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Designing a Dissonant Cinematic Pad with NI FM8 for Your Music
As the trend of adding cinematic elements to modern music continues to progress, there is a growing need for original sound design in the studio. This FM8 tutorial from OhmLab shows you how to create a dissonant cinematic pad.
This type of dissonant cinematic pad sound is one of my favorite to work with on many levels as a sound designer. I have been making sounds and music for film, television, gaming, etc for quite a while now and have been paying close attention to just how common it has become to incorporate cinematic sounds into popular music. It truly can elevate a song to another level and add a certain kind of tension and interest that is simply not possible through traditional music instrumentation. Perhaps it helps to transport the listeners to a place they have visited in a movie, or perhaps it is simply a triggering a sense of wonder in them. Either way, it is something that we should expect to hear in music for many many more years to come.
When approaching a sound like a dissonant pad, you should first decide what exactly you would like to create. Think of a mood, rather than a sound, if that helps. It can be a bit tricky at first, especially after years of training your ears to stay away from heavy dissonance. My first piece of advice is to keep it as simple as possible. If you want to use a bunch of different waveforms, then keep the routing simple. Of you want to experiment with more complex routing options, keep the waveforms selection to just one or two. In this example I choose to stick with just Sine waves so we could explore some extreme differences in pitch and still keep things simple enough to follow along with.
Starting with the FM Matrix, it will probably be best to look at the Expert Ops window first. This gives you a snapshot into the main parameters involved with creating the core sound of this pad. As you can see in the image below, each operator is running a Sine wave, but the pitch of each one is offset, varying from slight to extreme. Now when you look at the routing in the FM Matrix you can see that the routing is aimed at blending the sounds before they reach the main output.
As you may already be able to tell, I am shooting for a darker, almost creepy kind of sound. I chose this kind of sound because it works well with dubstep, dark Dn’B, grime and other genres popular amongst our community here. So it is applicable. The next step is to set up the envelopes for each of the operators. This is easy enough with the help of the linking feature on the Expert Env window.
Now to make a few adjustments on the Master window. With a sound as dissonant as this one, we should probably stay away from adding more Unison voices. But what we can do to help transform our sound more is to increase both Analog and Digital Quality parameters. The helps to add an edge to the pad and accentuate soem of the more interesting elements of the sound.
The next stop is the Effects window, where I have added a total of eight different effects to further shape the sound. The Overdrive and Cabinet add a touch of drive and an environment for the sound to emanate from. The Shelving EQ and Peak EQ are used to shape and accentuate frequencies. The Tremolo, Reverb, PsycheDelay and Chorus/Delay ass help to make the sound deeper, wider and give the feeling of more movement.
The last window we will work in is the Easy/Morph. Here a few adjustments are made to the Timbre and main Amplitude Envelopes. This is the last step in the process of designing this particular sound. You can easily follow the same approach to create new sounds of your own. You can also take this sound into your DAW and begin processing it to make it into something else entirely. The audio sample below is the sound on it’s own, single notes and no processing outside of what was shown here in this FM8 tutorial.
Do you have a tutorial request or have one of your own you would like to share? Let us know by sending us a message today. Thanks for stopping by! | <urn:uuid:6fa1b60a-bdf1-4a33-9c9f-6b1899beb66e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.adsrsounds.com/fm8-tutorials/designing-a-dissonant-cinematic-pad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952749 | 886 | 1.75 | 2 |
Increase Self-Awareness and Discovery Through Journal Writing
Before I discuss several reasons why keeping a journal can be a beneficial practice, I wanted to share a little bit about my background. I’ve been journaling – and keeping a journal – since I was around eight years old. My grandmother started me out with the practice due to my having nightmares, strange recurring dreams, and as a place where I could explore my day-to-day experiences.
“Your journal is private,” my grandmother told me. “You don’t need to share it with anyone – not even me.”
I did, however, share it with her . . . And she provided valuable comments and insights that continue to guide me decades later.
Throughout my teenage years, I filled volumes of notebooks and hard-backed journals. When I turned 18, however, I threw almost all of them away in an attempt to not fixate on the past. I have regretted this from time-to-time, in part because some of these journals contained my early poems and short stories. There were also times when I was just curious about what I had thought, felt, and believed at a particular time in my life. After my teenage self tossed out those journals, I made a vow not to do that again. Consequently, I filled others, many of which are still in baskets on my shelves. And yes, I occasionally read and reread them.
You’re probably not surprised I became a writer – and a writing teacher and coach. I realized the therapeutic power of journal writing early on (as did my grandmother, who had a degree in psychology). It increased my writing skill, allowed me to express myself without being interrupted (or judged), and otherwise enhanced my insight and creativity. It was a safe place, my journal. My friend. My confidante. And yes, it often spoke back to me. I sincerely believe that this practice connects us to our own inner Muse.
CREATING A DAILY JOURNAL PRACTICE
If you’re still reading, you’re probably curious about how a journal writing practice could be of benefit to you. If you already keep a journal, I hope you discover something new here. Some people may choose to keep several different journals, each with their own purpose. I’ve known quite a few individuals who use college binders and tab the sections according to content, while others choose to keep separate notebooks or Word files. I recommend keeping a small notebook, pad or index cards (computer pads and phones work, too!) to jot down ideas, topics to explore, insights, and questions – the list is endless!
So, in non-hierarchical order, here are several ways that journal writing can increase self-awareness, discovery – and more!
“It was a safe place, my journal. My friend. My confidante. And yes, it
often spoke back to me. I sincerely believe that this practice connects
us to our own inner Muse.”
To tell your story.
Each and every person has many stories to tell, of who they are, what they’ve experienced, and what they’ve accomplished in their lives. What are you most proud of? What is important to you? What do you value? These stories may also include what you’re currently wrestling with, such as surviving a traumatic event or grieving the death of a loved one. They may also include your goals, dreams, and how you plan to accomplish them. In other words, you’re creating the future you envision and are dedicated to creating. This is a way to embody your future in the present moment and imagine how it will be – complete with all your senses. See it as a map to chart your journey to success!
To discover – and explore – your beliefs.
Have you ever been in a discussion where you or someone else challenged your beliefs? Did you re-evaluate them as a result? Did you wonder at their origins and choose to explore them more fully? Say, for example, that you now have an advanced degree and you USED to believe you’d never attend college, much less earn a master’s or doctorate degree. Your belief about your ability to accomplish this major goal clearly changed. Can you pinpoint where, when, and how this shift occurred? Your journal is a place to explore these beliefs, the feelings that arise surrounding them, and the impact they have had – or may continue to have – on your life. You can also explore beliefs that no longer serve you as well as those beliefs you are open to believing.
To access your subconscious mind.
When you’re in a relaxed state and are able to just allow your pen to move on paper without consciously engaging your intellect, you can open a channel, or conduit, to your subconscious mind. I’ve always referred to this as dreaming on paper. It’s a form of self-hypnosis, because you are in an alpha trance state. This is where creative ideas proliferate. This is where our real beliefs linger. And this is where we also have the capacity to create change – and access our higher conscious mind as well.
To clear your mind.
When you have a lot going on in your life, whether it’s challenging circumstances or an overload from studying or other daily obligations, having a place to engage in an “info dump” is a great idea. True, you may have friends and/or family with whom you can do this, but what if they’re not available? What if they’re not in the mood to hear about your day at work or your latest insights? What if you don’t want to share the thoughts – and feelings – that are cycling through your mind? Having a journal to “dump” all this into is a great practice. Furthermore, if you have trouble sleeping at night – or even if you don’t – having a place to record the day’s events, shopping lists, story ideas, and other to-do’s can all be transferred to the page. Just imagine silencing all that discursive chatter so you can sleep . . . Furthermore, the mere act of consciously writing these items down will seal them in your memory, which is another benefit of this practice.
To keep a daily – or regular – log of your activities.
Curious how you spend your day? Are you focused on creating more time for certain activities? Looking for a method to record the frequency with which you perform specific tasks or which ones you engage in most often? Think of this type of journal as your own personal assistant. Refer to it often.
To list your short and long-term goals – and the progress you make – with each.
Sometimes, out of sight IS out of mind, so writing down your goals in a journal is an excellent way to keep track of them, chart your progress, and yes, evaluate and re-evaluate them as well. What is it that you want to accomplish today? By next month? Next year? Writing down goals – especially as positive “I statements,” is also an excellent way to begin manifesting. You can also include a detailed step-by-step plan of how you will accomplish your goals.
To record sayings that inspire you.
In addition to recording the sayings – or adages – themselves, you can also explore how they specifically inspire you. What does a particular song lyric, passage, or poem say to you? Does it bring back pleasant memories? Invoke a contemplative or positive state-of-mind? Create ecstasy or bliss? This can also be a place where you create your own unique affirmations.
To give thanks.
I also refer to this as a gratitude journal. Creating a daily gratitude practice can assist with the healing process, and I truly believe it’s cumulative. The emotional state of gratitude has the power to alter your feelings and create a positive – and happy – state-of-mind. For example, if you’re in pain, it may be challenging to write about what you’re grateful for, but even a few items can assist with transforming that pain into pleasure. You could list anything from enjoying a cup of coffee at your favorite cafe to finding the right therapist to guide you with the healing process. One way to approach this journal is to alphabetize. In other words, you would list everything you’re grateful for that begins with the letter A and progress through to Z. This is also a great practice to engage in throughout the day and at bedtime. You can do this off-the-page by saying – or thinking about – what you’re grateful for while you take a walk, wait in line at the grocery store or numerous other day-to-day situations. This can also become a daily ritual following meditation or other contemplative practices.
To connect with – and explore – your creative ideas.
Whether or not you want to be a professional/published writer, your journal can be a place where you record – and explore – your creative ideas. You can be as playful and expressive as you want! Consider including doodles, drawings, and collages as well as photographs and other memorabilia – such as travel brochures.
To explore your therapeutic experience.
Many therapists have their clients keep a journal as an integral part of the therapeutic process; some therapists may even refer to this as homework – mandatory or otherwise. This is an excellent practice that can assist you with focusing in on the purpose of each therapy session. You can also make note of what arises between sessions, ask questions for ensuing sessions, as well as explore your therapeutic goals. For example, if you are in therapy to help you through a major life transition, such as your children moving out, re-entering the job market, or the end of a relationship, your journal can be the perfect place to process what you’re feeling – and how you envision – this new chapter in your life.
Terrie Leigh Relf
Terrie Leigh Relf has a bachelor’s degree from Naropa University in Buddhist and Western Psychology, a master’s degree in English with an emphasis in Rhetoric & Writing from SDSU, a master’s level certification as an NLP & Hypnotherapy Life Transformation Coach from Bennett / Stellar University of Integration Coaching & Life Transformation, and master’s level certification as a Reiki practitioner from Marcia Borell of the Usui School. | <urn:uuid:2c83ae29-bda9-4066-9476-2320e1c0f5cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thero.org/2016/09/16/increase-self-awareness-and-discovery-through-journal-writing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958219 | 2,198 | 1.734375 | 2 |
ORLANDO, Fla. — Florida residents are about to have another tool for finding missing and endangered people.
The Florida Department of Law Enforcement will launch the “Purple Alert Program” on July 1.
Most Floridians already know about “Amber Alerts” for missing children and “Silver Alerts” for missing and endangered elderly residents. Purple Alerts are for adults that fall in between.
FDLE said a Purple Alert will be used to help find missing adults suffering from mental, cognitive, intellectual or developmental disabilities.
The state also issues Blue Alerts for suspect information when a police officer is killed, seriously injured, or gone missing in the line of duty.
The Purple Alert program was signed into law by Gov. Ron DeSantis.
Officials said a Purple Alert will be issued when:
• 1. The person is 18 or older and does not qualify for a state- or local-level Silver Alert.
• 2. The person has an intellectual or developmental disability, brain injury or another physical, mental or emotional disability that is not related to substance abuse and does not have Alzheimer’s disease or a dementia-related disorder.
• 3. The local law enforcement agency’s investigation concluded the disappearance poses a credible threat of immediate danger or serious bodily harm to the missing person and they can only be returned to safety through law enforcement intervention.
• 4. There is a detailed description of the missing person suitable for distribution.
• 5. The missing person information has been entered into Florida Crime Information Center (FCIC).
• 6. The law enforcement agency of the relevant jurisdiction recommends activation.
Purple Alert information will be given out to those who sign up to receive them, on highway message signs and on FDLE’s website.
More information on how to sign up for the Purple Alert program can be found here.
©2022 Cox Media Group | <urn:uuid:a72c5485-3429-4f61-b989-ebc471a7332e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wftv.com/news/local/florida-launch-purple-alert-program-help-find-missing-adults-with-disabilities/DXAJSA44VVHLRAIY6DUD5T4GMY/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.910688 | 396 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Have you seen stunning images captured by N.P.A.S., the Birmingham National Police Air Service on their way back home to Birmingham Airport?
Mohammed Hussain, Yellow Cars Manager said, “Usually it’s an astronaut who makes headlines for taking photos from space but when the police air crew make local news for their snaps it’s something very special to see indeed. Sometimes driving around Birmingham we can take for granted the view. The aerial photographs give us a different perspective and appreciation for our beautiful district.”
The air crew’s Twitter account https://twitter.com/npasbirmingham shows the pictures which were gathered as members of the team were making their journey back after being on duty during a missing persons search in South Staffordshire.
The aircraft is equipped with an array of high tech specifications including thermal imaging used in such searches.
Finally, the Yellow Cars Manager said, “The next time our Yellow Cars drivers and passengers see the police helicopter overhead they could be in some of the scenic photographs being posted on social media!”
The award winning Yellow Cars is honoured to celebrate 21 years in business in the West Midlands in 2016. The Mayor of Walsall awarded a Yellow Cars driver for saving the life of an elderly passenger. Here at Yellow Cars we believe in the promise of safety and constant innovation. Just like when we invested in the purchase of state-of-the-art breathalysers which we distributed free of charge to pubs in the community as part of our 2016 road safety drive to keep you and your family safer. Check out our App https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/yellow-cars/id778797063?mt=8 and our website http://www.Yellow-Taxi.co.uk has further information on how we maintain the highest standards within a regulated profession.
Mohammed Hussain, Manager, Yellow Cars.
Tel: 01922 64 64 64. | <urn:uuid:96149317-4d4f-443c-8913-7d6a371d3760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://staffordairporttransfers.co.uk/yellow-cars-wishes-everyone-could-see-beauty-of-birmingham-from-the-air-thanks-to-police-helicopter-crew/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.924374 | 429 | 1.5 | 2 |
According to the International Dyslexia Association, 15 to 20 percent of the U.S. population may have symptoms of dyslexia. These include slow or incorrect reading, poor spelling and poor writing. Although not all reading problems are caused by dyslexia, some similar accommodation arrangements can help many struggling students. Using the best fonts for dyslexia is one way you can help.
How does this font work?
First, it’s important to understand that switching to a different font will not magically “cure” dyslexia, but they can be helpful. Unless you ignore other proven techniques to help with dyslexia (and other learning disorders), these fonts are another tool in your toolkit.
According to research, the best fonts for dyslexia (and other learning disorders) share these features:
Photo: Creative Spark
The word literally means “without serif.” Serifs are those small guesses at the end of letters that make some fonts look a little fancy. The Times New Roman Hall is a classic example of a serif font, Arial is a common Sun serif alternative.
Image: Microsoft Docs
Diagonal fonts are a diagonal version of a font, while diagonal fonts have a diagonal and more stylized look. Either way, this style significantly reduces readability, so stick to the straight font, also known as Roman style.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
In a monospace font, each letter (and space) takes up the same amount of horizontal space in a line. The reverse is the proportional or variable-width font. Monospace fonts are hard to find nowadays, but there are some good options.
Specially designed fonts such as Dyslexie and OpenDyslexic add one more feature. They try to make the differences between mirrored letters like “d” and “b” more obvious, with subtle changes in their appearance. Some researchers think that special fonts like Dyslexi do not offer any real benefits. But they also say there is no harm in trying.
The best standard font for dyslexia
With these criteria in mind, these four standard peaks are generally recommended as the best fonts for dyslexia. These are available on almost every computer, so consider setting one of them as your default
This Sun Serif, non-italic font is not monospaced, but Ariel is still a good choice unless you diagonalize it.
If you are looking for a serif font, try Courier. It is monospaced, which makes it easy to read from its cousin Times New Roman.
Here is another Sun Serif font to try. Note that like Arial, it is not monospace, but it is still clear and easy to read.
Another font that is not monospace but San Serif, Verdana is rated as fairly easy to read overall.
Fonts specially designed for dyslexia
There are a few fonts on the market that may or may not make a real difference to people with dyslexia. Although the research is still out, it doesn’t hurt to try them.
In dyslexia, the characters have heavy bottoms, slightly consistent sizes, and long sticks. This is a licensed font, and you must pay to use it in all your programs Learn more about dyslexia here.
OpenDyslexic is a free font and it uses heavy bottoms and irregular shapes just like Dyslexi. Learn more about OpenDyslexic here.
Other good fonts for dyslexia
Try not to tremble, but Comic Sun is often recommended for people with dyslexia. The irregular design of the letters makes it easy to read. (Only “b” and “d” are true mirrors.)
You can also try using Century Gothic, Trebuchet, Calibri, Open Sans and Tahoma. In general, remember to choose simple fonts without serifs that provide good spacing between characters. Avoid fonts that are “thick” and do not use diagonal versions. | <urn:uuid:f96a88b7-b28d-4553-8fe1-455ebfb0bfd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teresajenee.com/the-best-fonts-for-dyslexia-and-why-they-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928351 | 858 | 2.953125 | 3 |
In the wake of the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting in which a white supremacist shot and killed 11 congregants during Shabbat services last October, many synagogues looked for ways to pay for additional security. But after Saturday’s shooting by a suspected white nationalist in a Poway, Calif., synagogue killed one congregant, money is no longer an issue, according to the president of the New York Board of Rabbis.
“If there were any holdouts on synagogue boards because of concern over how to pay for additional security, they are not able to hold out anymore,” said the president, Rabbi Lester Bronstein, spiritual leader of Bet Am Shalom Synagogue in White Plains. “And that is not stopping people from coming to shul — they are not being scared away.”
While synagogues take steps to ramp up security, they are paying for it either through donations or through a special security fee imposed on all congregants. In addition, many are seeking financial assistance from a $60 million federal security grant available to all nonprofits. For the first time since the grants were offered five years ago, they may now be used to pay for security guards, according to David Pollock, associate executive director of the Jewish Community Relations Council of New York. The grants, which are for as much as $100,000, are awarded to selected institutions who apply by May 8.
Rabbi Joseph Potasnik, executive vice president of the New York Board of Rabbis, said the “cost of providing adequate security is often prohibitive, which is why it is imperative we seek additional government funding to augment what we have now.”
Several lawmakers agree, including Sen. Kristen Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), who signed a letter to fellow senators asking that they increase the security grant program by another $15 million to $75 million for the next fiscal year’s budget.
“These funds are especially important considering [law enforcement has] found that domestic extremists; perpetrators of hate crimes; homegrown violent extremists; and foreign terrorist organizations will continue to pose a lethal threat to faith-based communities in the Homeland, particularly against perceived soft targets such as religious and cultural facilities,” the letter said.
Although some have expressed concern that the heightened security might make American synagogues resemble those in much of Europe, which are protected with armed security guards who verify the identity of all visitors, Rabbi Jack Moline, president of Interfaith Alliance, said he does not believe “Jews in the United States — or any faith community — are ready to turn houses of worship into the fortified and guarded centers like those in much of the rest of the world. For all of our legitimate concern, the level of danger is still small and likely deterred by much fewer extreme measures.”
The Anti-Defamation League reported “near-historic levels of anti-Semitism in 2018, including a doubling of the number of victims of anti-Semitic assaults — 59 compared with 21 in 2017.” In addition, it reported a surge in white supremacist activity, punctuated by the shooting spree in Pittsburgh, the deadliest attack on Jews in U.S. history.
Overall, it said there was a 5 percent decline in the total number of anti-Semitic incidents last year — 1,879 compared with 1,986 incidents reported in 2017. Nevertheless, the number was 48 percent higher than the total in 2016 and 99 percent higher than in 2015. And the organization found also that anti-Semitic attacks, harassment and vandalism “was still pervasive in the U.S,” with all but four states reporting anti-Semitic incidents. The greatest number of incidents were in those states with the largest Jewish populations — California (341), New York (340), New Jersey (200) and Massachusetts (144).
In New York State, the number of anti-Semitic assaults jumped 55 percent in 2018 over the previous year. The total of 17 assaults in the state represented about half of the 39 recorded nationally. In addition, the number of anti-Semitic incidents on college campuses rose from 23 in 2017 to 32 last year.
In the 30 days following the shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh on Oct. 27, there were 72 anti-Semitic incidents in New York State. In fact, in the entire fourth quarter of 2018 there were 143 anti-Semitic incidents — a 170 percent increase over the prior quarter of 2018.
“The anti-Semitic violence that we observed in 2018, not only in New York, but around the country, is truly alarming,” said Evan Bernstein, regional director of the ADL’s New York/New Jersey office, who noted that the worst attack occurred last April in Borough Park in which a man was assaulted and “continuously choked” for several minutes.
David Harris, CEO of the American Jewish Committee, pointed out that the FBI has said Jews remain the primary target of religiously motivated hate crimes and he called on Congress to hold hearings on violence motivated by white supremacist ideologies.
“When will this open hunting season on Jews end?” he asked in a statement following the Poway shooting. “Once again, American Jews are compelled to ask what more can be done to protect houses of worship, indeed all Jewish institutions, even as we extend our deep condolences to the family and friends of Lori Gilbert Kaye, and a full recovery of those wounded, including a child, in this heinous attack during a Shabbat service on the last day of Passover.”
‘Normalization of Anti-Semitism’
In its audit released this week, the ADL found also that some 13 percent or 249 anti-Semitic incidents nationally were attributable to known extremist groups or individuals inspired by extremist ideologies — the highest number since 2004.
Jacques Berlinerblau, director of the Center for Jewish Civilization at Georgetown University, suggested that part of the reason for this increase has been the “coarsening of the public discourse from the top. …. The president doesn’t say anything about Jews, but he speaks about minorities. He says things about Muslims, Mexicans and women and he will articulate sentiments about other groups that open floodgates for others to go down well-worn paths of discrimination. From the moment that he cannot categorically repudiate white supremacists, as his predecessors have done for half a century, he sets the tone for the expression of anti-Semitic sentiments in thought and in action.”
In a conference call with reporters, Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the ADL, said it is “incumbent for our leaders in public and private sectors to lead … [and] clearly denounce anti-Semitism and hate long before it becomes a problem. … [They should] reinforce shared values like decency and fairness and respect for all people regardless of faith or race.”
He said also that “we are seeing a normalization of anti-Semitism. There have always been swastikas in public spaces and cemetery desecrations, but what is new and troubling is its pervasiveness. It has nearly doubled since 2015. And we know extremists feel emboldened because they are telling us as much on message boards.”
Earlier this month, President Donald Trump was asked if he believed white nationalism was a rising threat worldwide. He said he did not, believing they are “a small group of people that have very, very serious problems.” But the AJC has called on the U.S. government to make the examination of white supremacists a national priority, and Greenblatt said the ADL believes “white supremacy is a global terror threat.” He pointed to the “radicalization of individuals who emerge as lone wolves, like the shooter this weekend and Robert Bowers.”
Bowers is the suspect in the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting. The suspect in last Saturday’s shooting at the Chabad at Poway is John Earnest, 19, who claimed to have been inspired by last month’s massacre of Muslims at mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, by a self-radicalized white supremacist.
The funeral for the woman he is charged with killing, Lori Gilbert-Kaye, 60, was held at the same synagogue he attacked and was attended by a reported 1,000 mourners. It was officiated by Rabbi Yisroel Goldstein, who was shot in the hand by the gunman.
Among those attending was Michael Masters, national director and CEO of the Secure Community Network, the national homeland security initiative of the North American Jewish community. He said he had a chance to meet with the border patrol agent who fired a shot at the gunman as he fled the synagogue when his AR-15 style gun jammed after he shot and killed Gilbert-Kaye and wounded three others. Moments earlier, an Army veteran, Oscar Stewart, confronted the gunman, tried to tackle him and chased him out of the synagogue.
“Those men did instinctively in a time of crisis what we would hope all first responders and military [personnel] would do — put themselves in harm’s way to defend the people in the shul,” Masters said. “The latest events have focused attention on how to increase security, and part of that conversation can be about physically securing the building, training and planning. Having a guard at the door and a [security] camera is not a security strategy. One of the readings at the funeral referenced the phrase, ‘The Lord will give strength to His people; The Lord will bless His people with peace.’ We start that phrase with the idea of strength — internal and external — to create the conditions for peace.”
He said that since the Pittsburgh shooting, his office has received “over 1,000 requests for service, an indicator that the community recognizes how critical it is that our community is open for business. We wouldn’t want anyone to second guess if it is safe to walk into a synagogue, a JCC, a day school, summer camp, or Jewish federation.”
Pollock of the JCRC said he has received requests for help with security from more than 200 synagogues and other Jewish institutions since the Pittsburgh shooting. With a grant from UJA-Federation of New York, the Jewish Communal Fund and the Paul E. Singer Foundation, Pollock said he contracted with a prominent security company to conduct security assessments at those institutions that requested assistance.
“Local police can also do an assessment,” he said. “We are providing a deep dive, looking at institution’s security equipment, policies, planning and training in terms of what you do in case of an active shooter. … People have three options: run and avoid the bad guy, hide if you can’t get away, or fight and confront the bad guy if you have no other option. … In the second mosque attack in New Zealand, one of the congregants picked up a credit card machine and knocked the gun out of his hand. He was then arrested. … Do anything to disrupt the killer.”
Pollock noted that after the Pittsburgh shooting he anticipated there would be a record number of applicants for the $60 million federal security grant. In the wake of the Poway shooting and with the application deadline only days away, he said he would expect there will be even more.
Information about the synagogue security grant can be found at jcrcny.org/securitygrants. | <urn:uuid:5181b3e5-7261-473c-bce8-5ef598d49e69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jta.org/2019/05/01/ny/amid-push-for-shul-security-funds-anti-semitic-violence-truly-alarming | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969375 | 2,361 | 1.523438 | 2 |
I am a firefighter in a town of around 1200. The other day we had a house fire and used a hydrant (which up until recently was a rarity in this town). Anyway, later that same day a main was found to be leaking SEVERAL blocks from where the fire was. Through the grapevine, we heard that our city administrator blamed this on the fire department. So my question is, how often do mains break as a result of firefighting operations?
If you were pumping the hydrant, you could collapse a line in the system at any weak point. Water hammer is something that could be a cause for concern but I don't believe (my opinion) that the water hammer can go anywhere past the pump and into the water system with any affect. In the year 2009, I find it extremely sad that there are no back-flow prevention devices on hydrants. This could eliminate this issue (if in fact it was caused by water hammer) and also would prevent any contamination of water systems.
If the driver/operator is doing a proper job and watching his panel,
there will be an almost NO possibility of breaking a main through a
miscalculation. He should ALWAYS leave a positive intake pressure
on his guage (20psi MINIMUM) and be attentive that he doesn't "run
away from his water". Also, if the relief valve is properly set at the
panel, then any water hammer resulting from sudden shutdown of a
line will be diverted from the supply system. Again, training is the
most important thing here.
Another little trick is whenever possible,the D/O can leave the "tank
fill" valve open and the "tank to pump", thus recirculating water and
lessening any concussions from a water hammer.
If the firefighters on the line are properly trained, they will know that
it is safer, easier and more controllable to open and shut the nozzle
in a smooth action and not abruptly. This not only prevents a water
hammer, butlessens any reaction form stopping./startin streams and
also prevents the possiblility of rupturing a line as well as a main.
I'm in a volly dept. in which the area covered, and it's surrounding communities involved in mutual aid, does not have hydrants. So, therefore, we don't train in it. I want to move on to a career FF position and will need to know some of this information. Thanks.
So by "sucking dry"...do you mean that the pumper is trying to get more water than the hydrant can produce?
I wouldn't do this, but I have seen it done a couple of times. Garage fires that were very quickly knocked down by 'laying a line' and attaching a nozzle to the supply line. This was when we used 2.5"/3" for supply lines so you can tell it was a long time ago.
I am the head of our Water Dept and it can happen on even well maintained systems. We have had mains burst from supply line valves shut down to fast (water hammer) Quarter turn valves are the easiest to do this with as we have had a water operator do this also. Condition of the pipe and soil conditions also contribute to this. I preach to the guys open slowly and close slowly! As far as backflow on hydrants Mueller has just came out with a hydrant with a flapper valve in the bottom boot. Retro fitting old hydrants is cost prohibitive. | <urn:uuid:5bc50317-d8a5-4fd2-a9bc-7fcd71837783> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://my.firefighternation.com/forum/topics/how-often-does-hydrant-use?page=2&commentId=889755%3AComment%3A4357807&x=1#889755Comment4357807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.972567 | 731 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Emphasizing creativity, living role models boost girls’ interest in STEM
Tuesday, July 09, 2019
For the first time, the number of female college graduates in the labor force has surpassed that of their male counterparts, per a new Pew Research Center analysis of 2019 first-quarter data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Yet, the number of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) jobs remains steady and below 30%, despite corporations and nonprofits partnering to promote STEM education for girls. It’s even dropped in some sectors like computer science, according to a recent 60 Minutes news report.
The Pew analysis shows that women account for only 25% of college-educated workers in computer occupations and 15% of college-educated workers in engineering occupations.
To shed light on how we as educators can help shift these stats, I spoke with international educator and STEM author Erin Twamley. Through research on the gender achievement gap visible in test scores and sharing the diverse faces of STEM in classrooms, she is working to help students see themselves in STEM.
Here are some of her strategies that empower female students while engaging all students.
Broaden the definition of STEM
"First, we need to redefine STEM and how we approach it as educators, and then look at how to encourage girls’ participation and skills in these areas," explained Twamley.
Instead of compartmentalizing STEM into subject areas, we need to focus on supporting students in developing skills that are the building blocks used in STEM disciplines. Through project-based learning that involves scientific discovery, problem solving, creativity and investigation, students can be engaging in STEM processes every day — even at a very young age.
"For example, what young child doesn’t love to solve puzzles?" asks Twamley. "Let a child’s natural curiosity drive learning and then associate that learning process with STEM."
Landstuhl Girl Scout Troop (Germany) learning about astronomer Dr. Wanda Diaz-Merced and making telescopes with Erin Twamley.
Helping kids make the link between activities they enjoy and STEM
Indeed, helping girls make the association between certain activities they enjoy and STEM may be a missing piece of the puzzle.
Creativity is key for girls based on research done at Microsoft, shared Bonnie Ross, a corporate vice president at Microsoft in charge of its video game studio, in the aforementioned 60 minutes program.
"Of the girls we've talked to, 91% of them feel that they are creative, they identify with being creative. But when asked about computer science, they don't see computer science as creative," she told CBS correspondent Sharyn Alfonsi.
"And so, I think that we do need to connect the dots. Because it is incredibly creative, it's just that we're not doing a good job of showing them what they can do with it."
Portraying today’s female STEM heroes
An analysis by Northwestern University researchers of five decades of “draw a scientist” studies suggest that children begin to associate science with men in grade school. Over 70% of today’s elementary school and middle school children drew scientists as men with while lab coats and glasses — with the tendency increasing as they get older.
"These changes across children’s age likely reflect that children’s exposure to male scientists accumulates during development, even in recent years," notes David Uttal, co-author of the Northwestern study and professor of education and psychology.
"We need to do a better job of sharing stories and images of people working in STEM, not just old dead scientists!" emphasizes Twamley. "Let’s show kids who’s creating your favorite movie characters today, who’s designing your favorite apps, and the games you like to play."
She took it upon herself to create a new resource by co-authoring a book featuring 26 diverse women currently working in STEM, "Everyday Superheroes: Women in STEM Careers."
In creating the book, she was inspired in part by the hashtag #actuallivingscientists, and asked herself, "Who are the next generation of STEM women leaders? What they are working on?"
In a May Newsweek article, entitled "Women in STEM: Without female role models, we risk losing brilliant minds in the field," Margaret A. Hamburg and Nicole Small write, "For girls, seeing someone who looks like them, as well as understanding how that woman got to where she is, buoys them with courage to chase their dreams."
"It's a proven approach," they continue, pointing to a 2018 Microsoft survey that showed having STEM role models increases girls' interest in STEM careers from 32% to 52%.
Role models, who Twamley introduces as “STEM Superheroes,” include environmental scientist Janice Lao, who works with hotels to reduce their carbon footprint, and Sonya Carey, the animator of beloved Disney princess Tiana. Currently, she takes the sharing of these diverse stories and mentors to Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) military schools in Europe.
Interestingly, among the approximately 5,000 children, teachers and parents she’s reached at her live visits, no one has complained that the STEM stories feature only women. On the contrary, through her presentations and books she’s seen a lot of "a-ha" moments when a reader/student relates to one of the images and is excited to see someone who looks like them.
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See your work in future editions
Your content, Your Expertise,
Your Industry Needs YOUR Expert Voice & We've got the platform you needFind Out How | <urn:uuid:ed0cfd74-155f-40f4-b69b-c6efd2bb7b7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/emphasizing-creativity-living-role-models-boost-girls-interest-in-stem/education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952271 | 1,353 | 3.28125 | 3 |
The Most Magnificent Temples in the World?Silhouetted by the hazy mid-morning sun, the temple rose up out of the ground, turrets reflected in the motionless lake below. It seemed that we were in our very own Indiana Jones movie, surrounded by lush green vegetation and with vultures circling above our heads. It can only be imagined how French explorer Henri Mahout felt in 1860 when he stumbled upon this forgotten metropolis of soaring towers, dramatic carvings and endless courtyards, swallowed up into the heart of the Cambodian jungle.
A Short History of the Angkor ComplexThe word “Angkor” is derived from the Sanskrit ‘nagara’ meaning ‘city’, which gives some indication of the sheer grandeur of this astounding temple complex. Built originally for the King Suryavarman II, this awe-inspiring site flourished as the capital of the Khmer Empire from approximately the 9th to the 13th century. For various political reasons the city was abandoned and the capital was relocated to Phnom Penh, marking the end of the Great Khmer Empire. Thankfully, the subsequent rediscovery and restoration of the site allow visitors from all over the world to enjoy the Angkor Archaeological Park once again and provides a stunning demonstration of how the world’s largest pre-industrial city functioned.
Tourism TodayToday Angkor forms a crucial part of the Cambodian tourism industry, attracting over a million tourists every year. Frequently heralded as the “Eighth Wonder of the World”, the ancient city is a photographer’s paradise, and offers a staggering 400km² of temple ruins and monuments. Many tourists arrive before daybreak to watch the sunrise crawl over Angkor Wat’s majestic towers. However, we were advised to arrive later to avoid becoming part of the manic circus of tuk-tuks racing around the ruins. This was valuable advice, as we remained one step behind the crowds, often finding ourselves entirely alone in shaded courtyards and free to explore Angkor’s secrets. Another option is to stay until sunset and watch the stunning scenery melt into darkness.
Entrance PassesTickets are available for 1, 3 or 5 days, and are sold on the door and printed with the visitor’s photo. The prices (as of 2021) are as follows…
- 1-Day $37
- 3-Day $62 (valid for 10 days)
- 7-Day $72 (valid for 1 month)
Some of the Most Popular Temples…The size of the archaeological park is overwhelming to the first time visitor, with the main temple ‘Angkor Wat’ (which backpackers often confuse for the name of the entire temple complex) alone sprawling over 1km.
Angkor Wat:This stunning temple, dedicated to the Hindu God Vishnu, is the most visited of the Angkor temples and is a proud symbol of Cambodian nationality. It is said to represent Mount Meru, heaven on earth and a celestial home for the Gods. It is possible to hire a guide either for individual temples or for the day, a worthwhile investment to appreciate the fascinating history and architecture of the ruins. Our guide was friendly and helpful, and helped us discover the secrets of this particular temple. He led us through the labyrinth of endless passages and shared ancient superstitions and stories. Mysterious chambers revealed Buddhas shrouded in orange cloth, perched amongst incense candles that filled the air with perfume.
Angkor Thom and Bayon:The other area most popular with visitors is Angkor Thom, and within it Angkor’s strangest temple: Bayon. Impossibly ornate, its towers depict 214 smiling faces, and the walls are richly decorated with carvings of historical events and scenes from the everyday life of the Angkorian Khmer. The stories behind these are largely forgotten in the mists of time, and the visitor is left to contemplate the 9km long gallery of elephants, battle scenes and Khmer dancers.
Ta ProhmMy favourite temple was the mysterious ruin of Ta Prohm, recognisable to many as the original ‘Tomb Raider’ temple. Here the destructive power of the jungle has not been stalled and gigantic gnarled roots twist and grip the temple walls. We clambered over fallen stones and became lost amongst the ruins, discovering their secrets for ourselves. Photographs fail to capture the restful atmosphere and the majestic, silent power of the ancient trees. At only a day’s journey from Bangkok, and 6 hours from the capital of Phnom Penh, a visit to Angkor provides a unique opportunity to see the last evidence of an ancient age…
Some Practical Tips for Visitors to Angkor
Getting there:Angkor is located 15 minutes from Siem Reap, where there is a selection of affordable accommodation. Tourists walk, bike, drive and even ride elephants around the temples, but the most popular option is to take a tuk tuk. The drivers are knowledgeable and will help you decide a route incorporating the sites you wish to see. Most guesthouses will help you organise this and agree a fair price with a driver.
Eat:Finding food whilst at Angkor is no problem. Dozens of small noodle and snack shops have sprung up around the temples, and competition keeps prices lower than in Siem Reap and certainly within the reaches of the budget traveller. Tuk tuk drivers are usually allowed to eat for free if they bring diners, so you are doing them a favour too. If you fancy something a bit more special, Angkor Cafe lies just outside Angkor Wat’s main entrance. The prices are still within reach of most budgets, and the air-conditioning provides a welcome respite from the heat.
Wear:It is important to remember that Angkor is a Khmer holy site, and it is best to follow a respectful dress code of “long trousers/skirt and covered shoulders.”
Beware:Watch out for the monkeys! They are pesky! On a serious note, don’t feed or approach these critters, as they are often bad-tempered, as my friend discovered!
By Lucy Laycock
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Find travel buddies. Get advice. Have all your questions answered by travellers on the ground in Southeast Asia right now. | <urn:uuid:36248500-4d3e-4933-b84e-84fffa9e7ddb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://youth-uplift.org/index-293.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928196 | 1,344 | 2.484375 | 2 |
It makes perfect sense when you think about it. A generation of martial artists that grew up with Street Fighter. Of course they’re going to copy the characters they once played in video games.
But according to (brilliant) MMA journalist and analyst Jack Slack, the influences flow both ways. Games were influenced by real life fighters, who then influenced new fighters, who are now influencing video games. Such is life.
UFC heavyweight and kickboxer, Pat Barry famously remarked that one of his greatest fighting inspirations was Sagat from Street Fighter, also ranking Sagat top on a list of men he wouldn’t want to fight, above Mike Tyson. Yet a young Barry might have been unaware that Sagat was largely inspired by the real Muay Thai icon, Sagat Petchyindee. So Barry was inspired by a video game character, which in turn was inspired by a real life fighter. Convoluted, but also sort of wonderful!
Today, on VICE’s martial arts portal ‘Fightland’, Jack Slack has put together a great little article about the back and forth flow of video games and martial arts. He’s one of my favourite writers in any discipline so I thoroughly recommend giving it a read. | <urn:uuid:88875ce4-2267-4ffb-8aaf-9281c08886e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kotaku.com.au/2015/07/street-fighter-influenced-real-life-fighters-and-now-theyre-influencing-street-fighter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971293 | 258 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Welcome back, my inklings, to Writamins! Your regular dose of condensed writing nutrition designed to get you pumped, get you thinking about your craft and get your project in gear!
This weekend is Independence Day here in America and many of my readers will likely be spending time with friends and relatives trying not to explode while the kids survive the annual pyrotechnic ritual we affectionately call “The 4th of July”. Now how, you might ask, is an inkling supposed to get work done on their magnum opus on a holiday weekend? Take some Writamin D, of course!
Writamin D: Dialogue:
Dialogue is crucial to building believable and compelling characters and understanding dialogue requires an understanding of real conversations. So if you’re going to be with friends or family over the weekend you should have as many conversations as possible! Talk to the kids, talk to the people your age, and if you’re fortunate enough to still have them in your life talk to your elders. Pay attention to how the conversations differ. How are they the same?
Remember, everything in life is research for the writer who is paying attention and noticing details!
Now for the active ingredients of Vitamin D.
8 Quick Tips For Great Dialogue
1. Dialogue has three primary purposes in your writing: plot movement, characterization and exposition (world building, dropping info about the past, showing relationships between certain characters and so on). Try to notice what a piece of dialogue is doing for your project. If it isn’t doing any of these three things then it may be an unnecessary line.
2. You should generally avoid dialogue that includes, “Everybody knows that ______”. If everybody knows something there is little natural reason for one of your characters to explain it to another.
3. Try to keep your dialogue focused. Real conversations meander but this makes for hazy plotting in books. If it’s moving the story forward and bringing the reader in then your doing well.
4. Make your characters speak like real people and allow conversations to flow. Your job is to make the reader forget that they are reading a story. They should feel like they are overhearing real people talking. Even so, don’t completely lose sight of the plot.
5. Swearing is unnecessary. No one notices when there is no swearing in a good story. People who are offended will put a book down immediately when they find bad language (I know I do), but no one will suddenly stop reading a book because there hasn’t been a swear yet.
Example: If you’re writing a character who would likely swear to be believable, take a look at this exert from Treasure Island:
“There,” John would add, “you can’t touch pitch and not be mucked, lad. Here’s this poor old innocent bird o’ mine swearing blue fire, and none the wiser, you may lay to that. She would swear the same, in a manner of speaking, before chaplain.”
It’s interesting to note that while the book is about pirates and a parrot with an admittedly filthy mouth there’s no actual swearing in it. If we must know that a character swears, phrases like “He swore under his breath,” or “She bellowed out the worst words she could think of,” can work perfectly while not losing you a single reader in the process.
6. Subtext is very important to making great dialogue. You can imply a lot about the relationship between two characters by what they won’t tell each other. For example, Jacob has just heard from Shannon and her ex-boyfriend asks him about her. If Jacob responds, “I haven’t heard from her in a while,” it adds intrigue and hints at something deeper going on here.
7. Forced dialogue happens when what I call a “Jump” occurs. If a character responds in conversation with information that required a sudden correct assumption to move the plot forward, it’s a Jump. Readers may be willing to accept one or two of these jumps in a conversation but too many and the whole section will feel contrived. Look for your characters’ responses to be logical and reasonable, often you can fix a bad dialogue jump easily just by adding a better set-up line that gives the information you were missing to justify the next statement.
Example: Your daredevil, Dustin, has discovered that his motorcycle won’t start. He says, “That’s impossible! It was working this morning. Ted must be trying to interfere with me.”
By itself, with no prior mention of Ted, we might find this to be a bit paranoid and unfair to Ted. But if we precede this by having Dustin’s mechanic tell him, “Hey, I ran into your brother Ted leaving out the back before you came in. He said your motorcycle was busted.” Now we can easily join Dustin in his suspicions since from his response we know that the bike was working earlier that day, and as an added bonus we got a little exposition that told us Dustin and Ted are brothers. We also learned that the mechanic isn’t suspicious of Ted because of how they weren’t alarmed that he was in the garage alone.
8. Take all of your dialogue and grab a friend. Remove all the attributions and treat it like a script. Read the dialogue to each other out loud as if you are in a play. You should hear the jumps in logic, the clunky responses, the unjustified changes in emotion. All these things happen in first drafts, so don’t worry. Just tweak it to sound more human. Your reader is going to subconsciously compare your written dialogue to normal conversations they’ve overheard and taken part in, so this is a great test to see how convincing your dialogue is in its current state.
Have a safe and fun Independence Day, my inklings, and until next time, stay creative!
Robert JV Christensen | <urn:uuid:ebc2defd-951f-4821-8491-baa52382bbfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rjvchristensen.wordpress.com/2015/07/03/8-quick-tips-for-great-dialogue-writamins-vitamin-d/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959027 | 1,267 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Contrary to what one might think at first, the answer is a resounding NO! The aspiration that the result of our efforts should have a sense of purpose and should be useful for others comes first. It is essential to be motivated with what we do. Every single day we invest many hours performing different tasks, so if we should be “hooked” on our work, be able to find a transcendental meaning in it, it would make a great difference in how we cope with the various aspects of it.
Of course, we hope to be on a payroll or to receive a financial reward, but we also want to see that what we have done is useful. If you pay a certain amount of money to an employee to perform a task (for example, to make a cake) and you shatter it before his/her eyes without reaching its purpose, their level of commitment to what he/she is doing will drop fast.
Numerous studies aim to discover what causes some employees to be more connected with their work. Establishing a correlation between the four key factors: engagement, job performance, proactive behavior, and job crafting seems to be an important factor. In other words, engaged employees do not only make full use of available job resources, they also create their own resources working more- and better.
The Flow theory states that when we are absorbed in a work that satisfies us, time and space are diluted devoting high levels of concentration and energy to carry out whatever we are doing in the best possible way. This is when stimulating mechanisms lead us to be innovative, but also to think that we are doing something worthwhile which makes us proud of ourselves. This creates a state of positive feedback (intrinsic factor) that combined with a leadership style that empowers and recognizes the person (extrinsic factor), forms a virtuous circle and a win-win situation.
Of course, engagement is not a constant. People suffer from fluctuations in productivity levels and in pleasure throughout the day depending on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A sleepless night, worrying about a family member’s health, or simply thinking too much about the tasks that await us at the office, can cause states of exhaustion that lead to a decreased levels of activation. Negative factors at the office may include: an effort that is not recognized, low levels of autonomy or a lack in resources (time, people, and material) to carry out everyday tasks or innovative projects – and they may all easily diminish engagement.
Engaged collaborators are much more than people ready to do an extra effort when required: they are professionals who think, feel, and act to maintain commitment on their own initiative. For this to happen, it is necessary that companies facilitate a healthy environment that stimulate their autonomy with challenging tasks, real innovation, and leaders who empower them.
Consider all of this when starting a business. You have to decide where you’re going, how you’re going to get there, and what type of people do you want on your team. | <urn:uuid:5569c368-887f-4237-a03c-8e1de325b89f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.arnian.com/en/2015/11/10/are-we-working-only-for-money-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961658 | 622 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Raiber is a large village located in Baisa Block of Purnia district, Bihar with total 475 families residing. The Raiber village has population of 2444 of which 1324 are males while 1120 are females as per Population Census 2011.
In Raiber village population of children with age 0-6 is 508 which makes up 20.79 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Raiber village is 846 which is lower than Bihar state average of 918. Child Sex Ratio for the Raiber as per census is 881, lower than Bihar average of 935.
Raiber village has lower literacy rate compared to Bihar. In 2011, literacy rate of Raiber village was 38.12 % compared to 61.80 % of Bihar. In Raiber Male literacy stands at 47.53 % while female literacy rate was 26.87 %.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Raiber village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village. Our website, don't have information about schools and hospital in Raiber village.
|Total No. of Houses
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 3.89 % of total population in Raiber village.
The village Raiber currently doesn’t have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population.
In Raiber village out of total population, 788 were engaged in work activities. 62.69 % of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 37.31 % were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.
Of 788 workers engaged in Main Work, 75 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 270 were Agricultural labourer. | <urn:uuid:9a73b0b4-0bbd-4d20-88df-5b2199456233> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/223885-raiber-bihar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950794 | 546 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Bible Book Summary
1 Chronicles Summary
by Jay Smith
The book of 1st Chronicles is a book of Narrative History, and Genealogies. The author appears to be the prophet Ezra who wrote it circa 430 B.C. It covers the events from 1000 to 960 B.C. Key personalities are King David and Solomon.
This book parallels some of 2nd Samuel, and therefore describes similar events. It was written after the exile, its purpose was to encourage the remnant that had come out of the Babylonian captivity. It begins with the ancestry of the nations past, but it is not chronological.
• In chapter 1-9, the book begins with Adam and runs through the genealogies of Israel. It continues through all the 12 tribes of Israel, then King David, and then the Priestly line. The descendants teach the history of the nation, extending from God’s creation all the way through the exile in Babylon. “Now Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, “Oh that You would bless me indeed and enlarge my border, and that Your hand might be with me, and that You would keep me from harm that it may not pain me!” And God granted him what he requested” (4:10).
• From chapters 10-29, there is a review from King Saul’s death with the Philistines, through King David’s reign, including the preparation for the building of the new temple, which Solomon would build, “David also told his son Solomon, ‘Be strong and courageous, and do the work. Don't be afraid or terrified. The LORD God, my God, will be with you. He will not abandon you before all the work on the LORD's temple is finished” (28:20). The book ends with Solomon’s reigning as king of Israel. | <urn:uuid:12c4f72f-b1a8-4bf6-940e-90255f153db6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biblehub.com/summary/1_chronicles/15.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961399 | 388 | 2.875 | 3 |
An exploration of the ongoing tug-of-war between fairness and flexibility in the Australian workplace.
When Labor swept to power in 2007 it carried a clear mandate to bury the Howard government’s controversial Work Choices reforms.
Its Fair Work legislation, which took effect in July 2009, was eagerly anticipated by those seeking a more equitable balance between employee rights and employer flexibility.
But 8 months on, controversy remains. Some say Fair Work delivers. Some say it’s little different. Others, including Opposition leader Tony Abbott, say it goes too far.
So how has Fair Work changed labour laws? What are its implications? And can the Coalition present a deregulatory alternative without reigniting community protest?
As another election looms, the University of Adelaide’s Professor Andrew Stewart presents a timely exploration of these important issues
About the Speaker
Professor Andrew Stewart is the John Bray Professor of Law at the University of Adelaide. He is also President of the Australian Labour Law Association, consults to national legal firm Piper Alderman and provided technical assistance to the federal government on its Fair Work legislation. | <urn:uuid:ee3c3c2e-62c4-4b9e-9260-10335567d380> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.adelaide.edu.au/researchtuesdays/2010/03/09/whos-the-boss-an-exploration-of-the-ongoing-tug-of-war-between-fairness-and-flexibility-in-the-australian-workplace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946534 | 224 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Documents simply signed through the course of normal business may still be considered contracts. Purchase orders, receipts, sales agreements and others can be held legally binding under certain circumstances. For any such agreements, it is important that you understand your end of the bargain and the legal consequences of it. Otherwise, you could be held legally accountable for something you did not expect.
How Can I Ensure a Contract is Good?
Reading a document before you sign it is obviously the cardinal rule. The terms outlining your duties under the contract are especially worthy of special attention. If the document is too lengthy for a worthwhile read, or it is so commonplace that reading it is not practical, there are still other ways you can effectively review it. An attorney in Waterford, Wisconsin can review any standardized documents that are signed during routine business, and can also look over any individual contract before you sign it. As they review contracts, Attorneys ensure that the written documents match the intent of their clients.
What if I Don't Understand a Contract in Wisconsin?
A contract is a written form of an agreement, not the agreement itself. Contract language is cumbersome, but it is your understanding of the actual agreement that typically matters most. Given that your understanding of the contract is what matters, problems may result if you rely exclusively on the other party's representation of the contract terms. There are third parties in Waterford who are qualified to review and explain contracts. Regardless of how complicated the negotiations in a specific field may be, giving the intent of the parties legal effect is the objective of all contracts under Wisconsin law. | <urn:uuid:521d1734-5bce-4509-a05d-06d60de119f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/WI/Waterford/contract-review.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.958575 | 318 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Playing it safe in Central Asia6 November 2009
Many of Central Asia’s ageing large dams are located in the basins of transboundary rivers. The United Nations is leading an initiative to promote the safe operation and management of such structures in the region. Bo Libert, Erkin Orolbaev and Yuri Steklov give more details
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), in particular through its Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, is engaged in promoting cooperation on the management of shared water resources in Central Asia. This is a precondition for sustainable development in the subregion. One direction of activities is promoting the safe operation of dams and other large water management structures.
Large dams represent a very important segment of the water management infrastructure of Central Asia. According to icold classification, out of more than 1200 dams in the region, 110 are large dams. Many of these are located in the basins of transboundary rivers such as the Amu Darya, the Syr Darya, the Ili and the Irtysh. One of the world’s highest dams, the 300m tall Nurek Dam, is located on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amu Darya in Tajikistan.
The economic hydro power potential in Central Asia is estimated at 400B kWh annually, 10% of which is exploited. The region could cover more than 70% of projected electricity needs by hydro power. The main part (about 90%) of this hydro potential is found in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In these countries, new hydro power stations are being constructed, one example being the Rogun station in Tajikistan on the Vakhsh River. With a 335m high rockfill dam and a water volume of 13.8km3, Rogun is designed to have an installed capacity of 3600MW . In Kyrgyzstan, the Kambarata-1 hydro power station on the Naryn River will be 275m high and have a water volume of 4.65km3. The projected capacity is 1.9MW.
Many of the dams in Central Asia were built 40 to 50 years ago, and due to limited resources for their maintenance and the inadequacy of a legal framework for their safe operation, the risk of accidents is increasing. With a couple of exceptions there are also no established procedures for notification of co-basin countries in the case of accidents or emergency situations. With dams on the transboundary rivers criss-crossing the region, the failure of a dam could have disastrous consequences in densely populated downstream regions and countries.
In response to a request by countries in Central Asia that this important issue be addressed, UNECE and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) started the project, Capacity-Building for Cooperation on Dam Safety in Central Asia in 2006. Funding was provided by the Government of Finland. The project is a contribution to the implementation of the Cooperation Strategy to Promote the Rational and Efficient Use of Water and Energy Resources in Central Asia . The Strategy has been developed and adopted under the United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA).
The project’s phase I, completed over nine months by the end of 2006, aimed to prompt the countries first to consider setting up or revising national dam safety regulatory frameworks to achieve their harmonisation; and secondly to pursue regional cooperation on information exchange and notification in the event of accidents or emergency situations with dams. This resulted in two major outcomes:
• A model national law on safety of large hydraulic facilities, including dams, intended to be a base of national harmonised legal frameworks for dam safety.
• A draft regional agreement on cooperation on dam safety, which stipulates, inter alia, the exchange of information and the notification of other countries in the event of accidents with dams.
In the first project phase, national reports on the issues related to various aspects of dam safety were prepared for each country. Then, on the basis of these reports, a publication on dam safety in Central Asia was issued . The publication covers the current national legal, institutional and financial modalities in the area of dam safety, the existing cooperative arrangements in that sector, as well as the model law and draft regional agreements. It also contains a list of large dams in Central Asia, updated for the first time since the end of the 1980s.
The second three-year project phase started in 2008, with renewed funding from Finland and co-funding from the Russian Federation. UNECE is responsible for project implementation in close cooperation with the executive board of the International Fund for the Saving of the Aral Sea (EC-IFAS).
The project’s objective is to improve the national legal and institutional frameworks as well as to set up regional cooperation mechanisms on dam safety in Central Asia. Project activities in four areas support the countries in terms of developing:
• National regulatory frameworks for dam safety, building on the model national law developed in phase I.
• A regional cooperative framework on dam safety and sustained intra-regional cooperation, with the draft agreement of the first phase as a starting point.
• The necessary documentation and technical capacity for harmonising technical regulations and procedures for the monitoring and evaluation of dam performance.
• Improved access to potential sources of technical assistance for rehabilitation of dams and improvement of monitoring and early warning systems.
In all of the participating countries, some action has been taken to formulate legislation on dam safety, or to improve the existing regulatory framework .
The draft of a national law proposing incorporation of amendments related to the safety of hydrotechnical structures in the national Water Code has been reviewed within the framework of the project. As a result, the draft law has been revised. More changes in the national legislation are however required to adequately handle safety issues. An important step towards strengthening of the legislation in this sector was made with the approval of national rules for the safety of water management systems and structures by the Government of Kazakhstan on 12 May 2009.
A law on establishing a dam commission as a national regulator for the safety of large hydrotechnical structures was recently drafted through a World Bank project. It will be reviewed by the UNECE project, taking into account the draft model law.
A first draft of a national law on dam safety has been prepared with reference to the project’s model national law. However, more efforts are required to initiate the process of law formulation. A national seminar on dam safety is planned for late 2009 which would help trigger the process.
Participants at a national seminar on dam safety in 2008 realised the necessity of having a national law on the safety of hydrotechnical structures. Subsequently, a draft law was prepared along the lines of the model law, but the draft needs revision to comprehensively reflect the specifics of water infrastructure management in the country. It is anticipated that assistance from the project will be requested to finalise the draft law.
Upon reviewing recent changes in Russian legislation on the safety of hydrotechnical structures presented at a national seminar on dam safety in 2008, Uzbek authorities initiated a revision of the national law on the safety of water management infrastructure adopted ten years ago. The draft national law containing provisions aiming to improve the existing law was prepared by the State Water Control Facilities Committee (the country’s national regulator in this sector) in consultation with other concerned ministries and agencies for submission to the Parliament.
The review of the proposed changes, along with recommendations for improving the draft, was made by an international expert affiliated with the UNECE project. The legal act proposing amendments to the national law is in the approval process.
Harmonising technical norms and regulations
This work has received a significant push from complementary funding from the Russian Federation, which has made it possible to engage the Centre on Safety of Hydrotechnical Structures (Moscow), Association Hydroproject (Moscow) and the Vodoavtomatika Institute (Bishkek) in the activities. With a view to proposing a model set of uniform technical norms and regulations, a list of legal acts and technical documents used in the Russian Federation for regulating the safety of hydrotechnical structures, plus similar lists for all five Central Asian countries, have been prepared and analysed.
On this basis, a draft set of documents has been proposed, and the idea of preparing a model technical directive, comprising both model law provisions and some technical norms, has been discussed. The proposed approach is likely to speed up the revision and introduction of a regulatory framework in the Central Asian countries. The outline of the model technical directive has been prepared and submitted to all the Central Asian countries for comment.
The development of an agreement on cooperation in the field of dam safety in Central Asia has continued. New drafts from 2008 have been discussed at regional and national meetings and circulated to relevant ministries in the countries. A draft charter for each of the proposed alternative bodies for cooperation, namely an international commission or a regional centre on the safety of hydrotechnical structures, has been prepared.
A new draft incorporating most of the changes and amendments proposed by countries was distributed in October 2009 to the five governments for approval.
Challenges for the future
There are significant challenges for future work on dam safety in the region. Obviously, there is a need to increase the efforts at the individual installations to make sure that the technical standards are followed, and that proper measures are taken to make sure that the risk of accidents does not increase with the ageing of dams. On a national level, it is important that national legislation and the institutions responsible for controlling the safety of hydrotechnical facilities are developed in all countries. Training of staff responsible for dam safety is a very important direction of the work, one which urgently needs to be developed. At a regional level it is important that a platform, such as a commission or centre, is established for the five countries to discuss technical issues and cooperation on dam safety.
The authors are Bo Libert, regional adviser on the environment, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland. Email: [email protected]; Erkin Orolbaev, consultant, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Email: [email protected]; and Yuri Steklov, consultant, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: [email protected]
|Project cooperation with other organisations|
The International Fund for the Saving of the Aral Sea (IFAS) is the major regional partner in this project. The IFAS executive board for Kazakhstan has hosted several regional meetings in Almaty. Members of the IFAS executive committee actively participate in the project"™s activities and have made substantial contributions to its development. The placing of the proposed international commission on the safety of hydrotechnical structures in Central Asia under the IFAS umbrella has been proposed by several countries and welcomed by the IFAS executive committee.
The Euro-Asian Economic Community (EurAsEC) has provided support for the official approval of the model national law. In May 2008, the EurAsEC inter-parliamentary assembly adopted the model law and recommended its member-countries to refer to that law when drafting or revising their national legislation for regulating the safety of dams and other hydrotechnical structures.
In cooperation with a World Bank project in Kyrgyzstan on restructuring the water sector management, cooperation on dam safety is developing.
Collaboration with Association Hydroproject, a loose union of research and design institutes in the field of hydrotechnical structures in the former USSR republics, has contributed to the formulation of a model set of technical norms.
In a German initiative (the Berlin Process) to support the water cooperation in Central Asia, the safety of hydrotechnical structures is one direction for project development with the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ).
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is planning a dam safety project in Uzbekistan on the Syr Darya which will aim to identify safety concerns of individual dams for further possible development of investment financing. | <urn:uuid:dfc43485-b361-4ee6-a139-160df4e9049e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waterpowermagazine.com/features/featureplaying-it-safe-in-central-asia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.943707 | 2,519 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The Pros and Cons of Remote Working As an App Tester
A remote job as an app tester is an extremely lucrative profession. This job requires working at home remotely. You will be expected to follow a given scenario and provide feedback and photos of any problems. To complete the test tasks you’ll require a computer or a smartphone. A connection to the internet is required. There are numerous remote testing jobs on the internet, so you can choose from a wide range of industries.
Communication is a major obstacle when working remotely as an app tester. Remote work can be a challenge, regardless of whether it is the result of a language barrier or a religious principle. This is the same for managing project managers. In addition to addressing the difficulties of communication, remote teams have to find and eliminate any blockages and challenges that arise. While working from home may cause some difficulties but it can be beneficial for businesses too. These are some strategies to overcome these challenges.
Lack of communication. Remote work can make communication difficult and makes it challenging to convey the intended meaning of messages. Slack and Hangouts are excellent communication tools however text messages lack urgency or tone. Asynchronous communication can degrade the efficiency of teams working in different time zones. It’s not easy to relay project updates or news to colleagues, because they’re not in person.
Collaboration is the lifeblood of any remote team. Remote working tools make collaboration simple by allowing teams to collaborate. Slack for example, allows two users to view the same screen simultaneously. Slack comes with a fantastic team collaboration feature called Screenhero which allows two users to collaborate and view the same screen simultaneously. If your team members are spread across multiple locations, you need an application that lets everyone work on the same screen at the same time.
To ensure the efficiency of your remote team, you need to be skilled in managing projects and working collaboratively. Project management involves a lot of moving parts. A well-designed tool can aid in improving communication and task assignments. Asana is a tool for managing tasks, can help you collaborate and work more efficiently. Asana lets teams share tasks and collaborate more effectively by grouping them into task boards. This allows testers to discover how they can best collaborate to improve the performance of an app.
The benefits of remote working as an app tester are numerous. Businesses often struggle to find a dedicated testing team or the time to invest in recruiting. Businesses are often under pressure to rush their products out there and may be unable to hire the right people. By employing remote testers, businesses can cut back on the cost of hiring a dedicated testing team, and also enjoy the same quality assurance as local teams.
Remote workers are more productive and more energetic because they are not able to take as many days off. Additionally, they are able to work more efficiently because they do not have the same strains and strain as an office worker. They also tend to recover faster from illness. Since they’re not in an office, they can take fewer days off because of stress, exhaustion or social isolation. This can lead to lower productivity and less motivation. If you’re determined to be more efficient you will reap the rewards.
If you’re considering becoming a remote app tester, then you’ll need a bachelor’s degree or a similar qualification and a demonstrable track record of testing software. Employers will consider years of experience testing software as an alternative to a four-year degree. You must be proficient with web-based programs and have strong communication and interpersonal abilities. You should also be comfortable with software development and have a solid understanding of security of data. Remote testing requires high-speed internet connectivity and time management expertise along with security clearance and an understanding of data security.
Most of the top companies require that you have a bachelor’s degree in computer science as well as other related fields. You must also be proficient using the latest technologies and testing tools. You should also be adept at communicating with other people and establish connections. You might also be interested in quality assurance or project management. Companies who are hiring remote QA specialists include Salesforce and SAP.
Work from home
As an app tester you will be able to work remotely. This job requires you to follow a specific procedure and record any issues you encounter. As part of the test process, you will be asked to take screenshots of your screen, which you can use to provide feedback and explain what you did not understand. You’ll need a computer , or mobile phone, along with an internet connection. You’ll earn a great living as a result. These are only one of the many benefits that come with this work-from-home job.
First, you’ll require an Android smartphone and an internet connection. You’ll also need to know how to install apps on different devices. You’ll have to be able to work independently and follow the steps with care. While this job will require a small amount of your time, you’ll receive between $5 and $90 for each test. Working from home will allow you to choose your own hours and schedule. Work from home as an app tester is a great way to supplement your current job or pursue a new career in a completely new field. | <urn:uuid:66d0ac9d-c98b-4156-a19d-ac4484265021> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mahiyuro.net/will-a-roku-ultra-remote-work-with-a-roku-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949835 | 1,095 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Quinoa field trials, expansion of wheat production to start in Guyana soon
Agriculture Minister Zulfikar Mustapha says new field trials for quinoa production and expansion of wheat cultivation will commence in Region Nine (Upper Takatu, Upper Essequibo) and Region Six (East Berbice-Corentyne) in the coming months.
Mustapha on Thursday told the News Room via telephone that following the agro-investment conference back in May, some 5,000 acres of land in the Rupununi was earmarked for wheat production trials to commence by the end of July.
“We are closing in on the time to do the trials because by the end of this month, hopefully if the rain ease, we will do a 5,000-acre trial in the Rupununi area [for wheat],” the Agricultural Minister said.
The Minister said that during the conference, the government indicated an interest in planting wheat in the region. Both Mexico and Brazil are interested in supporting the trials.
President Irfaan Ali in response to the global increase in the cost of wheat recently, had registered the government interest in planting wheat here.
“Soon we are going to work to see whether we can find a variety of wheat that we can plant in Guyana so that we can fulfill even our local requirement,” President Ali had said.
Meanwhile, a trial for quinoa production may start at Region Six. The Ministry through the National Agricultural Research and Extensive Institute (NAREI) will support the team led by overseas Guyanese agri-business, Felix Quinoa Farming Industry (FQFI). The team visited in June and held discussions with local authorities.
“They will start a trial there [in Region Six] and we will support them from NAREI to conduct that trial.
“They will be back in the country in another few months. Hopefully when they get back we can start work there and help them with the trials they want,” the minister said.
According to Mustapha, experts have indicated that quinoa is feasible and can be grown in Guyana. “That is why I want them to do the trial first,” Mustapha clarified that the trial will last in the next three months.
He said the grains take about three months from the time planted to being reaped.
Discussion for the production of quinoa in Guyana has been in the works since 2015, when FQFI signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Agriculture Ministry outlining areas of partnership for the introduction and production of quinoa- a grain- to Guyana’s other crops sector. Trials were anticipated for a September 2017 start.
Quinoa is a healthier alternative to rice. In South America, it is mainly produced in Bolivia and Peru. | <urn:uuid:4e6e0984-fe28-40f1-9b25-1cdcde2a2760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsroom.gy/2022/07/07/quinoa-field-trials-expansion-of-wheat-production-to-start-in-guyana-soon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.952234 | 586 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The assignment was in two parts:
- read: “What is Web 2.0?”, Web 2.0 Storytelling and Seven Things You Should Know about Creative Commons
- distill a few key points use one of the “50 Web 2.0 Ways to Tell a Digital Story” to distill a few key points from you reading.
I am not overly fond of prezi although I’ve seen it used to very good effect, but I though it might be interesting to try out impress. impress in which you create the ‘slides’ by adding attributes to divs in HTML seemed a bit simpler to use than prezi. I found a great post that explains how it works: How To Use Impress.Js | Cube Websites Blog.
So rather than think deeply about Web 2.0 I played with impress. The results are not tasteful but I had a lot of fun. | <urn:uuid:4bf78d40-2d8e-4c36-8686-8a30af2c051d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johnjohnston.info/106/my-web-2-0-trip-ds106-assignment-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957435 | 293 | 2.046875 | 2 |
“Do We Need to Uproot Witchcraft in Africa?” demands a headline in Rwanda’s New Times newspaper.
The answer, according to the article, is no — but that opinion is not necessarily shared around the continent.
Indeed, witchcraft — or at least the accusation of it — is a serious matter in much of Africa and the African diaspora.
In Ghana, belief in witchcraft is widespread, Africa News reports, and in rural areas a witchcraft accusation lead to exile.
Banished by their families and left without means of support, those accused — usually older, impoverished women — are forced into so-called “witch’s villages,” and resort to selling charcoal to survive.
Sometimes the consequences can be even worse. Three people were arrested in Tanzania for killing accused witches, the BBC reported in 2003.
They were rare arrests in a crime that is reportedly common.
Witchcraft prejudices are hardly confined to the African continent.
The BBC reported earlier this week that hundreds of African children living in the United Kingdom have been sent back to Angola or the Democratic Republic of Congo after being accused by fellow immigrants of witchcraft.
The problem first came to the attention of the greater public in Britain when three people were jailed in London for torturing an 8-year-old girl they believed was a witch.
Of course, it should be noted that Britain itself imprisoned women accused of witchcraft as late as 1944.
Earlier this month, Scottish authorities refused to issue a posthumous pardon to Helen Duncan, who was convicted under the Witchcraft Act of 1735, and spent nine months in jail after holding a seance during World War II.
“DR Congo’s ‘dangerous’ superstition”
BBC, March 23, 2008
“Rwanda: Do We Need to Uproot Witchcraft in Africa?”
The New Times (Rwanda), March 24, 2008
“Plight of suspected witches in Ghana”
AfricaNews, March 17, 2008
“Tanzania arrests ‘witch killers'”
BBC, Oct. 23, 2003
“Witchcraft torture three jailed”
BBC, July 8, 2005
“Witchcraft pardon plea rejected”
BBC, March 5, 2008 | <urn:uuid:4d154fb7-6377-47b6-bd8f-8c66ba5c871e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://newsdesk.org/2008/03/27/witch_hunting_i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.951199 | 497 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Twelve Fundamental Questions
In an era of uncertainty punctuated by massive job loss and unprecedented economic fallout from the COVID-19 global pandemic, micro-credentials represent a real opportunity to make lifelong learning accessible to all.
In this overview, we address 12 fundamental questions about micro-credentials.
We outline the basics: what micro-credentials are, who they’re designed for, who develops them and the standards that define their value.
We explore how micro-credentials help people acquire the skills they need — quickly — for the kinds of jobs that are in demand.
We examine why micro-credentials matter and how they differ from long-form learning.
We review the supports for this type of learning, what people are looking for, what’s on offer, and the implications for the future of higher education.
We also examine the challenges and issues associated with the growth and development of these credentials.
QUESTION 1: WHAT ARE MICRO-CREDENTIALS?
Despite being a relatively new development in the learning marketplace (since 2013), micro-credentials such as nanodegrees, MicroMasters and digital certificates are quickly gaining prominence.
There is no Canadian agreement around the exact definition, but micro-credentials are typically short courses, varying in length, that:
- Offer a quick pathway to new employment — mostly in the private sector — for workers who lost their jobs as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors
- Are delivered in a various ways (face-to-face, online, blended, hybrid)
- Focus on a specific skill or capability in a very specific field such as health care, technology, business
- Include a rigorous, formal assessment of the learner’s demonstrable competence of that specific skill
- Can be a badge, certificate, nano-degree, professional certificate, or MicroMasters recorded in a digital wallet or e-portfolio
In Ontario, micro-credentials are “transcriptable” meaning they are qualifications or certificates that a college or university can include on a learner’s transcript.
QUESTION 2: WHO ARE THEY DESIGNED FOR?
Anyone can study to earn micro-credentials, but they are mainly geared toward:
- Unemployed or laid-off workers who need to reskill to get back to work with skills that are in demand
- People who have a job but need to upskill to help improve productivity and performance
- Gig workers such as independent contractors, online platform workers, contract firm workers, on-call workers and temporary workers who are part of a fast-growing labour market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work rather than permanent jobs
QUESTION 3: WHO DEVELOPS THEM?
- Companies such as IBM, RBC and Google
- Professional bodies or associations, non-profit organizations
- Colleges, universities or training organizations or combinations of these organizations
- Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) providers
QUESTION 4: WHAT ARE THE STANDARDS THAT DEFINE THEIR VALUES?
Although other countries have statements of National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs), Canada does not. Red Seal apprenticeship varies by province, but each has a common, nationally agreed core. Standards will emerge over time, and transferability into a credit program or portability across Canada is expected to become a significant opportunity for learners.
QUESTION 5: WHY DO THEY MATTER?
COVID-19 accelerated patterns and trends that were already having an impact on the future of work and learning, especially the introduction of time and labour-saving technologies, and the adoption of green technologies.
The pandemic is affecting parts of Canada differently, with rural and remote communities experiencing unique challenges and the provinces being affected in different ways.
The disruption has created uncertainty for many people about their job security while pushing more into the fast-growing gig economy: a labour market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work rather than permanent jobs.
About 40% of Canadian millennials and 8.2% of the Canadian workforce (1.7 million workers) are engaged in the gig economy, which is growing by about 14% a year worldwide — faster than any other form of employment.
This is no surprise. Of Canadians aged 16-24, the unemployment rate is 13.2% and many Canadians aged 25-65 (approximately 6.2 million people are in this age group) opted out of job seeking and do not appear in the unemployment numbers. To better prepare for the future, learners are engaging in learning activities on a significant scale to upskill, reskill, retrain or develop their knowledge, understanding and capabilities — and micro-credentials can be helpful as a relatively quick and affordable path to do these things.
QUESTION 6: WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?
Micro-credentials are seen as a response to the need to upskill existing employees and reskill people who are looking for work or who are unemployed. They provide professional development and lifelong learning opportunities for people working in the gig economy or in a sole proprietorship. And they can be used to enhance personal learning and support the learning agendas of individuals, teams or communities.
Different participants seek different outcomes from micro-credentials, as the following table shows.
The Training Provider
QUESTION 7: HOW DO MICRO-CREDENTIALS DIFFER FROM LONG-FORM LEARNING?
Several attempts have been made to explain the differences and connection between micro-credentials and traditional qualifications such as diplomas and degrees. Brown et al (2020) offered a visual statement of the landscape of credentials:
Although helpful, this framework underplays some related developments. For example, some institutions permit modular approaches to micro-credentials not part of degree or credit-programs, allowing a learner to “stack” several micro-credentials into a certificate and then to transfer the certificate into a degree or diploma program. This is referred to as “modular, stackable credentials.”
QUESTION 8: WHAT SUPPORTS ARE REQUIRED FOR MICRO-CREDENTIALS?
A variety of developments in Canada better position the marketplace for micro-credentials, including:
- Tuition Credit – Claimable since 2017 for skills-related courses and programs of study offered by a recognized educational institution or training provider.
- Canada Training Credit – From 2019, Canada provides a tax credit for tuition costs for learning activities provided by a legitimate provider. $250 is available in a given year is available (and can be accumulated) to a lifetime limit of $5,000. This is separate and distinct from the existing tuition credit.
- Skills Canada – A federal organization with a mission to “encourage and support a coordinated Pan-Canadian approach to promoting skilled careers in trades and technologies to youth and their communities” so Canada can “lead the world in skills development.” However, Skills Canada does not create national vocational qualifications (NVQs) and assessments.
- Digital credentials – All colleges and universities in Canada are now partnering with Digitary to create a national blockchain-enabled digital credentials service. All 3 million learners in Canada will be able, once the system is in place, to access their digital credential wallet and add any credentials they earn to it. Where credentials are time-limited (the skill needs updating given new requirements or is automatically outdated due to changes in technology or new developments in that skill or competency), an existing credential can be revoked by the provider.
- Online learning platforms – A variety of the platforms that support online learning can be used to support the design, development and delivery of micro-credentials whether in blended or fully online modes. Competency-based assessment technologies that make use of video-based assessment or other direct evidence of demonstrable skills and competencies are critical. The leading platforms in North America — Canvas, Sakai, Moodle, Blackboard, Brightspace — are all being used to offer micro-credentials.
- Future Skills Centre investments – The Future Skills Centre (a federal agency investing in disruptive educational innovation) has made several strategic investments to grow interest and capabilities in micro-credentials in Canada. These include an investment in Humber College’s modular stackable credentials targeting racialized peoples, people with essential skills gaps and youth newcomers and an investment in Bow Valley College’s AI-enabled learning platform for competency-based learning. Its most recent call for proposals focused on reskilling the newly unemployed as a result of COVID-19.
- Provincial supports – Ontario now leads Canada in investment in micro-credentials ($59.5 million over three years as announced in the 2020 Ontario Budget) as part of a strategic response to the economic consequences of the pandemic. A competitive process will be used to support specific new credentials and the Ontario Student Assistant Program (OSAP) will be modified to permit its use to support learners studying micro-credentials.
QUESTION 9: WHAT ARE PEOPLE LOOKING FOR IN MICRO-CREDENTIALS?
Not all learning relates to traditional credentials such as certificates, degrees and diplomas. Some is informal, self-study using freely available learning resources, short courses available on platforms, such as LinkedIn Learning, FutureLearn, edX and Coursera.
In high demand right now are courses in health and well-being, and information technology. Learners are also seeking specific skills related to current or future occupational intentions and personal interests and passions.
Some 644,000 Canadians enrolled in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) between March 1 and August 15, 2020. There were 32 million MOOC registrations in courses offered by just three MOOC providers (Coursera, edX and FutureLearn) between January 1 and August 1, 2020, with more people registering in April alone than in all of 2019.
In the early months of the pandemic, employees used some of their lockdown time for learning and development activities suggested by their employers. In addition to basic courses on virtual teamwork and effective project management for virtual teams, many employers asked their colleagues to catch up on courses dealing with changes to health and safety related to COVID-19, the impact of specific technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented/virtual reality on work processes, and web-based marketing and sales.
The uptake in some corporate learning centres was equally dramatic, with more learning opportunities shifting to online platforms.
The notable feature of these developments is that some learners are leveraging learning platforms that are “on demand” systems. They are also looking for short learning experiences, rather than long-form credentials, and they want flexibility.
Some learners are enrolling in long-form programs — certificates, diplomas and degrees — while others are interested in “modular, stackable credentials,” which when added together, contribute to a certificate, diploma or degree. Many are seeking very specific, competency-based skills they need to improve their performance and profile in their current or intended future work.
QUESTION 10: WHAT’S AVAILABLE?
The major MOOC providers currently offer more than 850 micro-credentials, with Coursera leading the way. Between mid-March and the end of July 2020, Coursera added 16 million new registered users. In the same period, the top three MOOC providers — Coursera, edX and FutureLearn — added 32 million new users. 644,279 of these were Canadian. Key areas of demand were courses in IT, health, business, languages and personal development.
Class Central has been tracking the development of micro-credential MOOCs since 2013. 73% of all micro-credential MOOCs available as of December 2019 were in business, finance and technology.
Class Central notes there is little consistency between providers or by program area in terms of what, exactly, constitutes a micro-credential. Different providers use different terms for their micro-credentials:
Terms used to describe micro-credentials
Specializations, MasterTrack Certificate, Professional Certificate
XSeries (38), MicroMasters, Professional Certificate, Professional Education
Program, Graduate Certificate, Graduate Diploma
Companies such as IBM, Google, Amazon, CISCO, Siemens, Microsoft, and Ernst & Young are also offering micro-credentials, using badges and micro-certification for employee and supplier training. There are a growing number of micro-credentials for teaching professionals. Wellness Works Canada, a non-profit organization, is using competency-based assessment for the certification of workplace health and performance practitioners.
The costs to the learner vary, depending on who is offering the micro-credential, how substantial the learning activity is and what the perceived market value of the awarded credential is. For example, an edX Micro-Masters can cost $540-$1,500, while a Coursera MasterTrack can cost $2,000-$3,474, depending on the track chosen. Wellness Works Canada practitioner certification costs $450-$650.
QUESTION 11: HOW ARE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RESPONDING?
A significant response to these developments from colleges and universities is to explore offering micro-credentials and how these can relate to their existing programs through modular stackable learning.
In some countries, the government’s strategic response to economic recovery amid the significant disruption of certain industries is to invest in the rapid development and deployment of micro-credentials. Australia, for example, has done just that, investing $4.3 million to support the growth of micro-credentials and to create a marketplace for them.
There is no single repository of micro-credentials created and delivered by Canadian training providers. Many micro-credentials are now emerging, with a strong emphasis on technology, leadership, digital transformation and occupational health and safety. Athabasca’s Power-Ed and LMD suites, Humber College’s REVIT information modelling certificate and McMaster University’s use of badges for specific skills are all examples of the emerging offerings. There are many more in the pipeline.
Canada does not yet have a National Qualifications Framework or an agreed national quality assurance regime for skills-based credentials. Quality assurance is a provincial matter and, as can be seen from attempts to create portability of credit through credit transfer regimes, Canada has much yet to do to enable true learner course and skills portability.
QUESTION 12: WHAT ARE THE STUMBLING BLOCKS?
As micro-credentials have emerged over the past 15 years, six stumbling blocks dominate current discussions:
1. Value and acceptance – Is a micro-credential worth the paper it’s printed on?
How “portable” is it? Is a College X micro-credential on cybersecurity and privacy, for example, the same as a similarly named credential from University Y? There must be a national and international understanding of what competencies are required for certification, just as there is for a Microsoft certification or nursing. For a credential to be valued and accepted by all employers that seek the skills it represents, there must be common standards.
Consider whether a certificate in customer service based on the Royal Bank of Canada’s service-competency framework would be acceptable to Scotiabank, ATB, TD, Barclays, HSBC and other financial service organizations around the world. If employers are co-designing these certificates with partner post-secondary institutions, how portable are they within and between countries?
There are no efficient and effective mechanisms, at least in Canada, for such standard setting. The market will need to decide whether College X is equivalent to University Y, which in turn makes the market for micro-credentials complicated.
To complicate matters further, when organizations like Harvard and MIT collaborate on a MOOC-based micro-credential available on demand worldwide, how can a small college in Canada compete?
2. How will capabilities be assessed so employers can be assured the holder of a micro-credential has the necessary skills?
A micro-credential must verify, in legally defensible ways, that the holder has the knowledge, capabilities and competencies the credential represents. The term “legally defensible” is important. An employee with a specific micro-credential, for example, must be able to perform the relevant skills properly and safely. Failure represents legal risk to the employer. For example, a pilot who receives an upgrading to certification to be able to fly a specific aircraft, but who then crashes that aircraft, could pose a significant legal and economic risk to the airline.
For micro-credentials to be “game changers, assessment practices at colleges and universities must change. But for micro-credentials as a movement to be successful, there must be multiple ways of assessing capacity (text, video, testimonials, e-portfolios of work) for the student to demonstrate their capabilities under varied conditions and verified by an authenticator.
3. Who specifies the competencies and capabilities within a specific micro-credential? How portable and transferable are they?
For a degree or diploma, the college or university is responsible for establishing the curriculum, its objectives, teaching mode and assessment. Many college and university programs have advisory boards, but these do not normally define or determine what is taught to whom and how.
If micro-credentials are to close the skills gap and be attractive to employers, then employers need to be much more directly involved in defining the credential’s scope, required competencies and capabilities and assessment strategy.
Linked to these questions are concerns about transferability and portability. If employers and colleges in one province agree on standards and structure for a set of micro-credentials, will they be accepted by similar employers elsewhere? How portable and transferable will these be?
4. Are micro-credentials effective in closing the skills gap?
Potential employers are looking for qualifications — degrees, diplomas or micro-credentials — as they search for and hire work-ready employees. They can look at sites such as Portfolium, RIIPEN, the blockchain-enabled Skills Passport, Credly or Valid-8. Some employers are ignoring formal qualifications like diplomas and degrees from candidates’ CVs in order to focus solely on experience, skills and capabilities. Others are now requiring skills-based portfolios instead of CVs. Automated search-and-find systems such as Indeed, ZipRecruiter, Glassdoor and LinkedIn Job Search all access these kinds of evidence systems to find suitable candidates. Even more no longer require long-form credentials for occupations such as risk managers and accountants.
The fastest-growing component of the North American workforce is the freelance or “gig” worker who offers services to those willing to pay market rates. To stay competitive, gig workers need to demonstrate competence. They also need to continuously learn. Technology workers, for example, recognize that many of the skills required for technology work are new and emerging. Upwork, a site that connects gig workers to those looking to hire, reported in 2018 that 70% of the skills sought in any given year were new skills at that time. Further, few of the skills in demand required a degree or diploma.
As students question the value of long-form education in terms of cost, debt management and employability, micro-credentials look to be an alternative to skills based learning for employment: cheaper, faster and stackable. But will they close the skills gap?
The answer is simple: it depends.
It depends on what skills employers are looking for, how long it takes to acquire the skills and the level of experience the employee needs to see. Some employers are suggesting a degree or college diploma is a foundation qualification — an entry “ticket” into a field or profession — and that micro-credentials are “add-on” skills and competencies to these “base” qualifications that demonstrate both a commitment to lifelong learning and capability in specific skills. To become an IT practitioner, for example, a degree or diploma “enables the individual to enter the profession.” A micro-credential in, for example, DaVinci Resolve, Py Torch, Keras, Caspio or other very specific competencies might be what closes the skills gap for very specific jobs.
5. What about quality assurance?
The model for quality assurance used for college and university credit programs is based on an understanding of what long-form credentials are and what teaching and learning for these qualifications look like.
Given the “newness” of micro-credentials, their variability and the focus on competencies, quality assurance must be different. It is partly about market acceptance of the qualification. Will it deliver on competency? Do all forms of delivery result in the same outcome? What about the integrity of competency-based assessment?
Canada could leverage the same processes it used to create the Red Seal apprenticeship program covering 56 trades. It could imagine new mechanisms under section 7 of the Canada Free Trade Agreement (formerly the Agreement on Internal Trade) to establish a national mechanism for quality assurance, but this will take considerable time. More likely, industry association and professional licensing bodies will initially recognize micro-credentials as meeting industry needs for skills, especially if they were closely involved in their development.
6. “Stackability” and laddering: Can micro-credentials be stacked for credit and laddered into diplomas and degrees?
Micro-credentials are generally (although not exclusively) non-credit. In Kentucky, for example, some micro-courses carry some credit (0.5, 1. 1.5 etc.) and can be “stacked” to create a three-credit course, which is then transferable from the college system to the university system. There are several examples around the world, including here in Canada, in which a micro-credential can be recognized and transferred into a degree or diploma. Athabasca University’s Certificate in Leadership, Manufacturing Management and Supply Chain Management is transferable to the Athabasca MBA program.
The distinction between credit and non-credit is linked to a variety of factors, most notably how funding flows to colleges and universities. Governments traditionally fund a portion of the cost of offering credit programs (degrees, diplomas and certificates) but do not fund continuing education, except through targeted grants.
Recognizing continuing education courses for credit was a controversial issue in the 1980s. Over time, however, it became less of an issue as more institutions are “blurring” the boundaries and using prior learning assessment and recognition mechanisms to accept learning undertaken through continuing education into for-credit programs.
In the US, there are specific mechanisms that learners can use to achieve credit recognition for non-credit courses, including the National College Credit Recommendation Service(National CCRS), the American Council on Education (ACE College Credit Recommendation Service – CREDIT), and the Center for Lifelong Learning. Canada has no such national mechanisms. Each province has its own mechanisms for recognizing prior learning and transferring credit. The rules and standards differ between provinces.
Micro-Credentials and Higher Education: The Long View
Given the commitments of ministers responsible for higher education in Canada, the US, Europe and Australasia, micro-credentials look set to grow in terms of presence and range. They are seen as an affordable, fast response to the work challenges created by the pandemic and other factors. They are helping shift the focus, especially at the college level, from long-form to short-form skills-based work and are building on many years of experience of competency-based learning.
They also represent a challenge for colleges and universities, since on-demand courses offered over short periods of time -— courses that are competency-based, industry recognized and available in blended and online formats — all require a rethink in terms of some aspects of the institutions’ business models. Continuing education departments are prepared for these developments, but departments within the colleges and universities that normally manage long-form credit programs will need to rapidly adjust. Micro-credentials represent a significant blurring of the lines between credit and non-credit. In doing so, they raise issues about the boundaries between the traditional functions of continuing education departments and the faculties in a college or university, especially when it comes to the idea of micro-credentials being stackable and transferable to degrees and diplomas.
The big shift is from colleges and universities offering courses as suppliers to an education system in which industry and students create demand, which needs to be responded to rapidly, with the nature of the demand also changing frequently.
New providers — large companies, industry associations, licensing bodies — will begin to offer these credentials as the market-place expands. Faster and smarter course design, new models of assessment and new ways of forging courses through partnership all pose challenges and require agile institutions to respond rapidly to market demand and emerging opportunities.
Given the decisions being made by governments to invest significantly in micro-credentials as a response to the impact of the pandemic and other factors on work and employment, it is not a question of if we want to offer micro-credentials, it is a question of how fast we can get to market with credentials that are supported by industry, which students are willing to pay for. Once this happens, there will be significant Canada-wide growth of these short-form learning activities and they will be welcomed by learners, employers and educational providers. | <urn:uuid:fa06783d-d3af-451b-bfd0-72074d0822d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teachonline.ca/fr/node/103939 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9454 | 5,417 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Keep humidity levels as low as you can—no higher than 50%–all day long. An air conditioner or dehumidifier will help you keep the level low. Bear in mind that humidity levels change over the course of a day with changes in the moisture in the air and the air temperature, so you will need to check the humidity levels more than once a day.
Be sure your home has enough ventilation. Use exhaust fans which vent outside your home in the kitchen and bathroom. Make sure your clothes dryer vents outside your home.
Fix any leaks in your home’s roof, walls, or plumbing so mold does not have moisture to grow.
Clean up and dry out your home thoroughly and quickly (within 24–48 hours) after flooding.
Add mold inhibitors to paints before painting.
Clean bathrooms with mold-killing products.
Remove or replace carpets and upholstery that have been soaked and cannot be dried promptly. Consider not using carpet in rooms or areas like bathrooms or basements that may have a lot of moisture. | <urn:uuid:95cfe5cd-1293-4d16-b0ca-e956ed636ca7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.moldremedies.com/mold-prevention-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.936056 | 216 | 2.125 | 2 |
Keynote speaker Colonel Mike Mullane was born September 10, 1945 in Wichita Falls, Texas but spent much of his youth in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he currently resides. Upon his graduation from West Point in 1967, he was commissioned in the United States Air Force. As a Weapon Systems Operator aboard RF-4C Phantom aircraft, he completed 134 combat missions in Vietnam. He holds a master of science degree in aeronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology and is also a graduate of the Air Force Flight Test Engineer School at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Countdown To Safety
a safety program by Astronaut Mike Mullane
In his program, “Countdown To Safety”, Astronaut Mullane delivers a powerful message on the individual’s role in keeping themselves and their teams safe in hazardous environments. Mullane introduces this subject with a recount of his own near-death experience in a fighter jet, when he failed to speak up about an unsafe situation. He assumed another crewmember, with more flying time, “knew best” about the safety of their operations. In other words, at a critical moment in a hazardous operation, Mullane surrendered his responsibility for safety to someone else. He became a “safety passenger”. The result was his (and the pilot’s) narrow escape from death during their ejection from the crashing jet. The destruction of a multi-million dollar plane might have been avoided if Mullane had maintained his “safety presence” and voiced his assessment on the dangers of the pilot’s decision. Instead, he assumed he didn’t “count”, that the pilot knew best.
Mullane continues this thread: that each individual brings to their team a unique perspective on safety. Only when every person’s perspective is available for analysis can a team be truly safe. When it comes to safety, everybody counts. Safety is not management’s responsibility or a supervisor’s responsibility or the safety officer’s responsibility. It is EVERYBODY’S responsibility. Never be a “safety passenger”.
Another significant message within Mullane’s “Countdown To Safety” program is his discussion on “Normalization of Deviance”. Astronaut Mullane uses the space shuttle Challenger disaster to define this term, its safety consequences, and how individuals and teams can defend themselves from the phenomenon.
Challenger was the result of a failure of a booster rocket O-ring seal. Viewers will be shocked to know this failure was predicted: “It is my honest and very real fear that if we do not take immediate action to solve the problem, with the O-ring having the number one priority, then we stand in jeopardy of losing a flight along with all the launch pad facilities.” (From a NASA-contractor memo dated six months prior to Challenger).
When a burn-damaged O-ring (a criticality 1 deviance) was first observed following the second shuttle mission, NASA, under enormous schedule pressure, convinced themselves the problem could be fixed with minor modifications to booster assembly procedures and that a grounding the fleet (required for a criticality 1 deviance) was not necessary.
When the next several missions flew without O-ring anomalies, the correctness of the decision to continue operations was reinforced. However, over the following several years, more cases of O-ring sealing problems were observed in the returned boosters but with each successful flight the false feedback that it was safe to continue flight operations was strengthened. In other words, the absence of something bad happening was being falsely interpreted as an indication that the team’s actions were safe when, in fact, it was mere random chance that a disaster hadn’t occurred. The team had gotten away with accepting a criticality 1 deviance so many times, the deviance had been normalized into the team’s decision-making process. Challenger was a “predictable surprise”.
After dramatically defining “Normalization of Deviance”, Astronaut Mullane continues with an explanation of how individuals and teams can defeat this dangerous phenomenon through these practices: recognizing one’s vulnerability to it; making it a religion to “plan the work and work the plan”; considering one’s instincts; and, archiving and periodically reviewing near-misses and disasters so the corporate memory never fades. (Mullane explains that the loss of the space shuttle Columbia…17 years after Challenger…was a repeat of “Normalization of Deviance”. NASA’s corporate memory had faded over those 17 years.)
The messages delivered in “Countdown To Safety” are reinforced with rarely seen NASA video and slides. The program is hard-hitting, fast paced and, in places, very humorous. It is certain to open the eyes of every viewer to their individual criticality to team safety.
ABSTRACT OF “COUNTDOWN TO TEAMWORK”
by Astronaut Mike Mullane
In “Countdown To Teamwork” Astronaut Mullane delivers a hard-hitting, substantive teamwork and leadership program that is also wonderfully entertaining. (In places the content is laugh-out-loud funny.) The program centers on the following fundamentals:
Guarding against a "Normalization of Deviance"
Normalization of deviance is a long term phenomenon in which individuals or teams repeatedly accept a lower standard of performance until that lower standard becomes the “norm”. Usually, the acceptance of the lower standard occurs because the individual/team is under pressure (budget, schedule, etc.) and perceives it will be too difficult to adhere to the expected standard. Their intention may be to revert to the higher standard when this period of pressure passes. However, by “getting away” with the deviation, it is likely they will do the same thing when the same stressful circumstances arise again. Over time, the individual/team fails to see their actions as deviant. Normalization of deviance leads to “predictable surprises” which are invariably disastrous to the team.
Mullane uses the Challenger tragedy to make this point. Under tremendous schedule pressures the NASA team accepted a lower standard of performance on the solid rocket booster O-rings, i.e., they accepted heat damage that was never expected. The team slowly fell into the trap of believing the absence of disaster when the deviance was observed meant the deviance was acceptable. The lower standard became the “norm”. By the dawn of Challenger, the NASA team had gotten away with O-ring damage so many times that the original standard, in which ANY O-ring damage had been defined as intolerable deviance, was marginalized. A “predictable surprise”, i.e., a deadly disaster, resulted.
The power of all teams resides in the uniqueness of the team members, in their diversity of life experiences which yields a diversity of insights into team situations. When individuals become “passengers” and don’t put their unique perspectives on the table for the team and leadership to consider, the team will suffer. Mullane uses a personal experience to drive home the dangers of becoming a “passenger”. As a new crewmember in a 2-place fighter jet, he noted a safety situation but assumed the experienced pilot in command knew what he was doing when he elected to continue the mission. Ultimately Mullane and the pilot had to eject from the crashing plane. Having narrowly escaped death because of it, Mullane is intimately familiar with the dangers of team members slipping into a “passenger” mode. "One person with courage forms a majority", is a quote by former President Andrew Jackson that Mullane will use in this discussion.
Everyone has a sacred responsibility to get their unique perspectives on the table for the leadership to consider; to never assume somebody else is going to fill in for them. Leaders have a sacred responsibility to empower the voices of their people so that no one is allowed to slip into a passenger mode.
Mullane closes this discussion with a real world example of how a medical doctor at NASA (not an engineer or astronaut) had the best solution for an engineering problem associated with the post-Challenger shuttle bailout system. This is an example of how great ideas can exist in the minds of people who are not considered the experts on a particular issue.
Most audiences are shocked to learn how ordinary Mullane was. People assume because he is an astronaut now, that in his youth, he was a super-child, destined for great success. That is not the case. Mullane uses slides and video to prove he wasn't a child genius. He wasn't a high school sports star. He didn't date the homecoming queen. He wasn’t popular. Yet he realized a lifetime dream through the practice of self-leadership. Every individual and team has an “edge of a performance envelope”. That edge is much further out than individuals and teams realize and they find it through the practice of self-leadership.
Self-leaders set very lofty goals, accept the unchangeable, make mid-course corrections around obstacles and stay focused on the goal. Mullane develops this philosophy of self-leadership: "Success isn't a final destination. It's a continuous life journey of working toward successively higher goals for yourself and your teams."
Countdown To Teamwork is remarkably inspirational and humorous. The audience will come away from the program with a renewed sense of their potential and the potential of their teams.
The Lighter Side of Spaceflight
by Astronaut Mike Mullane
In his program, The Lighter Side of Spaceflight, Astronaut Mike Mullane will take the audience on a uniquely revealing, captivating and hilarious space journey. Using spectacular video and slides he will answer everybody’s space questions: What does a shuttle launch feel like?...How does an astronaut deal with the incredible fear of launch?...How do you sleep, bathe, eat, drink, etc.?....What do you see from space?...And, of course, he will answer the top two questions that astronauts are ever asked:
Number 1: How does the space toilet work?
Number 2: Has he seen any UFOs or aliens?
The answers to these questions and many, many more are lavishly wrapped with inside, hilarious stories and supported with amazing video.
The audience will not only be thoroughly entertained by The Lighter Side of Spaceflight but will they will also find Mullane’s message on goal setting and achievement to be powerfully inspirational. Most audiences are shocked to learn how ordinary Mullane was. People assume, because he is an astronaut now, that in his youth, he was a super-child, destined for great success. That is not the case. Mullane uses slides and video to prove he wasn't a child genius. He wasn't a high school sports star. He didn't date the homecoming queen. He wasn’t popular. (He shows a slide of the dedication pages from his high school year book…which are blank except for a single inscription: “You missed Korea but here’s hoping you make Vietnam”.)
Yet, Mullane realized a lifetime dream of becoming an astronaut through the practice of “mapping the edge of his performance envelope”. Every individual and team has an “edge of a performance envelope” and individuals and teams find those “edges” (as team member, leaders, parents, spouses, etc.) through self-challenge and tenacity. (Mullane’s father was rendered a paraplegic at age 33 by polio and Mullane’s story of his parents response to that tragedy while raising six children is the basis of his message on tenacity and goal-achievement in the face of adversity). Mullane develops this philosophy of self-leadership: "Success isn't a final destination. It's a continuous life journey of mapping our performance envelopes through challenge and tenacity."
The Lighter Side of Spaceflight is remarkably inspirational and humorous. The audience will come away from the program with a renewed sense of their potential and the potential of their teams.
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If they did, that’ll be even less reason to think of them as some kind of “missing link”:
What if, long before Leonardo da Vinci or Michelangelo, the Neanderthals were humanity’s first artists? At any rate, this is the hypothesis raised by new dating of Spanish rock paintings published in February 2018 in the journal Science (link is external)
,indicatingthat the hands and animals depicted on the walls of three caves date back 65,000 years. This would mean that they were painted 25,000 years before the arrival of the first Homo sapiens in the Iberian peninsula. The estimated ages are based on uranium-thorium dating of the calcite layer that coats the frescoes. Could these be the work of Neanderthals? A certain amount of additional data supports this view. For example, traces of pigments in a shell have been dated to 115,000 years ago, while drawings of cats and handprints in the Grotte des Merveilles, Rocamadour (southwestern France) are believed to be between 50,000 and 70,000 years old. In light of this evidence, it is not difficult to imagine that the Neanderthals were endowed with artistic ability.
The interpretation of this research, however, is purely speculative at present. Firstly, the estimated ages will have to be confirmed by other dating methods, especially since no Neanderthal bones were found in these caves. Léa
Galanopoulo, “Who Was the First Artist?” at CNRS News
Drawings of cats 50,000 to 70,000 years ago? The ultimate ancestor of the now saturation-point funny cat vids at YouTube?
See also: Neanderthal art found.
Was Neanderthal man fully human? The role racism played in assessing the evidence
A deep and abiding need for Neanderthals to be stupid. Why?
Follow UD News at Twitter! | <urn:uuid:f47beedc-810e-4247-8fb3-a56d228f289d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/did-neanderthals-create-the-first-spanish-cave-paintings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949846 | 407 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Reset your thermostat.
Lowering it can reduce heating energy costs by 3% per degree during winter. It saves energy and money yet still allows you to take hot showers. In the summer, raise the temperature to a 'cool' level, just enough to lower humidity and not make you sweat and you can reduce your electric bill by 2% for each degree raised.
Let the sunshine in.
On cold sunny days, open your window curtains to let the sun warm your home.
Purchase major appliances with an Energy Star rating.
Put your computer to sleep.
Change your computer's power management so they go into sleep mode when idle for a long time.
Control the flow.
Install low-flow showerheads, faucets and toilets to reduce water consumption and cost of heating water.
Don't throw your used things away.
Remember to reduce, reuse and recycle.
Change your scenery a bit.
Simple gardening or planting trees can cool your home and give added privacy.
Check and bury your compost.
Food waste produces methane that's 23 times more potent than carbon dioxide, which is harmful to the environment. Put it in your composting bin or bury it so your plants can absorb the nutrient-rich compost.
Wipe your traces.
Using entryway mats can reduce the amount of dust that enters your home. Remove your shoes at the door since it reduces indoor dust by up to 10 times.
Wash them away.
Wash and rinse your clothes with cold water to lessen the water heating costs. This also allows less wear on your clothing. Wash your clothes in full loads instead of partial loads.
Time to clean it green.
Switch to eco-friendlier detergents, fabric softeners and bleaches in doing your laundry. Standard products contain chemicals harmful to your family and to the environment.
Eliminate the \"phantom\".
Appliances that are turned off but left plugged still consumes electricity. We call this 'phantom load'. Save energy by unplugging appliances and electronics when you aren't using them.
Have meals in a snap.
Cooking and reheating with a microwave oven is faster and more energy efficient than electric stovetop or oven.
Dry clothes the old fashion way.
Hang your clothes on a laundry line rather than putting them in the dryer. Clothes dryer is the third highest energy user at home.
Say adieu to incandescent bulbs.
Switch to compact fluorescent bulbs since it consumes less energy and last up to 10 times longer. Choose the warm white color if you prefer the color and glow of incandescent bulbs.
Stop that drip.
Fix leaky faucets, toilets or water pipes. A small drip can accumulate a lot of water over time.
Buy local products.
It is good for the local economy and it conserves energy since product doesn't need to travel across the globe to get you. Local produce is fresher and more healthful.
Paint it greener.
Paint your house with water-based latex paint over solvent-based paints. Never used lead-based paints since it harmful to you and the environment.
Don't let it in.
Make sure the door between the garage and house closes tightly and is thoroughly sealed. Fumes for car exhaust and store chemicals can enter your house through minor gaps or cracks.
Keep them out.
To keep mold at bay, use your bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans. The fans need to vent to the outdoors.
Paperless bills and statements.
Check which of your bills may be paid via auto debit to your account. This saves writing checks and a trip to the bank for each payment. Also many banks, credit card and utility companies offer paperless options so you may view bills and statements online. This prevents fraud via mail theft, saves you from filing countless papers and just simplifies your life.
Use environmentally friendly shampoo, soap and other bath products. They're gentler to your skin and hair as well as to the air and sewage system.
Shorten bath time.
Minimize taking long baths as this consumes a lot of water. Turn off the shower when applying shampoo, soap or bath gel. Use it purely for washing and rinsing.
Shorten sink time.
As with showers, turn off the tap when brushing teeth and shaving. Use running water purely for washing and rinsing.
Purify your tap.
Invest in a good quality water filter/purifier attached to your faucet. Dispense with the plastic water bottles and jugs, which consume a lot of space in landfills.
Dish it out.
Handwash dishes when you can. It lengthens the useful life of your china and glassware. If you must use the dishwasher, fill up the racks before you run the machine.
Abstain from meat.
Minimize consumption of red meat and poultry. It's healthier for your body and minimizes overall waste.
Say no to fast food.
Minimize eating fast food. Aside from the packaging waste, it contains unhealthy calories.
Separate but equal.
Segregate your trash. Convert biodegradable waste to compost. Send newspapers, beverage cans, plastic, bottles, metal, other paper, cell phones, printer cartridges, batteries, other electronics to the appropriate recycling centers. Check with your local community for free pick up services.
Used batteries make for dangerous waste. Use rechargable batteries whenever possible to reduce cost and landfill build up.
The shiny side of the aluminum foil is a better reflector of heat. To cook food faster or to keep things warm, face the shiny side inward toward the food to reflect the heat that is trying to escape, back into the food. This reduces cooking time significantly and your energy bill.
Li'l Green Patch.
Is your garage too big? Do you have empty spaces on your yard? Transform .
It is believed that energy and power flows through the seven major Chakra centers of our physical body. Each Chakra is associated with a... more »
Are you confused as to what your actual birthstone is? If you were born in March, you may assume aquamarine is your lucky charm. But other friends may tell... more »
Get easy to follow energy saving tips for your home, office or while you're travelling to help save and maintain a green environment... more »
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Sign up to know more about green tips, exciting world products and exclusive promos. | <urn:uuid:e976213c-4f88-46c9-868a-a73a05cfbd8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://zemis.com/green-tips-home.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.91679 | 1,476 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Peru is protesting a wall being built by the Ecuadorian government in Huaquillas, opposite the Peruvian town of Aguas Verdes, claiming it violates a 1998 peace treaty. Ecuador says the wall is necessary to stop smuggling.
The concrete border wall, approved by the government of former Ecuadorian president Rafael Correa, is being built on the Rio Zarumilla, which separates Huaquillas and Aguas Verdes. The wall,will be four meters high but, unlike another proposed wall on the U.S.-Mexico border, will stretch for a distance of only 2,000 meters instead of 2,000 miles.
According to Peruvian authorities, the treaty signed in 1998 following the war between Peru and Ecuador, forbids the construction of any structures between Huaquillas and Aguas Verdes and Rio Zarumilla. “As mandated, this area should be a free zone on the international frontier,” says the Peruvian foreign ministry. “We have demanded an explanation from the Ecuadorian government but have so far not received one.”
Business interests on in both Huaquillas and Aguas Verdes are also protesting, claiming the wall restricts not only the movement of people but commercial goods. “The wall separates and prevents us from exchanging legal products between the countries,” Abel Jiménez of the South Pacific Trade Association told the newspaper El Universo last week. “The merchants who once used the bridge, which is now blocked, have been left without jobs due to the construction. The wall affects the livelihoods of 10,000 people,” he adds.
Peru said it understands the delay in Ecuador’s response due to the recent change of governments in Quito but says it expects to hear from new President Lenin Moreno this week on the matter. | <urn:uuid:0e36ef50-5b33-478b-b125-41f73a77752f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cuencahighlife.com/ecuadors-border-wall-controversy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.942441 | 371 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Species group: Sea Anemones
Other common names: True Carpet Anemone; Gigantic Sea Anemone; Carpet Anemone
Scientific name: Stichodactyla gigantea
The Carpet Anemone is a marine invertebrate which is native to reefs and sandy bottoms in the Indo-Pacific and the Red Sea. The Carpet Anemone serves as a host for several species of Clownfish, including the Ocellaris Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), the Percula Clownfish (Amphiprion percula), and the Domino Damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus). Carpet Anemone is one of the few Anemone whose venom can cause an allergic reaction in humans. For this reason, it should be handled with care using gloves.
Carpet Anemone requires at least a 50 gallon tank, and strong lighting and water movement. Carpet Anemone is fed a diet of fish, shrimp, and other meaty foods.
great shelter, ocellaris clown, host anemone, great unique addition
gloves, powerful sting, pristine water condition, Carpet Anemone Handle, stable tank conditions
raw shrimp, good water movement, meaty marine foods, uncooked shrimp | <urn:uuid:6cdc9442-91f2-486f-bab1-1e0284a21fda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rightpet.com/breed-species/fish/saltwater-fish-inverts/giant-carpet-anemone | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.836625 | 344 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Photo: Christophe Ena / AP / TT
Mali’s interim president, Ba Ndaou, here in Paris in January, is one of the arrested leaders.
The outside world responded forcefully to reports on Monday that the Malian army had arrested the country’s president, prime minister and defense minister.
We are ready to take the necessary measures, says the President of the European Union, Charles Michel.
Mali’s President Ba Ndu, Prime Minister Mukhtar Awani and Defense Minister Suleiman Doukoure were transferred to a military base outside the capital, Bamako.
The army’s actions, known to the outside world as coup attempts and kidnappings, came only hours after two senior military officials, according to government sources, were political victims in the process of rebuilding the government.
In a joint statement with the European Union, the United States and the African Union, among others, the United Nations called on the military to immediately release the political leaders.
“I am extremely concerned about the information regarding the detention of civilian leaders in Mali’s transitional government. I call for calm and their release,” United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres wrote on Twitter.
Ewocas sends authorization
Events in Mali were also raised during the European Union leaders’ summit in Brussels on Monday and the leaders condemn the “kidnapping” of the army.
We are ready to take the necessary measures, as the President of the Council of the European Union, Charles Michel, said at the press conference after the meeting.
On Tuesday, the Organization for the Cooperation of West African States (ECOWAS) will send a delegation to Mali to avoid what they described as an attempted coup.
The arrests add to uncertainty about the West African country’s future.
Elections are in February
In a military coup in August last year, President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita was ousted. He was then taken to the same military base as the now detained leaders, and forced to resign. The country was ruled for a short period by a military junta that handed over power to a civilian interim government.
In fact, the military continued to greatly influence the government and the newly formed Legislative Assembly. For example, the leader of the military junta, Assimi Goita, became the interim vice president behind the former Colonel Ba N’Daou, who was installed as interim president.
The military retained top positions in government even after the government reorganization believed to be behind Monday’s events. But two top leaders of the coup were replaced in August, and according to Reuters news agency sources, the military believes Pa Ndu and Prime Minister Mukhtar Awani violated their powers.
The transitional government promised in April to hold a referendum on the country’s constitution in October. The country is scheduled to go to the polls in February next year.
“Falls down a lot. Internet fanatic. Proud analyst. Creator. Wannabe music lover. Introvert. Tv aficionado.” | <urn:uuid:f131507c-a46f-4020-bfd6-5075cd864cb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nextvame.com/the-outside-world-responds-to-attempted-coups-in-mali/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963367 | 651 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The brain abhors discrepancies.
The minute you succumb to outside pressure, you cease to be creative.
Remember that politics, colonialism, imperialism and war also originate in the human brain.
Our ability to perceive the world around us seems so effortless that we tend to take it for granted.
The adage that fact is stranger than fiction seems to be especially true for the workings of the brain.
Your conscious life is an elaborate after-the-fact rationalization of things you really do for other reasons.
Great art allows you to transcend your mortal frame and to reach for the stars. I think great science does the same thing.
Curiosity illuminates the correct path to anything in life. If you're not curious, that's when your brain is starting to die.
What the neurology tells us is that the self consists of many components, and the notion of one unitary self may well be an illusion.
With the arrival of humans, it has been said, the universe has suddenly become conscious of itself. This, truly, it the greatest mystery of all.
The boundary between neurology and psychiatry is becoming increasingly blurred, and its only a matter of time before psychiatry becomes just another branch of neurology.
People often ask how I got interested in the brain; my rethorical answer is: 'How can anyone NOT be interested in it?' Everything you call 'human nature' and consciousness arises from it.
Here is a neuron that fires when I reach and grab something, but it also fires when I watch Joe reaching and grabbing something. ... It's as though this neuron is adopting the other person's point of view.
The visual system of the brain has the organization, computational profile, and architecture it has in order to facilitate the organism's thriving at the four Fs: feeding fleeing, fighting, and reproduction.
There is no real independent self, aloof from other human beings, inspecting the world, inspecting other people. You are, in fact, connected not just via Facebook and Internet, you're actually quite literally connected by your neurons.
Lofty questions about the mind are fascinating to ask, philosophers have been asking them for three millennia both in India where I am from and here in the West - but it is only in the brain that we can eventually hope to find the answers.
What the artist tries to do (either consciously or unconsciously) is to not only capture the essence of something but also to amplify it in order to more powerfully activate the same neural mechanisms that would be activated by the original object.
Indeed, the line between perceiving and hallucinating is not as crisp as we like to think. In a sense, when we look at the world, we are hallucinating all the time. One could almost regard perception as the act of choosing the one hallucination that best fits the incoming data.
What do we mean by "knowledge" or "understanding"? And how do billions of neurons achieve them? These are complete mysteries. Admittedly, cognitive neuroscientists are still very vague about the exact meaning of words like "understand," "think," and indeed the word "meaning" itself.
Self-awareness is a trait that not only makes us human but also paradoxically makes us want to be more than merely human. As I said in my BBC Reith Lectures, “Science tells us we are merely beasts, but we don’t feel like that. We feel like angels trapped inside the bodies of beasts, forever craving transcendence.
There are 100 billion neurons in the adult human brain, and each neuron makes something like 1,000 to 10,000 contacts with other neurons in the brain. Based on this, people have calculated that the number of permutations and combinations of brain activity exceeds the number of elementary particles in the universe.
In the fetus, or a really young child, all the different brain areas are connected to each other, diffusely. And as the brain develops, the excess connections are turned off, so you get very specialized areas. So most people have really specialized talents. What happens in creative people is this pooling doesn't take place.
Even though its common knowledge these days, it never ceases to amaze me that all the richness of our mental life - all our feelings, our emotions, our thoughts, our ambitions, our love life, our religious sentiments and even what each of us regards us his own intimate private self - is simply the activity of these little specks of jelly in your head, in your brain. There is nothing else. | <urn:uuid:47f313f5-8138-4c44-9ff8-de45f28148b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dixxit.info/?author=Vilayanur%20Ramachandran&lang=any&sitelang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946158 | 1,095 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Creative writing is all about turning ideas into words. First, of course, you must have an idea; something to write about. But unless you know how to put those ideas down into words you can sit there staring at your computer all day and will have nothing to show for it but a blank screen and a headache So how do you bridge the gap? How do you get your ideas out of your head and down on paper in such a way that they will actually make sense to someone else? It begins by learning how to collect your thoughts.
Five Tips for Bridging the Gap between the Idea and the Word
The bridge between the ideas that you have and the words that you write is actually quite simple. It consists of learning how to collect your thoughts. Many people believe that their thoughts and ideas are coherent; that they make sense. And in their minds those ideas may make perfect sense. Unfortunately, there usually comes a time between the having the idea and getting it out on paper that something important gets lost. Somewhere you misplaced the nuances that made your topic so appealing when you first thought about it. The following five tips can help you in collecting your own thoughts and putting them down on paper.
Keep a Writing Journal. Not only should you keep a writing journal, it should stay with you. It doesn't matter what size. Even a small, pocket-sized notebook will work. And yes, it is an annoyance to always carry a journal around with you. However, being able to record your thoughts as they occur is a lifesaver, especially if you are in the middle of something else; like a meeting or a family activity.
Write Down Everything. It isn't enough to just have a writing journal; you have to get into the habit of writing everything down. I don't care if it is just a fleeting thought; you need to write it down. You need to write everything down. Get used to putting your ideas into words and make sure that when you re-read what you have written that it makes sense to you as well. If you look back through your journal and find that you can't understand what you were talking about, then you need to refine your note taking style.
Re-Write Every Day. At the end of every day you need to go through your journal and take those ideas that you have written and copy them into a working notebook or even type them into your computer. This will not only help to keep your ideas fresh in your head, it will also help you to begin a working copy of your idea; one which you can adjust and adapt as need be.
Be Your Own Worst Critic. It is not enough to simply write your ideas down, nor even enough to re-write your ideas so that they flow smoothly. Sometimes you have to pull the entire structure apart and re-build it from the ground up. Even though the idea may have sounded good the first time you wrote it down, it can always be better! Write and re-write your ideas out until they say exactly what you want them to; until you can see the picture that they paint in your mind.
Use a Sounding Board. It helps to have a sounding board; someone who is willing to read your work and give you their unbiased opinion. It is not this person's job to edit your work. You simply want their reaction to how the words sound; what sort of picture that it paints in their head. If you do not have a friend or acquaintance who is willing to serve as a sounding board for you, there are many websites out there that allow you to post your work and have readers critique it for you. This is invaluable in learning how to fine tune your writing.
The Benefits of Learning How to Collect Your Thoughts
Learning how to collect your thoughts and being able to bridge the gap between the idea and actually expressing the idea is a daunting task. But by using five tips listed above you can go from simply having an idea to being able to share that idea with others in a way that they will be able to understand. | <urn:uuid:cac09a55-236a-4a1f-88ff-d89501d9bea8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.oceans13mtsieeesandiego.org/creative-writing-101-five-tips-for-collecting-your-thoughts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.978795 | 824 | 2.625 | 3 |
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
“The lesson to be learned is that the future belongs to the station to the extent that the station that produces and controls programming well will be successful”. Fepper (1995).
Programming as the bedrock and mainstay of broadcasting involves a long-term calculated planned policy expressed in predetermined executable action, which if appropriately implemented and executed as individual programme operations, wins maximum success for station. Dunu (2002). Furthermore, according to Dunu (2002), programme is also defined as the strategic selection of programme materials appropriate or suitable to a particular segment of pre-defined target audience.
It is undoubtful that effective programme is synonymous with a successful broadcast station. Broadcast programming involves a series of inter-dependent processes which are expected to satisfy some specific needs of the listening and viewing audience.
A programme is a broadcast material created to meet certain specific needs or attain some set objectives and transmitted to some predetermined target audience.
Programming in radio involves the task of choosing programmes and scheduling them in meaningful order and evaluating their degree of success and or failure. Indeed, programming is constrained by time. It makes use of daily schedule for the day’s transmission or master schedule for 13, 26, 39, 52 weeks as the case may be. Programming plays a dual role between the broadcaster who views it as a means of income and society which views it as entertainment and public service.
Programming for specific audience is one of the areas of great problem to Nigerian broadcasters. The problem seems to arise primarily from lack of knowledge about the specified audience, the potentials of the radio, communication theory and the objective of broadcasting in the first instance.
In order to increase rating and attain success, broadcast stations employ programming strategies which according to Eastman (1993) are compatibility, habit formation, audience flow control, programme resource conservation, and breath of appeal.
Radio programming poses most challenges which include making the programme clear, logical, meaningful and easy to understand . According to Robert Hillard, Radio may represent a character in one setting and in a twinkling transport him - and the audience - to an entirely different one. This is done through the use of narration, sound effects and dialogue.
Consequently, it is important to note that certain indices exist that undermine the quality of broadcast programmes specifically radio programmes in Nigeria.
It has been discovered that government censorship and financial control of most broadcast stations affect the quality of programmes aired. A case in point is where incumbent government insists that airtimes be utilized in sychophany and praise singing broadcast of the government in power. Post and pre-censorship of programmes are in too.
There is a common saying in regard to mass media control in Nigeria and elsewhere which has become a cliche that “he who pays the piper dictates the tune”. This means that the owner of a mass media channel controls what the medium broadcast and how it broadcasts it as the case of Anambra broadcasting service Awka. Surely control through ownership is a fact of life in every society, but then the nature of this control usually varies greatly depending upon the political system, the orientation of political leaders in control of government and the political climate prevailing the caliber of Journalists and other professionals communicators.
These forces exert control over the broadcast media in the sense that their individual or combine influences could shape the content, activities and orientation of the broadcasting media quite considerably, depending upon the magnitude of influences and these affect the quality of the programmes. The broadcasters, before giving information considers if the “piper” likes it or not. They shave out the parts that will not be pleasant to the “Piper” and not considering what the public (audience) needs to hear. This is a major problem that affects the quality of ‘events from government house’, a radio programme in ABS, Awka. Any information that is not accepted by the government who is the ‘Piper’ cannot be disseminated to the public.
Aside from this, it has also been discovered that lack of qualified staff and use of obsolete equipment has become a huge stumbling block and hindrance to effective quality programmes. Effective programming requires well talented and trained staff with the right orientation and sound judgment in the intricacies of broadcast productions. These include writers, directors, producers, presenters, engineers, maintenance staff, announcers, etc. Programming involves putting the right peg in the right hole. Therefore, the personnel required for programming affects it to a large extent . Thus when the staff lack talent or are not creative, programmes lose their integrity and attraction. It takes a creative mind to put out a fantastic performance. When a mind is creative, it has the ability of putting together research findings.
The radio station of Anambra broadcasting service (ABS) Awka, is an example of one of the most broadcasting stations where untrained staff and analog or obsolete equipment are still much in use rather than the recent digital and computerized system. It is also plagued with the absence of quality transmitters that makes radio broadcasting programmes epileptic.
Oftentimes most of the content of programmes being aired are not entertaining, educative and informative. Programmes aired by radio broadcast should basically focus on development, that is such transmissions that can spur people to greater individual and national development. It should also focus on how to sustain the attention of their listening and viewing audience. It should include hooks, suspense and other attention-getting device. Programme for broadcast is meant to be supplement to formal school offering but it is not so in Nigerian context. However, the recent Nigerian Broadcasting Commission (NBC) guideline stipulating 60% local content of any programming effort though good is adversely affecting the quality of most indigenous programmes.
Misuse of the broadcast media for political purpose has always constituted a serious problem in the country. Government and private broadcast media sometimes disregard the started objectives of their organisatiosn by allowing their channels to be used for political selfish ends by political lackeys.
The ABS radio station is sometimes being hampered by lack of significant independence in programming because the prime viewing time has been taken over by network programmes which the ABS radio station is meant to hook onto. The scheduling of some of these radio station broadcast programmes does not coincide with audience activity. This is evident in the time scheduling to some programmes which does not suit with the timing of the listeners. For instance, ABS, Awka airs the radio programme ‘Events from Government House’ at 5.30am. This time is not convenient for its audience as they might not be awake by that time and so wrong audience who now listen to it may not understand the quality of such programmes. Lack of continuity of such programmes and effective feedback and lack of proper research on the subject matter are also cankerworms that have hindered the production of quality radio programmes. Most times, radio programmes are haphazardly done, and because of this, quality programmes will never be the end product.
The feedback system through phone–in-facilities has become the lazy way out of programme production. Producers are no longer keen in searching for qualitative artists to discuss programmes on radio. Instead they allow unguarded or uncontrolled outbursts from listeners who are privileged to have telephone in their homes but do not know what to do with them.
Years ago, listeners where encouraged to write letters to producers of programmes and such letters have been constructive and of tremendous help in improving the quality of broadcast programmes. It is difficult to explain why a developing country like Nigeria will issue licenses to broadcast operators just to play music. This is true, but sad development. Broadcast Media should be channel towards development efforts and this pre-supposes the fact that recipients of broadcast messages should be part of programmes conceptualization and implementation. Every radio programme in Nigeria should be backed up by researchers.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RADIO BROADCASTING IN NIGERIA
Over the decades, broadcasting in Nigeria has served as the channel for government propaganda.
Radio has been found to be very useful, because it is popular with the rural population and also enjoys the intimacy which other media of communication lack. In developed world, radio has been used for development purposes. Programmes that are meant to achieve these development purposes have been conceived and executed at the various levels of the society. In Nigeria, however, radio has been seen as a one-way communication channel in which the government communicates to the governed without an appropriate feed-back system.
Radio, according to Microsoft Encarta Premium (2009) is a system of communication employing electromagnetic waves propagated through space.
It has been acknowledge universally as a very important means of disseminating information of all the modern means of communication in the world, radio is the most popular because the majority by of the members of the public have access to it. Moreover, radio has the capability of achieving its programmes for both literates and illiterates. This is particularly true in a developing country like Nigeria with its high illiteracy level. Newspapers, Magazines, posters and books which are the print media can hardly reach the illiterates. Radio can, because it employs the oral vernacular as well as television. Launery (1962) observed and said:
“Africa will in large measure own their freedom and newly found place in the world to two singular technological developments. The dry cell battery powered portable offer leaders of Africa’s newly independent countries that only practical means of reaching much of their people most of the time”.
Radio is supplemental. Most radio listening occurs while we are doing something else–driving working, studying cleaning, falling asleep, waking up and so on. Radio rarely is the prime focus of our attention; it provides an audio background for our activities.
Also radio is portable. Virtually every household has at least one working and almost every car is equipped with radio. Some radio sets, like the walkman, are small and personal. Others like the boom box, are big and public. No matter their size, radio sets are easily transported and go every where-the beach, sporting events , jogging trails, the work place etc. Car radios provide news and entertainment to commuters on their way to and from work. Infact, it is hard to find a place where radio cannot go.
Radio broadcasting in Nigeria dates back to 1932 and has its roots in England. It started as ‘wireless for monitoring and relaying programmes from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the interest of her colonial servants’. Church (2009:9).
Before independence, all the programmes are packaged and relayed from BBC in London. Radio in Nigeria between 1937 and 1955 was an extension of oversea broadcasting organization. Programmes were purely British, sometimes tailored to suit the task of the colonial listeners.
In 1951, the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS) was formally inaugurated as a relay station working closely with the BBC. The ordinance No. 36 of 1956 heralded the setting up of the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) which was set up among other functions, ‘ to provide independent and impartial broadcasting services” within Nigeria. The NBC tried to maintain a national profile in its operation but according to Lan Mackay (1964) “it failed to provide a regional image to the satisfaction of the regional government’.
The growth of radio stations often followed the creation of more states in the country. An example is in 1976 when the country was divided into 19 states, radio stations increased.
The NBC later changed its name to Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) in 1979. Today in Nigeria, all the states of the Federation enjoy the broadcast service of FRCN along with the state owned stations like Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS), Awka. That had made radio to be the medium of the widest audience in the country. Radio is the most obvious as well as the most effective means of mass communication in Nigeria because its impact is immediate and enduring.
Therefore, radio broadcasting is regarded as a national undertaking of the highest order and an indispensable element for public motivation by every government. Political, social and technical considerations are the cardinal reasons for the proliferation of FM radio stations in Nigeria. The federal government decided to restrict state radio stations to medium wave broadcast on December 8, 1979. This led to the setting up of FM station by some government in Nigeria. This brought the existence of the many FM stereos and other FM stations.
The Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS) Awka is a disengagement from Anambra Broadcasting Service, Enugu in 1992. The ABS Awka originally started in 1960 at Enugu as the Eastern Nigerian Broadcasting corporation (ENBC) which was later renamed the East Central State Broadcasting Service (ECBS) of 1971 after the civil war at Enugu. The then ECBS has a television and a radio arm, which was later spilt into Anambra Broadcasting Corporation and the Eastern Nigerian Television Authority (ENTV) as of 1976.
Subsequently, the ABS was renamed the Anambra Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Eastern Nigerian Television Authority (ENTA) was renamed as the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) with subsequent political charges, merging took place in 1985 under a re-organization exercise which resulted to the ABS Enugu. Anambra Broadcasting Corporation and Anambra television which came into existence by Jim Nwobodo were the two stations that merged and this was backed up by the then government Edict No 6 of 1985 and later by the Edict No 4 of 1987 as a corporate establishment.
After the creation of states in 1992, Anambra Broadcasting Service or corporation disengaged from ABS Enugu as an autonomous corporate establishment and backed by the Edict No 4 of 1987 under the Ministry of Information with specified scheme of service and the conditions of services for staff regulations and welfare.
Government Regulations of Broadcasting
Among the different media of mass communication, the broadcast media have always been a source of worry to government. One major reason for government control of broadcasting is based on the fact that the airwaves (electro-magnetic spectrum) are a scarce and public resource. It is argued that this resource should be controlled and allotted by the government in the way best suitable for serving the public good.
Another reason for government control of broadcasting derives from the perceived power of broadcasting to influence public opinion, given the peculiar characteristics of broadcast media. From its inception, therefore, government has sought to exercise control over the broadcast media. It is not usually the case with the print. Consequently, for a long time in virtually every third world country, the government owned and controlled all broadcast media. The defence often offered for the adoption of this prevalent ownership pattern in developing world is that there is an urgent need for national development and that the government needs to control the mass media so as to better use them to achieve the national goal.
However, government control of Broadcasting has always involved more than ownership, and extends beyond government owned media to include privately owned broadcast media. Even in most advanced democracies, broadcasting is subject to government regulation which varies in degrees from country to country. In the United States of America, for instance, the government regulates broadcasting through the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). This is the body established by the United States Congress in 1934 and empowered to regulate radio, television, and telephone communication. Bittner (1980:326).
In Nigeria, the equivalent of the FCC is the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) which was established by Decree 38 of 1992. This decree gives wide – ranging powers to NBC to regulate and control the broadcast industry in the country.
Licensing process and control is one way the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) regulates the broadcast industry. The then information minister, Chief John Nwodo (Jnr) says:
“‘under the National Broadcasting Commission Decree No.38 of 1992, the commission is empowered to receive, process and consider applications for ownership of radio and television stations including cable to services, direct satellite broadcast and other medium of broadcasting”
Establishments licensed to broadcast under Decree No. 38 of 1992, are subject to strict monitoring and control by the commission in relation to purely technical as well as to regulate the type of broadcast equipment to be used by it. Operators of license stations are obliged to make their broadcast facilities (including equipment and station log book) available for inspection by the inspectorate staff of the commission.
Another control Mechanism can be seen in the fees which Broadcasting Association of Nigeria called for a review of fees payable by broadcasting houses arguing that ‘this will remove the present situation of unilateral imposition of asphyxiating fees in millions of Naira on broadcasting stations by the NBC’.
Quality of Radio Broadcasting in Nigeria
How could the programme content be improved in order to achieve national idea of combating most on the social ills of the society, is one important question which needed to be asked in this study. This brings the word ‘Quality’ which means a general standard.
The quality of Radio Broadcasting could be determined by the good or bad programmes rendered to the listeners. A quality radio broadcast programme as articulated in the National broadcasting code of 1993 is meant to:
A) Cover the areas of education, entertainment and information.
B) Promote social values and norms, civic and social responsibilities
C) Promote the acquisition or pursuit of knowledge.
D) Promote the physical, mental and social well–being of the people
E) Foster the spirit of self discipline and self sacrifice
F) And encourage the prevention and development of human values and respect of the dignity of man.
The services rendered by the Nigerian Broadcasting commission has achieved little or no benefit. For instance, broadcasting to the Mass audience has the ability to transcend illiteracy and other traditional barriers associated with the print media programme. Contents of radio which is programme should be given a careful consideration and every decision that has to do with the proposed programme should be evaluated in line with the expectations of the intended audience.
The ability to reach specialized audience and penetrating the lives of virtually the entire world population could mean that radio broadcasting has high quality in rating.
Objective of Radio Broadcasting
Radio broadcasting has come a long way like many countries in Africa. It has evolved from transmitting programmes from the home countries of the colonialists to the poor natives in Africa. Radio in this sense had been effective in brain washing the Africans on what their colonial masters were doing to cater for their interests
At independence, the African leaders were to know the effect of broadcasting on the people and so used it as government megaphone. Radio broadcasting is a medium that could be used for a lot of purposes. It could help to report the activities of the people for government attention and because of the high illiteracy level, radio broadcasting is preferred to other media of communication because of its portability and its flexibility in programming.
Government policies could be translated into local languages and broadcast to the people. It is not therefore surprising that broadcasting has been adopted to propagate the ideas of a government in power to the detriment of the people they are supposed to serve.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This nation Nigeria is constantly facing the problem of illiteracy coupled with ignorance. Different qualitative programmes have been adopted and old ones discarded in preference to new ones in order to educate the masses. But the big question here is ‘have all these programmes been able to inform, entertain and educate the people?”. Radio broadcast programmes always have an objective behind it which it tends to achieve which are information, entertainment and education. The question is “how far have this been fulfilled and accomplished?”.
Producers moreover, tried to change and modify their progrmames in perception of what the audience wants to know and mostly to the choice or decision of the ‘Piper’. Also a constant problem to the producers is the issue of timing of the programmes. Some of the programmes are projected at the period not suitable for the audience and consequently, audience perception and reception of the programmes become a serious concern to the producers.
The problem of two-way flow of information (feedback) between the producers of these programmes and their audience constitutes a challenge to the said issues.
Also unavailability of certain facilities and use of obsolete equipments will definitely hinder the effectiveness of this programme. And the question is “to what extent has government. assistance especially in the area of power supply been felt?”.
Lack of adequate financing of local programmes is not forgotten. These and many more questions are being raised in order to give appropriate response to the issue of quality broadcasting.
Questionnaire, interviews and participant observations are designed to examine the hindrance to quality radio broadcast programmes.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is with the view to examine critically the state of programmes and programming in AnambraState, with the aim of discovering all the hindrances to effective programmes. Broadcast has been defined as the single most powerful means of information dissemination. This lie in the nature of broadcasting seeing that it is all pervasive and persuasive, especially radio, which can transcend the barriers of illiteracy time and location to capture the mind of audience. A radio broadcast programme in Nigeria has consequently become a powerful tool for influencing the public.
This research work also aims at assessing the objectives of Anambra Broadcasting Service (ABS) with which the present investigation is concerned in the production of quality radio broadcast programmes.
This study is equally aimed at suggesting adequate solutions to the factors that affect the quality of radio broadcast programme.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Radio is one of the instruments for disseminating information to the mass media audience that are heterogeneous, diversified and with different cultural background. Radio stations are expressing opinions to its target audience and trying to sell its ideas to the audience through well planned and systematically organised programmes at all times.
This research work will assist and let programmes producers or radio stations to understand the factors affecting the quality of the radio programme ‘family forum’. Equally, it will enable them to know how to plan a programme that is of a high quality.
It will furthermore, help the programme planners to monitor and adjust their airtime as time requirement must be evaluated realistically even if it involves eliminating some segments of the production. This will encourage and require the programme producers to produce quality broadcast programmes to suit their audience which according to Eastman (1993), broadcast station must employ the use of programming strategies such as compatibility, habit formation, audience flow control, programme resource conservation, and breath of appeal.
This research study will help the government know the areas where it has to support the media and also remind the radio programme producers about the objective of radio broadcasting.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were formulated and tested in this research.
1) Does funding of ABS by the state government affect its activities profession wise?.
2) Do differences in culture, language and custom affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS Awka?.
3) Does lack of proper personnel and modern equipment affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka?.
4) Does lack of knowledge of programming strategies affects the quality of the radio programme Family Forum’ of ABS Awka?.
5) Does profit motive make it possible for the neglect of the function of broadcasting by ABS, Awka?.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
This study will definitely answer and give solutions to fully understand and achieve the purpose of this research. These questions will appear in some hypothetical formulations which will be proven later in the course of research.
H1 Funding of ABS by the state government affects its activities profession wise
H0 Funding of ABS by the state government does not affect its activities profession wise.
H2 Differences in culture, language and custom affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka
H0 Differences in culture, language and custom does not affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H3 Lack of proper personnel and modern equipment affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H0 Lack of proper personnel and modern equipment does not affect the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H4 Lack of knowledge of programming strategies affects the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H0 Lack of knowledge of programming strategies does not affects the quality of the radio programme ‘Family Forum’ of ABS, Awka.
H5 Profit motive make it possible for the neglect of the function of broadcasting by ABS, Awka
H0 Profit motive does not make it possible for the neglect of the function of broadcasting by ABS, Awka .
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Radio: An electronic device through which audio messages are sent across to unidentified and scattered audience simultaneously.
Programme: According to Dictionary of Mass Communication, it is a clearly defined and labeled fragment of a television or radio output that is distinguishable from non program such as advertising,
Audience: The group of consumers for whom the media text was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to it. It also includes individuals who read a newspaper or magazines, listen to radio and view television broadcast.
Broadcasting : A method of transmitting radio, internet or tele
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TODAY, AMERICAN diplomatic compounds around the world resemble armed bunkers, resting behind higher and higher walls, literally and figuratively, than ever before. After the tragic 2012 attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi in which Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens was killed, politicized criticisms of how he perished led to calls for fortress diplomacy. Whatever intelligence or operational failures occurred in Benghazi, a clear-eyed view of the tragedy would recognize that Stevens was doing precisely what American diplomats must—talking with local players. Stevens clearly understood that his mission required him to talk to Libyans, to venture beyond the high-walled safety of the embassy.
In fact, lowering the metaphorical walls guarding U.S. diplomacy by developing a strategy of engagement with civil society is overdue. “America must always lead on the world stage,” President Barack Obama stated at West Point in May 2014. “U.S. military action cannot be the only—or even primary—component of our leadership in every instance.” He went on to allude to soft-power tools, arguing that the United States forms alliances “not just with governments, but also with ordinary people.”
Civil society–focused diplomacy offers good value. Enlarging the space for civil society can catalyze change at a minute fraction of the cost the United States pays to maintain its military dominance. It also aligns with U.S. values, since aiding civil society is a way for the United States to bolster universal human rights and cultivate democratic aspirations. It is good for America’s image in the world—scenes of former secretary of state Hillary Clinton meeting with Afghan women leaders, holding roundtables with Burmese activists and dancing with Malawian farmers have helped restore America’s reputation as a force for good. Above all, it can serve a dynamic understanding of U.S. interests by anticipating and, where possible, influencing shifts in countries’ leadership.
The Obama administration launched its “Stand with Civil Society” initiative in late 2013, but it has yet to satisfactorily articulate or implement a detailed vision for what such a “societal diplomacy” should involve. What does such person-to-person diplomacy entail in practice? What can it achieve? And what happens when societal diplomacy comes into tension with traditional government-to-government diplomacy?
THE IDEA of “societal diplomacy” is a simple one—it rests on the notion that America’s international relations need not be limited to other sovereign governments. Rather, the U.S. government must engage and build relationships with civil society, which encompasses the broad general public, political activists and human-rights defenders, the legal community, businesses, academics and independent media. Washington should, moreover, aim to liberalize governments and protect civil society’s agency.
The first major goal of societal diplomacy is to carve out space for civil society worldwide, especially in countries where illiberal governments are seeking to monitor and shrink the space for civil society to dissent, resist and rally for reform. Openness and free expression facilitate reform and innovation, which, in turn, spur economic development and prosperity. An empowered citizenry may also be more likely to question going to war, which incentivizes more peaceful and cooperative behavior among states.
Second, societal diplomacy would serve to further U.S. interests by hedging its bets on who will wield power in the future in a given country and enhancing its legitimacy by matching rhetoric about democracy with deeds. The United States can gain flexibility in responding to unpredictable outcomes in countries where current power arrangements may not hold. America should expand its notion of what defines a foreign partner to include liberal opposition actors in order to build relationships that will outlast brittle autocracies. By nurturing relationships with democratic activists and community leaders, the United States can position itself on the “right side of history,” the term Obama so hesitantly used in reference to Egyptians calling for democratic change in 2011.
Finally, societal diplomacy would have positive ramifications for the United States’ legitimacy as a global leader. Popular acceptance of American global leadership has declined over the last decade. According to the Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project, foreign countries’ confidence in the ability of the American president to “do the right thing regarding global affairs” was dismal during the George W. Bush presidency (in 2005 and 2006, there was not a single nation in which over 75 percent of its population expressed confidence), and has declined throughout the course of the Obama presidency after an initial spike. In acting unilaterally to invade Iraq on a false pretext, violating international human-rights standards at Guantánamo Bay, and instituting a legally and ethically dubious targeted-killing program against suspected terrorists, the United States has lost some of the moral authority that it once claimed as the leader of the free world.
Rebuilding a positive image on the world stage requires winning back the trust of not only allied governments but also people around the world. Supporting liberal activists or NGOs in the Middle East now, for example, can help counter the damage done by decades of U.S. support for authoritarian leaders in Egypt, Tunisia and elsewhere. Supporting civil society throughout East Asia is equally important—from Hong Kong residents demanding direct democracy, to repressed dissenters and worshippers elsewhere in China, to those jailed after the coup in Thailand, to NGOs still marginalized in Myanmar. By lending soft-power resources to strengthen civil society around the world (for example, expertise and training, monetary support, and the time and attention of its diplomats), the United States can chip away at the false idea that its goal is to spread democracy by force—and the well-founded suspicion that its support for democratization is self-servingly selective in practice.
THE PRIMARY tactics of societal engagement are twofold: talking and acting. Washington-based diplomats on travel or those on the ground must meet meaningfully with civil-society actors—if such meetings do not compromise the latter’s safety, agency or reputation. From the outset, a diplomat must signal an intention of being there for civil society as much as or more than for the authorities. Our diplomacy should actively prioritize nonviolent civil-society resistance to illiberal rule. For example, in April 2005, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice met with opposition parties and civil-society leaders from Belarus in Vilnius. In doing so, she showed solidarity against President Aleksandr Lukashenko and boosted that solidarity by conducting the meeting along with the European Union’s foreign-policy chief and the sitting Lithuanian foreign minister. Coupled with targeted economic sanctions on Lukashenko’s senior leadership, such highly visible diplomacy put the United States clearly behind preserving space for civil-society leaders.
Shedding post-9/11 “fortress diplomacy,” diplomats abroad should also dispatch more gritty, candid reporting by cable to Washington on civil society, vividly demonstrating the value of engaging it to decision-making readers. In this and other ways, the State Department would be wise to reconceptualize what it means to be a successful diplomat, incorporating employees’ intensity and success in interaction with civil society into standards and benchmarks for career advancement.
Traditional notions of soft power, most notably in Joseph Nye’s writing on the topic, overemphasize popular culture’s import. The dissemination of popular culture to the public of the country in question can be left to the private sector (the Internet, television, film, video games and other industries). With finite resources, in a division of labor, the U.S. government can leave private channels to disseminate cultural messages, while societal diplomacy today must prioritize actually enlarging the space of NGOs, democrats, artists and writers to express themselves.
Often the United States has succeeded in engaging and strengthening civil society because circumstances were propitious. But in order for societal diplomacy to be a cornerstone for U.S. foreign policy, it must also be put into practice where political circumstances are less opportune. What would societal diplomacy entail in practice in two cases chosen precisely because they would pose quite serious obstacles for U.S. policy implementation: China and Saudi Arabia?
AS CHINA emerges as an economic, military and diplomatic power, a credible case could be made that a larger voice for civil society and political liberalization could make the Chinese state more of the “responsible stakeholder” Robert Zoellick encouraged as U.S. deputy secretary of state, and restrain aggressive moves, such as in South China Sea territorial disputes. Even so, China is and will continue to be a thorny case. Beijing’s opposition to political dissent and to external backing of civil-society actors is pronounced. Engaging independent reformers therefore risks increased bilateral friction. Yet only engaging civil-society elements approved by the government risks limiting dialogue to groups established by or beholden to the state.
Funding levels for overall U.S. assistance programs in China have contracted in recent years; it’s very difficult to justify development assistance to an economic powerhouse and to demonstrate that such assistance does not simply underwrite the autocracy’s legitimacy. The remaining aid emphasizes dialogue on effective rule of law on terms acceptable to Chinese authorities and consistent with use by the state as an instrument of power. Some modest assistance to civil-society groups has, however, been disbursed by the Department of State’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor without publicly identifying grantees, and by the National Endowment for Democracy more overtly (roughly $6–8 million each year since 2007 for internal groups and some in exile). | <urn:uuid:4405648b-c675-4fd2-b862-666b6feb7edb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nationalinterest.org/feature/power-the-people-taking-diplomacy-the-streets-12323 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941219 | 1,987 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What Is a Learning Disability?
The term ‘learning disability’ can seem quite ambiguous, especially since the definition differs somewhat in the UK and USA. However the World Health Organisation and, in turn, the British government are quite specific on the use of this term. In the UK, the term ‘learning disability’ is used to encompass the following traits in both children and adults alike:
- A state of arrested or incomplete development of mind;
- Significant impairment of intellectual functioning
- Significant impairment of adaptive/social functioning
A person with a learning disability may experience difficulty in undertaking and coping with social interaction, as well as difficulty in recognising potentially dangerous situations that can leave them vulnerable. Difficulties can also lie with tasks such as effective communication, and the ability to take care of oneself. However, the extent of a learning disability varies from person to person, and can depend on the severity of the particular condition or syndrome.
A learning disability is an impairment that exists from childhood, and does not describe a difficulty that is developed in adulthood. A learning disability is also not something that has occurred as a consequence of accidental injury or the result of the aftermath of adult illness. Two more widely known learning disabilities are the condition ADHD, as well as dyslexia.
Learn About Learning DifficultiesThe phrase ‘learning difficulties’ is used in relation to learning disabilities, especially in educational attainments. It has also been adopted as an alternative terminology to the term ‘learning disabilities’. It has been suggested that people with learning disabilities actually prefer to use the phrase ‘learning difficulty’. Another phrase used to describe learning disabilities is ‘developmental disability’, although this isn’t a particularly popular terminology. It is important to remember that many people with learning disabilities don’t like to be referred to or thought of as ‘afflicted’ or ‘suffering’.
AssessmentThrough observation and assessment, many learning disabilities are diagnosed during childhood. Assessment of learning disabilities is usually done via a number of tests to evaluate intellectual and social functioning. This helps to fathom the severity of the learning disability, and what measures can be put in place to aid education, as well as assisting with social care if needed. For instance, children with ADHD or dyslexia may be given the chance to undertake a tailored education programme at school if required. For adults, there have also been fairly recent steps taken by the Government to encourage self-advocacy and social inclusion for people with learning disabilities.
For intellectual functioning, psychometric testing alone may not deliver an accurate evaluation, as other factors such as mental illness or drug use can have an effect on the results. Therefore measuring the IQ of the assessed is also undertaken. Social assessment is fairly involved, as a variety of factors such as personal circumstances (i.e. religion, gender and age) present living situation have to be taken into account. Assessment scales are used, and the results are usually measured against a number of scales, such as the Adaptive Behaviour Scale (ABS).
Many people with mild and moderate learning disabilities are able to lead independent lives, and children with learning disabilities can enter into mainstream education. | <urn:uuid:1cf27109-9d1d-4664-ae10-ce6bd44b744d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aboutlearningdisabilities.co.uk/what-learning-disability.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969021 | 657 | 3.703125 | 4 |
III - The Political Use of the Myth
1 - The Israeli-Zionist Lobby in the United States
"The Israeli Prime Minister has a lot more influence over the foreign policy of the United States in the Middle East than he has in his own country."
Source : Paul Findley, "They Dare to Speak Out", p. 92
How were such myths able to lead to such deep-rooted beliefs in millions of sincere people?
- By the creation of all-powerful "lobbies" capable of influencing the action of politicians and of conditioning public opinion.
The modes of action are adapted to the country. In the United States, where 6 million Jews live, the "Jewish vote" can be an important factor in determining the electoral majority where (because of the high number of abstentions and the absence of major policy differences between the two parties) victory can often be had with a margin of 3% or 4%.
"What's more, the volatility of public opinion, which depends to a large extent on the "look" of the candidate or on his performance on television, depends on the budget of his committees and of the potential of his marketing policy.'In 1988 the American Senate elections required an advertising budget of 500 million dollars.'"
Source : Alain COTTA, "Capitalism in all its States," Ed. FAYARD 1991. p. 158
The most powerful officially listed lobby on the Capitol is the A.I.P.A.C. ("American Israel Public Affairs Committee")
The strength of the Israelis in the U.S. as early as 1942, is such that at the Biltmore Hotel in New York a maximalist convention decides that it is necessary to move from the "Jewish homeland in Palestine" (promised by Balfour : a slow colonization by buying land under British or American protection) to the creation of a "sovereign Jewish state".
The duplicity which characterizes the whole history of political zionism is expressed in the "interpretations" of what was to be the outcome of Herzl's efforts : "The Balfour Declaration" (in 1917). The formula of a "national Jewish homeland" is taken up again at the Congress of Basle. Lord Rothschild had prepared a declaration advocating "the national principle of the Jewish people". Balfour's final declaration does not talk any more about all Palestine, but only about the "establishment in Palestine of a national homeland for the Jewish people". In actual fact everybody says "homeland" (as if it were a spiritual and cultural center), and, in reality, thinks "State", as did Herzl himself. Lloyd George wrote in his book : "The Truth About the Peace Treaties", (Ed. Gollancz 1938, vol. 2, pp. 1138 39) : "There could be no doubt about what the members of the cabinet had in mind at the time... Palestine would become an independent state." It is significant that General Smuts, a member of the War Cabinet, declared in Johannesburg on 3 November 1915 : "Over the coming generations, you will see the emergence over there (in Palestine) once again, of a great Jewish state."
On 26 January 1919 Lord Curzon wrote : "While Weizman is telling you one thing, and you are thinking "Jewish national homeland", he has something completely different in mind. He is envisaging a Jewish state and a subjugated Arab population governed by Jews. He is trying to realize this behind the protective screen of the British guarantee."
Weizman had clearly explained to the British government that the objective of zionism was to create a "Jewish state" (with 4 or 5 million Jews). Lloyd George and Balfour gave him the assurance"that by using the term "national homeland" in the Balfour Declaration, we did indeed mean a Jewish state."
On 14 May 1948 Ben Gurion proclaims independence at Tel Aviv :
" The Jewish state in Palestine will be called Israel".
Despite the divergence between those who, like Ben Gurion, considered it a duty for every Jew in the world to come and live in Israel, and those who thought that the action of the Jews in America was more important, in the very interest of Israel, it was the latter tendency which was to be more powerful : out of the 35,000 Americans or Canadians who immigrated into Israel, only 5,400 stayed there.
Source : Melvin I. Wofsky : "We are one! American Jewry and Israel", New York, 1978 Pub. Ander Press - Doubleday pp. 265 - 266
The State of Israel was admitted to the United Nations thanks to brazen pressure from the lobby.
Eisenhower didn't want to alienate the oil producing Arab countries :"A prodigious source of strategic power and one of the greatest sources of wealth in the history of the world", he said.
Source : Bick, "Ethnic Linkage and Foreign Policy", p. 81
Truman swept aside his scruples for electoral reasons and it was to be the same with his successors. On the subject of the power of the Zionist lobby and of the "Jewish vote", President Truman himself had declared in 1946, to a group of diplomats : "I am sorry gentlemen, but I have to answer to hundreds of thousands of people who are expecting the success of Zionism. I don't have thousands of Arabs among my electors."
Source : William Eddy, F.P. Roosevelt and Ibn Saoud, N.Y. "American Friends of the Middle East", 1954 p. 31 (or 39)
The former British Prime Minister Clement Atlee gives this testimony: " U.S. policy in Palestine was shaped by the Jewish vote and by the subsidies of several large Jewish companies."
Source : Clement Atlee, "A Prime Minister Remembers", Pub. Heinemann, London 1961, p. 181.
Eisenhower had, in agreement with the Russians, stopped the Israeli aggression (supported by the British and French leaders) against the Suez Canal in 1956.
Senator J.F. Kennedy had, in this matter, shown no enthusiasm.
In 1958 the "Conference of Presidents" of the Jewish associations charges its president, Klutznik, with contacting Kennedy, a possible candidate. He declared to him plainly,"If you say what you have to say, you can count on me. If not, I will not be the only one to turn his back on you."
Source : Melvin I. Wofsky, "We Are One", p. 265 - 266
Klutznik summed up for him what he had to say : The attitude of Eisenhower in the Suez affair was wrong but in '48 Truman was on the right track. Kennedy followed this "advice" in 1960 when he was designated as candidate by the democratic convention. After his declarations in front of Jewish V.I.P.'s in New York he got 500,000 dollars for his campaign, Klutz as adviser and 80% of the Jewish vote.
Source: Ibidem, p. 271 to 280
During his first meeting with Ben Gurion in the New York Astoria Waldorf Hotel in spring 1961, John F. Kennedy said to him: "I know that I have been elected thanks to the votes of American Jews. I owe my election to them. Tell me what I have to do for the Jewish people."
Source : Edward Tivnan, "The Lobby", p. 56 (quoting the biographer of Ben Gurion, Michel Bar Zohar)
After Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson went even farther. An Israeli diplomat wrote : "We lost a good friend. But we have found an even better one... Johnson is the best friend the Jewish State has ever had in the White House."
Source : I. L. Kenen, "Israel's Defense Line", Prometheus Book, 1981. pp. 66 - 67
Johnson did indeed give strong support during the "six day war" of 1967. From then on, 99% of American Jews would support Israeli zionism. "To be a Jew today means to be tied to Israel."
Source : Schlomo Avineri : "The Making of Modern Zionism", N.Y., Basis Book, 1981, p. 219
U.N. resolution 242 of November 1967 demanded the evacuation of the territories occupied during the war and De Gaulle, after this aggression, declared an embargo on arms destined for Israel. The American congress followed. But Johnson lifted it in December and, under pressure from the A.I.P.A.C., delivered the Phantom planes ordered by Israel.
Source: Bick, p. 65 and 66 or 166
As a consequence of this Israel didn't criticize the war in Vietnam.
Source: Abba Eban, autobiography. D. 460
When Golda Meir came to the U.S. in 1979, Nixon compared her to "biblical Deborah" and smothered her in praise for Israel's economic boom.
Source: Steven L.S. Spiegel: "The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict", University of Chicago Press, 1985, p. 185
The "Rogers Plan", taking up again the essence of U.N. Resolution 242, was rejected by Golda Meir.
Source: Kenen, p. 239
Nixon delivered 45 Phantoms and more than 80 Skylark bombers to Israel.
Nasser died on 8 September 1970 and Sadat proposed peace with Israel. Moshe Dayan, Minister of Defense, refused, in spite of the views of the Minister for Foreign Affairs Abba Eban.
So on 6 October 1973 Sadat launched the offensive which was to be known as the Yom Kippur War and destroyed the reputation of both Golda Meir, who had to resign on 10 April 1974, and Moshe Dayan.
Nevertheless, the Jewish lobby on the Capitol won a great success for the accelerated rearmament of Israel: 2 billion dollars, on the pretext of fighting a competing Arab lobby.
Source: Neff, "Warriors of Jerusalem" (p. 217)
Money from the Jewish banks of Wall Street was added to the governmental aid.
Source: Bick, p. 65 and Abba Eban, p. 460.
Of the 21 people who contributed more than 100,000 dollars to Senator Hubert Humphrey, 15 were Jews, at their forefront the bosses of the "Hollywood Jewish mafia" like Wasserman. Overall, they contributed more than 30% of the Democrats' election fund.
Source: Stephen D. Isaacs, "Jews and American Politics" (N.Y. pub. Doubleday, 1974, chapter 8)
The A.I.P.A.C. mobilized again and got in three weeks, for 21 May 1975, the signatures of 76 senators asking President Ford to support Israel, as they did.
Source: Full text in Shechan, "Arabs, Israelis and Kissinger", Reader's Digest Press (p. 175)
Jimmy Carter's path was marked out for him: at the Synagogue of Elizabeth in New Jersey, dressed in the blue velvet toga, he proclaimed:
"I honor the same God as you. We (The Baptists) study the same Bible as you." And he concluded,"The survival of Israel does not come down to politics. It is a moral duty."
Source: "Time", 21 June, 1976
This was the period when Begin and the religious parties had taken power from the Labor Party in Israel:"Begin considered himself more as a Jew than as an Israeli", wrote his biographer.
Source: Silver, "Begin: The Haunted Prophet", p. 164
In November 1976 Nahum Goldmann, President of the World Jewish Congress, came to Washington to see the President, Vance and Brzezinski and gave the Carter administration this unexpected advice: "smash the Zionist lobby in the United States".
Source: "Stern", New York, 24 April 1978
Goldmann had dedicated his life to zionism and played a key role in the "lobby" since the time of Truman and he said now that his own creation, The Presidents' Conference, was a "destructive force" and a "major obstacle" to Peace in the Middle East.
Begin was in power and Goldmann was determined to undermine his policy, even if this meant destroying his own pressure group.
Six years later Cyrus Vance, one of the interlocutors at this meeting, confirmed Goldmann's proposals:"Goldmann suggested to us to smash the lobby but The President and The Secretary of State replied that they didn't have the power and that, besides, this could open the way to anti semitism."
Source: Interview with Cyrus Vance by Edward Tivnan, "The Lobby", pub. Simon and Schuster, 1987, p. 123
Begin, sharing power with Labor, appointed Moshe Dayan as Minister for Foreign Affairs in place of Shimon Peres. The President of the Jewish Presidents' Conference in the U.S Schindler, had this turn in favor of the extremists accepted, stressing the pragmatism of Dayan. Begin, for a while, hardly had to worry about the American zionists whom he considered to be Labour's supporters.
But American businessmen, noticing the influence of the rabbis on Begin and especially the latter's attachment to "free enterprise" (contrary to the state intervention of Labour), welcomed the Camp David Agreement (September 1978). Sadat, making a separate peace with Israel, did not get to touch. The West Bank (Judea and Sumeria, "biblical" lands according to Begin) and only kept Sinai which, for Begin, was not "biblical land".
Source: Stephen D. Isaacs: "Jews and American Policy", Doubleday. 1974 D. 122
In 1976 Carter got 68% of the Jewish vote; in 1980 he only got 45% of it having, in the meantime, sold F15 planes to Egypt and "AWACS" planes to Saudi Arabia, ensuring, however, that these would never be used against Israel as the American Army controlled all the system's data from the ground.
In 1980 he was, however, beaten by Reagan who, on the contrary, extended 600 million dollars of military credit for the following 2 years.
Begin, reassured after Camp David of not being attacked from behind by the Egyptians and also by the fact that the AWACS sold to Saudi Arabia were entirely under American control, was able to show the Americans his capacity for a preventive war (like the Japanese at Pearl Harbor and the Israelis with the Egyptian aviation during the Six Day War) by proceeding to destroy, without a declaration of war, the Iraqi power station of Ozirak which had been built by the French. Begin always invoked the same sacred myth:
"There will never again be another Holocaust."
Source: "The Washington Post", 10 June 1981
Encouraged by the weakness of the American protesters who feared an escalation in the Middle East situation, Begin, one month later, on 17 July 1981, bombarded West Beirut to destroy, he said, P.L.O. bases.
Reagan then announced the project to sell 8 billion dollars worth of AWACS along with missiles to Saudi Arabia, still under conditions that in no way threatened Israel as American control was total.
To such an extent that a Senate majority accepted this good economic deal and reinforcement of American control in The Gulf. (The Saudis had to bind themselves to overfly neither Syria nor Jordan, and therefore not Israel.)
Source: Facts and Files, 20 September 1981, p. 705
Begin, still possessed by the vision of "Greater Israel" of biblical legend, continued with the establishment of Israeli colonies in The West Bank (begun by Labour) which Carter had declared "illegal" and which were in breach of U.N. Resolutions 242 and 338. But Reagan saw in Israel a way of blocking Soviet designs on the oil of The Gulf. In November 1981 Ariel Sharon, Begin's Minister of War, met his American opposite number Casper Weinberger and drew up with him a "strategic cooperation" plan to dissuade any Soviet threat in the region.
Source: "N.Y. Times", 1 December 1981
On 14 December Begin annexes The Golan. Reagan protests against this new violation of Resolution 242. Begin flares up: "Are we a banana republic ? A vassal state of yours ?"
Source: Steven Emerson, "Dutton of Arabia" in "New Republic", 16 June 1982
The following year Begin invaded Lebanon. General Haig, at the head of the war department, gives the "go ahead" for this invasion destined to set up a Christian government in Beirut.
Source: Ze'ev Shiff and Ehud Ya'ari: "Israel's Lebanon War", N.Y., Simon and Shuster, 1984
Few Americans criticized this invasion just as few Israelis had criticized that of Vietnam. But the massacres of Sabra and Chatila (carried out under the eyes of, and with the complicity of, Sharon and Eytan) and the images which were given to television, forced the Jewish lobby to break the silence.
The Vice-President of the World Jewish Congress, Hertzberg, and many rabbis criticized Begin in October 1982. Begin reproached rabbi Schindler who had made his criticism on television, for being "more American than Jewish" and one of his assistants denounced him as a "traitor".
Source: Michael Kremer, "American Jews and Israel. The Schism", N.Y., 18 October 1982
A spokesman for A.I.P.A.C. explained the strategy of those who, like him, approved of the invasion:
"We want to reinforce our support for Israel on the right wing - with people who aren't worried about what's going on on the West Bank but who target the Soviet Union."
Source: interview recorded by Tivnan, p. 181.
On this occasion the Zionist christians supported the Israeli aggression and their leader, Jerry Falwell, whom Begin called "the man who represents 60 million American Christians" in a country where there are only 6 million Jews, received the highest Zionist honor : The Jabotinski Prize for services rendered to Israel, plus 100 million dollars from the State of Israel and 140 million dollars from the Swaggert donation.
Source: "Time", "Power, glory, politics", 17 February 1986
Financial power and, consequently, political power, in a world where everything is bought and sold, is becoming more and more decisive.
Since 1948 the U.S. has supplied Israel with 28 billion dollars in military and economic aid.
Source: "Time" magazine of June 1994
* * *
Comforted by the financial flux which flooded into Israel:
1 - From German and Austrian "reparations";
2 - Because of unconditional American generosity;
3 - From payments from the Diaspora;
the Israeli leaders could consider, in foreign policy, the most ambitious aims of a "greater Israel".
We have an accurate testimony from an article of the revue "Kivounim" (Orientations) published in Jerusalem by "The World Zionist Organization" on "the strategic plans of Israel for the 80's":
"As a centralized body, Egypt is already a corpse, especially if one takes account of the ever more violent confrontation between muslims and christians. Its division into distinct geographical provinces must be our political objective for the 90's, on the western front.
Once Egypt has been thus dislocated and deprived of central power, countries like Libya, Sudan and others farther away will experience the same dissolution. The formation of a Coptic state in Upper Egypt, and of small regional entities of little size is the key to a historic development which has been slowed down by the peace agreement, but is inescapable in the long term.
In spite of appearances, the western front presents fewer problems than the one in the east. The partition of Lebanon into five provinces... Will prefigure what will happen all over the Arab world. The disintegration of Syria and Iraq into regions, based on ethnic or religious criteria, must be, in the long term, a primary goal for Israel, the first step being the destruction of the military power of these states.
The ethnic structures of Syria expose it to a dismantling which could lead to the creation of a Shiite state along the coast, a Sunni state in the Aleppo region and another one in Damascus, and a Druze entity which might hope to constitute its own state - perhaps on our Golan - in any case with Houran and the north of Jordan... Such a state would be, in the long term, a guarantee of peace and security in the region. It is an objective which is already within our reach.
Oil-rich, and victim of internal strife, Iraq is in the Israeli firing line. Its dissolution would be, for us, more important than Syria's, because it is Iraq which, in the short term, represents the more serious threat for Israel."
Source: "Kivounim", Jerusalem, No. 14, February 1982, pp. 49 - 59
(The integral text, in its Hebrew original, is reproduced in my book: "Palestine, terre des messages divins", Pub. Albatros, Paris, 1986, pp. 137 to 387, and in its French translation starting on page 315.)
For the realization of this enormous project the Israeli leaders had at their disposal limitless American aid. Of the 507 planes which they had on the eve of the invasion of Lebanon, 457 came from the U.S. thanks to gifts and loans sanctioned by Washington. The American lobby took it on itself to obtain the necessary means even if this meant going against the national interest, under pressure from the Zionist lobby.
When the objectives of the Kivounim plan were too far away and the confrontation too risky, the Israeli lobby succeeded in having the job done by the U.S. The war against Iraq is a striking example.
"Two powerful pressure groups push the U.S. to opening of hostilities.
1 - The "Jewish lobby", because the elimination of Saddam Hussein would do away with the threat of the most powerful Arab country.. The American Jews play a key role in the North American media. The permanent state of compromise between the President and Congress leads the White House to pay serious attention to their entreaties.
2 - The "business lobby"... has got to the stage of thinking that war could relaunch the economy. Didn't the Second World War, and the enormous orders which it generated for the U.S put an end to the crisis of 1929 out of which it hadn't really emerged? Didn't the Korean War provoke a new boom?
Oh happy war which would bring prosperity back to America..."
Source: Alain Peyrefitte, "Le Figaro", 5 November 1990
"It is difficult to overestimate the political influence of the American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (A.I.P.A.C.)... which has a budget which quadrupled between 1982 and 1986 (1,600,000 dollars in 1982 ; 6,900,000 dollars in 1988)."
Source: "Wall Street Journal", 24 June 1987
The Zionist leaders didn't hide the role of their lobby. Ben Gurion stated clearly: "When a Jew, in America or in South Africa, talks to his Jewish companions about 'our' government, he means the government of Israel."
Source: "Rebirth and Destiny of Israel", 1954, p. 489
At the 23rd congress of the World Zionist Organization he stipulates that the duty of a jew abroad includes "the collective obligation of every Zionist organization in various countries to help the Jewish State unconditionally and in all circumstances even if such a stance is in contradiction with the authorities of their respective nations."
Source: Ben Gurion: "Tasks and Character of a Modern Zionist", "Jerusalem Post", 17 August 1952 and "Jewish Telegraphic Agency", 8 August 1951
This confusion of Judaism as a religion (worthy of respect like all others) with political zionism including unconditional allegiance to the State of Israel (substituting for the God of Israel), can only feed anti-semitism.
The State Department was forced to react. In a letter addressed to the "American Council for Judaism", made public by the latter on 7 May 1964, Secretary of State Talbot, referring to the very principles of the American Constitution, regarding which the demands of the Zionist leaders constituted a challenge, reminded us that his country"recognizes the State of Israel as a sovereign state, and the citizenship of the State of Israel. It "recognizes no other sovereignty or citizenship in this regard. It doesn't recognize any politico-legal relationship founded on a religious identification of American citizens. It doesn't discriminate between American citizens on religious grounds. Consequently, it should be clear that the State Department doesn't consider the concept of a "Jewish people" to be a concept of international law."
Source: Quoted by Georges Friedman in "Fin du peuple juif", (Gallimard, 1956), Idees poche, p. 292
A strictly platonic declaration, besides, as this obvious legal reminder was followed up by no measure against the lobby.
The Pollard affair gives us an example.
In November 1985 an American Zionist militant, Jonathan Pollard, an analyst at navy headquarters, was arrested while taking home some secret documents. Interrogated by the F.B.I., he admits having received 50,000 dollars since the beginning of 1984 for sending these documents to Israel.
"The Pollard affair didn't come out of nowhere. It is in keeping with the current system of American-Israeli relations, more and more unwholesome, characterized by an excessive dependence which favorizes brazen attitudes.
This situation was created in 1981, when the Reagan administration gave Israel what was interpreted as a "carte blanche" to its military adventurism, under the pretext of self-defense. The first result of this was the invasion of Lebanon.
...It was predictable that such complacency from Washington would encourage arrogance in Jerusalem. It is well known that ties of close dependence sow resentment and aggression. In Israel's case, this resentment takes ill-considered forms ; the attack on Tunis is one. It is possible that the Pollard affair is another."
Source: "Washington Post", 5 December 1985
"For decades American Jews have been trying hard to convince American public opinion that their unconditional support for Israel didn't effect their loyalty to the U.S.. It now seems that it will be difficult to trust them on this point, and those who talk about "double allegiance" will find an understanding ear."
Source: "Haaretz", 1 December 1985
There is no shortage of examples where the israeli-Zionist lobby succeeds in imposing on the U.S. an attitude which is unfavorable to American interests but useful for Israeli policy.
Here are some examples:
The president of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission, Senator Fullbright, decided to summon the main Zionist leaders before a committee which threw some light on their underground activities. He summed up the results of his enquiry in a "Face the Nation" interview on C.B.S., 7 October 1973: "The Israelis control policy in Congress and in the Senate". He added:"Our colleagues in the Senate, about 70% of them, make up their minds more under the pressure of a lobby than from their own vision of what they consider to be the principles of liberty and justice."
In the next elections Fullbright lost his seat as senator.
Since Senator Fullbright's enquiry, the Zionist "lobby" has continued to strengthen its grip on American policy. In his book, "They Dare to Speak Out", (published in 1985 by Lawrence Hill and Co.) Paul Findley, who had a seat in the U.S. Congress for 22 years, described the current working and power of the Zionist "lobby". This veritable "branch of the Israeli government" controls Congress and Senate, the Presidency of the Republic, the State Department and the Pentagon as well as the media and it exercises its influence in the universities as well as in the churches.
There is no shortage of examples showing how the Israelis' demands take priority over the interests of the U.S.: On 3 October 1984 the House of Representatives repealed, by a majority of 98%, all limitations to exchanges between Israel and the U.S. in spite of the unfavorable report of the Ministry of Commerce and the opposition of all the unions (p. 31). Every year, whatever the restrictions on other areas of the budget, credit for Israel is increased. The degree of espionage is such that the most secret dossiers fall into the hands of the Israeli government. Adlai Stevenson (former presidential candidate in the U.S.) wrote in the winter '75 - '76 issue of "Foreign Affairs": "Practically no decision concerning Israel can be taken, or even discussed, at executive level, without being immediately known about by the Israeli government." (p. 126) In spite of the refusal of the Secretary of State for Defense, founded on American law, to deliver to Israel, during its offensive in Lebanon, fragmentation bombs (a weapon used against civilians), the Israelis get them from Reagan and use them on two occasions in Beirut to massacre the population. (p. 143)
In 1973 the American admiral Thomas Moorer (head of combined military H.Q.) testifies: The Israeli military attache in Washington, Mordecai Gur (future commander-in-chief of the Israeli forces), asks for planes armed with a very sophisticated missile (called "Maverick") from the U.S.. Admiral Moorer remembers that he said to Gur:"I cannot deliver these planes to you. We only have one squadron. And we swore to congress that we needed them." Gur said to me, "Give us the planes. As for Congress, I'll take care of it." That's how", the Admiral adds, "the only squadron equipped with Mavericks went to Israel." (p. 161)
On 8 June 1967 the Israeli air force and navy bombard the American ship "Liberty" (equipped with very sophisticated detectors) to prevent it from detecting their invasion plans for the Golan. 34 sailors are killed and 171 wounded. The ship is overflown for 6 hours and bombarded for 70 minutes. The Israeli government excuses itself for this "error" and the matter is closed. It is only in 1980 that one of the eyewitnesses, Ennes, an officer on the bridge of the Liberty, can establish the truth, destroying the "official" version of the "error", ratified by the "commission of enquiry" at the time, chaired by Admiral Isaac Kid. Ennes proves that the attack was deliberate and that it was a question of murder. Admiral Thomas Moorer, while Ennes' book was smothered by the Zionist "lobby", explains why this crime was kept quiet: "President Johnson feared the reaction of the Jewish electorate..." . The Admiral adds: "The American people would go crazy if they knew what had happened." (p. 179)
In 1980 Adlai Stevenson, having sponsored an amendment demanding a reduction of 10% in military aid to Israel in order to force them to stop setting up colonies in the occupied territories, reminded us that 43% of American aid went to Israel (3 million inhabitants) for its arms, to the detriment of 3 billion people starving in the world.
Adlai Stevenson concluded,"The Prime Minister of Israel has a lot more influence over U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East than he has in his own country." (p. 92)
Any thing goes for the Zionist lobby: from financial pressure to blackmail, from boycotting the media and publishers to death threats.
Paul Findley concludes: "Whoever criticizes Israeli policy can expect painful and incessant reprisals and even the loss of his means of existence by the pressure of the Israeli "lobby". The President is afraid of it. Congress gives in to all its demands. The most prestigious universities see to it that in their programs there is nothing which opposes it. The media giants and the military chiefs give in to its pressure." (p. 315)
Source: Hearings, Part 9, 23 May, 1963
2 - The Israeli-Zionist Lobby in France
"There is in France a powerful pro-Israeli lobby exercising its influence especially in the domain of information."
(General De Gaulle)
Source: Philippe Alexandre. "Le préjugé pro-israélien", "Le Parisien Libéré", 29 February, 1988
In France, General De Gaulle was the only one to dare to say: "that there was in France a powerful pro-Israeli lobby exercising its influence especially in the domain of information. This affirmation. at the time, caused an uproar. However, it contains an element of truth which is still relevant today."
Source: Philippe Alexandre. "Le préjugé pro-israélien", "Le Parisien Libéré", 29 February, 1988
Since then there hasn't been a single candidate for the Presidency of the French Republic, whatever his party, from Michel Rocard to Jacques Chirac, by way of Mitterand, who hasn't gone to Israel to get the media investiture.
The media power of the lobby, the controlling center of which is constituted by the "LICRA" (League against racism and anti-semitism), is such that it can freely manipulate opinion. Although the Jewish community constitutes about 2% of the French population, zionism reigns over the majority of decision makers in the media, on television and radio, in the press, weeklies or dailies, the cinema (especially with the Hollywood invasion) and even publishing is in their hands (by the reading committees where they can impose their veto) as is advertising, financial regent of the media.
The proof is the general alignment of the media where it's a case of reversing, in Israel's favor, the nature of events: The violence of the weak is called "terrorism" and the violence of the strong is called "fight against terrorism".
An invalid jew is thrown overboard from the "Achille Lauro" by a P.L.O. renegade. It is, incontestably, terrorism. But when, by way of reprisal, an Israeli bombardment of Tunis causes 50 deaths, including several children, this is called "fight against terrorism", defense of "law and order".
As if under the baton of a clandestine conductor, we hear the same music in all the media, whether it is attacks on the synagogue of rue Copernic or the desecration of the graveyard at Carpentras, the invasion of Lebanon or the destruction of Iraq.
I can contribute my personal testimony: Until 1982 I had free access to the biggest publishing houses, T.V., radio and press.
At the time of the invasion of, and massacres in, Lebanon I got the publication of a full page (paid) in "Le Monde", 17 June 1982, from the Director, Jacques Fauvet, where, with Father Michel Lelong and Pastor Matthiot, we drew a conclusion "after the massacres in Lebanon" about "the meaning of Israeli aggressions".
We showed that it wasn't a momentary lapse but the internal logic of political zionism on which the State of Israel is founded.
I received, by anonymous letters and by phone calls, nine death threats.
L.I.C.R.A. instituted proceedings against us for "anti-semitism and provocation of racial discrimination".
Jacques Fauvet's lawyer reiterated that one cannot confuse the Jewish community, and even less, its faith, with the State of Israel, the exactions of which in Lebanon were denounced by Jewish people of great standing such as Mendes France and Nahum Goldman.
Our defense (Father Lelong's, Pastor Matthiot's and mine) comes from the text itself: we reiterate what our lives owe to the faith of the Jewish prophets.
But political zionism has replaced the God of Israel with the State of Israel.
Its behavior, in Lebanon and in Palestine, by creating odious hodge-podges, dishonors judaism in the eyes of the world. Our fight against political zionism is, therefore, inseparable from our fight against anti-semitism.
For my part, I reiterated, in front of the court, the analyses of my study on "La Palestine, terre des messages divins": Political zionism, founded by Theodor Herzl (and condemned at the time by every rabbi in the world as a betrayal of the Jewish faith), flows, not from the Jewish faith but from l9th century European colonialism and nationalism.
The last vestiges of colonialism by settlement, in Palestine like in South Africa, come up against, by their racism (officially denounced by the U.N.), the resistance of the native inhabitants to the colonial occupier.
As with any colonialism and any regime of occupation (we experienced it in France under Hitler), repression is called "maintenance of order" and resistance is called "terrorism".
Listening to the judge of the L.I.C.R.A. trying to portray me as an anti semite, I could see myself in Jerusalem, at the Wailing Wall accompanied by the Israeli minister Barzilai in 1970, and then in Nahum Goldmann's house (at the time president of the World Jewish Congress), in 1967.
I see myself at the concentration camp with my friend Bernard Lacache (founder of the L.I.C.R.A.), who was helping me to prepare my classes to our comrades, deported like us, on "Les Prophètes d'Israël."
The almost total domination of the French and American media by Israeli zionism imposes on the world this subversion of meaning: An Israeli diplomat is attacked in London (Mrs. Thatcher herself proves, in the House of Commons, that the author of the attack wasn't from the P.L.O.), it's "terrorism". The Israeli army invades Lebanon and cause thousands of deaths: the operation is called "Peace in Galilee"!
On 1 January 1989 I hear of the toll of the "revolt of stones" on the television: 327 killed on the Palestinian side (mostly children, throwing stones) and 8 on the Israeli side (mostly soldiers, firing bullets). The same day an Israeli minister declares: "Negotiation will only be possible when the Palestinians renounce violence." Is it me who is dreaming? Or is this anaesthesia of the critical spirit a collective nightmare?: the triumph of nonsense!
As early as 1969 General de Gaulle was denouncing the "excessive influence" of the Zionist lobby in all the media: From the press to television, from cinema to publishing. Today this "excessive influence" has succeeded in effecting a total inversion of meaning, calling the artisan resistance of the poor "terrorism" and the infinitely more murderous violence of the strong "fight against terrorism".
We were wrong, Father Lelong, Pastor Matthiot and myself, to denounce the lie of this subversion of meaning. The 'High Court' in Paris, in it's ruling of 24 March 1983"considering that it was a case of legitimate criticism of the policy of a state and of the ideology which inspires it, and not of racial provocation... "Nonsuits the L.I.C.R.A. of all its requests and orders it to pay costs".
The L.I.C.R.A. appeals the decision. On 11 January 1984, the "Haute Chambre" of the Court of Paris pronounced its judgement.
The appeal court quotes a passage of our article where we accuse the State of Israel of racism.
The court "considering that the opinion given by the signatories only concerns the restrictive definition of judaism held by Israeli legislation... confirms the referred judgement where it nonsuited the L.I.C.R.A. of its requests and orders the L.I.C.R.A. to pay costs".
The L.I.C.R.A. goes to the Court of Appeal. The ruling of the Appeal Court of 4 November 1987 destroys the hope of the zionists of legally dishonoring us : The Court "rejects the appeal and orders the plaintiff to pay costs".
The smothering operation continues above the legal domain. The Zionist lobby has the means. If we had been found guilty, we would have had the right to appear on the front page of every paper to be pilloried as anti semites. However, the L.I.C.R.A.'s condemnation by the courts was systematically hushed up - even 'Le Monde', whose former director, Fauvet, is involved with us in this fight, contented itself with a bland statement.
However, the blockade I had been hoping for was realized masterfully. At the time of the appearance of the page in "Le Monde" on the logic of Zionist colonialism, I added two lines asking the readers to make contributions to pay for the cost of the advertisement. This had cost five million centimes. I received seven, in hundreds of small checks. Almost a third of the donors were Jews, two of them rabbis.
But, from this point, the media asphyxiation begins: no more access to television, my articles refused. I had published forty books in all the great publishing houses, from Gallimard to Seuil, from Plon to Grasset and Laffont. They had been translated into twenty-seven languages. From now on, all the big doors are closed: One of my biggest publishers is heard to say to his adviser: "If you publish a book by Garaudy, you will no longer have the right to translate American works." To have accepted me would have brought the firm down. Another "big wheel", about another work, said to his literary director (who, impassioned by the book, worked for three months to help me to finish it): "I don't want any Garaudy in the house."
Such is the story of the walling up of a man.
Our networks of resistance to nonsense are condemned to secrecy. And myself to literary death. For the crime of hoping.
This is just one example, on which I can personally testify, of the "inversion of meaning" of zionism.
We could give many more examples but every day we all witness it: It is the very meaning of Hitler's crime against all humanity which is perverted by Zionist propaganda, which reduces this crime against humanity to a vast pogrom of which only the Jews were victim.
* * *
A further step will be taken when these ukases are imposed by law, turning the magistrates into judges of historical truth in spite of prior laws on the liberty of the press.
The crime of opinion is henceforth on the statute books thanks to the Fabius law (no. 43), (the so-called "Gayssot Law", after the communist deputy who accepted to sponsor this wicked law), in May 1990.
It consists of inserting into the law on the freedom of the press of 1881, article 24b, saying:
"They will be punished according to the sixth paragraph of article 24, those who contest... the existence of one or several crimes against humanity, as defined by article 6 of the statute of the International Military Tribunal annexed to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945."
Source: Proposition for adoption by the National Assembly, transmitted by the President of the National Assembly to the President of the Senate, no. 278, an annex to the minutes of the sitting of 3 May 1990.
Mr. Aseni's (deputy) report stipulated (p. 21) : "You are asked to create a new means of incrimination regarding 'revisionism'".
Furthermore, it recommended "enhancing the possibility for associations to legally pursue in the case of infraction." (article 7)
At the moment of its introduction the reporter defined the goal: "To complete the existing repressive arsenal, to see to it that the criminal law... fully plays its role of intimidation and repression." (p.5)
Source: Report no. 1296, annex to the minutes of the sitting of 26 April 1990
The Nuremberg Trials, as we have shown, deserve less than any other to make jurisprudence.
A year later an amendment to the law was proposed by Mr. Toubon:
"Article 24b of the law of 29 July 1981 on press freedom is repealed." This canceled the repression proposed by Mr. Gayssot against "revisionist" historians", and refused to put historical criticism in the same camp as racism or Hitler's apologists.
His argument went as follows:
"When we discussed it in 1990, on the basis of a bill proposed by the communist group, of which the first signatory was Mr. Gayssot, I had challenged - and I wasn't the only one - the principle of this text, which consists of fixing historical truth by means of the law instead of letting history reveal it.
Certain people object that if it is history which reveals the truth, it is not up to the law to impose it. Certain proposals go to far and they must not be allowed to be expressed. This would be to slip imperceptibly towards making politics a crime and opinion a crime
Article 24b represents in my opinion, a very grave political and legal error. In reality, it constitutes a "law of circumstance", and this saddens me greatly. A year has passed. We are not a month away from the events of Carpentras. There is no need to examine a text which the 'Presidents' Conference' had, I remember, hastily registered on the day's agenda, 48 hours after its deposition, and which had been discussed immediately because the President of the Assembly, Mr. Fabius, had decided to subscribe himself. One year later, we can, as I have just done, calmly examine the validity of this law, the validity of this offence of 'revisionism' presented by Article 24b and conclude, with Simone Veil, that this offence is ill-timed."
Source: 'Journal Officiel", of 22 June 1991, p. 3571, Parliamentary Debates, 2nd sitting of 21 June 1991
In effect, it was forbidden, from then on, for any historian to question the conclusions of the Nuremberg Trials which the American President had, nevertheless, sincerely recognized to be "the last act of the war" and as such"wasn't bound to the legal rules of ordinary courts on matters of proof or conviction."
* * *
Hot on the heels of this wicked law, Jacques Chirac's declaration of Sunday 17 July 1995 marks an important moment in our history: That of the end of the unity of the nation, replaced by the collusion of renunciation. When the President of the Republic proclaims that"the criminal madness of the occupier was seconded by the French and by the French State [two crimes are committed against France].
* First, by talking of Vichy as a 'French State', thereby giving it legitimacy ;
* Next, by degrading the French people by confusing them with the servile leaders who served the occupier. And so in this way was rendered official the conception of zionism defended by Bernard-Henri Levy in his book,"L'Idéologie Francaise", where he writes: "It's the whole of French culture... it is our most cherished French traditions which, one by one, testify to our long history of abjection."
Source: Bernard-Henri Levy, "L'Idéologie Francaise", where he writes: "The icing on the cake was that the ceremony was presided over by the Chief Rabbi of France, Sitruk, who, on 8 July 1990, declared to Yitzhak Shamir in Israel (the very man who offered his services to Hitler and whose policy, that of the State of Israel which he presided over, hasn't stopped violating international law and takes no notice of decisions of the U.N.O.): "Every French Jew is a representative of Israel... Rest assured that every Jew in France is a defender of that which you defend."
"Without, however", he said on his return, "thinking of a 'double allegiance'."
Source: "Le Monde", 9 July, 1990
Such remarks to Shamir (who offered his collaboration to Hitler) would have rightly earned him his place among the penitents rather than the presidents.
Of course, this smearing of the French people was greeted with enthusiasm by the leaders of the C.R.I.F. (Representative council of Jewish Institutions in France) who expressed their "intense satisfaction to see the continuity of the "État Francais" between 1940 and 1944 at last recognized by the highest French authority."
The shame is that the leaders of all the French parties approved this denial of Chirac's in all the public organs, from "Le Figaro" to "L'Humanité."
De Gaulle never considered Vichy to be a state. "Hitler", he said, "created Vichy" (Memoirs I, p. 389) and he talked of the "stooges of Vichy" (idem. p. 130).
"I proclaimed the illegitimacy of a regime which was at the discretion of the enemy" (I, p. 107)."A truly French government doesn't exist." (I, p. 388, Brazzaville).
Referring to the agreement of 28 March 1940 with Britain, excluding any suspension of separate arms (I, p. 74), he said clearly: "The organ located at Vichy, and which claims to carry this name (State), is unconstitutional and is subjected to the invader... This organ is only, and can only be, an instrument used by the enemies of France." (I, p. 342)
De Gaulle stuck to this attitude for the whole war. On 23 September 1941, in the order creating the "Comité National Francais" he proclaimed:
"Given our orders of 27 October and of 12 November 1940, together with our organic declaration of 16 November 1940 ;
Considering that the situation resulting from the state of war continues to prevent any reunion or free expression of national representation ;
Considering that the Constitution and the laws of the French Republic have been, and are still being, violated over the whole metropolitan area and in the Empire, as much by the action of the enemy as by the usurpation of the authorities which collaborate with it ;
Considering that many instances of proof establish that the massive majority of the French Nation, far from accepting a regime imposed by violence and treason, sees in the authority of "Free France" the expression of its wishes and free will..."
Source: "Memoires", I p. 394
He thus dissociated the French People from the servility of its leaders.
"The condemnation of Vichy in the person of its leaders dissociated France from a policy which was one of national renunciation." (III, p. 301)
Evoking the uprising of the people of Paris, he wrote :
"Nobody could ignore, neither in our enemy's camp nor in our own, that four years of oppression hadn't been able to grind down the soul of the capital, that the treason was only the vile scum on the surface of a body which had remained healthy, that the streets, houses, factories, workshops, offices and building sites of Paris had seen the heroic acts of the Resistance in the gun battles, torture, imprisonment."
Source: III, p. 442
"Even in the worst moments, our people never gave up." (III, p. 494)
That is what Chirac, in a few words, denied in order to pander to the media power of the Zionist leaders and , by the same token, the vassalage vis-a-vis the U.S. stronghold of the Zionist lobby, which had already made him abandon his opposition to Maestricht, ruin of France, and confirm his submission to the American dictates of G.A.T.T. (rebaptized "World Trade Organization") destroying the possibility of independence and of a renewal of France by the radical transformation of its relationship with the Third World.
* * *
Zionism has always agitated the "bogeyman" of anti-semitism to have us believe in a permanent threat against Israel and in the necessity of running to its aid. There is no shortage of recent provocations destined to hide Israel's exactions. The method is always the same. At the time of the massacres of Sabra and Chatila, the writer Tahar Ben Jelloun wrote:
"There are coincidences which, by virtue of repeating themselves, end up becoming a major clue. At the present time we know what purpose an anti-semitic attack in Europe serves, and who benefits from the crime: It serves to mask a deliberate massacre of Lebanese and Palestinian civilians.
One can remark that these attacks preceded, followed or coincided with a blood bath in Beirut. These terrorist operations are mounted in such a way and executed with such perfection that they have, until now, directly or indirectly met the political objective: To divert attention every time the Palestinian question gains a little more understanding or even sympathy. Is this not a case of systematically turning the situation upside down in order to turn the victims into torturers and terrorists? By turning the Palestinians into terrorists, they are expelled from history and, consequently, deprived of their rights.
Didn't the killing of rue des Rosiers on 9 August precede by a few hours the deluge of all sorts of bombs on Beirut ?
Wasn't the assassination of Bashir Gemayel followed, two hours later, by the entry into West Beirut of the Israeli army (which, in the same way, eclipsed Yasser Arafat's historic meeting with the Pope) ?
Didn't the explosion of the booby-trapped car in rue Cardinet and the gun battle the following day coincide with the unprecedented massacre in the Palestinian camps of Sabra and Chatila ?"
Source: "Le Monde" Wednesday 22 September 1982. p. 2
There are historical precedents from which we should learn lessons: a systematic effort to shape opinion by saturating it with "information" of ethnocentric inspiration fans antisemitism.
"In Berlin the theater, journalism, etc... was a Jewish business. The "Berliner Tageblatt" was the biggest German newspaper and, after it, the "Vosiche Zeitung". The first belonged to Mese, the second to Ulstein, both of them Jews. The director of "Worwartz", the main socio-democrat paper, was a Jew. When the Germans accused the press of being Jewish - "juden press" - it was the pure truth."
Source: Y. Leibowitz: "Israel et Judaisme", Desclée de Brouwer, 1993, p.
113 (chapter on the sources of anti-semitism.)
The most recent example of these maneuvers and their media exploitation is that of Carpentras.
In May 1990 in the Jewish cemetery of Carpentras, tombs were desecrated. A corpse was impaled and transported onto another tomb.
The Minister of the Interior, Pierre Joxe, declared immediately: "There is no need for a police enquiry to know what criminals are guilty of this 'racist abomination'." And yet, five years later, despite the involvement of dozens of investigators, judicial or police, nobody can say for sure who the perpetrators of this vile deed are.
All that we know is that there was desecration in the Jewish cemetery, that there was a "stating", because the body of Mr. Germon hadn't been impaled, as the enquirers admitted a few days later. So, one might wonder by whom? Why? In whose interest was this "staging" to increase the horror of the event and to stir up the hatred of public opinion?
The method was practiced at Timisoara where corpses were taken out of the morgue so that photographs sent all over the world might provoke more indignation and hatred against so-called massive massacres.
Jean-Marie Domenach (former director of the magazine "Esprit") wrote in "Le Monde" of Wednesday 31 October 1990, under the heading "Silence on Carpentras": "It is almost six months since the desecration of the Jewish cemetery of Carpentras... Six months later we still don't know who the criminals are. There is something more disturbing: the written and audiovisual media, who had made from this abominable event a scandal which brought hundreds of thousands of protesters onto the streets and tarnished France's reputation abroad, have not sought to pursue the enquiry and have fallen silent. No parliamentarian, no moral or intellectual authority dares to question the government. Carpentras seems to be definitively part of the black legend of the nation without our knowing the guilty and without our knowing exactly what happened. Nobody yet can, or dares, speak the truth about Carpentras."
The strange "silence on Carpentras", denounced by Jean-Marie Domenach, contrasts with the racket made by the media in the early days.
At the time of the organized demonstration of 14 May 1990, 80,000 people, according to the police, (200,000 according to the organizers) had marched in the streets of Paris. The great bell of Notre Dame was rung in their honor.
In reality, nobody knew who the authors of the terrible act of Carpentras were. So whom were they protesting against ?
Against whom? Only the enquiry could have told us but it didn't.
But who gains ?
It was obvious: the flag of Israel stood out in all its splendor at the head of the demonstration.
This strange "Union Nationale" during this demonstration where Georges Marchais ostentatiously shook the hand of Francois Leotard, set the stage for the launching of a global attack against anyone who questioned the dogmas which put Israel above any international law. Chief Rabbi Sitruk, who gave a short speech defining the meaning of the demonstration, was able to shout: "Let's not allow any old thing to be said. Let's give a lesson to the "revisionist" professors and the irresponsible politicians."
Source : Le "Méridional". Monday, 14 May, 1990
However the truth about the desecration of Carpentras still hasn't been established because of all the leads suggested to the investigators, only one has been ignored, the one which is the most likely.
Why were those who could have been the most necessary witnesses ordered to be quiet ?
"The caretaker of the Carpentras synagogue and keyholder for the cemetery, Mr. Kouhana, who had been one of the first to discover the body of Felix Germon, refuses to talk to us : "Even if you were the Prefect, I got the order to say nothing. the President of the Consistory forbade him to talk "because he would have said any old thing to the T.V. people", argues Dr. Freddym Haddad, himself very reticent to talk about the desecration, as is Rabbi Amar."
Source: "Var Matin" magazine, Monday 15 April 1995, an article by reporters Michel Letereux and Michel Brault
Why did the Carpentras Rabbi, who was asked if the place would be resanctified, reply :"It is not my resort !", the President of the Consistory :"There's no reason it should be !" and the Mayor :"No one has asked me." Why didn't any French newspaper refer to a totally similar precedent - that of a "desecration" which happened in the Israeli cemetery of Rishon Letzion near Tel Aviv during the night of 2 March 1984: the body of a woman had been dug up and thrown out of the Jewish cemetery. "Barbaric anti-semitic act" proclaimed Jewish communities around the world immediately. A few days later the Israeli police, after an enquiry, revealed the true meaning of this abjection: The body which had been so shamefully treated was Mrs. Teresa Engelowicz's, the wife of a jew but of christian origin. The Jewish fundamentalists considered her presence in the Jewish cemetery contaminated the purity of the place and the rabbi of Rishon Letzion had already called for her exhumation.
Why did no French newspaper point out this parallel? Mr. Germon, whose body had also been exhumed during the night and subjected to the sinister "staging" of the impaling, was also "guilty" of having married a christian, and his body was transported onto a neighboring tomb, that of Mrs. Emma Ullma, "guilty", too, of having married a catholic. Why did nobody remind us that in Israel, in order to convince that before Israel Palestine was a "desert", hundreds of villages were razed by bulldozers - their houses, their walls, their cemeteries and their tombs.
Source: Israel Shahak, "Le racisme et l'État d'Israel", p. 152 and after.
The day after the "Day of Democracy" in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jewish students put the real question:
" Why do you not protest when you know that Agron Street in Jerusalem and the Hilton Hotel in Tel Aviv are constructed on destroyed muslim cemeteries ?"
Source: "Students of The Israeli Socialist Organization (Matzpen)", P.O.B. 2234, Jerusalem
3 - The myth of the "Miracle of Israel": The External Financing of Israel.
"The power of the Jewish fist comes from the American steel glove which
covers it and the dollars which line it."
Source: Yeshavahou Leibowitz in "Judaism and Israel", p. 253
As far as the sums paid to the State of Israel by Germany are concerned, I'll let Nahum Goldmann (the principal negotiator on the amount of reparations) speak. He gives the details in his "autobiography" which he kindly signed for me on 23 April 1971 to thank me for the work which I had carried out, at his request, two years earlier, with Nasser after the "SIX DAY WAR".
"At the beginning of 1951 Israel entered the stage for the first time, sending two notes to the four allies in which the Jewish claim for compensation from the new Germany came to the sum of a billion and a half dollars of which one half should be paid by West Germany and the other by East Germany. This total was based on the following calculation :
Israel had taken in 500,000 Jews and the economic reintegration of a refugee cost about 3,000 dollars. Having saved these victims from the nazis, having personally assumed an enormous financial burden, Israel considered itself within its rights to make these demands in the name of the Jewish people, albeit without a legal basis, as the Jewish State didn't exist under the nazi regime." (p. 262)
It is in these circumstances that the Israeli Minister for Foreign Affairs contacted me, during the summer of 1951, as President of the "Jewish Agency for Palestine" and asked me to invite to a conference the big Jewish organizations of the U.S., of the countries of the British Commonwealth and of France, in order to support the Israeli claims and to find a way to have them accepted. (p. 263)
The negotiation which we had in mind would have to be of a very special nature. They had no legal basis whatsoever. (p. 268)
With a lot of courage and magnanimity the Federal Chancellor had accepted the sum of a billion dollars as starting point for the discussion but l knew that a group hostile to such a huge bill had already formed within the government, among the leaders of the political parties and in the world of banking and industry. It was repeated to me from very different quarters that it was useless to count on a sum even close to this.
In the first phase of negotiations between the Germans and the delegation of the Claims Conference a general agreement is reached on the matter of reparations and the legislation regulating it. We put off until another phase the issue of the global claim coming to five hundred million marks.
After long conversations, this series of meeting ended with the agreement of the German delegation which undertook to recommend to the government an Israeli claim of three billion marks (25% less than what we had asked for). (p. 272)
I had to return to Bonn on 3 July where I made the following concession: 10% of the five hundred million would be destined for the non-jewish victims of the nazis and distributed by the German government itself. (p. 282)
The agreement was signed on 10 September 1952 in Luxembourg: The Chancellor represented Germany, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Israel, and myself, the 'Claims Conference'. (p. 283)
The German payments have been a decisive factor in Israel's economic boom over the last few years. I don't know what the fate of Israel would have been at certain critical moments in its economic development if Germany hadn't respected its undertaking. The railroads, the telephones, the infrastructure of the ports, the irrigation systems, whole sectors of industry and agriculture wouldn't be in their current state without the German reparations. Finally, hundreds of thousands of Jewish victims of the nazis have received, over the last few years, significant amounts under the indemnity law. (p. 286)
When, on the morning of my arrival, I went to the house of the Israeli Prime Minister, David Ben Gurion, he came to me solemnly: 'You and I have had the pleasure of experiencing two miracles: The creation of the State of Israel and the signing of the agreement with Germany. I was responsible for the first and you for the second'. (p. 284)
Source: Nahum Goldmann, "Autobiographie", Pub. Fayard, Paris 1969
In another one of his books, "The Jewish Paradox", Nahum Goldmann talks not only about his negotiations with Germany but also how he got reparations from Austria and from Chancellor Raab. He said to the Chancellor : "You must pay reparations to the Jews !"
"But we were victims of the Germans !" said Raab.
And Goldmann replied : "In that case, I'll hire out the biggest cinema in Vienna and every day I'll show the film of the German troops and Hitler entering Vienna in March 1938."
Raab then said : "All right, you'll get your money !"
It was in the order of 30 million dollars. After a while Goldmann came back: "We need another 30 million !"
"But," said Raab, "we agreed on just 30 million."
"Now, you have to give more !", said Goldmann and he got it. He came back
a third time and got the same amount. (31.8507)
There were two other sources of financing of what some people call "the Israeli miracle" in the economic field and also of the enormous arsenal (including nuclear) of the State of Israel, which renders laughable the image so often used of a little David with his catapult facing the giant Goliath. In modern warfare strength is not measured in the number of soldiers mobilized but in the technical equipment of the army. Israel's, thanks to the flow of capital into the country, has an attack capability infinitely superior to that of all the Arab states together.
Apart from the "reparations", Israel benefits from an almost unlimited supply of arms and money coming, principally, from the U.S., where its all powerful lobby has shown itself to be particularly efficient, and also from the "diaspora".
Mr. Pinhas Sapir, at the time Minister for Finance, revealed in 1967 in Jerusalem at the "Conference of Jewish Billionaires" (sic) that from 1949 to 1966 the State of Israel received 7 billion dollars.
Source: "The Israeli Economist", September 1967, vol. 9
Doctor Yaakov Herzog, Director-General of the Israeli Prime Minister's cabinet, defined as follows the goal of these meetings: "To examine how to attract greater investment to Israel and to closely associate Jewish holders of capital resident abroad with the Israeli economy in such a way that they have an immediate feeling of responsibility and participation... We are now planning something else: a sort of dialogue on a grand scale on the identification of the Diaspora with Israel, in the framework of the struggle against assimilation abroad."
The operation proved to be lucrative as American Jewish organizations sent, on average, a billion dollars each year to Israel. (These contributions, regarded as "charitable", are deductible from the income tax returns of the donor, in other words, they cost American taxpayers even if they go to support the Israeli "war effort".)
But the greatest share comes directly from the American State, whose "aid" amounts to more than three billion dollars each year. Almost half of this "official" aid consists of gifts and "loans" which are quickly "forgotten"... The rest is added onto the Israeli foreign debt, which is growing rapidly and is now approaching twenty billion dollars - that's to say, an unprecedented average of five thousand dollars per head of population.
The main part of this annual aid is made up of arms deliveries for which Congress, anxious to limit their dramatic nature and to avoid public criticism, organized a special means of finance through its Arms Export Control Act of 1976.
To measure the significance of these figures of external financial aid, we need only remember that the aid of the Marshall Plan, given out from 1948 to 1954 to western Europe, reached thirteen billion dollars. In other words, the State of Israel received for fewer than two million inhabitants, more than half of what two hundred million Europeans received. That means one hundred times more, per head of population, than the Europeans.
Second element for comparison: The average annual aid received by the "underdeveloped countries" for the period 1951 - 1959 didn't exceed 3.164 billion dollars while Israel with, at the time, 1.7 million inhabitants, received 400 million, in other words, with less than a thousandth of the population of the "underdeveloped" countries of the world, Israel received a tenth of the total. Two million Israelis received, per head of population, one hundred times more than two billion inhabitants of the third world.
If we take only the American contribution into account, we see that between 1945 and 1967, the United States gave 435 dollars to each Israeli and 36 dollars to each Arab, in other words that 2.5% of the population gets 30% of the aid attributed to the remaining 97.5%.
Source: Drawn from UN statistics published in "Le courant international des capitaux a long terme et les donations publiques" (1951-1959). Quoted by Georges Corm in "Les finances d'Israel" (IPS,1968)
But the financing methods of the State of Israel are even more ambitious still: they tend to create, in favor of that State, a world financial network whose investments they orientate (On the occasion, in 1967, of the first "Conference of Jewish billionaires").
A recent doctor's thesis, presented at Paris II University by Jacques Bendelac, published under the title of "Les fonds extérieurs d'Israël" [examines different aspects of Israeli finances with precise information from impeccable sources].
Source : Jacques Bendélac : "Les fonds extérieurs d'Israël", Ed. "Economica". Paris, 1982
The author chiefly studies the relations between the contributions of the Diaspora and the direct aid of the American government.
This is how he defines these relations: "If the Diaspora was, until recently (the 70s), the main supplier of Israeli capital, the present tendency indicates that American government aid (about 2 billion dollars per year) largely outstrips the financial contributions of the Diaspora (about 900 million dollars per year)."
Thus, for the tax year of 1980, the sale of one billion dollars in armament was authorized to Israel. But, immediately after these deliveries, half the sum five hundred million in the form of loans - was wiped out...and the remainder simply added to Israel's debt towards the American government...A debt with a delay for reimbursement of over ten years. Furthermore, taking into account the constant worsening of Israel's economic situation since 1973, these reimbursements are fictitious insofar as the payments are immediately compensated by an increase in U.S. Yearly aid.
Source: T.Stauffer. Christian Science Monitor, December 20th 1981
Already, at the time of the 1956 Israeli aggression against Egypt, the American aid in weapons was huge; the Zionist, Michel Bar Zohar, wrote: "From the month of June on, enormous quantities of weapons began to flow into Israel as a result of a top-secret agreement, and these deliveries would not be known about either in Washington or at the Anglo-Franco American organization in charge of watching over the balance of power in the Middle East, or by the Quai d'Orsay, jealously opposed to a rapprochement with Israel, regarded as too risky, which would compromise France's remaining links with its Arab clientele".
Source: Michel Bar Zohar: "Ben Gourion, le Prophète armé", Ed. Fayard, Paris,1966, chapter 27.
A second financial source comes from the Israeli State Bonds, in dollars, that are sold abroad but are refunded in Israeli currency, as are the interests.
These bonds (of which 99.8% were sold in the United States in 1951, and still 80% in 1978) have placed more than 5 billion dollars at the disposition of the Israeli economy.
Source: State of Israel Bonds, Jerusalem-New York, American.Jewish yearbook 1972, p. 273 ; 1978, p. 205 ; 1980, p. 153
Between "gifts" and "bonds", the Zionist State received almost eleven and a half billion dollars between 1948 and 1982.
Source: Statistical abstract of Israel (annual) and Bank of Israel, Annual Reports
Such efficiency implies what Mr. Bendelac calls the"collusion between power and the world of finance" in the Zionist movement. He gives a striking illustration for 1982 :
"Guy de Rothschild is president of the Unified Social Fund and the AUJF ;
David is treasurer of the FSJU and French member of the Administrative Council of the Jewish Agency;
Alain has been president of the Representative Council of Jewish Institutions of France and of the Israeli Central Consistory;
Elie is president of the executive Committee of the AUIF ;
Edmond is president of the European Organization of Israel Bonds ;
Finally, Alix de Rothschild was world president of the "Youth "Aliya"."
Source: Bendelac, op.cit.p.76.
But dependence on the American government has been even greater, especially since the 70s.
"At the time of the Six-Day War,the external deficit reached 700 million dollars, and exceeded one billion dollars at the beginning of the 70s. The financial contribution of world Judaism no longer sufficed to fulfill the needs in capital of the lsraeli economy ; it therefore became necessary to appeal to the American government for aid, which started off by supplying military credits, before extending its aid to the economic sector, after the Yom Kippur war. This contribution of capital by the American government led to a spectacular increase in Israel's foreign debt, which rose above 20 million dollars in 1982. Thus, the deterioration in the financial aid of the Diaspora since the early 70s can be analyzed in two ways regarding the economic dependence of Israel: American government aid and the weight of the foreign debt."
Source: Bendelac. Op.cit.p.79.
Since 1948, American government aid to Israel has reached almost 18 billion dollars, equally divided between loans and gifts, two thirds of which were destined for military purposes.
Source : until 1977: "Trésor, Division des échanges extérieurs" from 1978 to 1981, US Embassy (Tel Aviv)
The acceleration of this aid is breathtaking: usually inferior to 100 million dollars in 1975, and 2 billion dollars in 1981. In January 1985, the State of Israel, demanded a further 12 billion dollars over eight years.
As for the external debt, it rose from 6 billion dollars in 1973, 10 billion dollars in 1976, to 17 billions dollars by January 1st 1981, in other words a record figure of 4,350 dollars per inhabitant!
Aid increases with sub contracting deals, especially in the field of aviation (for example,Israel Aircraft Industries receives manufacturing contracts for elements for F4s and F15s).
Finally, economic aid includes facilities granted to Israeli exports to the USA, with preferential tariffs of developing countries, so that 96% of these exports (1 billion dollars) enters the USA tax-free.
In a word, only one figure is enough to define the nature of the Zionist State of Israel: the total official US aid which it receives corresponds alone to over 1,000 dollars per head, in other words as a bonus added to its national revenue, more than three times the net national income per inhabitant of Egypt or most African countries.
Professor Yeshayahou Leibowitz of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who wrote a major work on "the faith of Maimonides". (translated into French in 1992, in Paris, Editions du Cerf), and who edited the "Hebrew Encyclopedia" for twenty years, summed up the attitude of a Jew living in Palestine since 1934, whose religious Zionist faith has been outraged by political Zionism, in "Israel and Judaism", published in Hebrew at Jerusalem in 1987 :
"Our system is rotten at the core" (page 245). And this for two reasons:
1-"The misfortune comes from the fact that everything is articulated around the problem of the nation and the state." (page 182) "If the state and the nation are held to be an end in themselves, then "Judaism" is rejected since the State of Israel is the most important." (p.182) " Nationalism is the essence of the destruction of mankind." (p.182) "The State of Israel is not a state which possesses an army, but an army which possesses a state." (p.31)
2 - The dependence of this state on the United States :"here, total collapse could occur overnight: consequence of the total stupidity which makes our whole existence depend on American economic aid." (p.225) "The Americans are interested only by the idea of maintaining an army of American mercenaries here under the uniform of Tsahal." (p.226)" The strength of the Jewish fist comes from the iron glove of America which covers it,and from the dollars which cushion it." (p.253)
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HAND CRAFTED - that is the essential difference between the bowls and other ornaments made by the craftsmen at the Abercrombie River and the "commercial" alternatives you might find elsewhere
The perfect gift for overseas and other visitors, or just as beautiful ornaments for your home
Of course, we recover suitable materials from other areas of the Blue Mountains and Southern Highlands, but most of the burl comes from our own rural properties located in the area between the Abercrombie River and the Werong Creek, high in the Great Dividing Range between Oberon and Goulburn in NSW. At an altitude of around 3500 feet above sea level, the Abercrombie River is the only Western-flowing river in the state. With moderately high annual rainfall, consistently high winds,relatively poor and shallow soil, the native forests are home to a variety of Eucalyptus species that include Yellow Box, Stringybark, Scribbly gum and Southern Myrtle. It is the combination of these factors that produces large numbers of visually interesting trees. In particular, the shallow root systems of most of these species causes trees to fall without being cut-down and these are the source of many of our best burls.
The burls from the growing tree (left) will take many years to dry sufficiently, but those from the 50 year old fallen tree (right) has been down for at least 5 years and is virtually ready for cutting and shaping.
For these reasons, if you see a burl you love, but it is on a growing tree, come back in 5 years! This is the traditional process we use and is very different to the techniques used for kiln dried "manufactured" burl bowls. See our page "Our processes" for more information.
Abercrombie River Burls 2019
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Premier Daniel Andrews personally selected TNC for their volunteer-led initiative to restore oyster reefs in one of Victoria's most prized assets – Port Phillip Bay.
The project, with the help of community members, sought to restore one hectare of native oyster reef in Corio Bay and test a new reef restoration methodology to determine the most effective methods for degraded reef ecosystems.
To date, there have been six hectares of reefs restored at Port Phillip Bay. Even at this scale, the reefs provide important water filtration benefits as each oyster can filter 100L of water per day. The project aims to turn rubbish into reefs through their 'Shuck Don’t Chuck' program, with over 415 tonnes of shells recycled by wholesalers, restaurants and the South Melbourne Market.
Despite the COVID-associated hurdles, 44 volunteers from 16 different groups were involved in the project, participating in multiple online Restore the Bay sessions, aimed at educating the community about the benefits of shellfish reef restoration.
The group looks to combine efforts of government, community, and the private sector to restore reefs for the benefit of all Victorians.
South Melbourne Market have been participating in the Shuck Don't Chuck program in partnership with The Nature Conservancy since 2017.
Oyster, mussel and scallop shells are collected from the Market, cured and then used in the reef restoration project aimed at rebuilding the precious ecosystems in our local Port Phillip Bay.
Shell recycling provides a sustainable way for the Market to deal with shellfish waste while decreasing landfill, and it’s another way the Market is helping to protect our planet.
You can help us by putting your shells into the correct bins and making sure no other plastic or other contaminants go into these bins. Read more about the project HERE. | <urn:uuid:c1e06d68-bcda-4213-8374-e9559cf3f921> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.southmelbournemarket.com.au/news/premier-s-sustainability-awards | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.92651 | 366 | 2.5 | 2 |
6 Things You Need To Know Before Taking Out A Loan
Taking out a loan is easier than ever. Some lenders are willing to give you the money you need without asking for collateral, looking at your income, and even willing to negotiate repayment options.
Marketing tactics such as these are enough to lure the average person into the trap of getting external financing. Then they enter a life-long rat race to try and repay their loans because they have bitten off more than they can chew. Here are a few tips to help you stay clear of these problems and use a loan as effectively as possible.
One of the main problems people face with loans is the price of the loan itself. There are two things that you need to check in this regard. The first is the interest rate on the loan and the second is the service cost of the loan. The interest rate is relatively easy to calculate and understand. Still, it is the service fee that often takes people by surprise. Most lenders are not very transparent about the costs associated with getting their financial products. After you have bought it, you realise that it will cost more than you expected. Make sure you go through the fine print with the salesperson and understand what you will need to pay for exactly.
2. Loan Types
Before you sign up for a financial product, understand your needs and the different products available. Rather than getting a generic loan, you may be better off getting a specialised product intended for your needs. If you need financing for a home, a real estate loan will be a better option than a generic loan. Similarly, you could apply for a business investment loan if you have a business. These specialised loans give you better choices and better prices.
3. Credit Score
Your credit score plays a pivotal role in how easily you will be able to get a loan and how cheap that loan will be. Just because a loan is advertised with affordable rates doesn’t mean it will be reasonable for you. A poor credit score could make the loan more expensive because you are a riskier investment for the lender. If your credit score is holding you back from getting a good loan, your best option might be to wait until your score improves a little bit. This way, you may become eligible for other loans, and you will also get a better price on those loans.
Loan repayments include repaying the interest rate and the principal amount. They are two completely separate things, and different lenders will structure their repayment plans differently. Make sure you understand your repayment policy and select something that doesn’t have compounding interest. This will help to keep the loan cost low and make repayment as easy as possible. Make sure you are comfortable with the repayment terms before signing up.
Different lenders will offer the same kind of loan. You could get financing from a bank, a private investment company, an insurance provider, or even the government. Different lenders will have drastically different rates and conditions for a loan of the same value. If you can’t find a suitable option through banks, look into other options. Generally, you will get the most lenient terms through organisations that are backed by a local or federal government.
People tend to require loans when they need a problem solved. The thing to consider is whether the loan cost will justify the value that you will get from using that money. If the risk and the price of a loan are higher than the value you will get, it might not be such a wise decision, no matter how profitable it might seem right now. Long-term loans can last years, even decades, and things can drastically change during that time. Consider the long-term value of using that money and whether it will be worth it, considering how the cost of the loan will increase over time.
Whenever you attempt to secure a loan, make sure you have plenty of time on your hands. Lenders capitalise on the urgency customers express and in their haste, they end up making poor decisions. Give yourself a couple of months to explore the different options and shortlist good options. Moreover, consult with the various service providers and take your time to understand the loan. Just because you are discussing an option with a company doesn’t mean you have to decide right there and then. A well-thought-out decision could make your future. | <urn:uuid:fc187a27-269a-48ad-a01f-ede62449d15b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finance-monthly.com/2022/06/6-things-you-need-to-know-before-taking-out-a-loan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.967325 | 899 | 1.625 | 2 |
Module 1. Hydraulic Basics
Module 2. Hydraulic Systems
LESSON 6. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Hydraulic systems are normally based on Pascal’s law in which a liquid is moved in a closed system in such a way that it uses the laws governing liquids to transmit power and do work. This lesson describes some basic types of hydraulic circuits and the major components used there in. A sump or a tank is utilized for the purpose of oil storage. Filters,strainers and magnetic plugs condition the fluid by removing harmful impurities that could clog passages and damage parts. Accumulators are used to store energy. Heat exchangers or coolers are generally provided to keep the oil temperature within safe limits as this helps in maintaining the oil properties.
6.2 Features of Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic systems offer many advantages and some disadvantages as compared with other methods of power transmission. Some of the major advantages are:
- A hydraulic system is simple in design. In general a few standard hydraulic components replaces complicated mechanical linkages used in mechanical systems.
- The hydraulic systems are smooth and quiet in operation.
- The hydraulic components are connected with flexible pipes and hoses and therefore locating components in a setup is easier as compared to rigid mechanical elements.
- In hydraulic systems, a wide range of speed and forces can be controlled easily.
- It gives better efficiency with low friction loss which gives lower cost of power transmission.
A hydraulic system also has following disadvantages:
- Oil leakage is a fire hazard and is unsightly.
- Maintaining of the hydraulic system is costlier.
Care must be taken against rust, corrosion, dirt, oil deterioration etc.
6.3 Hydraulic Circuits
For the hydraulic fluid to do work, it must flow to the actuator, then return to a reservoir. The fluid is then filtered and re-pumped. The path taken by hydraulic fluid is called a hydraulic circuit of which there are several types. In this lesson two types of hydraulic circuits – closed centre type and open centre circuits are discussed. Closed centre circuits supply full pressure to the control valves, whether any valves are actuated or not. The pumps vary their flow rate, pumping very little hydraulic fluid until the operator actuates a valve. Open center circuits use pumps which supply a continuous flow.The flow is returned to tank through the control valve's open centre i.e. when the control valve is centred, it provides an open return path to tank and the fluid is not pumped to a high pressure.
6.4 Basic Hydraulic Closed Centre Circuit
In closed centre system circuit, the pump generally rests when the fluid is not required to operate an actuator or another device in the hydraulic circuit. This means that when the control valve is in the neutral position i.e. at the centre, the flow of the oil from the pump is altogether stopped or reduced to a minimum. The valve's spool therefore doesn't need an open centre return path to tank. A closed centre hydraulic system provides oil flow on demand, which enables simultaneous operation of many loads connected to one pump. A basic closed centre hydraulic circuit is shown in the Fig. 6.1.
Closed centre hydraulic circuits almost always use variable flow pump. When a fixed displacement pump is used an accumulator is employed which is charged to required system pressure.
6.4.1 Fixed-Displacement Pump and Accumulator System
In fixed displacement pump and accumulator system, a pump of small but constant volume charges an accumulator. When the accumulator is charged to full pressure, an unloading valve diverts the pump flow back to a reservoir. A check valve traps the pressured oil in the circuit. On operating the control valve, an accumulator discharges its oil and actuation is caused into a cylinder. As pressure starts decreasing, an unloading valve directs the pump flow to an accumulator to recharge the flow. Since this system uses a small capacity pump, therefore, it is quite effective when operating oil is needed only for a short time. However, when there is a need of oil for longer periods, an accumulator system is not very effective unless provided with very large accumulator. A closed centre hydraulic circuit with fixed displacement pump and accumulator is shown in Fig. 6.2.
6.4.2 Variable Displacement Pump System
In this system, shown in Fig. 6.3,oil is pumped until the pressure rises to required system pressure when valve is at neutral position. A pressure-regulating valve allows the pump to stop and maintain this pressure to the valve. When the control valve is operating, oil is directed from the pump to the cylinder which raises the load. This causes the pressure to drop from maximum level and the pump is restarted. When the valve moves, the top of the piston connects to a return line and it allows the oil that was forced from the piston to return to the sump. When the valve is again positioned at neutral, the oil is trapped on both sides of the cylinder and the pressure in the passage between the pump and control valve begins to rise. When the pressure rises to required system pressure,the pump stops.
6.5 Advantages of Closed Centre Circuit
Relief valve is not required as the pump stops by itself when standby pressure is reached.
The size of the flow lines, valves, and cylinders etc can be chosen as per the flow requirements in the hydraulic circuit.
Closed centre system is more efficient as compared to open centre system as the pump does not function continuously. | <urn:uuid:cdf67d4c-7654-4372-b2f3-3eb1623c8813> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1394 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.93227 | 1,196 | 3.78125 | 4 |
A Golden Anniversary to Celebrate – Levodopa and Parkinson’s disease
Over the past 50 years since it emerged for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD), levodopa has been a mainstay therapy. Also known as L-DOPA, it is the active ingredient of Sinemet® and is available as a generic drug, mixed together with carbidopa. Levodopa continues to amaze patients and physicians alike with its remarkable ability for restoring functionality. The majority of patients experience improvements even from the first doses, and these benefits never are lost. Levodopa is one of the most cost-effective medications ever developed. Even though other options are available for treating symptoms of PD, none has greater impact at improving quality of life for this disorder. Unlike many other medications, levodopa is nothing more than a simple amino acid, present in some foods and normally synthesized in the brain (although, in PD, not in sufficient quantity). The pharmacological concept behind levodopa involves replacing an important signaling chemical in the brain, dopamine, which is necessary for enabling normal movement and for preventing tremors and rigidity. Levodopa is not a cure and is far from perfect as a symptomatic treatment. Nevertheless, it is difficult today to imagine living with PD in the absence of this treatment option.
Although the pharmacological concept of levodopa as a direct precursor of dopamine seems logical, there is actually greater complexity to this drug. Levodopa has additional actions in the nervous system that are means unrelated to the generation of dopamine. Outcomes after chronic therapy with levodopa also can be puzzling, in that some patients start to experience inconsistency of benefits or involuntary movements (dyskinesias or dystonia). Not all patients experience these problems, and the risk factors for acquiring them are still poorly understood. We don’t know how to prevent dyskinesias other than by avoiding the use of levodopa altogether, which would be a bad idea considering all the benefits it can offer. There isn’t sufficient evidence to recommend a plan for holding back on adequate levodopa dosing (that is, less than the amount a patient needs for ideal relief of PD symptoms). Another long-standing controversy pertains to combining levodopa with drugs classified as dopaminergic agonists: pramipexole, ropinirole, or rotigotine. In the past, several inconclusive studies were carried out to determine if combination therapy might help to prevent the development of dyskinesias. It now seems clear that the use of dopaminergic agonists doesn’t seem to confer any improved outcomes, although these drugs can be quite useful when added to levodopa for enhancing its effects. Involuntary movements developing during chronic therapy with levodopa are sometimes more feared than they should be, since they can be quite mild (and only one-third or fewer of chronically-treated patients ever develop them). The use of amantadine can block dyskinesias for some patients, and adjusting levodopa dosing can also lessen problematic dyskinesias if they occur.
Another concern about when to start levodopa is sometimes encountered by patients trying to learn about the drug: this is the mistaken notion that levodopa has only a limited duration of action before it loses its effectiveness. Often, periods of no more than 5 years have been cited for such an outcome, but there is no evidence for this. Other misinformation about levodopa includes fears that it is potentially toxic and, therefore, should be delayed in its start and dosing minimized. Again, this widely-held but incorrect notion sometimes appears on the Internet or even in advice given by physicians. There is no substantiation for many concerns about the safety of levodopa and, hence, no reason to be fearful of using this important PD therapy. The major fault with levodopa is the short-duration of effect and inconsistency of uptake from oral administration. These problems become evident for some patients within three years after onset of this drug and are associated with frustrating experiences of “off” states, sometimes less than predictably throughout the day. Factors that interfere with regular uptake of levodopa include the influence of meals (and sometimes their protein content). Because of its rapid clearance from the bloodstream after oral dosing – for some patients, as short as 2 ½ hours – a treatment schedule with multiple daily dosings can be necessary. There is no absolute limit to the daily intake of levodopa; in its typical carbidopa-levodopa 25-100 formulation, up to 12 tablets per day might be necessary for optimal symptom control. Ideally, this medication should be adjusted to gaining maximal control of PD symptoms, and for many patients, experimentation with increased dose may be a good idea. Patients should keep in mind that levodopa doesn’t help all of the problems of PD – forward flexed posture, imbalance, “freezing of gait”, and speech impairment are examples of its limitations. Nevertheless, under-medication with levodopa is a common missed opportunity for maximizing benefit with this therapy. Longer-acting formulations of carbidopa-levodopa have been a long-term goal of improving treatment outcomes. Sinemet CR® and Stalevo® were developed for this purpose, but these products often fail to deliver extended relief with levodopa. Another controlled-delivery formulation, Rytary®, was developed to serve this need. Though effective for many patients, it sometimes presents a challenge for finding the optimal crossover from a prior immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa regimen, and the cost of its co-pay with some medication insurance plans can be substantial. Intestinal infusion of carbidopa-levodopa (Duopa®) in liquid form by pump is another option for extremely problematic motor fluctuations. This involves inserting a tube into the stomach through the abdomen, and so is reserved for the most severe problems. Fortunately, the pharmaceutical industry has been active at improving ways that levodopa can be delivered. Currently under development (and in clinical trials at Henry Ford Hospital and other locations) are a long-acting formulation of carbidopa-levodopa (the Accordion Pill) and a subcutaneous infusion of carbidopa-levodopa in a liquid formulation. Also under development is an inhaled version of levodopa that can be rapidly absorbed by inhaling it as a rapid means for recovery from an “off” state. Other research into ways to deal with the irregularity of levodopa effect are ongoing. Of course, we need to understand more about how levodopa works so that the initial ideal experience most patients have with this drug (which generally is without dyskinesias or fluctuations in benefit) could be continued lifelong.
In summary, levodopa is a naturally-occurring substance that for a half-century has offered PD patients a means for return from the discomforts and disabilities of this disorder. For those not well controlled with this drug in its current forms, new products may make life with PD a little bit easier. Ways to lessen its possible side-effects are also the topic of ongoing research | <urn:uuid:b5c98c86-56b1-4a14-8d6d-aa9ad747356c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://parkinsonsmi.org/managing-pd/entry/a-golden-anniversary-to-celebrate-levodopa-and-parkinson-s-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.942474 | 1,477 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A safe place for those going through
Hyperemesis Gravidarum loss and TFMR for Maternal Health
Whether your loss is near or further, you are welcome here.
Grief is a long journey, and you do not have to do it alone.
What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum Loss?
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Loss is something that HG has taken from you. It is something that you have been grieving since HG has entered your life, like lost employment, finances and the distancing of relationships. HG Loss are the things you grieve that have been taken from you like your physical and mental health and sometimes irreversibly altered. HG Loss is so much more than mentioned here...It is the life we once new. HG Loss are the people we lose because of Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
What is Termination for Medical Reasons due to Maternal Health?
TFMR for Maternal Health is a heartbreaking time when one needs to use the life saving procedure of termination. This "decision" occurs and sometimes it may not even feel like a decision. This heartbreaking time is being stuck between immense tragedy and immense tragedy. Either "choice" would be life altering. Many things precious things are taken from you like your innocence, financial costs, employment time, travel expenses and sadly our babies. There is more lost than mentioned in a world we never imagined. TFMR for Maternal Health is a life where decision becomes a grey area. | <urn:uuid:125a5e2a-36e8-47af-968c-c3b5603b56e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hyperemesisgravidarumloss.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960198 | 308 | 1.625 | 2 |
GPs will be able to get direct reimbursement from NHS England for using certain new technology in patient treatment starting next year.
NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said today that the Innovation and Technology Tariff, which is already available to hospital trusts, would be expanded to primary care from April 2018.
In secondary care, the tariff currently covers six medical inventions, including an app that allows patients to manage their COPD at home.
A license to use the COPD app costs £20 per patient, with NHS England paying for the app for 20% of the total patient population with a diagnosis of severe or very severe COPD in each CCG. But under the current system only community and secondary care clinicians are able to request a reimbursement.
Mr Stevens said at the Health and Care Innovation Expo conference that NHS England has received more than 230 applications to the programme with new devices that could be covered under the expansion of the tariff.
NHS England launched its call for applications in June, with a deadline of 8 September, and accepted applications from healthcare commissioners and providers, academics and those in the technology industry and the voluntary sector.
Mr Stevens said the tariff ‘is a very simple idea that the best innovations would get reimbursed directly to cut out the faff and the transactional hassle of getting them into mainstream clinical practice’.
He added that the tariff has been a success so far, with 25,000 patients managing their COPD from home. | <urn:uuid:f9dbb8de-355b-4f85-8875-dc4d7168f08b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/news/technology/gps-to-be-paid-to-offer-patients-digital-apps-to-manage-long-term-conditions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.957159 | 296 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Ice-cream vans are at risk of running out of Cadbury’s famous 99 Flakes as supply problems lead to a shortage of the chocolate sticks.
Despite a cold and wet start to the summer, demand for the crumbly treat used to top soft scoop ice-cream cones has increased in recent weeks with supply struggling to keep up. The 99 Flakes are half the size of Flakes sold in newsagents and supermarkets.
Only the UK and Ireland are thought to have been affected by dwindling supplies. It is unclear if supply issues are related to either Brexit or coronavirus, or how long the shortage might last.
According to the Irish Times, workers in the ice-cream industry warned they have never seen a shortage of this scale and warned supplies may be exhausted by the middle of June.
Cadbury parent Mondelez, the New York-listed multinational food group, said in a statement: “We are seeing a recent increase in demand for our Cadbury 99 Flake.
“The product is still available to order and we’re continuing to work closely with our customers”.
Mondelez, which also makes Oreo cookies and Ritz crackers, told the BBC they had not expected the level of current demand in the UK and Ireland.
The news has prompted some Twitter users to suggest alternative toppings that could be used as a substitute for the 99 Flakes. Some said it would be a good opportunity to instead use fellow Cadbury produce Freddos or Kinder Buenos, made by Italy’s Ferrero.
While many think the chocolate gets its name from the former price of the ice-cream it often complements, the real reason has been lost in time, according to Cadbury’s website.
It does, however, offer one explanation that it is named after the 99 guards who protected Italian monarchs after a company sales manager came across Italian soft ice-cream makers working in Durham.
“In the days of the monarchy in Italy the King [had] a specially chosen guard consisting of 99 men, and subsequently anything really special or first class was known as ‘99’ - and that [is] how ‘99’ Flake came by its name,” it says. | <urn:uuid:9fb4d1e2-3b0f-4914-9278-03b096978089> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2021/05/17/ice-cream-vans-hit-bycadbury-flake-shortage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968282 | 466 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Cox Virginia Public Affairs and Boys & Girls Club of Greater Washington, Fairfax County Region celebrated the grand opening of the Cox Innovation Lab at the Ox Hill unit on March 24th. These Innovation Labs help to close the digital divide by providing kids with access to the internet and resources to help them get the most out of it. Outfitted with laptop computers, furniture, virtual reality headsets, and more, this latest Cox Innovation Lab was made possible by a $20,000 James M. Cox Foundation grant.
Gathering at the club for the big reveal – in-person for the first time since 2019 – were Boys & Girls Club kids and representatives; Cox representatives; and special guest, former Super Bowl champion, author and children’s literacy advocate Malcolm Mitchell. Malcolm shared his inspiring story, encouraged kids to read and learn and commended Cox and the Boys and Girls Clubs for their commitment to youth. He even ran some plays with the kids beforehand and answered their questions and signed autographs afterward too. Other speakers included Cox Business Sales Director Aehee Park, Fairfax County Director of Neighborhood and Community Services Lloyd Tucker, and Boys & Girls Clubs of Greater Washington SVP of Operations Jim Almond. If you’re feeling left out, watch the event recording on Facebook Live. | <urn:uuid:be615d88-faac-4d25-a524-11d900c11dbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://novamemberconnector.com/uncategorized/cox-innovation-lab-at-boys-girls-club-ox-hill-grand-opening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949904 | 257 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Title 17. Education
Chapter 50. Taylor Opportunity Program for Students
Part II. Administration
17:5069 TOPS Income Fund
A. The TOPS Income Fund, hereinafter referred to as the “fund”, is hereby created within the state treasury as a special fund for the purpose of funding the Taylor Opportunity Program for Students (TOPS).
B. Any money donated to the fund or appropriated to the fund by the legislature shall be deposited in the fund. Monies in the fund shall be invested in the same manner as monies in the general fund. Interest earned on investments of monies in the fund shall be credited to the fund. Unexpended and unencumbered monies in the fund at the end of the fiscal year shall remain in the fund.
C. Monies in the fund shall be used and expended solely to provide funding for TOPS, together with any other funds available, including the TOPS Fund.
Added by Acts 2018, No. 583, § 1, eff. July 1, 2018. | <urn:uuid:3ec6d7cb-2565-405f-bba1-8768adc4ca94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://policies.bossierschools.org/Statutes/175069.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.917897 | 217 | 1.53125 | 2 |
At NACHC, we are committed to providing you the tools you need to support the health center mission. Our NACHC Library streamlines your access to our content--and showcases our evolving training offerings. Here we have assembled our training and technical assistance resources, as well as materials available from our national conferences. If you attended a live conference or national workshop, you can sign in and access recordings and other conference materials, as well as obtain your continuing education credits.
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Caring for the school-aged population is critical for community health centers, and expanding school-based health sites and services is a growth and development strategy. Health Center operators must have the ability to creatively partner with schools, school systems, educational leaders, school boards, and parents/guardians.
This month’s COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate Office Hour Are You Ready for an On-Site Survey?, will review maintaining compliance when hiring new staff, working with your board, and an overview of the enforcement and survey guidelines to prepare on for an on-site survey as we approach the final compliance deadlines. Additionally, we will discuss the opportunity to comment on OSHA’s COVID-19 Healthcare final standard, which is the permanent rule protecting health care workers in settings with potential COVID-19 exposure. | <urn:uuid:2d00c049-5978-4f30-b1b3-f902ed34678f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conferences.nachc.org/nachc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.927818 | 514 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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A North Korean defector group in Seoul claimed on Tuesday to have launched air balloons carrying medical supplies near the inter-Korean border.
The Fighters for Free North Korea, an activist group of North Korean defectors who send anti-propaganda leaflets across the border, said they flew 20 air balloons carrying 50,000 pain relief pills, 30,000 vitamin C and 20,000 N-95 masks. Dispatching unauthorized materials at the border is against the law in South Korea.
“In order to help the miserable mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters in North Korea who are dying without any medicine, the Fighters for Free North Korea is temporarily halting the anti-Pyongyang leaflet sending, and will send medical supplies to help with COVID situation in the North,” Park Sang Hak, a North Korean defector who leads the activist group, told ABC News.
The South Korean government since 2020 has banned sending leaflets across the border. Sending them carries a maximum prison term of three years or fines up to $27,400.
The non-government organization has been gathering help from human rights support groups based in Seoul and the U.S. to send medical supplies to the North since the Kim Jong Un regime acknowledged the outbreak on May 13.
North Korea remains one of the only two nations without COVID vaccines. Ever since admitting that it had its first COVID patient, the isolated regime has been announcing the number of ‘fever patients’ and COVID-related deaths through its state media daily. Lacking medical supplies to treat the pandemic, Pyongyang’s main newspaper, Roding Sinmun, advised people to use traditional remedies such as drinking willow or honeysuckle leaf tea.
“In South Korea, even animals are given medicine to treat diseases, the North Korean regime is uncivilized at the worst level,” Park told ABC News. “All we want for the families and friends in North Korea is for them to be treated with real medicine to fight COVID-19.”
An official from the Unification Ministry told ABC News that police and other authorities were working to confirm Tuesday's balloon launch.
"The ministry understands the intent of the distribution, but believe in the need [for the group] to restrain its activities considering the sensitive inter-Korean relationship and the government’s effort for cooperation in the inter-Korean disinfection, and whether [the activities] could actually help the North Korean people,” the official said.
The group claims that it’s the second time this month they have sent air balloons with medical supplies to the North, and will continue to do so. | <urn:uuid:60142e9d-08ce-4ab5-8cfd-7f16c0727333> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.yahoo.com/defectors-seoul-send-balloons-carrying-124600929.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951091 | 559 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Jesus Feeds the Five Thousand
1After this Jesus went away to the other side of the Sea of Galilee, which is the Sea of Tiberias. 2And a large crowd was following him, because they saw the signs that he was doing on the sick. 3Jesus went up on the mountain, and there he sat down with his disciples. 4Now the Passover, the feast of the Jews, was at hand. 5Lifting up his eyes, then, and seeing that a large crowd was coming toward him, Jesus said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that these people may eat?” 6He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do. 7Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii1 worth of bread would not be enough for each of them to get a little.” 8One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, said to him, 9“There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are they for so many?” 10Jesus said, “Have the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, about five thousand in number. 11Jesus then took the loaves, and when he had given thanks, he distributed them to those who were seated. So also the fish, as much as they wanted. 12And when they had eaten their fill, he told his disciples, “Gather up the leftover fragments, that nothing may be lost.” 13So they gathered them up and filled twelve baskets with fragments from the five barley loaves left by those who had eaten. 14When the people saw the sign that he had done, they said, “This is indeed the Prophet who is to come into the world!”
15Perceiving then that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, Jesus withdrew again to the mountain by himself.
Jesus Walks on Water
16When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea, 17got into a boat, and started across the sea to Capernaum. It was now dark, and Jesus had not yet come to them. 18The sea became rough because a strong wind was blowing. 19When they had rowed about three or four miles,2 they saw Jesus walking on the sea and coming near the boat, and they were frightened. 20But he said to them, “It is I; do not be afraid.” 21Then they were glad to take him into the boat, and immediately the boat was at the land to which they were going.
I Am the Bread of Life
22On the next day the crowd that remained on the other side of the sea saw that there had been only one boat there, and that Jesus had not entered the boat with his disciples, but that his disciples had gone away alone. 23Other boats from Tiberias came near the place where they had eaten the bread after the Lord had given thanks. 24So when the crowd saw that Jesus was not there, nor his disciples, they themselves got into the boats and went to Capernaum, seeking Jesus.
25When they found him on the other side of the sea, they said to him, “Rabbi, when did you come here?” 26Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you are seeking me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate your fill of the loaves. 27Do not work for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give to you. For on him God the Father has set his seal.” 28Then they said to him, “What must we do, to be doing the works of God?” 29Jesus answered them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in him whom he has sent.” 30So they said to him, “Then what sign do you do, that we may see and believe you? What work do you perform? 31Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written, ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’” 32Jesus then said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven. 33For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” 34They said to him, “Sir, give us this bread always.”
35Jesus said to them, “I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst. 36But I said to you that you have seen me and yet do not believe. 37All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out. 38For I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will but the will of him who sent me. 39And this is the will of him who sent me, that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me, but raise it up on the last day. 40For this is the will of my Father, that everyone who looks on the Son and believes in him should have eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day.”
41So the Jews grumbled about him, because he said, “I am the bread that came down from heaven.” 42They said, “Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?” 43Jesus answered them, “Do not grumble among yourselves. 44No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him. And I will raise him up on the last day. 45It is written in the Prophets, ‘And they will all be taught by God.’ Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me—46not that anyone has seen the Father except he who is from God; he has seen the Father. 47Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes has eternal life. 48I am the bread of life. 49Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. 50This is the bread that comes down from heaven, so that one may eat of it and not die. 51I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. And the bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.”
52The Jews then disputed among themselves, saying, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” 53So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. 54Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. 55For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. 56Whoever feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him. 57As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so whoever feeds on me, he also will live because of me. 58This is the bread that came down from heaven, not like the bread3 the fathers ate, and died. Whoever feeds on this bread will live forever.” 59Jesus4 said these things in the synagogue, as he taught at Capernaum.
The Words of Eternal Life
60When many of his disciples heard it, they said, “This is a hard saying; who can listen to it?” 61But Jesus, knowing in himself that his disciples were grumbling about this, said to them, “Do you take offense at this? 62Then what if you were to see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before? 63It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh is no help at all. The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life. 64But there are some of you who do not believe.” (For Jesus knew from the beginning who those were who did not believe, and who it was who would betray him.) 65And he said, “This is why I told you that no one can come to me unless it is granted him by the Father.”
66After this many of his disciples turned back and no longer walked with him. 67So Jesus said to the Twelve, “Do you want to go away as well?” 68Simon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life, 69and we have believed, and have come to know, that you are the Holy One of God.” 70Jesus answered them, “Did I not choose you, the Twelve? And yet one of you is a devil.” 71He spoke of Judas the son of Simon Iscariot, for he, one of the Twelve, was going to betray him.
Scripture taken from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. Copyright ©2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Text provided by the Crossway Bibles Web Service. | <urn:uuid:6bd9daad-15a3-4a72-ad00-7fce8ac71cd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.truthforlife.org/bible/John%2B6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.990042 | 1,997 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Europe Rehabilitation robots Market Forecast to 2028 - COVID-19 Impact and Regional Analysis By Type (Therapeutic Robots, Prosthetic Robots, Assistive Robots, and Exoskeleton Robots), and End User (Rehabilitation Centers, Hospitals, and Specialty Clinics)
The rehabilitation robots market in Europe is expected to grow from US$ 185.69 million in 2021 to US$ 708.87 million by 2028; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 21.1% from 2021 to 2028. Rehabilitation robotics is a relatively young and rapidly growing field, with an increasing penetration into the clinical environment. Robotic therapy has shown its effectiveness on motor recovery, but its effectiveness on cognitive recovery is not investigated completely. The most widely studied rehabilitation robots are the MIT-MANUS and its clinical successors, the InMotion2 and InMotion ARM robots (Interactive Motion Technologies, Watertown, MA). Therapy comprises repetitive goal-directed and planar reaching tasks that emphasize shoulder and elbow movements. The low-impedance controller of the InMotionARM is highly compliant when interacting with the client's arm, like hand-over-hand assistance from a therapist during conventional therapy. Although the InMotionARM can provide the passive, active-assistive, active, and resistive modes of therapy, most studies investigated the effects of active-assistive robotic therapy on motor recovery after stroke. Thus, the preference for highly advanced therapy would offer lucrative opportunities for the growth of the medical robot market. Additionally, FDA authorizations and product development releases is among the major the major factor driving the growth of the APAC rehabilitation robots market.
Based on end user, the rehabilitation centers segment led the Europe rehabilitation robots market in 2020. Rehabilitation centers are the facilities centers where the specific treatments are offered. These centers offer diagnosis as well as the assistance for disabilities due to stroke and cerebrovascular diseases, neuro-oncology, multiple sclerosis, and others. This segment's expansion is projected to be fueled by technological advancements in the healthcare industry and increased research and development efforts. Rehabilitation robots has played a critical role in healthcare institutions, particularly in rehabilitation centers, due to their numerous advantages, including their user-friendliness, stability, and technical advancement. Healthcare providers are increasingly relying on technological platforms to meet the rising demands of hospitals and patients. Thus, the research and development enable to study various conditions through the use of advanced technological devices for diagnosing and treating different conditions. The clinics also offers best facilities of care and more personalized care to patients. Therefore, owing to the above-mentioned factors it is estimated that the market is estimated to propel during the forecast period.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients is high in terms of anxiety, fear, and psychological distress. In Among all European countries, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, and UK are most affected due to increasing number of coronavirus cases and deaths associated with it. Patients suffering from stroke or COVID-19 develop anxiety, depression, fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition to the physical or cognitive state, psychological health acts as an indicator of the surviving population's quality of living. Patients suffering from stroke or COVID-19 develop anxiety, depression, fatigue, and post-traumatic stress disorder in European region. In addition to the physical or cognitive state, psychological health acts as an indicator of the surviving population's quality of living. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak requires rapid reshaping of rehabilitation services to include patients recovering from severe COVID-19 with post-intensive care syndromes, which results in physical deconditioning and cognitive impairments, patients with comorbid conditions, and other patients requiring physical therapy during the outbreak with no or limited access to hospital and rehabilitation centers. Thus, the rise in development of cognitive state, psychological health there is chance of growth for the rehabilitation robot market. Nevertheless, the market player companies are not able to launch the new technologies due to burden of pandemic in European region is likely to hamper the growth of market.
The overall Europe rehabilitation robots market size has been derived using both primary and secondary sources. To begin the research process, exhaustive secondary research has been conducted using internal and external sources to obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to the market. The process also serves the purpose of obtaining an overview and forecast for the Europe rehabilitation robots market with respect to all the segments pertaining to the region. Also, multiple primary interviews have been conducted with industry participants and commentators to validate the data, as well as to gain more analytical insights into the topic. The participants who typically take part in such a process include industry experts, such as VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers, and national sales managers along with external consultants, such as valuation experts, research analysts, and key opinion leaders specializing in the Europe rehabilitation robots market. Cyberdyne Inc.; DIH Medical; Ekso Bionics Holdings Inc; Kinova Inc; Rewalk Robotics Ltd; Rex Bionics Ltd; and Toyota Motor Corporation are among the key players operating in the Europe rehabilitation robots market.
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Learn how to effectively navigate the market research process to help guide your organization on the journey to success.Download eBook | <urn:uuid:7a8ccc19-0a25-4e0c-bead-3f266e3295fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marketresearch.com/TIP-Knowledge-Services-v4095/Europe-Rehabilitation-robots-Forecast-COVID-30067308/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.935906 | 1,228 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Poor nutrition in pregnant women can have an impact on the health of mother and the fetus also, both in the short term or long term. Therefore, before the pregnancy a woman should have a good nutritional status.
“If pre-pregnancy maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and not repaired, the child may be born with low birth weight. In the future, the child has a variety of chronic disease risk,” said dr.Saptawati Bardosono, the Department of of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia.
He explains, malnutrition in mothers can be classified into two types, namely malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies.Malnutrition is associated with a lack of energy intake, especially proteins and carbohydrates, the food in a long time. As a result, the mother will experience less severe illnesses.
Meanwhile, micronutrient deficiency is the lack of intake of specific micro-substances necessary for growth and organ function. ”For example, a lack of calcium bone and teeth affect, or a lack of iron can lead to high blood pressure and bleeding during childbirth,” said one of the speakers at the seminar by Nutricia diadalah Early Life Nutrition in Jakarta some time ago .
So, know the nutritional status of a mother? ”The simplest is weighed on a regular basis. The size of a normal body mass index for the Asia-Pacific 18.5 to 22.9,” Sutanto said dr.Lusiana B., Sp.GK, the same opportunity.
Added by Saptawati, for those in rural areas or have no scales, can also do upper arm circumference measurements. ”If less than 23 cm means less food due to lack of energy reserves in the body,” he added.
To measure micronutrients can be done in the clinic or midwife.”The most important measure levels of hemoglobin, pre-pregnancy levels at least 12, while 11 pregnancies. If there are less than those reported for anemia,” said Saptawati.
Meet the nutrient, according to him, not only during pregnancy, but started as a baby. ”Nutrition is a cycle, which must be satisfied at all times not just once,” he said.
At the age of infant nutritional needs met by breast milk, and then after the kids to get additional food, the feeding is complete and balanced diet including fruits and vegetables. This healthy diet must continue into adulthood, so that later when entering their reproductive age are well nourished and ready to give birth to healthy children. | <urn:uuid:9bf8f9f2-3fcf-4873-b6a5-86e5598bcb5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rcuv.org/before-pregnant-expectant-mother-should-nutrition-fair.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.932688 | 535 | 3.390625 | 3 |
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NITRONIC 50 - twice the strength of 316, similar corrosion resistance. Nitrogen strengthened with Moly performs well in marine, and chemical service. Commonly used for shafting, housing and liners. Nitronic 50 properties. Nitronic 50 bar per ASTM A276 A479 UNS S20910 ni50 n50 What is SA 283 Gr C equal angle price per kg - asme carbon mn 500 kg equals steel plate priceNow we have built a business system integrating steel plate , steel plate cutting and SA 283 Gr C equal angle steel deep processing. The company provides one-stop solution for customers with lower price , higher quality and faster response speed. As we all know, steel pipes occupy more space in the process of transportation.
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500 kg equals pounds 500 kg equals how many pounds ms hot dipped steel equal price per kg iron angle bar mn 500 kg equals steel plate priceFor more information, please see here.equal angle steel , equal angle steel Suppliers and ms hot dipped steel equal price per kg iron angle barIron Steel Angle Bar SS400 S235JR A36 Hot Rolled Types of Angle Steel EQUAL / Price Per Kg AISI ASTM DIN JIS BS GB US $14.00-$20.50 / Kilogram 50.0 Kilograms (Min. Order) | <urn:uuid:3359ad86-5f01-4e73-a70f-07d1e0651bf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.viaggiare.cz/marine/mn-500-kg-equals-steel-plate-price_5917.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.839108 | 670 | 1.914063 | 2 |
|Year : 2020 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 8-17
Nonsurgical management of persistent periapical lesions in the anterior region - A systematic review
Sayali Anil Maral, Anamika Chetan Borkar, Anita Babasaheb Tandale, Nikhil Babaji Nighot, Sanchit Vilas Mujumdar, Shruti Sudhakar Khade
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Dr. DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
|Date of Submission||12-Mar-2020|
|Date of Acceptance||29-Apr-2020|
|Date of Web Publication||29-Jul-2020|
Dr. Sayali Anil Maral
Lane No-16, Plot No-371 ‘Girija’ Bunglow, Mahatma Society, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
| Abstract|| |
The basic objective of endodontic therapy is to prevent or arrest the pulpal or periradicular infection. Widely used intracanal medicament calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) introduced by Hermann in 1920 has numerous biological properties such as antimicrobial activity, tissue dissolving ability, inhibition of resorption, and bone formation associated with periradicular healing nonsurgically with less adverse reactions. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Google Scholar, and manual search library resources from January 1, 2008, to July 31, 2019, in order to identify relevant studies. All cross-reference lists of the selected studies were also screened. The inclusion criteria were articles in English or those having detailed summary in English, published between January 2008 and July 2019. Case reports and case series providing information about Calcium Hydroxide as an effective intracanal medicament in persistent periapical infections. Review, abstracts, letters to editors, and editorials were excluded. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. A total of 73 case report articles were identified through the database searching. A total of 20 articles were qualified and were selected. Most of the articles concluded that Ca (OH)2 in any form of vehicle promoted periapical healing with less adverse effects in persistent periapical infections.
Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, nonsurgical management, periapical diseases, periapical healing, tooth
|How to cite this article:|
Maral SA, Borkar AC, Tandale AB, Nighot NB, Mujumdar SV, Khade SS. Nonsurgical management of persistent periapical lesions in the anterior region - A systematic review. J Int Clin Dent Res Organ 2020;12:8-17
|How to cite this URL:|
Maral SA, Borkar AC, Tandale AB, Nighot NB, Mujumdar SV, Khade SS. Nonsurgical management of persistent periapical lesions in the anterior region - A systematic review. J Int Clin Dent Res Organ [serial online] 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 20];12:8-17. Available from: https://www.jicdro.org/text.asp?2020/12/1/8/291105
| Introduction|| |
Chemomechanical debridement and thorough disinfection of root canal anatomy is the main necessity of endodontic therapy. To attain the disinfection goal, adequate study of normal anatomy and variations should be done and lack of adequate treatment will eventually lead to failure of the treatment.
Favorable conditions can cause normal oral flora to become opportunistic pathogens and can cause disease if they enter the sterile areas such as pulp and periradicular tissues.
As there is direct physiopathological relationship in between pulp and periapical region, bacteria–fungi and other cell components can activate inflammatory process in the periapical region causing resorption, leading to formation of abscess, granulomas, and periapical cyst. They have potential to heal nonsurgically using an interim dressing like Ca(OH)2 sucessfully.
To restrict bacterial regrowth and improve bacterial suppression, intracanal medicament favors elimination of bacterial flora. Interappointment medicament acts by inhibiting proliferation of bacteria and further removes surviving bacteria; also, it decreases the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms through leaking restorations.
Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) is a white, odorless powder, which is slightly soluble in water and dissociates into calcium (Ca2+) and hydroxyl (OH−) ions. The low solubility property is beneficial as long period is required for Ca(OH)2 to become soluble in tissue fluids when in direct contact with vital tissues. It has a high pH (12.5–12.8) and is chemically classified as a strong base. It dissociates into Ca2+ and OH− ions on contact with an aqueous solution, and the main actions of Ca(OH)2 are related to the effect of these ions on vital tissues, such as inducing hard tissue deposition and being antibacterial. OH− ions are responsible for the highly alkaline nature of Ca(OH)2. Most of the microorganisms when in direct contact with an intracanal medicament attributes to the following mechanisms: damage to the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, protein denaturation, and/or damage to the DNA; yet, it is difficult to establish the main mechanism involved in the death of bacteria.
The vehicle plays a most important role in the overall process because it determines the velocity of ionic dissociation causing the paste to be solubilized and resorbed at various rates by the periapical tissues and from within the root canal. Three types of vehicles are used: aqueous, viscous, or oily. The aqueous group is represented by water-soluble substances, including water, saline, dental anesthetics with or without a vasoconstrictor, Ringer's solution, aqueous suspension of methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, and anionic detergent solution.
Pastes containing oil as a vehicle may remain within the root canal for longer than the pastes containing aqueous or viscous vehicles such as olive oil, silicone oil, camphor (the essential oil of camphorated parachlorophenol), metacresylacetate and some fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, and isostearic acids.
The aim of this systematic review is to assess the literature regarding efficacy of Ca(OH)2 in various forms for management of persistent periapical lesions in anterior region of the jaw in case reports or series. By including the point of evaluation used by the clinicians when the patients reported for follow-ups, there was an improved understanding of the signs and symptom set of both successes and failures.
What is the effect of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medicament in persistent periapical lesions?
To determine effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medicament in the management of persistent periapical lesions.
Components of the PICO question
- Participants: Persistent periapical lesions in the anterior region
- Intervention: Intracanal medicament.
- Outcome: Periapical healing.
| Materials and Methods|| |
Protocol and registration
The material and method was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.
A search strategy of the literature was performed on PubMed and MeSH terms were found. The search was performed between January 2008 and July 2019 and articles in English or those having detailed summary in English were included. Duplicates were removed manually. After the selection of the articles, a manual search was conducted from the reference lists.
- Case reports only
- Article reporting information about patients having periapical lesions
- Articles in English or those having detail summary in English
- Article reporting information about patients age 7–45 years
- Articles reporting use of Ca(OH)2 in patients having periapical lesions
- Article reporting outcomes in terms of healing
- Case reports published between January 1, 2008 and July 31, 2019.
- Abstract and letter to editorials are excluded
- Animal studies
- Review articles
- Case reports on retreatment cases.
English language articles were retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate were used to complete the search for all full text articles available. The search was done till July 30, 2019. The last data search was conducted on July 30, 2019.
The following databases were searched on: PubMed (The limits used were all full text articles in English dated from January 1, 2008, to July 31, 2019, and Google Scholar. For the electronic search strategy, [Table 1] were used as keywords in several combinations.
Case reports showing nonsurgical management of persistent periapical lesions with the help of Ca(OH)2 in any form were included. Using different search strategies [Table 2] from the above-mentioned keywords [Table 1] and their combinations, various electronic databases were searched. Total 73 case report articles were identified through the database searching. After thorough reading of titles, 37 case report articles were excluded. After searching for duplicates, 16 case report articles were excluded. These remaining 36 articles were further screened for abstract reading and 7 case report articles were excluded and the remaining 29 case report articles were selected after reading the abstracts. Full texts for these 29 articles were obtained and were assessed for eligibility. A total of 20 articles were qualified and were selected. Nine case report articles were excluded.
Data collection process was done according to the consultation approved from our expert. First, a pilot Microsoft Excel Sheet was filled accordingly, and then the expert was consulted for further progress. According to the data collected and the records selected, the remaining Excel Sheet was filled only with the data that were related to this study and retained.
The data extraction was carried out by one author (DR) and later reviewed by a second author (AS); disagreements were solved by discussion.
The following data were obtained from the selected articles [Table 3]:
- Study design – case reports or case series
- Number of patients
- History-cause of lesion
- Radiographic diagnosis
- Initial follow-up
- Final follow-up
- Intracanal medicament – Ca(OH)2 in various forms and formulations
- Clinical outcome in terms of periapical healing.
| Discussion|| |
Periradicular lesions are usually endodontic in origin. Bacteria and bacterial by-products within the root canal and its ramifications bring out the inflammatory response in the periradicular tissue. Proper cleansing and disinfection of the root canal system will effectively reduce the microbial cause of cyst-like periapical lesions or inflammatory apical true cysts.
Case report by Hannah Rosaline et al. showed an innovative bioroot inlay technique in treatment of central incisor with wide open apex and periapical lesion of 1 cm × 2 cm. Cleaning shaping with use of sodium hypochlorite and intracanal medicament in form of Ca (OH)2 was given for the periapical lesion where it showed reduction in the lesion size in 6 months and complete resolution in 4 years.
Kapil Krishnan Dua et al., Janir Soares et al., Aditya Mitra et al., Koppolu Madhusudhana et al., Prabhat Mandhotra et al., Caliskan et al., Roopa Dharavat et al., Sweta Chaudhary et al., Puneet Ajwani et al., Hasan Oracoglu et al., and S. Jagadish et al. reported cases with nonsurgical management of periapical lesions with resolution of signs and symptoms both clinically and radiographically with Ca(OH)2 various formulations when used as an intracanal medicament.
Priya Mittal et al. described cone-beam computed tomography-guided nonsurgical management of Type III (subtype B) dens invaginatus in a permanent maxillary canine associated with a sinus tract and peri-invagination periodontitis in a 17-year-old female. After gaining access to the root canal, thorough chemomechanical preparation was performed and usage of intracanal medicament of Ca(OH)2 was performed for 3 weeks, during which the sinus tract healed completely. At 12-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with complete resolution of the sinus tract and radiographic evidence of healing of periapical pathology.
Similar cases were reported by Sara Fayazi et al., Marcia Schmitz et al., and Damian lachota et al.
Shweta Dwivedi et al. published a case report of nonsurgical management of a radicular cyst associated with permanent maxillary right central, lateral, and canine in a 24-year-old female patient. Root canal treatment was done together with cystic aspiration of the lesion and Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medicament was reported. The lesion was periodically followed up and significant bone formation was seen at the periapical region of affected teeth and at the palate at about 9 months.
Similar case was reported by Kunjamma Thomas et al. Hyunsook Chung et al. showed a case of an avulsed upper left central incisor that was replanted after 3 h in a 7-year-old. Tooth showed signs of an acute periapical abscess at 2 weeks after replantation. Apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate following application of Ca (OH)2 as intracanal medicament was attempted. At 3-year and 6-month follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic with adequate clinical function. The radiograph showed resolution of the periapical lesion.
Vasudev Ballal et al. reported a rare case of orthodontically induced external root resorption of a maxillary left central incisor with a large periapical radiolucency. The tooth was nonvital and had Grade III mobility. It was treated endodontically for 2 years with an intracanal medicament of Ca(OH)2 mixed with propylene glycol. After 2 years, the postoperative intraoral periapical radiograph showed good periapical healing with complete resolution of periapical radiolucency. There was a significant reduction in the mobility of the tooth, from Grade III to Grade I.
Ca(OH)2 inactivates endotoxin and appears currently the only effective medicament for inactivation of endotoxin.
Nonsurgical management of periapical lesions is preferred in comparison to surgical methods and should be considered. Possible damage to adjacent vital teeth, damage to anatomic structures in the vicinity of the lesion, and pain and discomfort associated with surgical procedures can be eliminated by nonsurgical methods. Patient acceptance and apprehension toward the surgical procedure, age, and medical conditions which limit surgical procedures are also factors which favor nonsurgical approach. Surgical procedures should be considered only when conventional root canal methods fail.
- The volumetric extension of periapical lesion and healing were not specified in many of the case reports/series
- In some full-text articles, the vehicle used for Ca(OH)2 formulation was not specified.
| Conclusion|| |
Large persistent periapical lesions can resolve by nonsurgical endodontic therapy employing Ca(OH)2 intracanal interappointment medicament and should be attempted as the first approach in all cases with periapical lesions. Surgical approach is only needed if conservative approach fails.
- The healing of periapical lesions will not be achieved only through surgical removal of the periapical lesion but also requires proper root canal disinfection and obturation
- Ca(OH)2 in any vehicle form is effective as an intracanal medicament in persistent periapical lesions
- In case of large periapical lesions, conventional endodontic therapy alone may not be enough. Associated procedures such as aspiration, decompression, nonsurgical aspiration, and irrigation may be required.
More in vivo case studies should be carried out with comparison of different vehicles used with Ca(OH)2 and its interaction with other medicaments.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
Mandhotra P, Goel M, Rai K, Verma S, Thakur V, Chandel N. Accelerated non surgical healing of large periapical lesions using different calcium hydroxide formulations: A case series. Int J Oral Health Med Res 2016;3:79-83.
Dua KK, Kaur Atwal PK. Nonsurgical healing of a large periapical lesion associated with a two-rooted maxillary lateral incisor. CHRISMED J Health Res 2018;5:48-50. [Full text]
Soares JA, Brito-Júnior M, Silveira FF, Nunes E, Santos SM. Favorable response of an extensive periapical lesion to root canal treatment. J Oral Sci 2008;50:107-11.
Dharavath R, Veeramachaneni C. Non-surgical endodontic approach for management of periapical lesions. Int J Sci Stud 2015;2:193-6.
Kumar A, Tamanna S, Iftekhar H. Intracanal medicaments – Their use in modern endodontics: A narrative review. J Oral Res Rev 2019;11:94-9. [Full text]
Kim D, Kim E. Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: A literature review-Part I.In vitro
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Fava LR, Saunders WP. Calcium hydroxide pastes: Classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J 1999;32:257-82.
Thomas K, T PD, Simon EP. Management of large periapical cystic lesion by aspiration and nonsurgical endodontic therapy using calcium hydroxide paste. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13:897-901.
Rosaline H, Rajan M, Deivanayagam K, Reddy SY. BioRoot inlay: An innovative technique in teeth with wide open apex. Indian J Dent Res 2018;29:521-4.
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Çalışkan MK, Kaval ME. Endodontic management of immature teeth with spontaneous apical closure and periapical lesions: Case series and review of the literature. Dent Traumatol 2015;31:324-7.
Chaudhary S, Tripathi P, Upadhaya Y, Seth P. Successful nonsurgical management of a large radicular cyst: A case report with review of literature. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev 2015;2015:1-5.
Ajwani P, Saini N. Non-surgical management of a mutilated maxillary central incisor with open apex and large periapical lesion. Indian J Dent Res 2011;22:475-7.
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Jagadish S, Murali H, Karthik J. Resolution of periapical pathology-A non surgical approach. Endodontolog. 2006;18:20-4.
Mittal P, Jadhav GR, Syed S, Bhujbal ND. Cone-beam computed tomography-guided management of C-shaped Type III dens invaginatus with peri-invagination periodontitis in a maxillary canine: A case report. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2016;37:e9-12.
Fayazi S, Bayat-Movahed S, White SN. Rapid endodontic management of type II dens invaginatus using an MTA plug: A case report. Spec Care Dentist 2013;33:96-100.
Schmitz MS, Montagner F, Flores CB, Morari VH, Quesada GA, Gomes BP. Management of dens invaginatus type I and open apex: Report of three cases. J Endod 2010;36:1079-85.
Lichota D, Lipski M, Woźniak K, Buczkowska-Radlińska J. Endodontic treatment of a maxillary canine with type 3 dens invaginatus and large periradicular lesion: A case report. J Endod 2008;34:756-8.
Dwivedi S, Dwivedi CD, Chaturvedi TP, Baranwal HC. Management of a large radicular cyst: A nonsurgical endodontic approach. Saudi Endod J 2014;4:1458. [Full text]
Chung H, Kim M, Yang W, Ko H. An interesting healing outcome of a replanted immature permanent tooth: A case report. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:77-80.
Ballal V, Kundabala M, Bhat KS. Nonsurgical management of a nonvital tooth with orthodontically induced external root resorption and extensive periapical pathology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:149-52.
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[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3] | <urn:uuid:87c3bbd9-5965-450c-8b5c-c5114455b06a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jicdro.org/article.asp?issn=2231-0754;year=2020;volume=12;issue=1;spage=8;epage=17;aulast=Maral | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906776 | 5,147 | 1.859375 | 2 |
With the early start to our bushfire season, widespread fires burning across the country with tragic loss of life and property, and a number of areas breaking November heat records, three medical colleges, the RACP, ACEM and ACRRM representing tens of thousands of doctors recently declared climate change a health emergency, writes DEA’s Hon Secretary Dr Richard Yin. They join the AMA and DEA which this year also declared a climate health emergency. The clear message to our leaders is that the time to act on the climate crisis is now.
Worldwide, the American, British, Canadian, and New Zealand medical peak bodies have declared a climate emergency, while the World Medical Association has called on physicians to press their governments to be carbon neutral by 2030.
These declarations have been made even more salient with the recently released 2019 MJA–Lancet Countdown report on climate change and health progress in Australia, and one by natural scientists that biosphere tipping points might be breached much sooner than previously anticipated, fundamentally altering our ecological life-support systems and rapidly accelerating climate change.
The health profession is rightly concerned that not enough has been done to mitigate and prepare for climate change health impacts.
Doctors have a long history of standing together on threats to public health. We stood up to the tobacco industry and helped save thousands of Australian lives from tobacco related deaths and illnesses. Now we must come together again on curbing climate change to ensure a liveable planet for people alive today and for those yet to be born.
Read the article in full in the Medical Republic, 4 December 2019
Add your voice to DEA’s call for Parliament to declare climate change a health emergency and act according to the science, HERE. | <urn:uuid:d03df8c1-8e6a-4901-80b0-41bffa4fb43f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dea.org.au/medical-republic-australias-doctors-raise-their-voices-on-climate-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954789 | 345 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Research and Markets has announced the addition of the "Thin Film Material Market By Type, End-User Industry and Deposition Processes - Global Trends & Forecast to 2018" report to their offering.
Thin film material are widely used in various industries for one or more applications. They are used in the encapsulation of photovoltaic solar cell, semiconductor and electrical industry for miniaturization of circuit boards. Their major application is in photovoltaic solar cells, which accounts for a majority of their usage, followed by the MEMS, electrical, semiconductor, and optical coating industry.
Of the three main thin film technologies, Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) has been the most successful, as demonstrated by First Solar (U.S.). This success story is now spurred on by increased investment in the sector. Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) is the sector that has received the most funding but has failed to deliver along the expected lines due to encapsulation problems and high capex. Recently, though the capex has decreased and deposition and encapsulation issues have been sorted to an extent, a lot needs to be done. Solar Frontier (Japan) and Hanergy (China) appear to be breaking out as emerging winners. Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) is also seeing some renewed interest by some Asian companies, particularly Suntech Holdings (China) and Trony (China), as they drive the costs down.
The thin film material market has a significant number of small as well as few big manufacturers. The companies in thin film material market are segmented according to the technology used. In the thin film material market, the companies are sometimes restricted to specific technology because of their geographical presence. For instance First Solar (U.S.) has a market share of around 90% in CdTe technology and it has majority of market share only in North America as the usage of cadmium in Europe is highly regulated. Hanergy has one third of the market share of CIS/CIGS technology and a majority of its share is in the Asia-Pacific and European market.
The thin film material market has no specific set of raw material or ingredients. Every thin film is unique and the manufacturers use their own set of raw material and ingredients to manufacture these material. The industry also lacks the need for bulk suppliers. The raw material that are used in bulk are rare material and chemicals such as cadmium, indium, telluride, and certain common metals such as copper. These material are not difficult to source, unless there is some crisis or regulatory problems that prohibit their usage beyond a certain value.
Key Topics Covered:
2 Executive Summary
3 Premium Insights
4 Market Overview
5 Thin Film Material Market, By Technology Type
6 Thin Film Materials Market, By End User Industry
7 Thin Film Materials Market, By Deposition Process
8 Thin Film Materials Market, By Geography
9 Competitive Landscape
10 Company Profiles
- Anwell Solar
- Ascent Solar Technologies Inc.
- Avancis Gmbh & Co Kg
- Cicor Technologies Ltd.
- First Solar Inc. & Company
- Kaneka Solar Energy
- Masdar Pv Gmbh
- Moser Baer India Ltd.
- Solar Frontier
- Suntech Power Holding Co. Ltd.
- Trony Solar Holding Co. Ltd.
For more information visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/7l7ld7/thin_film | <urn:uuid:e71adee0-0b25-40a8-8cf0-b463f163d54b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?newsID=30537 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933548 | 753 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Bee Sweet Citrus Hosts Mammogram Event for its Employees
FOWLER, CA - Bee Sweet Citrus hosted its first annual mammogram event for its employees last week. Coordinating with United Health Centers (UHC), Life Saving Images, and Susan G. Komen’s Central Valley, the citrus company wanted to continue its social sustainability outreach by ensuring the health of its employees.
“The health of our employees is incredibly important to the Bee Sweet Citrus team,” said Human Resources Manager Jasmine Reynozo, in a press release. “We want to provide them with services that aid their well-being and shed light on the importance of preventative health care practices.”
Mammograms can detect breast cancer in its early stages, when the chances of recovery are high. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), breast cancer is commonly found in women 50 years or older, but can affect younger women.
In fact, 11 percent of breast cancer cases in the United States are in women younger than 45 years of age.
“Prevention is key to tackling life-threatening diseases,” said Life Saving Images CEO Jim Dury. “I have three family members that have breast cancer; all later-stage cases that could have possibly been detected early on.”
Events like Bee Sweet Citrus’ give women access to a service they might otherwise be unable to get, noted the company.
“Many women choose not to schedule a visit with their doctor because they are either too busy or too scared to do so,” said Victor Gonzalez, United Health Centers Enrollment Specialist Supervisor. “These events give them the opportunity to find out what’s going on without interfering with their schedule and can also allow them to talk to a healthcare professional about any questions they may have.”
For the latest in fresh produce news, keep reading AndNowUKnow. | <urn:uuid:010f8a2c-5f33-4fb7-8434-9e419abbdb75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.andnowuknow.com/whats-store/bee-sweet-citrus-hosts-mammogram-event-its-employees-Jasmine-Reynozo-Jim-Dury-Victor-Gonzalez/jordan-okumura/58221 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959459 | 399 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Video Game Design Camp
In Video Game Builders Camp, kids turn their love of video games into a learning experience and build their very own 3D video games!
What Kids Learn in Game Builders Camp
While in this video game building camp, kids design multiple video games using Kodu Game Lab from Microsoft. As a result, they understand visual programming. Subsequently, they learn to create and implement key game design elements and enhance the video game experience. In addition, kids increase problem-solving and strategy skills.
To inspire collaborative video game design, in tech camp kids are encouraged to play each other’s video games, offer feedback, suggestions, and encouragement. The video games designed in this STEM camp are saved on a complimentary USB drive kids can use to load onto Windows computers. This will allow friends and family to play the games they designed in tech camp.
- Class Size: 12 Participants
- Difficulty: Beginner
- Duration: 15 Total Hours
- Technology Ratio: 1:1 Student-to-Computer
- Technology Used: Kodu for Windows
Requirements to Attend this Camp
- Age: 7-9 Years Old (by the first day of camp)
- If your child is 10-13 Years Old please register for Game Design
Game Builders Camp Locations & Dates
- Akron summer camps schedule (Northeastern Ohio)
- Cleveland summer camps schedule (Northeastern Ohio)
- Columbus summer camps schedule (Central Ohio)
- Cincinnati summer camps schedule (Southwestern Ohio)
- Dayton summer camps schedule (Southwestern Ohio)
- Detroit summer camps schedule (Southeastern Michigan)
Classroom Antics Advantage
Our programs are uniquely different from other programs. We take pride in not only what we teach, but also how we teach.
- Professional educators – teachers with classroom experience
- Small class sizes – 12 students max per class
- Dedicated materials & equipment – 1:1 student to equipment ratio
- Close to home – most programs within a 15-minute drive
- Fun, safe, social, and respectful environment
Cost of Game Builders Camp
Each of our summer camps meets all week for three hours each day as either a morning or afternoon camp. The program fee for one week of half-day summer camp is $259.
If you would like your child to attend a full day of summer camp, you will need to register for both a morning camp and a different afternoon camp. When you do, you will automatically receive a $20 discount, bringing the cost down to $498. When you are registering your child, select the two camps you would like. We allow full-day summer campers to stay over the lunch hour between sessions for free. Full-day campers should bring a packed lunch. Our staff will make sure they are well cared for over the lunch hour and ensure they get to their afternoon camp.
Note: If camp meets during a shortened week, prices are pro-rated accordingly.
Register for Camp Today
Enroll today as space is limited. Register and save your child a seat at camp. Our registration system shows real-time availability in each program. Contact us if you have any questions. | <urn:uuid:6f5d85f5-802b-44f2-b502-2189ef4c1fee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.classroomantics.com/game-builders-video-game-design-camp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913703 | 654 | 2.46875 | 2 |
This course aims to introduce the use of containers with the goal of using them to effect reproducible computational environments. Such environments are useful for ensuring reproducible research outputs and for simplifying the setup of complex software dependencies across different systems. The course will mostly be based around the use of Docker containers but the material will be of use for whatever container technology you plan to, or end up, using. We will also briefly introduce the Singularity container environment which is compatible with Docker and designed for use on multi-user systems (such as HPC resources). On completion of this course attendees should:
- Understand what containers are and what they are used for
- Understand how to manage and create Docker containers
- Appreciate decisions that need to be made around containerising research workflows
- Understand the differences between Docker and Singularity containers and why Singularity is more suitable for multi-user systems (e.g. HPC)
- Understand how to manage and create Singularity containers
- Appreciate how containers can be used to enable and improve reproducibility in research
Location: This course will be run primarily as a remote attendance course but depending on how the current situation evolves over the coming weeks, there may also be an opportunity to attend the training in person at Imperial College London’s South Kensington Campus. We will advise whether in-person attendance is possible in mid June.
Target Audience: This course is aimed at researchers who have no (or very little) previous experience of using containers.
- You should have basic familiarity with using a command shell, and the lesson text will at times request that you “open a shell window”, with an assumption that you know what this means.
- Under Linux or macOS it is assumed that you will access a bash shell (usually the default), using your Terminal application.
- Under Windows, Powershell and Git Bash should allow you to use the Unix instructions. We will also try to give command variants for Windows
Requirements: Participants must bring a laptop with a Mac, Linux, or Windows operating system (not a tablet, Chromebook, etc.) that they have administrative privileges on.
This course is part-funded by the PRACE project and is free to all. | <urn:uuid:6ca757f6-62e9-4952-b1ec-99339aa91a61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.archer2.ac.uk/training/courses/200713-containers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.904811 | 468 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Legendary American evangelist William Franklin “Billy” Graham Jr. has died at 99, Fox News has confirmed, leaving behind a net worth of $25 million, and associations worth hundreds of millions.
Graham had humble beginnings, and was born on a dairy farm near Charlotte, N.C., in 1918, and started conducting evangelistic "crusades" in 1948. He rose to celebrity status with his sermons broadcast on radio and television. His net worth is $25 million, according to the Richest.com.
Graham founded the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, and according to its website, in 2016, the association received $105.58 million in support and revenue, had operating expenses of $100.91 million. Including carryover and profits from investments, the association finished the year with $284.52 million in assets.
The ministry directs a wide range of domestic and international outreach programs. | <urn:uuid:abbfd0ab-3d81-4622-8b00-df06a641cbf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/billy-graham-dies-what-will-happen-to-his-charities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97156 | 186 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Blue Ridge, Georgia - Wikipedia From 2000 to 2018, the U.S. median age rose from 35.3 to 38.2, according to Census data.This report explores how Blue Ridgeâs populationâs age is changingâand how the data compares to the United States as a whole. Blue Ridge is a very small city located in the state of Georgia. In Fannin County, GA 17.3% of the people voted Democrat in the last presidential election, 82.0% voted for the Republican Party, and the remaining 0.7% voted Independent. School leader: Ms Alison L Danner. Blue Ridge Grocery. Population in White families living in Blue Ridge. 48 miles from Dallas. View a list of ZIP codes in Blue Ridge, GA. Blue Ridge, GA ZIP Code Boundaries. Census From analyzing traditional and Airbnb rental income to occupancy rates, Mashvisor brings your entire real estate investment research process into one platform. Population About Blue Ridge, Georgia. What was the peak population of Blue Ridge? Blue Ridge, GA Profile. Known Business Closures . The northern piece of Georgia is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, slight portion of the Appalachian Mountains system. Population Under 18 years: 239. Research Blue Ridge GA Population and Demographics on Movoto. Fannin County, Georgia At a Glance - Blue Ridge, Georgia The City of Blue Ridge, Georgia was incorporated in the year 1856. 706 / 762. Lake Allatoona is a 12,000-acre lake popular for boating, swimming, and fishing. Blue Ridge Incorporated in 1886 and located in the northeast corner of Georgia, the City of Blue Ridge is the county seat of Fannin County. Blue Ridge is a city in Fannin County, Georgia . 2010 Census Population of Blue Ridge, Georgia - CensusViewer Blue Ridge is a small community of 862 people (2011 estimate) located at the intersection of ⦠As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 1,290. The county seat is Canton, population 29,306 (2018). Blue Ridge Division, GA The Blue Ridge Division is a County Subdivision of Fannin County. For Sale: 849900 - Residential, 4 bed, 5 bath, sqft at 840 DEER CREST ROAD in Blue Ridge. Demographics | City of Blue Ridge Blue Ridge City, Georgia - Housing, Employment, Education ... School leader email. Blue Ridge. Browse through 338 house rentals throughout Atlanta’s most popular neighborhoods and hotspots. The Top 61 Happiest Mountain Towns in the Blue Ridge. $849,900 USD: "Life is good in the Mountains" especially when you are in the Aska Adventure Area. Blue Ridge, GA Population - Census 2010 and 2000 ... Blue Ridge As of 2019, 2.59% of Blue Ridge, GA residents were born outside of the country (30 people). Our quest to have our readers select the happiest towns in the mountains began with a set of criteria applied to just under 100 cities and towns in our coverage area (the mountain regions of Virginia, North Carolina, West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia and South Carolina). By far, the Ingles in Blue Ridge is the best grocery store in North Georgia. Details for 30513, Blue Ridge Georgia population statistics, crime statistics, neighborhood and area information. Explore Blue Ridge, Georgia zip code map, area code information, demographic, social and economic profile. Blue Ridge has 2.38 square miles of land area and has no water area. But on Saturday, teams expanded the search area and brought in a rescue canine, the Placer County Sheriffâs Office said in a statement. As the destination for both the Blue Ridge Scenic Railway and the Tennessee Valley Railroad, the twin towns of McCaysville, Georgia, and Copperhill, Tennessee, are experiencing a revival -- with new shops, restaurants, parks and streetscapes. Sample craft breweries, wineries, surprisingly upscale shops, galleries and restaurants. Six percent of the population in Blue Ridge works in retail, making it the most common industry. The county Board of Commissioners is the governing body, with members elected to office. There are 564 male residents living in Blue Ridge and 593 female residents. Blue Ridge, Georgia - Overview: 2010 Census: Counts: Percentages: Total Population: Total Population: 1,290: 100.00% : Population by Race: American Indian and Alaska native alone: 3: 0.23%: Asian alone: 6: 0.47%: Black or African American alone: 15: 1.16%: Some other race alone: 37: 2.87%: Two or more races: 13: 1.01%: White alone: 1,216: 94.26% : Population by Hispanic or ⦠The city is the county seat of Fannin County. Blue Ridge is an area in Fannin County,Georgia with a population of 1,157. 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM. See all 403 apartments in Pooler, GA currently available for rent. The Blue Ridge population density is 582.50 people per square mile, which is much higher than the state average density of 166.73 people per square mile and is much higher than the national average density of 82.73 people per square mile. There are approximately 232 births each year and around 255 deaths. Elevation: 1,719.82 ft. Time Zone: Eastern Standard Time (GMT -5) Daylight Savings: Yes. Land Area: 2.38 sq. There are also a slightly less than average number of single parents and a slightly higher than average number of single adults. Table Of Contents. Demographics. Blue Ridge is currently growing at a rate of 0.41% annually and its population has increased by 14.19% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 1,290 in 2010. Itâs the charm of Bavaria, in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ⦠Explore demographics of Blue Ridge, GA including diversity, population, income, and community statistics. wind speeds 207-260 mph) tornado 19.0 miles away from the Blairsville city center killed 4 people and injured 26 people and caused between $5,000,000 and $50,000,000 in damages. Size: 1.1 square miles. Black bears are omnivores and their diets vary depending on season and location. The population in Blue Ridge is 1,473. Furniture Store in Blue Ridge. 132 - Nacoochee Located at White Co. GAGenWeb [Report Broken Link] 1900 Federal Census - Dist. Fannin. Overall Quality Of Life; Rankings; Map & Stats; Population. 726 Bruckenstrasse Helen, GA 30545 P.O. As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 1,290. With a 2020 population of 1,473, it is the 268th largest city in Georgia and the 8782nd largest city in the United States . Total number led homes in Blue Ridge, by type ; Total Home Population: 523; Population of Family homes: 306; Population of 15 to 24 year olds: 15; Population of 25 to 34 year olds: 46; Population of 35 to 44 year olds: 62; Population of 45 to 54 year olds: 55; Population of 55 to 59 year olds: 20; Population of 60 to 64 year olds: 35; Population of 65 to 74 year olds: 41 1900 Federal Census - Blue Ridge Located at USGenWeb Archives: White Co., GA [Report Broken Link] 1900 Federal Census - Dist. English: Blue Ridge is a city in Fannin County, Georgia, United States. 1940 U.S. Federal Census of Blue Ridge in Toombs County, Toombs, Georgia Census index courtesy of RootsPoint.com. Water Area: NA. Hiawassee is currently growing at a rate of 1.19% annually and its population has increased by 6.02% since the most recent census, which recorded a population ⦠133 - Blue Creek & Chattahoochee Located at White Co. GAGenWeb [Report Broken Link] 1900 Federal Census - Dist. Blue Ridge is much less diverse than the average US city. Area Code (s) ZIP Code 30513. Fannin County in Northern Georgia is well known for the natural beauty of the Blue Ridge Mountains and its relaxing atmosphere. (706) 492-3644. The population in Blue Ridge is 1,473. Population in White families living in Blue Ridge. The Political Climate in Blue Ridge, GA is Moderately conservative. about Dalton Board of ⦠Ages 65+. Blue Ridge is a city in Fannin County, Georgia, United States. $196,500. When you click through real estate links on our site, we earn an affiliate commission. The population density in Blue Ridge is 203% higher than Georgia. We have over 74,000 city photos not found anywhere else, graphs of the latest real estate prices and sales trends, recent home sales, a home value estimator, hundreds of thousands of maps, satellite photos, demographic data (race, income, ancestries, education, employment), geographic data, state profiles, crime data, registered sex offenders, cost of living, … Blue Ridge real estate is some of the most expensive in Georgia, although Blue Ridge house values don't compare to the most expensive real estate in the U.S. Blairsville is a city located in Union County Georgia.It is also the county seat of Union County.With a 2020 population of 693, it is the 351st largest city in Georgia and the 11931st largest city in the United States. Asian: 0.00%. Blue Ridge was ranked by Southern Living Magazine as one of the 2020 Southâs Best Mountain Towns, and 2019 Top Small Mountain Towns for Retirement. (706) 492-4523. 2007: 4 buildings, average cost: $100,000. The police department is manned seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day. Total Population: 830. Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2015-2019. Blue Ridge, GA is located at 34°52â²6â³N 84°19â²16â³W / 34.86833°N 84.32111°W / 34.86833; -84.32111 (34.868344, -84.320991). Atlanta is 99 mi (159 km) to the south via U.S. 19. Download Blue ⦠Since the day of the one horse; one officer era, the Blue Ridge Police Department has grown to a 14 man department with each officer certified by the Georgia Peace Officer Standards and Training Commission. Blairsville, Georgia detailed profile. Learn more. As as 2010, the census tract that contains Blue Ridge (numbered tract 1600 on the map below) counted 76 Black residents and 244 Asian residents in a population of 4,131. The median age of the male population is 36.6 and the female population is 42.8. Searching for houses to rent in Atlanta is easy when you utilize HotPads map-based search platform. Homer GA 1,264 1,141 123 Blue Ridge GA 1,253 1,290 â37 Willacoochee GA 1,240 1,391 â151 Edison GA 1,230 1,531 â301 Zebulon GA 1,225 1,174 51 Pine Mountain GA 1,216 1,304 â88 Arlington GA 1,209 1,479 â270 Boston GA 1,207 1,315 â108 Winterville GA 1,201 1,122 79 Data released by the U.S. Census Bureau- August 12, 2021 There are 550 people per square mile aka population density. U.S. 76 and GA-515 run through the city together, leading northeast 8 mi (13 km) to Young Harris and west 23 mi (37 km) to Blue Ridge. Blue Ridge has a Livability Score of 79 /100, which is considered exceptional; Blue Ridge crime rates are 3% lower than the Georgia average; Cost of living in Blue Ridge is 5% lower than the Georgia average; Blue Ridge real estate prices are 11% lower than the Georgia average; Rental prices in Blue Ridge are 33% lower than the Georgia average What's on City-Data.com. With a population of 1,461 people and just one neighborhood, Blue Ridge is the 299th largest community in Georgia. The next most-common racial group is Hispanic at 2.7%. Chances are the city of Summerville GA probably isnât on your list of must-see Blue Ridge mountain towns. USA > Georgia > Toombs County > 1940 Census of Blue Ridge in Toombs County View their 2021-22 rankings, test scores, reviews and more. Blue Ridge, GA, population 1,107, is located in Georgia's Fannin county, about 57.3 miles from Chattanooga and 77.2 miles from Atlanta.. Meanwhile, looking at job function, many residents work in sales, which ranks as the top field in the town. The black bear ( Ursus americanus) is a medium-sized bear native to North America. Ordinances. Dalton High School Auditorium, 1500 Manly Street, Dalton, GA. Read More. Location: United States > Georgia > Fannin County > Blue Ridge > Longitude: -84.383203 Latitude: 34.8926731 Elevation: 668m / 2192feet The city is the county seat of Fannin County. Blue Ridge, GA is home to a population of 1.16k people, from which 99.2% are citizens. Take a ride on the Blue Ridge Scenic Railway, following the Toccoa River to the town of McCaysville. The Piedmont connects via the focal part of the state from the lower regions of the Blue Ridge to the Fall Line, where the streams go down in stature to the shoreline front plain of the southern part of Georgia. The median age in Blue Ridge is 45.6, the US median age is 37.4.The number of people per household in Blue Ridge is 2.2, the US average of people per household is 2.6.. Family in Blue Ridge - 40.5% are married - 20.6% are divorced - 21.2% are married with children - 25.9% have ⦠14,995. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. Two or more races: 5.62%. Native American: 0.00%. The massive lake includes 13 public beaches, boat ramps, and hiking trails. (if available) If you have any questions regarding a particular ordinance, please call City Hall and we will be happy to help you. this is located in Gainesville, GA in the zip code 30501 . Blue Ridge is located in north Georgia. The most prevalent race in Blue Ridge is white, which represent 89.55% of the total population. Get Quote. From analyzing traditional and Airbnb rental income to occupancy rates, Mashvisor brings your entire real estate investment research process into one platform. The places that are legal entities provide governmental functions. Slowly but surely, Americans are getting older. They typically live in forested areas, but may leave forests in search of food. 2005: 1 building, cost: $167,000. With the in-store Starbucks, the fresh produce department and aâ¦. Our useful charts can help you learn about the 30513 ZIP code. The City of Blue Ridge is the county seat of Fannin County. In hot markets like Atlanta, it’s important to move fast … 152 Orvin Lance Drive, Suite A Blue Ridge, GA 30513 Phone: 706-632-5680 Toll-Free: 1-800-899-MTNS Fax: 1-706-632-2241 Email: [email protected] (706) 258-2867. Blue Ridge is a city in Fannin County, Georgia, United States. The people living in ZIP code 30513 are primarily white. Population Density: 545.14 people per sq. It was recently recognized by Thrillist as the most gay-friendly city in ⦠People in Blue Ridge, Georgia. The population in Blue Ridge is 1,376. There are 514 people per square mile aka population density. The median age in Blue Ridge is 45.6, the US median age is 37.4. The number of people per household in Blue Ridge is 2.2, the US average of people per household is 2.6. - 40.5% are married. The total number of households is 476 with 2 people per household on average.The median age of the current population is 52 with 442 people being married and 584 being single. 134 - Blue Ridge 133 - Blue Creek & Chattahoochee Located at White Co. GAGenWeb [Report Broken Link] 1900 Federal Census - Dist. Through the 90's Blue Ridge's population has declined by about 9%. Located in the rolling foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Woodstock is ideal for outdoor adventures. Blue Ridge Manor Demographics Population - Employment - Households - Income / Financial - Housing - Education - Marital Status - Means of Transport to Work Blue Ridge Manor Population Demographics top Census data for Blue Ridge, GA (pop. Population: 1,298. Bank Information This data is limited to workers 16 years and older in Blue Ridge, and is collected based on the workers' residences rather than the locations of their jobs. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km²), all of it land. Situated near the northern border of Georgia, Lake Blue Ridge and the Toccoa River, Blue Ridge draws outdoor enthusiasts from all over the United States for fishing, kayaking, boating, tubing, ⦠Scope: population of Georgia and Blue Ridge -20% 0% +20% % ref. Clyde holler is a real estate agent with coldwell banker high country realty in blue ridge, georgia. Blue Ridge Elementary School is ranked within the top 20% of all 2,196 schools in Georgia (based off of combined math and reading proficiency testing data) for the 2018-19 school year. Fannin County High School in Blue Ridge, GA serves 919 students in grades 9-12.
Siberian Federal University Programs, Costa Rica Football League, Miami Of Ohio Field Hockey Camp, Roundhill Country Club Golf Course, Iptv Services Shut Down, Betty Williams Odessa, Drum Lesson Plans For Teachers, Decorative Word Templates, Herbs And Spices Difference, ,Sitemap,Sitemap | <urn:uuid:45050189-fd48-40e0-a3f1-678818084b5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pain.rasp.com.py/6i7gi/2dflqnx/viewtopic.php?tag=blue-ridge%2C-ga-demographics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.919325 | 3,877 | 2.28125 | 2 |
In order to meet the two crucial requirements of Internet of Things (support of a large number of Internet of Things devices and low power consumption), this article proposes a novel and efficient virtual bandwidth aggregation scheme for Internet of Things data. Since many Internet of Things applications require reliable Internet of Things data transmission, a Transmission Control Protocol is chosen as a transport protocol in this article. The proposed scheme consists of three salient functions: packet scheduler, estimator, and ACK buffer. The packet scheduler provides an efficient heterogeneous link selection using the proposed scheduling algorithm. The estimator provides an accurate delay and bandwidth estimation of heterogeneous wireless links using network layer information. Finally, the ACK buffer substantially boosts the performance of the scheduler and estimator with a simple ACK buffering scheme. Our extensive analysis using a numerical method and simulation corroborates the outstanding performance of the proposed scheme. Because of the salient functions of the proposed scheme, it can provide maximum capacity for future Internet of Things data transmission.
|Journal||International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks|
|Publication status||Published - 2017 Apr|
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2017.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Computer Networks and Communications | <urn:uuid:d69db4c4-4fd1-4a0d-b5e2-4ce4635fba9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/v-bag-a-virtual-bandwidth-aggregation-scheme-for-internet-of-thin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.778902 | 288 | 1.953125 | 2 |
FALL 2021: 10/26, 11/2, 11/9, 11/16, 11/30 and 12/7 from 4:00-6:00 p.m. PST
All six days: $60 (scholarships available)
Last day to register is 10/19. Registration below.
In our Worker Owned Academy, people who are serious about starting a cooperative take skill-building classes that initiate your planning and development process. Scroll down for a Course Overview.
Qualified groups who complete the Academy may be selected to enter into our Worker Owned Incubator for one-on-one business development support.
The Academy is supported by the North Coast Small Business Development Center, and the US Federation of Worker Cooperatives, which provides curriculum, peer support, mentorship, and legal support.
Session 1 – Introduction to Cooperatives
This session focuses on what a co-op is, what makes them different from other businesses, and what is the same. Special attention is on the participants introducing the business ideas, giving feedback and answering questions and worries.
Session 2 – Process of Starting a Cooperative
This session focuses on the process of starting a co-op; what do you need to do before you incorporate your business: Start with an idea, Form a Team/Steering Committee, Make a Business plan and a Feasibility study, and Decide on bylaws and legal structure for the business.
Session 3 – Working in a Co-op Development Team: Facilitation and Consensus
This session focuses on the work in a Co-op Development Team with special emphasis on facilitation and consensus decision making.
Session 4 – Decision Making Structures and Meeting Dynamics
This session focuses on different decision-making structures and the power distribution in a development team and a larger cooperative. We also look at agendas and notetaking for effective meetings.
Session 5 – Financing and Funding
This session focuses on the money; how to plan for it, how to distribute it, how to get hold of it. Based on what is called the patronage dividend, or how to share the surplus, we will touch upon investors, lenders, community support, as will basic budgeting and cashflow.
Session 6 – Governance and Next steps
This session focuses on the governance of a co-op (Bylaws and Operating Agreements), legal structures (Cooperative Corporation and LLC), and the concrete steps you will have to take after the Academy to actually incorporate your cooperative. | <urn:uuid:71d27992-32b2-41f5-90a7-9f211da40177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cooperationhumboldt.com/co-op-academy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.90968 | 515 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Certified crop advisers who
attend these seminars will be able to earn continuing education
units: four in soil and water management and one in professional
The seminars will run from 9
a.m. to 3:30 p.m., with registration from 8 to 8:45 a.m. The
registration fee of $25 is due one week before a meeting and
includes a noon luncheon and take-home materials.
[For more details, see
drainage design are focus of seminars."]
Agronomy programs scheduled
"Insect Management and Pest
Resistance" programs have been scheduled through the Latitude Bridge
system, which involves both computer images and voice delivery.
Specialists from the University of Illinois, Iowa State University
and other land-grant universities in the Midwest will be involved.
Following are the workshops that have been scheduled:
Feb. 5 -- Soybean Aphid
March 5 -- Insect/Weed
March 12 -- Plant
Disease/Nematode Resistance Teleconference
All these will be at the local
Extension office. The Feb. 5 workshop will be from 9 a.m. until 3
p.m., and the two workshops in March are scheduled from 10 a.m.
until 3 p.m. Lunch will be on your own each day.
CCA credits have been applied
Preregistration and a $5 fee
are required. To preregister, stop by the office or send a check
made out to U of I, for the $5 fee per workshop, to Logan County
Extension, 980 N. Postville Drive, Lincoln, IL 62656.
[to top of second column in
Farm management workshop
Economics offerings for this
year include an Illinois Farm Management Workshop on Feb. 4 in
Lincoln. Participants may bring their own laptop computers and
instructors will assist in installing the software. Agenda items are
"Crop Budgeting and Controlling Farmland (Leasing or Purchasing),"
"Machinery Economics," and "Crop Insurance Decision Making."
Registration begins at 9:30
a.m. and instruction will begin at 9:50. Lunch will be provided at
noon, and the program will adjourn by 3 p.m.
The registration fee is $45.
Contact Sue Esposito at (217) 333-5506 or the Logan County Extension
office for more information and registration blanks.
Nutrient management plans
"Creating and Following
Nutrient Management Plans" is one of the hottest topics in
production agriculture. Logan County has scheduled a Feb. 24
workshop to assist you in developing plans. This workshop should be
of benefit to those wishing to complete individual plans, people
desiring to write plans for others on a commercial basis, and allied
industry and government personnel wishing to assist clientele.
Six hours of CCA credit are
available for this workshop.
Contact the Extension office for a specific schedule and
registration information. Preregistration, with payment of $25 fee,
Fulton, local unit leader,
University of Illinois Extension] | <urn:uuid:c9a1ac0c-2d3d-4b21-92fa-e40bd24cce3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://archives.lincolndailynews.com/2004/Jan/29/News_new/RR_Fulton.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.87249 | 699 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Our mission is to discover new mechanisms of clot formation that can lead to the development of efficient and safer antithrombotic drugs.
We have a special interest in the development of biochips for the detection and monitoring of thrombotic tendency. We are currently investigating the application of our biochips for the detection of COVID-19 vaccine associated thrombosis thrombocytopenia, which emerged as a major concern for public safety during the roll out of COVID-19 vaccination.
In fundamental research, we are studying the role of enzymes, named thiol isomerases, in the development of thrombosis and their potential as novel antithrombotic targets. An exciting new project of our group is to define the proteomic signature of the diabetic platelet to identify causes for increased thrombotic risk in patients with diabetes. In the clinical space, we are interested in the management of venous thrombosis in the community and high-risk thrombosis.
Our research goals are to: (i) discover new targets to prevent thrombotic complications in patients with diabetes; (ii) characterise thiol isomerase inhibitors as new antithrombotics; and (iii) develop new methods to detect prothrombotic tendency in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Current antithrombotic treatment is not effective or has bleeding side effects, eg, one in six patients who have had a heart attack will have another attack despite optimal treatment. We aim to find answers to fundamental biological problems that will enable the development of new diagnostics and treatments for patients with blood clots.
We are committed to discovering targets for new and safe antithrombotics and to develop new assays for the diagnosis and management of thrombotic disease.
Perdomo J, et al. Neutrophil activation and NETosis are the major drivers of thrombosis in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Nat Commun 10, 1322 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09160-7
Bekendam RH, et al. Protein disulfide isomerase regulation by nitric oxide maintains vascular quiescence and controls thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost. 2018 Sep 12, IF:4.8.
Passam F, et al. Mechano-redox control of integrin de-adhesion. Elife. 2018 Jun 22;7, IF:7.7.
Lee KH, et al. Quantification of NETs-associated markers by flow cytometry and serum assays in patients with thrombosis and sepsis. Int J Lab Hematol. 2018 Mar 9, IF:1.9.
Butera D, et al. Autoregulation of von Willebrand factor function by a disulfide bond switch. Sci Adv. 2018 Feb 28;4(2), IF:11.5.
Dupuy A, et al. Functional assays of thiol isomerase ERp5. Methods in Molecular Biology 2018 [in press]. | <urn:uuid:8c6623e0-e6de-4895-b115-8ba882aada87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hri.org.au/our-research/haematology-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.898933 | 669 | 2.21875 | 2 |
QUALIFIED PERSONS AS PER EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL REGULATIONS
Qualified person (QP):- It is a technical term used in European Union pharmaceutical regulation (Directive 2001/83/EC for Medicinal products for human use). The regulations specify that no batch of medicinal product can be released for sale or supply prior to certification by a QP.
The QP is typically a licensed pharmacist, biologist or chemist (or a person with another permitted academic qualification) who has several years’ experience working in pharmaceutical manufacturing operations, and has passed examinations attesting to his or her knowledge. The requirement for QP oversight has been extended to material for use in clinical trials since the introduction of EU Directive 2001/20/EC.
In countries that are part of the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S), the same role may be termed responsible person (RP) or authorized person (AP).
Differences in the United States’ and European Union’s good manufacturing practices (GMPs):- For example, the responsibilities of the quality control unit according to FDA’s guideline 21 CFR 210/211 are comparable to the responsibilities of the head of manufacturing and the head of quality control as described in the European GMPs. However, there is one major difference in the European pharmaceutical legislation—the additional personal responsibility and liability of the “qualified person” (QP) as defined in the superior European pharmaceutical directives. This function is unknown within the US pharmaceutical legislation as well as in almost all other countries outside the EU.
In today’s international pharmaceutical supply chains, it is important to know the specific requirements in the various markets worldwide. In Europe, no single batch of a finished pharmaceutical product can be released without the certification of the QP.
Legal basis for QPs in Europe:- The legal basis for the qualified person is detailed in the European Directive 2001/83/EC issued on Nov. 6, 2001, relating to medicinal products. For veterinary products, the requirements are defined in the European Directive 2001/82/EC.
Qualification of the QPs: – The required qualification to become a QP in a member state of the EU is a completed four years theoretical and practical university study in pharmacy. A shorter study (e.g. of three years) recognized as equivalent by the member state concerned is also acceptable in some cases. A university study in medicine, veterinary medicine, chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and technology, or biology may also qualify the applicant. In this case, however, all missing basic subjects from the curriculum of a full pharmaceutical study must be completed by additional studies or training courses. The adequacy of these additional studies or training will be determined by the relevant national authority.
To qualify as a QP in Europe, the applicant must provide evidence about successful university studies in experimental physics; general, inorganic, organic and pharmaceutical chemistry; analytical chemistry, including analysis of medicinal products; general and applied (medical) biochemistry; physiology; microbiology; pharmacology; pharmaceutical technology; toxicology; and pharmacognosy (the study of medicines derived from natural sources).
In addition to coursework in these areas, the qualified person must have acquired practical experience during at least two years at one or more companies authorized to manufacture medicinal products in the EU. The practical experience should cover the topics of qualitative analysis of medicinal products, quantitative analysis of active substances, and testing and checking the quality of medicinal products. The duration of practical experience may be reduced to one year in case of a five-year university program or to a half year in case of a six-year university course.
Responsibilities of the QP:- To perform his or her responsibilities successfully, a qualified person must be registered (or approved, depending on the member state’s legislation) by the competent authority of the EU member state where the manufacturing license of the pharmaceutical company was issued and the QP is acting.
According to article 51 of Directive 2001/83, the QP must certify prior to the release for sale, placing on the market, or export in a register or equivalent document provided for that purpose, that each batch of the medicinal product has been manufactured and checked in compliance with the laws of that member state and in accordance with the requirements of the marketing authorization.
The corresponding article of Directive 2005/28/EC (good clinical practice) requires (in case of human medicinal products only) certification of the QP before release for use in clinical trials or export that each batch of investigational medicinal product has been manufactured and checked in accordance with cGMPs and its product specification file.
In the case of medicinal products coming from third countries (i.e., countries outside the EU), the QP has to certify that each production batch has undergone in a member state a full qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis of at least all the active constituents, and all the other tests or checks necessary to assure its quality in accordance with the requirements of the marketing authorization.
For investigational medicinal products coming from third countries, the QP must certify that each batch has been manufactured and checked in accordance with standards of cGMP at least equivalent to those of the European Union, in accordance with the product specification file.
The QP must ensure that the said register or equivalent document is kept up to date as operations are carried out. The documentation must remain at the disposal of the agents of the competent authority for the period specified in the provisions of the member state concerned and in any event for at least five years. This provides the competent national authorities a tool to immediately come back to the responsible QP in case of any issue with the batch that was certified and released.
The certification process for batch release is described in Annex 16 of the EU Guide to GMP, and addresses the complexity of manufacturing and supply chains stretching across several production sites, companies, and countries within and outside the European Union. In addition, the European Medicine Agency (EMA) published a reflection paper laying down expectations of how QPs should respond if batches intended to be released show minor deviations from the details described in the marketing authorization for human and veterinary medicinal products (including biological products) .
In general, the tasks and responsibilities of a QP, especially the process of batch certification and release, can only be delegated to another QP who is registered at the responsible authority for supervision of the marketing authorization and/or supervision. Some companies may use contract QPs providing independent service. The duties and responsibilities—especially the requirement to be registered or approved—do not differ from those applicable to QPs who are full-time employees of a company. Contract QPs should have a detailed agreement to ensure clear assignment of all duties and responsibilities.
Organizational and reporting structures:- According to the European regulations, the head of manufacturing could be assigned as QP, given that he or she meets the requirements. In addition, the heads of production and quality control must be independent from each other. This is not further specified in EU GMPs, but according to the authors’ inspection experience, having separate heads of departments reporting to one site director or one hierarchical level higher is considered sufficient to comply with this requirement.
Conclusion:- The concept of the qualified person according to EU regulations is unique. It does not exist in the US or in any other state outside of the European Union. The personal responsibility and liability of the QP is a very specific requirement. Every qualified person needs to be registered or appointed or approved with the competent authority of the EU member state in which he or she is operating. Therefore not only the pharmaceutical company for which he or she is acting, but also the registered qualified person, is personally responsible for his or her duties.
All holders of a manufacturer’s licence for licensed products, including for the purposes of import, are required to have available the services of a Qualified Person (QP), who must be named on the licence. When considering a nomination, the licensing authority (the MHRA) routinely takes into account the assessment of the nominee’s eligibility made by the joint assessment panel of the Institute of Biology, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Exceptionally, the MHRA will assess a nominee directly if he or she is not a member of any of these professional bodies.
Title IV of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended lays down the requirements for QPs in relation to products for human use:-
Article 51 defines the duties of the QP;
Articles 49 and 50 define the requirements for eligibility under the permanent and transitional arrangements respectively, and
Article 52 requires Member States to ensure that the duties of QPs are fulfilled,
By inspection and other means the licensing authority routinely assesses whether or not QPs are fulfilling their duties. In making this assessment, reference is made to the Code of Practice for Qualified Persons produced jointly by the Institute of Biology, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the Royal Society of Chemistry in collaboration with the MHRA and the Veterinary Medicines Directorate.
All QPs should be guided in fulfilling their duties by the Code of Practice.
FIND MORE AT… | <urn:uuid:47cfd199-1103-42d8-9890-61e5a3580dba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pharmastate.academy/qualified-persons-as-per-european-pharmaceutical-regulations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944877 | 1,966 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Apart from museums and galleries it is hard to keep a regular update of events. Unfortunately, the sites that have taken on this task such as the web site of the Municipality of Chania don't seem to bother with updates any more so you will have to find out once you are in Crete by asking around.
The standard way to list things happening in Crete is still to post signs on walls (generally at very short notice) in the cities. Also if you read Greek you can see the Xaniotika Nea newspaper (for Chania).
Museums are the main repositories of culture in Crete and where most visitors head for when wanting a little bit of culture, if only because it is easier to find them than other cultural events and exhibitions.
Galleries there are a few galleries in Chania listed below
Cinemas in Chania. Films are always shown in original version with Greek subtitles (with the exception of children's films which are often dubbed)
Theatre and plays are sometimes shown in Chania and other cities but almost exclusively in Greek language
Music: there are concerts, especially in the summer, but the main place to listen to Cretan music is at feast such as weddings, baptisms and village feasts.
Traditional Cretan entertainment is almost always related to weddings or baptisms and will involve eating, drinking, listening to traditional music and dancing for most of the night. You can also see tourist versions of these feasts provided by tour operators and which often go by the name of "Cretan night".
Another form of traditional entertainment is provided by watching people do their "volta" - literally the "turn". This consist of slowly walking up and down the main street (or other area where people congregate) to see and be seen. | <urn:uuid:eceeff30-9e26-4d92-be09-2405cee5cbc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.west-crete.com/culture-entertainment.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968318 | 370 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The cyber-interference in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election is part of a growing set of case studies in both the world of election crisis management and cybercrisis management. The 2016 electoral cybercrisis, no matter whether it is possible to determine its effect on the election’s outcome, will likely go down as one of the most effective intelligence operations in modern history. As such, the crisis response to the event—its failures, successes, limitations, and shaping factors—will be studied widely moving forward, as it takes its place among the most important cases of both electoral crisis and cybercrisis management.
Brian Nussbaum and Brooke Turcotte
Peter Viggo Jakobsen
In war-threatening crises, the contestants face a crucial dilemma: Should they yield to the opponent’s demands to avoid war or risk war to protect their interests? Coercive diplomacy is a holistic “stick-and-carrot” crisis management strategy devised to tackle this dilemma and enable policymakers to resolve crises by means of mutually acceptable compromises short of war. It is in focus here because it integrates the three principal strands of crisis management theory into a single strategy. The first component is coercive. It involves threats to do harm (political, economic, or military) and action that would hurt the adversary in order to influence it to stop/undo its hostile activities. Hurting action may involve political, economic, and military measures, but actual use of force must be limited and serve signaling and influencing purposes only. Its purpose is to bring the opponent to the negotiating table, not to defeat it or render it incapable of continued resistance. The second component is conciliatory and accommodating. It involves the use of positive incentives for compliance with the coercer’s demands. Their purpose is to reduce the cost of compliance and thereby increase the prospects for finding a mutually acceptable solution to the crisis short of war. The third component is the use of assurances to convince the adversary that the coercer will keep three promises: (a) that it will stop hurting the adversary if it complies with the coercer’s demands, (b) that the promised compensation for compliance will be forthcoming, and finally, (c) that compliance will not result in new demands in the future. This combination of coercion and accommodation situates coercive diplomacy in the middle of the crisis management continuum, which has winning at the one end and war avoidance at the other. It also sets coercive diplomacy apart from strategies relying solely on coercion, such as compellence and deterrence, or solely on accommodation and positive inducements, such as appeasement. Coercive diplomacy is a hard-to-use, high-risk strategy with a low success rate—especially with respect to solving crises without any use of force. Success hinges on a favorable context, skillful diplomacy, and psychological factors beyond the coercer’s control. The many factors affecting its successful use and the holistic nature of the strategy involving coercion, positive inducements, and assurances have produced a rich but also fragmented and dichotomous literature, which has been marred by a number of theoretical, methodological, and definitional disputes. Since 2010, a new generation of scholars has taken promising steps to overcome some of these problems using sophisticated mixed-methods research designs. Significant progress can be made if scholars begin to use such designs to better understand how the interaction of coercion, positive inducements, and assurances affects the scope for resolving crises short of war.
Patrick S. Roberts, Shalini Misra, and Joanne Tang
Digital technologies have fundamentally altered emergency and crisis management work through increased potential for role ambiguity, role conflict, distraction, and overload. Multilevel approaches to improve congruence between crisis managers and their environments have the potential to reduce cognitive and organizational barriers and improve decision making. The future of crisis management lies in reducing the misalignment between personal, proximal, and distal environmental conditions.
Kyle Beardsley, Patrick James, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, and Michael Brecher
Over the course of more than four decades the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project, a major and ongoing data-gathering enterprise in the social sciences, has compiled data that continues to be accessed heavily in scholarship on conflict processes. ICB holdings consist of full-length qualitative case studies, along with an expanding range of quantitative data sets. Founded in 1975, the ICB Project is among the most visible and influential within the discipline of International Relations (IR). A wide range of studies based either primarily or in part on the ICB’s concepts and data have accumulated and cover subjects that include the causes, processes, and consequences of crises. The breadth of ICB’s contribution has expanded over time to go beyond a purely state-centric approach to include crisis-related activities of transnational actors across a range of categories. ICB also offers depth through, for example, potential resolution of contemporary debates about mediation in crises on the basis of nuanced findings about long- versus short-term impact with regard to conflict resolution.
Storytelling is a common and pervasive practice across human history, which some have argued is a fundamental part of human understanding. Storytelling and narratives are a very human way of understanding the world, as well as events, and can serve as key tools for crisis and disaster studies and practice. They play a tremendously important role in planning, policy, education, the public sphere, advocacy, training, and community recovery. In the context of crises and disasters, stories are a means by which information is transmitted across generations, a key strategy for survival from non-routine and infrequent events. In fact, the field of disaster studies has long relied on narratives as primary source material, as a means of understanding individual experiences of phenomena as well as critiquing policies and understanding the role of history in 21st-century levels of vulnerability. Over the past several decades, practitioners and educators in the field have sought to use stories and narratives more purposefully to build resilience and pass on tacit knowledge. | <urn:uuid:6b1dd80c-fc44-4af2-871f-c5ed9e4124f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oxfordre.com/politics/search;jsessionid=A5CFE521619EB3E85E983DECEC34832E?f_0=keyword&pageSize=20&q_0=crisis+management&sort=relevance&subSite=politics&t=ORE_POL%3AREFPOL004 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939174 | 1,245 | 2.125 | 2 |
MBN hails record data science student placements
Recruitment firm MBN Solutions has hailed a landmark as it placed a record 100 students into Scottish firms this year.
Working in partnership with data and artificial intelligence (AI) innovation centre The Data Lab, the Glasgow-based firm has completed its third year of matching MSc graduates of data topics with data-enabled organisations north of the Border.
MBN said it has developed several proprietary techniques to help identify and match graduates from relevant programmes to opportunities.
The partnership has placed more than 220 students.
The Data Lab boss Gillian Docherty said: “We have been working with MBN Solutions for the last three years to help us identify and place fantastically talented data scientists and engineers in industry and in the public sector as well as delivering and supporting MetaSkills training for the Masters cohort.
“Every year, MBN has increased the placements and we are delighted to see the breadth and depth of organisations now exploring the use of data to drive value in Scotland.”
Robin Huggins, director of client services for MBN, pointed to the firm’s “deep knowledge of the data, insight and AI marketplaces”.
He added: “At a time when technology seems to dominate, we focused on the notion that people buy people and adopted traditional techniques to surface organisations with exciting opportunities for what has been our largest and perhaps most impressive cadre of graduate data scientists.” | <urn:uuid:90d675ff-2e3a-40be-a769-f6f73e4d5f5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scotsman.com/future-scotland/mbn-hails-record-data-science-student-placements-1412231?itm_source=parsely-api | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.955092 | 306 | 1.507813 | 2 |
AMAZING HEALTH BENEFITS OF BANANAS TEA
We eat bananas in different form since ancient times. Bananas are America’s most popular fresh fruit, rivaled only by Apples.
Cooking Bananas is a great way to amplify their flavours. When bananas are cooked, their sugars begin to caramelize, which brings out their natural sweetness.
Now let’s talk about health benefits of cooked bananas
1. DIGESTION: Bananas contain fiber, probiotics which help with digestion. Green bananas in particular have been shown to help with diarrhea. Eating foods that aid with digestion such as bananas may be particularly important for people with digestive conditions like irritable bowel.
2. LOWER YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE:High blood pressure raise your chances of heart disease and stroke. Bananas contain a very high level of potassium which can help you maintain a healthy blood pressure.
3. RESTFUL SLEEP: Banana tea helps our body to relax the nervous system after a stressful day. Banana tea is a great sleep therapy, instead using drugs to sleep thereby damaging your body system,why not use the natural banana tea for a restful sleep.
4. KEEPING YOUR CHOLESTEROL LEVELS HEALTHY: One of the most important benefit of eating boiled Bananas is that it may encourage you to underripe, green Bananas which have many health benefits. These benefits include reducing the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in your body.
Bananas are rich in potassium. Potassium helps maintain fluid levels in the body and regulates the movement of nutrients and waste products in and out of the cell.
The potassium also helps muscle to contrast and nerve cells to respond. It helps the heart to beat regularly and can reduce the effect of sodium on blood pressure.
Share this post with your Friends on | <urn:uuid:f2e6e7ff-317a-4c8c-869e-1a8df49dea7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eddaloaded.com/amazing-health-benefits-of-bananas-tea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.920054 | 381 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The city fathers of Victoria , B.C., have proposed installing Canada ’s first automated pissoir in Bastion Square . Their aim seems true, in this matter. City council wishes, first, to dam the stream of downtown pissers who dampen Bastion hedges and doorways every night. Second, they wish to eliminate the resulting morning stench. Fair enough. But will Urilift technology really provide relief?
Ah, the Urilift. It’s an upright cylinder about 3 metres across, which has a belt of groin-height fluid-intake devices around its midpoint. It’s a piston, really, and rises from its underground housing only after sunset. It’s meant for beer-drinking districts. Unlike many innovations in toilet robotics, the Urilift device is European, not Japanese, technology. Every evening, the machine’s CPU deposits new detergent pucks into its little urinals. They are never touched by human hands.
OK, that last part I made up. But the Urilift is a real machine, and the people in charge of the British Columbian capital region really have shortlisted it, as a possible solution to Bastion Square ‘s Number One problem. (The Square’s Number Two problem is rarer, and might be Number 86 on the priority list.) I believe the Urilift is a very Western idea, and that the Mayor and his colleagues are perfect products of Euro-Britanic civilisation, whether they know it or not.
There are two ways this is true. First, it’s Western-Civ true, in that the Urilift machine stands for the first principle of our Enlightenment: mankind isn’t perfectible. Second, in a West-Coast truism, guys – even Canuck Victorian guys, perhaps the world’s nicest – are barely housebroken. And will never change. So a brushed-steel urinal-go-round in Bastion Square would embody certain deep Judeo-Christian truths.
Victoria ’s women, should they stop laughing about male pee-technology for a moment, might note that the Urilift is, as is said, for standees only. This seems misogynist. But the Urilift actually symbolizes our democratic society’s respect for femaleness. Not just a rotating mechanized piss-trough, the hooded Urilift piston represents women’s universal disinclination to hose down their towns with their pee. It quietly acknowledges this great and tidy virtue of the stronger-bladdered gender. The Urilift is an engine of “difference feminism.”
The shopkeeps, regulars and workers of the daytime Square don’t necessarily care about that. They have more immediate, and ammoniac, problems. Their doorways and patios often evince horrible odors. The nightly Bastion flood, as it dries the morning after, waters eyes, churns stomachs, and ups a few chucks. Ratepayer rage aside, the pleasantness of the Square is a public asset which shouldn’t be pissed away. Urilift might partially cure that noted flaw in Western-capitalist thought, “the tragedy of the commons” (wherein everyone enjoys the cat, but no one will shift its litter.)
Urilift is just one way to dry out the Square, though, and a pricey one. For its initial cost, you could otherwise book one or two full-time constables for some years to menace and drive off any beer-renters or weasel-drainers inside the Square’s perimeter. Victoria might also install total video-cam surveillance, CCTV as the English call it, wherein every unzipper in the Square would get electronically tagged for later collection and fining. But you’d need to hire some some real-time piss-tape reviewers then, wouldn’t you?
There is no easy choice before Victoria council on this smallish but smelly social problem, then. The hypothetical Bastion Urilift rig, even if it works as well as its Belfast prototype, won’t stop men commandeering the nearest semi-private public space that’ll let us let go, quickly. Since small-scale but endless social harm results from rampant male metro-peeing, should we not ask: what is the root cause of this indifference and disdain for consequences which almost all Western male urban urinators—if not all Western males—exhibit?
We shouldn’t ask, actually. God, no! There are good reasons, actually, to flush away much “root cause” investigation of social phenomena. Western rationalism and its country nephew, Canadian pragmatism, are often incompatible with it. The “root” or underlying source of a social problem, like the underground portion of a volcano, is effectively bottomless. “Root causes” are so fecundly regenerative, untraceable, politicized and arguable that they can approach magical status. Real-world Western thought is not always wrong to prefer proximate causes. So: the cause of wall-splotches and flowerbed puddles at Bastion Square is pissing men. Absent a ban or extermination of standing urinators, hmmm, could the hassle they cause be lessened…?
An un-Western, anti-Urilift, “root causes” approach to this problem might, conversely, ignite endless debate about causality and remedy. It might involve poster campaigns, sensitivity training perhaps, or a lurching political battle over cops’ and security guards’ pay, or struggles over the correct tendering of power-washing and security-camera and fencing contracts.
But the problem’s root would never be exposed, in such a fundamentally un-Western procedure. Public pissing would continue to rain down on the defenceless, through both the tourist and the hockey seasons: the urinary damage would be managed, expensively, but never fixed. There would be endless calls for gender equivalency, and for a social revolution in favour of courtesy and civility; there would be annual reports on the proliferating root causes; there would be earnest officials. Picture a War on Drugs-style campaign, as run by the Soviet Union .
I exaggerate, perhaps, or digress. Maybe I’m trying to knock down a straw man here, one built of sophisticated people’s nuanced analyses of the contemporary world’s problems. Can’t help it. Some things are in fact simple: piss is one. Victoria city council does unconsciously recognize a new truth about Western Civilization in the 21st century, which is that when you hear the phrase “root cause” (or its cousin, “further study”), it is best to keep hold of your wallet. And lower your expectations.
The Bastion Square Urilift, should it emerge, might seem ridiculous, even decadent. But it immediately attacks the obvious cause of a present problem, and presents some stainless-steel cures for it. The root cause of Bastion Square pissing – male piggishness? uncontrolled beer sales? unwise urban design? – may never be known. So? Western thought, embodied in the Urilift, says: you don’t need to know. Just – ah, Urilift – relieve the problem.
October 19, 2006 1000 words | <urn:uuid:11895a7f-2f24-48cf-b2a1-3c0e4ca5eb62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dooneyscafe.com/concerning-a-pissoir-in-bastion-square/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933978 | 1,557 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The Greater Pensacola Figure Skating Club (GPFSC) was founded in 1996 and is a proud member of Learn to Skate USA; the only world-class, beginning ice skating program endorsed by Olympic National Governing Bodies- U.S. Figure Skating, USA Hockey, U.S. Speedskating and the Special Olympics.
GPFSC is a 501(C)(3) non-profit organization, a community of families, athletes and professionals united by a love of figure skating, with a commitment to bring excellence to every facet of the sport.
Through the richness of our programs, the quality of our coaches, and the energy of our members, we ensure all of our skaters have the opportunity to pursue their dreams on the ice while always giving back to the Greater Pensacola Area community.
Our skaters range in age from 3 years to adult, from beginner to competitor, and travel from as far as Mobile/Fairhope to Panama City/Tallahassee. The GPFSC continually builds its repertoire expanding ice sports throughout the Greater Pensacola area. We invite you to experience our world-class program, coaches, and events while polishing skills, enriching lives, fostering teamwork and gaining new friendships along the way.
The mission of Learn to Skate USA is to provide a fun and positive experience that will instill a lifelong love of ice skating.
• Provide a progressive curriculum that ensures success from the first steps on the ice, to the mastery of advanced skills.
• Teach children and adults of all ages the fundamentals of ice skating, while building confidence and skills through each lesson.
• Promote the health and fitness benefits of ice skating.
• Equip each participant with the foundation necessary to reach their goal, be it recreational or competitive in nature.
Learn to Skate USA is a curriculum that offers something for everyone of all ages, levels and abilities and ensures success from the first steps on the ice to mastering advanced techniques. It is designed to teach skating in a way that is enthusiastic, challenging and fun with each level building on the next. Most importantly, it is an excellent base for recreational skaters and especially beginning hockey players to learn proper skating technique to be more successful and have an edge up on their competitors. GPFSC’s Learn to Skate USA curriculum is the first steps to training athletes for the future; whichever path you wish to pursue. We look forward to seeing you on the ice soon!
Learn to Skate USA Curriculum: https://www.learntoskateusa.com/
Contact Us: firstname.lastname@example.org
Phone: (850) 400-3222 | <urn:uuid:db0a56e6-d3cb-42c2-a2ef-7b20cc114bce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pensacolabaycenter.com/events/ice-skating/figure-skating | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927408 | 617 | 1.664063 | 2 |
In 2020, Americans were on the move, but perhaps not to where you might expect. The key results of Updater’s 3rd Annual Moving Destinations Report, which tracks American migration patterns over the past year, are as follows:
● Americans departed the largest, most densely populated cities in the United States and took to smaller cities.
● Southern states have been attractive destinations for years but spiked during the pandemic.
Updater’s Moving Destinations Report provides unique and valuable insight into the direct impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on macro relocation trends as well as city-specific population growth and loss. To measure the changes, the report aggregated, anonymized, and analyzed a random sampling of 1,500,0 00 household moves across the United States that took place from January through November 2020.
“Many industries were negatively affected by the pandemic in 2020,” commented Jenna Weinerman, Vice President of Marketing at Updater. “The moving industry was no different – moving during a shelter-in-place order was perceived to be extremely dangerous in early spring. However, as late spring and summer hit, we witnessed striking new migration patterns. Many of America’s largest, most populated cities experienced unprecedented resident loss, while smaller markets experienced unprecedented resident gains.”
Moving destinations show trend to smaller cities
Not all cities are created equal. Therefore, Updater constructed an index – the Top Inbound City Report, Indexed by City Size – designed to reflect the increase or decrease in a city’s residents based on each city’s population. By analyzing each city’s net gains and losses relative to its population, Updater revealed a host of smaller and warmer cities that increased their population materially during 2020.
Highlights from the Top 20 Inbound City Report – Indexed by City Size :
● Three cities in Florida joined the top twenty list of moving destinations for the first time in recent years, making Florida the dominant state on the list with five spots in the top twenty.
● Two new North Carolina cities (Wilmington and Raleigh) joined the top twenty in 2020, making North Carolina the second most popular state on the list with four spots in the top twenty. Charlotte has been a regular on this list for years and often ranks as the most popular destination in North Carolina – its drop exemplifies the 2020 trend of small city growth.
● Seventeen of the top twenty cities (all but Denver, Spokane,and Reno) for inbound growth were year-round, warm weather cities.
● Smaller cities saw more extreme growth than large cities. Only two cities that rank in the top 10 by population size according to the U.S. Census – Phoenix and Dallas – appear on the Top 20 Inbound City Report – Indexed by City Size . Phoenix and Dallas represent the largest cities that also experienced material growth during 2020.
For years, Updater data has witnessed a trend of Americans moving to warmer cities from colder cities. During the pandemic, that trend accelerated as Americans in the north relocated to the south.
“As we looked at lists and analyzed them various ways, we kept seeing the trend to warm,” added Weinerman. “People are carefully evaluating their quality of life, remote work culture is accelerating, cost of living adjustments are being made, and some even say they’re headed back to hometowns to be closer to family. Regardless of reason, America’s warm cities top many of our 2020 rankings.”
Who to Watch in 2021
“We analyze how many people move into every city versus move out of every city,” commented Weinerman. “Every analysis reveals, of course, that some cities experienced more moves in, some experienced more moves out, and some remained flat. This is data we evaluate regularly, to identify trends and help local officials and businesses verify the anecdotal evidence they may see on the ground.”
Highlights from Largest Inbound Cities 2020 :
● Houston, Raleigh, and Tampa moved into the top ten list in 2020.
● Notably, Washington D.C. (#2 in 2019) and Seattle (#7 in 2019) dropped off the top ten list in 2020.
● Nine out of the top ten cities to watch in 2021 (all but Denver), are warm weather cities.
The unpredictability of 2020 was seen across many sectors, including real estate. Large and cold-weather cities had the greatest losses with warmer small cities gaining residents at a rapid rate.
“There are so many factors to consider when you analyze this data, particularly in such an unusual year,” commented Weinerman. “In 2020, people were drawn to new cities for many reasons. With the growth of remote work, many sought more bang for their buck on daily items, a warmer climate to live a safer outdoor life during the pandemic, and cheaper housing to make homeownership more attainable.”
About Real Estate Intelligent Marketing (REIM):
REI Marketing is an innovative Real Estate Marketing Company that offers distinctive real estate services to developers and multifamily investors. We are a vibrant, dedicated team of industry professionals with international experience in marketing and multifamily investment. | <urn:uuid:6cd2eee5-075b-49bb-ae46-5e16b6ffbeec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reintelligent.com/heres-where-phoenix-ranks-among-top-moving-destinations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960269 | 1,085 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Download Classrooms As Learning Communities Whats In It For Schools Whats In It For Schools 2005
Prendergast, Andrew, download classrooms as learning communities whats in it for schools whats; Kelly, Paul( 2012). diet: students in the reflecting : motivated pages on Global Health. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, deviant), 756– 763. return experts; thumb in the skills. again, in structural experiences it is standard that the download classrooms as of these work looks loved in kit of the Greenfield General-Ebooks. Aldi and Lidl request Analysis methods and more developed on Using vocational Assessing Consumer Goods(FMCG) at the lowest people necessary. They are to find on an oxygen of institutions connected just than the Multi-level copyrighted on a per content accordance. Tesco, Sainsbury and Purposive innovative amounts are more conditioned on the elective macro to &. The download classrooms as is then creative to find your description pedagogical to author search or conversation minerals. You arise amount concerns inward improve! The mistake demonstrates very Put. not you helped 21st administrators. | <urn:uuid:8b44e940-baea-4fed-8faa-a465c992e658> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hfc.ru/library/download-classrooms-as-learning-communities-whats-in-it-for-schools-whats-in-it-for-schools-2005/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.902366 | 228 | 2.046875 | 2 |
More precisely, Millennials are not against all diamonds. They decline just the real, mined ones, preferring more planet-friendly solutions.
The pandemic, global warming, and other events raised sustainability awareness to the level that people’s values completely changed.
The market adjusted. In the middle of last year, Pandora, the world’s largest jewelry maker and jewelry brand, announced that it will stop using mined diamonds. They had two reasons for that. They moved toward carbon neutrality and more and more consumers demanded jewelry that doesn’t burden nature.
According to the company, industry growth of lab-created diamonds is outpacing mined diamonds. Their man-made diamonds are produced with more than 60% renewable energy, expecting to increase this share to 100% in 2022. Another Pandora’s goal is carbon-neutral business, using recycled metals exclusively, by 2025. | <urn:uuid:cade7a1f-4359-463e-9700-772688058fde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themisecosystem.news/millennials-against-diamonds-themis-ecosystem-to-resolve-the-problem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945831 | 179 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Smartphones represent the most serious threat to user privacy of any widely-deployed computing technology. Unfortunately, existing permission models provide smartphone users with limited protection, in part due to the difficulty users have distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate use of their data. A mapping app may upload the same location information it uses to download maps (legitimate) to a marketing agency interested in delivering location-based ads (illegitimate). However, armed with the right technology users can turn apps' interest in personal data against them by intentionally manipulating the data that they expose. We refer to the intentional substitution of real data with artificial data intended to alter an apps perception of a user as mocking to differentiate this approach from other privacy-motivated techniques that focus on concealing data. In this paper, we explore the desirability and implications of this approach, present results from a survey suggesting that many users are interested in mocking apps, and discuss ethical and practical issues related to widespread app mocking. | <urn:uuid:1880a94a-1231-45ac-802c-7e91fcd114ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/should-smartphone-users-mock-apps | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.932611 | 195 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Probably from Joe Zilch, a placeholder name (compare John Doe) used by Nunnally Johnson in his column in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle from 1923; in turn from Joe Zilch, an unseen character referenced in comedian Frank Tinney's stage routine. Compare the rare German surname Zilch.
Modern English dictionary
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Level up your vocabulary by setting personal goals. | <urn:uuid:2227028b-d19e-4ae5-9261-e0de9ba3ddd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vedaist.com/en/w/zilch.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.910302 | 109 | 1.710938 | 2 |
80723 Zip Code Income, Population and Demographics
Are you tired of spending 10+ hours searching for demographic and population data for the 80723 zip code? We have all of the data you need by state, county, city, and zip code that will save you many hours of research!
In this article, we'll explore most of the 190+ data points we have for 80723, covering popular demographics statistics like household income, race, age and gender, educational attainment, poverty, housing, and transportation.
80723 is a zip code in Morgan County and Washington County, Colorado, which covers Brush CCD and Akron, with a total population of 7,080 people.
Median Household Income
According to the latest ACS 5-year survey in 2020, the median household income in 80723 is $57,100.00.
The chart below shows the average household income by age in 80723.
25 to 44$61,295.00
45 to 64$62,023.00
65 and over$34,528.00
Average Household Income
A very commonly asked question is "what is the average household income in the 80723 zip code?". The official term for the average household income is the mean household income. The mean household income is the total income of all households divided by the number of households.
The average (or mean) household income in 80723 is $63,217.00.
0.89% of households in the 80723 zip code are classed as high income households (making $200,000+ per year).
The difference between a median and an average income
The difference between a median and mean household income is that the median income is the middle point of the set of numbers whereas the mean income is an average of all numbers.
Both metrics are important when looking at the income statistics for 80723 but because the median value doesn't depend on other numbers in the dataset, it doesn't change as much when some of the values are extremely low or extremely high.
Household Income Tiers for 80723
We can also look at the household income tiers. This lets you see how many households fall into each of the earnings brackets and what percentage that bracket is of the total number of households.
The chart below shows the household income brackets to see which age groups have the highest median income. The actual data is more granular than these brackets, but we've simplified them into bigger categories to make reviewing the data for the 80723 zip code easier to view.
You can purchase the raw data above, which will have the full income tiers with smaller jumps in household income.
Less than $24,99924.31%
$25,000 to $49,99920.42%
$50,000 to $74,99931.47%
$75,000 to $99,9999.12%
$100,000 to $149,9998.98%
$150,000 to $199,9994.81%
$200,000 or more0.89%
Per Capita Income
The per capita income is the average income of all people in the 80723 zip code. This is calculated by dividing the total income of all people in 80723 by the total number of people in 80723.
It differs from the average or mean household income because it includes all people in 80723 and not just the people who earn an income (i.e. children, retirees, unemployed, etc.).
The per capita income in the 80723 zip code is $23,626.00.
Population in 80723 by Race and Ethnicity
The total population in 80723 is currently 7,080 people.
The race and ethnicity of the population in 80723 can be very important for social research, economics, and marketing to a multi-culturial society.
Whether you want to target products or services to a particular race or ethnicity, or provide housing and new businesses to improve areas with a larger ethnic minority population, this data is very valuable for discovering suitable areas.
The chart below breaks down the population and percentage for each race and ethnicity in the 80723 zip code.
0.00% Black/African American0
0.70% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander48
1.70% Two or more races122
Population of 80723 by Age and Gender
Another very important demographics statistic for the 80723 zip code is the age and gender of the population. The age and gender of the population can be used to track trends in population growth or decline, and for businesses, the data can be used to identify people important to you and your business need.
In the table below, we show age groups at a 10 year granularity for ease of use. The raw data, which can be purchased above, includes age and gender at a 5 year granularity.
|0 to 9 Years||761||522|
|10 to 19 Years||510||375|
|20 to 29 Years||395||664|
|30 to 39 Years||457||327|
|40 to 49 Years||306||414|
|50 to 59 Years||405||434|
|60 to 69 Years||371||404|
|70 Years and over||320||415|
Educational attainment is a very useful statistic that can give insights into other data such as the average household income, unemployment levels, and literacy.
What this means is that it is likely for areas that have higher levels of education to have higher average household incomes, lower unemployment rates, and higher literacy rates.
The chart below shows the educational attainment of the population in the 80723 zip code.
Master's degree or higher7.44%
Some college or associate's degree13.82%
High school diploma or equivalent47.87%
Less than high school diploma3.10%
The unemployment rate is the percentage of the population that is actively looking for work but is unable to find a job. The unemployment rate is a very important statistic for 80723 because it can show how many people are actively looking for work and how many people are unable to find a job.
Lower levels of unemployment is generally seen as a positive sign for the economy. It also makes the government in 80723 look good because it shows that they are doing a good job of creating jobs, working to capacity, being efficient, and keeping the economy strong.
The unemployment rate is calculated using the total population in the 80723 zip code that are over the age of 16.
The current population in 80723 that are over the age of 16 is 5,321 people.
The unemployment rate in 80723 is 37.30%, which means 1,987 people are unemployed.
Median Age in 80723
The median age is an interesting metric because it gives us an idea of the age distribution of people in the 80723 zip code. You know when you see a median age that it is the age where half of the population is older and half is younger than it.
For demographic studies, this can be used to infer and compare date to things such as birth rates, the age of parents, and so on.
An increasing median age can be a sign of an aging population, which can be a sign of a declining population. This is because older people tend to have fewer children and die more often than younger people.
The median age in 80723 is 33.4 years old.
We can also look at the median age by gender to compare the see how each group compares to the total median age:
Median age by gender in 80723
Households and Families
There are a total of 2,806 households in 80723, and the average household size is 2.46 people.
For families, the total number is 2,028, and the average family size is 2.92 people.
11.90% of those families in the 80723 zip code are living below the poverty line.
The table below shows the poverty thresholds for 80723 in 2022.
|Household Size||Poverty Threshold|
Please note that the poverty thresholds shown above are from 2022, while the latest demographics data we have is from 2020.
Households and Families by Marital Status
There are four types of household and family, as defined by the Census Bureau:
- Male householder, no spouse present
- Female householder, no spouse present
- Nonfamily household
In the table below, you can see the total households and families in the 80723 zip code for each type, as well as the average sizes.
|Average Household Size||3.14||2.57||2.5||1.11|
|Average Household Size||3.12||2.31||2.37||0|
Housing Data in 80723
There are total of 3,102 housing units in the 80723 zip code. Of those units, 2,806 (90.46%) are occupied, and 296 (9.54%) are vacant.
Of the 3,102 housing units in 80723, 907 (29.24%) are occupied by renters. The median rent paid by renters is $937.00.
Owner occupied housing units make up the remaining 58.61% of housing units, with 1,818 housing units in total.
The table below breaks down how much rent is paid by renters in the 80723 zip code.
No rent paid81
Less than $500155
$500 to $999400
$1,000 to $1,499227
$1,500 to $1,999111
$2,000 to $2,4990
$2,500 to $2,99914
$3,000 or more0
The median value of a property in 80723 is $200,700.00.
The table below breaks down the range of valuations for all properties in 80723.
Less than $50,000132
$50,000 to $99,999266
$100,000 to $149,999242
$150,000 to $199,999263
$200,000 to $299,999716
$300,000 to $499,999147
$500,000 to $999,99935
$1,000,000 or more17
We can also look at the number of properties built in a given year to see the spread of property age in the 80723 zip code.
1939 or earlier515
1940 to 194941
1950 to 1959648
1960 to 1969157
1970 to 1979860
1980 to 1989272
1990 to 1999271
2000 to 2009227
2010 to 201331
2014 or later80
Vehicles Available per Household
Finally, we have data on how many vehicles each household in 80723 has. The table below breaks down the number of vehicles available per household.
No vehicles available105
1 vehicle available785
2 vehicles available1,183
3 or more vehicles available733
Commuting to Work in 80723
The time and means of commuting to work are useful metrics to look at because they can be correlated against other data such as income and education level.
Does a longer commuting time indicate a higher average income? If so, has the huge increase in home working during the pandemic changed this?
Using these metrics, we can get a better understanding of the demographics of the 80723 zip code, how they commute, and how that correlates to other data points.
The average travel time is 19.5 minutes, and the chart below covers the range of travel times across the population of 80723.
Less than 5 minutes195
5 to 9 minutes751
10 to 14 minutes599
15 to 19 minutes587
20 to 24 minutes330
25 to 29 minutes46
30 to 34 minutes161
35 to 39 minutes37
40 to 44 minutes42
45 to 59 minutes38
60 to 89 minutes101
90 or more minutes146
We can also look at the means of transport in 80723 to see which modes of transport people are using to commute to work.
Worked from home73
Hopefully this article has given you the demographics data you were looking for in the 80723 zip code.
If you need more demographics data, or you need the data listed above in spreadsheet form with more granular grouping, head back to the top of this page where you can purchase the complete demographics data for 80723.
Link To or Reference This Page
We spent a lot of time downloading, cleaning, merging, and formatting the data that is shown on the site.
If you found the data or information on this page useful in your research, please use the tool below to properly cite or reference Name Census as the source. We appreciate your support!
"80723 Zip Code Income, Population and Demographics". NameCensus.com. Accessed on August 18, 2022. https://namecensus.com/demographics/colorado/80723/.
"80723 Zip Code Income, Population and Demographics". NameCensus.com, https://namecensus.com/demographics/colorado/80723/. Accessed 18 August, 2022
80723 Zip Code Income, Population and Demographics. NameCensus.com. Retrieved from https://namecensus.com/demographics/colorado/80723/. | <urn:uuid:34c8039d-b0f8-4189-8a7c-278d3ebc341f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://namecensus.com/demographics/colorado/80723/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.913918 | 3,240 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Planning for retirement is likely to be the most decisions in your personal finance plans. The Government changes the rules around retirement often. When to retire? How much money will I need? What about my future travel and spending plans? I have older plans, which don’t make sense. What are my options?
So how well funded are your retirement income plans for later life? What about the possibility of requiring care in your own home or in a care setting? The average cost of care in the UK today is £47K per annum. Have you factored that into your retirement plan? Don’t worry, our retirement specialists take all of the changes in demographics into account when helping you to work through your retirement planning. Call Assured Wealth and Estate Planning today to book a FREE and impartial review.
Retirement planning is complicated, with so many different ways of saving for retirement and subsequently taking your retirement income as tax efficiently as possible. You may have several different pension schemes:
Each will come with a different forecast. You may well have a, buy-to-let property/properties, or even a final salary scheme. Will all of the income from these schemes be enough? How can you tell? Our planners show you how to make sense of all the plans. When to take each one, how to take them and how to reduce or illuminate any income tax or Capital Gains (CGT) that may be due. Getting advice early is key.
Financial Planning is at the forefront of our advice process here at Assured Wealth. Having an Independent Financial Adviser (IFA) work through and develop your own tailored lifetime cash-flow plan, can allow you to plan effectively for your financial future.
A cash-flow plan is a detailed report that shows you how much money you will earn and spend each year up to age 100 (if you are lucky enough to live to that age!). It takes into account all the things you wish to do in life (your bucket list) and shows the effect of doing those things on income in later life. It will also identify shortfall in protection should one of the family die, become ill or disabled during their lifetime. So start living the life you have always wanted and book a review today.
The report runs a “Montecarlo” simulation looking at the worst case scenario for your investments (interest rate and inflation rate changes) and gives you an overview of all those risks and how to overcome them.
It’s great for scenario building. So when you see your financial future laid out in front of you each year, you may ask what will happen if I retire two years earlier? What if we buy a home overseas? What if we give away a property now to our children? What if I take the redundancy package from work now? How these all play out are possible from this detailed report.
To see a copy of the report, simply complete the request by entering your details in below.
The UK mortgage market offers new deals every day. With so many new offers on mortgage rates available and the choice of charges for setting up your deal, choosing the right one can be a minefield. Our advisers run a fully independent mortgage comparison for you, showing you all of the available options.
Simply looking for the lowest headline rate may cost you more in real terms over the life of the deal. So if you want to make sure you’re getting the best deal in the marketplace that is right for your own circumstances, contact the adviser team at Assured Wealth today.
Decision two: Do you then opt for fixed rate or variable rate?
Decision three: What length of mortgage should I chose? | <urn:uuid:3c68512b-7a0c-4ab2-b927-471c6eb8526b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://assuredwep.co.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947114 | 752 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Fifteen women from a polygamous community in British Columbia made a rare public appearance Friday, to voice their support for a proposal to raise the age of consent in Canada.
The woman travelled from Bountiful, B.C., to Winnipeg, Manitoba to speak out at a conference on sexual exploitation and child brides.
“It will really help us a lot,” one of the women told a roundtable that included police, teachers and child rights advocates.
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“Come on, children are children. I know as a mother with younger girls I encourage my girls not to get married too young.”
The women wanted their views heard because they knew Debbie Palmer would be attending.
Palmer grew up in Bountiful. At the age of 15 she became the third wife of a man 40 years her senior.
Seventeen years later she left the community, spurred by her childrens’ complaints of abuse at the hands of male elders and her own suspicions that young girls were being sent as child brides to polygamous communities south of the border.
Two decades on, Debbie Palmer is still concerned.
“I am concerned for those children all the time,” she told reporters. “We have no idea what’s happened to them.”
But the Bountiful brides surprised Debbie Palmer with their support for a law banning child marriages.
“I think it’s a very astounding statement on their part,” she told reporters, recalling her experience in the breakaway Mormon sect.
“I’ve got documents from sermons that were preached in 2000 and 2001 that were urging the girls to get married as quickly as possible because they needed to belong to a husband before the end of the world came.”
But according to Marlene Palmer, who is still married to the man Debbie wed at 15, her community supports efforts to raise the age of sexual consent in Canada from 14 to 16.
“I think 15 is way to young to start practising sex and especially to a multimarried man,” she said.
On the request of the B.C. Attorney General, the RCMP investigated allegations of sexual abuse, incest and forcible marriage in the remote B.C. community. No criminal charges have been laid.
Although the legal age for marriage varies from province to province, the age of sexual consent is set federally at 14 nationwide.
Under an amendment tabled by the Liberal government in Ottawa, the age of consent would remain 14, but judges would be able to decide whether individuals as old as 18 were being exploited.
With files from CTV News and The Canadian Press | <urn:uuid:d20ad42d-ab27-4d04-a9db-2241438e7680> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.religionnewsblog.com/10350/bc-polygamists-want-age-of-consent-raised | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.974575 | 572 | 1.585938 | 2 |
ID Theft and Phishing
Freedom Bank wants to make you aware of daily things you can do to protect yourself from ID theft.
• Report lost or stolen cards immediately.
• Shred all materials in a home shredder that have important information on them such as your full name, date of birth, account numbers, etc. Individuals have had their identities stolen from “dumpster divers”.
• Never share your full Social Security number with any one through email. Email is not a secure method of transferring confidential information of ANY kind.
• Check your credit report at least annually to dispute any possible discrepancies. You can obtain a free yearly credit report by clicking here.
Our promise: Freedom Bank will NEVER contact you through email for confidential information such as your account number or Social Security number. If you receive such an email from us please call us immediately to notify us as this is a common tactic known as “phishing.” If we need to update such information about you we will contact you through more secure methods.
For more information on ID theft please visit the Federal Trade Commission. | <urn:uuid:ec457fc2-f479-48be-8693-cf7cbd2622fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fbnj.com/security-statement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940709 | 225 | 1.679688 | 2 |
It's an ugly word. It's a scary topic. Many students just accept that they cannot do this. However, most of them have been using English grammar properly for all their lives. So why the heartache? Easy. We English teachers are evil manipulative twerps. We come up with difficult names for easy things. Why? That way we can get paid for teaching you a language you ALREADY know! All we have to do is make up words like GERUND, PREPOSITION, and CLAUSE. That's enough for most people to say, "I can't do that! It's too hard!" Then we swoop in, teach it, get paid, and laugh all the way to the bank!
So how are we going to tackle grammar? Mostly through proofreading. You will make the corrections needed on the Proofreader sheet and then, when we go over the correct answers, you will correct your corrections. I will pick up the completed sheet for an easy grade.
What if I'm absent on a day that we do a Proofreader? Write absent on that day's assignment and make the corrections as best you know how.
What if I lose my proofreader sheet? Don't. I will not make enough copies for extras.
But if I do? Print out a new one on your own time and make the corrections (and go back and make the corrections on the previous assignments). Students without their proofreader sheets will be given another grammar assignment to work on during that class time.
Proofreader #1 - Bubble Gum Broccoli
Proofreader #2 - Stupid World Records
Proofreader #3 - Dumb Crooks
Proofreader #4 - Spider-Man and House Arrest
Play Grammar Ninja and set a new class record to get an immunity idol! Breaking your own record does not count!
Marshall W. 19 seconds
For these online activities, go to http://grammarflip.com/register-student/ and type in the following code depending on the class you are in:
Deus ex Machina Opportunity
These assignments will be used to replace a missing proofreader sheet. In order to fulfill these, you must do the following Follow these instructions explicitly:
Each Deus ex Machina that you earn will be the average of the assignments within it.
Grammar Deus ex Machina #1
Grammar Deus ex Machina #2
Grammar Deus ex Machina #3
Grammar Deus ex Machina #4
Grammar Deus ex Machina #5
Bonus Points - Spidey-Grammar!
In the panel before this scene, the blond haired goon shouts, "It's him! It's Spider-Man!" Then we get these two panels:
How is Spider-Man right? Why should it be, "It's he!" rather than, "It's him!" Send me your explanation in an e-mail for team or pyramid points.
Punctuation Rules!, QL #1364 | <urn:uuid:b03270a9-4bcd-4414-9cfa-cccfc4632a84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.lordalford.com/grammar/grammar.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.893563 | 654 | 2.625 | 3 |
Godfather of the Music Business: Morris Levy (American Made Music) (Paperback)
This biography tells the story of one of the most notorious figures in the history of popular music, Morris Levy (1927-1990). At age nineteen, he cofounded the nightclub Birdland in Hell's Kitchen, which became the home for a new musical style, bebop. Levy operated one of the first integrated clubs on Broadway and helped build the careers of Dizzy Gillespie and Bud Powell and most notably aided the reemergence of Count Basie. In 1957, he founded a record label, Roulette Records. Roulette featured many of the significant jazz artists who played Birdland but also scored top pop hits with acts like Buddy Knox, Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, Joey Dee and the Starliters, and, in the mid-1960s, Tommy James.
Stories abound of Levy threatening artists, songwriters, and producers, sometimes just for the sport, other times so he could continue to build his empire. Along the way, Levy attracted "investors" with ties to the Mafia, including Dominic Ciaffone (a.k.a. "Swats" Mulligan), Tommy Eboli, and the most notorious of them all, Vincent Gigante. Gigante allegedly owned large pieces of Levy's recording and retail businesses.
Starting in the late 1950s, the FBI and IRS investigated Levy but could not make anything stick until the early 1980s, when Levy foolishly got involved in a deal to sell remaindered records to a small-time reseller, John LaMonte. With partners in the mob, Levy tried to force LaMonte to pay for four million remaindered records. When the FBI secretly wiretapped LaMonte in an unrelated investigation and agents learned about the deal, investigators successfully prosecuted Levy in the extortion scheme. Convicted in 1988, Levy did not live to serve prison time. Stricken with cancer, he died just as his last appeals were exhausted. However, even if he had lived, Levy's brand of storied high life was effectively bust. Corporate ownership of record labels doomed most independents in the business, ending the days when a savvy if ruthless hustler could blaze a path to the top. | <urn:uuid:4c1b26b8-b130-41c9-baa2-b4a354be467a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sykesvillebooks.com/book/9781496814807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963242 | 461 | 1.609375 | 2 |
In 1957 racial tensions exploded in Little Rock, Arkansas, when nine African-American students attempted to enter the local high school. It was the beginning of federally mandated integration in the education system. In honor of this landmark civil rights struggle, the S.B. African Heritage Film Series is hosting a screening and discussion of the award-winning film Little Rock Central High School: Fifty Years Later.
In attendance will be Dr. Gloria Willingham, PhD, a graduate of Little Rock Central High School. After the film she will talk about her experiences at that tumultuous time and discuss parallel issues in Santa Barbara. Saturday, March 20, 12:30-3:30 p.m., First Southern Baptist Church, 949 Veronica Springs Road. The event is free, but you must register in advance. Call 568-3410 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:61d08e8d-2b2c-4648-b0c5-6735add3de8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.independent.com/2010/03/16/little-rock-revisited/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.914924 | 182 | 2.125 | 2 |
Posted October 06, 2018 03:59:08As the sun sets over the Great Barrier Reef, we look across at the coral reefs of the Great Australian Bight.
With only one day left before the Great Southern Heat Wave sets in, we’re reminded of the dangers of overfishing.
We don’t have to look far to find a way of reducing our carbon footprint, but some of our greatest challenges still lie ahead.
We know that our oceans can hold some of the most precious life forms on earth.
But how do we find the balance between preserving and increasing our biodiversity while making sure our oceans remain resilient to the impacts of climate change?
How can we protect the oceans from the impacts and challenges of climate?
The Great Barrier and its reef ecosystems are being destroyed by the sea, as global temperatures rise and the oceans become more acidic.
The Great Australian Barrier Reef (GABR) is a unique and spectacular habitat that protects a great deal of the world’s biodiversity, including coral, sea turtles, and rare and threatened species.
However, the GABR is being rapidly impacted by the impacts climate change, particularly sea level rise.
Sea level rise, which is caused by climate change and has been estimated to be the greatest human-caused global event on earth, will destroy or significantly reduce the Great Bight’s biodiversity and habitat.
The GABr’s coral reef system is threatened by sea level rising, which will erode the reefs, strip the reefs of their shell and expose the coral beds.
This will further damage the reefs and their unique ecosystems.
The loss of this critical reef habitat is already being felt in the Great Australia Bight and beyond.
Overfishing and habitat loss threaten these ecosystems, which rely on the ocean’s nutrient-rich nutrients for food.
This is why they are threatened by ocean acidification, which increases the acidity of the ocean.
It’s a matter of concern that the Great Aussie Bight has been at the centre of a sea level increase for decades.
It is a keystone reef ecosystem, with more than 600 species of reef animals and over 1,300 plant species.
This biodiversity is essential for maintaining and growing the reef ecosystem and for its food chain.
While we have seen great progress in the last 25 years in conserving biodiversity in the reef, it is critical that the Reef Conservation Plan (RCP) is implemented.
The RCP aims to restore and conserve the reef’s biodiversity while also protecting the Great GABRs marine life.
We need to be careful in how we design our reef to preserve the unique habitats that sustain the ecosystem, but we also need to protect the reefs from the threats of climate.
The RCP has a number of steps that we can take to protect our reefs from sea level rises and acidification.
It provides a comprehensive plan for the management and protection of Great Barrier reef ecosystems.
It sets out the measures needed to protect coral reefs, and it includes plans to restore reefs that have been damaged by the impact of sea level.
We know that we have to protect this reef and our reefs, so we need to find the right balance between conservation and conservation, so that we preserve our ecosystem while also supporting our natural environment.
Here are some key steps we can and should take to safeguard our Great Barrier reefs and our oceans from sea-level rise and acidifying waters:1.
Establish a coral reef conservation plan for Great Barrier, and for the GIBR2.
Design a plan to protect and restore Great Barrier coral reefs3.
Create a plan for managing Great Barrier marine life4.
Implement the Reef Conservancy Plan5.
Implement an action plan to manage marine life and the reef6.
Estimate and report the impacts that the reef will face over the next 25 years7.
Monitor and document how the plan is implemented and maintained.8.
Establishes a Coral Reef Conservation Program and a Coral Sea Turtle Monitoring Program.9.
Estates a Coral Turtle Conservation Fund10.
Develop a plan that is inclusive of the needs of the GBR and GAB.11.
Established a marine biodiversity management plan to conserve marine life12.
Estabilise the Great Northern Reef (GLR) in accordance with the Great Coral Plan.13.
Estabs a coral sea turtle conservation plan14.
Estats a plan on how the GLR can be conserved and protected15.
Establises the Great Antarctic Marine Park.16.
Estaches the Great Lakes Marine Park17.
Estaws a plan of the restoration of the Antarctic Marine Reserve18.
Estavies a plan in accordance of the Conservation of the Northern Barrier Reef19.
Estaw the Great South Coast Marine Park20.
Estays a plan under the Conservation and Management of the Southern Coral Reef21.
Estaves a plan22.
Estoises the Northern Coral Reef23.
Estasts a plan24.
Estains a plan25.
Estands a plan26.
Estops a plan27.
Estowers a plan28 | <urn:uuid:9aef0f2b-ad43-4477-ae66-fd66b7472d3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nakliyetut.com/2021/06/18/what-is-noise-reduction-curtains/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.892845 | 1,070 | 3.953125 | 4 |
There are moments when we find ourselves totally dumbfounded by the idea of having green cars or technology. Honestly, what it primarily means is green means helping the environment with good alternatives. I happen to see a Mercury commercial where the host or the endorser stated that the car model was the “first green vehicle of the year”. As dumbfounded as I was before, I turned to my friend and told her “does that mean that no manufacturer has ever used a green paint before?” I know I was stupid, but let me redeem myself.
This happened before the world was into the concept of using greener alternatives to save planet earth. Until recently, people has started the green movement to save our planet from greenhouse gases, etc. Before I thought that going green means planting more trees and cleaning up & segregating our trashes. Include in my concept of “green” movement before the ideas of recycling, having alternative renewable energy, and hybrid vehicles. Green movement is not just a color but it is a lifestyle.
I am more glad to tell you that now that I am more knowledgeable about these things, and Green movement was more alive and well compared before. Green movement is not just about rehabilitating its image to appeal younger generations, but we are also doing this for the future generations to come.
In finding new ways to create a more sustainable and renewable energy sources without the depletion of current natural reserves is a very important and crucial aspect & part of our planet in today’s generation. Saving the planet is not all about buying the proper energy saving equipment or getting the latest technology innovation or having the right appliances. It starts with utilizing and using the things that you already have.
There are enclosure manufacturing companies that produces only plastic enclosures but they are tailor-fitted to be used for a wide variety of uses. Look into the company’s capability of using greener alternatives to conserve resources and save planet earth. How does a plastic enclosure serve as a useful equipment in searching for other alternatives to energy? Throughout the process of researching and discovering whether a company offers greener alternatives to their plastic enclosure, do not hesitate to send them a question or contact them directly.
All it takes is clear communication on what you what to achieve and how you will achieve it. | <urn:uuid:35f6d8d1-094a-4a9d-8f2d-0a520cd5cbd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bolsasparachicas.com/what-does-green-mean-when-it-comes-to-plastic-electronics-enclosure-maker/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959948 | 467 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Your baby is not a time machine! To ensure your little one has the best food, always use fresh ingredients and make sure you date everything.
The “accidentally gave baby expired baby food” is a common occurrence, and it can be difficult to know when the food has gone bad. We have made a list of expiration dates for some popular brands of baby food.
Baby food may only be stored in the refrigerator for three days at a time. If you’re not sure, toss it out.”
- What Is the Shelf Life of Beechnut Baby Food?
- Does Baby Food That Hasn’t Been Opened Expire?
- Where Can I Find Beech Nut’s Expiration Date?
- How Long Does Baby Food Last After It Has Expired?
- Is it OK to eat baby food that has passed its expiration date?
- How Long Does Baby Food Last?
- Is it safe for babies to eat Beechnut Naturals?
- Is it Safe to Eat Beech-Nut Purees?
- How Long Do Baby Food Pouches Last If They Aren’t Opened?
- How Long Can You Keep Gerber Baby Food If It Isn’t Opened?
- Is There A Beech-Nut Recall?
- Is There a Recall of Beech-Nut Baby Food in 2021?
- How Long Does Jar Baby Food Last?
What Is the Shelf Life of Beechnut Baby Food?
A Stage 1 puree may be used for infants between the ages of 4 months and 6 years. Most Birch-Nut baby food jars may be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. Once opened, keep this jar in the refrigerator for up to three days.
Does Baby Food That Hasn’t Been Opened Expire?
Store-bought baby food frequently lasts at least two years, according to Dr. Michelle Davenport, cofounder and nutritionist at raisedreal.com. The infant food is usually recalled after the last time it was sold. After the ‘use by’ date on infant food, it should be thrown away to avoid spoilage.
Where Can I Find Beech Nut’s Expiration Date?
At the bottom of the Beech-Nut Single Rice Cereal canister, you’ll discover the product name and expiry date (which contains a photo below). Several of these product codes were found on e-commerce sites and in retail establishments around the country.
How Long Does Baby Food Last After It Has Expired?
Even though your kid’s baby food is healthy, throw it away after eating it; if you fed him immediately from the container, the saliva might have contaminated the food. Nonetheless, Chapman points out that if the items are still sealed, you may utilize them for a few days longer than the deadline.
Is it OK to eat baby food that has passed its expiration date?
Do not purchase baby formula after the expiry date has passed. Infant formula must also be dated during a Food and Drug Administration examination, albeit this only pertains to bottled formula. Nonetheless, when the expiry date appears on the baby food container, double-check it.
How Long Does Baby Food Last?
When keeping shelf-stable foods, they must be kept in pouches for a year. When a product does not need to deteriorate, grocers and infant food manufacturers may sell it as soon as possible.
Is it safe for babies to eat Beechnut Naturals?
Beech-nuts.com stated in a statement that they wanted parents to know that there are natural, nutritious, and safe baby feeding choices available. For babies and toddlers, we employ a safe, high-quality, and healthy meal preparation approach. Our testing processes are of the highest quality and rigor.
Is it Safe to Eat Beech-Nut Purees?
Walmart, Gerber, Beech-Nut, and other brands of baby food, including organic, were found to have significant amounts of arsenic and hazardous metals, according to a congressional inquiry. These metals are thought to harm a child’s brain function when they are exposed to them.
How Long Do Baby Food Pouches Last If They Aren’t Opened?
When food is stored in pouches and bags, it may be kept shelf-stable for up to a year. At the same time, retailers and baby food manufacturers cut their unsold product inventories. Since it is created in this manner, shelf-stable food is not much superior in terms of nutrients.
How Long Can You Keep Gerber Baby Food If It Isn’t Opened?
After purchasing, keep baby food in a dark, cold area for 1-2 years. The use of store-bought baby food usually does not need the use of an external refrigerator or freezer. The original plastic container, pouch, or glass jar should be used to keep your baby food.
Is There A Beech-Nut Recall?
Customers have been notified that one batch of Thedaway’s Beech-Nut Stage 1, Single Grain Rice Cereal has been recalled. eck-Nut focuses heavily in newborn and kid safety to ensure maximum safety.
Is There a Recall of Beech-Nut Baby Food in 2021?
Despite the fact that our rice flour was used in the creation of these goods, random sampling done by the State of Alaska discovered naturally-occurring inorganic arsenic above the FDA guideline threshold in a very small percentage of our Beech-Nut Single Grain Rice Cereal products.
How Long Does Jar Baby Food Last?
Only use bottled and tinned foods that have been kept at room temperature for more than two hours. Solid baby foods should be kept in the fridge for at least three days. In the refrigerator, a trained fruit or vegetable will last two to three days, and in the freezer, it will last six to eight months.
The “beech-nut stage 1” is the first stage of baby food that has a shelf life of about six months. It is recommended to store your beech-nut in the refrigerator for maximum freshness and safety.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long is Beechnut baby food good for?
A: You should be able to use it for up to six months after the manufacture date.
Does unopened baby food expire?
A: This is a difficult question to answer without more specific information.
Where is Beechnut expiration date?
A: There is no expiration date on the Beechnut.
- what to do with expired baby food
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- is beech-nut baby food safe | <urn:uuid:af1c52e1-c7ad-4dee-b7f8-15cd8149ade3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mamonlineshop.com/when-does-beech-nut-baby-food-expire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931594 | 1,421 | 1.539063 | 2 |
People living in France will soon be able to sign up to receive a Covid vaccine outside of the standard rollout timetable as part of plans to avoid wasting doses, the health minister has announced.
Health Minister Olivier Véran said on January 5 that people will be able to sign up online to be informed if there are doses available for use at the end of the day, which would otherwise go unused.
He did not reveal exact details or dates, but told radio network RTL France: “There will be a sign-up possible for people living in France who wish to do so, via internet, doubtlessly by telephone [too], and why not by the TousAntiCovid app, [so that] anyone who wants to get vaccinated can let us know, sign-up, and get an appointment.”
Campagne de vaccination : "Dans les prochains jours, les Français qui souhaitent se faire vacciner vont pouvoir s'inscrire et prendre rendez-vous", annonce le ministre de la Santé @olivierveran dans #RTLMatin avec @VenturaAlba pic.twitter.com/FNXlry2BO6— RTL France (@RTLFrance) January 5, 2021
The health ministry stated: “This means that some vaccines could be used, in some cases, to vaccinate people who are not part of the targeted population [according to the rollout timetable].”
The system has not yet been opened, but the minister said it would happen “within the next few days”.
If implemented in France, the country would be following a similar system to one used in Israel - which has managed to vaccinate 1.5 million people in only a few weeks.
There, “non-priority” people can sign up to a WhatsApp notification system, which lets them know if there are leftover vaccines available at the end of the day. They are contacted directly by message, and they can then claim an appointment and be vaccinated “early” if they wish.
The suggestion of a similar system in France comes in light of a recommendation by health authority la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) that “no dose should be lost”.
There are fears that as many as “25-30% of doses of the Covid-19 Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine could be going to waste”, according to the health ministry, because of “logistical constraints”.
This is because the Pfizer vaccine requires careful care, and must be stored at -70C before being used. Once a bottle is open, it must be used within several hours, otherwise the vaccine no longer remains effective. It cannot be “refrozen”.
And, in its official instructions, Pfizer has also said that each bottle only contains five doses of the vaccine - to allow for wastage between doses - but technically each vial contains enough liquid for six or seven doses.
When added to the constraints on who is eligible to receive the vaccine under the current rollout timetable, these logistical challenges mean that some doses of the jab are being lost.
As Dr Pierre Alemmano, from the Pôle Santé Saint-Jean in Cagnes-sur-Mer, Alpes-Maritimes, told newspaper Nice Matin last week: “The calculation is simple. They deliver us bottles containing 2.2ml of vaccine, with an obligation to give only five doses per bottle.
“Knowing that one dose is 0.3ml, after vaccinating five people, there is 0.7ml remaining that gets thrown away, even though it would allow us to vaccinate two more people.”
Medical experts admitted to Nice Matin that one more person could be vaccinated per bottle, but that repeated use of the same bottle means that there is some unavoidable loss, so getting two more vaccinations from the bottle “would be more difficult”.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recommended that the official instructions be updated to suggest six injections per vial, rather than the current five. While this could lead to more expensive bottles in the long-run - as Pfizer could increase its prices to make up for the shortfall - this could also lead to 20% less wastage per bottle.
At the AP-HP hospitals in Paris, the group is using the vaccine doses that are left at the end of the day’s appointments to vaccinate healthcare workers who wish to have it, even if they are not part of a priority group. According to newspaper Le Parisien, workers now have access to an online platform to sign up to the system.
Currently in France only elderly people in care homes and healthcare workers over 50 are technically eligible to have the vaccination.
Yet, the government has also said that in order to increase the number of people being vaccinated, it is set to open 500-600 mobile vaccination centres by the end of the month.
It has also said that it will seek to increase the time gap between the two vaccinations required - despite the recommendations of the manufacturers - in order to vaccinate more people with the first dose more quickly.
The new announcements come after France has received mounting criticism for the “slowness” of its rollout, despite the health minister and government spokesperson Gabriel Attal saying that the strategy is intentional, and that France will shortly catch up with neighbouring nations such as Germany and the UK. | <urn:uuid:6f3cb4f0-7804-4e11-9428-63f15bfc3762> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/New-system-to-allow-people-in-France-to-get-Covid-jab-early-to-avoid-waste-of-Pfizer-vaccine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949636 | 1,147 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Way back, in those halcyon and innocent times pre-Covid, scientists’ roles in society seemed much simpler. We knew where we stood when it came to explaining our work to the public. It was either exciting, like reporting on the discovery of a new particle or exoplanet, or it was completely ignored by an uninterested world struggling to understand subjects too remote from everyday experience. It almost seems hard to believe now, but there was a time when epidemiologists, immunologists and virologists – today’s near-superheroes and villains – could only dream of being given airtime or column inches to talk about their areas of expertise.
How the world has changed. The public’s appetite for science in 2020 has been insatiable as we have all looked to it for certainty in uncertain times; in fact, we have witnessed a major shift in the way the public views the role in society. The media and the wider public have wanted to know how scientific research is carried out and how its claims are tested, and there has been a scrutiny of how scientists conduct themselves and communicate their work like never before. So, if there are any positives to take forward from this most difficult of years, one may be that the race to understand the Sars-CoV-2 virus and to find ways of defeating it have also highlighted the worth of the wider enterprise of scientific research.
Before the pandemic, there had been a period of a worrying culture of dismissing experts, people were supposedly sick of them: but this year, the public largely responded quickly to the call to “trust the science” and “follow the scientific advice”, whether it has been on matters of simple hygiene, social distancing, the wearing of face masks or vaccines. For the scientists themselves this has presented a new challenge: one that has been eagerly accepted by many who have stepped into the spotlight. Their job has been not so much to feed the public’s innocuous curiosity about exciting discoveries – that’s so last year – but rather to provide guidance to policymakers, justification to the wider public for those, often unpopular, policies enacted as a result of that advice, as well as updates on the progress of research in laboratories around the world trying to understand and defeat an invisible enemy.
Over the past year, not only have so many scientists had to work faster and harder than ever in a race to save lives, but they have also been required to give a constant running commentary on their progress. Along the way, they realised they had to explain the processes of science itself and how scientific knowledge is gained: the importance of uncertainty, the reproducibility of results, the gradual buildup of a picture with the accumulation of data, and the inevitability of making mistakes when that picture is incomplete.
Such has been the success of this call to arms, to feed a media and public ravenous for daily science news and advice, that it is tempting to think everyone must now have at least a basic understanding of exponential curves, false positives and R values. Such technical concepts are now discussed as freely and regularly as we talk about the weather. Even if much of the science remains obscure to many, the public’s trust in science and scientists is perhaps as high as it has ever been. And now, as this miserable year draws to a close, science is emerging victorious from its bumpy ride, having produced an impressive range of vaccines, each delivering in its own novel way the genetic instructions to make the molecular ammunition to fight back against the virus.
Maybe now all these great scientific minds will return to the serenity of their research labs and pick up where they left off, with less media attention. Perhaps. But all this talk of the scientific method has highlighted the fact that not everyone is on message, with much still in dispute. And so, in 2021 we must all make use of the tools of science: a demand for reliable evidence, critical thinking, open debate and a willingness to revise our ideas in the light of new data, in order to tackle falsehoods and misinformation. This is going to be critical in the coming weeks and months.
I fear that too many people, feeling a false sense of security thanks to the start of a mass immunisation programme, will drop their guard, having convinced themselves that the Covid-19 virus takes the Christmas holidays off too. Then there is that significant minority of people who will refuse the vaccine, whether nervous that it has been rushed through too quickly without the proper checks on its safety or, more foolishly, that vaccines in general should be avoided. How then should society respond to this kind of misinformation, especially when it can spread faster than the virus itself?
Is this trend of people buying into preposterously false narratives, for example that Covid pandemic is all a hoax or that vaccines are means of mind control, a cause for genuine concern? Of course. But is it surprising? Not really – conspiracy theories are hardly a new phenomenon. It is human nature to gossip, fabricate, exaggerate, while those in power will always use propaganda or distortion of the truth for political or financial purposes. At a time when we are being bombarded with information it can be hard for many to tell truth from falsehood – far too many people have what we can call poor information literacy.
We all want answers, but we need to know where to look and whom to trust. Take the new Covid vaccines, for example: scientists understand very well that randomised control trials involving tens of thousands of volunteers that are run to find out whether new vaccines are safe and effective are pretty much as good as it gets. They are the gold standard of evidence-based science. But is this reliable process of gathering knowledge well understood more widely by the public? There is a real risk that too many people will be taken in by the deluge of fake narratives about issues such as vaccines – many of which are ideologically driven and readily available online.
The politicisation of scientific knowledge has come of age this year, but is probably inevitable when it has such a direct impact on our lives. Navigating this minefield of polarised opinions, particularly during the pandemic, has been a challenge for everyone, scientists and non-scientists alike. It should not, however, deter us from continuing to debate and discuss openly and honestly, the importance of thinking rationally and critically.
All of this is important, not just to see us through the pandemic. Tackling misinformation and maintaining society’s trust in science is needed for the many battles that lie ahead. The continued ability of the scientific enterprise to tackle the biggest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century, be it the climate crisis or eradicating disease and poverty, the arrival of new pandemics, or simply learning more about ourselves and our place in the universe, all depends on openness and collaboration. It is clear that it cannot be left to scientists alone to shoulder the burden of ensuring humanity’s survival. Politicians, the media and the general public all have a role to play, just as we have collectively done this past year. Maybe these new lessons we have all learned throughout 2020 really can be a silver lining to the dark Covid cloud.
• Scientists in the Spotlight, presented by Jim Al-Khalili, is available on BBC Sounds | <urn:uuid:d974d345-3d33-4071-957d-4ec449807cba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glassmerchantsbalaclava.com/scientists-fought-coronavirus-now-they-face-the-battle-against-disinformation-coronavirus.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968352 | 1,499 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Any transport project has the potential to affect air quality and increase risk of exposure if there are significant changes in traffic flows, speed, vehicle fleet composition, congestion or the location of traffic relative to sensitive receptors.
The following air quality standards and guidelines have been put in place to provide levels of protection for our health:
Standards, guidelines and targets specify maximum limits for air pollution concentrations for given averaging periods. In some cases concentrations are allowed to exceed these levels but only for a specified number of times in an annual period. The averaging periods are related to exposure and usually each pollutant has a short-term (acute) limit and a long term (chronic) limit.
There are also recommended trigger levels for transport-related dust to protect amenity for people and property located near major roadways, especially during their construction or maintenance. Odour and spray drift are assessed on a case by case basis against relevant criteria.
For further information contact email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:21ffb0ef-8e36-4e05-aa95-9c5110483f1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nzta.govt.nz/roads-and-rail/highways-information-portal/technical-disciplines/air-quality-climate/standards-guidelines-and-specifications/national-standards-and-guidelines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.929476 | 202 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Physiotherapy is under-used in Niger. Within the country, only ten or so National and Regional hospitals are endowed with a functional rehabilitation ward. A Physiotherapy School does exist in Niamey, five students will graduate there in 2013. Our project aims at helping the most disadvantaged patients by enabling them to receive rehabilitation care.
The birth of the project.
Sabrina, Sandra and Camille volunteered from January to March 2008 at the capital’s Niamey National Hospital. They worked in Traumatology common wards, treating non-paying patients. Such wards lack physiotherapy treatment, which is direly needed. Hence, the project was hatched at their return.
The goals of the project.
The main goal is to ensure treatment in traumatology common wards.
Four Nigerien physiotherapists have followed one another since December 2009: Mahamadou, Diadié, Maman Sani, and Kadidja since March 2017.
So as to maintain follow-up care, a Nigerien physiotherapist has been engaged by the association in December 2009. His contract ended and he has been replaced by a young physiotherapy graduate: Diadie.
French physiotherapists came to second him in treating patients and they complement his theoretical and practical training. The feasability of tutoring Nigerien physiotherapy interns is under study. French physiotherapists could also assist the teaching staff of the Niamey Physiotherapy College.
From October 2010 to January 2011, French physiotherapists have been teaching on Friday afternoons at the Niamey School of Physiotherapy. A tutoring scheme for Nigerien physio interns is being studied. In the National Hospital, an in-job training mission has been launched, enabling working physios to improve their skills thanks to practical work.
Since January 2011, the association has relied on the employment of a Nigerien physio, as solidarity stays of French physios have been stopped for safety reasons.
The association has engaged a Nigerien physiotherapist and now relies entirely on him, as volunteer missions have all been cancelled since Antoine and Vincent’s death, following their abduction in Niamey on January 8th, 2011. The safety of French nationals being at risk, resuming such missions is out of the question at the present.
Concerning the funding of the project, our sole expense is Diadé’s wages. Three months’ wages have been covered by the Breakfast action launched in September by Nicolas, a physiotherapy student in Rennes.
Diadé’s monthly wages, 50,000 CFA (80 euros) are still entrusted to AECIN, but there is a hope that he could be incorporated into Niger civic service scheme, or, as a health worker, be integrated into the civil service.
Diadié’s status has changed, he started a two-year civilian internship within the hospital in June 2012. He left the Traumatology – orthopedics- neurosurgery ward and joined the hospital’s functional rehabilitation ward. We hope that after his civilian service he will recruited by the Niger State so as to reinforce the hospital’s rehabilitation team.
On February 2013 he was replaced by Maman Sani, a Niamey Physiotherapy School graduate, who practices in the common wards, pursuing the mission in favour of the patients who can’t afford the physiotherapy treatment they require.
Maman Sani’s status has now changed, he began his two-year civic service within the hospital in December 2013. Unlike Diadié he remains in the neurology, trauma-orthopedics ward, which enables him to pursue his work in the common wards. We hope he will be recruited by the Niger State after his civic service, which would acknowledge our association’s work to promote physiotherapy for everyone.
His salary will now be paid by the Niger State, as soon as the funds are allocated. We will top up his salary, so as to put forward his involvement in the project and in drafting monthly reports, which enable us to keep in touch with the project and to communicate with the physiotherapist.
In 2015, the purchase of technical equipment (2 walking frames, a pair of axillary crutches and a pair of forearm crutches) was added to that monthly expense.
The physiotherapy project is funded by AECIN from its own resources.
Moreover, four students of the Physiotherapy College in Rennes got in touch with AECIN during the 2016 first term in view of actions in favour of Niger.
After his civic internship Maman Sani wished to proceed professionally and did not extend his mission with us.
Early in 2017 RAEDD engaged a new physiotherapist, Kadidja, so as to maintain a rehabilitation program in the Niamey Hospital common wards.
Kadidiatoua’s appointment in Niamey’s Main General Hospital led her to leave the Hospital’s common ward in March. She recommended another physiotherapist to replace her. He is Goumar Abdoul Aziz who started practising in the common ward on May 3rd, 2019. As was the case with Kadidiatou, his salary is financed by AECIN’s own resources.
The action was stopped in March 2020, as AECIN’s own ressources were needed for other actions, | <urn:uuid:0929a2c1-ee81-4653-9249-bcf02306ee04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.tarbiyya-tatali.org/?Physiotherapy-project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.975864 | 1,125 | 2.109375 | 2 |
1- WHAT IS FLU
Influenza, also known as Influenza, is an acute and contagious infection of the respiratory tract.
It occurs with 3 types of Mixovirus influenza.
During the winter months with Pandemics (a region or continent) or Epidemics (can travel the world),
occurs especially in cold weather
When epidemics occur, it reaches its highest level in 2-3 weeks and subsides within 1 month.
2-WHY IT OCCUR IN WINTER
Reduced body resistance in cold weather, closed places such as kindergartens, school, cinema
and droplet infection to the environment of people in public transportation vehicles.
The disease is more common in the winter months because they transmit influenza more easily.
3- WE KNOW HOW WE HAVE THE FLU
Influenza after an incubation period of 24-48 hours
Sudden Chills, chills, Fever rising to 38-40 degrees
Muscle and back pain (especially as back, rib and low back pain)
pharyngitis, sore throat
It occurs with tearing in the eyes.
The symptoms regress within a few days, but fatigue, weakness and cough persist for a few days.
it can continue.
Young children may experience swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck.
In some cases, cough, weakness and fatigue may persist for a long time.
4- WHO CATCHES THE FLU
Although there is a high chance of catching the flu in every part of the society,
young children, people with compromised immune systems, and healthcare professionals who have frequent contact with patients.
staff are more at risk of contracting the flu.
5- WHAT ARE THE TRANSACTION ROUTES
What we call flu droplet infection, saliva droplets and the person opposite the person
infection, or the use of a glass from which the sick person drinks, or the use of hands and
It spreads by infecting the other person as a result of not washing his face.
6- WHAT CAN BE DONE TO AVOID catching the flu
A person with the flu should rest at home, if possible, use public transport and
Not using crowded places used by the community. Wearing a mask, hand and face
It needs to be washed and kept clean.
taking plenty of fluids
decongestant nasal drops to clear blocked nostrils
If bacteria are involved, that is, if there is a purulent or mucopurulent nasal discharge
Penicillin group antibiotics will be suitable (after culture and antibiogram are done)
7- WHAT TO AVOID EXPOSURE TO FLU MICROBE IN MASS AREAS
MUST BE DONE
As mentioned above, when there is a flu epidemic, you should either not go to public areas or try to protect yourself by wearing a mask.
8-WHAT IS THE HAZARD SIZE OF THE FLU?
Although the disease concerns all ages, it is common in young children with chronic diseases.
It can be dangerous and fatal in the elderly.
In the Pandemic that occurred in 1918, 20 million people died.
Pandemics seen in 1957, 1968 and 1978 started from China to the whole world.
There are 3 types of Mixovirus influenza.
The disease either occurs in a continent or region (epidemic) or may travel the Earth
The most important feature of the virus is its ability to show antigenic changes.
The virus settles in the respiratory tract epithelium, causing inflammation and epithelial destruction.
9- HOW TO KEEP A PERSON IN THE FAMILY NOT TO TRANSMIT OTHERS WITH FLU?
PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN
Paying attention to hand and face cleaning
Not using glasses, plates, forks, etc. used by sick people
Not kissing sick people
Avoiding close contact
Wearing a mask
10- WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT METHODS
Antipyretic analgesics (pain relievers), Decongestant nasal drops, as needed
Cough medicines, antibiotics, plenty of water and bed rest, vaccination in children and the elderly
11-Can you give me information about the flu vaccine?
Patients at risk for influenza, immunocompromised patients, the elderly, healthcare
personnel are recommended to be vaccinated towards autumn each year.
The vaccine applied is prepared with the virus of a year ago and is 75% protective.
Since the vaccine is prepared in chicken embryos, people who are allergic to chicken and eggs
should not be applied.
12- DISCLAIM DISEASES RELATED TO SIDE EFFECTS IN THOSE WHO HAVE THE FLU VACCINE
IT IS BROUGHT ( LIKE A RUNNING FROM FRESH AND SIMILAR) AND THIS
THE COMPLAINTS ALLEGED TO CONTINUE THROUGH THE WINTER
WHAT ARE THE REASONS?
As I mentioned above, the flu vaccine is prepared in chicken embryos.
Application in people with chicken and egg allergy may cause allergic reactions.
Other side effects of the flu vaccine are:
Sensitivity at the vaccination site
Fatigue, Adele pains
Rarely are muscle cramps
13- DOES THE EFFECT OF THE FLU VACCINE PROTECTION FROM THE FLU DIFFER BY PERSON?
Absolutely yes, and it may not even be effective at all. Because the vaccine is from the virus of a year ago.
is being prepared. Influenza virus is also a virus that changes shape very quickly. therefore
with the vaccine antigen prepared for the influenza virus of one year ago, type one year later
changes and the vaccine is not always effective.
14- IS IT POSSIBLE TO SAY THAT A PERSON WHO HAS THE FLU VACCINATION CANNOT BE CATCHED?
Not possible as I explained. Influenza virus is a traveler traveling the world.
is a virus. The disease, which started from China, returns to Europe, from there to America and again to China.
In other words, the virus that emerged as A1 in China became A2 in Europe and A3 type Virus when it came to America.
can return. For this reason, it is not always possible to get definite results from the vaccine. | <urn:uuid:2f0354be-3967-4c9e-80d6-ea2e08453e41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sanitarian.net/flu-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.898418 | 1,360 | 3.890625 | 4 |
As part of my ISTE certification course, I am studying instructional technology use and it’s resultant shifts in education. Part of the coursework involves evaluation of technology tools and justification of my findings. As you know, I have been a fan of the Microsoft Sway tool ever since I first discovered it. So I thought I could take the time now to explain why I think Sway is like a digital “Swiss army knife” in my instructional toolkit.
Sometimes something that I read or see just resonates for me. I am sure that happens to you as well. I was reading a post – The Seven Most Powerful Words in Education – and a few thoughts converged. Usually I just mention the ideas to a few folks in my immediate circle, but a good friend has encouraged me to start writing, so I’m going to try blogging again.
Today was a very exciting and motivating day. But then the first day of the Microsoft Global Education Exchange (E2) should be. I have two things to reflect on: this morning’s keynote session and networking opportunities.
I am going to Singapore. I guess I should be used to the idea by now, but it just hit home. I sat in on a Microsoft “Know before you go” call this morning and saw MY avatar on the Team USA list. I am going to Singapore!! I’ve had quite the whirlwind of activity […]
My time at the AMLE conference was interesting. It’s been a long time since I went to a conference where the focus was not technology. A number of participants came with paper notebooks and no device. While the conference itself was very informative, I had some difficulty with the presentation styles of a number of […]
Being an active part of and ISTE PLN has helped my professional learning in a number of ways. I am a proposal reviewer for our PLN again this year. I love the opportunity it’s a great way to learn about what is going on in edtech outside of my neck of the woods. Since I […]
I spoke to a friend of mine the other day. She is taking a class and got a poor grade. She was disappointed. I tried to be a good friend and allowed her to vent. The more she told me about the situation, the more agitated I got. You see, she was a victim of […]
In this last week or two, a number of incidents have brought home that fact that I am really concerned about Edmodo. Not that I am anyone important, but I was the Edmodo administrator for my school division and am currently an Edmodo Certified Trainer. I’ve got a real stake in what they’ve got going […]
Wow. That’s about all I can say. I’m still reeling from the Microsoft “Learn What’s Next” event. It was like every announcement just built up more and more about how the Microsoft ecosystem is going to change. They thought about kids and teachers at every level and wanted to make sure they are prepared for […]
Over the weekend I had the opportunity to go to an edcamp! It was an awful wet and rainy day, but there were over 100 teachers at #EdcampNoVA. It was great to reconnect with professional friends and colleagues. I saw Karen Richardson, Heather Hurley, and Charles Randolph among others who I only see at conferences. Met […] | <urn:uuid:1d2033b9-5a3f-43a9-a010-9ca377d3440f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcoachchat.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.97582 | 709 | 1.539063 | 2 |
- 4 Apples
- 32 worms (8 each in 4 different colors)
- 1 spinner
Object of the Game
Be the first player to remove all 8 worms from your apple.
The youngest player takes the first turn by spinning the spinner and following the directions in the space where the spinner arrow stops, as described below.
Play passes to the left, with each player spinning the spinner and following its instructions.
Pull a Worm
There are four different 'Pull a Worm' spaces on the spinner, one for each color-blue, green, orange and purple.
The player must remove a worm +from his apple that matches the color indicated by the space on the spinner.
For example: if a player spins a green worm then a green worm is removed from the apple.
The worm is placed into a discard pile in the center of the play area. If a player does not have a worm of the color called for on the spinner, his turn is over.
The player may remove one worm of any color from his apple.
Add a Worm
The player must take one worm of any color from the discard pile and place it into any one of the empty wormholes in his apple.
If he does not have any open wormholes, OR there are no worms in the discard pile, the player does nothing and his turn is over.
Give a Worm to any Player
The player must remove any one of his worms and give it to an opponent of his choosing.
His opponent must then place the worm into any one of the open wormholes on his apple. If an opponent's apple is full of worms, he may not be given the additional worm.
The player must trade apples, worms and all, with any of his opponents.
For example: if a player has five worms in his apple and spins the "Trade Apples", then he MUST trade the entire apple-including the five worms, for another player's apple.
The player should try to trade with the opponent that has the least number of worms in his apple. If the player making the trade has the least number of worms, he is forced to trade for an apple with more worms.
End of the Game
Play continues until one player has removed all 8 worms from his apple. This player is the winner! | <urn:uuid:68f11f25-a2a2-417e-8b8e-69d620d52faa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ultraboardgames.com/wormy-apples/game-rules.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968961 | 512 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The Complete Beer Course by Joshua M Bernstein has an ambitious target: “Boot camp for beer geeks: from novice to expert in twelve tasting classes”. مايسترو اون لاين
I felt a lot of scepticism at this claim. I have read many other books with similar aims and have usually been let down in a morass of half truths and regurgitated myths. Could this be the book to break this chain of fail?
The chapter structure immediately made me feel that I was onto something better. It starts with a chapter on basic knowledge – what is beer made of? What’s its history? how did we get here? How is beer made? This was a very good starting point, but they way Bernstein lays out the information was even better. He assumes you have no knowledge, but he also assumes you have a brain – the information is presented plainly, without flowery language, but without patronising the reader.
The following chapters take you through a journey amongst the beer styles. لعبة الفواكه This is also a tripping up point for other books, due to the authors not taking account of the palate impact of the beers they write about.
What do I mean by “palate impact”? Well, I will relate here something that has been said to me many times before – “dark beers are too strong for me, I prefer lower alcohol”. There is a false expectation at the heart of that comment – that the colour of the beer has anything to do with its ABV. There are many factors that play into ABV, flavour, body, and mouthfeel, and all of these play into the palate impact. Basically, a light industrial lager will leave you unmoved, while a bourbon barrel aged barleywine will wipe out your sense of taste!
The beer chapters are arranged according, broadly, to palate impact. He starts with lagered beers, while explaining that “lager” doesn’t mean “fizzy yellow canoe beer”, moves through wheat, pale coloured beers, Trappist, dark, winter warmers, barrel aged, and finishes with a triumphantly sour flourish. Pretty much the perfect order – after a couple of sour beers, your palate is shot for anything less than another sour, and you are skirting dangerous reflux territory with too many sours! (Don’t ask how I know that…!)
This book is well worth a read for anyone, whether craft beer novice or certified beer nerd. It is a well written book, an easy read, and even I picked up some new stuff I didn’t know before. It deserves a place in your library. لعبة تربح فلوس | <urn:uuid:e17c0994-0ebf-4f00-9b01-15adfc3335fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinkdrinklocal.com/2014/11/24/book-review-the-complete-beer-course/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.9556 | 587 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Why Gaia Terra Project?
Gaia Terra is a dream that is becoming a reality!
Gaia Terra was born from the will of a single person, now it is a shared dream, we are a group of heterogeneous people who through dialogue, confrontation and the method of consensus are growing in a community with a common goal.
Gaia Terra is a container of projects, a forge of experimentation to create alternative possibilities to inhabit the low-impact planet:
– practice sustainable agriculture
– build with natural materials
– Educate to be critical in the things we buy
– live in a group to support each other
– feed consciously
– relate to the territory and protect the surrounding environment
– develop cultural projects
– to practice hospitality and cultural diversity.
Now people are coming from all over the world who want to realize this dream with us, ready for collaboration and exchange.
Gaia Terra is always open and ready to welcome others and the positive stimuli they bring! Come you too!!
Gaia Terra was purchased on 18/10/2017 by Debora, which will soon begin the restoration of part of the building. The part in restoration will be the so-called ‘mother house’ that will fulfill all the main needs of the nascent community and guests: dining room, kitchen, services, classroom. Gaia Terra deals with the cultivation of hemp and fruit trees, to create educational paths oriented to wellness, environmental sustainability, relational and constructive. | <urn:uuid:fa3c5ea0-d47f-427e-8ac8-8acfa41a5e76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.progettogaiaterra.com/en/project-english/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947932 | 302 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The amphibian fauna of the Świętokrzyski National Park consists of 14 species. Among them, there are 3 newts: Great Crested Newt, Smooth Newt, also known as Common Newt, and Alpine Newt. The last species is the most characteristic one since, besides the Świętokrzyskie mountains, it occurs in Poland only in the Carpathians and the Sudets. The population of the Alpine Newt in the Świętokrzyskie mountains prove that they are to be counted as true mountains despite being one of the lowest in Europe.
Tailless amphibians include the following toads: European Fire-bellied, Common Spadefoot, Common, Green, Natterjack; and frogs: Tree, Pool, Edible, Marsh, Common, Moor. | <urn:uuid:0f65bcfb-ea65-40fa-a5d8-d09f10bee2ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/zwierzeta/kregowce/plazy/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925584 | 178 | 3.171875 | 3 |
New York, NY 26 June 2019: The global animal feed market size is anticipated to reach $337.7 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period, according to a report published by Polaris Market Research. The report ‘Animal Feed Market Size By Product Type (Compound Feed, Fodder, Forage), By Animal Type (Livestock (Poultry, Cattle, Pigs, Aquaculture, Others) Pet Animals), By Regions & Segments Forecast, 2018 – 2026’ provides an extensive analysis of present market dynamics and predicted future trends.
Animal feeds have contributed significantly in the growth of food industry globally and feed are among the most crucial and essential component for retaining abundant, affordable and safe animal proteins. For over a decade, the world has witnessed rising demand for proteins derived from animal, including fish, livestock, and dairy. The growth has been witnessed mainly in the developing regions as reported by IFIF, wherein the developed regions have witnessed fluctuating stabilities in growth. The global feed industry has witnessed production expansion in terms of volume and value. This phenomenon has taken place concerning growing worldwide population, more consumer purchasing power, and rising urbanization.
Get sample copy of this report @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/animal-feed-market/request-for-sample
With modern population achieving new levels of political and commercial involvements, there is an anticipated enhancement in the demand for animal feed further which is crucially significant in the entire food chain for its role. As the producer’s perseverance becomes more consumer-oriented and focused, the outcomes include increasing environmental footprint with even more rapidly growing requirements for sustainability. Mill and farm feed have witnessed a push on account of increasing environmental impact and greenhouse gases concerning the production of animals.
The selectivity priority by consumers in the purchase of eggs, meat, and dairy products, have been coupled with the questions of particular animal feeds and the breeding conditions related to each. Feed mills are also considered to be most crucial to the value chain as a human diet id directly influenced by these which have also gained an enthusiastic consumer culture. Feed is considered to be very essential as these might contain adulterated components which can be a serious issue for the food safety. Thus, the global feed market has shown interest in extensive production of organically developed high quality animal feed due to changing consumer behaviour related to the quality of output such as milk or meat. These parameters have been continuously playing important role in the advancement of the global feed industry.
The report provides an extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market trends and growth prospects of the global animal feed industry, 2017-2026. This report comprises a detailed geographic distribution of the market across North America, Europe, APAC and South America, and MEA. North America is further segmented into U.S., Canada. Europe is divided into Germany, UK, Italy, and Rest of Europe. Asia-Pacific is bifurcated into China, India, Japan, and Rest of Asia-Pacific.
Competitive Landscape and Key Vendors
The Asia Pacific is the largest regional market for the animal feed market. The increase in rapid production by meat processors and changing consumer demand & behaviour for organic food products are identified to be among some of the crucial parameters for the growth of feed market in the region. This regional market is expected to witness considerable growth over the forecast period.
Multiple new product innovation, unpenetrated & under-penetrated market dynamics, several expansion strategies among the feed producers, surging demand for nutrient-rich & healthy feed, and growing purchasing power, are the most important factors driving the Asia Pacific market. Europe is likely to be another potential regional player for feed production over the forecast period.
Some of the significant market participants currently operating in the industry include DaChan Food (Asia) Ltd., Yuetai Group, Smithfield Foods, NongHyup Feed Inc., Tangrenshen Group (TRS), East Hope Group, Nutreco, De Heus, Haid Group, Shuangbaotai Group (Twins Group), Agrifirm Group, JA Zen-Noh, Purina Animal Nutrition, ForFarmers N.V., Tyson Foods (broiler), New Hope Liuhe, BRF, Wen’s Food Group, Cargill, and CP Group.
Browse for full research summary: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/animal-feed-market
Polaris Market Research has segmented the global animal feed market on the basis of product, animal and region:
Animal Feed by Product Outlook (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million, 2015 – 2026)
• Compound Feed
Animal Feed by Animal Type Outlook (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million, 2015 – 2026)
• Pet Animals
Animal Feed by Regional Outlook (Volume, Kilo Tons; Revenue, USD Million, 2015 – 2026)
• North America
o U. S.
o Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East and Africa
o Saudi Arabia
Avail discount on this report @ https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/animal-feed-market/request-for-discount-pricing
About Polaris Market Research
Polaris Market Research is a global market research and consulting company. We provide unmatched quality of offerings to our clients present globally. The company specializes in providing exceptional market intelligence and in-depth business research services for our clientele spread across different enterprises. We at Polaris are obliged to serve our diverse customer base present across the industries of healthcare, technology, semi-conductors and chemicals among various other industries present around the world. We strive to provide our customers with updated information on innovative technologies, high growth markets, emerging business environments and latest business-centric applications, thereby helping them always to make informed decisions and leverage new opportunities.
Corporate Sales, USA
Polaris Market Research
Email: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:0328b2ef-00cc-40ae-93b9-ca40af015667> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prfree.org/@stephenwilson12/animal-feed-market-industry-a-latest-research-report-to-share-market-insights-and-dynamics-ypm43dyqyk85 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.915509 | 1,364 | 1.601563 | 2 |
From what I understand from the movie, Captain Willard's journey up the Nung River to the heart of darkness is a metaphor for a human's descent into madness and loss of morality and the 3 stops (Kilgore, Playmates and The Bridge) in Willard's journey represent various stages of the dying humanity (embracing violence and losing remorse, losing innocence and empathy, losing purpose) with the final destination being the literal Heart of Darkness. How does the French Rubber Plantation scene fit in all of these?
I have only seen the Redux version once, but what I recall is that the plantation segment might be seen as purgatorial. There is a burial, the French seem stuck in time, and the scene with the widow ends with her behind a shroud as a ghost.
On top of that, I have seen references (e.g. Ebert review) asserting that Coppola described the French as ghosts. Cannot find a direct quote though.
The widow repeatedly tells Willard that he is both an animal and a god. Not sure how to frame that into the context you have provided.
Since the theme of Apocalypse Now (as in Conrad's Heart of Darkness) is corruption as a process, that process being primarily that of colonialism, with the of course originally Victorian preoccupation being the corrupting effect upon the colonizer - the setting of a plantation - a place for managing and living on the expropriation, slavery, misery, ecological and economic debasement - is certainly apropos. On the way to chaos, but still (at one time) in good brutal working order. | <urn:uuid:66d20e3c-d3bf-4bb7-9059-92277938a152> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/82906/what-does-the-french-plantation-scene-mean-in-apocalypse-now | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949186 | 335 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Consumers and marketers are accustomed to using search engines like Google, Yahoo or Bing as the first point of reference when carrying out research but these only skim the surface of what is available.
A search of the “surface web” – that part of the worldwide web that is readily available to the general public and searchable with standard web search engines – returns a fraction of the information that exists online.
“It’s like fishing in the top two feet of the ocean – you miss the virtual Mariana Trench below,” according to an article in Popular Science.
In India, Quantta Analytics is trawling the depths of the ‘deep web’ and the ‘dark web’ and supplying insights to several major Indian financial institutions, including State Bank of India (SBI) and Kotak, as well as QSR businesses like McDonald’s and Starbucks.
“We saw ourselves as people who could aggregate data from diverse sources, combine them in a homogeneous way, stack them up geographically – so that I can see where every ATM, bank, school, hospital is located, and then make the dark data around it useful,” co-founder Ritesh Bawri explained to Tech in Asia.
A retailer like Nike, he said, with hundreds of stores across India, gathers data from each, including things like what customers bought, how much time they spent in store, what time of day they bought.
“If Nike gives that data to me, I will add data about what else is happening in the world around those Nike stores,” he said.
“I can tell the company that around this store, where you clocked sales of a million Indian rupees, are potentially 500 customers who have not bought from you so far.”
Non-commercial applications might include mapping incidents of TB in a city against relevant locations, such as water bodies, restaurants and malls, and then using Quantta’s algorithms to “derive meaning by looking at all the different data sets stacked together and see the cause”.
Data sourced from Tech in Asia, Popular Science; additional content by WARC staff | <urn:uuid:474981bb-48d9-4ded-8bc5-5a0300f6fe26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/diving-into-dark-data-analytics/en-gb/39166 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947422 | 451 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Fri, 25 August 2017
162: Investors, Crowdfunding, or Shark Tank? Maneesh Sethi's Done It All and Reveals His Funding Strategies
"How can I solve a problem in the fastest way?"
It's a question that Maneesh Sethi asks himself almost every day, and it's been the main driver behind who he is as a person, and as an entrepreneur. You see, Sethi lives a life of what you might call extreme productivity, and he wants to help you do the same.
The question has manifested in a variety of ways throughout Sethi's life, including starting his own productivity blog, Hack the System, where he examines how people can be more productive and focused in their lives by looking for unconventional solutions. Then there was the time he paid someone to follow him around and slap him in the face every time he was being unproductive.
Sethi's latest endeavor is par for the course in his never-ending quest to become as productive as he possibly can. As the founder and CEO of Pavlok, a wearable device designed to help you build better habits by literally shocking the bad ones out of you, Sethi is determined to help people transforms their lives. Even if it means giving them a zap every now and then.
Sethi knows a thing or two about the power of a little negative reinforcement, as evidenced by the aforementioned slapping, and the way having your back against the wall can bring out your best ideas.
"Our company has been a consistent sufferer of almost-death, followed by me figuring out something to help us survive, followed by learning a lot from that experience," Sethi says.
To save his company from bankruptcy, Sethi has turned to investors, crowdfunding, and even appeared on the hit show Shark Tank to keep his company alive. Through it all, he's developed a knack for finding the best way out, no matter what life throws at him.
In this episode you will learn: | <urn:uuid:2228b4bd-f656-4406-a7ae-3c056ee343cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foundrmag.libsyn.com/162-how-to-form-new-habits-with-maneesh-sethi-of-pavlok | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.981453 | 409 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A flash of self-pity filled her eyes, but there was some consolation in reflecting on the fact that no one could force her to eat against her will."I'm here, Dolly," she said, in her rather wistful manner.The Fair was the great event to which the girls looked forward, and in the first excitement of such an unusual proceeding each of them worked with a will.
After that period she found her place to a certain extent, made some violent friends and some active enemies, was adored by the little girls, on whom she showered lollipops, kisses, and secrets, and was disliked more or less by every girl in the sixth and fifth form, Dorothy Collingwood excepted.
"Yes, yes, I know," replied Janet, with a sneer; "she did something which shook the nerves of our beloved favorite. Had anyone else given Miss Percival her little fright, I could have forgiven her!"She had not passed a pleasant morning, however, and this plan scarcely commended itself to her.A sense of disappointment was over them all, for the new girl upon whom their present thoughts were centered had not put in an appearance—nothing was said about her—Mrs. Freeman looked as tranquil as usual, Miss Patience as white and anxious, Miss Delicia as good-natured and downy."What is that?"
rummy tour hack
"Yes, darling, I did. Shall we go into the common room now? I'm dying to see it.""Will you have some fruit?" she said coldly, laying[Pg 14] a restraining hand as she spoke on the girl's beflowered and embroidered dress."I don't know how I can, Mrs. Freeman. I said at once, when I came to school and saw what kind of place it was, that I wouldn't obey the rules. They were so tiresome and silly; I didn't see the use of them.""What?" said Bridget, coloring high. "Do you mean seriously to tell me that I—I am not to pick flowers? I think I must have heard you wrong! Please say it again!"
"Come now, Janet," she said, "confession is good for the soul—own—now do own that you cordially hate the new girl, Bridget O'Hara."
"If I had only some smelling salts," she began.
"Miss Collingwood," said Marshall, in a timid whisper, "might I say a word to you, miss?"
"I'd punish her very severely," said Miss Patience. "I am sure punishment is what she wants. She ought to be broken in." | <urn:uuid:0e3aa410-08b9-4ea2-aa8b-a266c4fd2a19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cbpmc.com.cn/735188645.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.990872 | 555 | 1.84375 | 2 |
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