particulate phase pollutants from improved surfaces and carries these to receiving water bodies, degrading their quality. Contaminants of particular concern include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and heavy metals such as copper and zinc. Infiltration systems of various designs are being implemented widely to provide passive treatment of these waters. Inclusion of plants in these systems provides potential for phytoremediation, prevention of erosion, increased soil porosity, and an aesthetic quality in the built environment. Plants, along with associate microbes often vary greatly in their provision of degradation and removal of stormwater pollutants. In this study, 10 different native Oregon plants (n=6) including various monocots and dicots were investigated for potential treatment of copper, zinc, and PFASs (spiked-in) in surface runoff collected from a public works utility site in a 10-week greenhouse experiment. Aqueous, soil, and plant samples were analyzed using a combination HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-QToF for PFAS and ICP-MS for heavy metals. Throughout the experiment, evapotransipration rates were monitored by weighing of the planted units. After the experiment, plant physiological qualities (masses and lengths of roots and shoots) were recorded. Enrichment of plant microbiomes in the rhizosphere and the bulk soil was evaluated by 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing to examine whether microbes are involved in stormwater phytoremediation.
Preliminary data suggest that some plants were much more effective at removing PFAS, particularly the shorter chain compounds. Additionally, some plants showed a net production compared to the control of PFPeS, PFBS, and PFHxS, suggesting the transformation of parent compounds FHxSA and FOSA.
Brief Biography and/or Qualifications Richard Hilliard is a PhD candidate at Oregon State University in the Environmental Engineering program. He defended his Master’s of Science in Environmental Engineering at Oregon State in the fall of 2018 and obtained his BA from College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, ME. His research involves the use of engineered biological systems for more efficient treatment of contaminated waters.
Emerging Technologies for Stormwater: A CMAC Pilot Project
Josh Van Wie1, Peter Holte2
1Osborn Consulting, Inc.; 2City of Redmond; ,
Emerging technologies for stormwater are playing a crucial role in the Pacific Northwest to help municipalities meet their NPDES permit requirements and watershed management goals. Public agencies and their consultant teams must rely on innovation and collaboration to harness the latest technologies as permit requirements become more stringent and watershed management becomes more critical in urbanized areas.
During 2020-2021, the City of Redmond completed a pilot project to install Continuous Monitoring and Adaptive Control (CMAC) retrofits at two stormwater ponds. The CMAC system uses cloud software to optimize and control pond discharge flow rates through a remotely operated control valve. This technology was selected because of its potential to improve flow durations and protect downstream creek habitat in areas that were developed prior to current regulatory requirements for flow control.
To initiate the pilot project, Redmond identified four stormwater ponds as possible retrofit locations in the Monticello Creek watershed, which was previously selected as a priority watershed for the City’s 2013 Watershed Management Plan. A feasibility study was completed by Redmond’s consultant team, led by Osborn Consulting, to analyze the four ponds using the Western Washington Hydrology Model (WWHM) to assess potential improvements in flow durations at each pond after installing a CMAC retrofit. The modeling proved to be a valuable step in the process as some ponds showed significant potential improvements while the others showed little to no improvement due to site-specific hydraulic configurations or changes in basin hydrology that had occurred since the original design and construction.
Two ponds were selected to move forward with final design in late 2020 and construction of the CMAC retrofit installations in early 2021. The performance of the CMAC system will be monitored to determine its effectiveness and whether this technology has potential for more widespread use in helping the City meet its stormwater management goals.
Brief Biography and/or Qualifications Josh Van Wie has worked on a variety of water resources projects in Washington State. His experience includes planning and design for stormwater retrofits, municipal capital improvement projects, and fish passage culverts and habitat restoration. Josh has closely coordinated with agencies including the City of Redmond, Spokane County, Seattle Public Utilities, and others to successfully develop planning studies and PS&E packages.
Peter Holte is Senior Plan for the City of Redmond and coordinates the City’s Watershed Management Program. Peter holds Masters of Environmental Studies for the Evergreen State College, Masters in Public Administration for the University of Washington, and has over 20-years of experience working in stormwater management and habitat restoration. | <urn:uuid:0fe1413c-4cbd-45e7-9906-8043968ef285> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.conftool.pro/pncwa2021/index.php?page=browseSessions&cols=2&form_session=9&metadata=show&mode=table&presentations=hide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931457 | 1,665 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Opening reception Saturday, Aug 21, 12 - 5pm
Hours: Fri, Sat 12-7pm, Sun 11am - 5pm
Susan Grabel, email@example.com
Don’t Shut Up 2021 was conceived as a response to the silencing of women and for the need to raise women’s voices as in #MeToo #NeverthelessShePersisted #DontShutUp #TimesUp.
Through interruptions, censure, violence, and threatening behavior — both in person and online- women are silenced every day. It’s time to ensure that women’s voices are heard and valued. Rebecca Solnit writer, historian and activist says: “Having a voice is crucial. It’s not all there is to human rights, but it’s central to them… By redefining whose voice is valued, we redefine our society and its values. . .”
Don’t Shut Up 2021 presents the work of 47 woman-identifying artists from across the US and Canada who are working to challenge and disrupt the status quo through their ongoing artistic practice. This multimedia exhibition provides a platform for those voices.
With panel discussions and other public programs as well as the exhibition itself, Don’t Shut Up hopes to raise awareness, keep community conversations alive and encourage the viewer to advocate and work for women’s rights.
Artists: Audrey Frank Anastasi, Nancy Azara, Kyra Belan, Marcia Bernstein, Andrea Borsuk, Jo-Ann Brody, Pauline Chernichaw, Regina Corritore, Loren Dann, Anne Drager, Susan Duby, Sharyn Finnegan, Betsey Garand, Laura Gelsomini, Joan Giordano, Carol Goebel, Janet Goldner, Susan Grabel, Grace Graupe-Pillard, Zhen Guo, Melanie Hickerson, robin holder, Leigh Jerome, Carla Rae Johnson, Susan Kaplow, Tania Kravath, Barbara Lubliner, Cynthia Mailman, Virginia Maksymowicz, Ann Marie McDonnell, Marjorie Morrow, Vernita N’Cognita, Ruth Bauer Neustadter, Susan Newmark, Kristi Pfister, Helen Redman, Louise Reiner, Pam Shields, Clarissa Sligh, Linda Stein, Heather Topp, Audrey Ushenko, Doris Vila, Joyce Ellen Weinstein, Nancy Quin & Deborah Woodbridge
$5 Gallery Admission | $4 Students/Seniors/Members
Free for students grades 6-12 with student ID and for all for opening festivities
Hours: Fri –Sat, 12:00 PM – 7:00 PM, Sun, 11:00 AM – 5:00 PM. | <urn:uuid:328c2970-5d8c-44a3-adc2-6e419ec338e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feministartproject.rutgers.edu/calendar/view/16250/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.848864 | 592 | 1.835938 | 2 |
AN organisation which helps disadvantaged people back into secure, sustainable employment has marked its 10th year in business by announcing further plans to grow.
Northern Rights was launched in 2012 by Katherine Murray and Dawn Brown, who had for many years worked together delivering Government-led employment support programmes.
The duo decided to set up their own organisation, specifically aimed at disadvantaged people who had faced physical, mental and social health challenges which had prevented them from entering or remaining in employment, because they felt the existing models weren’t fit for purpose.
Initially based out of one of the most deprived areas in the region, East Durham, Dawn and Katherine invested their own personal savings and launched with just one member of staff.
Today, they employ 63 people and have plans to recruit at least a further 10 people during the course of 2022.
Katherine said: “Our journey since launching 10 years ago has been quite remarkable and it’s only when we sit back and look at everything we’ve achieved that we realise how far we’ve come.
“The growth of our organisation has been significant, however what’s even more rewarding is when we hear from the people we’ve helped over the years who, thanks to the support they’ve had from Northern Rights, are now in secure employment, in jobs they genuinely enjoy but never thought was possible.”
Dawn Brown added: “We have all worked extremely hard to compete and succeed in the welfare to work sector dominated by the financial might of national and multinational corporations.
“Through our localised model, which has been developed by people with a real understanding of our local communities, we can offer appropriate levels of support to the people who need it most, ensuring the vast majority of individuals leave Northern Rights in a stronger position and achieving their full potential, whether that be into sustainable employment, with enhanced skills or generally a greater confidence to live an independent life.”
From its offices in Sunderland, South Shields and Peterlee, Northern Rights offers one-to-one and group support in areas including basic skills improvement, CV building, confidence building and interview technique training.
One person they’ve helped back into employment is 64-year-old grandmother Maureen Bagley from South Shields. She said: “I never thought I’d work again but thanks to Northern Rights I am now employed as a part-time cleaner and I love it. Working keeps me in a routine, especially since I became a widow four years ago.
“I cannot praise the team at Northern Rights enough. They were very good with me, really nice and made me feel very relaxed.”
Another beneficiary of the Northern Rights support programme is Michael Bell, 36, from Fellgate. A bi-polar sufferer, he had struggled to remain in work and knew finding the right job was key to him living a normal life.
He said: “When I came to see Northern Rights, it was clear they got me, they understood where I was coming from and really listened to what I had to say.
“I was very low on confidence and needed help to build myself back up. The assistance Northern Rights gave me was invaluable and I cannot emphasise enough, if you are struggling to find employment, come and see the team here. They are brilliant.”
Michael is now working at the Clarion Hotel in Boldon.
Northern Rights also works with a number of high-profile businesses and organisations including Gentoo, South Tyneside Homes, the Department for Work and Pensions, and Sunderland, South Tyneside, and County Durham local authorities.
Katherine added: “Having achieved so much in our first 10 years, our mission now is to be recognised as the best welfare to work organisation in the North East, delivering outcomes in excess of other organisations and one that people want to work with as they know we will improve their life chances.
“We love what we do and know we do make a genuine difference to the people who come through our doors.” | <urn:uuid:c5385749-9081-4f51-8f70-9ae3cb64d15e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessdurham.co.uk/news/northern-rights-marks-tenth-birthday-with-further-plans-for-growth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.978553 | 838 | 1.617188 | 2 |
As abortion providers in Illinois gear up for potentially thousands more patients from states that could ban or further restrict the controversial procedure if Roe v. Wade is overturned, there’s a mushrooming concern: having enough staff to treat these patients.
“What we’re working with now is a crisis, and it’s happening so quickly that it’s hard to keep up,” said Dr. Erica Hinz, an OB-GYN who leads the complex family planning fellowship at UI Health, a hospital system on Chicago’s Near West Side.
Hinz said she can hear the strain during monthly meetings with abortion providers across the state, as they all try to ramp up services so quickly.
“I honestly think that there’s going to be a similar staffing crisis as there was in COVID,” Hinz said.
That’s because while there may be enough physicians to provide abortions in Illinois, there might not be enough support staff such as medical assistants and nurses to help provide care.
Health care workers across Illinois are still reeling from the relentless COVID-19 pandemic. Many burned out and became part of the Great Resignation, while others are still getting infected with the virus, leaving a void in the schedule at work and in the exam room.
And then there are health care workers who, without child care or reliable transportation, are having a hard time logistically getting back to work after taking time off. Nurses high in demand can command bigger salaries that some clinics and hospitals can’t afford, or don’t want to pay.
Should the U.S. Supreme Court overturn Roe v. Wade, as a recently leaked draft opinion indicated it may, Illinois providers are expecting an additional 20,000 to 30,000 patients a year as people travel from other states that could ban or heavily restrict the procedure. That would be a nearly two-thirds increase in abortions across Illinois. In 2020, there were just over 46,000 abortions provided, according to the most recent state public health data.
Dr. Allison Cowett, medical director of Family Planning Associates, a reproductive health clinic that performs abortions in the West Loop, calls the health care worker shortage “perhaps the biggest barrier to a full-scale increase that would meet the needs of folks coming from other states.”
Illinois has long been a haven for people seeking abortions in the Midwest. It’s essentially an island as neighboring states have made it harder for patients to get abortions, and there are far fewer places to get the procedure compared to in Illinois.
More than two dozen states could ban abortion if the highest court decides to allow states to make that call, according to the Guttmacher Institute, an organization that advocates for abortion rights and that tracks reproductive health policy. Bans would blanket most of the Midwest and the South, the Center for Reproductive Rights predicts, creating a bigger pipeline to Illinois.
Even without total bans, many states have multiple restrictions on getting an abortion, from required ultrasounds to a days-long waiting period between consulting with a physician to getting the procedure.
Many abortion providers in Illinois say they have been expecting this possibility for years. But now they’re balancing how to ramp up access without taking away from the other health care services some of them provide, like routine cervical cancer screenings, HIV prevention and birth control.
The majority of abortions in Illinois take place in independent clinics like Family Planning Associates, or Planned Parenthood of Illinois, which is perhaps the biggest abortion provider in Illinois with 17 health centers around the state.
Cowett said she treats patients from Indiana and Wisconsin every day, and patients from Texas a few times a week since that state last fall banned abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy.
Patients she sees come by way of O’Hare International Airport — they buy a plane ticket online, fly out the next day, then fly home after their procedure. But that’s for patients who have the means to do so, Cowett emphasizes.
Her clinic is hiring employees for both full- and part-time positions. Like with many providers, it will be a balancing act — how many workers Cowett’s clinic will need depends on how busy it gets.
Planned Parenthood of Illinois, meanwhile, is taking a page from hospitals that desperately needed nurses during COVID-19. The organization is looking to tap an estimated $40 million fundraising campaign to recruit new employees with bonuses, and to increase staff salaries to help retain workers. There’s a particular need for medical assistants.
“Being fully staffed helps prevent burnout,” said Dr. Amy Whitaker, chief medical officer for Planned Parenthood of Illinois.
To take on more patients, the organization has opened more clinics in recent years strategically near the Illinois border and is expanding telemedicine services, where patients can meet virtually with a provider. The call center will also need to grow, Whitaker said, as more patients are expected to book appointments.
“I spend a lot of time with jigsaw puzzles of scheduling, and how can we fit appointments here and how can I get a provider here that I’ve never had to have before,” Whitaker said. “A lot of logistical planning has happened, is happening. … How can we expand care with what we already have while also thinking about what we can add.”
Still, the strain of a potential increase in in-person abortion procedures could be tempered by the rise of medication abortions. Planned Parenthood recently started mailing medication to patients who qualify to receive them. Illinois data show these types of abortions make up just over half of all abortions in Illinois.
Patients must be physically located in Illinois for an appointment, providers said, even driving across the border to have a telemedicine visit on their cell phone. Then they can pick up the medication at a Planned Parenthood clinic, or have it sent to an Illinois address, such as a friend’s house. These patients don’t have to be Illinois residents, Whitaker said.
At Hope Clinic for Women in Granite City near the Missouri border, executive director Dr. Erin King says she’s “on edge” over having enough employees. She’s already short-staffed, needing more nurses and medical assistants, someone to work the front desk.
If Roe v. Wade falls, King expects a 40% increase in patients. She foresees needing even more employees.
“If you asked me a month ago, or maybe six weeks ago, I would have been like, ‘Well, we’ll find some people. Don’t worry,” King said. “Now I have been … really pushing the envelope on how many people we’re reaching out to and spaces we’re advertising in.”
She’s worried about being able to provide abortions in time for patients.
Back at UI Health on the Near West Side, Hinz said the health system plans to offer abortions more days a week than it currently does and has hired another faculty member to perform them. UI Health isn’t necessarily looking to hire more nurses and other staff, but to add more responsibilities to what current employees already do.
That might be tough, not just for UI Health, but for other abortion providers whose employees are already spread thin.
UI Health performs about 50 abortions a month. Hinz expects at least a 10-20% increase in patients should abortion protections fall across the nation.
“It’s just so hard to predict because unfortunately those that can make it to us are those that have the resources to get here,” she said. “There’s a lot of folks that just won’t be able to travel to get the care that they need.”
The volume of patients might not look big, Hinz said, but she said her patients tend to be the sickest and most vulnerable. The majority are low-income. Patients who get abortions at hospitals instead of clinics tend to be high risk. They might bleed more during an abortion or have high blood pressure or heart problems, for example.
Another strategy to treat more patients? Hinz is also trying to get licensed to practice medicine in Indiana, so she can provide telehealth appointments to patients across the border.
Kristen Schorsch covers public health and Cook County for WBEZ. Follow her @kschorsch. | <urn:uuid:191405a4-8e5c-4c14-a8af-affea519baa1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wbez.org/stories/staffing-shortages-in-illinois-for-abortion-care/d76b96b1-78fd-4917-93e2-d48a8e8fe72c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958135 | 1,756 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The Buffalo River, located in northern Arkansas, was the first National River to be designated in the United States. The Buffalo River is slightly more than 150 miles long.
1 - 9 of 9 buffalo national river wall art for sale
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Weekender Tote Bags
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Round Beach Towels | <urn:uuid:25dffbde-cf72-4481-91c4-54f9cef0730b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.unfocussed.com/collections/buffalo+national+river | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.798094 | 189 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The budget session of the parliament is going to start in a few days and the budget for FY 22-23 is going to be presented on 1st February, 2022. Let us examine what are the major impending issues faced by the Indian economy and what are the challenges, the budget needs to address. We will focus on various issues in front of the economy in a series of articles in the run up to the budget.
The Government of India released the advanced estimates of National Income 2021-22 recently. The GDP growth of the current financial year when compared to the pre pandemic period stands at 1.26%. Gross Fixed Capital Formation (Investment) is the second biggest component of GDP. As per the report on advanced estimates, the investments have seen a 2.56% increase in FY 21-22 when compared against the pre pandemic period (FY 19-20). The share of investment in total GDP went up from 32.5% in FY 19-20 to 32.9% in FY 21-22.
One needs to keep in mind here that investment demand has been shrinking in the pre pandemic period itself. The share of investment to GDP which was more than 40% during third quarter of FY 11-12 went down to 32.5% in the pre pandemic period itself.
As has been in the proportion of investment to GDP data, there has been a steady decline in share of investment to GDP for the last ten years even before the pre pandemic period. Now what does this decline means. If the share of investment reduces, it means that private players are investing in lesser proportion. This leads to lesser work opportunities in the private sector as more investment brings more employability. This leads to increase in unemployment and also reduces the ability of people to spend more as with lesser employability there will be lesser income and hence lesser the spend. With lesser demand ( due to lesser spend) in the economy, the investors don’t find it lucrative to invest more and hence proportion of investment reduces further. This is a vicious circle.
Now how to break this cycle. Government has tried the most common way of boosting investment demand, i.e. reduction of corporate tax in the pre pandemic period itself. As we can see in the above data it did not generate the desired outcome of increasing the investment at a substantial level.
Now why does the tax reduction did not bring a substantial increase in proportion of investment. There can be two possible reasons for this. One is that there is a lack of trust in the minds of the investors. During the pre pandemic period itself there has been a slow down in consumption demand. Even the recent advanced estimate suggest that the consumption demand in FY 21-22 is 2.9% lesser than what is was in the pre pandemic period of 2019-20. So investors will not invest in a economy where there is lack of demand as that means there investments will not be profitable.
The other possible reason is that sometimes the tax reduction has a lagged impact on the investments, i.e., tax reduction today impact the investment the day after. But in the run up of the corporate tax reduction period, the economy was impacted by the pandemic and hence the true impact of the tax reduction on investment did not materialize. In reality both the factors are at play. There is definitely a lack of demand impacting the investors trust in the system. Also the pandemic has played its part.
Given this backdrop, what are the alternatives in front of the government now to bring back the investments and arrest this steady decline in proportion of investment. One argument can be further reduction of the taxes. However firstly that might not be a right decision specially when the economy is coming out of a pandemic and more government spending is required. Second, the impact of tax reduction has not been effective even in the pre pandemic period as discussed above.
The focus of the budget should be to bring back the trust of the investors. This can be in form of government induced investments specifically in infrastructure sector. This can help in two ways. One given the government is investing more, the investors gets a trust that they can also invest. The other and most important is government induced investment leads to more income in hands of people and hence more spending and solves the problem of lack of demand. Hence investors gains the trust. Now one issue on this can be the fiscal challenge and government can investment only a certain amount. The other focus area can be more public private partnerships for different projects where the same outcome is generated and trust of investors is restored back.
Whatever steps the government takes in this regard, this is a long term battle. The proportion of investment to GDP will not go back to the glorious level of 40% in one go. A sustained effort in this regard needs to be there with long term plan. But the vision of that long term plan is expected in this budget.
In the next article of this series we will focus on social sector scenario with specific focus on education and health. | <urn:uuid:26fab660-c5a4-4961-bc54-6d556c61cd79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ipdonline.net/2022/01/20/indian-economy-a-deep-dive-on-investments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964266 | 1,024 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Kubatova N, Pyper DJ, Jonker HRA, Saxena K, Remmel L, Richter C, Brantl S, Evguenieva-Hackenberg E, Hess WR, Klug G, Marchfelder A, Soppa J, Streit W, Mayzel M, Orekhov VY, Fuxreiter M, Schmitz RA, Schwalbe H
ChemBioChem 21 (8) 1178-1187 [2020-04-17; online 2020-01-21]
Proteins encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) have a widespread occurrence in diverse microorganisms and can be of high functional importance. However, due to annotation biases and their technically challenging direct detection, these small proteins have been overlooked for a long time and were only recently rediscovered. The currently rapidly growing number of such proteins requires efficient methods to investigate their structure-function relationship. Herein, a method is presented for fast determination of the conformational properties of small proteins. Their small size makes them perfectly amenable for solution-state NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy can provide detailed information about their conformational states (folded, partially folded, and unstructured). In the context of the priority program on small proteins funded by the German research foundation (SPP2002), 27 small proteins from 9 different bacterial and archaeal organisms have been investigated. It is found that most of these small proteins are unstructured or partially folded. Bioinformatics tools predict that some of these unstructured proteins can potentially fold upon complex formation. A protocol for fast NMR spectroscopy structure elucidation is described for the small proteins that adopt a persistently folded structure by implementation of new NMR technologies, including automated resonance assignment and nonuniform sampling in combination with targeted acquisition. | <urn:uuid:a277d2ee-5fe8-4518-b3b6-a406eee5b733> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/3f9f66ea1370489190a392a79ce14ec8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.892318 | 417 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Spiky clumps of yucca dot Odd Fellows cemetery as further reminders that this patch of woods was once a curated (if not manicured) space. Though widely found in cemeteries across the country, in African-American tradition specifically, yucca binds restless spirits to their graves. Easily transplanted and nearly ever-lasting, yucca was sometimes planted near the head of a grave in lieu of an expensive stone marker.
Odd Fellows’ daffodils, which typically bloom around February, were also planted by mourning families, and it’s likely that the wisteria that has taken over the site was introduced as a grave planting.
Photos by Lisa Y. Henderson, December 2021. | <urn:uuid:644d4b97-b4c6-4e44-97fa-d98225acf7a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://afamwilsonnc.com/2021/12/26/lane-street-project-yucca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.978034 | 152 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What is the Databricks Scalable Machine Learning with Apache Spark course all about?
In this course, you will experience the full data science workflow, including data exploration, feature engineering, model building, and hyperparameter tuning. You will have built an end-to-end distributed machine learning pipeline ready for production by the end of this course.
This course guides students through the process of building machine learning solutions using Spark. You will build and tune ML models with SparkML using transformers, estimators, and pipelines. This course highlights some of the key differences between SparkML and single-node libraries such as sci-kit-learn. Furthermore, you will reproduce your experiments and version your models using MLflow.
You will also integrate 3rd party libraries into Spark workloads, such as XGBoost. In addition, you will leverage Spark to scale inference of single-node models and parallelize hyperparameter tuning. This course includes hands-on labs and concludes with a collaborative capstone project. All the notebooks are available in Python, and Scala as well where available.
What is Apache Spark?
Infoworld describes Spark as a data processing framework that can quickly perform processing tasks on very large data sets and can also distribute data processing tasks across multiple computers, either on its own or in tandem with other distributed computing tools. These two qualities are key to the big data and machine learning worlds, which require the marshaling of massive computing power to crunch through large data stores. Spark also takes some of the programming burdens of these tasks off the shoulders of developers with an easy-to-use API that abstracts away much of the grunt work of distributed computing and big data processing.
Who is this course for?
- Data scientist
- Machine learning engineer
- Create data processing pipelines with Spark
- Build and tune machine learning models with SparkML
- Track, version, and deploy models with MLflow
- Perform distributed hyperparameter tuning with Hyperopt
- Use Spark to scale the inference of single-node models
For more information about this course, please check this blog from P2L. | <urn:uuid:67ea45dc-a352-4cb2-8f79-7cb5ba42220f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.p2linc.com/product/databricks-scalable-machine-learning-with-apache-spark-online-class/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.91138 | 434 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The use of self storage units didn’t really begin in the UK until the 1980s, a couple of decades after their appearance in the US, but now they are a common feature of our cities and towns and probably most us have used a self-storage unit at one time or another. Or if we haven’t then we certainly will at some point in our lives.
There are some who would argue that if we don’t have space for something in our own home then we should simply get rid of it. There are certainly benefits to de-cluttering (having a clutter-free, organised home can definitely make for a calmer, less stressful life) but sometimes there are things that we don’t want in our homes, or don’t have space for, that are not technically “clutter”. This could be family heirlooms, treasured pieces of furniture just waiting until we can move to a bigger home. It could be a hobby collection of pretty much anything that there is no longer room for in the home as our families grow, not to mention seasonal items like lawnmowers, snowboards or Christmas decorations.
And, of course many users of self-storage are the small or micro businesses that have proliferated since online trading became so easy and so much a part of our retail landscape. Businesses can now be successfully run without an actual store and even without the cost, commitment or hassle of investing in warehouse space. Self storage offers short, usually monthly contracts with no long-term tie-ins, with the added advantage of increasing or decreasing the space required easily and quickly to help further keep stock storage costs down.
There is certainly plenty of choice when it comes to finding a facility that suits our needs; small, large, basic shipping container or climate –controlled space is all there for the taking. There are spaces to suit individual consumers and small to medium sized businesses.
So there are various reasons why consumers and businesses need to use self storage and it’s popularity looks set to continue; just some of the reasons are:
- Moving home to another part of the country before selling your own home
- Re-locating overseas and letting out your home in the UK
- Down-sizing but want to keep some possessions for your children
- Starting up a small business that needs somewhere convenient and cheap to store stock
- Running a cottage industry that has outgrown your cottage
- Being an Ebay or Amazon seller and needing extra space for seasonal stock
More people are aware of the benefits of having some extra storage space that allows us to keep items that would otherwise be cluttering up our homes. Indeed the small size of new homes in the UK makes it almost essential to maintain a small self storage unit for out of season items like garden equipment and furniture, camping equipment, winter sports equipment etc. Some people even use them to store seasonal clothes, precious book collection, wine collections and even classic sports cars and motorbikes. Whatever someone needs to store there is bound to be a storage unit that can accommodate it. | <urn:uuid:38660a72-92e0-403b-bd9f-cc016b45e64d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://comparingstorage.com/self-storage/why-use-self-storage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960484 | 632 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Browse by author
Lookup NU author(s): Professor Patrick Chinnery,
Dr Gary Green,
Professor Adrian ReesORCiD,
Emeritus Professor Doug Turnbull,
Professor Tim GriffithsORCiD
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.
Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects are an important cause of neurological disease. Although hearing impairment is common in patients with mtDNA defects, the spectrum and pathophysiology of the hearing loss is not well characterized. We therefore studied the relationship between cochlear and brainstem auditory function in 23 patients harbouring a range of different mtDNA mutations. Based upon the pure tone audiogram, patients fell into three distinct groups: (i) normal hearing, (ii) mild to moderate predominantly high frequency hearing loss, and (iii) severe or profound hearing loss at all frequencies. Within this study group only certain genetic defects were associated with hearing loss, and for individuals harbouring the A3243G point mutation, the severity of the hearing loss correlated with the percentage level of mutated mtDNA (mutation load) in skeletal muscle. The 10 patients who had a moderate hearing loss or less had normal brainstem auditory evoked responses and MRI, but it was not possible to interpret the brainstem auditory evoked responses in 13 patients with severe hearing loss. Otoacoustic emissions were absent in patients with a moderate or more severe hearing loss. These findings are consistent with a predominantly cochlear origin for the hearing deficit, which is determined by the precise genetic defect and the percentage mutation load.
Author(s): Chinnery PF, Elliott C, Green GR, Rees A, Coulthard A, Turnbull DM, Griffiths TD
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
ISSN (print): 0006-8950
ISSN (electronic): 1460-2156
Publisher: Oxford University Press
PubMed id: 10611123
Altmetrics provided by Altmetric | <urn:uuid:64316980-57dc-4573-975b-c8fcce232ee2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/62506 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.894858 | 486 | 1.984375 | 2 |
§ Mr. Home Robertson
To ask the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry how many households in(a) England, (b) Scotland and (c) Wales, are not receiving direct postal deliveries because of precautionary and mandatory access restrictions connected with the foot and312W
mouth disease outbreak; and what arrangements can be made for the delivery and collection of postal votes in such circumstances.
§ Mr. Alan Johnson
I have been advised by the Post Office that all households in the affected areas have access to its postal services. Arrangements have been made at a local level for the collection and distribution of mail in areas affected by foot and mouth disease or where farmers or landowners have requested that postal staff do not go on their land. These arrangements include:
- Handover of mail at the farmer or land owners gate;
- Collection by the addressee from the delivery office
- Delivery to an alternative address.
A central record of these local arrangements is not available.
Arrangements for the delivery and collection of postal votes would be the same as for ordinary mail. | <urn:uuid:d571f136-efd3-4ca7-8c11-1c568e960cea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/2001/mar/22/foot-and-mouth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950846 | 226 | 1.765625 | 2 |
One of the baggage thats cluttering in our lives is uneccessary crap. This are the things that we keep and that are not beneficial to our well being.
What usually consuming most of our thoughts on a daily basis? A clear mindset help us focus on the things that are more important. Getting one task accomplished is better that several different tasks that is unfinished. Keeping a journal and having a checklist of things to do will help to remind us of our priorities and goals. The most difficult task is to make the first step. One my mid life goals in a household is a clutter-free life. It makes life a little less stressful, coming home to an organized place and a household with a system.
The organization begins in ourselves. We all have bad habits that we wished to change. Time spend idling is lost time. Checking social media and using gadgets all the time deprive our family and jobs of our attention. Family meals rushed, dinner conversations are ignored, paper works half finished. We can’t deny the importance of technology but we can always use it to our advantage. We can’t substitute instant messages and virtual hugs to the real things.
Sometimes, worries and anxiety we bring it on to ourselves. The paper bills, papers and junk mails that we ignore for years is now piling up in the drawer. The photos in our smartphones that now gone because we forgot to have a back up. The unhealthy snacks and half opened vitamin supplements of are taking over our pantries. The piles of clothes hanging on a treadmill that was only used the first year we bought it. Life happens. The things that we need to do or change remains unchecked.
We often neglect the things that we have and focus on the things that we want. A bigger house, a newer car, an Instagram worthy family. As I stare at my closet, I realized I accumulate a lot of material things from unworn clothes with tags still on, never used purses in their dust bags, gym shoes, yoga pants and sports bra that has never been to the gym. These items that I am saving for a special occassion to wear, the promise of going to work out, a cruise that I planned in my head. Memories that I wish to make. And some things that take up precious space, Some things we hold on to, that either has a sentimental value that we need to discard, toss out or donate and find a new home.
A Simple and content life is living within our means, putting our time and energy on more important things in life. These are our relationships with our spouse, our children, our families and friends and most importantly with God. Decluttering our minds on unnecessary things material and thoughts. Being content of the stuff we already have and having a cheerful and thankful heart that is willing to give. These are the choices in life we make. | <urn:uuid:71438d12-8841-4de5-bc5f-2b80bfef3bee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.midlifelunacies.com/decrapification-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.954821 | 582 | 1.695313 | 2 |
London website features the late Earl Cameron as part of Black History Month
The career of late Bermudian actor Earl Cameron has been highlighted in a London newspaper as part of the UK’s Black History Month.
Mr Cameron, who died last year aged 102, is one of three actors in the MyLondon article “who started their careers at Ealing Studios and went on to be pioneers in their field”.
The article said: “These men were Britain's best Black actors at the time, founders of some of the first Black theatre companies, and appeared in iconic films and television programmes such as James Bond and Doctor Who.
“Between the 1930s and the 1950s, several Black actors held starring and supporting roles in Ealing Studios films, which set them on their way to successful careers.”
The article gave a summary of Mr Cameron’s career and spotlighted that he had “a rare starring role for a Black actor”, in his first film, Pool of London, in 1951.
The article said: “Earl and a White actress had the first known cinematic interracial romance in the film.
“Earl appeared as James Bond's chauffeur in the 1965 film Thunderball, and played one of the astronauts on a spaceship in Doctor Who: Tenth Planet.
“More recently, he starred alongside Nicole Kidman and Sean Penn in the 2005 film The Interpreter and held a small role in the 2010 film Inception, starring Leonardo DiCaprio.”
The article also quoted Mr Cameron on the problems Black actors faced in post-war Britain.
Mr Cameron said: “I wanted to play big parts in films, but Black film actors in this country were not given any promotion.
"Our names did not appear on film posters.
“I lost count of the times we met with Equity to try and stop Black Americans being brought over to take roles in British films like The L-Shaped Room, Heaven’s Above and The Hill.
"This happened because casting directors didn’t believe we – Black British actors – could act.
“But, in spite of this, I did work consistently throughout the 1950s and 1960s.”
The two other actors featured in the article were Robert Adams and Edric Connor. | <urn:uuid:7d157389-3a99-4398-9908-9c82ea3c5f38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.royalgazette.com/general/news/article/20211025/london-website-features-the-late-earl-cameron-as-part-of-black-history-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.977083 | 483 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Today’s world is characterized by a competitive business landscape. However, in order for a business to make it even, it’s of utmost importance to ensure that there are continuous retooling and development of business strategies.
While it’s crucial for a business to have a formidable strategy, a vast majority of small businesses and startups fail to scale their already developed business strategies. As an entrepreneur, its important to always remember that there is a big difference between creating a business strategy and developing an already created strategy.
Basically, having a business strategy for your business comes with a number of advantages. Although many businesses fail to grasp the importance of having a formidable business plan, it’s worth mentioning that having one is key to guaranteeing long term business success.
But how can you make sure that a business strategy is constantly developing? To ensure that your strategy doesn’t stagnate, it’s of utmost importance to have targets and evaluation techniques to ensure that your business is growing by achieving the stipulated goals.
So, are you a small business? Here are to strategies that you can put into play to ensure that your business is growing. However, you can seek out the help of professional financial strategists such as ad Akulaku Finance Indonesia, which is a reputable financial institution that offers great financial deals on different products.
Outsource to Get a Competitive Edge
As a startup, outsourcing might not look like a viable option. After all, employing contractors might be more expensive, let alone complicated. As a small business, you might find employing full-time personnel as the way to go since you won’t have to draft any business agreements or any other considerations.
Even so, depending on the stage that your business is in, outsourcing can work miracles in your business. You should also consider what immediate needs that your business requires.
For instance, if you are establishing your business from the ground, subcontracting some of your tasks might be easier than employing full-time employees.
Start Lean and Mean
If you have a business, you probably gave toyed around with the idea of a perfect business launch. Regardless of the years that you will take, you would want to have a business with already developed strategies as well as opulent business premises.
However, this is not always the case. If you are running a startup, the best way to achieve success is to start lean and mean. This means starting small as you scale up with time.
Remember that starting a business isn’t a walk in the park. You need human resources, apart from financial capital. With the possibility of having brighter at the beginning, starting slowly is the next big thing.
Keep Your Business and Personal Account Separate
When beginning a new business, one of the biggest challenges that you will often face is the temptation to mix your personal account with your business account. Basically, this is a natural instinct, and it will only seem yo make sense to pour your finances into your business and you would want to follow up.
The bad news is that adopting such a strategy early on in your business will become a habit. This will in turn be detrimental to your business’s long term viability.
When you adopt the habit of adding up resources to your business, it will only go a long way to drain your business account. And as a rule of thumb, a business should always run itself. This means that your business should pay its own bills and not feed on your personal resources.
In the event that you experience that your business is feeding on your personal account, then it might be time to re-examine your financial operations. Always remember that your business should be self-sustainable.
Automate Your Business
With the advancement in technology, it goes without saying that you should automate your business account. Even so, while having a human aspect in your business is of utmost importance, the need to automate your business is equally important. However, you should do so by striking a balance between the human presence and the use of technology to run your business.
For instance, automating your account by using software such as Peachtree and QuickBooks will go a long way to run your business with ease. The good news is that automation is not only user friendly but easy to learn as well. | <urn:uuid:c3a8058d-60a2-4d97-b35d-14d2dae30ae4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wpepro.net/financial-strategies-to-adopt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963016 | 882 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Our eyesight is so precious, but can so often be taken for granted. In...
Pain Medication Management
Interventional pain management takes a multidisciplinary approach to care to help provide patients with effective pain relief and restore an improved quality of life. In some cases, to achieve the best outcome, interventional pain management techniques are used in conjunction with prescription medications and other forms of therapy.
When medications are part of a comprehensive plan of care
At the office of Southern Medical Suites, we offer integrated care, developing customized treatment plans to help patients manage pain and enjoy improved function. When using medications as part of a comprehensive approach to care, we consider all aspects of a drug’s safety profile with regards to the results and a patient’s ability to function. One of our primary concerns is that all pain medications, including opioids and other controlled substances, are safely and appropriately prescribed as well as taken as intended.
We understand the complex workings of pain and how a patient’s response to medication can change over time. While certain medications may have worked during one phase of treatment, some drugs may not be appropriate on a continual basis or remain safe at higher doses.
As part of a comprehensive plan of care, we do the following:
- Analyze the effectiveness, safety profile, and response to current medications.
- Guide and support patients tapering off from previous pain medications to a safer dosage or eliminating them altogether as indicated.
- Prescribe and monitor new pain medications as needed
Providing dedicated and compassionate care
We’re dedicated to the care and comfort of our patients. As skilled providers of care, we offer leading-edge interventional pain management techniques and a full range of services to help patients enjoy greater comfort and function.
Book an Appointment
Whether you have questions about our office, are interested in a consultation, or would like to schedule an appointment for care, our friendly and knowledgeable office team welcomes your phone call. | <urn:uuid:75f01758-0fc0-4859-aa1f-9b4c389bbc29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://southernmedicalsuites.com/services/pain-medication-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.931391 | 405 | 1.578125 | 2 |
A Recipe for Lasagna with 4 Simple Ingredients and 8 Easy Steps
When I think of Italian comfort food, I immediately think of lasagna. A staple of Italian cooking and available on just about any restaurant menu that considers itself authentic Italian cuisine, lasagna is basically just layers of pasta covered in cheese and marinara sauce – what could be bad about that? Although lasagna recipes have unlimited variations, it’s best to keep it simple. With over 47 million search results when you google “lasagna recipe”, there are a lot of overly-complicated and excessively heavy recipes out there. Everyone has their favorite recipe for lasagna and mine originates with my mom.
What You Don’t Know About Lasagna
The origins of lasagna are surprisingly up for debate. While commonly associated with Italy, laying flat pasta dough with sauce is actually a Greek invention called laganon. While the Greeks didn’t invent the hearty pasta dish we know and love, Italian lasagna got its name from the Greek method in which it was originally made.
Early lasagna recipes date back to the 14th century before tomatoes were prevalent in Europe and staple of Italian cooking. Naples, Italy is credited with the first lasagna-esque dish, featuring a fermented dough flattened into a thin sheet, boiled, sprinkled with cheese and spices. Later, chefs in Naples perfected the recipe into Lasagna di Carnevale, consisting of local sausage, small fried meatballs, hard-boiled eggs, ricotta, and mozzarella cheeses, and ragù meat sauce. Another variation, Lasagna al Forno, comes from Emilia-Romagna (often considered the stomach of Italy due to its rich food history) and is layered with a thicker ragù meat sauce and Béchamel sauce.
More recently, lasagna entered into American pop-culture as the famous comic strip character Garfield’s favorite food. It was also the title of Weird Al Yankovic’s 1988 parody song of La Bamba entitled “Lasagna“. Irrespective of whether you read Garfield comics or listen to Weird Al Yankovic, you should feel free to take part in National Lasagna Day on July 29th.
Why This Simple Recipe?
Although there are innumerable recipes and ways to make lasagna, the following recipe is intended for chefs of all levels who want to make a simple, but delicious, lasagna using only 4 ingredients and 8 easy steps. If you want to freestyle and add a variation to your lasagna, then use this recipe as the base. Variations could include substituting a bolognese sauce for the marinara sauce, adding vegetables (recommend spinach), and/or using a different cheese (perhaps parmesan). This recipe should take approximately 45 minutes to make, from boiling the pasta, layering the noodles, cheese, and sauce, and cooking in the oven.
I like this recipe because it’s simple, quick, inexpensive and easy to remember. Variation or not, don’t forget cooking is supposed to be fun and it’s pretty hard to mess up pasta layered with cheese and tomato sauce.
Recipe and Ingredients
Prep Time: 15 minutes
Cook Time: 30 Minutes
- Box of lasagna noodle pasta
- Mozzarella cheese (3 cups or large enough for 21 slices, do not buy shredded)
- 1 container of Ricotta cheese (15 oz)
- Jar of marinara sauce (24 oz jar)
- 9×13 baking pan
- Tin foil
- Large stock pot (for boiling noodles)
- Pre-heat oven to 375 degrees. Boil water in large stock pot.
- Once the water is boiling, place lasagna noodles in the pot and cook following instructions on noodle box. Drain noodles once complete. Set aside 3 “best looking” noodles and 9 slices of mozzarella for the top layer.
- Coat pan in a light layer of marinara sauce. This will help prevent the noodles from burning or sticking to the pan.
- Using 3 strips of lasagna noodles, place your first layer of noodles into the pan. Coat lightly with marinara sauce.
- Divide each noodle strip into thirds and switch-off layering each 3rd with ricotta and mozzarella cheese. Use a slice of mozzarella and a spoon-size serving for the ricotta.
- Repeat process for two more layers.
- Add the last layer of noodles (4 layers total), coat with pasta sauce and finish with mozzarella pieces set aside in step 2.
- Cover with tin foil and place in oven for 20 minutes. Remove tin foil and place back in the oven for 10 minutes to finish. Let stand for 10 minutes before serving with remaining marinara sauce. | <urn:uuid:edc3b4d9-6b09-4142-9125-b918cd3aeea9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maxweinerb.com/2019/02/05/simple-lasagna-recipe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.915977 | 1,014 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The legend tool will automatically check what is visible in the selected views and add them to the legend view. The layout of the legend view will follow the template view selected.
Revit 2020-2021: The tool will filter all Fire Alarm Devices and Generic Models and list them in the symbol legend.
Revit 2022-: The tool will filter the following categories: Audio Visual Devices, Electrical Equipment, Fire Alarm Devices, Fire Protection, Generic Models, Mechanical Equipment, Security Devices, Signage, and Speciality Equipment and list in the symbol legend.
For Generic Models(Revit 2020-2021) or Fire Protection (Revit 2022-) it will find all that start with Fire_FireCompartmentation….
When adding symbols to the list, it will always start with adding compartmentation for walls (Generic Models for Revit 2020-2021, Fire Protection for Revit 2022-) then list the rest of the symbols in no certain order.
The template to be used needs to contain three things.
A Fire_LegendTemplate exists inside the included BFT-template.
There are three ways to create a legend view.
1. Selecting a template legend to create the other legends from
2. a) From current view (needs to be a Floor or Area plan).
b) Entire project, this will create a legend for all components in the project
c) Selecting Floor Plans / Area Plans to create individual legends for each view
3. Change the spacing between symbols. If value 2 is entered, the spacing will double in distance, and if the value 0.5 is entered the distance is half of the standard. | <urn:uuid:517dc5ff-6414-4e04-a3fc-ab0dfe2f95a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.bimfire.app/support/solutions/articles/48001211572-legend-tool | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.7729 | 340 | 1.703125 | 2 |
This paper presents a holistic framework for analysis of destination management and/or marketing organizations (DMOs) and explores how these work in a highly complex tourism environment. Six destinations are investigated through 61 qualitative interviews with representatives from tourism businesses and organizations. The analysis reveals a number of important factors, including whether the DMOs are focused on survival or development, on experiences or communication, and on internally or externally oriented governance. Finally, it reveals that Danish DMOs constantly negotiate between their various roles at the destination, creating discrepancies between ideals, goals and practices.
- Destination management and/or marketing organizations | <urn:uuid:6025d7b3-29f6-4958-89e6-e3a434469079> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forskning.ruc.dk/da/publications/developing-a-holistic-framework-for-analysis-of-destination-manag | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.914942 | 146 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Painting and Essay by Jerome Lawrence
Express to make known one’s opinions or feelings
We are often content to move through life in a straight line, painfully aware of the obvious and pleasantly amused by harmless deviation regardless of magnitude. We encounter art and it doesn’t seem to matter to the creators of it what we really want, the type of day we’ve had or what kind of stress we’re under. Many of us are taught to see to the needs of others and we’re often surprised when others don’t care for themselves much less about us.
The moments we think that we are in control come and go with varying effect on our actual position of power, while our opinions change, our moods shift, our consciousness wavers and the only certainty seem to be that we want what we want when we want it. A better understanding of others will allow greater influence as we attempt to move, excite, and otherwise manipulate a person’s emotions, attitudes, ideas, etc. to gain acceptance, compassion and understanding or whatever else we have determined at this moment is what we want.
We must understand that our most crystal clear expression may not be so to a large part of our audience. Design your expressions to both continue the process of your understanding and to begin mine. We know that what is outside of us is the same but is seen differently by each one. And if we each see that which is outside of us differently, sharing the specifics of tints and shades within our mind becomes an increasingly difficult task. Emotions are common, but how many of us can admit to feeling only one emotion without a mix of many others in different degrees? Your ability to express is an important part of my ability to understand. Of the differences between individuals I ask you importantly to consider differences in mental health. With differing access to information, varying capacity to understand and to not misunderstand and differing ability to make use of information there is ample opportunity to either harm and take advantage through confusion or to gainfully assist others by becoming an instrument of clarity. Which do you want?
Imagine being on a desolate planet. You are a blob. Your only thought is to survive. Parts of you extend in search of nourishment. Locomotion is developed to further assist your search. Your development of senses helps to glean every advantage from your surroundings. Your purpose becomes to effectively maneuver within your environment reserving strength, increasing stamina, maintaining peak condition in order to efficiently obtain nourishment and knowledge; ever increasing your ability to not only sustain your existence but also to thrive. Contentment and dissatisfaction are gaged to monitor your progress in achieving this goal. To thrive is what you want whether you realize it or not. You encounter an identical blob. How much can you assume? With identical parts can you also assume identical thoughts, emotions, desires and identical purpose? Can our entire existence be summed in the practice of getting what we want without regard for the thoughts, emotions, desires and possible purposes of coexisting blobs?
Within your life and your life’s work, take full advantage of that which makes you a unique “blob”. Highlight the laughter of a shimmering lake in a way that only you can. Entrench the coarse shrill of a scream into our psyche or deliver a “knock out punch” with that feather of an idea you didn’t think you had much use for. There is a way of seeing that only you possess. An important tactic in getting what we want is to share. Giving a part of you is prerequisite to receiving in many cases. Share with your audience helpful thoughts, feelings, experiences, attitudes, and even that for which we haven’t words but know in our hearts has shared value.
On View: Infinity by Jerome Lawrence. 20×24, acrylic on canvas. BFA, Georgia State University. Jerome Lawrence’s solo exhibitions in Georgia include galleries such as Sabra Gallery, Ferst Center for the Arts at Georgia Tech, Chances Gallery, City Gallery East, VSA Arts for All Gallery, and others. His artwork is part of the documentary Shadow Voices & Building on Faith by Mennonite Media, and he has been interviewed by CNN news, WXIA-TV and WSB-TV in Atlanta, Georgia. | <urn:uuid:1b63ceae-15c8-4650-98c9-e442cbead27e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://episcopal.cafe/expressing_infinity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.958537 | 886 | 2.296875 | 2 |
We offer a wide variety of specialized medical providers to our patients at the Lakeview location to help limit the amount of travelling our patients may have to do for specialized medical care. We have a rotating list of specialists who come to the Specialty clinic on a schedule, including:
Click Here to learn more about our qualified team of providers.
We accept all insurance plans in the area. Office hours are 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Speak to your primary care provider for a referral.
Quality surgical services are readily accessible at Lake District Hospital. Our surgical staff are specially trained and certified in advanced life-saving procedures and practices. We offer a wide range of general and specialty procedures, and the list continues to expand. Some examples of surgeries performed routinely include: appendectomy, gallbladder removal, hernia repair, knee, foot and ankle surgery, hysterectomy, bladder slings, prostate & bladder surgery, c-section delivery, colonoscopy, gastroscopy, carpal tunnel repair and tonsillectomy.
We all know someone who has been stopped in his or her tracks by bone, muscle or joint pain. Musculoskeletal conditions and pain affect people at any time and any age, keeping people of all ages from working or enjoying life. The good news is that everyone—from the child with scoliosis to the person with traumatic injuries requiring limb-saving surgery—can benefit from the expertise of an orthopedic surgeon. There are treatment options that help people lead happier and more productive lives.
Orthopedic surgeons are devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and muscles.
An OB-GYN, or obstetrician-gynecologist, is a doctor who specializes in women’s health. The female body experiences many different biological functions, including menstruation, childbirth, and menopause. OB-GYNs provide care for all of this and more. Here’s a look at what they do and when you should consider seeing one.
Non invasive vascular diagnostic examinations can utilize ultrasound instruments or a pressure measuring technique known as ais plethysmography. Both of these modalities are painless and accurate and can assist your doctor in determining whether you have blood clots or clogged arteries.
Extremity Vascular Studies
This group of diagnostic examinations can determine whether pain in the legs or feet is caused by blood restriction or blood clots. Additional applications are used to identify the causes of leg and foot ulcers, weak pulses, cold or blue discoloration in the feet, calf pain that occurs when walking short distances and abnormal pulses anywhere.
Include Doppler insonation, B-mode colorflow and ultrasonic angiography of your head arteries for mini strokes, dizziness, migraines, vision changes, stroke or trauma to your head or neck.
Abdominal Vascular Studies
Include ultrasound examination of the aorta and its major branches and inferior vena cava for aneurysms, hypertensive renal disease, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypertension, edema and more.
If you or a loved one has a wound that does not heal, ask your doctor for a referral to our wound clinic at Lake District Hospital. We will develop a treatment plan unique to each patient’s needs to get the wound healed. We have experts in accelerated wound healing and extensive management of chronic wounds in diabetics. All our treatment options are constantly evaluated to make certain that all of our patients receive the best possible care.
Generally, wound healing is an orderly process with a predictable time course. When wounds do not follow this pattern, underlying issues, such as infection, reduced blood supply to the affected area or a combination or other factor, need to be resolved to achieve healing.
Common Reasons for ordering wound care:
- Wounds that are slow to heal
- Surgical wounds that are slow to heal
- Diabetic Ulcers
- Ischemic Ulcers
- Venous Leg Ulcers
- Expanding Wounds
- Chronic Wounds
- Recurrent Wounds
- Lymphedema Ulcers
- Infected wounds
- Pressure/ Bed Sore Ulcers/ Decubitus | <urn:uuid:b18ab4a2-e629-4941-aedb-f1e062ff029b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lakehealthdistrict.org/specialty-clinic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.925148 | 932 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Some of the largest corporations operating in the US are going to face a crackdown for their misconduct in the coming weeks, Department of Justice Principal Associate Deputy Attorney-General John Carlin has announced in an interview with the Financial Times.
One of the DOJ's focuses in this crackdown will be companies that violate the provisions of deferred prosecution agreements they've signed in the past to postpone criminal charges in exchange for a fine. Such agreements allowed the firms to correct their mistakes and eliminate their wrongdoings.
Yet, not all firms have used this properly. They will be getting notices from the DOJ very soon saying that the department will be taking action against them, according to Carlin.
Another point of interest for the DOJ is companies' compliance systems or rather lack thereof. Businesses' compliance departments and third-party observers monitor their activities so that they don't violate the laws of the country they operate in. Carlin said that the US government will now be taking action against those corporations that failed to put these systems in place.
The announced crackdown is another sign of a shift in US policies towards businesses and especially large corporations. Last month, Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco said that companies would have to identify all the people involved in misconduct when seeking deferred prosecution agreements with the DOJ. Previously, they only had to identify key individuals "substantially involved in the criminal conduct".
Monaco also said that the DOJ would be taking the firm's history of wrongdoing into account when it investigates its current activities for misconduct.
The change follows years of falling levels of corporate crime prosecutions, which hit a 25-year rock bottom in 2020 under the Trump administration. The latter was perceived by experts as taking a laissez-faire stance, where the government tries to stay away from getting too involved in how businesses operate.
The Biden administration, for its part, pledged to crack down on corporate crimes. | <urn:uuid:0db1311f-973b-4380-a143-bf3b47ba6501> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hksar.org/us-department-of-justice-to-launch-crackdown-on-corporate-crime-in-weeks-to-come | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.970332 | 380 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Composer allows you to craft custom requests to send to a server. You can either create a new request manually, or you can drag and drop a session from the Web Sessions list to create a new request based on the existing request.
There are two modes for the Composer. In Parsed mode, you can use the boxes to build up a HTTP(S) request. In Raw mode, you must type in a properly formatted HTTP request yourself. Generally, using Parsed Mode is what you want.
The Options tab exposes options that allow you to customize the behavior of the Composer.
- Inspect Session selects the new session and activates the Inspectors tab when the request is issued.
- Fix Content-Length Header adjusts the value of the Content-Length request header (if present) to match the size of the request body.
- Follow Redirects causes a HTTP/3xx redirect to trigger a new request, if possible. The Composer will follow up to fiddler.composer.followredirects.max default redirections.
- Automatically Authenticate causes Fiddler Classic to automatically respond to HTTP/401 and HTTP/407 challenges that use NTLM or Negotiate protocols using the current user's Windows credentials.
Use drag-and-drop from the Session List to create a new request based on a previously-captured request.
Use a # character in the RequestURL to be prompted for a series of sequentially-numbered URLs to download. If you enter a leading 0 (zero) before the "Start At" value, then all numbers will be padded with leading zeros (if necessary) to get to that width.
For instance, if you have the URL http://www.example.com/#/?a=#, and enter the Start At value as 08 and the End At value as 11, the Composer will request the following URLs:
http://www.example.com/08/?a=08 http://www.example.com/09/?a=09 http://www.example.com/10/?a=10 http://www.example.com/11/?a=11
Shift+Click the Execute button to immediately break the new request for further editing using Fiddler's Inspectors
Add a dummy header Fiddler-Encoding: base64 and encode your body using base64 if it contains any binary data. Fiddler Classic will decode the data before transmitting it to the server.
Add a dummy header Fiddler-Host: targettesthost if you would like Fiddler Classic to send your request to the specified server (http://targettesthost, in this case) while retaining the URL and host header specified elsewhere in the request. This is a convenience method that setS the X-OverrideHost, X-IgnoreCertCNMismatch and X-OverrideGateway flags on the new Session, removing the dummy header before contacting the specified server.
Click the Upload File link to have the composer inject one or more local files into the request body as it is sent to the server.
If you would like the uploaded file to be sent as base64 (as you might in an XML post body) insert the token base64 into the string. For instance:
<xml><mybody type=binary><@INCLUDE base64 *C:\Users\lawrence\Desktop\test.bin*@></mybody></xml> | <urn:uuid:3576402e-5a7c-4778-ad08-e0cd69c07edd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.telerik.com/fiddler/generate-traffic/tasks/createnewrequest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.780206 | 708 | 1.75 | 2 |
Water In The News
Bottled Water is still America’s Favorite
The International Bottled Water Association (IBWA), and the Beverage Marketing Corporation (BMC) announced that bottled water, for the second consecutive year, is the No. 1 beverage product in the United States, by volume. Bottled water volume grew to 13.7 billion gallons in 2017, a 7 percent increase over the previous year. Bottled water sales now total $18.5 billion, an increase of 8.8 percent, in dollar volume.
We Have Seen A Lot…But Apparently Not Everything
During a festival in Vancouver, one vendors decided he had a better idea….. selling “hot dog water.”
Yes, water used to boil hot dogs. "Hot dog water" sounds like something you couldn't pay people to drink, but this man, wearing a full-body hot dog costume, got people to “fork” over $38 (Canadian) or $28.57 US dollars, for just one bottle.
He marketed the product as a gluten-free, sodium-rich drink that can help people boost electrolytes, lose weight and look younger. The drink came in its own repurposed Voss bottle, with your own hotdog inside!
More Bottled Water For Phoenix, Please
The city of Phoenix, AZ has set up “Hydration Stations” to help keep their residents hydrated. 219 people died last year from heat-associated causes around the State of Arizona. Temperatures have been hovering above 100 degrees F, (38 degrees C). With records of 118 F, (48 C) recently.
Temperatures at the time of this publication were expected to reach 114 F. Use common sense when out in temperatures like this and remember everyone may be affected.
Brands In The News
Perrier Is Adding Juice
Perrier is adding fruit juice to their water. They already have water with “Natural Flavors” and now are adding as much as 17% fruit juice from concentrate, along with 3.5% natural sugar syrup, and .5% natural flavor. The product will be unveiled in Canada available in three varieties. Strawberry and kiwi, peach and cherry, and pineapple and mango.
Icelandic Glacial Flavored Waters
Icelandic Glacial has just announced it will be launching a new line of flavored sparkling waters. Their entry into the crowded sparkling market will include three new natural flavors.
Crafted with all-natural ingredients, the sparkling flavors include Tahitian Lime, Sicilian Lemon, and Elderflower.
Nestlé Waters Pledges Water Stewardship
Nestlé Waters have recently announced their commitment to certify all of their sites to the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS) Standard by 2025. The global standard promotes responsible water use that benefits local communities socially and economically, while ensuring environmental sustainability of watersheds.
Everyone Gets Thirsty
Question To Ponder
Why Don't we ever see the headline 'Psychic Wins Lottery'? | <urn:uuid:1c253ca5-70cf-4308-8750-94369f94adfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aquamaestro.com/fountain-head/fountain_head_june_2018 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939025 | 635 | 1.976563 | 2 |
As we look ahead to a post COVID world and come to terms with the impact that the
pandemic has had on the construction industry and the wider world in general, our Chair
Patricia Bessey has these thoughts to share.
The foundations of Teambuild are set on the principles of collaboration. It’s about the bringing together of individuals from different Professions and Services to work together to identify and find solutions to everyday problems that we encounter in the construction industry.
We know that video meeting software such as Zoom and Teams have filled in part of the gap which has resulted in so many of us working from home during this year of global pandemic. But, there is no substitute for personal interaction with other team members when trying to solve problems or to innovate.
Creative thinking comes from being “in the moment”… a small spark of an idea that bounces around a room igniting ideas that can come thick and fast. As we slowly emerge from Lockdown and Zoomland, we will all need to re-learn how to “read” a room and to understand the psychology of physical meetings. It’s also about learning how to trust the advice of others and developing interpersonal skills which will be required throughout one’s personal life.
This is why Teambuild is more important than ever as we emerge from our home offices and begin to step back out into a world of face-to-face interactions or to adapt to a hybrid of collaborative techniques, both real and virtual, which all bring their own advantages and challenges.
Through being faced with challenges of real projects, in the company of fellow professionals from a diverse range of disciplines, backgrounds and companies, our participants gain valuable communication and collaborative skills which can be honed and strengthened and then used to powerful effect in all areas of life.
If you would like to get more involved in Teambuild 2021, we would love to hear from you. Contact us at email@example.com or take a look around our website for more information. | <urn:uuid:d12b9411-e0f8-4e9e-abb6-6275a29f327c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teambuilduk.com/why-we-need-teambuild-more-than-ever/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.960282 | 420 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Just after scholar college or university, my better half took a job for the northwestern Iowa. One of the first partners i befriended were two of the coolest people we’d ever fulfilled. He had been a good airplane pilot, and she is actually a smart, excellent, individual university graduate on the East Coastline. We bonded when it is out-of-towners in a location you to definitely hardly welcomed the fresh new confronts.
On per year into the relationship, it asserted that these people were getting the farm on what it existed. We were a tiny surprised, that have considered that it already possessed the house. It checked very winning and you will was in fact substantially avove the age of you. Will eventually in the mortgage process, the new partner confided to me that they were having problems protecting a mortgage. They had one another walked away from their figuratively speaking many years earlier and have been today believed a premier lending chance.
The thing i remember about that talk was exactly how incensed my friend is. “Are you willing to trust they don’t merely help which go?”
Can you imagine I just forget my personal scholar financial obligation?
Tempted to ignore the haunting information regarding education loan financial obligation? Not timely. Including an excellent baddie during the a good Wes Craven movie, student education loans enjoys a means of going back alive. There’s no law out-of limits on how enough time a lender is haunt you getting commission in your figuratively speaking. You borrowed the cash. Therefore the matter you borrowed accumulates desire and you can punishment when it’s not being reduced.
The results off outstanding student loans are harsh — frightening, actually. College loans appear on credit file from the big around three credit scoring organizations. For each and every student loan appears as a unique tradeline, which will show the loan’s origination go out, extent owed, the very last time your debt is actually said, the brand new revealing team, as well as the commission record.
Delinquent student loans are just like icon cobwebs, and you may literally anything you would financially will get tangled up inside them. Each and every overlooked, later, or partial percentage appears on your own credit report. And good defaulted payment or a state court judgement will continue to be on your record consistently.
That’s the same credit report accustomed see whether your qualify for a credit card, car finance, otherwise mortgage. It’s the same declaration a property manager uses to choose if or not he otherwise she is always to lease to you personally. It will also become a dark specter since you online payday advances Connecticut search for a position. Their student loan financial comes with the right to sue your for the full add up to garnish your wages. While doing so, government loan lenders takes around 15% of monthly societal safeguards costs, or take money off the most readily useful of your own public coverage handicap money, unless of course you have been supplied a handicap launch.
Will a standard stick with me personally forever?
Defaulted student education loans usually do not always remain on your own checklist forever. Normally, defaulted personal student loan financial obligation will decrease your credit report eight . 5 ages following big date of one’s first skipped payment. Defaulted federal student education loans often drop-off 7 age following time of standard, or 7 ages following the date the mortgage is actually transported regarding the Federal Nearest and dearest Student loan System (FFEL) to the Institution away from Training.
However,, and that i cannot stress this sufficient, this isn’t a get out of jail totally free credit. You will still are obligated to pay those funds of course, eg, the newest education loan is actually moved, it will reappear in your credit history. Also you might still be delivered to judge and you will chased by the collectors. | <urn:uuid:c37dbc25-c382-41e6-a813-267b6d02de17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://adbc.al/you-are-aware-what-exactly-is-scarier-than-just/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968436 | 801 | 1.5 | 2 |
Go ahead and step outside, wherever you are. Look at the sky. Look at the light as it bounces off the houses and trees and streets. Now pretend that God, or the Universe, whichever you prefer, took the Brightness slider and pushed it so hard you have to squint and turn your head away to give your eyes time to adjust. When you can open your eyes again, everything is different. You feel out of place, the world is different, you’re not sure what happened but you’re not at home and you’re definitely not in Kansas.
Chances are you’re in Crete.
So you spend a couple of thousand years fussing with shades of white. Because, well, white isn’t white enough. It needs to be whiter. It’s the year 2015, and you’re closer, but still not there. Who would have thought white was so elusive. But that’s okay. You’ve got another couple of thousand years to work on it. Sit down with your family and friends. Wave your hands in the air and talk real fast as if each word is the most important word that has ever been spoken. Then, tomorrow, work on that next shade of white you’re been thinking about.
So you worked at it. You kept tweaking the white and finally brushed some on a wall as a test. You think it’s not enough but your neighbors go wild . . . let’s paint everything in Nikos’ new white! The walls, the roofs, the fences, the damn cats and dogs. Brighter! Brighter! Whiter, whiter!
Wait, what’s going on over there . . . on that other hillside? Someone used sandstone tint? Someone used pale yellow? Peach? Salmon? What happened? Are they crazy? Did they run out of white paint? Ah, they must have gone sick in the head. We must not let our daughters marry their sons.. We better make sure none of them move over to this hill. They better not come near one of our chapels with their salmon or their yellow.
Here is an example of people trying to figure white out using modern online-ness. Someone should tell them to visit Crete.
But if you were born in Crete, apparently the world is not as bright as it should be. The sun is a slacker. The sun needs help. | <urn:uuid:405cdaf0-ab76-4835-9f9a-a40a4dd58407> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mageewrites.com/god-or-the-universe-something-pushed-the-brightness-toward-infinity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.965943 | 512 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG off-pump) Heart Surgery PreOp® Patient Education #heart
One or more sections of blood vessel will be taken from the leg, thigh or chest wall and the incision at those points will be sutured and bandaged. Then, your doctor will make a vertical incision in the center of the chest. Skin and other tissue will be pulled back in order to expose the breast bone.
Your doctor will carefully divide the breast bone and a special instrument called a retractor will be used to hold the chest open. Once your doctor has a clear view of the heart, he or she will make an incision in the pericardium - a thin membrane that encloses the heart. Pulling the pericardium back will reveal the beating heart.
Before the graft vessel or vessels can be attached, a heart-lung machine must be connected, A heart lung machine takes over the job of circulating and oxygenating the blood so that your doctor will be free to stop your heart for the length of the operation. To connect the heart-lung machine, one tube is placed into the aorta and a second tube is placed into the right atrium of the heart. One or two smaller tubes are then inserted into the heart. These will carry a special solution that helps preserve the hearts temperature. When all the tubes are in place, the surgical team will turn on the bypass machine. It will begin to circulate the blood as the heart cools. When the temperature of the heart muscle has reached the proper level, a clamp is placed on the aorta. At that point, blood will no longer flow through the heart and it can be safely stopped and repaired.
To complete the bypass graft procedure, your doctor attaches the ends of the new vessels on either side of the diseased area or areas of the old coronary artery. Once the grafts have been completed, the clamp on the aorta is removed and the heart is allowed to begin beating again. As the temperature and the rhythm of the heart slowly return to normal, the heart-lung machine is disconnected. The pericardium can now be closed over the heart.
Your doctor will position two special drainage tubes in the chest cavity. These tubes prevent fluid from building up around the heart during the healing process. The breast bone is then closed with metal wire and the remaining tissue is closed with sutures. Finally a sterile bandage is applied.
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One or more sections of blood vessel will be taken from the leg, thigh or chest wall and the incision at those points will be sutured and bandaged. Then, your doctor will make a vertical…By: PreOp.com Patient Engagement - Patient Education
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NARRATOR: When timely, precise blood pressure control is critical, CARDENE I.V. Nicardipine hydrochloride premixed injection is a proven steady, premixed ready agent for use in a variety…By: CARDENE® I.V. (nicardipine hydrochloride) | <urn:uuid:ccc3e88a-715e-4bde-a7d7-87a8680e79c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://recuperatery.com/article/coronary-artery-bypass-graft-cabg-off-pump-heart-surgery-7795 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.89394 | 771 | 2.8125 | 3 |
In America, we all too often tend to substitute blame for analysis.
Since Republican Eric Cantor’s recent stunning defeat in his primary election bid to hold his U.S. House of Representatives seat in Virginia’s 7th Congressional District, the blame has been spread around in all directions. Analysis, however, has been somewhat thin and often contradictory.
He was the second-most powerful member of the House and widely expected to soon succeed John Boehner as speaker of the House.
Voter turnout was too low, some say; others argue that if the turnout of registered voters had been higher, Cantor would still have lost. Had the turnout been higher, I suspect Cantor would have won. Incumbents usually do.
In Virginia, a registered voter of one party can vote in another party’s primary. Some say Democrats voted for Cantor’s not-well-known and underfunded opponent — a tea party Republican — in order to topple the majority leader (not knowing, of course, who will succeed Cantor in that leadership position). Cantor’s defeat was a political earthquake. The aftershocks have yet to be felt.
In the primary that took Cantor down, 65,022 people voted. Cantor got only 28,898 of those votes. Many more, 474,714, according to The Washington Post, were registered to vote but simply chose not to vote.
Regardless of your party affiliation or, in this case, your preference for a given candidate — David Brat, the economics professor who won, or the seasoned incumbent who lost — the fact that only about 14 percent of those who could have voted actually did so has to give you pause. Democracy depends on participation. If voters don’t vote, democracy won’t work.
Those who want to do something to preserve democracy can make an enormous contribution by simply voting and then helping to get out the vote by encouraging others to vote. A well-organized minority can win elections by getting out the vote. And that minority may or may not have the best interest of all in mind.
The principle of participation is an underappreciated principle of Catholic social teaching. It is often thought of in terms of the right to join trade unions. It respects another’s right not to be ignored on the job or shut out from decision making within the organization, particularly from decisions that affect wages and working conditions and career advancement.
But the principle of participation also relates to a citizen’s duty to take part in the political process by voting, not necessarily by running for office, but simply voting others in or out of office in a representative government.
We call that form of government a democracy, and it simply won’t work if citizens do not participate. Hence the concern all of us should have with low-voter turnout.
I think we are nearing a crisis point in America in our refusal to participate by voting in local, state and national elections. At all three levels, our participation rates are alarmingly low. We are paying for it in the poor quality of candidates running for office, in political gridlock, particularly in Washington, and in ineffective governance at all levels.
This need not be the case. It could change for the better if more of us simply decided to vote.
Jesuit Father Byron is university professor of business and society at St. Joseph’s University, Philadelphia. Email: email@example.com.
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Philadelphia, PA 19103 | <urn:uuid:1f7d7497-c2dc-4065-bce6-63cd01889421> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholicphilly.com/2014/06/commentaries/too-few-voters-are-showing-up-on-election-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956264 | 1,015 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Efforts intensify on decarbonising heat networks
Heating our homes and businesses makes up a significant part of our energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions – they account for around a third of UK emissions. Decarbonising heat, reducing and eliminating the greenhouse gases emitted during its generation and use, is essential to tackling climate change.
In its report, Net-zero: the road to low-carbon heat, the CBI recommends a new national delivery body to formulate and steer a national plan for heat decarbonisation and to work with regions and cities to co-ordinate efforts across scales, sectors and geographies.
Mott MacDonald's The Path To Zero Carbon Heat say decarbonising heat by 2050 requires actions to be undertaken in the next five years, and among its critical activity recommendations are:
- Increase deployment of heat pumps and hybrid heat pumps in line with the CCC’s advice, at low-regret sites – via local initiatives, incentive schemes and trials in hard-to-convert buildings
- Accelerate the growth of district heat networks by developing regulatory and financial frameworks, enhancing consumer protection/confidence and unlocking investment
Companies are starting to step up a gear. SSE Energy Solutions and National Grid yesterday unveiled a new project, capturing waste heat from electricity transformers to generate hot water and space heating for homes and businesses.
It is estimated that the heat recovery project will initially reduce heat network carbon emissions by more than 40% versus traditional gas-led systems. Critically, the technology offers a route to net-zero heat when applied to transformers served by 100% renewable electricity from wind or solar farms.
The project has the potential to save "millions of tonnes of CO2 every year" if rolled out across National Grid’s network of transformers across England and Wales, harnessing this waste heat via SSE heat networks to serve towns and cities across the region, the companies claim.
Nathan Sanders, Managing Director at SSE Energy Solutions, said: “Electric power transformers generate huge amounts of heat as a by-product when electricity flows through them. At the moment, this heat is just vented directly into the atmosphere and wasted. By their very nature, electricity transformers are primarily located where people live, work and consume energy meaning that they have the potential to be incredibly valuable community assets if we apply a bit of clever thinking.
“This groundbreaking project aims to capture that waste heat and effectively turn transformers into community ‘boilers’ that serve local heat networks with a low or even zero-carbon alternative to fossil-fuel powered heat sources such as gas boilers. We see heat networks as a key part of the UK’s future low carbon energy infrastructure, enabling us to exploit waste heat sources and use these to heat homes and businesses across the country.
“At SSE Energy Solutions we are always looking at innovative ways to improve our operational efficiency, produce value for customers and reduce energy bills. Our partnership with National Grid does exactly that and decarbonising our heat networks through the electrification of heat is just one of the exciting ways we’re driving the transition to net zero.”
Alexander Yanushkevich, Deeside Innovation Manager of National Grid, said it was proud to partner with SSE Energy Solutions to develop this innovative technology and support decarbonisation of heat, which is essential to achieve net zero.
"When the solution is fully developed and tested, we can use it in any of our 350 substations and provide heat to local consumers. Together with SSE, National Grid is a Principal Partner of COP26, and projects like these are a great example of how, taking a whole system approach, the UK can lead the way in helping accelerate decarbonisation.”
SSE Energy Solutions’ heat recovery technology is currently undergoing a proof-of-concept trial at National Grid’s Deeside Centre for Innovation, the first facility in Europe where assets associated with electricity networks can be tested off-grid. The centre is designed as a unique environment for developments and trials of new technologies and practices. Deeside is a key part of National Grid Electricity Transmission’s Innovation programme, a series of projects, informed and developed by stakeholders, innovating to address the challenges of the energy transition.
SSE is a founder member of the Heat Networks Industry Council, an industry-wide group collaborating with the government to unlock the potential of zero carbon heat networks and provide around 20% of the UK’s heat by 2050. HNIC members are committed to creating 20-35,000 new direct jobs and investment of up to £50bn in the UK market, while decarbonising heat networks by 2035.
At present, SSE Group, which operates 18 large heating and cooling networks across the UK, plans to invest around £2bn largely in low carbon power projects this year and is weighing up further investments as the UK prepares to host COP26. SSE Renewables is committed to delivering 30TWh of renewables a year by 2030.
Scotland aims to provide all homes will have an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating of band C by 2040, where technically feasible and cost effective, and all non-domestic buildings will have their energy efficiency improved to the extent that it is technically feasible and cost effective.
By 2032, it aims to reduce residential heat demand by 15% and non-residential heat demand by 20% by improving the fabric of the country's buildings and ensuring they are insulated to the maximum appropriate level. It is working on a number of schemes:
- the Transition Programme Decarbonisation Fund, launched in May 2018 to assist social landlords to install energy efficiency measures to improve the energy efficiency of their properties and reduce tenants’ fuel costs
- the Energy Efficiency Transition Programme, which is piloting the expansion of energy efficiency programmes in the self-funded owner occupier and commercial markets, including in off-grid gas areas
- Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies (LHEES), which help local authorities to shape their programmes for delivering energy efficiency and low carbon heat
- the District Heating Loan Fund, which offers loans to support the development of district heating networks in Scotland
Mott MacDonald outlines the key infrastructure challenges covering electrification, hydrogen and hybrid.
One of the biggest infrastructure challenges common to all pathways is the requirement to have begun the mass deployment of complex large-scale technologies by 2030, some of which will still be relatively immature. For example, both the electric and hybrid pathways require several GW of nuclear or gas CCUS power generation capacity to be deployed every year for two decades; and the hydrogen scenario assumes that 1-2GW AMT+CCUS hydrogen production capacity is deployed each year from 2030, scaling up to 5GW+ each year from 2035.
"All of our pathways assume ambitious nationwide energy efficiency programmes to reduce heat demand are implemented across the UK’s existing building stock, most of which will still be standing in 2050. Measures such as loft insulation, cavity wall insulation and solid wall insulation must be applied to over 25M homes and millions more non-residential buildings, reducing total heat demand by around 25%," it states.
The report makes the case for hybrid heat pump systems, the installation of an electrically-driven heat pump alongside a secondary heat source (such as a gas boiler) and control system – all in the same building. The rationale for deploying them are:
- End-user acceptability
- Lower levels of end-user disruption
- Reducing near-term CO2 emissions
- System flexibility
- Lower overall infrastructure requirements
In its summary, it notes decarbonising heat is a true system challenge. "Not only will it require the rapid deployment of complex large-scale energy generation assets and upgrades to electricity and gas networks, but it means installing new heating systems into virtually every building in the country. Infrastructure delivery must be integrated and co-ordinated across multiple sectors and along the entire infrastructure value chain over a 30-year period." | <urn:uuid:d817ccb0-5297-4bcc-bc5f-1f412012681a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://energydigital.com/renewable-energy/efforts-intensify-decarbonising-heat-networks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933652 | 1,643 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Press Release, 10/27/2020, Frankfurt, Germany
INEOS Styrolution, the global leader in styrenics, announced today that it has been chosen by Chemical Week as a finalist in the magazine’s sustainability awards 2020 under the category “best sustainability programme”.
INEOS Styrolution was nominated as a finalist based on its annual sustainability report, which provides a comprehensive review of the company’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance over the past year, and outlines the company’s strong commitment and actions to transition to a circular and low-carbon economy.
INEOS Styrolution was particularly recognised for its sustainability programme that has evolved significantly since it was established in 2014. Initially, the company concentrated its efforts on optimising its portfolio and provide high quality, safe and durable styrenics products to customers.
To address the increasing global challenges, the focus of the programme expanded to developing circular solutions. This has significantly accelerated the company’s efforts to develop post-consumer recycled products. Here the company has made significant steps forward with the introduction of INEOS Styrolution ECO, its family of sustainable products. This includes Terluran® ECO, the company’s first ABS grades comprising post-consumer recycled material, and Styrolux® ECO and Styroflex® ECO made using renewable feedstock. The company also achieved a breakthrough in 2019 by producing virgin polystyrene at lab-scale from previously depolymerised material and is now focusing on producing this recycled polystyrene at commercial scale.
INEOS Styrolution has also been awarded a platinum rating by EcoVadis due to its advanced sustainability performance, ranking it in the top 1% of plastics manufacturers worldwide.
Petra Inghelbrecht, Global Sustainability Manager at INEOS Styrolution, comments: “Our programme has a strong focus on innovation for circularity and value chain collaboration. Our aim is to further shift towards low-carbon, circular polymers by reducing our greenhouse gas emissions. We are very proud for being recognised for our efforts.”
See http://www.ineos-styrolution.com/news/ineos-styrolution-introduces-first-standard-abs-grades-with-post-consumer-recycled-material
See http://www.ineos-styrolution.com/news/ineos-styrolution-breakthrough-in-chemical-recycling-of-polystyrene | <urn:uuid:b1771927-09e8-45a4-aeb7-4420cdca1f68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://styrolution-eco.com/ineos-styrolution-nominated-as-finalist-in-chemical-week-sustainability-awards-2020.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.936222 | 531 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Vegetable Chips Market Size And Forecast
Vegetable Chips Market Size is growing at a faster pace with substantial growth rates over the last few years and is estimated that the market will grow significantly in the forecasted period i.e. 2021 to 2028.
Consumers all over the world are striving to transition to healthier products like vegetable chips, which are ready-to-eat (RTE) and help quench hunger. Demand is expected to expand throughout the projected period. The global Vegetable Chips Market is growing due to rising customer inclination for snacking. The Global Vegetable Chips Market report provides a holistic evaluation of the market. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of key segments, trends, drivers, restraints, competitive landscape, and factors that are playing a substantial role in the market.
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Global Vegetable Chips Market Definition
Plant-based ingredients such as rye, quinoa, corn, lentils, potato, and other plant-based items are used to make veggie crisps. Animal-based ingredients such as flavored meat ingredients, dairy-based tastes, and others are not found in veggie crisps. Vegetable chips (also known as veggie chips) are chips (crisps) made from vegetables other than potatoes. Fried, deep-fried, dehydrated, dried, or baked vegetable chips are all options. It’s possible to employ a variety of root or leaf vegetables. Vegetable chips can be eaten as a snack, served with other meals like dips, or used as a garnish on dishes. Vegetable chips are frequently mass-produced in the United States, with a variety of brands available to customers. Vegetable chips are a snack meal that can be served with a variety of dips such as salsa, guacamole, and bean dips.
They can also be used in soups, salads, and other foods as a garnish. Vegetable chips are thinly sliced veggies that have been deep-fried or baked till crunchy. The potato chip is a well-known sort of vegetable chip that is popular all over the world. Vegetable chips can be produced with a variety of veggies and can be seasoned and spiced to suit your preferences. These chips are available in many stores, and they frequently include regional delicacies and flavors to appeal to the local market. Fitness vegetable chips are becoming more popular as people become more health-conscious. Consumers are drawn to these chips because of their colors, shapes, spices, and other additives. As a result, the market is expanding.
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Global Vegetable Chips Market Overview
Plant-based crisps, sometimes known as veggie crisps, are becoming increasingly popular in the global Vegetable Chips Market. In recent years, consumers have shown a strong preference for plant-based foods and beverages, which has risen rapidly over the last few decades. Consumer awareness of sustainability challenges surrounding meat-based diets, animal cruelty prevention, and the health benefits of consuming plant-based food and beverages are some of the primary causes driving demand for vegan foods like veggie crisps. Furthermore, they want vegetarian crisps that are 100 percent natural, gluten-free, GMO-free, and free of added MSG, artificial flavors, and chemicals.
The demand for plant-based snacks such as veggie crisps, plant-based meat products, plant-based beverages, and other plant-based foods and beverages has grown by double digits in the plant-based food and beverage business, especially in North America and Western Europe. Veggie crisps, vegetarian jerky, plant-based protein strips, sausages, granola clusters, and other vegetarian snacks have had a significant impact. Organic food has spurred demand for organic veggie snacks, organic veggie crisps, and other organic plant-based items in the global market, which has coincided with changes in consumer preferences. One of the major factors influencing the growth of the Vegetable Chips Market is the various parameters used in the manufacturing of veggie crisps to ensure that the quality of the veggie crisps is not harmed, as the majority of vegetarian food product consumers want veggie crisps to have the same taste, quality, and flavor as animal-based crisps available in meat flavors.
Meeting high quality and consistency standards for meat replacements can increase manufacturing costs and create a difficult market scenario for veggie crisps makers around the world. In 2020, the Vegetable Chips Market has been one of the industries that have recovered quickly from the difficult COVID market conditions. As firms invest in new product launches and process improvement, the long-term outlook for the Vegetable Chips Market remains positive. Vegetable chips have become popular all over the world as a result of their health benefits and increased public awareness. This feature is assisting in market expansion.
Global Vegetable Chips Market: Segmentation Analysis
The Global Vegetable Chips Market is segmented based on Product, Application, Key Ingredient, and Geography.
Vegetable Chips Market, By Product
• Vegetable Crisps
• Extruded Vegetable Crisps
Based on Product, the market is bifurcated into Vegetable Crisps, Extruded Vegetable Crisps, and Others. Vegetable chips have become increasingly popular due to their health benefits and increased public awareness. As a result, these products are in more demand currently.
Vegetable Chips Market, By Application
• Vegetable Crisps
• Extruded Vegetable Crisps
Based on Application, the market is bifurcated into Vegetable Crisps, Extruded Vegetable Crisps, and Others. Vegetable chips are becoming increasingly popular due to their delicious taste, appealing forms, spices, and vibrant colors.
Vegetable Chips Market, By Key Ingredient
Based on the Key Ingredient, the market is classified into Rye, Quinoa, Corn, Chickpea, and Others. These are some of the most essential main elements in vegetable chips, all of which are high in nutrition and nutritious.
Vegetable Chips Market, By Geography
• North America
• Asia Pacific
• Rest of the world
Based on regional analysis, the Global Vegetable Chips Market is classified into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the world. In North America and Europe, barbeque is the most popular flavor. In APAC, demand for this flavor is slowly increasing and is predicted to moderately increase throughout the projection period. In the European market, baked vegetable chips with reduced-fat are very popular.
The “Global Vegetable Chips Market” study report will provide valuable insight with an emphasis on the global market. The major players in the market are Hain Celestial, The Better Chip, Popchips, OUR LITTLE REBELLION, Walkers Crisps, Snikiddly, Wai Lana Productions, AIB Foods, Seeberger, The Forager Foods. The competitive landscape section also includes key development strategies, market share, and market ranking analysis of the above-mentioned players globally.
|KEY COMPANIES PROFILED|
Hain Celestial, The Better Chip, Popchips, OUR LITTLE REBELLION, Walkers Crisps, Snikiddly, Wai Lana Productions.
By Product, By Application, By Key Ingredient, and By Geography
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Reasons to Purchase this Report
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market based on segmentation involving both economic as well as non-economic factors
• Provision of market value (USD Billion) data for each segment and sub-segment
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• Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
• Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
• Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
• The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry with respect to recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
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Frequently Asked Questions
1 INTRODUCTION OF GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET
1.1 Overview of the Market
1.2 Scope of Report
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF VERIFIED MARKET RESEARCH
3.1 Data Mining
3.3 Primary Interviews
3.4 List of Data Sources
4 GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET OUTLOOK
4.2 Market Dynamics
4.3 Porters Five Force Model
4.4 Value Chain Analysis
5 GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET, BY PRODUCT
5.2 Vegetable Crisps
5.3 Extruded Vegetable Crisps
6 GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET, BY APPLICATION
6.2 Vegetable Crisps
6.3 Extruded Vegetable Crisps
7 GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET, BY KEY INGREDIENT
8 GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
8.2 North America
8.3.4 Rest of Europe
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific
8.5 Rest of the World
8.5.1 Latin America
8.5.2 Middle East and Africa
9 GLOBAL VEGETABLE CHIPS MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
9.2 Company Market Ranking
9.3 Key Development Strategies
10 COMPANY PROFILES
10.1 Hain Celestial
10.1.2 Financial Performance
10.1.3 Product Outlook
10.1.4 Key Developments
10.2 The Better Chip
10.2.2 Financial Performance
10.2.3 Product Outlook
10.2.4 Key Developments
10.3.2 Financial Performance
10.3.3 Product Outlook
10.3.4 Key Developments
10.4 OUR LITTLE REBELLION
10.4.2 Financial Performance
10.4.3 Product Outlook
10.4.4 Key Developments
10.5 Walkers Crisps
10.5.2 Financial Performance
10.5.3 Product Outlook
10.5.4 Key Developments
10.6.2 Financial Performance
10.6.3 Product Outlook
10.6.4 Key Development
10.7 Wai Lana Productions
10.7.2 Financial Performance
10.7.3 Product Outlook
10.7.4 Key Developments
10.8 AIB Foods
10.8.2 Financial Performance
10.8.3 Product Outlook
10.8.4 Key Developments
10.9.2 Financial Performance
10.9.3 Product Outlook
10.9.4 Key Development
10.10 The Forager Foods
10.10.2 Financial Performance
10.10.3 Product Outlook
10.10.4 Key Development
11.1 Related Research
Report Research Methodology
Verified Market Research uses the latest researching tools to offer accurate data insights. Our experts deliver the best research reports that have revenue generating recommendations. Analysts carry out extensive research using both top-down and bottom up methods. This helps in exploring the market from different dimensions.
This additionally supports the market researchers in segmenting different segments of the market for analysing them individually.
We appoint data triangulation strategies to explore different areas of the market. This way, we ensure that all our clients get reliable insights associated with the market. Different elements of research methodology appointed by our experts include:
Exploratory data mining
Market is filled with data. All the data is collected in raw format that undergoes a strict filtering system to ensure that only the required data is left behind. The leftover data is properly validated and its authenticity (of source) is checked before using it further. We also collect and mix the data from our previous market research reports.
All the previous reports are stored in our large in-house data repository. Also, the experts gather reliable information from the paid databases.
For understanding the entire market landscape, we need to get details about the past and ongoing trends also. To achieve this, we collect data from different members of the market (distributors and suppliers) along with government websites.
Last piece of the ‘market research’ puzzle is done by going through the data collected from questionnaires, journals and surveys. VMR analysts also give emphasis to different industry dynamics such as market drivers, restraints and monetary trends. As a result, the final set of collected data is a combination of different forms of raw statistics. All of this data is carved into usable information by putting it through authentication procedures and by using best in-class cross-validation techniques.
Data Collection Matrix
|Perspective||Primary Research||Secondary Research|
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Our analysts offer market evaluations and forecasts using the industry-first simulation models. They utilize the BI-enabled dashboard to deliver real-time market statistics. With the help of embedded analytics, the clients can get details associated with brand analysis. They can also use the online reporting software to understand the different key performance indicators.
All the research models are customized to the prerequisites shared by the global clients.
The collected data includes market dynamics, technology landscape, application development and pricing trends. All of this is fed to the research model which then churns out the relevant data for market study.
Our market research experts offer both short-term (econometric models) and long-term analysis (technology market model) of the market in the same report. This way, the clients can achieve all their goals along with jumping on the emerging opportunities. Technological advancements, new product launches and money flow of the market is compared in different cases to showcase their impacts over the forecasted period.
Analysts use correlation, regression and time series analysis to deliver reliable business insights. Our experienced team of professionals diffuse the technology landscape, regulatory frameworks, economic outlook and business principles to share the details of external factors on the market under investigation.
Different demographics are analyzed individually to give appropriate details about the market. After this, all the region-wise data is joined together to serve the clients with glo-cal perspective. We ensure that all the data is accurate and all the actionable recommendations can be achieved in record time. We work with our clients in every step of the work, from exploring the market to implementing business plans. We largely focus on the following parameters for forecasting about the market under lens:
- Market drivers and restraints, along with their current and expected impact
- Raw material scenario and supply v/s price trends
- Regulatory scenario and expected developments
- Current capacity and expected capacity additions up to 2027
We assign different weights to the above parameters. This way, we are empowered to quantify their impact on the market’s momentum. Further, it helps us in delivering the evidence related to market growth rates.
The last step of the report making revolves around forecasting of the market. Exhaustive interviews of the industry experts and decision makers of the esteemed organizations are taken to validate the findings of our experts.
The assumptions that are made to obtain the statistics and data elements are cross-checked by interviewing managers over F2F discussions as well as over phone calls.
Different members of the market’s value chain such as suppliers, distributors, vendors and end consumers are also approached to deliver an unbiased market picture. All the interviews are conducted across the globe. There is no language barrier due to our experienced and multi-lingual team of professionals. Interviews have the capability to offer critical insights about the market. Current business scenarios and future market expectations escalate the quality of our five-star rated market research reports. Our highly trained team use the primary research with Key Industry Participants (KIPs) for validating the market forecasts:
- Established market players
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The aims of doing primary research are:
- Verifying the collected data in terms of accuracy and reliability.
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Industry Analysis Matrix
|Qualitative analysis||Quantitative analysis|
Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the epidemic has spread to nearly every country across the globe with the World Health Organization (WHO) announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Our research shows that outperformers seek growth in every dimension which is core expansion, geographic, up and down the value chain, and in adjacent spaces.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every industry such as Aerospace & Defence, Agriculture, Food & Beverages, Automobile & Transportation, Chemical & Material, Consumer Goods, Retail & eCommerce, Energy & Power, Pharma & Healthcare, Packaging, Construction, Mining & Gases, Electronics & Semiconductor, Banking Financial Services & Insurance,ICT and many more.
The population around the globe had restricted themselves going out of their home and edge towards confining themselves to their homes which is impacting all the market negatively or positively.According to the current market situation, the report further assesses the present and future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall market, giving more reliable and authentic projections
The spread of coronavirus has crippled the entire world. Nearly all countries have imposed lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. This has resulted in disruptions of supply chains. The pandemic has changed common systems around the world.
As the effect of COVID-19 spreads, the overall market has been impacted by COVID-19 and the growth rate has also been impacted in 2019-2020. Our latest research, perspectives, and insights on the management issues that matter most to the companies and organization about the market, which is leading through the COVID-19 crisis to managing risk and digitizing operations to deliver trusted information and experiences to the decision makers.
Market Forecast Related Considerations
- Impact on each country and various region
- Change in supply chain related operation
- Positive and negative scenarios of the market during the ongoing pandemic
- Impact on various sectors facing the greatest drawbacks are manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and retail and consumer goods | <urn:uuid:cf2fa553-0b32-4a35-86c3-1a67d62eed72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/vegetable-chips-market/?utm_source=Energysiren&utm_medium=009 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.913348 | 4,492 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Have you been curious about most of the hoopla with Hemp CBD ? Here is a minuet area of the enormous quantity of information I’ve discovered exploring Hemp CBD cbd products wholesale.
The economic market implies that it’s even more lucrative compared to the Colorado silver rush that lasted from January 24, 1848 through 1855. A new study performed by Forbes suggests that Hemp CBD market can reach 20 Million Pounds by 2024.
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Hemp Oil and CBD Oil both are manufactured from the exact same plant though. Hemp oil is extremely valuable containing lots of anti-oxidants and omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Hemp oil is generally forced from the vegetables of the hemp plant, meaning it does not include the exact same quantity of cannabinoids present in CBD oil or Hemp Remove which are removed from the whole plant.
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Are you still curious about this incredible Hemp Seed? CBD oil employs the whole plant, while hemp oil originates from their seeds. CBD oil is made from a number of parts of the mature hemp seed including its stalks and flowers. In order to get CBD and other substances from the seed, they should be divided in a procedure called removal
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Disclaimer. The info in report is from my research and the factual statements about this HEMP CBD phenomena are slowing emerging. | <urn:uuid:4d7694e1-d7b6-4237-a072-9265c65bdbde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barcelonacyclechic.com/some-standard-details-of-marijuana-and-cannabis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952693 | 609 | 1.726563 | 2 |
While questions remain over the limits of President Donald Trump's recent federal hiring freeze, a larger reshaping of the executive branch is underway.
The Jan. 23 executive order institutes the freeze for 90 days, pending a plan from the directors of the Office of Management and Budget and the Office of Personnel Management "to reduce the size of the federal government's workforce through attrition."
While the hiring freeze has garnered headlines for its loosely-interpreted exemptions of national security and public safety needs, all eyes will be on the OMB plan and what it prioritizes for the federal workforce.
"The impact that this executive order will have in actually doing that is very much up in the air. The more important thing is the Phase 2, which is the creation of the downsizing plan," said Don Kettl, a professor at the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
"What kind of plan will it be in trying to reduce the size of the federal government through attrition? That really raises two questions: First, does the size of the federal workforce need to be reduced. And the second is, if you are going to reduce it, does it make sense to do it through attrition?"
By using attrition as a tool to whittle down the workforce, the Trump administration would be trying to leverage the increasing number of federal employees eligible for retirement to achieve its goals.
Some estimates have pegged the eligible number of retirees at 40 percent of the total workforce by 2020, which would accomplish the Trump administration’s goal, but runs the risk leaving a very large skills gap.
"The one thing we know about doing it through attrition is that you are never going to end up with the kind of workforce that you need because the people that are leaving aren’t necessarily the jobs you need to replace," Kettl said. "And the jobs you need to replace aren’t necessarily matched by the people who are leaving."
Another feature of the hiring freeze is that it gives the OPM director authority to make exemptions to hiring authority and doesn’t prohibit "making reallocations to meet the highest priority needs and to ensure that essential services are not interrupted and national security is not affected."
If the anticipated OMB plan also includes such concessions, agencies will likely to have to make targeted cases for exemptions to hire in needed positions, such as cyber or information technology roles.
"What you typically find at programs such as [Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation] or Einstein at the Department of Homeland Security, you are going to have attrition rates of somewhere between 25-33 percent just generally," said Chris Cummiskey, a former acting undersecretary for management at the Department of Homeland Security under President Barack Obama.
"So I think that IT and cyber [managers] will be very sensitive to making sure they are filling those positions in the short run, because you really don’t know what this is going to end up looking like after the 90 days."
While the Trump hiring freeze may actually lead to run of agency officials seeking hiring exemptions, OMB nominee Mick Mulvaney will have the difficult task of trying to manage workforce expectations while weighing the roles the workforce of the future will need fulfilling.
"If you look at what would be required to be tougher on cybersecurity, if you look at what would be required to build a new wall — that’s really an acquisitions problem," Kettl said.
"If you look at what a replacement of the Affordable Care Act will mean — it won’t mean zero federal role. It’s going to mean a different federal role, depending on what the Republicans have in mind, and that in turn is going to require a collection of highly-skilled workers who are out there who know how to manage these very complex relationships with private insurance companies. Trying to manage your way to that through attrition-based strategies could prove very difficult." | <urn:uuid:cc6960b1-8331-40a3-971d-cd911e79444b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.federaltimes.com/management/2017/01/30/forget-the-hiring-freeze-omb-plan-could-alter-the-workforce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.964485 | 809 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Please note! This essay has been submitted by a student.
Cicero once said “…the greater the difficulty, the greater the glory.” The more of a struggle something is, the bigger the reward will be. This is a false statement because the more challenging something is, the more you have to suffer through it. This doesn’t mean that the end result will always be rewarding. In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller uses characterization and conflict to show how the struggles in Willy’s life resulted in bad rather than good. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses flashbacks and symbolism to show how the challenges that came along with Gatsby’s past and him trying to be with Daisy did not end up rewarding at all in the end.
In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller characterizes Willy as a character who is going through many struggles in his life. Such as the turbulent relationship between him and his son Biff and how he struggles to earn a lot of money from his job as a salesman. Biff and Willy used to be very close and Willy even considered him to be his “golden boy”. But their relationship goes completely downhill when Biff goes to the hotel that Willy is staying at in Boston to tell him he flunked math. Biff catches Willy having an affair with another woman and becomes very upset. After that, he is no longer able to trust his father and is angry with him. Willy was also very upset by this. Willy’s job as a salesman has been very difficult for him. He does not make a sufficient amount of money to properly support his family and must borrow money from his neighbor, Charley every week to make it seem as though he made some money. Eventually, Willy gets fired from his job, which causes him to become even more upset. The only way Willy can deal with his struggles is to commit suicide. The challenges that he went through in his life did not do any good for him.
Miller also uses conflict to show how Willy’s inner conflict did not have a big reward, but resulted in a tragic way. Willy is constantly having an inner struggle due to his problems with life and his flashbacks. They have caused him to have conflicting thoughts. Such as him deciding if he should kill himself or not and how he is always contradicting himself. From the beginning of the book, it is evident that Willy wants to end his life. When Biff and Happy propose the idea of the sporting equipment company they called “The Loman Brothers”, Willy no longer had suicidal thoughts and becomes much happier. He is happy up until Howard no longer wants him to work for him. He then begins to have suicidal thoughts once again. Willy is always contradicting himself. Such as when he calls Biff lazy and moments later claims that Biff is hardworking. It is clear from when he says those things that he is always having a conflict with himself. Willy did not gain anything from his difficulties throughout the book. He just ended up killing himself.
In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses flashbacks to show the difficulties that Gatsby has faced in the past. The flashbacks show that Gatsby originally grew up poor. He wanted to become rich and successful and ended up completely changing his name from James Gatz to Jay Gatsby in an attempt to cover up his past. However, this is not a good thing. Once Nick begins to get suspicious of Gatsby, it starts to become evident that he is trying to cover up his past.While some things remain true, others are lies. Like when he lied about going to Oxford. The truth is he only went for a short amount of time. He lies about his money being inherited from his family. He actually earned it all himself. Although it may seem that Gatsby did gain a lot from his new persona, it has actually caused even more difficulties than it solved.
F. Scott Fitzgerald also uses symbolism to show the struggle of Gatsby wanting to be with Daisy. Daisy is already married and has a child with another Tom. Gatsby disregards her existing relationship and wants to be in a relationship with her.The green light on Daisy’s dock in East Egg symbolises Gatsby’s dream of getting Daisy, although he can’t get her. Gatsby tries everything he can to impress her and try to get with her. He throws parties in hopes that Daisy will show up and makes them the way that he imagines she would like it. Gatsby does not realize that Daisy has put him in the past and has moved on, which is why his dream of being with Daisy is very difficult. The challenge of Gatsby trying to be with Daisy has not rewarded him, but rather killed him.
The more of a challenge something is, the better the reward will be. Difficult situations don’t always have good outcomes. Not every situation turns out to be successful. Arthur Miller uses characterization and conflict in Death of a Salesman to show this by how Willy has many struggles in life and have not had a good outcome, instead he committed suicide. F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby uses flashbacks and symbolism to show how Gatsby’s difficulties with his past and Daisy have caused him to be killed rather than anything good. | <urn:uuid:dd5a00ab-ae7d-4723-b24d-75b8df385116> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eduzaurus.com/free-essay-samples/willy-lomans-struggle-depicted-in-characterization-and-dispute-and-gatsbys-challenges-shown-in-symbolism-and-flashbacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.990151 | 1,152 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Lieut.-Colonel Guy Mortimer Coleridge DAVIDGE, D.S.O.
Commanded the 1st Battalion Worcestershire Regiment from March 1917 to May 1918.
Commanded the 2nd Battalion Worcestershire Regiment from 1921 to 1925.
Commanded the 3rd Battalion Worcestershire Regiment from 1915 to July 1916.
Guy Mortimer Coleridge Davidge was born in Woolwich in 1878.
Colonel Davidge first joined the Worcestershire Regiment in 1898. He served as a subaltern in the Mounted Infantry of the 2nd Battalion in the South African War, taking part in the sharp little action at "Worcester Kopjes" (Slingersfontein), of which a printing now hangs in the Officers' Mess. After that war he was for a time at the Depot, and then served with the 1st Battalion in the Isle of Wight, 1911-1912 ; towards the close of the latter year he was appointed Adjutant of the 7th Battalion at Kidderminster. He was still holding that appointment when the War broke out in 1914.
With the 1/7th Battalion he proceeded to France at the beginning of April, 1915. At first the Territorial Battalions had a fairly quiet time of trench warfare in the Ploegsteert area, a fairly quiet time during which the young Battalions found their feet and established the spirit and the discipline which was afterwards to win them high honour both in France and in Italy. In this initial training the Adjutants of the Battalions bore no small part.
In the winter of 1915 the Territorial Battalions were transferred from Flanders to Picardy, and experienced much bitter weather and trying work in the trenches of the Somme area.
Before the end of the year the command of the 3rd Battalion of the Regiment fell vacant by the promotion of Colonel Hankey, and Colonel Davidge was transferred to fill the vacancy.
With the 3rd Battalion came his first big engagements in the Vimy Ridge fighting of the Spring of 1916. This was a very unpleasant warfare, of which the dominant feature was mining and countermining on the slopes of the famous Ridge, with incessant small attacks and counter-attacks; throughout this fighting the Colonel proved on many occasions his moral courage, no less than his physical bravery and determination. Three weeks of bitter and indecisive fighting cost the Battalion no fewer than 11 officers and 300 men, but their confidence in their leader was never shaken.
Lieut.-Col. G. M. C. Davidge, DSO
From Vimy the 3rd Battalion was sent down south to join the great concentration of troops then assembling for the Battles of the Somme.
During the first few days pf that great struggle, the 3rd Worcestershire were in reserve, but the Battalion was brought up on July 4th into the fierce fighting at the Leipzig Salient in front of Thiepval. Here for two days (July 6th and 7th) the 3rd Worcestershire fought fiercely, losing nearly 200 of all ranks before they were relieved. Thence the Battalion was moved a few miles to the southward to take part in the desperate fighting then in progress around Ovillers.
At Ovillers the good leadership of Colonel Davidge had decisive results, for under his command the 3rd Battalion seized and held a trench junction near Pozieres, East of Ovillers, which movement had the effect of practically isolating the latter village and compelling its eventual surrender to the Territorials of the 48th Division, including his old comrades of the 7th Battalion, which was then attacking the village from the south. But on July 13th, before the village actually surrendered, Colonel Davidge himself was hit and badly wounded.
Early in March, 1917, the Colonel returned to France, this time to the 1st Battalion. He took over command just after the brilliant little action at Bouchavesnes, and commanded during the difficult series of operations by which the British forces followed up the German retreat to the Hindenburg line, boldly risking his life on more than one occasion during the skirmishing in bitter weather around Vancelette Farm. Then the Battalion was sent north into the Ypres Salient to take part in the great offensive which was to fight its way forward to Passendaele.
The first day of that great offensive was one of the most brilliant in the history of the old 29th. The Battalion went forward with splendid dash from the British front line in Sanctuary Wood, swept across the Menin Road, capturing many prisoners, and reached its allotted objective on the slope facing Westhoek. Then it was found that the troops on the right had failed; the Battalion formed a defensive flank facing right, and held its ground under heavy fire and in pouring rain until duly relieved—the relieving Battalion being, curiously enough, the Colonel's former command the 3rd Battalion of the Regiment. That fierce day's work won Colonel Davidge the D. S. O. (London Gazette, 9th January 1918). His citation read: "Maj. (A./Lt.-Col.) Guy Mortimer Coleridge Davidge, Worc. R. -For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. When the right flank of his brigade had become exposed he was ordered to form a defensive flank with his battalion. This he did with the utmost skill and success, thereby enabling the troops on his left to maintain the ground they had gained. He visited the position taken by the battalion under very heavy machine gun and shell fire, displaying splendid coolness and disregard of personal safety."
The 1st Worcestershire had lost heavily in the battle, and were subsequently sent down to a quieter area to re-form. The ensuing winter proved severe, and during it the Colonel's health broke down. He was invalided to England, where for some time he commanded a young soldiers' battalion of the K.O.Y.L.I.
March, 1918, brought the great German offensive. The 1st Worcestershire lost heavily in the heroic fighting of the great retreat. Reinforcements were sent out, and with them went Colonel Davidge. He again took over command of the 1st Battalion in the trenches in front of Amiens at Villers Bretonneux. There, on April 24th, 1918, the enemy made a sudden fierce attack, using tanks for the first time. In this fight the Colonel was at one time in great danger from a hostile tank; but the attack was successfully repulsed after a fight in which the Worcestershire gained great credit. But the 8th Division was by then so weakened that it was decided to transfer it to the supposedly tranquil sector on the Aisne.
The Aisne, however, was to prove the reverse of tranquillity. Hardly had the 8th Division settled down in that pleasant land when the enemy began there the last and swiftest of his offensives. At dawn on May 27th the enemy attacked in overwhelming strength, and by noon of that day all the nine battalions of the 8th Division had been practically annihilated. To endeavour to stay the further advance of the enemy a temporary line was formed of all such details of the Division as had not been involved in the general catastrophe; with these was Colonel Davidge, who, by fortunate accident, had been sick and back in the transport lines at the moment of the attack. Rallying around him such remnants of the Battalion as he could collect, the Colonel inspired their resistance during the days which followed.
Fighting desperately a continuous series of rearguard actions, the remnants of three British Divisions were driven back step by step from the Aisne to the Vesle and then across the high ridges which separate that river from the valley of the Ardre. Three days and nights that fight lasted, three days and nights of incessant strain and peril, during which the Colonel had at least one miraculous escape from death or capture.
On 27th May 1918, the culminating day of that retreat, Colonel Davidge was with Colonel Grogan in that last amazing fight on the Boulease Ridge, Aisne, when Colonel Grogan rallied his exhausted men by boldly riding up and down the firing line under the close fire of the enemy. Colonel Grogan was awarded the V.C. His no less indomitable companion Colonel Davidge received a bar to his D.S.O. He was three times mentioned in despatches.
This was the Colonel's last fight. Reinforcements had been brought up, and a firm line established south of the Ardre. Behind that line the remnants of the 8th Division were withdrawn to reorganise, and in that new position Colonel Davidge was once more badly wounded on May 30th by a chance shell.
This wound kept the Colonel at home until the War was over. On recovery he re-joined the 3rd Battalion as Second-in-command until November, 1921, when he took over command of the 2nd Battalion in Dublin.
2nd Battalion Worcestershire Regiment, Cricket 1st., XI (1925)
Back standing L to R: C.S.M. Jones (Umpire), Cpl. Cartwright, L/Cpl. Cronin, C.S.M. Cooper, Lieut. Bone,
Lieut. Parkinson, Sgt. Johnson, C.Q.M.S. Churches (Scorer).
Front sitting L to R: Pte. Long, Lieut. Burlton, Lieut.-Col. Davidge, Capt. Pelly, Capt. Sheppard, L/Cpl. Clarke.
Colonel Davidge commanded the 2nd Battalion from 1921 to 1925, when he retired. Colonel Davidge was a keen athlete, cricketer and a first-class tennis player.
Lieut.-Colonel G. M. C. Davidge, D.S.O. died at home in Hove on the 17th February 1956, aged 77. Brigadier H. U. Richards, C.B.E., D.S.O., represented the Worcestershire Regiment at the funeral which took place at Brighton on the 22nd February 1956. | <urn:uuid:aa6b4b76-fa8f-404b-9e06-35cbb6ada7dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.worcestershireregiment.com/o_davidge.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.982644 | 2,128 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Math Lessons for a Living Education: Level 2 (Download)
For Ages 6-8
Math Lessons for a Living Education: Level 2 brings concepts to life through a Charlotte Mason flavor of engaging stories, hands-on experience, and practical application. Your second grade-level student will learn word problems, skip counting, bar graphs, place values, units of measurement, telling time, and more. The lessons are designed to be fun and build confidence. They can be completed in 30 minutes and are scheduled 5 days a week over 36 weeks. Teacher’s instruction is included in the text.
* Disclaimer: We have received reports that when viewing this PDF in a web browser that sometimes the browser does not render the font correctly and there will be missing letters in words which make you think there are several misspellings. We highly recommend viewing this PDF with Adobe Acrobat Reader which is a free download. This will solve the problem caused by the web browser.
Math Made Exciting
Math Lessons for a Living Education Level 2 teaches math concepts through engaging, real-life stories and practical application because math is all around us in daily life! This story-based approach encourages your student to participate in the story, make mathematical connections, explore the world around them with Charlie & Charlotte, and learn how they can put math to work in their own lives!
In Level 2, your student joins Charlie and Charlotte for continuing adventures & learning opportunities! Together they’ll learn about numbers, place value, addition & subtraction, seasons, and geography while also developing important character traits as they expand their math skills to solve real-life problems!
Math Lessons for a Living Education Level 2 teaches through:
- Short, story based lessons
- Real life application
- Hands-on activities
- Engaging, full color worksheets
Students learn best and retain more when they are engaged in the material and actively applying concepts to everyday life—Math Lessons for a Living Education engages your student through exciting stories and teaches them how to apply mathematical concepts through everyday life situations—allowing your student to learn smarter instead of harder!
Real Life, Real Math
In Math Lessons for a Living Education: Level 2, students learn math concepts such word problems, skip counting, bar graphs, place values, units of measurement, telling time, and more through exciting, real-world stories. As your student explores the world around them with Charlie & Charlotte, they discover how math is related to life in exciting—and sometimes unexpected ways!
This instructional method puts math into context for your student, which means they are diving deep to really understand both the mathematical concepts and their application to life outside the textbook.
A Unique Approach to Learning
A blend of stories, copy-work, oral narration, and hands-on experience brings the concepts to life, invites the student to explore the world around them, and gives this course a Charlotte Mason flavor.
In Math Lessons for a Living Education Level 2 your student will learn:
- How to Solve Word Problems
- Simple Fractions
- Double Digit Addition & Subtraction
- Carrying & Borrowing to the Tens' Place
- Place Value to Thousands
- Adding & Subtracting Change
- Measurements (gallons, quarts, pints, cups, pounds, & ounces)
- How to Read Bar & Line Graphs
- and so much more!
* A Math Lessons Readiness Test is available to help you determine if this level is best for your student. You will find it as a downloadable PDF on this page under the product image.
Math Lessons for a Living Education Level 2 Includes:
- Convenient Daily Schedule—saving you time!
- Short, engaging 15-30 minute lessons
- Full-color worksheets
- Link to downloadable answer key
- Manipulatives section
- Instructional blend of stories, copy work, oral narration, and hands-on experience to bring concepts to life
- Convenient perforated pages
- Recommended for: Grade 2 / 6 – 8 years old
- Designed for parent & child to work through together
- Teacher's guidance is offered throughout the workbook.
Table of Contents
- Using This Course
- Lesson 1: Place Value Village, Telling Time, Shapes and Patterns
- Lesson 2: Addition — Horizontal and Vertical Shapes
- Lesson 3: Subtraction
- Lesson 4: Writing Numbers to 100, Simple Fractions
- Lesson 5: Introducing Word Problems
- Lesson 6: Skip Counting by Using Dimes and Nickels, Minutes on the Clock
- Lesson 7: Skip Counting by 2, Review Even and Odd Numbers
- Lesson 8: Addition — Double Digit Plus Single Digit
- Lesson 9: Addition — Double Digit Plus Double Digit
- Lesson 10: Addition Review — All Concepts Learned
- Lesson 11: Introducing Measurement — Inches/Feet, Review Time and Shapes
- Lesson 12: Introducing Perimeter
- Lesson 13: Telling Time to the Minute
- Lesson 14: Place Value Village Practice — Place Value to the Thousands', Place
- Lesson 15: More Work with Subtraction
- Lesson 16: Introducing Addition with Carrying to the Tens', Place
- Lesson 17: Introducing Subtraction with Borrowing from the Tens', Place
- Lesson 18: Review of Regrouping Concepts
- Lesson 19: Understanding Dollars and Cents — Writing Money Terms
- Lesson 20: Review — Money
- Lesson 21: Introducing Thermometers and Other Gauges
- Lesson 22: Reading Bar Graphs and Line Graphs
- Lesson 23: More on Measurement — Pounds and Ounces
- Lesson 24: More Measurement Concepts — Gallons, Quarts, Pints, Cups
- Lesson 25: Review of Measurement
- Lesson 26: Adding Money — No Regrouping
- Lesson 27: Subtracting Money — Making Change
- Lesson 28: More Work with Word Problems
- Lesson 29: More Work with Telling Time
- Lesson 30: More Work with Measurement
- Lesson 31: Review of Place Value Through the Thousands', Place
- Lesson 32: Review of Word Problems — the Steps of Solving
- Lesson 33: Review of Adding and Subtracting — Double Digit Problems
- Lesson 34: Review of Money Concepts
- Lesson 35: Review of Time and Temperature
- Lesson 36: Review of Addition and Subtraction Fact Families
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From The Frontline: Dr. Jennifer Avegno
Health inequity is just one of the major issues that has been magnified by the COVID-19 crisis, but it’s one that Dr. Jennifer Avegno reckons with on a daily basis. She’s the director of the New Orleans Health Department, and since March, she’s become the public face of the city’s pandemic response. Dr. Avegno discusses her singular experience of the crisis in this edition of the Historic New Orleans Collection’s series, From The Frontline.
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How to Choose a Physical Therapist Program near Montrose 36559
Earning a physical therapist degree near Montrose AL is an important first step to launching a rewarding career in the health care field. Physical therapists (PT) help individuals who have been debilitated due to illness or injury regain mobility and function. But before they can practice and provide treatment for the rehabilitation of patients, they must receive the necessary education and training. A PT must also be licensed in every state, a large number requiring that the licensee earn a physical therapy degree from an accredited school. So prior to selecting a physical therapy school, it’s necessary to research the ones you are looking at to ensure they will supply a superior education and satisfy your state’s licensing requirements. What you should not do is select a school simply because it happens to be the nearest to your home or it has cheapest tuition. There are other significant qualifications that need to be considered besides cost and location. But before we talk about what those qualifications are and what questions you should ask, we’ll cover what a physical therapist does and what the educational options are.
What is a Physical Therapist’s Job Description?
Physical therapists work in varying locations, including Montrose AL private practices, hospitals, assisted living facilities, rehab centers and sports facilities. What the facilities all share in common is that they have the equipment for diagnosing and rehabilitating patients. As earlier touched on, physical therapists help individuals that are experiencing a lack of mobility and in many cases pain caused by injury or illness. After diagnosing a patient, they create a program of treatment to resolve the mobility problems and reduce or eliminate any pain. They also try to stop any progression of the disability. Although the causes of disability necessitating physical therapy are abundant, they include:
- Arthritis or Osteoporosis
- Car or motor cycle accidents
- Head injuries.
- Cardiac arrest.
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
- Burn injuries.
- Hip Replacement.
- Multiple Sclerosis.
Licensed physical therapists work in close association with other Montrose AL health specialists, including doctors, chiropractors, registered nurses and dentists. They may also manage several physical therapy assistants who work under them assisting with diagnosing and treating their patients. One thing to take note of for anyone considering getting into the physical therapy field, it is quite physically demanding. Physical therapists often lift patients and heavy equipment, and kneel, crouch and stand for extended periods of time on a daily basis.
Physical Therapist Degrees
There are three physical therapy degree options offered for students to enroll in at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Of these choices, the only degree that is attainable to become a physical therapist is the doctorate. Undergraduate degrees emphasize either training students to become a physical therapy assistant (PTA) or preparing them to progress to the doctoral level. Below are short descriptions of degree levels that are offered in the Montrose AL area:
- Associate Degrees prepare students to become physical therapy assistants, or may be used as a stepping stone to a more advanced degree. Applicants must have a high school diploma or equivalent to be accepted for enrollment. The programs are typically provided by junior or community colleges, and require 2 years for completion. An internship or other form of clinical training is normally part of the curriculum.
- Bachelor’s Degrees are designed as pre-physical therapist training to prepare students to move up to the doctoral level. While they are not a requirement to be qualified for the doctoral program, they are an integral first step to becoming a PT. As with most bachelor’s degrees, they typically take four years to complete and usually include an internship program of a minimum of 500 hours.
- Doctorate Degrees are required if you want to become a practicing licensed physical therapist. The degree program must also be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). After earning the bachelor’s degree, the doctoral takes 3 years to complete, making the total investment of time 7 years in most cases. Clinical training is an important component along with the substantial classroom and lab instruction. Therefor the fulfillment of an internship is required, not solely for graduation but in some states for licensing as well.
The Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) has replaced the Master’s of Physical Therapy (MPT), which has been phased out and is no longer offered in the United States. Some licensed physical therapists having a master’s or even a bachelor’s degree were “grandfathered” in prior to the current licensing mandate for a doctorate was instituted.
Physical Therapy Colleges Online
Although not as common as the on-campus alternatives, there are a number of accredited online physical therapist programs offered, even more at the graduate level. Due to the hands-on nature of the training, internships and clinical lab work are integrated with the online classes. This requires that the student live near the school campus or nearby an available internship. Fortunately, the online portion of the course of study may be accessed within the comfort and convenience of the student’s Montrose AL residence. Online schools are not only to some extent more accessible, but in a number of instances more affordable. Tuition may be significantly less than comparable on-campus alternatives, and costs for commuting are minimized. And a number of the online schools are accredited by the CAPTE, ensuring a quality education. These advantages may make the online option the best choice for those students that are disciplined enough to attend classes at home.
Subjects to Ask Physical Therapist Colleges
At this point you undoubtedly have come to decision regarding several of your preliminary questions, such as the kind of physical therapy degree you want to earn, where you prefer to attend classes, and how much you can afford to invest in your education. But since there are numerous PT schools within the Montrose AL area and throughout Alabama, you’ll need to explore additional qualifications as well in order to further reduce your list of college options. Furthermore, you want to make sure that you choose the school that is best for you. That’s why we have put together a list of critical questions that you must ask the physical therapy programs you are considering. Ask all of the competing schools these questions before making an ultimate decision.
Is the Physical Therapy Program Accredited? Ask if the schools you are reviewing have earned accreditation from a national or a regional organization. As earlier mentioned, if you are pursuing a doctorate the program must be accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE). If you select an online program, it can also earn accreditation from the Distance Education and Training Council. It’s important that both the physical therapist school and program you choose are accredited, not just the school. Also, check that the accreditation is through a U.S. Department of Education acknowledged accrediting organization. Along with guaranteeing that you receive a quality education, accreditation might be required for state licensing and even for getting student loans or financial aid.
What is the School’s Standing? Along with accreditation, it’s imperative that the college and program you pick have outstanding reputations within the physical therapy community. There are multiple ways you can investigate a PT college’s reputation, starting with asking for references from employers that they refer their students to. You can also check online rating services and reviews and ask the accrediting organizations for their reviews also. Get in touch with several Montrose AL physical therapy centers or other healthcare facilities that you may have an interest in working for and ask if they can offer any insight about your program selections. It might also be prudent to contact the Alabama Attorney General and school licensing authority to find out if any complaints have been submitted against the colleges.
What is the Program’s Job Placement Rate? There are a two relevant statistics that you should find out about each of the physical therapist schools you are reviewing. First is their graduation rate. A low rate may indicate that students left due to displeasure with the program, the instructors, or both. Once the students have graduated, what percentage of them are being hired with the help of the college’s job placement program, particularly in the Montrose AL area? If a program has a higher job placement rate, it’s an indication that its reputation within the healthcare field is good or perhaps outstanding. It also affirms that the school has a broad network of contacts to help students obtain internships or employment upon graduation.
Does the College Prepare You For Licensing Requirements? It’s essential that the college you enroll in furnishes both superior training and a curriculum that satisfies the licensing criteria for Alabama or the state where you will be practicing. In each state a passing score is required on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) in addition to a degree from an accredited physical therapist college. Although licensing requirements vary state by state for PT and PTA graduates, some states require a minimum number of clinical hours be completed as well as passing scores on supplemental exams.
Are Internships Sponsored? Find out if the physical therapy schools you are interested in have associations with Montrose AL hospitals or clinics for internship programs. Internships are not only a great manner to receive practical training in a clinical setting, they are also a requirement for the majority of PT programs and state licensing. As an ancillary benefit, they may assist students and graduates establish professional relationships in the Montrose healthcare community and assist with job placement after licensing.
What Size are the Classes ? Unless you are the type of person that likes to sit way in the rear of class or hide in the crowd, you will probably prefer a small class size. Small classes enable more individual participation and personalized instruction. Ask the physical therapy schools you are considering what the typical student to teacher ratio is for their classes. If practical you may prefer to sit in on one or more classes before making your ultimate decision. This will also give you a chance to speak with a few of the students and instructors to get their perspectives regarding the pharmacy tech program as well.
Where is the College Located? For a lot of students, the physical therapist school they pick will need to be within commuting distance of their Montrose AL home. Students who have opted to attend classes online obviously will not have to worry themselves with the location of the campus. However, the availability of local internships will be of concern. One thing to keep in mind is that if you choose to enroll in a program that is out of state or perhaps out of your local area, you might have to pay a higher tuition. State colleges generally charge higher tuitions for out of state residents. And community colleges normally charge a higher tuition for those students that don’t reside within their districts.
Is Financial Assistance Provided? Most DPT schools supply some form of financial support to their potential students. Ask if the colleges you are looking at have a financial aid department and see what type of assistance is obtainable. They at least should help in securing a student loan or any scholarships you may qualify for. Some physical therapist colleges provide scholarships, while others provide work programs. So before eliminating a school because the tuition is too expensive, ask what financial assistance may be available.
Can the Program Accommodate your Schedule? And last you must confirm that the physical therapy college you ultimately pick can provide the class schedule you need. This is especially essential if you choose to continue working while you attend school. If you need to schedule night or weekend classes in the Montrose AL area, verify that they are available. If you can only enroll on a part-time basis, verify if that is an alternative and how many courses or credit hours you would have to enroll in. Also, learn what the protocol is for making up any classes that you might miss due to work, illness or family obligations.
Earning Your Physical Therapy Degree near Montrose Alabama?
If you are planning on attending a Physical Therapy School in the Montrose AL area, the following information may prove to be both interesting and educational regarding the location of your future Alma Mater.
Montrose (/mɒnˈtroʊz/ mon-TROHZ, Scottish Gaelic: Monadh Rois) is a coastal resort town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. It is situated 38 miles (61 kilometres) north of Dundee between the mouths of the North and South Esk rivers. It is the northernmost coastal town in Angus and developed at a natural harbour that traded in skins, hides and cured salmon in medieval times.
With a population of approximately 12,000, the town functions as a port, but the major employer is GlaxoSmithKline, which was saved from closure in 2006. The skyline of Montrose is dominated by the 220-foot (67 m) steeple of Old and St Andrew's Church, designed by James Gillespie Graham and built between 1832 and 1834.
Montrose is a town with a wealth of architecture, and is a centre for international trade. It is an important commercial port for the thriving oil and gas industry. It is known for its wide thoroughfare and high street which leads to picturesque closes containing secluded gardens. The town has a view of a 2 mi (3 km) square tidal lagoon, Montrose Basin, which is considered a nature reserve of international importance. It is the largest inland salt water basin in the UK, and an important habitat for the mute swan. Just outside Montrose is the 18th-century House of Dun, designed by the Scottish architect William Adam and built in 1730 for David Erskine, 13th Laird of Dun.
Select the Right Physical Therapy Training Program near Montrose AL
Picking the right physical therapy program is an important first decision you must make to begin a fulfilling career in the health care profession. As we have covered in this article, the DPT or PT degree program and college you select should both have outstanding reputations and be accredited. But there are other critical questions that you should ask regarding your college of choice as well. As you begin your search for a physical therapist college, bear in mind that numerous factors will lead you to your final decision. You might decide to go to different colleges to view their facilities and speak to active DPT students. While there, ask yourself this critical question: will this program help me achieve my goal of becoming a practicing licensed physical therapist? By following our list of additional questions, you will be able to narrow down the options so you can make the best selection. And with the proper training and education, you can accomplish your dream to become a licensed physical therapist in Montrose AL.
A Few More Interesting Locations in Alabama
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Top 10 ideas to Celebrate Women’s Day at Work
|Celebrate Women’s Day. Photo: edgepicture|
International Women’s Day (IWD) is a global day celebrating the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women.
The day also marks a call to action for accelerating gender parity. In this article, we share 10 excellent ways that you, your team, and your community can celebrate International Women’s Day this year and do your part to advocate for gender equality.
1. #ChooseToChallenge and show your support on social
This year’s official International Women’s Day theme (2021) is #ChooseToChallenge. It’s a call-to-action to challenge the status quo by raising awareness against bias, celebrating women's achievement, and taking action for equality.
One simple, yet impactful way to celebrate International Women’s Day this year is to show your commitment to challenging inequality by taking part in the #ChooseToChallenge social media campaign. Take a photo of yourself raising your hand high and share it on your preferred social media platform(s) using #ChooseToChallenge and #IWD2021, according to Workflowmax.
2. Decorate the building and the office
Sometimes, the journey is the destination. How about building up the excitement to the big day by getting everyone involved in it? Instead of outsourcing the work of putting up buntings, balloons, and banners, break-up employees into smaller teams and give them different responsibilities. Don’t forget to include display posters that document stories of inspirational women as a part of this!
An example for you to decor is Planning an IWD library display. It doesn't have to be an actual library. If you don't have an office library, simply pick a cozy corner in the pantry and add a shelf. Some ideas for setting up the display include:
- Locate your IWD display in a high-traffic area to support awareness-raising.
- Feature classics by female authors, modern literature by and about women, and an assortment of biographies about great women in history.
- Provide exciting materials about great inventions and discoveries by women.
- Celebrate women's achievements via incorporating materials in the display featuring great female role models throughout history.
Some books you can include in the library are:
- Becoming, by Michelle Obama
- D-Day Girls, by Sarah Rose
- No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference, by Greta Thunberg
- In Pursuit of Disobedient Women, by Dionne Searcey
- Career Girls: Cautionary Tales for the Working Woman, by Ms T. McGill
- Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men, by Caroline Criado Perez
- Nancy: The Story of Lady Astor, by Adrian Fort
3. Announce a color or dress code for the day
Encourage everyone at the office (not just the women) to turn up wearing a beautiful shade of pink or purple or follow a particular dress code. Colors add a dash of life to everything that we do – and what better way to show solidarity with all the women in office, than if everyone including senior management turns up in the same color, Focusu suggested.
We might be barely getting dressed at all right now, but this IWD encourages the whole team (men included) to switch up their go-to loungewear for Geri Halliwell’s Union Jack body con dress or Emmeline Pankhurst’s sash. Alternatively, organize a team-wide Suffragette White dress code.
4. Advocate for gender equality in your workplace
In 2021, women are facing new challenges at work as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. According to the McKinsey report, Women in the Workplace 2020, women in the United States – especially women of color – are more likely to have been laid off or furloughed, or driven to consider leaving their careers due to the increased responsibility of managing household and childcare responsibilities.
To ensure that women continue to progress toward gender equality at work, it’s essential that businesses create inclusive working environments. This International Women’s Day, examine your company’s policies and/or challenge your business leaders to ensure that women receive fair and equitable support at work. As a starting point, look at policies related to the following areas:
- Diversity and inclusion training for recruitment and hiring employees
- Equitable parental leave
- Flexible work scheduling
- Programs to advance women in leadership positions
- Mentorship or coaching opportunities for women
Without equal inclusion of women in business, education, health, and politics, we will not be able to solve the world’s most pressing problems and achieve a prosperous, vibrant future.
|Women’s Day: Top 50 Best Wishes, Messages for Female Colleagues|
5. Enter a Competition
The International Women’s Day website lists an exciting selection of competitions anyone can enter, from photography, to cake decorating and design:
- Bake a cake: You or your company or nonprofit can design a cake that fits this year’s theme: just snap a photo and send it in. The deadline is ongoing.
- Photography: Take a photo that represents this year’s theme. For 2020, entries will be accepted between March 1 and 31.
- Rap: Write a rap centered on this year’s theme and upload your performance to YouTube. Top submissions will be featured on social leading up to the big day. Deadline is ongoing.
- Street art: Show off your themed community murals on instagram! There are 3 categories you can enter with varying deadlines, so you’ll wanna get an early start.
- Typography: Celebrate with type! There are 3 categories to enter in 2020 with varying deadlines, and 3 winners chosen worldwide per category, Givingassistant cited.
6. Host an Event or Party
This is a great idea whether you want to put something together for your workplace, community, or with your friends! The best part: The IWD organization already has the decorations covered, If they’re out of stock, no worries: Just stick to the color purple, the official shade of the day.
Here are some IWD party ideas:
- Host a corporate party to recognize women employees’ achievements.
- Host a community or block party to recognize women’s achievements locally, as well as educate everyone on how they can support gender equality in the neighborhood.
- Get together with friends and volunteer together, watch movies directed by women, or shop for women-owned businesses.
- Have fun, learn, celebrate, and express gratitude for the women that have brought us here. No budget necessary for that one!
7. Put a spotlight on the outstanding women at work
You're probably already giving out monthly and annual awards as part of your rewards and recognition program. So, why not one especially for IWD too?
Put this down to a nomination and let all employees share stories of the inspiring women in their team as well as their achievements in the past year.
Don't limit it to just the work-related KPIs. Also recognize their creativity, kindness, leadership skills, and effort to innovate (regardless of whether the project succeeded or not because it takes courage to try something new).
Share this via email or on the intranet, and even on your organization's social media channels as a way to highlight these champions, and of course, build your employer brand, Humanresourcesonline wrote.
8. Meaningful Gifts
Everyone loves gifts regardless of where they are on the corporate ladder. Gift each of the women in the office a bouquet of flowers, a card, and a bar of chocolate to make them feel special. You could also surprise them with gift vouchers for a dinner with family at an upmarket restaurant or shopping at a boutique.
Present your women employees with a memento in which their photos have been customized and printed, as a special remembrance to mark the day. Alternatively, you could also hand out personalized diaries, listing the names of all the women achievers in the organization and specially autographed by one such achiever.
9. The classic 'thank you' note
There's nothing like a classic 'thank you' note to set the tone for your IWD celebration. As we're now in the digital age, this is not limited to a physical card; it can also be in the form of a shout-out, a thoughtfully-crafted email, or a shareable social media card.
Don't have time to create a template? No problem - we've got you covered. Websites such as Greetings Island and Canva have plenty of beautiful free templates for you to choose from that can be printed out or shared via email or on various social media sites. If you're looking for a more official look, the official IWD website has a #EachforEqual branded social media card that is available for LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
10. Team Outing
Similar to volunteering, International Women’s Day can be a perfect time to help reinforce team cohesion with a team-building activity, especially if it relates to gender equality or International Women’s Day itself.
For example, AXA XL's Women of the World (WoW) Bermuda chapter staff completed a large jigsaw puzzle with the 2018 International Women’s Day theme, #PressforProgress, printed on it. Not only did this help team collaboration, but the company said it also symbolized that everyone can play a part in working for gender balance.
The official International Women’s Day organization also runs a “best practices” competition, where organizations can enter themselves to win based on their activities. This can take teambuilding to a new level by rallying employees around your organization’s activities on this day, TINYpulse recommended.
Nothing like arranging a special team outing for all the women in your team. But plan it meticulously to make it special. You could choose activities that challenge the norms about what women can do or cannot do…. Like, say the Velocipede Challenge or Pirate Gaming Challenge Or Wine Tasting Challenge! You could arrange for a stand-up comedy evening by a female comedian, centered around women’s themes. Or you could get an inspirational motivational speaker like Deeya Bajaj to share her experiences! You are limited only by your own imagination.
International Women’s Day
International Women’s Day (March 8) is a worldwide celebration of women’s achievements, as well as a day of education, empowerment, and action. Its purpose is to promote gender equality across the globe. It has been observed since 1911.
The 2021 theme is Women in leadership: Achieving an equal future in a COVID-19 world.” The theme celebrates the tremendous efforts by women and girls around the world in shaping a more equal future and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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One of our daughters enjoys running and was out one day, feeling at ease with herself and all the world, when she became aware of a beautiful rainbow arching overhead. She remembered God’s promise to Noah and, as many Christians do when they see rainbows, reminded herself that God is always faithful to His word. Sometime later, when life wasn’t quite so rosy, she was again running, and yet another rainbow appeared. It was as if God was saying to her, “Even though things aren’t so easy for you at the moment, I do not change, and My promises are still firm and sure.”
It is easy to say that we believe and trust in God’s promises when everything is going smoothly for us, but much more difficult when we are facing hardships and stresses in our lives. Corrie Ten Boom used to liken our lives to a tapestry, woven with many different coloured threads. We can only see the underside, which often looks tangled and knotted, but God can see the upper side in which all the threads blend together to make a perfect picture.
May I encourage those of you today, who may be going through difficult and stressful times, that God’s promises are sure. It’s not easy to hold on to those promises when life is hard and dark, but God says, ‘I know the plans I have for you, plans to prosper you and not to harm you’, (Jeremiah 29:11), and ‘I will never leave you, nor forsake you’, (Hebrews 13: 5b).
The Lord Jesus fulfilled the beautiful words written in Isaiah 42:3 ‘a bruised reed He will not break and a dimly burning wick He will not quench’ (Matthew 12:20). Know that God says this to you when you are when you go through those difficult times - “a bruised reed I will not break and a dimly burning wick I will not quench”.
Be encouraged with David who spoke of his total confidence that, ‘Although my father and mother have forsaken me, yet the Lord will take me up (adopt me as His child’, (Psalm 27: 10), and rest on the wonderful promise of Jesus to all His disciples, ‘surely I AM with you always to the very end of the age.’(Capitals mine).
Prayer: Dearest Father, there are times when I feel really down and far away from You. It’s hard to trust in Your promises at times like these, but I know that You never change – it’s me that changes. Please help me to place my feet on the solid rock of Your presence and faithfulness and know that You are always with me, no matter what is happening in my life. Thank You, dear Father, Amen.
Please feel free to use this devotional to send on to your friends or share with your church fellowship. Provided full acknowledgement is made to Seeds of the Kingdom as the source, you are also welcome to use it in a non-commercial way and reproduce it in magazines or other Christian websites. The copyright for any commercial use of the material remains with Ellel Ministries International. | <urn:uuid:6ea4cc06-c264-4f2b-afa6-80d6ec3eacd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ellel.org/usa/daily-devotionals/trusting-in-the-promises-of-god | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.96166 | 686 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Social protection, including child benefits, social pensions and other forms of cash transfers, is recognised as a key strategy to reduce poverty and reach many other of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As for which types of interventions are most effective, however, views differ.
Many people believe that ‘targeting the poor’ is the best means of ‘reaching the poor.’ The argument for this is often that efficient targeting, rather than broad or universal programmes, will maximise the impacts of limited development finance. Intuitively, this aligns well with the 2030 Agenda commitment to leave no one behind. But the research report Hit and miss: An assessment of targeting effectiveness in social protection, which examines over 30 social protection programmes in low- and middle-income countries, suggests otherwise.
The report shows that programmes targeted at those living in poverty exclude the majority of the intended recipients, while universal schemes are much more effective in reaching the poorest. Universal programmes are also more popular, which means that they are more likely to continue to be allocated adequate resources by governments than poverty-targeted schemes.
Stephen Kidd, one of the authors of the report, will present the policy context and results of the report, followed by a discussion with Sara Heikkinen Breitholz, Member of Parliament and of the Foreign Affairs Committee (Social Democratic Party), and Kenneth Nelson, Professor of Sociology at the Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University.
The seminar is organised by Act Church of Sweden and FUF, and will be moderated by Karin Klerby, FUF Board Member. Most welcome!
Dr Stephen Kidd is a Senior Social Protection Specialist at Development Pathways. He has engaged on social protection in over 30 countries across Africa, Asia, the Pacific and Latin America. His experience ranges from advisory support to national governments – including on policy development – designing social protection programmes, research on a wide range of topics, and training. He previously worked for DFID, including leading its Social Protection and Equity and Rights policy teams, was Director of Policy and Communications at HelpAge International and a lecturer in social anthropology at the University of Edinburgh.
Please note that the venue is located half a floor below street level with no elevator. The seminar is held in English. | <urn:uuid:a829dc40-8abf-499a-b6ab-367c18da83c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fuf.se/targeting-the-poorest-missing-the-mark/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.95116 | 460 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Thousands of people dressed in yellow-and-maroon shirts brought the Philippine capital to a standstill as they tried to touch or kiss a centuries-old black statue of Jesus Christ believed to have healing powers.
The length of the parade through Manila is less than 4 miles, but the entire route is so crowded it is expected to take about 20 hours. Expected turn around around 5 million Catholics
Some managed to clamber onto the carriage bearing the life-sized image of the “Black Nazarene,” while others threw towels to the people on the carriage so that they could wipe them on the statue for them. A Reuters journalist reported that people even jostled to touch the ropes pulling the carriage, “believing the slightest touch would bless and heal their illnesses.”
Hundreds of devotees are treated every year, mostly for minor injuries or heat exhaustion. Devotees have died in the crush in previous years.
The statue depicts Christ, crowned with thorns, carrying the cross on the way to his Crucifixion. Most devotees taking part in the procession walk barefoot in tribute.
History of the Statue The statue was carved in Mexico and brought to the Philippines in the 1600s when it was a Spanish colony. Mystery surrounds the statue’s color; one popular myth is that the ship carrying it caught fire, but the charred statue survived.
“Actually, the Black Nazarene has been black from the very beginning,” a theologian told CNN Philippines. Msgr. Sabino Vengco, from the Loyola School of Theology of the Ateneo de Manila University, flew to Mexico to conduct research on old religious icons in the Philippines. Vengco explained that the image was sculpted from mesquite wood, which is black to the core.
The statue paraded in the streets today is a replica, as the original statue was damaged and is now preserved in the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene. The statue of the Black Nazarene is also brought out in public on New Year’s Day and Good Friday. But the January 9 parade—known as the Traslacion, meaning Transfer—is the largest, attracting millions.
The Philippines is known for its unique brand of Catholicism, which includes folk superstitions and colorful religious rituals. Dozens of Filipinos have themselves nailed to crosses on Good Friday to emulate Christ’s suffering. | <urn:uuid:47cd6b0f-2e1c-47db-a43d-7c7879c76a9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://disisafrica.com/milions-on-the-street-of-manila-trying-to-touch-the-old-statue-of-black-jesus/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968608 | 501 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Mackinac Straits Raptor Watch conducts scientific studies of hawks and owls migrating through this region of northern Michigan and educates the public about the birds and their migration. We count northward-bound hawks in the spring and southward-bound hawks in the fall, and survey owls both spring and fall, recording and reporting the data for free professional and public access.
- To promote and conduct scientific research on the numbers and timing of migration of birds of prey and associated migrants in the Straits of Mackinac region of Michigan.
- Educate the public about birds of prey and the importance of the Straits of Mackinac as a migratory pathway.
- To aid conserving and protecting the resting and feeding stop-over habitat for birds of prey in the Straits of Mackinac region. | <urn:uuid:f7a4fe85-642e-4621-89fb-c7c8e74c9b63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mackinacraptorwatch.org/conservation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.913374 | 180 | 2.84375 | 3 |
About this building
The Church of Saint-Omer is located in Ochtezeele, in the Hauts-de-France region. Ochtezeele is one of the oldest villages in West Flanders. It was first mentioned in an address by Pope Honorius II in 1127. The church was built in the twelfth century, on the foundations of a former oratory, evidence of which can be seen in the western façade, which also the main example the Romanesque style.
The expansion of the building took place between the first third of the 15th century and the second half of the 16th century. Built on a church-hall plan, which is very popular in the coastal region, the church includes an octagonal bell tower which is one of the highest in Flanders. It was at this time also that the northern aisle was widened while keeping the south aisle and adding a triple apse. Only the little door of paradise with its broken arch lintel testifies to the reworking of the facings at the end of the 15th century.
Several objects are classified as Historical Monuments including: an altarpiece of the Virgin and four statues from the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a painting from the eighteenth century depicting St. Nicholas soothing the storm, a tribune organ classified in 1982, the pulpit from the eighteenth century and an eighteenth century choir fence. | <urn:uuid:f3120d18-d1f4-4932-80b8-864015e6a42e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://religiana.com/church-saint-omer-ochtezeele | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.972896 | 289 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Whitepaper #197 submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032. Topics: surface/geological evolution; other science themes: Impact cratering - All Aspects of Study; solar system formation, dynamics processes, and chronology
Impact cratering is a fundamental process within the Solar System, affecting every solid body. It is a diverse field, requiring spacecraft data, analysis, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations, terrestrial field work, and support from ancillary fields like computational mathematics and computer vision. Its support should be continued. | <urn:uuid:5d4559cc-e867-4888-83e9-cd65709eeb6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://baas.aas.org/pub/2021n4i197/release/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.8087 | 115 | 3.109375 | 3 |
What's The Different Between Hospital And Extras Cover?
When purchasing health insurance, the difference between hospital and extras cover can be confusing. Do you need both? What kind of extras are included? And why are there so many levels of cover?
The kind of health insurance that is best for you will depend on lots of factors, like your age, medical history, and any pre-existing conditions. It’s important to compare options to find the best deal for your circumstances, and to understand exactly what you’re paying for.
What Is Private Health Insurance Hospital Cover?
Hospital cover includes any treatment or procedures you receive as a patient in a hospital. This means that external healthcare – such as visits to a GP, specialist appointments, or things like dental check-ups and optometrist visits – are not covered.
Hospital cover comes in tiered categories, with each category including more services than the one beneath it. These have been standardised by the Federal Government, which means that no matter which insurer you choose, the services you receive on a specific tier won’t differ.
The tiers are called Basic, Bronze, Silver and Gold. Basic will give you cover for only the essentials, while Gold will cover you for most treatments and procedures.
What Does Hospital Cover Include?
Here are some common inclusions for each tier.
- Basic: tonsil removal, joint reconstructions, gastrointestinal endoscopy
- Bronze: brain-related, nervous system and blood conditions, chemotherapy, ear, nose and throat conditions
- Silver: heart and vascular, palliative care, diabetes management, medically required reconstructive surgery
- Gold: pregnancy and birth, assisted reproductive services, sleep studies, psychiatric services, rehabilitation, joint replacement.
What Is Private Health Insurance Extras Cover?
Extras cover refers to the additional medical treatment you receive outside a hospital. Some of this extra care is covered by Medicare and won’t require private health insurance, such as visits to a GP. An extras insurance policy commonly covers things like prescription glasses and contact lenses, physiotherapy, dental check-ups, and more.
There are tiers of extras cover, but these are not government mandated. This means that different providers will have varying offers. If there is a service that you are particularly interested in – for example, you wear glasses and know that you will need regular optometry – then you need to carefully check the policy you are purchasing to ensure your needs are covered.
What Does Extras Cover Include?
Different health insurance funds will include different extras in their choices of cover. Basic extras cover will often include general dental, physiotherapy, optical, podiatry and osteopathy. Gold extras cover can include all additional healthcare, such as occupational therapy, hearing aids, health management, and even travel and accommodation associated with essential medical or hospital treatment if you are unable to access this treatment where you live.
What Are Other Differences Between Hospital And Extras Cover?
There are other ways in which private health hospital and extras cover differ. For hospital cover, the government sets maximums on the waiting periods that funds can impose on different treatments. For extras, insurers set their own waiting periods. These are another important thing to look at when buying health insurance.
Hospital cover is more expensive than extras cover; however, this shouldn’t mean you choose to forgo hospital cover and just get extras insurance. Without private hospital cover, you can face long waiting times in the public system. Additionally, you need hospital cover to avoid the Medicare Levy Surcharge, which is a tax for people earning over $90,000 who don’t have health insurance. | <urn:uuid:1ae7b997-4bab-4671-8fc1-0015cf9aba8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.energyswitch.com.au/news-and-tips/what-s-the-different-between-hospital-and-extras-cover | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947701 | 750 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Canyon Conversations: Photos prompt detective work
A part of preserving history involves detective work.
That appeals to Santiam Historical Society President Diana Maul, who along with group member Terri Adams, stopped by Moxieberry in downtown Stayton Wednesday, Feb. 14, to share pieces of their ongoing investigations.
One project involved 50 photos recently printed from restored negatives that depicted an assortment of scenes, including logging, grain harvest, families and pets, coastal trips, Native Americans and even an elephant parade.
Another project spurred Maul into finding out more about Stayton High School’s class of 1941 valedictorian, Clell Crane, who was killed in World War II and buried at a U.S. cemetery in the Netherlands.
To illustrate the former, Maul spread a number of photos out on the table.
“Aren’t those cool?” Adams marveled at the photographic moments from more than a century past.
“It’s so exciting to see these images and to know they haven’t been seen for so long,” Maul said.
Adams found the negatives tucked into a niche above a transom when the society was moving from its former museum building to pave way for Stayton’s Municipal Court. Maul said the move, while essentially leaving the society homeless, is showing its silver lining in projects like this.
Grants from the city of Stayton and Pacific Power enabled the historians to get the negatives cleaned, printed and digitized. Maul has been working with Kylie Pine, curator and collections manager at Willamette Heritage Center, to extract what information they can from the photos.
“It seems that a lot of these were taken right around the turn of the century, judging by the clothing styles,” Maul said. “Trying to figure out what they are doing and who they are is what we are trying to do…We’re like detectives, finding out what we can.”
One fact they have ascertained is the family pug in a number of the photos is named Jasper. They’ve yet to identify the family, its connection to Stayton and why so many pictures were taken at the coast.
These 50 photos are the first collection; there are more coming among the 112 negatives found.
“The fact that we can reclaim any of them is amazing,” Maul said, noting that plans are to share some online as part of the detective work. “We get a lot of ‘that’s my grandfather’ or 'that’s my aunt.’ That’s how digitizing these and sharing can help.
“Our goal is not just to preserve and protect this history, but to share it.”
Maul is also digging up information to share about Crane, prompted by a letter from a volunteer for the U.S. World War II cemetery in Margraten, Netherlands, Teresa Hirsch, who is seeking a photo for a memorial she is preparing and described as, Walls of the Missing “Faces of Margarten.”
Maul planned to dig out a 1941 annual for the photo, but the research she had already done revealed Crane to be an artistically talented, high-achieving person who had prepared a memorial for a fallen soldier of the same war a couple of years before his own deployment.
“He sounds like he was a very capable, remarkable person,” Maul said. “It just touches your heart.”
Anthropologist and Native history researcher David Lewis will be the speaker at the next Santiam Historical Society meeting, 6 p.m. Tuesday, March 13, at the Stayton Public Library, 515 N. First Ave., Stayton.
Lewis is the owner of Ethnohistory Research, LLC, a professional consultant and project researcher whose ancestry includes Takelma, Chinook, Molalla and Santiam Kalapuya tribes.
Contact Santiam Historical Society at 503-769-1406, firstname.lastname@example.org or visit www.facebook.com/SantiamHistoricalMuseum.
The society also achieved digitation of historical local newspapers from the late 1880s through the spring of 1916, including the Stayton Mail, Stayton Times, Stayton Sun and Stayton Siftings, which can be perused at https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu.
GROW EDC updates
GROW EDC Executive Director Allison McKenzie stopped by with updates on the group’s early 2018 developments.
“We’re in the third week of our business speakers program for high school students in Mill City,” McKenzie said. “The speakers help Mill City students learn about opportunities that are different from those in their hometown.”
The students are given school assignments generated from the talks, and after spring break plans are to have field trips based on the students’ interest.
McKenzie said plans are also underway for the second River Fusion event; the first coincided with the solar eclipse last August.
Discussions about this year’s event will continue to involve outdoor enthusiasts from around the region, and thoughts have been kicked around about holding it later in September and having it stretched out over several days.
Contact GROW EDC at 5030871-5188; email@example.com.
Red Hat Strutters
The Red Hat Strutters will be at Moxieberry for its next luncheon, noon Wednesday, March 7, 429 N. Third Ave.
Margie Forrest announced that Jean Evett will hostess, and she can be contacted at 503-859-2563. Lunch will be ordered off the main menu, and in the spirit of St. Patrick’s Day, the red-hatters should wear something green
Looking ahead, Ruth Case will hostess the April 4 luncheon.
As with all Stayton Red Hat Strutters events, everyone is welcome but newcomers and visitors should contact the hostess in advance.
What: Canyon Conversation
Where: Moxieberry, 429 N. 3rd Ave., Stayton
When: 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 28 (second and fourth Wednesdays)
Questions and information: Contact Justin Much, firstname.lastname@example.org; cell 503-508-8157; or follow at twitter.com/justinmuch | <urn:uuid:dcaa7942-303c-4c01-a16d-24b5b3d22a20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/local/stayton/2018/02/17/canyon-conversations-photos-prompt-detective-work/339529002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944494 | 1,350 | 1.789063 | 2 |
4 April 2022
Bowen Wang, Trinity College Dublin
Ezra Pound, in a review titled ‘Marianne Moore and Mina Loy’ published in Others: A Magazine of the New Verse (1917), speaks highly of these two modernist women poets and associates them with the last type of his poetry typology:
(1.) melopoeia, to wit, poetry which moves by its music, whether it be a music in the words or an aptitude for, or suggestion of, accompanying music; (2.) imagism, or poetry wherein the feelings of painting and sculpture are predominant (certain men move in phantasmagorial; the images of their gods, whole countrysides, stretches of hill land and forest, travel with them); (3.) and there is, thirdly, logopoeia or poetry that is akin to nothing but language, which is a dance of the intelligence among words and ideas and modification of ideas and characters.
Many critics have confirmed this argument by regarding Loy as an exemplar of Poundian logopoeia, famous for her internal wordplay and linguistic inclusiveness of the scientific, philosophical, and literary. However, Loy’s intricacies of forms and verbal structures, in fact, have also absorbed the visual image of phanopoeia and the sound effect of melopoeia. Her work exhibits the painterly composition of pictorial elements, polysyllabic stanzas and deliberate alliterations, simultaneously presenting ‘torrential languages’ and the ‘word made flesh | and feeding upon itself | with erudite fangs’ like her idols James Joyce and Gertrude Stein. Hence, Loy’s purely formal concern about the use of language is actually akin to a composite, hybridised expression. In this sense, her style of words-in-freedom can be better understood as the compound term of ‘sound-images, what she called the “belle matière” of art, [which] is rooted in the word-conscious style of the Decadents, Pre-Raphaelites, and Symbolists before’.
Loy’s revolution of language, without a doubt, benefits from her particular occupation as painter-poet and the autonomy and sufficiency of aesthetic modernism, which encourages an artist to use the formalistic means and forces of the artwork itself as self-reflexive processes of rethinking racial, sensual, and political issues. In Charles Altieri’s Eliotian metaphor, Loy’s ‘self-consciously impersonal poetics’ – here full of linguistic intelligence and psychological power – serve as multisensual ‘catalysts for combining [audio-visual/verbal] elements of feelings’. In one of her alphabetic inventions, The Alphabet that Builds Itself, similar to Pound’s work with Chinese ideograms, Loy splits up the strokes of English letters to reconstruct and recombine them into new shapes, even in reverse order. In a letter introducing her educational game of alphabet-building to a manufacturer, Loy titles her design as Build Your Own Alphabet which contains ‘pieces of let[t]er to be put together [made] of attractive inexpensive plastics, or brightly lacquered cardboard’ to stimulate one’s ‘observation of form, construction and similarities’.
Over and above the fixity of their physical forms and semiotic meanings, her colour-lined alphabets as the minimum unit of written language become objects, thoughts, and identities that can be taken apart and put together in different arrangements and from multidirectional perspectives. In one of her revolutionary poems dedicated to “Gertrude Stein”, Loy shows her respect to these Steinian experiments that are conducted in
congealed to phrases
a radium of the word.
Like the alphabet that needs to be taken apart, turned upside down, or put together, her plastically constructed segmental letters and its theory of poetic language should also be conceived as ‘kinetic, geometric, recombinant, and open to mutation’. This unique poetic vision touches the palpable, tactile aspect of the artistic physicality of language and artform we have taken for granted for a long period. It needs to be refashioned through an alternative lens of the eye and the creative process in-between various identities as alter egos of ‘I-ness’.
Loy gives priority to textual and actual vision and its act of seeing or perceiving to witness and renew the problematic representation of art, gender, individual or societal community, across any pre-existing boundaries. Her alphabetic design, at this point, aims at teaching us not only to see and observe newly and afresh, but also how the eyes shall read and interpret visual and verbal elements. Based on the ‘radium of the word’, Linda Kinnahan argues that the new technology of vision informs a ‘metaphorical process of seeing’ and experiencing in a modern rhythm to construct, deconstruct, and recreate. It addresses the pressing need to build up the connection between the subjective mind and the interpretative visuality of eyes functioning as revelation and re-presentation. Hence, the poetic vision becomes Loy’s artistic aura or a desire for destructing and re-creating, explicitly associating the gaze with visionary expressiveness rather than a single, absolute point of view fixed by the verbal/visual linearity.
Image credit: Mina Loy, The Alphabet that Builds Itself (1941), colour illustration, Mina Loy Papers, box 7, fol. 184, YCAL MSS 6, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale.
Ezra Pound, ‘Marianne Moore and Mina Loy’, in Selected Prose 1909-1965, ed. by William Cookson (London: Faber & Faber, 1978), p. 394. Pound later in 1934 rephrased this classification into phanopoeia, melopoeia, and logopoeia in his ABC of Reading (New York: New Directions, 2010), p. 37.
Charles Altieri, The Art of Twentieth-Century American Poetry: Modernism and After (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006), p. 79; Marjorie Perloff, Poetry on & Off the Page: Essays for Emergent Occasions (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2000), p. 203; Alex Goody, Modernist Articulations: A Cultural Study of Djuna Barnes, Mina Loy and Gertrude Stein (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 3.
Mina Loy, The Lost Lunar Baedeker: Poems of Mina Loy, ed. by Roger L. Conover (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1997), pp. 88-89.
Marisa Januzzi, ‘Dada through the Looking Glass, or: Mina Loy’s Objective’, in Women in Dada: Essays on Sex, Gender and Identity, ed. by Naomi Sawelson-Gorse (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), p. 411.
Altieri, The Art of Twentieth-Century American Poetry, pp. 80-82.
See more in Ernest Fenollosa’s essay ‘The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry: An Ars Poetica’ appendixed by Pound’s writing ‘With Some Notes by a Very Ignorant Man’, in The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry, ed. by Haun Saussy et al. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), pp. 41-74.
Mina Loy, Letter (1941), black and white, Mina Loy Papers, box 7, fol. 184, YCAL MSS 6, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale.
Loy, The Lost Lunar Baedeker, p. 94.
Margaret Konkol, “Prototyping Mina Loy’s Alphabet,” Feminist Modernist Digital Humanities, special issue of Feminist Modernist Studies, 1.3 (2018), p. 294.
Linda Kinnahan, Mina Loy, Twentieth-Century Photography, and Contemporary Women Poets (New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 63-64. | <urn:uuid:03ff700a-0cda-4a39-bc6a-d97ddf73b9e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://modernistreviewcouk.wordpress.com/2022/04/04/mina-loy-logopoeia-and-the-alphabet-that-builds-itself/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.887725 | 1,874 | 2.375 | 2 |
DOT Design for Permanent 34th Avenue Open Street ‘Fails,’ Say Linear Park Supporters
This gold standard needs some polish.
Advocates who want to the city to turn the popular 34th Avenue open street into a linear park are entirely underwhelmed by a proposed design put forward by the Department of Transportation last week because it would potentially allow car drivers to reclaim space secured at great effort by a small army of volunteers — and incoming mayor Eric Adams isn’t happy either.
At issue is the city’s proposal to install “diverters” at most intersections of the divided 1.3-mile open street between 69th Street and Junction Boulevard — a showcase open street that city officials have repeatedly called “the gold standard” approach for creating car-free space. But the diverters appear to be little more than paint at the head of each intersection (see picture below), and agency officials have admitted that they may not be robust enough to prevent drivers from merely motoring around them.
That’s why advocates who have been demanding secure space, and also a reduction in the need for volunteer labor, are so disappointed.
“The proposal fails to address crucial safety concerns,” said the Friends of 34th Avenue Linear Park, which has been pushing for a true compromise: a design that would make one street in Jackson Heights — 34th Avenue — completely car-free while leaving dozens of other streets untouched for the neighborhood’s drivers, who are demanding all of the roads.
One member of the linear park group said the problem is the diverters, which don’t look particularly robust in DOT’s renderings.
“We feel that this design literally opens the gates to invite vehicles to assert their dominance back on this space,” said Sarah Balistreri. “[If the diverters fail], a space that has been welcoming for more than a year would suddenly feel quite unsafe with cars treating it as a slalom course.”
Thanks to volunteers who set out barricades every morning and remove them ever evening, all 56 block segments of the divided east-west roadway are almost entirely car-free for 13 hours a day, though drivers are allowed to access individual blocks by moving barricades. The DOT design would create only four dedicated “plaza block” segments out of the 56 existing segments of the 34th Avenue open street. There would also be nine shared-street treatments near schools that seek to slow down drivers with a chicane in hopes of protecting the 8,800 kids who attend schools on 34th Avenue. But 10 blocks — between 83rd and 93rd streets — don’t have any plaza or shared-street configurations. One pro-linear park driver even asked DOT, “Other than my good will, what’s to prevent me, as a driver, from just driving around those diverters?” The agency did not answer.
DOT officials admitted that their design is definitely not going to please supporters of a true car-free space.
“We are not proposing a linear park,” the agency’s street improvement team leader Jessica Cronstein said at a meeting of Queens Community Board 3 on Thursday night. Cronstein also said that it’s likely the barricades would have to remain — an admission that only points out the flaw in the DOT design [PDF] given that one of the agency’s goals is to “make the street [is] … less reliant on French barricades.”
The neighborhood’s Council Member, Danny Dromm, is a supporter of the linear park proposal, but he accepted the DOT’s slow compromise.
“Folks should remember that the transformation of Travers Park, the closing of 78th Street and the creation of Diversity Plaza were all done in phases,” Dromm told Streetsblog in a text message. “The same will hold true for 34th Avenue. I am confident that our goal of having a linear park will be realized. Volunteers have alway been and hopefully will continue to be a vital and integral part of this transformation.”
Dromm will be long gone by the time the city starts building the permanent open street, which it is required by law to do. The political pressure will likely have to be exerted by Democratic nominee Shekar Krishnan, who is expected to succeed Dromm with his likely election next month. Krishnan told Streetsblog that he’s less sanguine than Dromm.
“DOT’s presentation is a step in the right direction, but it fails to address some of the challenges that the community needs resolved,” he told Streetsblog. “DOT’s plan will create a slalom course for cars, and it misses the boat completely from the standpoint of climate change. Ultimately, we need to make 34th Avenue a linear park.”
He also was surprised that the permanent design of the roadway did not address the conflicts between pedestrians and fast-moving, illegal mopeds, whose drivers are choosing 34th Avenue because it’s far safer (for them) than other neighborhood roadways.
Left out of the discussion so far has been what the incoming mayor, Eric Adams, wants. Like all the major Democratic mayoral candidates earlier this year, Adams signed the linear park petition. Last week, Streetsblog asked Adams if he was disappointed by the DOT proposal, since it did not carry out the vision of the petition he signed. He said that DOT will have to be more aggressive in an Adams administration.
“I’m not going to ask them, I’m going to tell them [what I want] if I’m the mayor,” he told Streetsblog. “I think the problem is, agencies have hijacked their role. Agencies don’t run the city. You did not elect an agency, you elected a mayor, council member, senator. When I look at this project and if it doesn’t meet my specs, I’m going to give them the instructions on what they are going to do.”
He’ll certainly hear from the linear park crowd if the current design gets built next year, when Adams is in charge.
“The linear park is still our goal and I think we feel we need to pressure electeds and city officials not to miss this huge opportunity to create space that’s used in a new way, including addressing the climate crisis with green infrastructure,” Balistreri said.
The 34th Avenue open street is believed to be the city’s most-used open street. It is also a safe space. As Streetsblog reported last year, injuries fell by 85 percent during the hours when cars are banished from the roadway. And crashes dropped by 78 percent because of the absence of cars. As a result, virtually all elected officials in the area — including Dromm, Krishnan, Assembly Member Jessica Gonzalez-Rojas and Borough President Donovan Richards have signed onto the linear park proposal.
The concern about the encroachment of car drivers is a serious one. Earlier this year, open street volunteers on Willoughby Avenue in Brooklyn analyzed what was working and what was not — and quickly learned that the best open streets are the ones where cars are almost entirely absent.
“Our data shows that the key to a successful, widely used, open street is to prevent thru car traffic by making it difficult to enter the street in a car,” said Mike Lydon, a neighborhood resident and principal at Street Plans, an urban design firm. “If car drivers start creeping in, walkers don’t feel comfortable and the numbers drop. As difficult as it has been for volunteers to block off the street, we’ve shown how successful an open street can be if it truly reduces the amount of traffic down to only people who must get to a particularly building, which is a very small number.
“However the barricades morph in the future, our numbers show that they cannot become so permissive to drivers that the open street is no longer viewed to be safe,” he added. “If we reach that threshold of cars, the program loses its effectiveness.”
Lydon’s numbers are especially clear for Willoughby Avenue, where there are often three barricades per intersection to really keep out cars. On two typical days in June, volunteers counted 768 cyclists, 3,352 pedestrians, 431 joggers, 318 people using assisted devices, 515 dogs being walked … and just 12 cars.
“This is why our open street is so great,” said Lydon. “The fewer cars, the more people use it.” | <urn:uuid:0ca3d80b-801d-4a49-8c06-90fb96d496c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nyc.streetsblog.org/2021/10/25/dot-design-for-permanent-34th-avenue-open-street-fails-say-linear-park-supporters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.961125 | 1,830 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Photo credit to Main Sail Video Productions, Inc.
From the water, Mound Key looks like any other mangrove island in Estero Bay, yet hidden within the native vegetation is a little-known piece of national history, with a 31-foot-high mound of a shell and fish bones at the core. I recently joined archaeologist Theresa Schober on a boat tour to this historic island to learn more about the Calusa Indians who dwelt there for hundreds of years before an unwelcome visit from a famed Spanish conquistador named Juan Ponce de León in 1513. As Schober aims to prove in a documentary she is producing, Mound Key is “where the new and old worlds collided.”
The excursion launched from the West Bay dock on a clear Monday morning, with a group of 28 aboard Capt. JR Trepper’s Banana Bay Tour Company vessel.
As we boarded, the gregarious archaeologist welcomed her guests – including one couple who traveled 600 miles from South Carolina to hear Schober tell of Calusa Indian culture while standing on the very shell mounds these natives constructed. We watched waterfowl and waived to kayakers as we cruised our way through the mangroves on a course for Mound Key. When we arrived, Schober set the stage for our trek around this 125-acre island built of the shell.
“Everywhere your feet are dry, we will thank the Calusa,” Schober said. And since the Calusa believed two of their three souls were passed on to smaller animals after death, she added, “If you’re bit by a mosquito, that’s just the Calusa saying ‘hello.’” The native vegetation includes wild cotton, cactus and agave plants. The Calusa would dry the strands inside the agave to make a long, thin rope, then attach it to the natural needle of the plant’s pointed tip for sewing, Schober explained. Although there is no written record from the Calusa capital – which the natives called Stababa – it is named on the 1514 Freducci Map, documenting Ponce de León’s earliest voyage to Florida. During the last two decades, Schober and others have conducted small-scale excavations at Mound Key. A team from the University of Florida, funded by National Geographic, returns this summer to fi nish ground-penetrating radar to image the subsurface.
“This part of Florida is still a little bit of a frontier for archaeology,” says an enthusiastic Schober, who has been exploring Calusa territory since 1998. “What we leave behind doesn’t lie.” Ponce de León first sighted land somewhere on the East coast – traditionally St. Augustine – 500 years ago. He continued sailing along the coastline, coming into the Calusa territory of Southwest Florida in May. On June 4, his men killed some of the natives and took hostages at the “Isla de la Matanza,” or “Island of the Slaughter,” which may have been Matanzas Pass near present-day Fort Myers Beach, Schober said.
With her detailed descriptions, she paints a picture of Ponce de León overwhelmed by a Calusa counterattack, which the Spanish explorer reported as involving 80 war canoes (carrying 800 to 1,600 fighting men). Although
Schober thinks he may have exaggerated, the attack was enough to keep him away for eight years, killing a third of his men. At that time, Mound Key was the thriving capital of the Calusa nation – the largest group of aboriginal people, extending up to Charlotte Harbor – housing a village of about 1,000 people, according to Schober’s estimates. As we hiked up the steep incline, Schober explained the hierarchal society of the Calusa, with the chief, high priest and members of the ruling class undoubtedly occupying the tall mounds while the commoners were fisherfolk, living near the water’s edge.
The four documents which tell historians the most about Mound Key are the accounts of Ponce de León’s voyages; a biography from Pedro Menendez de Aviles, who established a Spanish outpost in 1566; letters from Jesuit Father Juan Rogel who operated the first mission at Mound Key; and the memoir of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, a Spanish teenager who was shipwrecked and taken captive by the Calusa. The Calusa later brought Fontaneda along to greet Menendez, as a translator to make an alliance. The resulting oyster feast is the first documented meal shared between Europeans and an indigenous people, occurring long before the pilgrims’ 1621 feast with the natives at Plymouth Rock.
One memoir Schober would love to read if it existed would be from Doña Antonia, the Christian name given to Chief Carlos’ sister, whom he gifted to Menendez as a bride to cement the alliance. “Doña Antonia was one of the first Calusa to be baptized, and she was a quick study in Spanish,” Schober explained. The archaeologist suspects Doña was used as a liaison, or spy, by both the Calusa and the Spanish during the short-lived peace before Spanish soldiers killed Chief Carlos – and his successor – for refusing to convert.
As we reached the top of Mound One – the highest point in Lee County apart from the county dump – a refreshing breeze greeted us, along with a gopher tortoise who didn’t take much notice of the strange visitors to this normally quiet island, weaving his way through the dusty path. We also sighted a well constructed by the Koreshans in the early 1900’s, along with the unnatural presence of fenced-in goats. Descendants of the pioneer Hanson family still own a 9.6-acre parcel of Mound Key, the only landowners unwilling to sell to the state in the 1990’s. They’ve since tried selling through Lee County’s Conservation 2020 program, but so far, the county and the owner have not been able to come to terms on price. “They have been stewards of this property for 100 years,” Schober mused.
ears,” Schober mused. West Bay residents Jerry and Connie Hines marveled at the little known history so close to home, along with fellow trekker Shelley Young of Bonita Springs. “There really is a lot more history here than I would’ve known,” she said, making her way back to the boat. “Theresa paints a vivid picture.” Schober is hoping to thrust Mound Key into the national spotlight through a documentary sponsored by the College of Life Foundation and the Friends of Koreshan State Historic Site. She’s received a grant from the Florida Humanities Council and hopes to air the documentary on PBS by early 2015. Boat trips to Mound Key will resume in the fall, and they fill up fast. To reserve a spot, contact Schober at firstname.lastname@example.org. Without a guide, it’s little more than another mangrove island, but with Schober, the age-old shells beneath your feet tell a story of culture, conquest and a connection to people of the past. | <urn:uuid:eafa1fa7-67e9-4254-b7ae-20399a329720> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://esterolifemagazine.com/discovering-mound-key/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950741 | 1,566 | 2.9375 | 3 |
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South Russian shepherd dog, a shepherd dog in name and in fact, Russian in name and in fact. Honest and massive, this animal has an XXL size that leaves you speechless. In part this feeling of strength and power is related to the abundant coat, but the musculature is also present and you have the proof when you see a South Russian Sheepdog in action. It is indeed agile and of great elegance, proportionate and good as shepherd dogs often are.
South Russian shepherd dog: characteristics
An adult male specimen can reach 65 cm in height at the withers, there are some South Russian shepherd dogs which even exceed 70 cm, all have a massive trunk, including females, without spoiling the harmony of the whole.
The limbs of this breed are well upright and straight, especially the rear ones give the feeling of power, the tail is thick at the root and becomes thinner towards the tip without exaggerating. The head is a big head, large and broad also the muzzle which has a little accentuated stop and a dark nose. The eyes of the South Russian shepherd dog they are almond-shaped but not too pronounced, their color must be dark, the ears with respect to the body are small and triangular, hanging and close to the skull.
As I mentioned, the cloak of the South Russian shepherd dog contributes to the enormity of his figure, the hair is about ten cm long, it is thick and slightly wavy, rough to the touch and equipped with a rich undercoat. Uniform white is one of the most frequent admitted colors to be seen but there are also greyish-white (ash), white with gray traces and speckled gray. In theory, they exist but are almost impossible to find, specimens with white-fawn, straw or completely gray fur.
South Russian shepherd dog: character
Strong in body but also in character, this dog has a very reactive nature but at the same time it is balanced and good even if it tends to dominate. When he has a property or a person to defend, he is always very active and courageous, even when he relaxes he has one intelligent and receptive gaze, in the family it is adorable and adored, if you have the space to host it, it is a perfect playmate and life partner, also useful as a guard dog.
South Russian shepherd dog: breeding
As you may have already suspected, there are no farms in Italy that keep this breed, at least not among those officially recognized by ENCI. The South Russian Shepherd Dog in his homeland he is called Ioujonrousskaïa Ovtcharka, but if we look for him around Europe we can also call him Berger de russie méridionale, Südrussischer Ovtcharka, South Russian Sheperd Dog, Perro de Pastor de Rusia Meridional.
Of the three Russian shepherd dogs, this was the first to have received official recognition from the International Cynological Federation, in 1983. Despite having anticipated, it remains the least widespread in Europe and it is a real shame, even its real origins are a mystery, it seems to have to do with the Tibetan Mastiff or with the Siberian wolf. If we want to play it safe and find those who raise it, we can go to the Crimea and Ukraine.
South Russian shepherd dog: price
The price in euros is difficult to indicate, also because in addition to hard cash, to have a copy of South Russian shepherd dog you also have to spend time and energy to understand where to find one and how to bring it to Italy. We can begin to know the most common defects, including incorrect gait, poorly worn ears, a little muscled hindquarters and an aggressive character.
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You may also be interested in:
- All dog breeds: list and factsheets
- Caucasian Shepherd
- Tatra shepherd
- Brie Shepherd Dog | <urn:uuid:0f9c416b-9ab0-46e5-ad51-b22ce3ee2281> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glukhiv.net/7016-south-russian-shepherd-dog.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.963795 | 844 | 1.585938 | 2 |
One of the main issues with modern smartphones is the extremely short lifespan of this category of devices, which makes even high-end ones painfully slow within years. In fact, studies have shown that it takes the average European, American or Asian user less than two years to dump their old smartphone and buy a newer, more powerful (yet arguably very similar feature-wise) model.
This, however, is quickly changing thanks to projects like postmarketOS, bringing potentially lightweight Linux environments to new and old (also very old) mobile devices. While it is still early, in most cases, to have an usable Linux "daily driver" smartphone, this page should answer some of your questions regarding how Linux on smartphones work, whether your phone is likely to boot it properly and, if it does, how to choose a Linux distribution and whether it's the case to switch now or to wait some months.
Do not forget that most of the procedures below might void warranty or cause temporary or permanent damage. Any content of this page is to be performed at your own risk.
Buying a Linux smartphone
Thankfully, getting your hands on a Linux smartphone in 2021 is much easier than it used to be. Many Librem 5s and PinePhones have already been shipped, and mature releases will probably be available for sale within this summer. We maintain a small list of native Linux smartphones that might be a good starting point if you are willing to buy one.
If, however, you are not ready to go for a full Linux smartphone yet, Can My Phone Run Linux? is a search engine for most known smartphones that can boot Linux. Make sure, however, to check the support level on the distro page in detail before getting one, as most features, like mainline kernel, modem and hardware acceleration are still not supported by most devices.
Sure, a lightweight Linux desktop environment might be much faster than most heavily manufacturer-customized Android spins, but there's no black magic in "pure" Linux either. Which means that expecting to achieve more with your device than what the manufacturer initially designed it to is possible, but not very realistic. Especially if we consider that most smartphones are sadly not designed to be future-proof when it comes to their technical specifications, with tough competition for higher specifications every year leading to progressively heavier and slower OS releases.
Therefore, if your smartphone isn't equipped with at least 1GB of RAM, 8GB of ROM (SD cards also count, but might be less reliable and slower especially on newer devices) and a 32-bit, 1GHz ARM CPU, the device will probably boot, but still be unsuitable for most kinds of smartphone features, such as desktop-like web browsing. In other words, anything older than 2012 will probably not render modern websites faster or more accurately than it did on its original OS. In case you are not willing to sacrifice Android applications, you should as well consider the relevant overhead of Android abstraction layers like Anbox.
In addition, you should make sure that your device's mobile modem, GPU, power management and all kinds of hardware drivers you need are available on Linux. This step requires a minimum level of hardware and Linux knowledge, but for most users checking "what works" and "what doesn't" from the wiki page of your device for the distribution you would like to install should already give a basic idea of the usability status.
If there is already a mature Android port for your smartphone, however, libhybris might allow Android drivers to run on Linux and get a GUI running quickly over it.
Another thing to remember is that running Linux on an iPhone or iOS device is almost impossible. Apart from the work-in-progress Project Sandcastle, there is currently no usable Linux distribution or porting for modern iDevices. Windows Phone devices that already received unofficial Android support, such as the Lumia 520, 525 and 720, might be able to run Linux with full hardware drivers in the future. In general, if you can find an open source Android kernel (e.g. via LineageOS) for your device, booting Linux on it will be much easier.
If your device is SIM-locked, you might want to unlock your device if possible before flashing Linux on it, as in some cases the necessary proprietary software handles for modem unlock codes might not be implemented in Linux.
You should also check if the bootloader for your device is unlocked, and if it isn't, how the bootloader unlock procedure works, preferably from an official source (which means avoiding shady paid "unlocking services" unless you really have no other choice). If it is permanently locked by a carrier or manufacturer, or can't be unlocked for whatever reason, you will not be able to run Linux or any other unsigned custom kernel on it, with the exception of limited chroot subsystems.
What are the Linux distributions for smartphones, and how should I choose one?
Several Linux distributions are specifically designed for smartphones, tablets and wearables, the most relevant of which are also listed on a dedicated page.
Your best bet at the moment would surely be Ubuntu Touch by Ubports, which is the only distribution to provide a fully-functional Linux desktop environment with a relatively large app ecosystem. To check if your device is one of the lucky ones to be actively (and officially) maintained, you can check the Ubuntu Touch Devices section.
Another Linux distribution which is currently in very active development is postmarketOS, which can boast a wide community of users and developers and over 250 booting devices (including smartwatches, x86 tablets and Raspberry Pi boards) at the time of writing. KDE enthusiasts will be happy to hear that postmarketOS is officially recommended by the Plasma Mobile website, and some of its main developers are also active members of its community. This, however, does not mean that postmarketOS is primarily KDE oriented: several Gtk desktops, including Purism Librem 5's "Phosh", are already fully working in postmarketOS on several devices. Also the pmbootstrap tool makes porting postmarketOS to new smartphones easier than ever.
Last but not least, if your device is one of the few supported ones (spoiler: few Xiaomi and Nexus phones only), you might consider trying LuneOS, a project that brings new life to HP WebOS, the futuristic HTML5-based, open-source iOS competitor that didn't truly make it against the Android hegemony in the first 2010s. Still, chances are it'll be lighter than most Android versions, while open source and fully respectful of your privacy.
And if, by chance, you arrive to the point of getting the real, "mainline" Linux kernel and the device modem (calls, SMS, mobile data...) to fully work on your phone, you might have just created one of the very few modern "true Linux" smartphones. But that's clearly beyond the point of this article.
As the brightest reader might have noticed, "real" Linux on most smartphones isn't exactly mature yet. So is it worth installing on your daily driver? Probably not, unless it's one of the few Ubuntu Touch or postmarketOS officially supported devices. But if you've got an older device that's been sitting idle for years, why not experiment with software that might give it new life, without the limits of the OS it was originally released with? Testing and development is essential at a stage where Linux for smartphones is being more actively developed than ever. | <urn:uuid:8ff4c726-d8d2-4b23-89ee-76e6ca8158f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tuxphones.com/2022-linux-on-phone-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947364 | 1,530 | 1.585938 | 2 |
ACC 230 - Accounting Systems and Applications
A hands-on introduction to software used by accountants. The course will focus on the problem-solving capabilities of Excel in handling various accounting and financial issues.
Course offered Fall semester during the evening and Spring semester during the day.
Prerequisite: ACC 102 WITH A GRADE OF C OR HIGHER; PLUS EITHER CRC125 OR BUS 220.
Course Learning Outcomes
1. Develop and improve critical thinking and problem solving skills related to accounting principles and concepts.
2. Design and create spreadsheet solutions to accounting problems using spreadsheet software.
3. Demonstrate a working knowledge of model-building and what-if analysis in accounting using spreadsheet software.
Course Offered Fall, Spring | <urn:uuid:64f1cc35-8139-49a6-9e87-ef426aeaaa7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.monroecc.edu/etsdbs/MCCatPub.nsf/Web+Course+Descriptions/BF53E6F9A90753C88525842E0047997E?OpenDocument | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.843656 | 159 | 1.625 | 2 |
Alabama House approves increase in gas tax
The Alabama House of Representatives on Friday approved a 10-cent-a-gallon increase in the state's gas tax and a set of fees for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles.
The vote was a major victory for supporters of the legislation, who say the increased revenue is needed to get the state's roads and bridges on a regular schedule of repair. The legislation moves up to the Senate.
The vote was 84 to 20. In the Montgomery House delegation, Republican Reps. Reed Ingram and Pike Road and Dimitri Polizos of Montgomery voted for the measure, as did Democratic Reps. Kirk Hatcher, Thad McClammy and Tashina Morris, all of Montgomery.
"Every hard-working Alabamian will be impacted by this in the form of safer roads, bus routes, job opportunities, and first responders in moments of disaster or distress," said Rep. Bill Poole, R-Tuscaloosa, the sponsor of the bill. "It will affect my children. It will affect your children, and it will affect all the children in the state."
Gov. Kay Ivey, who called the legislature into special session on the issue earlier this week, praised the result.
"You look at the members of the vote, and you're going to see for the first time in a long time what a bipartisan effort can do to bring success to the people of Alabama," she said at a press conference after the vote.
Eighteen Republicans and two Democrats voted against the measure.
If approved by the Senate, the measure would increase the 18- cent-a-gallon tax on gasoline to 28 cents over the next three years. In 2023, the gas would be tied to an index of construction costs that would automatically adjust the tax every other year, though never more than 1 cent.
The bill would also impose a $200 annual fee on electric vehicles and a $100 fee on plug-in hybrid vehicles, which could be adjusted depending on the presence of federal taxes. Part of the money collected would fund a grant program for infrastructure for electric vehicles, such as charging stations, until 4 percent of all vehicle registrations (save trailers and semitrailers) were electric. At that point, the fees would drop to $150 a year and $75 a year, respectively.
About 67 percent of the money raised from the tax would go to the state for road and bridge projects, with 25 percent going to the counties and roughly 8 percent to municipalities. Separate legislation providing oversight of the spending of the money is also moving forward.
"This is going to provide funding on every level of government," Poole said after the vote. "It's going to help us leverage federal dollars ... it’s just going to be a phenomenal asset and tool for every community."
The Legislative Services Agency estimates the new tax would bring in $194 million in additional revenue in 2020; $259 million in 2021 and $323 million in 2022.
Companion bills would establish oversight of the money spent, and authorize the state to borrow up to $150 million to pay for improvements to the Port of Mobile. Up to $11.7 million of new gas tax revenue could go to service bonds on the project each year. Poole said the money was needed to draw down a much larger pool of federal money for the project.
"The cost of doing nothing is not nothing," he said. "The cost of doing nothing is we will lose lives on the road. We will lose job opportunities."
Proponents of the legislation saw the House as the biggest obstacle to passage, but supporters were cautiously optimistic about passage before the House met Friday morning. During the early debate, some Democrats questioned whether the tax would fall hardest on the working poor.
"What I have a problem with is people who go to the pumps who only have two or three dollars to go to work," said Rep. Juandalynn Givan, D-Birmingham.
Rep. John Rogers, D-Birmingham, said the way the state-funded road and bridge construction was "wrong."
"I can't go back to Jefferson County with another tax on these folks," he said.
Rep. Tommy Hanes, R-Scottsboro, said it would hurt some of his constituents who commute to work. "It’s not unusual for someone to drive 80 miles one way to get to work," he said. "They’re trying to raise families. This will hurt people trying to scratch out a living."
The indexing also drew some opposition. Rep. Mike Holmes, R-Wetumpka, offered an amendment to pull the index out of the legislation, saying it would impose a generational burden on the state.
"I cannot sign on an inflationary thing that goes down to children (and) grandchildren down the line," he said.Poole argued that the index was not a "blank check" and insisted the index was key to the proposal.
"This is a critical, critical element of this proposal in my judgment," he said. "This is a principal part of it." The House tabled Holmes' amendment 68 to 26.
There was other pressure, said House Speaker Mac McCutcheon, R-Monrovia, after the vote.
"It did not come easy because there was a lot of pressure in this," he said. "We had a lot of new members in the House where we were concerned about their peace of mind on this issue, because it was a difficult issue."
Business and government groups have for years sought increases in the gas tax, the chief source of state money for road and bridge improvements. Supporters say the current levies can't keep up with current road and bridge needs in the state. Opponents have questioned the cost of current state maintenance and the potential spending of the funds.
The House adopted an amendment to the oversight bill requiring Alabama Department of Transportation projects to be ranked on an objective criteria. Amendments requiring minority outreach and representation, as well as one requiring a two-system method of paving to include both concrete and asphalt were also adopted. | <urn:uuid:4a02ea6e-3ffe-4835-805d-0c6f81b05707> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2019/03/08/alabama-house-approves-gas-tax-increase/3107570002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.975907 | 1,259 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Being a Healthier Writer with Roland Denzel (SPP 122)
Being a writer can be pretty unhealthy, especially since you sit on your butt all day, moving little else than your brain and fingers. That’s why Roland Denzel volunteered to come on this week and teach us a thing or two about being a healthier writer (and no, it wasn’t just to bust Dave’s balls).
Before Roland got on, the guys talked about how amazing our Sterling & Stone site is coming along. Yes, we’re doing a lot of things at once, and yeah, we can barely keep up some times. But that doesn’t mean the site isn’t worth checking out. One new thing we’re starting is the Indie Fiction Podcast, which, if you like podcast fiction, you won’t want to miss.
Once Roland joined the party, the conversation got remarkably… healthy. Here are a few key topics they touched on:
- Diet and nutrition
- Roland’s Health Background
- Simple stretches you can do
- Ergonomic keyboards
- Standing desks and treadmill desks
You might be surprised by some of the stuff Roland shared. But if you want to keep creating your art for years to come, being healthy and working healthy are things you’ll want to look into. Enjoy the show!
Here’s the video version:
What if you could make your writing FAST, FUN, and BETTER THAN EVER?
In the indie publishing world of rapid releases and blistering word counts, it's easy to end up burned out with subpar work, and a loss of the enjoyment that once fueled your craft.
There's a better way. Download your free copy of 'How to Write Fast' today... | <urn:uuid:9cc24da2-2b9c-47bc-b9c9-f7a247829727> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.storystudiopodcast.com/podcast/being-healthier-writer-roland-denzel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.914415 | 373 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Listen to CNN Radio's podcast on P-Tech from Steve Kastenbaum.
By Steve Kastenbaum, CNN
(CNN) IBM’s job listings website today shows more than 1,600 job vacancies in the United States. But despite the nation’s high unemployment rate, IBM executives say they have a hard time filling those positions because few candidates have the backgrounds in math and science to qualify.
IBM hopes to change that by fostering future employees among high school students.
The company’s plan centers around a partnership with the New York City Department of Education and the City University of New York (CUNY). The result is Pathways in Technology Early College High School in Brooklyn– “P-Tech” for short.
“It’s a unique model,” said Rashid Ferrod Davis, the school’s principal, “A 9-through-14 model, an actual six-year school.”
P-Tech goes two years beyond the 12th grade and every high school graduate will, in theory, also receive an associate’s degree from a nearby technical college. The school focuses on giving students a strong foundation in math and the sciences so they’ll be qualified for jobs in the tech industry when they graduate. | <urn:uuid:a477ccc4-d7d3-4a7e-acc0-b14c070847c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://schoolsofthought.blogs.cnn.com/category/content-types/podcast/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.913844 | 274 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Big & Small CNC Machining Centers in A Chinese Factory
Learn about how big and small CNC machining centers work in the factory of X Rapid Technologies. We have 3-axis to 5-axis CNC machines to produce complex parts for you.
CNC machining centers - What Is The Importance Of CNC Machining?
CNC Machining is a way to monitor manufactured equipment precisely. Our small CNC machining center or CNC machining factory can help you. Contact X Rapid Technologies (Shenzhen) Limited which is one of the best CNC machining centers near you.
Computer Numerical Control or CNC Machining is a unit that uses computers to move and control a machine. Such tools are being used in different factories and industries for different works. It is an affordable way of improving efficiency in the workplace. Considering that, are you looking for a small CNC machining center near you? Before checking out one of the best CNC machining centers, you should find out the importance of CNC Machining.
Check Out the Reasons to Approach A CNC Machining Factory
- High Level Of Precision At CNC Machining Factory
Every remote sensing device makes use of sensors and beams when collecting data. These tools are beneficial in places where it is impossible to reach physically. For decision-making, the most important thing is the data needs to be accurate. In addition, the sensors should have a higher level of precision to be more effective. A small CNC machining center works under pre-programmed technology producing identical parts offering stellar accuracy levels. Devices used in aerial imaging, weather satellites, or light detection help researchers, scientists, and intelligence personnel to get precise data. Creating such tools with the help of CNC machining from the CNC machining factory will eliminate the room for errors. These products are mainly used in the aerospace industry, which indicates you can approach a suitable CNC machining factory.
- Improving Your Productivity
With the help of CNC machining centers, it would be possible for you to conduct a complex series of actions while the device is operating. It includes out-of-hours machining, which will improve productivity and output. It is beneficial for engineers who prefer to opt for a small CNC machining center or one of the CNC machining centers.
- Maintaining The Cost Effectiveness At CNC Machining Factory
The initial cost of CNC machines is comparatively less, and they come with lower mistakes in resulting components and have a higher output rate. Additionally, operators of CNC machining factory do not have to go through vigorous training to learn how to function the machines in a small CNC machining center or one of the CNC machining centers. It helps use the machine in a virtual environment and reduces the need to train different workpieces. With the popularity of such machines and widespread usage, the cost of operation decreases to a great extent in CNC machining centers. That’s why it is convenient to approach a CNC machining factory for the need.
The best part of working with a small CNC machining center is the machines can be reprogrammed in a short period to come up with a new one completely. That way, it makes the unit ideal for long or short production runs. Also, programming such units in a CNC machining factory or one of the CNC machining centers would not be difficult and does not consume much time.
- Maintaining The Safety Parameter
In industries, machine errors or hazardous safety issues are common. It is detrimental to the unit and not a safety issue concerning the operators. In regards to that, while operating in CNC machining centers, there is no need to compromise on the safety parameters. Keeping this into consideration, you can decide which small CNC machining center to approach.
Looking For A Small CNC Machining Center: Whom To Approach?
Are you checking out a small CNC machining center? If so, you should go with one of the most reputed CNC machining centers. X Rapid Technologies (Shenzhen) Limited is a CNC machining factory providing the best service. We have skilled, experienced, and dedicated professionals operating in the small CNC machining center.
The machining centers develop from a numerically controlled milling lathe. Their primary difference from numerical controlled milling lathes is that the machining centers can automatically exchange machining tools. By installing different tools on the tool storage, one clamping can change the machining tools on the spindle by an automatic tool changing device, thus finishing multiple machining tasks.
The CNC machining centers are high-efficiency automatic machines composed of mechanical equipment and a CNC system for processing complex parts. CNC machining centers are one of the world’s most widely used and most productive numerical controlled machines. Their comprehensive processing capability is powerful. After clamping once, CNC machining centers can finish many production tasks with high accuracy in a CNC machining factory. When machining the workpieces with medium processing difficulty in small batches, their efficiency is 5 to 10 times traditional equipment. They can finish machining tasks that much conventional equipment cannot complete. CNC machining centers suit processing single-piece, small or medium-lot multi-species production with complicated shapes and high precision requirements. They combine all the functions of milling, boring, drilling, tapping, and cutting threads on one machine, equipping them with various processing means in a CNC machining factory.
The CNC machining centers are usually classified by the relative position of the spindle and table. They can be divided into horizontal, vertical, and universal machining centers.
1) Horizontal CNC machining center refers to those with the spindle axis and table set parallel to the machining center, mainly for processing box-type parts.
2) Vertical CNC machining center is a machine where the spindle axis and table are set perpendicular to the machining center, mainly for processing sheets, plates, molds, and small shell-type complex parts.
3) Universal CNC machining center, known as the multi-axis linkage-type machining center, refers to a machine that can process complex-space surfaces by controlling the linkage change via altering the angle between the spindle axis and the rotary axis of the worktable. It is suitable for machining impeller rotors, molds, edge tools, and other workpieces with complex spatial surfaces.
According to their special functions, there are single-table, double-table, and multi-table CNC machining centers. Also, there are single-axis, dual-axis, three-axis, and interchangeable spindle box CNC machining centers.
Based on the classification of the guide rail, there are line-rail CNC machining centers, hard-rail CNC machining centers, etc.
A small-sized CNC machining factory usually just has small CNC machining centers which saves costs and space. Small CNC machining centers are like others that can realize clamping, milling, drilling, boring, reaming, tapping, and other processes, typically focusing on milling. Small CNC machining centers can also do the 4-axis and 5-axis machining of small-sized components. A compact CNC machining factory often serves industries like household supplies, jewelry, medical device, electronics, home appliances, and new energy. Small CNC machining centers are enough.
As a CNC machining factory, X Rapid Technologies has CNC machining centers from 3-axis to 5-axis machines. And we will introduce new ones to meet the ever-changing demands of our beloved customers. | <urn:uuid:04a920fe-9846-4737-b966-0c2b5da528ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.x-rapidtech.com/blog/78-article.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.90491 | 1,599 | 2.203125 | 2 |
10 Dangerous Superbugs the World Health Organization Is Warning Everyone About
Superbugs are scary pathogens that are resistant to mainstream antibiotics, and they're on the rise. These are the ones to worry about.
This little bacterium is listed as a “critical” superbug, according to the World Health Organization. It’s most commonly found in hospitals where infections are easy to pass along. The National Institute of Health says its rise is “largely associated with infected combat troops returning from conflict zones,” and an increase in resistant strains. Your plan of action: Always make sure to wash your hands (but not like this) and touch as few things as possible when you’re at a hospital and even a doctor’s office. Remember, even the elevator button could be harboring pathogens!
Another “critical” bug on the rise is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is also commonly spread in hospital environments. According to the CDC, this pathogen occurs in people with blood infections, pneumonia, infections after surgery, and in patients on breathing machines. A more mild type of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can occur after exposure to infected water, resulting in ear infections and rashes, according to the CDC. Make sure to use good hygiene practices in all hospitals, and make sure to avoid dirty or poorly cleaned pools and tubs. (Here’s how you know a pool is grosser than it looks.)
You may know this bacterium by another name: E. coli. Enterobacteriaceae is actually a family of bacteria found in hospitals settings, nursing homes, and other health-related settings, according to the CDC. E. Coli can also be found on common everyday objects like shopping cart handles. It is highly resistant to antibiotics, and is becoming more and more of a problem in older people with weakened immune systems. According to the CDC, some types of Enterobacteriaceae can kill up to 50 percent of those affected, though healthy people who don’t have a weakened immune system usually do not need to worry about the more serious consequences of this pathogen. Still, it’s a good idea to be aware of food recalls or E. coli outbreaks nearby.
Livestock usually contract the Salmonella bacterium, passing it down through the food chain onto your plate. According to the WHO, salmonella is contracted “through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin (mainly eggs, meat, poultry, and milk).” However, vegetables and fruit contaminated by manure can also carry this pathogen. The WHO recommends that you ensure your food is cooked thoroughly, that you avoid raw milk products and ice, and wash all fruits and vegetables before cooking or eating. Here’s how being messy in the kitchen could allow bacteria to thrive.
You may have learned about these bacteria in your high school sexual education class. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease that is common in young people between the ages of 15 to 24, according to the CDC. This disease is spread by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who carries the STD. As it is becoming more antibiotic resistant, it is important to always practice safe sex. Since sexually transmitted diseases are actually on the rise and harder than ever to beat, don’t be shy about asking any partner to get tested for sexually transmitted diseases, and always use a condom.
This dangerous bacterium can live in your digestive tract for years. According to WebMD, after a few years of housing the pathogen, your body can start producing potentially cancer-causing ulcers. Even scarier: About two-thirds of the world has H. pylori in their body already, according to WebMD. It’s most prevalent in poor countries without access to fresh water and sanitation systems. If you are living in the United States, feel thankful for your relatively clean tap water. (Do you know what’s really in your drinking water, though?)
Ranked as a “medium” risk on the WHO’s list, Haemophilus influenzae can affect people of all ages. It can cause mild reactions like an ear infection or more severe reactions like a blood infection or pneumonia. According to the CDC, Haemophilus influenzae lives in the nose and throat and is spread by an infected person coughing or sneezing. In order to prevent contracting this pathogen, it’s important to get the vaccine (known as Hib) that protects against the most common Haemophilus influenzae strain.
Commonly referred to as “staph infections,” Staphylococcus aureus causes skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, and blood poisoning. According to Medline Plus, skin infections are the most common types of infections, presenting as red, swollen, and painful boils or pimples. However, MRSA (methicillin-resistant) staph infections are resistant to more antibiotics, making them harder and harder to treat. To reduce your risk of MRSA, the CDC recommends maintaining good hygiene, keeping wounds clean and covered (here’s how to know if a cut or scrape is infected), and avoid sharing personal bathroom items.
This “high” risk superbug is normally found in the digestive system of animals such as poultry and cattle, according to the WHO. As a food borne disease, it is frequently found in undercooked meat products, contaminated dairy and water, and animal carcasses. The symptoms of Campylobacter spp include diarrhea, stomach pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting, according to the WHO. In order to avoid infection, the WHO recommends cooking all food thoroughly and washing your hands after touching any raw meat. | <urn:uuid:ad7e7664-035e-4def-9506-428216d71bc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thehealthy.com/healthcare/drugs-medicine/antibiotic-resistant-superbugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941023 | 1,259 | 3.265625 | 3 |
NOTE: These notes can be read in conjunction with the pdfs of Lecture 9 powerpoint slides and Lecture 10 powerpoint slides. The week numbers in the powerpoint slides are different to the lecture numbers used here because of public holidays.
These two lectures were based on Chapter 5, Take Back Property: Commoning. The aims were to:
- introduce students to the concept of commons (Lecture 9)
- clarify the distinction between commons and property (Lecture 9)
- further confirm the concept of commons by looking at examples of “uncommoning” (Lecture 10)
- identify the ways that people are taking back property by communing (Lecture 10).
FIRST, we started with the concept of the commons, using the definition from Take Back the Economy (TBTE) (page 130) and then we worked through the Commons Identi-kit (page 135) with the example of the Zanjera Commons. In an earlier draft of TBTE we had included the Zanjera Commons, but because of the word limit we dropped it from the final version. I used it with these students as some are interested in agriculture plus it links to the example of the Nam Chung Commons from Hong Kong, which we cover in the next step). Although we did not directly work through the Taking Back Property, Chapter 5 Tool, this activity was based on this tool. (See slides 1 to 9).
SECOND, students worked in small groups, with each group using the Commons Identi-kit to analyse one of the following examples:
- The Nam Chung Commons in Hong Kong, an initiative to take back the agri/cultural commons in an old farming area (which I had visited a few weeks before). I gave them information on the Nam Chung Project and directed them to the Nam Chung Project website developed by students from Lingnan University a few years ago (Slides 10 to 17).
- The planned 2017 elections in Hong Kong and the Basic Law, which of course was the basis for the Umbrella Revolution and the Occupy action that closed down parts of the city for 79 days in the latter part of 2014. I asked the students to assess whether or not the planned 2017 elections were a commons (given that we identify political systems as a potential social commons in TBTE (page 130) (Slide 18)).
- The third option was open for students to decide (Slide 19). This group looked at YouTube (this was especially important for Jackie as her case study was about One Letter Horse, a YouTube initiative that aims to raise the political and economic awareness of young people in Hong Kong). For example, one of their recent YouTube clips focuses on the closure of small family-owned shops and the expansion of chain stores. You can also view Jackie’s powerpoint presentation about One Letter Horse, which includes an interview with one of the members).
Helen (our wonderful tutor) and I used the Commons Identi-kit to explore the commons features of usual university classes compared with the mobile classrooms run at the Occupy sites during the Umbrella Revolution.
We had terrific discussion about each of the examples and various issues arose in the discussion, including different systems of voting (e.g. that in Australia it is compulsory to vote and that there’s the risk of fines if you do not vote); intellectual property rights and copyright (which we discuss in TBTE, pages 142-144); and the system of academic publishing.
From my perspective, the analysis of education through the Commons Identi-kit prompted an incredibly useful discussion about mobile phones in class—in a small class it is very noticeable (and annoying!) when students are looking at their mobile devices. We discussed this in terms of community members assuming responsibility for and enacting care for what happens in the classroom commons. As a result, students agreed to 'surrender' their phones (except when they needed them for in-class research). One student (who told us that she checks Facebook etc. on average every 10 minutes) thanked us for this enforced abstinence. So for the rest of the semester, students dropped their phones into a waste paper basket when they entered the room and collected them when they left.
THIRD, we looked at the distinction between property and commons, drawing on the point in this chapter that property ownership is a legal issue and that commons can be created on any type of property, including private property. This of course led to discussion of the so-called tragedy of the commons, and the importance of the fact that Gerard Hardin recanted his thesis to state that it is the tragedy of the unmanaged commons (which then according to the Commons Identi-kit means that if they are unmanaged they are no longer commons) (pages 130 to 131 of TBTE) (Slides 21 to 24).
FOURTH, this got us to the topic for next week, commoning and uncommoning.
This was a short class this week, as we wanted to leave time for the students to work on their case studies and to get input from Helen (our wonderful tutor) and me.
FIRST, we quickly went over what we had covered last week (Slides 1 to 11), and got to the idea of 'uncommoning' which I explained as involving either privatisation (something that many of them are familiar with and concerned about as they are studying Urban Studies) or not managing commons (linking it to our discussion in the previous week about the tragedy of the (unmanaged) 'commons' (Slides 12 to 17).
SECOND, students worked in small groups to try to identify how these practices of uncommoning (either via privatisation or failure to manage) were being addressed via some of the collective actions that we discuss in Chapter 5 of TBTE (pages 148 to 158).
I was particularly pleased that some groups identified not just examples from TBTE but also examples in Hong Kong. For example, the group that looked at the Communal Heritage Project in Europe (page 148 to 149) likened it to the Blue House Project in Wan Chai (an initiative linked to St James Settlement’s Time Coupon project which we discussed in Lecture 8, whereby older housing in the area is being protected against development pressures). Another group mentioned the initiatives to protect Wetland areas in Hong Kong, such as the Ramsar listed Mai Po Wetlands which are managed by WWF. | <urn:uuid:6be31b26-3f72-4d9b-9a90-a81d1bb12795> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.communityeconomies.org/take-back-economy/teaching-tbte-hong-kong/lectures-9-and-10-commoning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.951984 | 1,324 | 3.28125 | 3 |
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA), approximation in 2017, at least 20 to 23 million Americans age 12 or older needed treatment for substance abuse and addiction. There are about 14,000 addiction treatment centers in the U.S. alone from which to choose.
It’s a daunting task to pick one, and the buyer should beware of rehab facilities who claim to have “the cure” or 100% success rates. Don’t be fooled! With the rehab business blossoming, some unsuspecting parents have children who have become victims of the ‘patient brokering’ system, a kickback scheme in which brokers receive payment for referring patients to specific treatment facilities.
Make sure the facility is very clear about costs. Is your facility in-network with your insurance? If your child requires a longer stay than 28 days, will your insurance cover it? What about out-of-pocket costs (i.e. money for incidentals such as food, recreational activities)? How often will you be billed for urine screens and any other tests?
However, you can navigate the treatment system if you do your research, ask for help, network, and ask the right questions so you can be your child’s best advocate! I wouldn’t start with an online search. Instead, start with a trusted addictions counselor.
What To Look For In A Quality Treatment Facility
- How long have you been providing addiction treatment? How long does the program last? How successful is your treatment plan?
- Is it accredited? Does it possess the Joint Commission Accreditation for Addiction Treatment (JCAHO)’s Gold Seal for Behavioral Health; or a certification of Commission on Accreditation of Rehab Facilities (CARF)? This is not the same as state licensing. How long has it been in business?
- Does it treat detox medically? The detoxing unit should include both nurses and doctors. To ensure that seizures don’t occur, make sure the program has 24-hour medical care. Does the program also offer medication to alleviate specific symptoms of withdrawal like restlessness, nausea and diarrhea?
- The clinical 24-hr. staff should have specific credentials held by addiction treatment professionals such as LADC (Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor; LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) or CCDP (Certified Co-occurring Disorders Counselor). Search for a physician affiliated with the American Society of Addiction Medicine,.
- Drug rehab centers need to be certified in order to advertise their programs and services on Google and Facebook via a 3rd-party provider called Legit Script.
- The multi-disciplinary treatment team consists of: a chemical dependency counselor, a M.D., nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, nutritionist, wellness specialist, and a spiritual care counselor.
And Now For The Programs:
- Is the program gender and age-appropriate? One size does not fit all! Are there separate programs to address female vs. male experiences with substance abuse? A teen’s developmental needs are different from an adult.
- These are the components of a comprehensive drug abuse treatment: assessment, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, substance use monitoring, clinical and case management, self-help, continuing care. Are they backed by scientific evidences?
- Does it address a patient’s motivation to change?
- Provide incentives to stop taking drugs?
- Build skills to resist drug use?
- Replace drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities?
- Improve problem-solving skills?
- Build better personal relationships?
Will the day-to-day schedule be provided to you and include:
- Group v. individual counseling sessions
- Recreational activities
- Chores or other responsibilities
- Support groups
- Weekday v. weekend programming structure
Are they equipped to handle co-occurring disorders such as depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, etc.? It should be integrated into the curriculum. If not, are the mental health services coordinated with other providers?
Family Programs: The Whole Family Needs to Be In Recovery
- Does the facility provide family support programs such as education on substance use disorders, understanding the family dynamics, and ways the family can support their child’s recovery?
- Are there follow-up plans upon discharge? A mentor who is an alumnus may be assigned for your child. You may get followup calls as well to support you.
- Are there apps to build and strengthen recovery as well as continuing care groups?
Wesley Cullen Davidson
Wesley Cullen Davidson is an award-winning freelance writer and journalist specializing in parenting. Currently, she is targeting her writing about recovery to parents whose children have substance abuse disorders. | <urn:uuid:b942cf54-81f0-44a4-a576-46d19ffe0833> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wesleycullendavidson.com/addiction/how-to-evaluate-an-addiction-treatment-program | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.94178 | 975 | 1.578125 | 2 |
A local Richmond Radiologist Doctor, Mark Hom, recently received some local RVA coverage about his new book the “Science of Fitness – Amazon“. Listen to Doctor Hom speaking about book on channel 6 and discussing Mitochondria development.
Check out this short video I made 5 years ago that corroborates with what Dr. Hom has to say about Mitochondria function and preventive health: What good is evidence based information that Dr Kenneth Cooper was promoting in the 1960s if Medical (reactive) and Fitness Field professionals (preventive ) are not on the same page on how to practically apply exercise science for preventive healthcare.
The Wall Street Journal ran an interesting story December of 2014 titled, “Doctors Dole Out Prescriptions for Exercise”. If there was more unity and leadership between these two professions who understood this evidence based science, then more people would be successful in their health goals.
(Laura Landro video interview from WSJ story)
One example about lack of unity is how many ways an individual can lose “weight” that does not increase Mitochondria size and number and the public never questions it. The answer to reducing the amount of fat one has is increasing the muscle’s ability to use more fat for energy (increasing Mitochondria). How can you trust a Doctor or Fitness trainer that supports any weight loss that comes from manipulation where weight loss is from dehydration, muscle loss and fat loss combined. These models of restricted calorie weight loss programs drive down Peak Vo2 scores when tested which comes from loss of Mitochondria development. I have come to the conclusion another reason for the lack of unity is the amount of money that is being made from people who are either intentionally or unintentionally being misled and misinformed.
Your Doctor knows the Mitochondria controls the sensitivity to insulin. Improving the size and number along with function can decrease dependency for certain medications – This is where the BLACK HOLE is in healthcare. What good is this Exercise Science based knowledge if Doctors and fitness field professionals are NOT using the science to prescribe exercise for each individual – rather than wide spread generalizations that are substandard and ineffective. If you are type 2 diabetic you should be taught how to build Aerobic Strength by Peak Vo2 training. Increase steady rate training to higher Vo2 is an objective measurement to better control of blood sugar because increase steady rate comes from increased Mitochondria development.
How much money is made at gyms and health clubs offering programs that is not only hindering mitochondria development but also causing mitochondria regression along with individual VO2 scores going down. Instead, the individual should utilize objective exercise science based testing that can prove causes physiological change. Who wants to invest time that is not objective/ productive to what your health and/or fitness goals are? What’s worse is being misled that any model of exercise can improve your health – yet, Exercise Science says otherwise. | <urn:uuid:161f6536-cafc-4fb5-94f2-06e2375c691c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.truefitnesssolutions.com/aerobics/dr-mark-hom-another-leader-for-preventive-healthcare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.949945 | 592 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Get stories and expert advice on all things related to college and parenting.
Helping Students With Disabilities and Learning Differences Transition to CollegeSuzanne Shaffer
Once your student has survived that first tumultuous year of college, you may assume they will move seamlessly through the next three years. But each year of college marks a different stage in your student’s development.
The word sophomore has its roots in the Greek language and means “wise fool.” It’s an appropriate label for students at this stage. Sophomores have more self-confidence and “college knowledge,” but they still have a long way to go. Like the first year of college, this is also a year of discovery, but this year will be different.
Sophomores are settling into the life of their school. They may be deciding about a major, narrowing their choice of organizations in which to participate, and redefining their social engagement on campus as they move away from friends-of-convenience and find those who share their interests and values.
The first year of college may have been a year of discovery about independence and college life, but the second year is about finding your place in that community and making important decisions.
This can be an awkward year.
Some second-year students experience the dreaded sophomore slump. Sophomores are no longer the center of attention. They become the “middle child” as they transition from the more structured first year to more independence.
This is a year when the idealistic vision about what college would be meets the everyday reality of the work. Students need to think about who they want to be and choose a major.
The end of college still seems a long way off.
Courses are more difficult as students move into more classes with upperclassmen. Many sophomores experienced a lack of motivation because they continue to struggle to decide what they want to study. Some studies have found that sophomores spend the least amount of time studying in college. They may experience a dip in grades for which they are unprepared.
While the first year of college involved broad exploration about what it means to be a college student, sophomore year is often about a deeper, more personal exploration. Students need to make sense of all the information they gathered during their first year and find their place in this community.
Although many sophomores may not realize it, or be ready for it, the main task this year is identity development.
Students face a big question: “What do I want my life to be?” The task of choosing a major requires more self-reflection than many students expect. They may wrestle with questions about values, sense of purpose and what gives their life meaning.
Your student’s ties with home and hometown friends may decrease as they become more independent and more vested in their new community at school, yet the work of sophomore year can be difficult work, and students may need support and encouragement now more than ever.
Encourage your student to do the deep work involved in self-reflection. Remind them that getting to know who they are now will help them find direction. Talk about their dreams and aspirations and the vision they have for their lives.
This is a year when students need to connect the reality of the present to their vision of their future.
Much of the deep work that sophomore students are engaged in this year is prompted by the need to declare a major by the end of the year. Some students may also struggle as they discover that the major they thought they wanted isn’t a good fit. What now?
Students feel much like they felt about their choice of college –making a wrong decision will ruin their future.
Choosing a major rarely locks a student into a specific career – and many careers can be approached from various majors. As they delve deeper into a field that interests and excites them, students will learn more about specific careers. Knowing this may help alleviate the stress around this important decision.
The work of sophomore year feels weighty and has consequences. Mistakes begin to feel costly and it’s a good time to begin to map out a plan for how your student will complete their studies over the next years.
Sophomore year is a time when many students consider transferring. While a transfer may be the right thing for some students, it is important that your student think carefully about it.
Students who are considering a transfer because they want to start somewhere with a clean slate or who have chosen a major that their current school doesn’t offer, are taking an appropriate step.
Some students want to transfer because they are disillusioned with their college experience. Their expectations were high, and what they see on social media looks as. though things would be so much better somewhere else – anywhere else.
The difficulty of the self-reflection that students need to do this year may add to their disillusionment. This is hard work. Discomfort may translate into dissatisfaction with the school. Students may not realize that they will take their internal struggles with them.
The decision to transfer is a personal that rarely has a clear right or wrong choice. However, talking to your student about their reasons may help give them perspective and help them understand why many sophomores wrestle with this decision.
This year marks the conclusion of the transition into college and into a more stable time of getting the work done. The next two years will be the time for your student to start a new transition in preparation for a career and professional life.
Junior year will bring even more changes.
We’re sharing our favorite dorm living tips and tricks to help your student create a home away from home. | <urn:uuid:c16baa5d-b66c-47f2-8651-b4f65ac0fe39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.collegiateparent.com/academics/four-year-journey-sophomore-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.97073 | 1,168 | 2.765625 | 3 |
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