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Take One Small Step in 2021 with KUNR, Noticiero Móvil and StoryCorps
One Small Step is a nationwide effort to reconnect Americans, one conversation at a time.
In collaboration with national nonprofit StoryCorps and other community organizations throughout Northern Nevada and Eastern California, KUNR invited residents to meet someone new — a fellow resident with different views from their own — for a simple, personal, 50-minute conversation in English or Spanish.
Tested and safe, One Small Step conversations were:
- Hosted virtually or in person by a trained facilitator
- Seamless, powerful and respectful
- Archived as part of American history at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., at the discretion of both participants
- And importantly, never shared without participants’ permission
One Small Step conversations are not debates or meant to convince. They’re simply a chance to break the ice: to talk about who we are as people, what we care about, and our dreams for the future. Participants in 2021 asked and answered questions like:
- “Who has been the most influential person in your life? What did they teach you?”
- “Is there someone you disagree with but still love or respect?”
- “What are your fears or concerns about the future of our country?”
One Small Step helped participants move beyond labels like “Democrat” and “Republican” and into the life experiences that shaped how others see the world.
KUNR, in partnership with Noticiero Móvil, was one of just six stations selected nationally to host One Small Step in 2021 and the first to offer the program in both English and Spanish.
How KUNR and Noticiero Móvil worked with these recordings:
Some conversations, with participants’ permission, have been or will be edited for brevity and broadcasted on the radio, as well as published on the websites for KUNR and Noticiero Móvil.
- If your conversation is selected for editing/broadcast by KUNR and Noticiero Móvil, we will notify you and preview the edited clip for you to ensure you’re comfortable with it before it’s broadcasted and published digitally.
You can listen to locally-produced One Small Step conversations from this initiative below:
Pat Ragains and Monica Kales participated in One Small Step, a StoryCorps program to connect people with different political values through dialogue. In their discussion, they reflect on the people who have influenced their evolving political values and grapple with the nation’s political divides.
Brett McLane is a banker in Reno who describes himself as a fiscally conservative, independent voter. He participated in KUNR’s One Small Step program to connect with someone in the community who has different political views. He was matched with Susan Mazer, a musician and business owner who describes herself as liberal in all aspects. Their conversation touched on many topics, including their opinions on taxation.
Este otoño, dos residentes de Reno, que nunca antes se habían conocido, se reunieron en la estación de radio KUNR para dialogar sobre sus diferencias. La conversación fue parte de One Small Step, un programa en el que KUNR y Noticiero Móvil están trabajando con StoryCorps para conectar a personas con diferentes valores políticos a través del diálogo.
You can also hear excerpts from some of these conversations and more about what it was like to facilitate this program by viewing the following video:
Can I participate in One Small Step moving forward?
If you signed up in 2021 but haven’t been matched, you are still in the pool to participate! StoryCorps receives all applications and will continue matching participants across the country in 2022 and beyond. StoryCorps will contact and schedule you to record when they find the right conversation partner for you. Visit www.storycorps.org/onesmallstep to learn more.
If you haven’t signed up for One Small Step, you can start and record your own conversation with a friend, relative, colleague, or someone else you know using StoryCorps technology. Take the One Small Step: DIY participant course here, which will guide you through the process, step by step!
You can join the One Small Step community by participating in discussions and upcoming events through the One Small Step Facebook group. Joining the One Small Step email list is also a source for information on an ongoing basis about the initiative, related resources and articles, and a way to experience the stories of people who’ve had a conversation.
Learn More About One Small Step
Since 2003, the non-profit public service organization StoryCorps has perfected a method for helping people feel more connected and less alone, for increasing hope and reminding us of the inherent worth of every life and every story. More than half a million Americans have participated in StoryCorps interviews to date, making it the largest single collection of human voices ever gathered. Interview recordings are preserved for history at the American Folklife Center at the U.S. Library of Congress.
StoryCorps’ One Small Step is made possible in part by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
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A group of Russians organized on this night a Halloween Ball. When the All Night Vigil celebrated to St. John of Kronstadt began, many people were absent, to the great sorrow of Vladyka. After the service, St. John went to the place where the ball was being held. He entered the hall and the music stopped as Vladyka, in absolute silence, glared at the people, and with his staff in hand, he slowly walked around the entire hall. He didn't speak, but the sight of Vladyka brought general consternation to the party. Vladyka left but the next day in church he called all to the devout Christian life.
In some ways, talking to an Orthodox group about Halloween is like what we used to call "preaching to the choir." In other words, non-participation in Halloween should be a "no-brainer." Yet, I believe that the issue of Halloween is an example of a more fundamental struggle between Orthodoxy and the secular spirit of our age. What I hope to accomplish in this speech is for us to begin to understand the cause and the nature of this struggle and begin to gain some idea of how to deal with it.
First, on the slim chance that some of you are unfamiliar with its origin, I will present some basic facts about Halloween. Fr. Victor Potapov relates this history: "The feast of Halloween began among the Celtic peoples of Britain, Ireland, and northern France. These pagan peoples believed that physical life was born from death. Therefore, they celebrated the beginning of the "new year" in the fall (on the eve of October 31 and into the day of November 1), when they believed, the season of cold, darkness, decay and death began. The Celts believed that a certain deity, whom they called Samhain, [pronounced - sow-in ] was the Lord of Death. To him they gave honor at their New Year's festival
Many beliefs and practices were associated with this feast, which have endured to this current time. On the eve of the New Year's festival, the Druids, who were the priests of the Celtic cult, instructed their people to extinguish all hearth fires and lights. On the evening of the festival they ignited a huge bonfire built from oak branches, which they believed to be sacred. Upon this fire, they offered burnt sacrifices of crops, animals, and even human beings to appease and cajole Samhain, the lord of Death. They also believed that Samhain, being pleased by their faithful offerings, allowed the souls of the dead to return to homes for a festal visit on this day. This belief led to the ritual practice of wandering about in the dark dressed in costumes indicating ghosts, witches, hobgoblins, fairies and demons. The living entered into fellowship and communion with their dead by this ritual act of imitation, through costume and the wandering about in the darkness, even as the souls of the dead were believed to wander.
The dialogue of "trick or treat" is integral to Halloween beliefs and practices. The souls of the dead had--by Celtic tradition--entered into the world of darkness, decay, and death. They bore the affliction of great hunger on their festal visit. This belief brought about the practice of begging as another Celtic ritual imitation of the dead. The implication was that any souls of the dead and their imitators who are not appeased with "treats", i.e. offerings, will provoke the wrath of Samhain, whose angels and servants (the souls and human imitators) could retaliate through a system of "tricks" or curses. One radio commentator takes great fun in calling Halloween, "Begoween."
The sacred fire was the fire of the New Year was taken home to rekindle lights and hearth fires. This developed into the practice of the Jack O Lantern (in the U.S.A.; a pumpkin, in older days other vegetables were used), which was carved in imitation of the dead and used to convey the new light and fire to the home, where the lantern was left burning throughout the night.
Divination was also part of this ancient Celtic festival. After the fire had died out the Druids examined the remains of the main sacrifices, hoping to foretell the coming year's events. The Halloween festival was the proper night for sorcery, fortune telling, divination, games of chance, and Satan worship and witchcraft in the later Middle Ages.
The Church responds
In the strictly Orthodox early Celtic Church, the holy Fathers tried to counteract this pagan new year festival that honored the Lord of Death, by establishing the Feast of All Saints on the same day. (It differs in the East, where the Feast of All Saints is celebrated on the Sunday following Pentecost). The custom of the Celtic Church was for the faithful Christians to attend a vigil service and a morning celebration of the Holy Eucharist. This custom created the term Halloween. The Old English of "All Hallow E'en", i.e., the eve commemorating all those who were hallowed (sanctified) became Halloween.
The remaining pagan and therefore anti-Christian people, whose paganism had become deeply intertwined with the Occult, Satanism and Magic, reacted to the Church's attempt to supplant their festival by increased fervor on this evening. The early medieval Halloween became the supreme feast of the Occult, a night and day witchcraft, demonism, sorcery and Satanism of all kinds. Many practices involved desecration and mockery of Christian practices and beliefs. Costumes of skeletons developed as a mockery of the Church's reverence for Holy Relics; Holy things were stolen, such as crosses and the Reserved Sacrament, and used perversely in sacrilegious ways. The practice of begging became a system of persecution to harass Christians who were, by their beliefs, unable to participate with offerings to those who served the Lord of Death. The Western Church 's attempt failed, to supplant this pagan festival with the Feast of All Saints."
The ancient Slavic counterpart to Halloween in ancient Russia was Navy Dien' (Old Slavonic for the dead "nav" ), which was also called Radunitsa and celebrated in the spring. To supplant it, the Eastern Church attached this feast to Easter, for celebration on Tuesday of Saint Thomas ' Week (second week after Easter). The Church also changed the name of the feast into Radonitsa, from Russian "radost" - joy, of Easter and of the resurrection from the dead of the whole manhood of Jesus Christ. Gradually Radunitsa yielded to Easter's greater importance and became less popular. And many dark practices from old Russian pagan feasts (Semik, Kupalo, Rusalia and some aspects of the Maslennitsa) still survived till the beginning of our century. Now they are gone, but the atheist authorities used to try to reanimate them. Another "harmless" feast--May 1, proclaimed "the international worker's day" is a simple renaming the old satanic feast of Walpurgis Night (night of April 30 into the day of May 1), the yearly demonic Sabbath during which all participants united in "a fellowship of Satan"."
The Modern Context
When we try to protest to our neighbors, our schools, and even many of our own Orthodox brethren about the origin of Halloween, we usually get indifference and humor. Most who observe Halloween laugh at any suggestion that they are participating in evil, or honoring Samhain, or entertaining dead spirits.
As an example, let me quote from an article "Hallowing Halloween-Why Christians should embrace the "devilish" holiday with gusto-and laughter." by Anderson M. Rearick III. After ridiculing various statements of fellow church members about the evils of Halloween, he writes,
"I have always considered Halloween a day to celebrate the imagination, to become for a short time something wonderful and strange, smelling of grease paint, to taste sweets that are permissible only once a year. How wonderful to be with other children dressed up as what they might grow up to be, what they wished they could be, or even what they secretly feared. All of us, dreams and nightmares, were brought together on equal footing, going from door to door to be given treats and admired for our creativity. How delightful to go to parties with doughnuts, apples, brown cider, and pumpkin cakes-and to hear spine-tingling ghost stories and feel our hearts skip a beat when the teller grabbed for us."
Dr. Rearick concludes with the idea that we shouldn't abandon Halloween to the dark side of satanists and Wiccans. We should "reclaim the season" just as we did with Christmas. Therefore Halloween can be seen as a time to laugh at Satan and make fun of him and to rejoice in Christ's victory over death and demons. The only real reason that we are reluctant to join the party is because Christianity fears the use and development of imagination.
My Methodist mother would point out that I had, in days prior to Orthodoxy, participated in Halloween. Where was the harm? I had watched all the Frankenstein, Werewolf, and Dracula movies, trick-or-treated, and had dress up as everything from a bum to the Mummy. Had this turned me into a satanist or devotee of Samhain? My mother would agree with Dr. Rearick. Why deprive children of a chance to use their imagination and engage in harmless fun?
While an Orthodox Christian may disagree with Dr. Rearick's (and my Mother's) analysis, we must face the fact that we now have a change in context, a new way of seeing the world. This is no longer a druid world governed by Samhain, devils, the walking dead, and evil spirits, and Satan. It is a brave new world of human hopes, dreams, ambitions, and fears. It is a place of imagination and celebration. It is a world where God, and in particular the God of Orthodoxy, has been pushed to the side and made irrelevant. A new order has arisen with a new way of seeing things and this worldview informs every aspect of modern western life. In short, we call this worldview "secularism."
Novus Ordo Seclorum
Webster defines secularism as "indifference to or rejection of religion and religious considerations." While we may object to the hedonism and materialism of our day, these are not new to this world. There have always been those who loved pleasure more than God and who placed their material well-being above their spiritual life. What is most important here is the word "indifference," and it draws its life from a basic an all-pervasive idea: all truth, especially religious truth, is relative. Fr. Seraphim Rose spoke of this new philosophy. He used the word "Nihilism", and called it the basic philosophy of the 20th century.
Maybe you've read this quote. It illustrates the indifferent spirit of our age.
If I were the devil
By Paul Harvey
I would gain control of the most powerful nation in the world;
I would delude their minds into thinking that they had come from man's effort, instead of God's blessings;
I would promote an attitude of loving things and using people, instead of the other way around;
I would dupe entire states into relying on gambling for their state revenue;
I would convince people that character is not an issue when it comes to leadership;
I would make it legal to take the life of unborn babies;
I would make it socially acceptable to take one's own life, and invent machines to make it convenient;
I would cheapen human life as much as possible so that the life of animals are valued more than human beings;
I would take God out of the schools, where even the mention of His name was grounds for a lawsuit;
I would come up with drugs that sedate the mind and target the young, and I would get sports heroes to advertise them;
I would get control of the media, so that every night I could pollute the mind of every family member with my agenda;
I would attack the family, the backbone of any nation.
I would make divorce acceptable and easy, even fashionable. If the family crumbles, so does the nation;
I would compel people to express their most depraved fantasies on canvas and movie screens, and I would call it art;
I would convince the world that people are born homosexuals, and that their lifestyles should be accepted and marveled;
I would convince the people that right and wrong are determined by a few who call themselves authorities and refer to their agenda as politically correct;
I would persuade people that the church is irrelevant and out of date, and the Bible is for the naive;
I would dull the minds of Christians, and make them believe that prayer is not important, and that faithfulness and obedience are optional;
I guess I would leave things pretty much the way they are.
We should remember that in the past paganism was a religious phenomenon. There was a common ground and a common theological language between pagan society and the Church. The Roman soldier torturing you might be a pagan, but he was a god-fearing man who attended the temple with his family, had two chariots in the garage, attended sporting events at the coliseum, and even had an altar in his house. Of course, he called Christianity atheism, and he would kill you for believing it.
Today's modern pagans are also "god-fearing people." They might attend church with family, have two cars in the garage, attend or watch sporting events, etc, Concerning the religion of others, they are tolerant because "after all, there is no real difference between us." Though a member of a denomination, the modern secular pagan is prideful of the fact that he really believes that denominations are in fact of no real consequence. To the mind of the modern secular pagan, the more absolute the claim to truth, the more irrelevant it seems to the cares and concerns of modern life. Is it any wonder then that to these modern folk, Halloween is no big deal?
Such is the world in which we now live and those who claim the Orthodox Faith undertake a unique challenge. Never before have Christians lived in a society that is secular by design and intention. Because we do not address our worldliness we can, on a Saturday night hold a Halloween party instead of going to Vigil. It isn't until St. John walks in our midst and looks at us with those piecing eyes that we suddenly feel the presence of that other world, the Kingdom of God, and we begin to sense our utter conformity to the world.
The Lord said, "I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but that shouldest keep them from evil. They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world." (John 17:15-16) How is it possible to accomplish this?
First, we need to repent. Well, we hear this all the time in Church, but I propose that we must go deeper than just feeling sorry about the situation. The Greek word for repentance is "metanoia" which means a "change of mind." St. Paul tells us that we should not be conformed to this world, but transformed by "the renewing of our minds." This means that we strive to gain the mind of Christ, an Orthodox mind. Fr. Seraphim believed that modern man could not come to Christ fully until he was first aware of how much the world had changed. Instead of just criticizing the world, we must recognize the Nihilism (or secular spirit) in ourselves. "The Nihilism of our age exists in all," he wrote, " and those who do not, with the aid of God, choose to combat it in the name of the fullness of Being of the living God, are swallowed up in it already.
In his book, For the Life of the World, Fr. Schmemann describes this change of mind and what it could mean for us:
"Secularism, I submit, is above all a negation of worship. I stress: -not of God's existence, not of some kind of transcendence and therefore some kind of religion. If secularism in theological terms is some kind of heresy, it is primarily a heresy about man. It is a negation of man as a worshiping being, as homo adorans: the one for whom worship is the essential act that both 'posits' his humanity and fulfills it."
Like Fr. Seraphim, Fr. Schmemann is saying that we must gain an Orthodox mindset. And what is this mindset? It is a rejection of the indifference of plagues modern life. It means strive to live each moment as if we truly believe that the Holy Spirit "is everywhere present and fillest all things." The entire world becomes vehicle of God's appearing and there is no sphere of life without His presence. "It is meet and right to sing to Thee, to bless Thee, to praise Thee, to give thanks to Thee, and to worship Thee in every place of thy dominion."
How did the Psalmist say it?
O Lord, thou hast searched me, and known me.
Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought from afar.
Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways.
For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, thou knowest it altogether.
Thou has beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon me.
Whither shall I go from thy spirit? Or whither shall I flee from thy presence?
If I ascend into heaven, thou art there.
If I make my bed in hell, behold thou art there.
If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea,
Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me.
Orthodox worship is not just a private matter. It is a rejection of the duality of the modern secular world - a duality that says, God is here, but He is not there. The goal of my striving is to become a sacramental man, who sees the entire universe as a place of God's appearing. That means that family and work and leisure are not separate places apart from God.
True repentance is never an easy thing to accomplish, and gaining an Orthodox mindset in this world will not be easy either. As a priest, I see my people struggling with the confusion of trying to live an Orthodox life in a today's world.
I was going to school in England when I first met the Orthodox community at Durham University. These students came from all over the Orthodox world. I met my first archimandrite there and my first archpriest. One thing I remember is that they all seemed curious about how it was possible to live as a Christian such a secular and pluralistic country as the USA. I was a Methodist then, but I had to admit that I didn't have a ready answer. I would guess however that if trends continue as they are, and as the secularism and materialism of the West continue to conquer the East, they too might have to struggle to find an answer. God help them.
The Tools of Repentance
Holy Orthodoxy and the Church have given us the tools to transform our minds. All are contained within Holy Tradition: attending Church, fasting, prayer, the reading of Scripture, the reading of the lives of the Saints, and the teachings of the Fathers, all these things can work to make us holy people. It isn't enough to just possess the tools, we must actually use the tools if we are to build anything of lasting value.
Often people ask me why the Orthodox Church repeats things so much. "Paci-paci".
This is what I tell them: How do I know the following so well?
My bologna has a first name, its O-S-C-A-R.
My bologna has a second name, its M-E-Y-E-R.
Oh, I love to eat it everyday,
And if you ask me why, I'll say
'Cause Oscar Meyer has a way
How do I know it so well after so many years? Because I heard it sung by some child over and over and over again on the TV and the radio. Fifth Ave. believes wholeheartedly in "again and again."
Perhaps if I read the morning prayers often enough, I would know the prayers as well as the Oscar Meyer song. Maybe, having learned them by heart, I might begin to dwell upon words and ponder them. Maybe, I would allow the words to sink in and become a part of me. Maybe, just maybe, by the Grace of God found in these prayers, I might actually begin to think the way an Orthodox Christian should think.
As a priest, and as your Orthodox brother, this is what disturbs me when people are habitually absent from Vigil. This is what disturbs me when folks confess laxity in prayer, reading, and fasting. I wonder how any of us will be able to resist the power of worldly conformity when we simply will not lift the shield of faith or put on the helmet of salvation to protect ourselves.
Enjoying the Fruits of Repentance
So, we must have the desire to see worldliness in ourselves, and we must use the tools that Orthodoxy gives us. Is there anything left?
Years ago, I made the observation that people would attend faithfully attend Church services despite the fact that they had to wash their clothes in the river, gather their food from the fields, make their own clothes, harness the horse, cook from scratch, etc. Goodness, where did they find the time to go to Church so much? Now, in this wonderful modern world, we are "blessed" with time-saving and labor-saving devices: dishwashers, clothes washers, canned and prepared foods, ready made clothes, fast cars, etc. Yet, even with this timesaving technology, it seems that we have less time for spiritual life than our predecessors.
What has happened?
I heard it said once that today the Devil majors in three things: noise, crowds, and hurry.
Certainly, silence has virtually disappeared from our lives. "Crowds" doesn't simply mean a lot of people, but it means entertainment, spectacles, and diversion. We have certainly have an abundance of it in this country. I could speak at length upon each of these, but I want to deal mainly with the issue of hurry.
To enjoy the fruits of repentance, we must deal with the issues of priority and time. This is what "hurry" is all about. The pace of life has quickened, and this why, even with our technology, we have less time than before. Listen, I know we are tired, I know that our lives are full, and I know that we grow weary of hearing priests complain about why we aren't more faithful.
All I want to say is that if we do not set our priorities to make the Kingdom of God first before all things, the world will set our priorities for us. If we do not commit the time necessary to enjoy the fruits of holiness, the world will take away what little time we have. If we do not seek a place of silence, the world will inundate us with noise. If we do not strive to be transformed, conformity will surely overtake us.
The choice is ours. Yet, if we do not choose, the choice will be made for us.
Perhaps, you feel that I have gone a bit far from the topic of Halloween. Possibly, but to piously say to our beloved pagans that we don't celebrate because we are "not of this world" (i.e. Orthodox) is laughable if we are as worldly as they are. By worldly, I don't mean that we participate in the gross sins of the flesh. But if we are also hurried, concerned with success, fretting over money, fretting over possessions, constantly seeking entertainment, constantly filling our lives with noise, putting God in a Sunday morning box, finding little place for Him in the weekday cycle of work and family - then they will see the truth - we are just as pagan as they are. Our protests about Halloween will fail to convince anyone.
You see, it's a matter or witness by word and style of living. We must witness to the truth that Jesus Christ is the Son of the only true God; that all things were made by him, and for him. Christ holds all things together and by him all things consist. He is Word of God, the source of all truth, beauty, and love. Any culture, tradition or nation, even a secular one cannot limit him.
This must be our Orthodoxy, and to believe it and to witness it is to truly become a "fool for Christ." Never has it been more foolish than it is today to be an Orthodox witness in the secular world of today. It is for this witness then that we don't participate in Halloween.
By non-participation in Halloween, we refuse to acquiesce to the greatest and most subtle trick of the Devil. In Dr. Rearick's world, the Devil does not exist, or if he does, he is simply nothing more than something to laugh at. Modern media has made horror fun. Video games desensitized the mind by making images of evil commonplace and part of our playtime. This is similar to what Fr. Seraphim Rose wrote about in his book, Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future. Fr. Rose believed that if you took the entire psychic phenomenon - from something as benign as the TV series Star Trek to the "Gnostic Christianity" of psychic gurus such as Sylvia Browne - the mind of humanity is being subtly prepared to receive the guidance of "beings of higher intelligence." These beings could be spiritual guides that channel through us, or they could be riding on UFOs. In reality, Fr. Seraphim believed, this mental conditioning is preparation for the Antichrist.
Whether or not you agree, with Fr., Seraphim's analysis, Halloween, as it is practiced rejoices in the irrelevance of spiritual evil. Today, spiritual evil is but a concept, and a dated one at that. Like all religious truth it is relative, and is thought to lie solely in the inner psychological landscape of the individual. Therefore, it is a matter of therapy and is of little importance to the cares and striving of the modern, pagan and secular world.
So, I don't participate, but with that alone, I shouldn't congratulate myself. What is more important is that I attain to stillness and salvation. If I do, "ten thousand around me will be saved." I doubt that loudly protesting Halloween will accomplish as much.
I end with these words from Abba Pambo
In those times the love for God in most souls will grow cold and a great sadness will fall onto the world. One nation shall face-off against another. Peoples will move away from their own places. Rulers will be confused. The clergy will be thrown into anarchy, and the monks will be inclined more to negligence. The church leaders will consider useless anything concerned with salvation, as much for their own souls as for the souls of their flocks, and they will despise any such concern. All will show eagerness and energy for every matter regarding their dining table and their appetites. They'll be lazy in their prayers and casual in their criticisms. As for the lives and teachings of the Holy Fathers, they'll not have any interest to imitate them, nor even to hear them. But rather they will complain and say, "if we had lived in those times, then we'd have behaved like that." And the Bishops shall give way to the powerful of the world, giving answers on different matters only after taking gifts from everywhere and consulting the rational logic of the academics. The poor man's rights will not be defended; they'll afflict widows and harass orphans. Debauchery will permeate these people. Most won't believe in God; they'll hate each other and devour one another like beasts. The one will steal from the other; they'll be drunk and will walk about as blind.
His disciple again asked, "Abba, what can we do in such a state?"
And Elder Pambo answered, "My child, in these times whoever will save his
soul and prompt others to be saved will be called great in the Kingdom of
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Equity Linked Saving Scheme, widely popular as ELSS, is an open ended tax saving mutual fund scheme that comes with a three year lock in period and tax benefit. ELSS is the only mutual fund scheme that comes with a tax benefit. According to the Section 80C of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961 an individual can invest up to Rs. 1.5 lakh per financial year in ELSS and claim tax deduction from the same. Apart from providing a tax benefit, ELSS also gives investors an opportunity to receive capital appreciation over the long term.
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Now we all know that ELSS offers a tax benefit. But do investments in ELSS also promise capital appreciation? Let’s find out.
Now before we begin let us make one thing clear. ELSS is a mutual fund scheme. Investments made in mutual funds do not guarantee returns. There is a good chance of your portfolio incurring losses. Hence investors should invest in ELSS depending on their risk appetite.
ELSS is a pure equity scheme. This fund allocates 80 percent of its total assets in stocks and other equity related instruments. Investments made in equity generally offer capital appreciation to those who show patience with their money. Investors should not look at ELSS for short term investment. If you really want to see the scheme’s potential, one needs to give at least five to seven years for the fund to grow. Also, when you invest for the long run you do not have to worry about the daily ups and downs of the equity market. Short term equity is highly prone to the market’s volatile nature. But when you keep a long term investment horizon and invest in ELSS, you not only have to worry about the constant market upheavals, you also stand an opportunity of beating inflation.
When you remain invested in ELSS for the long run, your investments stand a chance of multiplying, thanks to the power of compounding. Compounding in mutual funds refers to the interest that an investment on the interest that it earned from the initial investment amount. The capital gains earned by the fund are reinvested back in the scheme. In the long run, this may help investors in building a wealthy corpus. If you have long term goals like retirement planning or planning a destination for your child, or planning to send them overseas for foreign education or planning to go on a world tour then you can invest in ELSS for the long run.
ELSS can help investors with long term capital appreciation. In order to achieve their goals, they can invest in ELSS via SIP. Systematic Investment Plan, short for SIP is an easy and convenient way to invest in ELSS. One can invest small fixed amounts at periodic intervals in an ELSS fund. In order to get a rough estimate of how much wealth your ELSS funds will accumulate over the period of three years, you can take the help of an online SIP return calculator. However, investors should determine their risk appetite before investing in ELSS. Wealth creation through ELSS investment is possible if you invest according to your risk appetite.
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<urn:uuid:62225bb5-aa64-47eb-94f6-09ba18532727>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.wemogee.com/can-elss-help-investors-with-long-term-capital-appreciation/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950275
| 746
| 1.96875
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|
Keith L. Ware
Major General Keith L. Ware's military career began 9 July 1941 when he undertook his basic training at Camp Roberts, California, following his induction into the Army under the Selective Service Act. He attended the Infantry Officer Candidate School at Fort Benning, Georgia, and was commissioned a second lieutenant of Infantry on 18 July 1942. He has remained continuously on active duty since that date. His first assignment as a commissioned officer was with the 3d Infantry Division at Fort Ord, California, as an Infantry Platoon Leader. | On 22 October 1942, he sailed from Hampton Roads, Virginia, as part of the North African Invasion Force and participated in the D-Day landings in French Morocco. While in Africa, he participated in the Algeria-French Morocco and Tunisian Campaigns with the 3d Infantry Division. His next D-Day invasion was on the Southern coast of Sicily; following the Sicilian campaign he participated in the Naples-Foggia battles of Southern Italy. In January 1944, he landed at the Anzio Beachhead as part of the H-Hour amphibious forces, and, following the breakout from the beachhead, he was a member of the forces liberating Rome. Again a part of the D-Day invasion forces, he landed with his division on the San Tropez beaches of Southern France on 15 August 1944. | While in Europe, he took part in the battle campaigns of Southern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe. During this period, he served in combat successively as Platoon Leader, Company Commander, Battalion S-3, Executive Officer, Battalion Commander, and Regimental Executive Officer. | After serving six months in the occupational forces in Germany, he returned to the United States to attend the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth. Following completion of his studies at Fort Leavenworth, he was assigned to Washington, D.C. in April 1946. Initially with the Military District of Washington, he later served with the Plans and Operations Division, War Department General Staff, and as an Assistant Secretary of the General Staff. During this time he also attended the European Staff Officer's Course at Columbia University. He next attended George Washington University in preparation for assignment to the United States Military Academy at West Point where he served as an instructor in Military Psychology and Leadership and as Executive Officer of the Corps of Cadets. | After attending the Armed Forces Staff College, he assumed command of the 34th Infantry Regiment in Korea and later was assigned as Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3 Plans, of Allied Forces Far East/Eighth Army. He returned to the United States to attend the National War College and was subsequently assigned to the Office of the Chief of Legislative Liaison in Washington, D.C. He was next assigned as Chief of the Emergency Plans and Requirements Branch of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, with station in Paris, France. He assumed duty as Assistant Division Commander, 2d Armored Division, Fort Hood, Texas, on 4 March 1963. | Major General Ware's awards and decorations include: the Medal of Honor, Silver Star, Bronze Star Medal (Valor), Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster, Croix de Guerre with Gold Star, French Fourragere, Europe Africa Middle East Medal with arrowhead, American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Army Occupation Medal (Germany), Distinguished Unit Citation with Oak Leaf Cluster, National Defense Service Medal.
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<urn:uuid:5572fdb4-601f-42e4-b2aa-78fdd001eba1>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://ocsalumni.org/at_biz_dir/keith-l-ware/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.97442
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|
The Importance of Regular Dental Visits
Make dental visits part of your oral hygiene routine. Dental visits for children and adults should be every six months. Visit your dentist twice a year (or as recommended by your dental professional) to help keep tooth stains under control and identify oral hygiene issues before any serious problems arise. Have you ever wondered why the American Dental Association and your dentist recommend you come back every six months? It’s because regular dental visits are essential for the maintenance of healthy teeth and gums. And in between those examinations, it’s important that you work to keep your teeth and gums clean and healthy. It might help to think of coming to the Dentist twice a year like going to your Medical Doctor for your routine physicals. It is important to have regular dental exams and cleanings to be able to keep your mouth and gums healthy year after year.
What Goes On During a Regular Visit
Checking your teeth for tooth decay is just one part of a thorough dental examination. During your regularly scheduled dental appointments, we will look at your gums, mouth, tongue and throat. There are several routine parts to a dental examination: Don’t be surprised if the dentist also examines your face, bite, saliva and movement of your lower jaw joints (TMJs). Your dentist or dental hygienist will then clean your teeth and stress the importance of you maintaining good oral hygiene at home between visits. We will pay special attention to plaque and tartar. This is because plaque and tartar can build up in a very short time if good oral hygiene is not practiced between visits. Food, beverages and tobacco can stain teeth as well. If not removed, soft plaque can harden on the teeth and irritate the gum tissue. If not treated, plaque can lead to gum disease.
The Best Oral Hygiene Routine
An effective oral hygiene routine starts with a few simple steps:
- Brushing: To get the best oral hygiene results from toothbrushing, hold your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to your gums, according to the American Dental Association. Use short strokes to move the brush over each tooth. For complete oral hygiene, be sure you brush your teeth at least twice a day, including the front and back sides of all your upper and lower teeth. Also, gently brush your tongue. The American Dental Association recommends replacing your toothbrush every three months to maintain oral hygiene.
Flossing: Flossing helps maintain oral hygiene by removing bacteria from areas between the teeth that are hard to reach by brushing alone. To floss your teeth, start with an arms-length piece of floss, and wrap most of it around the middle finger of one hand. Wrap a small amount around the middle finger of the other hand. Move the floss carefully up and down between each tooth, and make a C-shape with the floss as you reach the gum line. As you move from tooth to tooth, maximize oral hygiene by unwinding new floss from one hand and wind the used floss onto the other hand. *Flossers are also a good alternative to flossing and may be easier for children and anyone with dexterity issues to use.
- Rinsing: You can also include a dental rinse (mouthwash) as part of your oral hygiene routine. A dental rinse is often recommended for additional oral hygiene if you wear braces.
Choose toothbrushes and types of dental floss that you find easy and comfortable to use and you’ll be more inclined to stick with your oral hygiene routine.
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<urn:uuid:1db83a28-8b9a-496e-b688-6819a4fe11b6>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www.edmonstonedental.com/category/uncategorized/page/2/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926253
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| 2.9375
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|
The latest buzzword on health and fitness is the term WELLNESS!
As we spend more time working and less time in the sack, we have come to realize that SLEEP is as important as food. Individually, we have to figured out what is “right” for each of us. We need to ensure a quiet, dark environment as part of our sleep routine. In addition, we have to prepare for sleep throughout the day. If that doesn’t help, then consider seeing a sleep specialist who can help if there is a medical condition affecting your sleep quality.
EAT food that looks like it does in its natural form (less processed food). Aim for at least 5 serving of vegetables a day. Drinking water can help, but so can eating a plant-based diet with high quality protein from plants (think beans or lentils) and meat (poultry and fish). Start the transformation by changing one thing in your diet and then build from there.
MOVE more! Our sedentary lifestyles are leading to our demise, therefore, moving your body is so important. Talk a walk, ride a bike, plant flowers, etc., just get your heart rate up and even lift some heavy things to build up your strength.
Finally, just RELAX! A simple outdoor walk can boost your immune system, lower your blood pressure, and decrease your main stress hormone, Cortisol. Meditation or journaling can reduce anxiety more than prescription medications; however, you have to schedule time to relax and then actually do it.
Wellness is becoming an everyday lexicon at work, home and schools. It’s more than a trend and the sooner you start doing, the sooner you will feel well.
Dr. John Valtos
The Heart Center – Madison Hospital
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<urn:uuid:d0caa826-739b-4e46-af2c-e68c0b4c6f9d>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.madisonalchamber.com/2020/02/05/changing-the-way-we-live-starts-one-minute-at-a-time/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950896
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|
Dietary guidelines around the world recommend increased intakes of fruits and non-starchy vegetables for the prevention of chronic diseases and possibly obesity. This study aimed to describe the association between body mass index (BMI) and habitual fruit and vegetable consumption in a large sample of 246,995 Australian adults aged 45 + year who had been recruited for the “45 and Up” cohort study. Fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using validated short questions, while weight and height were self-reported. Multinomial logistic regression was used, by sex, to assess the association between fruit and vegetable intake and BMI. Compared to the referent normal weight category (BMI 18.5 to 24.9), the odds ratio (OR) of being in the highest vegetable intake quartile was 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.14) for overweight women (BMI 25.0–29.9) and 1.18 (95% CI 1.12–1.24) for obese women. The association was in the opposite direction for fruit for overweight (OR 0.85; 95% CI 0.80–0.90) and obese women (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.69–0.80). Obese and overweight women had higher odds of being in the highest intake quartile for combined fruit and vegetable intake, and were more likely to meet the “2 and 5” target or to have five or more serves of fruit and vegetables per day. In contrast, overweight men were less likely to be in high intake quartiles and less likely to meet recommended target of 5 per day, but there was no consistent relationship between obesity and fruit and vegetable intake. Underweight women and underweight men were less likely to be in the highest intake quartiles or to meet the recommended targets. These data suggest that improving adherence to dietary targets for fruit and vegetables may be a dietary strategy to overcome overweight among men, but that overweight and obese women are already adhering to these targets. The association between fruit and vegetable intake and underweight in adults suggests that improving fruit and vegetables intakes are important for the overall dietary patterns of people in this group.
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<urn:uuid:27ed484d-7d94-4181-919f-133bd0c3a90b>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://scholars.uow.edu.au/display/publication91153
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972835
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|
Charter a Private Jet From Vegas To Vladivostok
First, you require to find the appropriate airplane that’s suitable for your needs and also secondly, you have to schedule an appropriate pilot. Charter a Private Jet From Vegas To Vladivostok
Reserving a private jet is no longer a choice. Currently, exclusive charters are quick coming to be one of the most preferred ways of traveling between nations. Many people also book an exclusive jet on their holidays.
The expense of personal flight might differ according to your destination as well as time of the year. The moment of the year and destination typically play essential roles in identifying the exclusive jet charges. For instance, if you’re going on holiday at the end of the year, you may obtain billed greater than what you would certainly expect during peak season. Charter a Private Jet From Vegas To Vladivostok
There are numerous reasons that chartering a lorry might be the most effective selection when you get on holiday. Among the most important elements is the safety of the traveling. A personal jet can be chartered in the most safe fashion feasible. The cabin crew will deal with all your security concerns, from the smallest of details to the protection check-out.
The other major factor when you’re aiming to charter a jet is the expense. This is established by the time and day of your traveling, the sort of airplane and also solutions you’re selecting and also your destination and time of the year. If you’re going to take a trip even more away from home after that it will cost you more. Nonetheless, if you’re going with a brief getaway and are taking just one aircraft, after that it is feasible to save a lot of cash by hiring an inexpensive plane.
Air charters are ending up being increasingly preferred as an inexpensive means of flight. There are a number of great companies providing private jets and also chartering them. These consist of SAA, Business, as well as Private aeronautics. You must compare prices as well as services prior to deciding which firm to go with. They all have their advantages and downsides.
SAA is possibly the most popular of the companies. They are based in Vladivostok and also use hiring solutions from Vegas to Ireland. SAA supplies aircrafts at inexpensive as well as provide a a great deal of add-on solutions. Nonetheless, they don’t fly out of Vegas, yet just to flight terminals in Vladivostok.
Venture is a smaller sized company. They have bases in Vegas, New York City and Dallas. They have been around for a very long time as well as are considered a few of the very best chartering firms worldwide. They are often in a timely manner as well as this is a significant variable when it concerns scheduling your ticket. It is more affordable to utilize Business than SAA and personal firms as they have less employees and do not fly out of Vegas.
Personal flying is a wonderful alternative however you need to be very mindful that you do not book a costly solution just because you want to conserve cash. Check out the trip pattern of the particular jet that you want to charter. When the chartering business are known for being less than on schedule, it can be a warning sign. A much better alternative might be to fly to a non-Hub airport terminal and after that charter a private jet from there. The process will certainly be slightly a lot more complex yet worth it if you are preparing to travel on a high-end solution like an imperial jet or a business jet.
There are numerous services that provide chartering an aircraft however there specify solutions related to particular service providers. As an example, there is an UK exclusive solution that just satisfies the rich as well as famous. Other airlines such as British Airways as well as Virgin Atlantic only cater to passengers that have a minimum age of traveling. Business can book tickets for any type of guest as long as the passenger meets all the needs.
When you look for a hiring firm in the internet you will locate that you have a big range of companies to select from. Select the most effective one for you relying on your budget, needs and preferences. There are certain points that you need to think about when comparing costs. To start with you should compare the prices. The majority of the moment the prices of hiring an aircraft will vary daily yet if you contrast numerous weeks or months you will certainly get a clear picture.
You need to likewise check out the solution supplied by the different business. You ought to always select those that will certainly assist you with details such as reservations or reimbursements. If you are taking a trip with your friend or family you can quickly schedule an exclusive jet on a discounted price so don’t hesitate to use an on-line travel site to get the best offer. Charter a Private Jet From Vegas To Vladivostok
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<urn:uuid:c275c172-8d65-419f-894f-80aa30928adb>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.fillupflyer.com/charter-a-private-jet-from-vegas-to-vladivostok-best-online-deals/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965184
| 999
| 1.59375
| 2
|
Yesterday in Reception we launched the ‘Big Bird Watch’. The Big Bird watch is a project based on looking after the Birds, making sure they have a safe environment to live in. At Park we’re very lucky to have our own Woodland area where we can make sure the animals who live in our environment are safe and have food. Yesterday, the Recepion children went into the woods and placed bird seed in and around the woodland for the birds to feed freely. Today, we’re going to be making environmental friendly bird feeders to hang in the trees around our school.
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<urn:uuid:0c0d6b63-7c40-4591-82cf-3729e2be58dd>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.parkacademyboston.net/we-love-spending-time-in-our-woodland/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959871
| 123
| 2.078125
| 2
|
When writing a resignation letter, you may want to consider the following:
-Your reason for resigning -How long you have been with the company -What you plan to do next
It is important to be concise and to the point. The letter should include the following:
The date of the letter
The name of the company
The name of the person who is resigning
The reason for the resignation
The date that the resignation will take effect
The signature of the employee
Dear [Name of Company],
I am writing to inform you that I am resigning from my position at [Company Name]. This decision has been a difficult one, but I feel that it is the right one for me. I would like to thank you for the opportunity to have worked at [Company Name] and I wish you all the best in the future.
[Name of Employee]
I am writing to inform you that I am resigning from my position as [position] at [company name]. Thank you for the opportunity to work for you, but I have decided to pursue other opportunities.
Sincerely, [Your name]
I am writing to inform you that I am resigning from my position effective immediately. Thank you for the opportunity to have worked here, but I have decided to move on to other pursuits.
Sincerely, [Your Name]
I am writing to inform you that I am retiring from my position at [Company Name] as of [Date]. I have enjoyed my time here and appreciate all the opportunities that have been given to me, but I am now ready to move on to the next stage of my life.
Thank you for everything, and I hope that we can stay in touch.
I regret to inform you that I am resigning from my position effective [date]. I have come to the realization that this job is not a good fit for me, and I am no longer interested in continuing to work here.
Thank you for the opportunity to have worked for you, and I wish you all the best in the future.
Sincerely, [Your name]
I regret to inform you that I am resigning from my position at [Company Name]. This was not an easy decision for me to make, but I feel it is the best decision for me at this time.
Thank you for the opportunity to work at [Company]
Sincerely, [Your name]
I am writing to inform you that I am resigning from my position as [position] with [company]. This has been a difficult decision to make, but I feel that it is time for me to move on to new challenges.
I have appreciated the opportunity to work for [company] and I want to thank you for all of the support you have given me. I will always remember the good times we have had and I wish you all the best in the future.
Sincerely, [Your name]
If you want to create a personalized letter of resignation, try our letter of resignation generator free! With it, you can dynamically generate many letter of resignation examples and templates that you can modify as you need.
Paraphrasing is a natural part of the writing process as it helps you clarify your thinking and suit your words to your audience. Using a Paraphrase Tool helps structure and streamline this work, and our paraphrase tool offers 20 modes, many of them free, for accomplishing just this. The 20 modes we offer are diverse, including a summarize tool, a free grammar checker, a mode to simplify text, and a sentence shortener. There are sentence rephrasers and paraphrase rephrase tools, and we pride ourselves on having both, since our reword generator accounts for context at both the sentence and paragraph levels.
When you google paraphrase you will get a variety of results, from a free Paraphrase Tool, to an article spinner, to a general phrase tool, and it can be hard to determine which of these rephrase tools will best help you complete your work. If you simply need to get a word rephrase, that is, reword only small elements within the sentence, many tools will suffice, but there is the risk that you end up with a tool that does not consider context and produces very awkward and ungrammatical sentences. Rephrasing is very much an art, and we’ve built our paraphrase bot to produce the most correct results in 20 modes in over 100 languages, making it the best paraphrasing tool at an exceptionally low cost. So whether you need to paraphrase deutsch, paraphrase greek, or paraphrase bahasa melayu, the next time you think, I need something to paraphrase this for me, you’ll know where to turn.
Generating paragraphs with unique ideas can be challenging, and too often writers get stuck at this stage of the writing process. With our paragraph tool, you can enter keywords and let our AI generate paragraphs for you, so that you can have something to work with, refine the output, and become more engaged in your writing.
A paragraph generator creates links between your ideas, such that the output is sensible, unique, and stimulating, very close to what you would expect a thoughtful human paragraph writer to produce.
Paragraph makers are nice, but what about a short story generator? Because our AI is generalized, it serves a story generator, an essay generator, a poem generator, and much more. To generate compelling stories, you should provide the story generator with useful keywords from which it can develop plot elements, including characters, setting details, and any situational information. To generate reasonably good essays, you should likewise provide the essay maker with details around argumentative positions and any other pertinent ideas. If you more specifically want an introduction paragraph generator or conclusion paragraph generator, you can provide starter text and keywords that will best enable our essay creator to produce them.
You may well ask, “is this essay generator free?” Everything on this site is free within a 3-day trial, so you can test and develop confidence in our products. You may also be wondering where this is an essay automatic writer or if it will take a while to get results. All results appear within a matter of seconds, so you can move through your work as quickly as possible.
You may have professional needs for creating paragraphs as well, such as those needed for cover letter. Most of the time a cover letter template includes information that is not relevant to you; by using your own keywords, we can produce cover letter examples that are relevant to your use case and often require very little editing. By using this service, you can also learn how to write a cover letter and achieve the cover letter format you need.
Like everything else on our site, you can check plagiarism free within a trial, which is a great opportunity for those who want to check a paper for plagiarism without committing to paying before they see results. This free plagiarism checker is great for students and clearly indicates how to check for plagiarism by highlighting areas of similarity between the two texts. Just to be sure you are not accidentally plagiarizing, be sure to check all of your paraphrases as well.
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<urn:uuid:6afba392-2ee6-4286-950b-00b4862281cb>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://paraphrasetool.com/blog/how-to-write-a-letter-of-resignation
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz
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en
| 0.947204
| 1,526
| 1.820313
| 2
|
Earth Friendly Candles
Earth Friendly Candles
Natalie here with some fun candle knowledge. I started out researching why one candle is better for you than another, but I found what I feel is a bit more important message, making more earth friendly candles. And I kept finding myself asking the same question over and over; What is it made of?
WAX. Soy wax (and other natural waxes) vs. Paraffin. I first set out to write about the benefits of a soy candle over a regular paraffin candle. I discovered the National Candle Association ( I didn’t even know they existed!) who states on their website that “All types of quality candle waxes have been shown to burn cleanly, safely and in the same manner.” So as of right now, I have not come to a final conclusion on candle wax and indoor air quality, but let’s look what the wax is made of.
Soy wax, as you can guess, is made from soy beans. Yay! Plants! Paraffin is an oil extract from petroleum. I did not delve into how the soy bean is turned into wax and how paraffin is extracted from petroleum. Personally, I’d rather have a candle that is made out of a plant, a renewable resource that can be grown again and again.
Wicks. Wicks can be made out of basically anything that burns. But the most popular choices are cotton, paper, and tin mixes. There is a lot of information out there about why one wick is better than another, and (surprisingly) wick care, but again it comes down to knowing what wick is made of. All of our candles here at Vivid feature cotton or paper wicks.
Packaging! We all love pretty packaging, we have to ask, what is made of? While not all of the brands we carry here at Vivid say what their packaging is made of one brand boasts. Illume‘s website proudly states “all packaging is made from recycled materials, are recyclable, or in vessels designed for reuse.”
Though, another one of our brands, Paddywax does provide answers on how to remove the last bit of wax and does give a few ideas on what you can make with your now empty candle vessel. More on that later! 😉
Shipping. How far did this product have to travel from where it’s made to your hands? It’s hard to find out where all the individual pieces that go into the candle come from but we do know that all our candles here at Vivid are poured here in the USA!
Votivo, the third brand of candle that we carry, is made only 170- ish miles away in Spartanburg, South Carolina. So if you are looking for something that didn’t have to travel thousands of miles, we’ve got the candle ( or candles 😀 ) for you!
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<urn:uuid:eb1377db-30ae-45b5-a792-0efc227538a7>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.vivid-interiors.com/earth-friendly-candles/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956659
| 614
| 2.125
| 2
|
Creative Potential of Post Graduate Students of Scheduled Caste Category Studying In Different Academic Stream In Different Universities of Haryana State |
Language is the best way ofcommunication. It is language, which shows the personality of man. Politespeaker wins the hearts of others and user of rude language loses his dignity.Ben Johnson says, “Language most shows a man, speak that I may see thee.” Language creativity means use of language indifferent way beyond common people. Only that person can do this, which has anability to play with words during writing and speaking. Writers, (novelists,poet, play writers etc.) Best Speakers come in this category. They have anability to use words creatively or in best order, on the basis of affords doneby creative writers, poetry is known as ‘best words in best order’. This paper deals with creativepotential of post graduate students of scheduled caste category studying indifferent academic steam (science, arts and commerce) in different universitiesof Haryana state. Language creative potential in Hindi is assessed on the basisof language creativity test deigned by Dr. S P Malhotra and Sucheta Kumari(1989). To what extent the demographic affects the creative potential ofScheduled caste students has been addressed hereunder.
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<urn:uuid:90cedfaf-be28-4c61-964f-dafc7d0cef04>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://ignited.in/I/a/1892
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947142
| 268
| 2.21875
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On the surface, co-ops may look like any other business, but it’s what goes on behind the scenes that makes the difference. Along with a Mission, Oryana operates in accordance with the 7 Cooperative Principles (see below), ensuring its Owners have a say in the decisions the business makes, and 6 Ends Policies, that help guide everyday decisions. Rather than rewarding outside investors with profits, a co-op returns surplus revenue to its Owners and its community. This cooperative approach to business results in a powerful economic force that benefits the co-op, its Owners and the communities it serves.
So how does this all work financially? The capital the Co-op uses to help support its existence comes from yearly ownership equity investment (or what you may call your Member Fee). Owners contribute equitably to, and democratically control the capital of their cooperative. This equity investment is refundable to owners who choose not to continue their ownership. If the cooperative experiences a good financial year and the Board and GM do not foresee a need to reinvest the money back into the co-op, then a portion of an Owner’s purchases is returned to them. When we say it’s your business, we mean it!
The decision-making power in a co-op belongs to all the owners (rather than a minority of corporate shareholders.) To ensure this democratic control, Oryana is governed by a board of directors, elected from the general ownership, to 3-year terms. These elections are held at the annual General Ownership Meeting that usually takes place in April. Board positions are open to all owners in good standing as per our bylaws, and all owners have equal voting rights.
Those owners who serve on the board are accountable to the ownership. Owners (via the board and special votes) actively participate in setting policies and making decisions for the organization. Open board meetings are held monthly. Dates, times and locations are posted at the Co-op prior to all meetings. A co-op isn’t a co-op without the voices of its Owners, so your input is always welcome and encouraged.
The 7 Cooperative Principles
From the earliest days of the Rochdale Pioneers, cooperatives have emphasized the importance of honest dealings in the marketplace: accurate measurements, reliable quality and fair prices. Members have insisted that their enterprises have honest dealings with them. This in turn has led to honest dealings with non-members and a unique level of openness throughout the organization. The following 7 principles were adopted in 1995.
1.Voluntary and open membership (anyone can shop, everyone can own)
This principle has changed little from the 1966 version. It implies that individuals must not be coerced into cooperative membership. Rather, their participation as active and responsible members should be based on a clear understanding of the values for which cooperatives stand and support for those values. At the same time, while membership is open, the principle assumes the member is able to use the services provided and is willing to take on the responsibilities of membership. This language recognizes that some cooperatives may close membership based on ability to use the cooperative or on a limit to the number of members the cooperative can effectively serve. The important idea here, however, is that cooperatives do not discriminate against potential members based on their inherent characteristics (social, racial, political, religious or gender). Particularly important is the addition of gender as a category in the 1995 principles. The ICA Women’s Committee has worked long and hard to have gender added to the list and to ensure that the organization’s expectations for cooperative enterprises are clearly expressed.
As U.S. food cooperatives learn to survive in intensely competitive markets, the membership principle and associated principles of education and member control take on critical importance. Members value their cooperatives only when they believe that the cooperative understands and serves their needs well. The membership cannot carry out its unique cooperative responsibilities if it is uninformed, nor if it is unable to be heard by its elected representatives. The open membership principle obligates elected leaders, managers and staff to elicit information from the entire membership body (not just a subset of organized opinion) and to understand their members and potential members fully regardless of their religious or political beliefs, their gender or sexual preference or their cultural or social background. The special relationship between the cooperative and the people it serves is a unique characteristic of cooperative business.
2.Democratic Member Control through the elected Board of Directors (Owners help determine what our future should look like)
Building on the principle of open and voluntary membership, the principle of democratic member control defines the way in which members will make decisions. It assumes that members will participate in setting policy and giving broad direction to cooperative activities in a way in which no member has no greater “voice” than any other member. This principle is closely related to the “one member, one vote” principle of the 1966 revision. The new principle, however, gives specific attention to the potentially different voting structures that may be put in place in secondary cooperatives. When cooperatives (rather than individuals) are members of secondary cooperatives, the one member, one vote rule may result in substantial inequities for the individual members of member cooperatives. For example, if a cooperative of 1,000 members and a cooperative of 25 members each have one vote in the affairs of their cooperative distributor, the 25 members of the smaller cooperative have a stronger proportional voice than do the 1,000 members. For this reason, the principle clearly addresses the possible need for different voting procedures at the distributor level in order for voting to be democratic.
3.Member Economic Participation (Owners contribute to and help control the co-op’s capital)
This principle deals directly with the very difficult problem of capital acquisition by cooperatives in amounts large enough to compete effectively with vast global industries. Throughout this history, cooperatives have been built on the premise that capital is a servant of the enterprise, rather than the master. Cooperative activities are organized to meet member needs, not to accumulate capital in the hands of investors. In the past, the principle of capital as servant led to a belief that resources generated by profitable cooperative enterprises should be returned to labor, rather than concentrated in the hands of owners of capital, by strictly limiting returns to invested funds.
It has not always been clear what role, if any, is played by non-member capital investment, or investment by members beyond the “fair share” required. Although members own millions of dollars that they might invest in cooperatives, the previous restrictions on dividends to be paid on capital did not encourage them to invest beyond the required amounts. Consequently, cooperatives have repeatedly been unable to generate equity for capital intensive projects; nor have they been able to maintain the value of invested capital during inflationary times. The strict limitation on dividends to capital has been lifted in the 1995 principles which now imply that cooperatives compensate capital and labor fairly.
In order to retain the democratic nature of the enterprise, members of cooperatives are expected to contribute capital equitably and to democratically control the capital of the business. To retain the community centered nature of the enterprise and the belief that strength comes from pooling resources to engage in mutual self-help, there is an underlying expectation that a portion of the cooperative’s capital should be owned collectively by all members. Finally, the principle also gives guidance to members on possible uses for surpluses generated by the enterprise. Interestingly, two of the suggested three uses are designed to provide community rather than individual benefits.
4.Autonomy and Independence (democratic Owner control is maintained through the elected Board of Directors)
In the thirty years since the passage of the 1966 Cooperative Principles, numerous third world countries used cooperatives as an intentional part of their social and economic development strategies. Where there are many instances of successful development through cooperatives, the overall record is mixed at best. Even though the intent was to develop self-reliant member-controlled enterprises, government initiation and support was necessary to begin the cooperative ventures. Unfortunately, many of the governments, especially in centrally planned economies, were unable to withdraw from the cooperatives. Instead, cooperatives, closely controlled by government functionaries, became inefficient, bureaucratic and poorly managed. Independence and autonomy was never realized.
The new autonomy and independence principle emphasizes that cooperatives must be free of intervention from governments or other sources so that ultimately the members are able to control their own destiny.
5.Education, Training and Information (we educate ourselves and others on the relationship between good food and good health)
Education continues to be a priority of the cooperative movement in the new Statement of Identity. The background paper on the principle emphasizes that cooperative education is more than advertising product or distributing information. It is critical to the effective and informed participation of members which lies at the core of the cooperative definition. “It means engaging the minds of members, elected leaders, managers and employees to comprehend fully the complexity and richness of cooperative thought and action.” The rewritten principle also highlights the importance of educating the young and opinion leaders about the nature and benefits of cooperation. If cooperatives are to be part of the solution to many of the world’s problems, people must be not only aware of the concept, they must appreciate it and be willing to participate in it. Such active involvement will not occur if people do not understand cooperative enterprise.
6.Cooperation Among Cooperatives (we’re stronger together)
Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and international structures. For example, Oryana is a member of National Co-op Grocers (NCG) which pools and shares resources among grocery co-operatives throughout the United States.
7.Concern for Community (sharing and caring)
Grounded in the values of social responsibility and caring for others, this new principle gives articulation to the cooperative interest in making contributions to a better society at large. By taking ownership over portions of the economy, cooperative members are saying, in effect, we can meet our needs and the needs of others better than they are currently being met. Because the effort is a mutual one, cooperative members understand that to provide for any member is to provide for all members.
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- This post contains affiliate links. Read more here.
- Not a substitute for professional veterinary help.
We know seasonal changes can influence the human disposition—a condition called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Winter’s shorter days decrease our exposure to sunlight for long periods. This can alter the brain’s chemistry, causing increases in melatonin production and decreases in the production of serotonin, the compound that improves mood and social function.
Those who struggle with Seasonal Affective Disorder can experience a variety of symptoms, including loss of appetite, low energy, and a general sadness that persists until the days lengthen again in the spring. Since there are similarities between dog and human brains, it’s reasonable to wonder whether the winter doldrums also affect our pets.
Observed Behavioral Changes During Winter Months
One survey in the U.K. found that one in three pet owners noticed changes in their pets’ behavior during winter months. Some of these included:
- More frequent barking
- Increases in aggression and destructive behavior
- Decreases in playfulness
- More time spent sleeping
- Weight loss or reduced appetite
- Increased shedding or loss of fur
While it stands to reason that dogs could be similarly affected by the seasons, it’s important to note that the survey conducted in the U.K. only measured dog owners’ perceptions, and was not a scientific study. As PetMD notes, “there is not enough data to support a definitive diagnosis of SAD in pets.”
Other Possible Explanations for Symptoms of SAD in Dogs
There may be other reasons why dogs appear to feel “meh” during cold, dark months. For one, we know that dogs often mirror their owners’ behaviors and moods. Dogs’ emotional capacity enables them to intuit or recognize certain human behaviors and respond in kind.
For example, a dog living with a human experiencing Seasonal Affective Disorder will notice a shift in the owners’ behavior to a more sedentary and low-energy lifestyle. The dog can pick up on the quiet or depressed feeling in the home, and begin to embody that same disposition as a way of adapting to his environment. And because of dogs’ attachment to their owners, they’re likely to stay close by, joining in whatever the human is doing, whether running around or lying low.
But the winter months may make it more difficult to get outside for exercise and play. The resulting accumulation of “inside time” may simply lead to boredom. Dogs thrive on physical activity, play, and smelling all the smells outside. When they’re deprived of this stimulation, they’re likely to feel bored, which can look a lot like depression.
How to Help Your Dog Through the Winter Blahs
Whether or not dogs technically suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder, there are things you can do to keep your dog happier and brighter if you notice her mood lagging in the winter.
- Fight the urge to hibernate, and get outside with your pet as much as possible, even if the weather isn’t ideal. The physical activity and exposure to sunlight (however dim) will help alleviate mood slumps.
- Try to increase light exposure as much as possible. Move your dog’s bed closer to the window that receives the most light during the day. Try to get outdoors for a walk (even a short walk) during the brightest part of the day. Or consider introducing artificial light into your home. Light boxes provide a substitute for the waning light during winter months, and can help return melatonin and serotonin to normal levels.
- Create playtime indoors. You definitely want to spend the bulk of your dog toy budget during winter, especially if you live in a cold climate! Invest in a few interactive puzzle toys or brain teasers, like this one, for your pet. Don’t just leave the toys lying around the house, but get down on the floor with your dog, play a little tug-of-war or fetch down the hallway. This mental stimulation and the interactive play will not only strengthen the bond between you and your pet but also stave off boredom and gloominess for both of you!
- Be careful with supplements. Humans experiencing Seasonal Affective Disorder are encouraged to take vitamin D, but this is not recommended for dogs. Too much vitamin D can be toxic to dogs, and most store-bought dog food provides sufficient vitamin D. Omega-3 fatty acids like fish oil, however, can help improve a dog’s cognitive function. But check with your veterinarian before adding this to your dog’s diet.
While we can’t say for sure that dogs are susceptible to Seasonal Affective Disorder, we know some owners see mood changes in their dogs during wintertime. Winter makes a lot of us want to hole up, stay warm, binge TV, and snuggle. But keep an eye out for changes if your dog shows any of the symptoms described here, and make an extra effort to keep your pet active, engaged, and having fun.
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Security lights can be a great way of helping us to feel safer in our homes. They let us know when people are near our front door, back door, or back gate. Wherever you place one, you will always know if something is there, and they can act as a fantastic deterrent. However, they can also be expensive to run due to their powerful beams, which can also negatively impact the environment. One of the best alternatives to this is to purchase solar panel security lights – which cost nothing for you to run and are just as powerful as regular ones.
How Does Solar Energy Work?
It’s always good to understand just how solar energy works. The basic definition is that solar energy is energy that is provided by the sun. When this energy is gathered and converted into solar power, it can then be used to provide businesses and home with electricity and/or heating.
The generation of solar power is also quite a simple concept. It is generated by a smooth surface that works to collect energy (normally a solar panel or panels). This surface also works to convert the captured energy into heat or electricity. There are actually two main ways in which solar energy can be converted into solar power.
First, you have photovoltaic conversion (PV). This is also known as direct conversion. It is currently the most commonly used form of generating solar energy (as well as the form that is used to power things like security lights). It involves the use of solar panels, or solar PV, for the generation of electricity.
Secondly, you have solar thermal conversion. This is also known as indirect conversion. It is a method that is used to generate heat, and in recent years the popularity of this form has only been increasing. It involves the use of a thermal collector to generate the heat so that your water or home can be warmed using solar power.
Solar panel garden lights will use the PV form of solar power generation. They have little solar panels installed in them so that they can generate and store power during the day, ready for use at night. However, there is not just one form of garden light to choose from – there are actually quite a few.
When it comes to solar panel security lights, the PV form of solar power generation will be used (as mentioned previously). Typically, you will find the solar panel has been installed on the light, but this is not always the case. This is an aspect that will be looked at in more detail later on.
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Types of Security Light
There are three main types of solar panel security light that you can choose from. More information on each of these can be found below.
High Level Usage
This refers to areas that have a lot of traffic over the course of the night, so places like busy driveways or even commercial buildings. High levels of usage count as a light being activated more than 15 times in the night. As a result, if you are expecting these levels of activity it is advised that you purchase a light with a high watt panel and a large capacity battery.
This refers to the type of security light that is most commonly purchased by homeowners. They are perfect for average amounts of activation in the night, and are also ideal for installation in your garden. This provides you with a little light when you go to let the dog or cat out, as well as when you have people over for evening drinks. These lights will tend to have a slightly lower wattage and battery capacity than their high usage counterparts.
Low Level Usage
This refers to lights that will not be activated very often at all during the night. Generally, these security lights are best suited for installation on your garden shed, or a gate at the bottom of the garden that leads to a field or alleyway. They will tend to have an average wattage so that the area remains well-lit, but you can expect the battery capacity to be a lot smaller as it is only expected to turn on a couple of times in the night.
The Position of the Solar Panel
When it comes to the position of the solar panel on the security lights, there are actually two different locations. Some will have the solar panel installed on the top of the light, allowing it to absorb sunlight during the day. This is also the most common position for the solar panel.
You can also get security lights that have separate solar panels that connect up to the light. These are usually able to offer an amazing 700 lumens of power, as well as stand being activated well over 500 times in one night. They tend to be a lot higher in terms of price, but they are perfect for busy areas as well as commercial use.
Want to Know More?
Have you found yourself interested in solar panels? If you want to know more then make sure you head to our marketplace where you can find our full range of products, each with the relevant information. Or simply give us a ring using the number at the top of this page and have a chat.
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Publication Date: August 12, 2020
Source: The Washington Post (By Louisa Loveluck, Chris Mooney; Photos by Gabriel Chaim for The Washington Post)
Door handles blistering to the touch. Leaves yellowed and brittle. And a yawning divide between AC haves and have-nots.
BAGHDAD — This city roars in the summertime. You hear the generators on every street, shaking and shuddering to keep electric fans whirring as the air seems to shimmer in the heat.
Iraq isn’t just hot. It’s punishingly hot. Record-breakingly hot. When one of us returned here last week, the air outside felt like an oven. The suitcase crackled as it was unzipped. It turned out that the synthetic fibers of a headscarf had melted crispy and were now stuck to the top of the case. A cold bottle of water was suddenly warm to the lips. At our office, the door handle was so hot it left blisters at the touch.
Baghdad hit 125.2 degrees on July 28, blowing past the previous record of 123.8 degrees — which was set here five years ago — and topping 120 degrees for four days in a row. Sitting in one of the fastest warming parts of the globe, the city offers a troubling snapshot of the future that climate change might one day bring other parts of the world.
Experts say temperature records like the one seen in Baghdad will continue to be broken as climate change advances.
“It’s getting hotter every year,” said Jos Lelieveld, an expert on the climate of the Middle East and Mediterranean at the Max Planck Institute in Germany. “And when you are starting to get above 50 degrees Celsius [122 degrees Fahrenheit] it becomes life threatening.”
The air temperature forced almost everyone indoors. Those who were still out on the streets tried to make a living selling cold drinks or fruit that festered in the heat. We saw them crouching in shade from a beating sun that offered few shadows, plunging their hands and faces into ice boxes which had long since melted.
We asked a traffic cop if there was anything he could do to stay cool. He shook his head. “There’s nothing.”
If the world acts to dramatically limit climate change, such extremes of heat, with temperatures above 120 degrees, would probably be limited to parts of the Middle East, Northern Africa, and India, Lelieveld said.
But if not, temperatures in parts of the Persian Gulf region and South Asia could eventually exceed 130 degrees. Nor would the rest of the world be spared extreme spikes. Indeed, one recent study found that by the year 2050, the climate of Phoenix could closely resemble that of Baghdad.
Some countries are better equipped to cope than others. But Iraq’s infrastructure was decimated by sanctions before the 2003 U.S. invasion and then years of conflict and corruption that followed.
The heat is ruining livelihoods, and power cuts have been compounding a sense of misery so deep that protesters are streaming into the streets to demand better services, even risking the threat of live ammunition from ill-disciplined security forces. At least three protesters have been killed since last month. No one believes they will be the last.
The heat is straining a power grid that was already on its knees. Those who can afford it rely on exorbitantly priced private generators to power a few lights and a fan. Those who cannot just swelter, exhausted in the dark.
Last year, Philip Alston, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, warned of a coming “climate apartheid” scenario. This is what it starts to look like.
Many foreigners in Iraq are lucky. The Washington Post’s Baghdad bureau has a generator and near constant power supply, putting us in a tiny minority, along with the politicians and executives sequestered in compounds with guards at the door. But for many households, a generator to keep the lights and perhaps a television on will cost about half of the monthly income.
In southern Iraq, the heat and lack of rainfall are contributing to a water crisis that has forced tens of thousands of people to leave their homes over the past decade. In July, a report by the International Organization for Migration warned there is a high chance this will continue.
Warming in the country is far above average. Data from Berkeley Earth show that, compared with the country’s temperature at the close of the 19th century (1880-1899), the last five years were 2.3 degrees Celsius, or 4.1 degrees Fahrenheit, hotter. The Earth as a whole has only warmed by about half that amount over the same time period.
Farmers whose families have worked the land for generations say they are losing crops and their incomes are plunging. In the eastern district of Al-Adhamiyah this week, 47-year-old Moatez Ghalib surveyed the grove of plants he was trying to sell for homes and balconies. Leaves curled yellow. Some were so brittle you could snap them.
He looked down at his feet. “It’s all burning,” he said sadly. “The heat here is changing our lives.”
When you talk to Iraqis about the rising heat in Baghdad, the city’s disappearing green belt comes up time and again. Palm trees were beheaded by American and Iraqi forces, in an attempt to stop militants hiding there during the civil war. Where there once were miles of farmland, property has been expropriated and sold to the highest bidder. The squat brown-brick sprawl of informal settlements is also spreading.
Such changes in the landscape have probably exacerbated what scientists call the “urban heat island effect,” in which cities tend to register higher temperatures than the surrounding landscape because buildings and pavement often gather heat, rather than reflecting it back toward space.
Ghalib’s family has worked two of the remaining farms for three generations. His grandfather passed the family farm onto Ghalib’s father, and now the 47-year-old is in charge of it too. As a schoolboy, he watered the fields daily. “Being here in the green land, it relaxed me. I’d stay here for hours before going home to finish my homework,” he said. “We can’t have that life anymore. It’s too hot.”
One of his day laborers was out for 10 days last week with sunstroke, and the farm couldn’t pay him as he convalesced. “The sun burned his bones,” Ghalib said. “Our bodies can’t take it, we just can’t work like we used to.” He is coming to terms with the fact his children will not take over the farm, a prospect that he says would have stricken his late father.
A desert country like Iraq is warming more rapidly, explained MIT climate expert Elfatih Eltahir, because it is so dry. While additional heat in many places would partially go toward evaporating moisture in the soil, there just isn’t much such moisture in Iraq.
If there’s some sliver of good news, it is that at least in Baghdad, which is relatively distant from the Persian Gulf, an extremely high heat event like this one is less likely to also feature high levels of atmospheric humidity.
Combinations of high heat and humidity, Eltahir has found, can lead to literally lethal outdoor temperatures because humans are unable to cool down their bodies through sweating. And his research projects that these conditions will start to occur in some parts of the Middle East as warming continues.
While Iraq has seen its temperatures rise unusually fast, the rest of the world is projected to see similar increases in the decades ahead. Extreme warming is coming everywhere.
As the tangerine-colored sun slipped below the Baghdad skyline Thursday, a construction worker looked up, shook his head, and then stretched out his arms as if he was hugging the sky.
“Thank God,” he shouted at another laborer, nodding up at where the sun once hung. “Our friend has gone to bed.”
Mooney reported from Washington. Mustafa Salim contributed from Baghdad
Original Post >>
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Seasonal Variations of Clonal Propagation Characteristics of Populus pruinosa Schrenk,Organ Nutrient and Soil Fertility, and Their Coupling Associations in the Forest and Forest Edges
ZHENG Ya-Qiong, ZHAI Jun-Tuan, CHEN Jia-Li, HAN Zhan-Jiang, JIAO Pei-Pei, LI Zhi-Jun
Related Articles |
Propagation features elucidation is important for improving ecological service of poplar forests in arid regions. We studied the relationship between the occurrence of clonal organs of Populus pruinosa Schrenk and soil nutrient content during the clonal propagation, and their variations affected by the forest edge. The sample plot was set up vertical to channel of Tarim River upper reaches in Xinjiang, China, in the riparian forest(400 m away from the river channel) and forest edge(200 m away from the river channel) separately. The number of adventitious buds, underground ramets and unearthed ramets in two habitats was investigated every 20 days from April to October in 2014, and the nutrient contents of lateral roots and soil were also measured. The results show that:(1)The content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and organic carbon of lateral roots increased gradually from April to June, and decreased gradually from July to October, which is consistent with the trend of number variation of the adventitious buds and underground ramets during this period, and also show a spontaneously trend with gradually increased soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content and available potassium content or maintain at a high level from April to June, and decreased gradually thereafter from July to October. Whereas, the C/N ratio of lateral roots decreased gradually from April to June, after a slightly increasing and decreasing again, the N/P ratio also decreased gradually from April to June, but show an increasing trend in the forest edge or remain unchanging in the forest after a significant decrease in July. (2)The number of adventitious buds was affected by total nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of lateral roots, the number of underground ramets was affected by the content of total nitrogen, organic carbon and carbon-nitrogen ratio of lateral roots both in the forest and forest edge. In the forest edge, the number of adventitious buds was close related to the content of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium, and there was also a significant correlation between the underground ramets and the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus, as well as a significant correlation between the soil nutrients and the total nitrogen, C/N ratio and N/P ratio of lateral roots, while, the main factors affected by soil nutrients in the forest were total nitrogen and N/P ratio of lateral roots. (3)The number of adventitious buds, underground ramets and unearthed ramets in the forest was significantly lower than that in the forest edge. Soil nutrient content affected the number of adventitious buds, underground ramets and unearthed ramets by influencing the nutrient content of lateral roots. P.pruinosa is one of the few national protected plants in P.pruinosa forest play an important role on ecological services in local area, our results provide a basic data support for the conservation strategy formulation based on the clonal propagation of P.pruinosa forest.
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highly doubt caffeine is causing your kidney stones, it's far more likely the sugar. one can of redbull contains a whopping 27g of sugar. that's already close to the daily maximum that most public health agencies around the world recommended limiting to.
avoid excess sugar (or just avoid it entirely, excluding non-processed fructose) and excess sodium, and stay hydrated at all times preferably with water. switch from energy drinks to instant coffee or plain tea and taper off with fewer drinks per week if you dont want to deal with caffeine withdrawal symptoms, and don't add creams/honey/sugar.
any more than what you'd naturally get from consuming fruits, sugar is poisonous to your health, it destroys your heart, teeth, kidneys, liver, etc. imo it should be a viewed as a drug and toxin, but it'll never be due to the stanglehold the confectionery industry has over virtually every country's culture and political system
personally I down some water upon waking and 10 mins before sleep so I wake up needing to piss, that seems to wake me up good enough
You're probably right, I've been drinking a lot of milk shakes and stuff lately. I'm just gonna quit it all and see how it goes. I'll give in a month for now.
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Want to learn a language spoken by more people than speak English and Spanish combined? Want to communicate with people in one of the world’s largest economies? The Chinese Program in the Department of Comparative Literature offers both a major and a minor in Chinese Language and Literature. Study of Chinese gives you access to a culture and history shared by nearly a fifth of the world’s population and to one of the longest continuous literary traditions. Study-abroad in Asia is encouraged. Courses include introductory and intermediate language, literary Chinese, and courses in Chinese and Asian literature and culture.
The program pays equal attention to the four language skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Graduates will be able to read diverse Chinese texts as well as discuss complex social and literary issues both in spoken and written Chinese.
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BY CHHAVI PRIYA TANWAR
Cybercrime is those crimes committed by the Internet with the help of devices such as laptops, computers, tablets, etc., that come under cybercrime. If we talk about cybercrime, many times crimes committed inadvertently, or deliberately, or sometimes in-jokes, or taking it very lightly are called cybercrime.
Cyber Law is the law governing cyberspace.
Cyberspace includes computers, networks, software, data storage devices (such as hard disks, USB disks, etc), the Internet, website, emails, and even electronic devices such as cell phones, ATM machines, etc.
Cybercrime can be any crime where the computer is used as an object or subject.
The category of CYBER SRIME includes cybercrime against individuals, cybercrime against property, and cybercrime against government.
Cyber Law also called IT Law is the law regarding Information-technology including computers and the Internet. In simple words, cyber law is the law for illegal works by using the Internet.
This law has been made for criminals who create their own fake profiles through social media on the Internet, create illegal websites, and try to make money from them or to make a profit of themselves.
Cyber law has been made for crimes happening on the Internet.
Cybercrime can be avoided with the help of cyber law.
Cyber law is created to help protect people and organizations from malicious people.
Need cyber law
-The Internet has changed our lives dramatically.
-The transition from paper to paperless world.
-Real-world laws cannot be interpreted in light of emerging cyberspace.
-The Internet requires a competent and supportive legal infrastructure to tune over time.
The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) was enacted on 17 October 2000.
The primary objectives of the Act include providing legal recognition to electronic commerce and facilitating the filing of electronic records with the government.
The Information Technology (IT) Act 2000 consisted of 94 sections separated into 13 chapters.
IT Act-2000 OBJECTIVES
Provides legal recognition for the transaction.
Facilitates electronic filing with government agencies.
IT Act-2000 to amend Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act, 1872, The Banker Book Evidence Act, 1891 and Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
All electronic records have the purpose of providing a legal framework.
IT Act AMENDMENT-2008
The Information Technology Amendment Act, 2008 (IT Act 2008) has been passed or enacted by the Parliament on 23 December 2008.
The IT Act AMENDMENT-2008 received the approval of the President of India on 5 February 2009.
The IT Act 2008 was notified on October 27, 2009.
Importance of cyber law
Most or most people use email, cell phones, and SMS messages for communication.
Even in “non-cybercrime” cases, important evidence is installed in computers / cell phones e.g. in cases of kidnapping, organized crime, divorce, murder, terrorist operation, fake currency etc.
Cyber law is extremely important as it touches all aspects of transactions and activities on the Internet, the World Wide Web and cyberspace.
AREA OF CYBER LAW
Harassment and Stalking
Freedom of Speech
Contracts and Employment Law
Computer security, cyber security, or information technology security (IT security) are the security of computer systems and networks.
Which provides protection against theft or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as the disruption or mis-performance of services they provide.
Computer systems, the Internet, and wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are linked and the field is becoming more important as the growth of “smart” devices including smartphones, televisions, and various.
The tools that make up the “Internet of Things”, which due to its complexity in terms of both politics and technology, cyber security is also a major challenge in the contemporary world.
Cyber security is a potential activity. By which information and other communication systems are protected against unauthorized use or modification or exploitation or even theft.
Cyber security is a well-designed technology to protect computers, networks, various programs, personal data, etc. from unauthorized use.
All types of data whether it is government, corporate, or personal require high security, although some of these data, which are related to government defense systems, banks, defense research, and development organizations, etc., are highly confidential.
The slightest negligence for these figures can cause great harm to the entire nation.
Therefore, such data requires a very high level of protection.
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Yes. Your child can celebrate his/her birthday in school by coming in party dress. We do not encourage distribution of sweets/chocolates to inculcate healthy food habits.
A book/s or sapling can be donated to the school instead which is a gesture worth inculcating.
Inform the class teacher through Almanac at the earliest and request a change in bus route if you are a day boarder.
‟Prevention is better than cure‟, the name, admission number, class and section of the student should be clearly marked on all belongings of the student. In case you child loses any item he/she can check it in the lost/found box.
You need to inform your class teacher immediately .At a nominal charge a new ID card or Almanac will be issued at the earliest. In the Interim period your child can wear a temporary ID-Card or use a rough note book as an Almanac.
Only under extreme emergency. You need to take written permission from the Principal for the same
Treat all exams as Board Exam to inculcate a sense of responsibility and value in your child, but in cases of medical emergency a Doctor‟s certificate issued by a registered medical practitioner must be submitted.
We organise Open House sessions at regular intervals during which the teachers give a detailed feedback about your child. Should we feel that your child needs more assistance at home, we will call you for a detailed discussion to iron out the issues. Apart from this, please check the answer scripts of periodic assessments which you can see during open house.
Our school is characterised by honesty, fairness and equity in students – teacher relationship. We respect the dignity, diversity and rights of students. The welfare of the child is an essential principle of our school ethos.
No student who has been absent on the previous day will be allowed to attend class unless her/his parent has entered an explanation stating the reasons for the absence,in the „Record of NonAttendance‟ section of the almanac, for each day the student has been absent from school. In case of absence of more than two days on medical grounds, Medical Certificate shall be attached along with application.
There is no provision for half a day leave, so students who are not well should not be sent to school. A child will be marked absent if s/he were to be taken home by parents/guardians/authorised persons during schools hours.
Students are expected to reach school 10 minutes before the start of the Home Room period (start of the school). Students arriving late will not be allowed to enter the school premises without a plausible explanation. Arriving late for school is not acceptable. Students found to have come late for more than one day in a quarter will not be allowed to attend classes on second such occurrence and disciplinary action shall be taken against them. This is done to instill value for time among our students.
If, due to certain exigencies, a student has to leave the school campus during school hours, the following rules will be observed
In case of social and family commitments where the child is expected to be present and needs to remain absent from school, parents are requested to get the absence granted from the Principal by submitting the application in person. In such cases the school will help the child by providing support material. If the parent fails to intimate prior then they have to pay and collect the same.
There is no provision for half a day leave, so students who are not well should not be sent to school even on exam/test days. Child will be marked absent if s/he were to be taken home by parents/guardians/authorised persons during school hours, even if it were to be an examination/test day. Child will be awarded zero for the exam taken on that particular day.
Students are allowed to use only their allotted bus and bus stop. There is no provision for temporary change in bus or bus stops.
In case there is a permanent change in bus stop and/or bus, the same can be effected by submitting the prescribed application form along with the prescribed fee. The School Front Office / Transport Incharge should be contacted.
Once the bus stops have been delineated and mentioned in the admission prospectus, they would normally not be changed. However, you could leave an application for the same with the Transport In-charge. School bus routes are drawn up based on convenience and viability, ensuring that no route is overly long.
No, we would like you to refrain from such actions. It disturbs the seating arrangement already existing and also leads to a wrong precedence in the long run. You are requested to drop the child to school yourself, subject to the condition that you are able to reach the school well in time. Such students may, however, return by their allotted bus.
No, we do not allow that for children upto class VIII. Should you want this for your child of class IX onwards, you need to give an application for the same to the school office. You would be allowed to do so only subject to the approval by the Head of School. Such students, if allowed, should carry both the identity cards (student‟s and parent‟s).
Your child‟s safety is our priority as long as s/he is not handed over to you/designated person at the bus stop. Students should also make sure that they follow all safety norms while travelling, which are mentioned in the almanac. Unruly behaviour in the bus is strictly prohibited.
No child can board/disembark a bus at a bus stop not designated for him, at his own free will
Due to heavy rush hour traffic or other unforeseen circumstances, like traffic jams,rallies, etc., the School bus may be delayed. Under such circumstances, you may call the School/Administrative office and get further information.
Parents should call up the school in advance to ask for an appointment and visit the school only after they have been given a confirmed time and date. Should any visiting parent seek to meet school authorities or teachers without appointment they may have to wait for long hours as the teacher may have allotted teaching periods.
You can meet the Principal/Headmistress on all working days with prior appointment.
There would be no adverse repercussions on you or your child. We are a professional organization where we take the inputs of the parents and students very seriously so as to constantly improve the services that we provide to you. Hence all kinds of inputs, suggestions or complaints shall be viewed positively. You can always mail your complaints/suggestions to
You may escalate the issue by sending an e-mail to the and you can expect a reply at the earliest
Children must accompany their parents for the Open House, dressed in school uniform and must carry their I-Card and almanac.
Parents will be promptly informed in the event of serious illness or emergencies and may be requested to come to school or to the designated hospital to take their ward home if necessary.
Students would be guided for co-curricular activities and projects in school only. However, we would expect you to motivate, encourage and supervise your ward at home. Under no circumstances should a child take professional help and support for his/her projects
Change in the name of the child is allowed only till the child is in Class VIII. For changing the name of your ward in the school records, the following documents (in original) are required:
One covering letter from the parent addressed to the Head of School for the change in name of student.However, if the child is in Class IX and above, the change in name is not encouraged and is subject to guidelines laid down by the CBSE. As per the current CBSE by-laws,any change in student‟s details after her/his registration for AISSE/AISSCE is permitted only upon approval from the court of law.
Change/Correction in the Date of Birth is not allowed. The Birth Certificate, submitted by the parent, during the admission of the child, is considered as proof of the date of birth. Any request for alteration in the DOB will therefore be considered as a forge, and thereby will never be entertained. In case a child is admitted in Class II or above, the DOB mentioned on the Transfer Certificate of the child, issued from her/his previous school, is considered as the proof for the date of birth.
The following hobby clubs are available :
Once in a week for all classes
Games offered by school are Badminton , Basketball , Swimming , Table Tennis ,Trekking .
2+ ,3+ , 4+ as on 31st March 2020 for the academic year 2020-21
5+ years for the academic year 2020-21.
5 to 7 years
Preschool to grade II is from 10 am to 2:30 pm and for classes III upwards 8:30 am to 4:00 pm .
20 :1 in preschool and 30:1 in grades I to X .
It begins in December.
Parents who wish to remove ward must apply for the same in January itself failing which they have to pay an amount for the seat which was not available to another seeking admission.
School is well equipped to handle first aid medical care to students. The school has tied up with a leading medical care facility of the area for any medical care of emergency nature. Any direction / guidance given by the school on health and fitness of the child must be taken seriously by parents and followed up with competent medical attention.
Yes, the campus is Wi-Fi enabled. All class rooms have smart boards projectors for technologically enabled learning and IT skill based activities are taught through well equipped lab.
Due consideration is given to admission of siblings subject to availability of seats and performance of applicant in assessment procedure for class I onwards. Admission of a sibling cannot be claimed as a right.
Yes , provided documents such as scanned copy of birth certificate , aadhar card, photo of child is send online .
The registration fee of Rs 500/- is non refundable .
In preschool ,Aadhar card , birth certificate , ,photo of child , parents
In grade 1 , Birth Certificate ,Photo ,Parents / Guardians Photo ,Aadhar card
From grade II onwards , birth certificate , Photo of child , parents, guardian , renewed aadhar card & caste certificate ( in case of OBC/ST/SC)
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Stephen F. Austin chose to set up the capitol of his colony on the banks of the Brazos River where the El Camino Real crossed the river. He envisioned a major metropolitan area as the center of immigrant activity in his colony. He named the town San Felipe. San Felipe de Austin became the second largest town in Texas before Sam Houston ordered it burned in advance of Santa Anna’s army in 1836. It was at San Felipe that land titles were issued, commerce thrived and politics was done. Today, it is a very interesting historic site at which you can get a feel for life in pre-revolution Texas. In this episode, learn more about the San Felipe State Historic Site with site manager Bryan McAuley.
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C-Nation Font Family 1 Fonts $40
OTF | TTF
Marit Otto about C-Nation: The building typeface. Although the 70ties were very liberating and progressive, still girls played mainly with dolls and sweet things and boys with all kinds of challenging stuff. They did all sorts of basic scientific experiments in mini labs and of course built cool things with Meccano building sets. As a girl I was perfectly happy with the toys I had access to. But at the same time I was very curious about all the adventure toys and discoveries my brother did. It also made me wonder why the grown up people thought that our world could be separated so easily by separating our toys in pink and blue sections. At this day of age Meccano is probably hopelessly old fashioned and far to manual. Children of today are fed by fast images and cool animations on screen, they learn, play, communicate and relax in the same space, the digital space. The special feature of Meccano was that even though it was very basic there was the promise you could create anything. It might even contribute to a logical mind. The typeface I designed refers to the Meccano feel. It is a creative typeface. A bit masculine and bold looking perhaps but after the first impression a subtle and refined female touch is revealed. It has links to architecture and associations with metal constructions like ‘The Eiffel Tower’ and (old railway) bridges. I am convinced that we all think of that as very charming man-made objects.
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Torah, nature, and agriculture (general)
Science and Torah
Maror (lettuce, horseradish, and other species)
Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera)
Here are some publications and Web sites that you may find useful for learning about Biblical botany and the significance of plants and nature in Torah and Jewish tradition. The locations of some Biblical gardens are listed, as well. This is not an exhaustive list, by any means, nor does listing a site here represent an endorsement. If you would like to suggest additional books, Web sites, or other resources, please e-mail them to me at firstname.lastname@example.org or use the comments option at the end of an essay to leave a message.
Neot Kedumim, The Biblical Landscape Reserve in Israel
Feliks, Yehuda.1981. Nature & Man in the Bible, Chapters in Biblical Ecology. Soncino Press, London. (Translated from Hebrew)
Gardner, Jo Ann. 2014. Seeds of Transcendence: Understanding the Hebrew Bible Through Plants. Decalogue Books, Mt. Vernon, NY.
Goodfriend, Elaine. 2019. Shekhar: Is it wine or beer? TheTorah.com.
Greenberg, Jon, interviewed by Netanel Zellis-Paley. 2020. Pesachim No. 2: A Leaf of Faith. Interleaved podcast
Excerpts from this interview were included in Interleaved’s Seder overview siyum on the conclusion of Masechet Pesachim.
HaReuveni, Nogah. 1980. Nature in our Biblical Heritage. Neot Kedumim, Lod, Israel. (Translated from Hebrew)
HaReuveni, Nogah. 1984. Tree and Shrub in our Biblical Heritage. Neot Kedumim, Lod, Israel. (Translated from Hebrew)
HaReuveni, Nogah. 2000. Desert and Shepherd in our Biblical Heritage. Neot Kedumim, Lod, Israel. (Translated from Hebrew)
JewishDrinking.com. Rabbi Drew Kaplan’s Web site for podcasts and videos about alcoholic beverages in Jewish history, culture, and religion.
Kapach, Rav Yosef Kapach. 2005. Machberet Tzimchei HaMishna [Notebook on Plants of the Mishna]. Mishpachat Kapach, Jerusalem.
Otzar Haaretz (Shmitah observance)
Roman, Rachel. 2022. Uprooting the Wandering Jew. Tablet Magazine.
Sales, Ben. 2014. What did King David drink? Israeli wine researchers aim to revive ancient libations. JTA.org
Zoo Torah (Animals in Torah and Judaism)
The Candelabra (article about the symbolism of the Temple menorah by Dr. Russell Jay Hendel)
Innernet (Online Jewish magazine; page of essays about Judaism, n
Flowers in Israel (photos and information about plants in Israel)
Shauli, Rabbi Moshe Cohen. 1989. Marfeh HaBosem [The Herbal Cure]. Shauli Center, Ashdod, Israel. (folk medical uses of plants found in Israel today, with discussion of their Biblical or Jewish significance)
Jan Pieter van de Giessen’s biblical botany blog (in Dutch)
Canfei Nesharim (Torah-oriented environmental education organization)
Eitz Chayim Hee (Canfei Nesharim’s weekly environmental parsha commentary)
Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life (COEJL)
The House on the Mountain (Kabbalistic study course on environmental issues)
Heschel Center for Environmental Learning and Leadership
Derech HaTeva (Nature programs in Israel)
Hava & Adam Eco-Educational Farm in Modiin, Israel and Eco-Israel Program
The Jew and the Carrot (“Jews, food, and social issues”)
The Jewish Nature Center (New Jersey)
Green Jewish World
Outdoor Jewish Adventures
The Food Museum
4,000 year-old lentil seed from Turkish archaeological site sprouts
Ancient Foods Blog
Sacred Earth (Ecotravel and ethnobotany)
Foraging with the “Wildman” (Learn to identify wild food and medicinal plants on hikes with Steve Brill)
Botanic Gardens Conservation International
Denver Botanic Gardens (including a Biblical garden)
Wild Flowers of Israel
Flowers of Israel
Missouri Botanical Garden
Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products (Includes CropINDEX, an extensive database of information about cultivated plants)
Neot Kedumim (Israel; near Jerusalem)
Denver Botanic Gardens (includes a Biblical garden)
Rodef Shalom Biblical Botanical Garden (Pittsburgh)
Warsaw Biblical Gardens (Warsaw, IN)
Jerusalem Botanical Gardens (Hebrew University Campus, Jerusalem, Israeal)
Torah Flora lecture on science and changing understanding of Torah (Valley Beit Midrash, Phoenix, AZ, Nov. 11, 2021)
B’Or HaTorah (“Journal of Science, Art, & Life in the Light of Torah”)
General information about lettuce:
Lettuce–From wild weed to functional food
Schaffer, Arthur. 1981. The history of horseradish as the bitter herb of Passover. Gesher 5741, no. 8. Pp. 217-237. Yeshiva University, New York, NY.
Wildlettuce.com (Information and wild lettuce products)
Mountain Valley Growers
HaReuveni, Hannah and Ephraim HaReuveni. 1938. Ha-a’ra’r. in Sefer Magnes. Hebrew University Press.
Washington Dept. of Ecology, Non-native Invasive Freshwater Plants, Salt Cedar (Tamarix)
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Fences are meant to define boundaries, show property lines, and keep people out. Invisible fences are typically meant to keep pets in. Usually one isn’t aware of the invisible fence until it is crossed. The first time little Fido breaks the barrier of the newly installed invisible fence by his owner, it shocks him. It startles him. He realizes that he was not allowed to go somewhere.
Conflict or tension may arise when we cross an invisible fence.
Fences in the leadership and business world exist as well. Visible fences can look like written policies or job descriptions. But, invisible fences are obviously harder to recognize. These look like unwritten or unspoken procedures, policies, expectations, and values.
I have had interns for most of my ministry career. Several years ago, one of my interns, Sam, crossed one of these invisible fences. He decided to hand out t-shirts at the end of the retreat. He thought he would be helpful by taking the initiative to complete the task and not bother me. When I walked up, all the t-shirts had been handed out, but he did not have a copy of the spreadsheet that listed which student ordered which size. Before I knew it, I was scolding Sam in front of many of the students and leaders.
“How did you hand out the t-shirts without the spreadsheet?”
“I just held up sizes and people took what they wanted.”
“Well, is there a medium left for me and how did you even know what size I needed or ordered?”
“Yes, there is a medium right here for you.”
I turn to another student, “Kate, what size do you have in your hand?” She replied, “Small.” I looked at the spreadsheet and said, “Well, that works well because that’s what size you ordered.”
I turned to the intern and muttered something like, “Well, I guess you got lucky this time with our order and what people wanted.”
At that point, I felt like an idiot and did not want to admit I failed in my response. So, in an attempt to “save face,” I made some general announcement about gathering up all their belongings and loading the vans to distract from the delusional Kimberly that was just leading.
As Sam walked away, I called to him to apologize and to seek forgiveness. He was not ready to talk, so he kept walking. His fiancé told me to give him a little time. I looked at her and said, “You know, I guess I have some pretty big procedural issues!”
My procedural issues can be an invisible fence for me as a leader. Maintaining control is my value. I think policies and procedures should be carried out in a certain manner. Conflict arises when my way of following the procedure is different from those under my leadership.
As a leader, I can do one of two things. I can expect those under my direction to do things just as I tell them to do (or sometimes don’t tell them to do but expect them to know). Or I can expect them to lead with their gifts and their perspective, training them and trusting them to do so. Connecting with your team members relationally and trusting them is crucial to handling conflict appropriately.
Seeing Sam walk away, dejected and probably angry, made me realize my reaction to him was less than best. Mulling it over for a few days showed me several flaws in my leadership style. I needed to invest more time and energy in Sam, make my expectations clear, and trust him more. He did the job well, even though it may not have been done my way.
My response was inappropriate, violating a well known leadership principle: always praise in public and correct in private. When I could tell that he was ready a few hours later, I pulled him aside and gently said, “I am so very sorry! Please forgive me for shaming you in front of everyone. I was wrong and I won’t let it happen again.” He graciously forgave me and we are still friends today.
So, three simple steps to resolving the conflict over a crossed invisible line:
1. Admit your failures. This is one of the most difficult things to do. However, admitting our failures reveals our humanity. It allows others to see us as more than an unreachable leader.
2. Seek forgiveness. When we’ve seen and admitted our failures, we must humbly approach the one or ones we offended and ask them to forgive us. Saying “I’m sorry” admits how we feel about the wrong, but saying “Will you forgive me for _________?” actually acknowledges to the offended person we are aware of the wrong and desire reconciliation.
3. Define the line for next time (possibly even readjusting the placement of the line). The only way to move forward is to communicate about the invisible line so that others know the boundaries next time.
My intern could have done a few things differently as well. He could have recognized that lines exist and he could have communicated better. He could have come to me and said, “Hey, I think now is a good time to hand out the t-shirts. Is it okay for me to take the lead on this?”
Two simple steps to avoid crossing invisible lines:
1. Recognize invisible lines exist. No matter what situation you walk into, you must recognize that someone else has a different perspective from yours. So, take a few minutes to look at life from their perspective. Take a few minutes to ask what their values are and how they would like you to operate under their leadership.
2. Communicate those lines to all involved. As the leader, it is up to you to set the tone, clarify the job description, and go over policies and procedures for your teammates. Make sure that you have done the hard work of articulating what you expect to be done, how you would like it done, and the timeframe in which you would like it to be accomplished.
My conflict with my intern wasn’t really about t-shirts at all! Our conflict was about crossing an invisible line.
As leaders, it is critical to be self-aware. Have you taken the time to know what your issues are that become invisible fences? Some invisible fences need to be clarified and communicated. Others need to be let go and processed internally for the leader. Good leaders work to discern the difference.
Have you experienced conflict as a result of crossing an invisible line?
What ideas do you have about communicating invisible lines? Sometimes you don’t know they are there until they are crossed. What then?
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To get through daily life, there are some basic needs that everyone needs to have fulfilled. To understand how this works for a human being, you can compare him to a machine.
Food and drinks are two important needs. The human body needs nutrition in order to function just like a machine needs oil. So be aware that the higher the quality of the oil, the better the performance of the machine will be. When you’re eating unhealthy and consuming less vitamins, your performance will decrease. Healthy nutrition is important!
Self care consists of personal hygiene, but that’s not all. Attention is just as important. Without enough attention, the productivity of a machine will decrease. It will get dusty and things can break when you’re not taking care of the maintenance on a regular basis. The same happens to ourselves. How much attention do you pay to yourself? So regularly freshen yourself up, take care of your body when it’s needed, but also be nice to yourself mentally. It’s okay to give yourself a compliment each day!
It’s important to be active each day. You can for example think about work, study, hobbies or sports. When a machine is not doing enough, it can get rusty and get stuck. For a human being the same applies. You will experience less satisfaction when you’re not active enough. This will lead to some negative feelings and in turn will cause less interest in activities. Eventually the motivation will decrease so much until even the tiniest things will cost a lot of effort. So try being active each day so it gives you enough sense of fulfillment!
A machine that’s constantly going on and on, will start overheating at some point. When it’s not cooling down, it will lose its optimal productivity and will even break down eventually! For human beings it’s exactly the same. Our perseverance is huge, but when we’re going on forever, our performance will decrease. Planning enough moments to rest each day and making sure you’re able to relax each week is essential!
Every human being is unique and differs in its needs. To achieve the optimal productivity level of a machine, it has to be programmed in the right way. But that depends on a lot of circumstances. Sometimes it has to work some extra hours and it needs some more rest. Sometimes it has become a bit dusty and it will take a bit longer to get going again. The same happens to human beings. It’s a search for the right balance and getting to know your personal boundaries. So go through all your needs and check if everything in your daily life is programmed in the right way and make sure everything is tuned well!
Are your needs well balanced?
Do you need help to find the right balance and to identify your needs? The coaches of NiceDay would love to help you!
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Patients with inflammatory diseases are often prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They are also often recommended to use a proton pump inhibitor to protect their stomach. In a joint study, clinical pharmacologist Markus Zeitlinger and gastroenterologist Werner Dolak from MedUni Vienna showed that this combination of medication can result in inflammation in the small intestine. However, if an antibiotic (rifaximin) is additionally given, the intestine remains protected. The study has now been published in the leading journal "Gastroenterology".
People who suffer from inflammatory joint conditions or pain often take non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, like the well-known drug diclofenac, for example. However, such drugs often attack the stomach lining, so that patients are also prescribed something to protect their stomach from the NSAID. But this combination damages the intestines. Anti-inflammatory drugs can cause inflammation throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract and proton pump inhibitors have a negative impact upon the bacterial gut flora so that the small intestine can be colonised by undesirable bacteria. This can adversely affect the highly individual microbiome of the person concerned.
Live images from the intestines
Markus Zeitlinger from the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Werner Dolak from the Department of Medicine III studied sixty healthy volunteers over a period of fourteen days, monitoring the drug-related reaction in the intestinal tract by means of capsule endoscopy imaging. This process involves swallowing a capsule containing a camera, which then automatically takes pictures on its way through the gastrointestinal tract and transmits them to an external portable data recorder. The images can then be analysed on the computer and the camera is excreted in the normal way.
The volunteers were first of all examined by capsule endoscopy and then divided into two groups. One group was given diclofenac with omneprazol as gastric protection plus the antibiotic rifaximin, which the animal models had shown to have a beneficial and protective effect upon the intestines. The other group was given a placebo in place of rifaximin. After two weeks, another capsule endoscopy was performed and this showed significant inflammations in the small intestine in approximately one third of the latter group. The other group of volunteers, who had also been given rifaximin, displayed significantly fewer inflammatory changes and, where these did occur, they were less severe.
The results of the double-blind study served to confirm the proposition that the additional administration of rifaximin protects the intestines. As a next step, it is intended to conduct a study to investigate the treatment concept on regular users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Introduction: According to Don Schultz: IMC is the process of developing and implementing various forms of persuasive communication programs with customers and prospects over time. The goal of IMC is to influence or directly affect the behaviour of the selected audience. IMC considers all sources of brand or company contacts which a customer or prospect has with the product or service as potential delivery channels for future messages. Further, IMC makes use of all forms of communication which are relevant to the customer or prospect, and to which they might be receptive.
In sum, the IMC process starts with the customer or prospect and then works back to determine and define the forms and methods through which persuasive communications methods should be developed. Integrated Marketing Communications is a term used to describe a holistic approach to marketing communication. It aims to ensure consistency of message and the complementary use of media. The concept includes online and offline marketing channels. Online marketing channels include any e-marketing campaigns or programs, from email, banner to latest web related channels for webinar, blog, micro-blogging, Internet TV etc.
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Offline marketing channels are traditional print (newspaper, magazine), mail order, public relations, industry relations, billboard, radio, and television. A company develops its integrated marketing communication programme using all the elements of the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion). The goal of selecting the elements of proposed integrated marketing communications is to create a campaign that is effective and consistent across media platforms.
Some marketers may want only ads with the greatest breadth of appeal: the executions that, when combined, provide the greatest number of attention-getting, branded, and motivational moments. Others may only want ads with the greatest depth of appeal: the ads with the greatest number of attention-getting, branded, and motivational points within each. 1 Although integrated marketing communications is more than just an advertising campaign, the bulk of marketing dollars is spent on the creation and distribution of advertisements. Hence, the bulk of the research budget is also spent on these elements of the campaign.
Once the key marketing pieces have been tested, the researched elements can then be applied to other contact points. IMC is a new approach to marketing communications planning being driven by technology, customers, consumers, and by organizational desire to properly allocate finite resources. IMC is still an emerging discipline and integration is a transition between the old historical product-driven outbound marketing systems versus the new informationdriven interactive consumer focussed marketplace of the twenty-first century. IMC – it’s significance and importance:
Many organizations proclaim IMC to be a key competitive advantage of marketing. Integration of communications – as with anything else, attempts to combine, integrate, and synergize different elements of the promotional mix, so to consumers, messages through a variety of different mechanisms look, sound, and feel alike. Growth Factors: ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? From media advertising to multiple forms of communication. Media explosion and accompanying fragmentation. Greater segmentation and emergence of niche and unitary markets. A revolution in information technology which is still sweeping the world.
The importance of reinforcing consumer loyalty via relationship marketing. The importance of building and increasing a brand’s image based equity. The spread of multinationalization and globalism, supported by economic and political means. 2 (Caywood 1991) Marketing communications and IMC: Communication is the foundation of all human relationships and concerns exchange of information, ideas, or feelings. Thus, developing communications strategy requires extensive learning and coordination throughout a communications network. Marketing communication is the collective term for all communication functions used in marketing a product.
The purpose of marketing communications is to add persuasive value to a product for customers. PROMETIONAL PROGRAMME. ADVERTISING STRATEGY. SALES STRATEGY. COMMUNICATION PROCESS. INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION . PROGRAMME. PERSONAL SELLING STRATEGY. PR STRATEGY. BUDGET APPRIPRIATION. DIRECT MARKETING STRATEGY. Traditionally, the distinct tools of the marketing communications mix are advertising, public relations (PR), sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling, and over recent years, cyber or internet marketing, and sponsorship.
Each component has a specific task 3 to achieve and the message is greatly enhanced if it is reinforced by other tools in the mix. These tools are adequately discussed in the following chapters. The elements of the promotional mix vary in their effectiveness as outlined by the ability of each element to communicate, the likely overall costs, and the control maintained. Each element thus has a different capacity to communicate and to achieve different objectives. Although marketing communications has been used for several years as an umbrella erm, integration of these functional areas is what initially made IMC a new approach to reaching consumers and other stakeholders The Development of IMC IMC approaches have grown in recognition and importance for effective marketing, particularly as there has been a trend to allocate budgets away from mass media advertising due to increased media fragmentation and increasing segmentation of consumer tastes and preferences. The idea of using various marketing communication tools in unison has now become the accepted norm.
Its driving forces include: ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Information technology The Internet and World Wide Web The need for businesses everywhere to become customer-focused and customerdriven Developments in database technology Globalization and the jockeying for global brands and global positioning More effective and efficient resource allocation 4 Source: Kitchen, 1999:241 The figure above shows that global and multinational companies can potentially use marketing communications in an integrated fashion to improve and coordinate their marketing communications strategies.
The diagram presented is dependent for its validity on the extant national and global environments, life cycle stages on a country by country basis, the extent to which brands are managed internationally, and the corporate culture with regards to global or integrated communications approaches. It was noted by some researchers that to fully utilize the power of IMC globally, marketing messages need to be designed with a global theme in mind, so the same general message is communicated around the world and to develop a truly integrated global campaign, a great number of skills, talents, and capabilities were necessary. (Duncan 1993; Kitchen 1999) VARIOUS MODELS OF IMC 6 The Evolutionary Model: The evolutionary integrated communication model was introduced by Duncan and Caywood (1996). This model of integrated communication implementation assumes that organizations can integrate communication activities over time. The model consists of concentric circles illustrating that one stage of integration may build on the experience of the previous stage. The evolution model also assumes that communication professionals gains experience at every stage, allowing them to add to the level of performance.
The various stages in the evolutionary integrated communication model are as follows: 7 Awareness integration stage The first stage of integration forces the assessment of changes in the environment and provides the motivation for a more integrated approach. This stage refers to the organization’s being aware of the changing business environment, which creates the demand for new business systems to respond to the market. Awareness further assumes that change reinforces the opportunity for developing an integrated management and communication system.
To summarize the awareness integration stage refers to fundamental changes and awareness thereof in the market power, taste, access and diversity. This leads to the requirement of new organizational strategies and tactics to communicate with the customer and consequently establish new relationships with customers and other stakeholders. Image integration stage This stage recognizes the value of having a consistent message, look and feel for the organization. Integration efforts initially focus on the appearance of integration or the lack thereof.
Although not a full array of marketing communication is required for all market challenges, the visual and verbal consistency might prove to be an eminent stage in developing internal cooperation among the various specialized communication disciplines. Functional integration stage Stage three moves the process of integration to a greater degree of involvement among the still traditionally separated areas of communication responsibilities. The process of integration at this stage begins with a strategic analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each of the functional communication areas.
A combination of promotional tactics 8 based on the strengths and weaknesses of each is developed to best suit the organizational needs. Coordinated integration stage At this level the number of barriers to integration has been condensed and all the communication functions are equal in their potential to add to the communication effort. The opportunity for each of the communication functions to drive the communication efforts will depend on the goals and the objectives. Each functional specialty must cooperate in the development of a communication programme.
The process is guided by shared budgets, performance measures, and outcomes. The emergence of database might also be observed at this stage. It may initially only consist of simple contact information, but the database will continuously be extended through marketing-driven contacts. Consumer based integration stage In this stage, only the fully targeted customers are reached with the strongest and most effective media. In a more fully developed communication process, the customers are rediscovered, as marketing is planned from the outside in, as opposed to the inside-out approach.
The customers contact point with the brand and the organization is documented through quantitative and qualitative research. Each contact point, regardless of whether it is initiated by the customer or the organization, is identified and added to the database. According to Duncan, each point of contact is a message, a form of communication that reinforces the customer’s business opinion of the organization. Rather than constantly replacing customers, attention is directed to holding and building the correct customer base in this stage of integration. Stakeholder-based integration stage
The evolutionary analogy suggests that each stage may include a new dimension in the next stage. Beyond the customers are numerous publics and stakeholders that have a stake 9 in the outcome of the success or failure of the organization. At this stage, the scope is extended beyond a merely profitable promotional and sales-driven orientation. The issue of equity is added to the integrated programme at this stage, suggesting that the strongest element of the social responsibility that drives the organization to broaden its communication emerges in a more mature integration programme.
The starting point of integrated communication is stakeholder identification. The process then demands the monitoring and tracking of their actions which are relevant to the organization. Relationship management integration stage The development of a fully integrated communication strategy to reach customers and stakeholders brings the communication professional into direct contact with a full range of management functions in businesses and other complex organizations. Integration implies that communication be regarded as a strong element in the total management process.
The process has become a full range of relationship management, both internally and externally. Furthermore, the role of communication professionals in a fully integrative model changes from staff to management. As communication professionals move from staff to management, they gain access to the decision making process, ideally to the dominant coalition and can consequently influence the strategic decisions taken by senior management. 10 Thomas Hunter’s 5 Stage Model: Thomas hunter’s thesis offers most extensive examination of the issues surrounding the corporate implementation of an integrated communication structure.
Hunter developed five stage model for integration, which is merely descriptive of the process and does not include graphical model. Following are the steps of this model : a) Coordination and cooperation between public relations and marketing b) Public relations and marketing are perceived as equally important by members of the organization, especially top management, regardless of their organizational relationship. 11 c) Marketing communication is moved from the marketing department to the public relations department that will then be known as the communication department.
The communication department will then consist of three sub divisions: marketing communication, corporate communication and internal communication. d) Communication and marketing are placed on a hierarchical level immediately below the CEO, and both functions have their senior officer in the dominant coalition. e) Integration of the communication function into the relationship management approach as proposed by integrated communication scholars Duncan and Caywood. There is consulting relationship between the marketing department and the sub division of marketing communication.
Stage 1: Coordination and cooperation between public relations and marketing This stage presumes that public relations and marketing are organized in two apparent departments. This stage encourages the two functions to collaborate in serving the organization’s communication requirements. Stage 1 and stage 2 move the organization towards the organizational culture, which is vital for the implementation of stage 3. Stage 2: Top management’s view of public relations and marketing Stage 2 aintains that public relations is usually hardly regarded as a profession nor as a strategic management function and will therefore improbably be as similarly important by members of the organization. In order to evolve successfully through stage 2, Hunter states that public relations professionals must acquire the highly skilled status of communication managers that have a central comprehension of marketing and management. Stage 3: The communication’s department Stage 3 describes the most original element of the Hunter model. Hunter suggests that marketing relinquishes its marketing communication responsibilities to the public 12 elations department. As a result, marketing would no longer do direct advertising and marketing, but would be focused more on analyzing customer markets and engaging in long term strategic planning. The new division created from this process would plainly be termed the communication department. This department would contain the three subdivisions of marketing communication, corporate communication, and internal communication. Although marketing communication would officially report to the head of the communication department, it would continue to serve the interests of the marketing department.
Hunter proposed a matrix organization where marketing communication professionals would be responsible for fulfilling the interests of both the marketing and the communication department. He further emphasizes that the experts in the various specialized fields of communication need to work together in selecting the tools that promise the highest degree of effectiveness for synergies to be created so that the total communication effect can be higher than the sum of its parts.
Finally, he reminds managers that the integration must extend over all three subdivisions of the communication department. Stage 4: Communication as part of dominant coalition Stage 4 builds on the completion of stage 2 where marketing and public relations are viewed as equally important elements in the accomplishment of the organization’s strategic mission. This stage requires the marketing and communications departments to be placed at the same hierarchical level and both functions to have their senior officer in the dominant coalition.
This ensures that communication and marketing will both be equally represented at the decision making table. Stage 5: Communication as a part of relationship management approach Hunter acknowledges that the communication department should implement the relationship management process recommended by Duncan and Caywood. This stage recognizes the need for the integrated communication department to develop relationships with the other organizational functions such as human resources and manufacturing to create a totally integrated organization. 13 (models 2005)
INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS MIX 14 Global Advertising Advertising can be defined as ‘any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor’. It is seen as fulfilling one or more of the following communications functions: informing, persuading, reminding, adding value, and assisting other company efforts, the relative importance of each function being dependent on the communication objectives of the specific situation. The basic concepts and framework of international advertising are essentially the same wherever used. steps are involved: ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Perform marketing research Specify the goals of the communication Develop the most effective message for the market segments elected Select effective media Compose and secure a budget Execute the campaign Evaluate the campaign relative to the goals specified Advertising media: Kotler illustrates the extent of media options twenty years ago by listing main media choices as newspapers, television, magazines, direct marketing, radio, magazines and outdoors.
He restricted their evaluation to issues of reach, frequency and impact. His list of media options in 2000 had almost doubled, to include consideration of packaging along with new electronic media, together with combinations of advertising and editorial as well as product placements within movies. 15 Each medium has its own set of unique strengths and weaknesses, both as stand-alone options and in tandem with other media. Consider the ability of television to communicate sight, sound, movement and emotion against the limitations of a short time period.
Then contrast it to radio, newspapers, magazines, or any of the newer media vehicles. Example of media strengths and weaknesses: television Strengths High reach Ability to combine sight and sound/ demonstrate Ability to portray emotion and excitement Credibility Able to provide reminders close to likely purchase period Weaknesses Expensive Short duration (30 seconds is usually time for only 75 words) – no opportunity to refer back to the message Clutter and high levels of competitive activity Difficult to regionalize Message and meaning, global and cultural challenges
Further challenges to advertising effectiveness have emerged in the last decade, particularly in relation to growing globalization of markets and the need to consider cross-cultural communication and to understand the extent to which advertising can be standardized across national borders versus being localized to meet the requirements and preferences of specific markets. Standardization of advertising can also assist in brand image consistency across markets. It also offers considerable economies of scale. In the international communication process, each of the 7 steps can affect the accuracy of the process which consists of the following: 6 SENDE R Encodin g Messag e Decodin g RECEIVE R NOIS E Feedba ck Respons e In addition, cultural differences lead to different expectations of, and attitudes towards, advertising. For example, Japanese prefer emotion-based soft sell whereas Europeans and Americans prefer logic and more direct selling approaches. The challenge for advertisers working across national boundaries and across cultures, centres on understanding the consumer target and tailoring appropriate advertising messages that will reward the attention being sought for them. Media Planning and Analysis:
In international advertising, an advertiser must consider the availability, cost, coverage and appropriateness of the media. Availability: one of the contrasts is that some countries have too few advertising media and others have too many. In China the only national TV station, CCTV, has one channel that must be aired by the country’s 27 provincial stations. Cost: Media prices are susceptible to negotiation in most countries. However, shortages of advertising time have caused substantial price increases. In UK prices escalate on a bidding system in which advertisers willing to pay a higher rate can acquire already scheduled spots. 7 Coverage: There is problem of coverage all around the world where it is difficult to reach certain sectors of the population. In Slovenia the availability of adequate media is such a problem that companies resort to some unique approaches, like in summers Lasers are used to project images onto clouds above major cities. Appropriate Media: Company should determine which kind of media is best suited for them- Newspapers, Radio, Magazines, Internet, Direct mail etc. (Schultz 1997; Graham 2005) Sales Promotion in International Markets
Sales promotion can be defined as: A range of tactical marketing techniques designed within a strategic marketing framework to add value to a product or service in order to achieve specific sales and marketing objectives. This extra value may be of a short-term tactical nature or it may be part of a longer-term franchise-building programme. The word ‘tactical’ implies that this tool is mainly used to offer buyers or resellers additional value that stimulates them to buy a product ‘now’ rather than ‘later’. It provides additional incentives, such as a price cut on shelf, a product premium, a discount, or a prize, to buy a product immediately.
Its main objective is to increase sales in the short run. ??? Sales promotions are marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchases and improve retailer or middlemen effectiveness and cooperations. It is a tool that can be used towards end-users (both companies and individual consumers), but also towards the sales force and members of the trade channel (wholesalers, retailers, etc. ). ??? These help to achieve specific objectives as consumer-product trial or immediate purchase, consumer introduction to the store, gaining retail point-of-purchase 18 isplays, encouraging stores to stock the product and supporting and augmenting advertising and personal sales efforts. ??? ??? Whereas advertising offers a reason to buy a product, sales promotion gives the customer an incentive to buy it. Most sales promotion techniques are capable of reaching specific target groups of customers, and are therefore very instrumental in fine-tuning the marketing effort. For example, Procter& Gamble’s introduction of Ariel detergent in Egypt included the “Ariel Road Show”, a puppet show that was taken to local markets in villages, where more than half of all Egyptians still live.
The show drew huge crowds, entertained people, told about Ariel’s performance without the use of addictives and sold the brand through a distribution van at a nominal discount. Besides creating brand awareness for Ariel, the road show helped overcome the reluctance of the rural retailers to handle the premiumpriced Ariel. In markets where the consumer is hard to reach because of media limitations, the percentage of the promotional budget allocated to sales promotions may need to be increased.
In some less developed countries, sales promotions constitute the major portion of the promotional effort in rural and less accessible parts of the markets. For example, in parts of Latin America, a portion of the advertising sales budget for both Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola is spent on carnival trucks, which make frequent trips to outlying villages to promote their products. The increasing importance of sales promotion: The importance of sales promotion has increased significantly over the years. Some time ago, advertising accounted for about 60 per cent of the advertising and sales promotion budget.
However, over the last years sales promotion has continuously increased its share. Today, it is estimated that between 65 and 75 per cent of the budget is spent on sales promotion. Factors leading to the increased use of sales promotion: 19 ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Perceived lack of effectiveness of advertising Brand expansion and proliferation and lack of brand differentiation Declining brand loyalty and increasing price-orientation of consumers Measurability and accountability Distribution channel power and the competition for shelf space Sales Promotion Techniques
Consumer promotions are directed towards end-consumers, and give them incentives to try a product or buy more of a product. Three categories of consumer promotions can be distinguished: ??? ??? ??? Money-based incentives offer immediate or postponed price reductions. Product-based promotions do not focus upon the price mechanism, but use a product to build an incentive Prize-related promotions focus neither on the price of the product nor on the product itself, but use the chance to win something as an incentive Money-based ?? Price-offs ?? Coupons ?? Cash refunds ?? Saving cards or store cards
Product-based ?? Extra product ?? Samples ?? Premiums ?? Free mail-ins and self-liquidators Prize-based ?? Contests ?? Sweepstakes 20 Money-based ?? Price-offs Product-based ?? Extra product Prize-based ?? Contests Objectives of manufacturer ?? Encourage trial of the product ?? Attract new customers ?? Counter competition ?? Increase usage of the product ?? Load up existing users (basket filling) ?? Even out fluctuating sales Objectives of retailer ?? Increase store traffic ?? Increase store loyalty ?? Increase own-brand sales ?? Even out fluctuating sales ?? Increase frequency and quantity of sales
Money-based incentives The advantages of most money-based consumer promotions is that the benefit to the consumer is immediate and easy to obtain, that in many cases they lead to immediate sales increase, and that the workload of manufacturers and retailers to organize the promotion are minimal. Money-based promotions are hardly seen as innovative and creative, and are therefore less and less capable of having a strong impact Product-based incentives The main disadvantage of money-based incentives is the danger of altering the price perception of the customer and damaging the brand image.
Product-based promotions can avoid this disadvantage. In this type of consumer promotion, the incentive is more directly linked to the product. An extra volume of the product is given for free, a small sample of the product is distributed free of charge, or a present is given when the product is bought. The main advantages of product promotions are ??? ??? ??? the benefit for the consumer is direct and easy to obtain, the promotion campaign can be easily budgeted, they often lead to an immediate impact on sales, 1 ??? ??? they can be used to both generate trial and increase product usage, They stimulate store traffic. Prize-based incentives In prize-based promotions, the manufacturer offers very valuable prizes for a limited number of consumers that win the contest or sweepstake. They can be easily budgeted and planned, they can lead to extra sales, and consumers may perceive them as exciting and special, provided their chance of winning a prize is not too limited. In that case, they can improve the image of the brand.
A contest can be won by demonstrating knowledge or analytical or creative skills, for instance by creating a slogan or being able to answer a number of questions about a product. In a sweepstake every entrant has an equal chance to win a prize, based on good luck. Trade promotions Trade promotions are directed towards resellers (wholesalers, retailers), and give them incentives to push the product through the trade channel. Whereas consumer promotions are pull instruments, trade promotions are clearly push-orientated.
The main objective of the manufacturer is to stimulate the reseller to buy and resell as much of the product as possible, and to stimulate and improve the sales of his own products at the expense of competitors’ products, by gaining more product exposure and more reseller promotional effort. In a buying allowance scheme, the reseller gets a price reduction for each volume unit (e. g. a case or a carton) sold during a pre-specified period or when he buys a minimum of volume units over a given period of time. For instance, a retailer can get a discount per case of beer if he sells 100,000 cases per year.
In order to obtain this benefit, he will promote the beer in his supermarket, in order to be able to sell the minimum number of cases. 22 A count-recount scheme is retrospective in that the reseller gets a discount for each volume unit sold during a particular period of time. At the beginning of this period the reseller’s stock is counted, and recounted again at the end of the period. A merchandising allowance is the equivalent of an ‘extra product’ scheme: the reseller receives extra volume for each purchase made, for instance one case of beer for each ten cases bought.
He can then resell these extra cases. In the example, the merchandising allowance boils down to a 10 per cent rebate. The three techniques mentioned are all price-based. However, they do not lead to the same detrimental effect on the brand image as in the case of consumer price promotions, since trade channel members Trade promotion tools and objectives Trade promotion tools ?? Buying allowances ?? Count-recount allowances ?? Buy back allowances ?? Merchandise allowances (Kotler 2000; Graham 2005)
Trade promotion objectives ?? New product launch ?? Improve shelf space ?? Increase stock levels ?? Even out fluctuating sales Direct Marketing Direct marketing can be defined as: An interactive system of personal and intermediary-free dialogue which uses one or more communications media to effect a measurable behavioural response at any location, forming a basis for creating and further developing an ongoing direct relationship between an organization and each of its customers individually.
Due to technological changes, database technology, and changing buying habits, direct marketing, together with e-communications, has probably undergone the most drastic changes of all communication mix instruments. Direct mail, telemarketing, and direct response advertising have evolved from very traditional low profile and pushy techniques to a potentially highly sophisticated set of tools to build long-term relationships and engage in profitable interactions with customers. 23
Direct marketing allows companies to build customer confidence and trust. Consumers increasingly buy products on the basis of added value and personal relevance. By means of carefully analyzing customer needs, requests, and spending patterns, the direct marketer is capable of addressing specific target groups, can offer more relevant and better-targeted benefits, and can in that way build long-lasting and profitable relationships with loyal customers. Strengths and Weaknesses:
Strengths ?? Build relationships ?? Persuasive ?? Personalized and interactive ?? Leads to behavioural response ?? Convenient for customer ?? Improved service ?? Flexible and precise targeting ?? Effects easily and precisely measurable Limitations ?? Cost per prospect can be high ?? Clutter (‘junk mail’) ?? Perceived as obtrusive ?? Perceived as pushy ?? Perceived as incredible Direct Marketing Techniques 1. Direct mail: Direct mail is material distributed through the postal system to the (potential) customer at his or her home or business address to promote a product. It can be a 24 letter, a sample, or a catalogue.
Most people on the mailing list have not requested the mail, but normally they are selected on the basis of a number of criteria. Direct mail is widely used, especially in business-to-business operations. Example: Nestle used a 12 page colour direct mail booklet of recipes, including Japanese style versions of Italian favourites. 2. Telemarketing: In Europe, telemarketing accounts for expenditures of over ???12 million. They have been steadily increasing over the last decade (FEDMA, 2003b). In telemarketing a direct and verbal interaction with the individuals of the target group is effectuated. It can be inbound or outbound.
In outbound calling, the marketer takes the initiative to contact the potential customer, for instance to update a database, to carry out marketing research or for test marketing, to generate or screen sales leads and make appointments for salespersons, or to (cross) sell products. Inbound calls are initiated by someone who wants to make a complaint, ask for inquiries, participate in a contest or any other form of sales promotion, or buy a product. 3. Mail order: Mail order involves the purchase of a product featured in a catalogue. It is a very traditional form of marketing that is also referred to as home shopping.
The latter also includes online purchases and teleshopping, but mail order shopping still accounts for the majority of the home shopping purchases. Home shopping has grown rapidly in recent years, in the UK as much as 20 per cent per year. Besides mail order catalogues, more modern media are also used, such as video tapes and CD-roms. Some companies place the whole catalogue on their website. Sometimes catalogues are sent by shops. In that case, they are not a home shopping medium, but serve as an advertising tool to stimulate people to come to the shop. In non-store catalogues, the customer has to order the product by mail. . Direct response advertising: 25 Direct response advertising is a message in a traditional mass medium that asks the reader, viewer, or listener to respond directly to the sender to ask for further information or to buy a product. The receivers of the message are invited to send back a coupon (print media), to call a (toll-free) telephone number, or to visit a website. Direct response radio advertising becomes increasingly important, amongst other things because the increasing penetration of mobile phones gives people the opportunity to react to a direct radio ad in the car.
During a television programme that can run as long as 30 minutes, a product is demonstrated, often before a live audience, and viewers are persuaded to order it by telephone. Contrary to traditional advertising spots in which often sophisticated creative techniques are used, infomercials are relatively cheap, because of their simple format. (Schultz 1991; Kotler 2000) International Public Relations Creating good relationships with the popular press and other media to help companies communicate messages to their publics- customers, the general public and governmental regulators is the role of public relations.
Public relations is the process of finding out how a marketer is perceived by its different publics, then developing a program to gain the goodwill or support of these publics. Public relations involve a variety of programs designed to promote or protect a company’s image or its individual products. The job consists of not only encouraging the press to cover positive stories about companies but also of managing unfavorable rumors, stories and events. The Public Relations (PR) industry is responsible for creating and maintaining relationships between clients and customers.
Through areas such as brand management, advertising, media 26 relations and crisis management, PR practitioners seek to foster interest, trust and belief in a product or company. Cross cultural differences can make or break a PR campaign. It is therefore crucial that PR practitioners dealing with PR campaigns that incorporate a cross cultural element analyze likely cross cultural differences. For example, Pepsodent tried to sell its toothpaste in Southeast Asia by emphasizing that it “whitens your teeth. They found out that the local natives chew betel nuts to blacken their teeth because they found it attractive. Had the PR company behind this campaign analyzed the cross cultural issues related to Pepsodent’s product, the failure of this PR campaign could have been avoided. Marketing PR tasks There are numerous examples of how ineffective MPR has actually harmed corporate reputations, such as the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker grounding in Alaska, a major environmental disaster.
The company was reluctant to talk to the media, to discuss the magnitude of the problem, or to take responsibility for the environmental damage the resultant oil spillage had caused. Fortunately, most MPR occurs in considerably less dramatic circumstances. For example, MPR activity around a new product may include information regarding the product being released to the media, retailers, and other stakeholders through a variety of conventional print forms such as press releases, and brochures. Purpose and Benefits
Purposes and benefits Create marketplace excitement Introduce new products before advertising breaks Bring new high-tech and health-care products to market Revitalize old brands Maintain market leadership Make advertising news where there is Examples of products and services New Volkswagen Beetle Advanced Photo systems, Nintendo 64 Windows 95 (Microsoft), Tagamet MB Ulcer Treatment Hush Puppies, Aspirin Chrysler, Pampers SuperBowl, Sophie Dahl (Opium perfume) 27 Purposes and benefits Examples of products and services no news Make promotion news where there is no Gillette and major league baseball, Kylie ews Minogue range of lingerie Make packaging news where there is no Heinz Ketchup, Doritos, Salt ‘n’ Shake crisps product news Corporate Sponsorships Corporate sponsorships might also be classified as an aspect of public relations. The tobacco companies are particularly creative at using sports event sponsorships in avoiding countries advertising regulations associated with more traditional media. Other examples are Coca-Cola’s sponsorship of European football matches or Ford’s sponsorship of the Australian Open tennis tournament.
McDonald’s executed a huge international IMC campaign surrounding its sponsorship of the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Included were Olympic themed food promotions, packaging and in-stores signs, TV and print ads and web chats with superstar athletes. During the three weeks of the Olympic Games nearly 1. 5 million burgers were served to the athletes, officials, coaches, media staffers and spectators. (Graham 2005) Internet or E-Communications E-communications is using the Internet, mobile phones, interactive television, and other electronic media in marketing communication campaigns.
In marketing communications the word ‘media’ has traditionally been used to indicate the classical mass media. The term ‘new media’ suggests all forms of new media development, but is mostly associated with electronic media. Moreover, most of these ‘new media’ have been around for some time now, but it is only recently that technological evolutions and changing consumer behaviour patterns in media usage have led to a boom in electronic media use. The most striking examples of new media are the Internet and mobile telecommunication technology. 28
The common and most important characteristic of these media is the fact that they are truly interactive. Interactivity means that it is the receiver (the viewer, caller, etc. ) who decides what to see and when to see it, or not, in other words to control the communication flow. When surfing the Web, you can read a banner or not, click-through to another website or not, read the pages as long or as briefly as you want. The role of e-communications in the IMC mix Evidently, the Internet can also be used as a corporate and marketing communications tool.
In corporate communications, the company website can be a PR medium to disseminate information about the company and its products to (potential) customers, investors, employees (internal communications, staff training), shareholders, governments, and various other stakeholders, to reinforce the corporate identity, to improve the company image, and to interact with these audiences. It is important to understand that the Internet does not replace the traditional marketing and marketing communication tools, but supplements them.
In fact, the Internet is a new medium that can (and should in many cases) be added to the marketing mix, but that is not capable of making any of the other marketing (communications) mix elements unnecessary. 29 Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Limitations ?? Poor targeting capabilities; reach and type ?? Direct one-to-one contact of audience uncertain ?? Direct sales ?? What is the useful impact? ?? Communicate with loyal customers and ?? Search difficulty: how can websites be reinforce relationship found? Need for offline and online ?? Interactivity communications support ?? Website development and maintenance ?? Lots of information can be presented costs ?? Need for cooperation with IT department ?? Low cost and call centre ?? Multimedia nature ?? Can create irritation ?? Shopping and other contacts can be made ?? Creative limitations? more pleasurable ?? Offers instant reach at any time and any ?? Communication speed place ?? Time saving ?? Buying behaviour inertia ?? Messages can be changed easily and quickly ?? Possibility to advertise on others’ websites ?? Large audience potential ?? Feed databases
E-Communications techniques 30 ??? Brand websites are sites with specific brand-related information and/or services. They not only convey information, but also serve as a platform to interact with (potential) customers and to support other forms of Internet communications. ??? Online advertising is commercial messages in standard formats on rented spaces of other companies’ websites. Its purpose is to build brand awareness and brand attitudes, and to generate traffic to the brand website. Online retailers such as Amazon use banners extensively in a technique that is called affiliate networking.
Banners are placed on thousands of other sites, directing the visitor to the retailer’s website. The banner-hosting website receives a commission every time someone clicks on the retailer’s banner and buys something. ??? Online sales promotion includes contests and sweepstakes, e-coupons, and esamples. They can generate enthusiasm, build brand awareness, and reward loyal customers. They are often supported by offline communications (for instance in advertising and on packages), and can be used to enrich customer databases, if customers are asked to give their details before they can participate in the contest or receive coupons or samples. Online games or advergames are rich media types of online brand-related entertainment. They use interactive game technology to link the brand to a pleasant and exciting web experience without explicitly advertising it. 31 ??? E-mail marketing is nothing more than using the Internet for direct marketing purposes. Just like in traditional direct marketing, e-mail marketing can be used inbound or outbound. ??? Mobile marketing or wireless advertising uses mobile devices (mostly cell phones) to communicate with customers to promote products and services, using SMS (short messages) and MMS (multimedia messages).
Mobile marketing can be used to generate brand awareness, for contest and sweepstakes, to convey information, or to generate leads. ??? Interactive television gives viewers the ability to interact with the programmes, view tailor-made content, and use a number of interactive services such as videoon-demand, home shopping, and home banking. iTV marketing offers marketers the opportunity to interact with the audience, for instance by offering interactive advertising. During the ad viewers can ask for more information, receive coupons or ask for samples, and even buy products. Graham 2005; Kotler and Keller 2009) Relationship Marketing Relationship marketing is marketing seen as relationships, networks and interaction. It is aimed at establishing long-term win-win relationships with customers. In approaching a potential customer, relationship marketing has the ambition to climb the loyalty ladder: from prospect over first-time customer, to client, supporter, advocate and partner. Relationship marketing does not only apply to the relationship between the marketer and the customer, but also to all the company’s stakeholders.
That is when relationship marketing in fact becomes networking or marketing-oriented company management: managing the company with the customer in focus. A company does not buy and sell, 32 individuals do. Therefore everyone in the company is a full-time or a part-time marketer, because even non-marketing staff have to act with the interest of the customer in mind. Therefore, it is, for instance, also important to keep good relationships with the distribution channel Levels and stages in customer relationships ???
Relationship marketing is built upon the relationship between customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and profitability. It is five times cheaper to keep an existing customer than it is to acquire a new one. ??? One of the most important components of high quality relationships with customers is trust. Brands and companies must be trusted before customers become loyal to them. The difference between repeat purchases and trust or loyalty is similar to the difference between brand or company image and reputation. ???
In a relationship marketing philosophy, integrated communications have to be aimed at retention and not just at acquisition. Selective interactive communications should be used instead of mass media monologues. Relevant information should be provided instead of repeated persuasive messages. 33 Satisfaction and confidence in the company and its brands and meaningful relationships with customers should be built. Database management, relationship marketing, and integrated marketing communications From an IMC perspective customers have relationships with both products and companies.
Databases are the tools that enable companies to do integrated marketing communications, and allow them to support the ‘customer first’ philosophy. It allows companies to register each contact with each individual (potential) customer at each point in time via each communication channel. It allows analysis of this data stream in order to increase sales after the first contact was made, to keep regular contact, and to develop a range of activities to encourage further buying and become or stay loyal to the company.
Therefore, database management is at the core of customer relationship management and IMC programmes. Consequently, database management is not just about giving support to direct marketing campaigns. Also telemarketing, call centres, e-mails, and websites can be used. Furthermore, database information can give support to advertising and sales promotion managers by giving them insight into customer characteristics, attitudes, preferences, and buying behaviour. (Kotler and Keller 2009) Comparison of different promotion mix Advertising Communications
Ability to deliver a personal message Ability to reach a large audience Level of interaction Credibility given by target audience Low High Low Low Sales promotion Public relations Personal selling Direct marketing Low Medium Low Medium Low Medium Low High High Low High Medium High Medium High Medium Costs Absolute costs High Medium Low High Medium 34 Advertising Cost per contact Wastage Size of investment Low High High Sales promotion Medium Medium Medium Public relations Low High Low Personal selling High Low High Direct marketing High Low Medium Control
Ability to target particular audiences Management’s ability to adjust: the deployment of the tool as circumstances change Source: Fill, 1995:12 Medium High Low Medium High Medium High Low Medium High CONCLUSION: ??? Undoubtedly, a broad awareness of the integrated marketing communications concept has been created and its diffusion worldwide is evident. Such development and diffusion is dependent upon underlying environmental factors that show evidence of increased acceleration in the 21st century, which augers well for the future development of IMC and its related construct- integrated marketing. IMC is becoming more widely accepted and recognized, but there are still many conceptual issues that need further exploration and analysis. If further research is undertaken, it needs to be preeminently with client organizations. Further critical discussion is also needed from a conceptual perspective. 35 ??? Organizations can achieve an execution that is consistent and appears to have integrated marketing communications, but the essence of the IMC movement is call to make marketing communication more effective through greater tactical coordination and a strong brand strategy that is driven by customer feedback data. ??? IMC is centered on building and leveraging customer and consumer interests and relationships. This relationship orientation ties IMC to one-to-one marketing and customer relation management, and challenges managers to deal with the integration, alignment, measurement, and accountability of both traditional and new interactive marketing approaches. ???
IMC has been hypothesized to provide benefits in the coordination of marketing communication activities and across the various functions involved in the implementation of marketing campaigns most desirable outcomes of effective IMC is more differentiation leading to more monopolistic brand, making the brand less vulnerable to competition. ??? Integrated Marketing Communications encompasses general advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion and public relations. None of the four elements of IMC is inherently superior or inferior; they all have important functions in an integrated campaign.
Integrated marketing communications efforts can best be orchestrated by a cross-functional team using a comprehensive promotional plan. RECOMMENDATIONS: ??? Although considerable research and discussion exists on the subject of IMC, a number of gaps requiring further attention remain. For example, more study is needed on IMC in different sectors to see how integration varies in different 36 industry conditions; there has also been a lack of attention paid to understanding the catalysts that prompt organizations to adopt an IMC approach.
IMC is not simply a multimedia coordinated campaign, IMC is more than just tactical consistency, usually referred to as “one voice, one look. ” ??? Organizations can achieve an execution that is consistent and appears to have integrated marketing communications, but the essence of the IMC movement is a call to make marketing communication more effective through greater tactical coordination and a strong brand strategy that is driven by customer feedback data. ??? For organizations with low market orientation the cultural context for interfunctional coordination and focusing on customers, should be taken to develop IMC.
This is because the cultural foundation for cooperation across functions, departments, and SBUs (strategic business units), or with suppliers and other stakeholders, may not exist. We believe that where brand orientation is low, implying low sharing of corporate or brand identity and vision, attempts at introducing IMC may not be as successful. ??? The cost of advertising is quite high but at the same time it can target a large a number of audience which is not possible with personal selling.
Companies with good financial position should adopt for advertising their goods and services. ??? If the sales of a company are declining in a particular market segment, then to regain the customer loyalty and to attract them the company should opt for various techniques of sales promotion. ??? Companies introducing new products can go for public relations as it is a powerful tool particularly in terms of accountability for effectiveness and efficiency in an increasingly competitive world. 37 References 38
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Dr Ann Liebert and her team have just published another peer-reviewed journal article specifically about the microbiome.
Parkinson’s is mentioned, but the article aimed to describe the potential for red and near infrared light to change bacterial colonies that live in our gut and thus change the way other parts of the body function.
Here is a link to the full article. It is extremely interesting.
If you haven’t started putting your Eliza, Cossack or Coronet on your tummy a few times each week, then it is worth doing. It might sound weird, but then red lights on the head were once thought to be weird.
In case the above link doesn’t work, you can download the full article.
This article about Dr Ann Liebert’s work was published in The Australian a few days ago.
One of the many things it highlights is the effect of red lights on a key non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s – the sense of smell.
Hot off the press is a peer-reviewed journal article describing the observations of people with Parkinson’s disease using transcranial red and near infrared light hats on a daily basis.
The title of the article is a hoot: The “Buckets”: Early Observations on the Use of Red and Infrared Light Helmets in Parkinson’s Disease Patients.
The authors are: Catherine L. Hamilton, Hala El Khoury, David Hamilton, Frank Nicklason, and John Mitrofanis.
The article is published in: Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.http://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4663
Here is a link to the abstract, or you can download the full article.
This afternoon researcher Dr Ann Liebert will be presenting early results of the clinical trial she has been running in conjunction with Parkinson’s South Australia. This study looked at the effects of red and near infrared light on people with Parkinson’s disease.
Dr Liebert will continue to work with Parkinson’s SA and as well, will start a new study In Parkinson’s patients in Sydney this month.
The Sydney study will use the Well Red coronet, so Ron and I are very chuffed.
The initial analysis of the SA study confirms the kinds of improvements we’ve been seeing in people using red and near infrared lights on a daily basis for Parkinson’s.
Dr Liebert has kindly agreed that I can put a summary of the early findings of her clinical trial on the blog.
It is fantastic to see research into this promising area happening in Australia. Prof John Mitrofanis and his team from the University of Sydney were the first to document the huge potential of red and near infrared lights in Parkinson’s disease.
We in Tasmania played around with LED strips, buckets and plastic-coated wire and showed that trans-cranial lights make a difference to people with Parkinson’s. Now Dr Ann Liebert’s clinical trials are helping to confirm and define the changes that red lights make.
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The meaning of the name ' Nakul '
' Nakul ' is Hindu Boy name meaning : " Mangoos, 4th Pandav "
Numerology : 5 ( read the mean )
Hindi writting : converter tool
Length of name : 5 letters
Note : When you found the good name for baby on this website, before making a decision choosing a baby name , please verify the accuracy of names and their meanings again with the knowledgeable individuals.
Similar Hindu Names :
|Nakesa||Lord Of Heavon||read more...|
|Naksatramalin||Having The Garlands Of Stars||read more...|
|Naksatraraja||King Of Stars||read more...|
|Nakshatranemir||The Nave Of The Stars||read more...|
|Nakshatree||The Lord Of The Stars (The Moon)||read more...|
|Nakul||Mangoos, 4th Pandav||read more...|
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Image used for illustrative purpose only. (Twitter)
David Sharp, Associated Press
The last holiday season was far from the most wonderful time of the year for the US Postal Service: Sick and quarantined workers, a flood of packages from shoppers loath to set foot in stores and a last-minute dump of packages from overwhelmed private shippers.
Postal workers who recall packages and letters piled up in distribution hubs are better prepared this time as they gear up for another pandemic crunch. But low product inventories, and port and supply chain disruptions are creating new uncertainty about getting gifts delivered.
Already, workers are seeing a surge in holiday packages that began several weeks ago.
“A lot of the workers are saying, ‘Oh no. Here we go again,’” said Scott Adams, local president of the American Postal Workers Union in Portland.
The US Postal Service and private shippers UPS and FedEx are bolstering their hiring — bringing in about 230,000 temporary workers — and taking other steps to ensure they don’t become overwhelmed by packages.
Nearly 3.4 billion parcels are expected to crisscross the country this holiday season, representing an estimated increase of about 400 million compared to last year, said Satish Jindel, from Pennsylvania-based ShipMatrix, which analyzes shipping package data.
When cards and letters are included, the US Postal Service said it’ll be delivering more than 12 billion items.
“The pandemic is still here. The supply chain is a challenge that’s going to impact how people shop and how products move,” said Mark Dimondstein, president of the American Postal Workers Union, which represents more than 200,000 postal workers.
Despite the precarious situation, the Postal Service, UPS and FedEx are in better shape to handle the peak volume, and several trends could work in their favour, Jindel said.
More people are shopping in stores compared to last year, and people have been placing online orders earlier because they’re keenly aware of supply chain problems, Jindel said. Also, with workers returning to offices, there are fewer office supply shipments being made to homes, he said.
Most importantly, the shippers are adapting after their rough-and-tumble experience last year, he said. US Postmaster General Louis DeJoy, who faced withering criticism last year but reported on-time improvements and reduced operating losses this month, says the service is ready for the crunch.
“We are ready, so send us your packages and your mail,” he said.
A year ago, more than a third of Postal Service first-class mail was late by the time Christmas arrived.
Tractor-trailers stuffed with mail were left idling outside some postal-sorting facilities. Packages and letters piled up in distribution hubs. Delays grew by days, and then weeks, in many instances.
Two things were painfully obvious. More workers and more space were needed — and both are being addressed.
To get a handle of the volume, the Postal Service is transitioning more than 30,000 non-career employees to the ranks of career employees by peak season, hiring 40,000 seasonal employees, and leasing extra space at more than 100 locations to ensure there’s room for parcels.
The Postal Service installed more than 100 new package sorting machines as of early November, part of $40 billion of planned investment over 10 years. Also, more than 50 package systems capable of sorting large packages are expected to be deployed before December. Combined, these expand capacity by an additional 4.5 million packages per day, officials said.
UPS, for its part, is hiring more than 100,000 seasonal employees across the country and continues to add aircraft and automation. It expects nearly 90% of its packages to flow through automated facilities by year’s end.
FedEx, meanwhile, is in the process of boosting its nationwide workforce by 90,000 across its operating companies. Most of those new workers are expected to remain after the holidays, the company said.
Despite all those extra workers, the shippers agree that this is not the year for shoppers to procrastinate.
“Complete your holiday shopping as soon as possible,” said Jim Mayer, spokesperson for UPS.
For the study, published in the journal BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, the team analysed survey responses from more than 160 pregnant and post-partum women.
Bollywood’s latest heartthrob, Kartik Aaryan, took to his social media account to share a new post for his fans and followers. The handsome actor shared his funny side effects after recovering from the novel coronavirus.
Christmas is coming, but in Santa's home village in northern Finland, the COVID pandemic means that the flocks of tourists who usually start to make merry in Rovaniemi at this time of year are not.
"Our goal is to achieve zero COVID infection for two months in our villages. And I believe you can do it," Mayor Moreno said in handing the $2,000 to each of the village chairmen. "That's why we want to honour you for your achievement."
The United States Senate had passed 51-50, with Vice President Kamala Harris using her tie-breaker vote to pass a $430 billion Inflation Reduction Act, which will create tax credits for clean energy alternatives, including incentives for solar, wind, nuclear power, and for electric cars.
Recently, the circular economy has emerged as a concept that is rapidly gaining significance in several countries, including the UAE.
Eight of the nine Supreme Court justices went to Harvard or Yale law schools. So did nearly a fifth of the federal judiciary. This rankles some politicians, watchdog groups and others who see it as an outrageous manifestation of elitism that needs to be changed, given how much power this small group has over the lives of
Whether one watches Fox News or MSNBC, reads The New York Times or the Wall Street Journal, it has become difficult to view the United States as anything but a game of political dodgeball, with two opposing teams that loath one another trying to knock the other out by whistling partisan fastballs at any vulnerable opponent.
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3…2…1…It’s time to blast off with American Girl’s 2018 Girl of the Year™, Luciana Vega™!
Luciana is the latest in American Girl’s long line of inspiring characters that encourage girls to think about who they want to be and how they want to make their mark in the world—no matter the challenges they may face. In Luciana, girls will meet a creative, confident 11-year-old girl and aspiring astronaut who dreams of being the first person to go to Mars. And, while she has the skills and smarts to achieve her goals, she also learns that being a good leader and team player right here on Earth is the best first step.
To help ensure the accuracy of Luciana’s story and product line, American Girl worked with the following four-member Advisory Board who were integral to Luciana’s development: Dr. Ellen Stofan, former NASA Chief Scientist; Dr. Deborah Barnhart, CEO and Executive Director of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center; Dr. Megan McArthur Behnken, NASA Astronaut; and Maureen O’Brien, Manager of Strategic Alliances at NASA. In addition, a team of American Girl editors and product designers visited Space Camp and NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston to gain insight into a day in the life of a Space Camp trainee—from putting on space suits and learning about the “right” way to eat in space to conducting a mission in micro-gravity.
Luciana’s world comes to life via a beautiful 18-inch Luciana™ doll, featuring warm brown eyes, medium skin, and dark brown hair with a distinctive purple streak to show off her creative side.
Other STEM-inspired outfits, accessories, and products that reflect her Space Camp® experience include Luciana’s Flight Suit and Space Suit, her Maker Station, and a Mars Habitat loaded with science and research essentials for hours of pretend play. And—for the first time—girls can further engage in Luciana’s world by downloading the American Girl app and scanning her catalogue pages and products to unlock exclusive content, including augmented reality, trailers and videos, space simulations, quizzes and challenges, and much more.
Additionally, Luciana’s story is chronicled in a chapter book series written by Erin Teagan and published by Scholastic.
To engage girls and boys with Luciana’s message, American Girl—in partnerships with Scholastic, NASA, and Space Camp—has funded Blast Off to Discovery, an educational program to help third through fifth-grade students explore the wonder of space through Luciana-inspired content, including STEM-based lesson plans and classroom activities, videos, a game, and more.
The program will be available on www.scholastic.com starting January 31, 2018.
In addition, American Girl and Scholastic will host a Mission to Mars Sweepstakes where families can go on a series of weekly missions for a chance to win several prizes, including a grand prize trip to Space Camp valued at over $2,000.
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Gov. Ralph DLG Torres, the Governor’s COVID-19 Task Force, and the Commonwealth Healthcare Corp. have confirmed the CNMI’s seventh and eighth COVID-19-related death. Both patients passed this month: one patient was unvaccinated, and the other was vaccinated.
The patients tested positive for COVID-19 in December, were identified at CHCC, and isolated.
“The passing of members of our community is never easy to share, and it is a reminder for us to stay vigilant and vaccinated against this virus. If you’re unvaccinated, please get vaccinated,” said Torres.
As of Dec. 18, 2021, there have been a total of 2,422 confirmed COVID-19 cases in the CNMI.
“Our sincerest and heartfelt condolences go out to both families. It’s always difficult when you lose a family member and especially right before the holidays,” said CHCC chief executive officer Esther L. Muña. “I urge the CNMI community to please continue to practice preventive measures to keep yourself and your family living COVID-19 safe. Please consider vaccinations if you are able to and get your boosters when due to have this extra layer of defense against this disease. Continue to wear your mask, wash your hands, and watch your distance. Even during the holidays, you can celebrate safely with these measures in place, like celebrating outdoors; and if you are celebrating indoors, bring in fresh air by opening the windows and doors, if possible. We should all look for the risks of transmission and focus on removing those risks.”
The CHCC highly encourages unvaccinated individuals to get vaccinated or get a booster shot against COVID-19 to help prevent severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Data from small clinical trials show that vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection is waning after the primary series, but protection remains high against severe disease and hospitalization. Register for COVID-19 vaccination at www.vaccinatecnmi.com.
If you are experiencing COVID-19 symptoms like coughing, fever, shortness of breath, or new loss of taste or smell, get checked by a health care provider right away, or call the CHCC Tele-Triage line (670) 233-2067 if you do not have a provider.
If you are not experiencing COVID-19 symptoms and it has been five to seven days since your exposure to a person who may have COVID-19, avail of the free Department of Fire and Emergency Medical Services antigen testing (Mondays, Wednesdays, Saturdays, 8am – 4pm, at Kagman, Garapan, or Susupe fire stations) or the free community-based testing (register at https://covidtesting.chcc.health; more dates will be announced).
While you wait to get tested or get your test results, live COVID-19 safe: practice the 3 W’s (wear your mask, wash your hands, watch your distance); avoid crowds and poorly ventilated spaces; cover coughs and sneezes; clean and disinfect high touch surfaces daily; be alert for symptoms daily; and get tested for COVID-19. View the CNMI COVID-19 guide book at www.staysafecnmi.com/livecovidsafe. (PR)
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BURBANK — A scrapbook documenting the first pontifical visit of a Catholicos to the United States was donated to the Western Diocese Museum by Diramayr Anna Movsesian. At the invitation of Diocesan Primate, Archbishop Hovnan Derderian, a special presentation program took place on the evening of August 16 at the Hampar Room of the Western Diocese.
Before a standing-room-only crowd, Diramayr shared memories and feelings when His Holiness Vazken I, of Blessed Memory, first visited the United States in the summer of 1960. She spoke briefly about the experience of growing up in America. Born in Chelsea Massachusetts to Genocide survivors, she remembered the early days of the developing Armenian diaspora. In 1960, newly married with two children at the time, and her husband Varougan just graduating Pharmacy School at USC, they had the opportunity to meet His Holiness in Los Angeles and travel to Fresno and San Francisco for this historic visit. Along the way she clipped newspaper stories and collected pictures which document Catholicos Vazken’s unprecedented journey throughout the Western United States and the various Armenian communities.
Her remarks were on a personal level as well. She recounted an ornate cross-holder which she had hand-sewn for the Catholicos. She presented it to His Holiness in San Francisco during the visit. It was this same cross-holder which 17 years later the Catholicos used to bless her son after being ordained a deacon in Holy Etchmidzin.
Diramayr Anna concluded her remarks by reciting a poem which she had written at the time. Entitled “D’khur Ararat” (=sad Ararat) she describes the emotional ties between the Armenian community in diaspora and the sacred land of Armenia. Needless to say, the rendition of this poem was met with thunderous applause by those in attendance.
The second portion of the evening was devoted to viewing the Scrapbook. Diramayr’s son, Fr. Vazken Movsesian explained the significance and importance of the book, accented with enlarged slides of the scrapbook. The year was 1960, he explained. The Cold War was at its height. McCarthyism was more than a memory, it had affected so many lives and the Armenian Church was the victim of the false allegations capitalizing on the fear-mongering that came with the McCarthy era. And in that mix, the Catholicos of All Armenians, in the person of His Holiness Vazken I, came to America. The value of this scrapbook is heightened because it documents the words and expressions of His Holiness as heard by the Western Press. Here was a true Christian religious leader who was talking about loyalty to the United States and the importance of integrity and dignity. He also shared the pain of the schism within the Armenian Church stating, “Politics are temporary but the Church is eternal.”
Fr. Vazken also shared the story of His Holiness refusal to celebrate the Liturgy at the Shrine Auditorium while his Armenian Church – St. James just down the street – remained empty. The documentation in the scrapbook graphically describes the congestion and mass-transport of thousands to the church on Adams Blvd.
In his remarks at the conclusion of the presentation, Archbishop Hovnan Derderian expressed his gratitude for this scrapbook and welcomed it as a valuable addition to the Diocesan museum and library collection. Said the Primate, “It was most impressive to hear Diramayr Anna Movsesian share what she felt from the depth of her heart, when for the first time she met the Catholicos of All Armenians during his visit to North America and the State of California. This historic visit of Vazken I touched her heart as a young Armenian mother, she felt that this Catholicos was reaching out to his flock, to embrace and unify them under the umbrella of the Armenian Church. All of us enjoyed and are spiritually empowered by the memories of Diramayr Anna Movsesian. The evening was nostalgic, in particular reviving in our hearts the memories of the past. However, we are reminded again this evening that Vazken Vehapar is not only a memory but a presence in our lives.”
Among those in attendance at the presentation were His Eminence Archbishop Vatche Hovsepian, who along with clergy offered the requiem prayer in memory of His Holiness Vazken I. Also attending were were Deacon Allen Jendian and Hrair Shekerdjian, who were both part of the ACYO Central Council in 1960, meeting and greeting the Catholicos and documented in this scrapbook. According to Archbishop Hovnan Derderian next year, as we commemorate the 25th anniversary of the passing of the Venerable Catholicos Vazken I, this book should be published for distribution to the faithful.
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Perhaps the most often used gardening tool in the shed is the trowel. One could also say that it may be the MVP of garden tools because it can be used for so many different things. These include:
· Transplant a plant from one location to another.
· Plant flowers into pots.
· Clear out a hole for a plant to be planted in.
· Cut down to the base of a weed and pull it out by the roots.
A garden trowel has many parts associated with it. They include:
· The Blade is the main working portion of the tool. It includes a sharp edge that can cut into the soil or through roots and is large enough to hold a small amount of soil or compost. They come in an assortment of shapes and sizes.
· The Handle is the part of the trowel holds. It provides leverage when digging a hole.
· Ferrule Connection is a piece of metal that protects the connection between the tang and the handle.
· Hanging Hole is a drilled hole at the end of some trowel handles to allow it to be hung on a hook,
· Tang a rounded metal bar that is made into an “S” shape that connects the blade to the handle.
· Depth Gauge is a series of measurements along the length of the blade that denotes distance. The gauge is either in metric ranging from 2 cm to 10 cm or imperial ranging from 1-inch to 4-inches. It helps the user plant bulbs at the proper depth.
How To Use A Trowel
The most important parts of the trowel that makes it work are the blade and the handle. The blade includes a scooped edge that permits it to hold soil for potting and transplanting plants.
The sharp edge of the trowel allows it to cut into hard soil.
The handle provides sufficient grip and permits the user to lever the blade to perform a number of tasks including creating a hole for planting bulbs and to transfer compost into a pot.
(Next time: The different types of trowel blades)
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Nime solder wire resin core 40T 250g x 0.71mm
Resin and acid core solders are manufactured with the solder wire as a tube and the center of the tube contains the flux. Resin core solder contains a mild flux and is designed to solder parts where flux residue cannot be removed. An example would be electric circuit boards, or electrical connections. In these applications there is often no practical way to clean flux residue after soldering. Resin flux residue is non-corrosive which eliminates the need for post solder cleaning. The mild nature of resin core limits its use to copper and brass.
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There are many reasons that make a website at the top of Google’s search results. Google shows search results based on their algorithm designed to give the most relevant links and answers to every search query. Although there are more than 200 actual ranking factors that go into the algorithm, some of the general factors are:
1 Your medical website needs to be fast, mobile-friendly, and secure:
Website speed, security, and mobile-friendliness altogether are ranking factors. If your website is taking more than three seconds to load, then a majority of web visitors will hit the “back” button. Google knows this, and since google’s goal is to serve the absolute best resources, they aren’t going to put a slow website at the top. First, your website should be fast. Acc. to Google two seconds is the threshold, but they aim for under half a second. According to Google, 77% of smartphone owners have used their smartphones to find local health services in the previous six months, and 79% of them say they’re more likely to visit again or share that website if it is user-friendly.
2 Use Quality Content on a Website
It is not only that your website needs to be fast, secure, and mobile-friendly, but it also needs to have pages of quality and relevant content. What is meant by quality content? Basically, quality content is content that genuinely helps to make your target audience’s lives better. In layman’s terms, you need content driven by your patients’ needs and wants. You will require optimized content for each of consumers’ medical micro-moments and you’ll need a content calendar.
3 Do a detailed keyword research
Every keyword is different based on a specific practice. Google Keyword Planner is the best tool for keyword searching. Some Keyword Planner’s suggestions for medical professions/facilities: “hospital,” “doctors”, “best hospitals” with the avg volume of monthly searches for these terms. There should be no keyword stuffing means you should not add your keywords without any relevance.
4 Use meta title & description
It is necessary to fill both sections in order to rank a website. If you have a WordPress medical website, you can install a plugin of Yoast SEO to edit meta titles and meta descriptions. One always recommends including your keywords in both your title tag and meta description, as well as add schema. Schema is a code that we add which gives Google more information about your page. Having schema markup on a website doesn’t mean the site will automatically reach the top, this tag makes it easier for Google to interpret hence making it more likely to be included in the search results.
5 OFF Page Factors
Off-Page indicators include links to your site, social media traffic. These are two areas that can help in influencing Google search rankings. While social media is not a direct ranking factor, But it is one of your main priorities when it comes to OFF-Page SEO. The content found on a social media page can influence a patient’s choice for a hospital or treatment center. Many people nowadays take social media reviews into account before visiting a hospital.
You have to ensure that your social profile is up to date and is relevant to your business so users can find and interact with you in a couple of ways.
Also for links, you have to make sure that spam links are hurting your healthcare SEO performance. You can use many link-building tools that are available on Google to check your existing link profile and analyze the live links. Are they all from a quality and from relevant sources? Or do many of them appear to be just spam links? Unregister spammy links to help clean up your link profile and improve your rank
6 Local Medical SEO
You should keep your GMB page ie Google My Business page optimized and fresh. If any patient needs treatment local and for them to get you, your hospital needs to be there at GMB
The group of 4 to 5 hospitals will appear above the organic google search results. On mobile, they are the only thing your patients will see while searching. The information listed here comes from your hospital’s GMB page, that’s why you should ensure the following information is accurate and available:
- The business categories.
- Your primary phone number.
- The business description.
- Your Working Hours
- Your address or service area.
- Google reviews of your business
The Final Conclusion:
Healthcare SEO doesn’t require any Einstein to figure out that it is the key to getting a healthcare business at the top of Google’s search results. One always needs a full diagnosis to get the full picture. That’s why everyone recommends that always start your SEO journey with digital competitive analysis. This will compare the web presence of your website to the web presences of your top competitors and will figure out all opportunities that you are missing.
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I love seeing our titles translated into multiple foreign languages and enjoyed by children around the world. While all our books are of high quality, not all of them will work in all countries. Here are a few interesting things I’ve learned about selling our titles at international book fairs:
- Science and math titles always get the attention of both rights agents and distributors, especially in the East-Asian market. All I need to do is flip to the catalog page featuring a new Robert E. Wells title and a contract will be signed within months.
- American holiday titles and illustration styles considered “American”, however, generally do not stir interest overseas.
- Surprisingly, we have some interest in the Korean market for African American titles for they see those as encouraging, obstacle-overcoming lessons.
- Speaking of Korean market, our title of Princess K.I.M. and the Lie That Grew put a smile on all the Korean publishers’ faces when it was first presented. Why? Because Kim is a very popular surname in Korea!
- New born babies and titles on siblings are generally not too popular in China due to the One Child Policy.
- Muslim regions do not accept any stories with pigs in them.
- In general, illustrated animal characters sell. The cuter they are, the more sample review copies are requested.
- We also learned throughout the years that bunnies do particularly well in Germany.
Do you know of any other fun facts that I missed? Feel free to share them with us!
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Intersectionality applies to a given individual or group, described as the interconnected social categorizations such as sexuality, age, and gender regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage. Everyone has different intersectionality map based on their individual subject positions. Subject positions also called “social categorizations”. For me I come from China, raised there, and will still be a Chinese in the future. I am an Asian, being influence by asian culture and educated in Asian education system. Which isn’t mean I am a nerd according to most popular stereotype asians have. I am also a straight female in most times. My birth sex is female for reference, however, I have lacking awareness of my gender, I don’t mind to be a male in any case, to me I see no big difference. I’m most time heterosexual, more specifically demisexual, who would only feel sex interaction based on romantic feeling. I do not practice any religion, but I do have a brief of all religion exists with their own standard, we might be living in a multi universe. Age is one thing I find interesting as a subjection. It is not always determinable of how old someone is as age is a ruler of how much a person have experienced while everyone’s life is so different. Thirty five is an age I believe for a person to be fully responsible, while eight is when a man still has his purest heart. Susan kaiser said “subject positions are not isolated. instead, they are multiple, and they intersect. they defy singular, essentialist ways of being.” these subject positions are the purest form of the human and what they are made up of.
To think of ways my intersectionality affect on my daily dress, the most obvious one is being unisex. I admire both tradition women’s wear and wen’s wear, even appreciate the chemical while they crashing. I adore playing the concept of unisex, for example, pair a feminine dress with a super masculine leather jacket. I also disagree with appropriate dressing except for special equation. For example, an old should be allowed to wear as much color as she wants. I also wear princess dresses a lot, just because I like being a child sometimes.
Susan Kaiser, Fashion and Cultural Studies (New York: Berg, 2012) 35
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No liquid waste or hazardous materials were found
Guelph, Ont., July 21, 2022 – Excavation of the remaining drums in and around Bristol Street Park is now complete, and the park is fully restored and open to visitors again.
In April this year, City staff closed the park to remove buried drums that remained after the original 2014 excavation. While several drums were removed, no liquid waste and no hazardous materials were found. As each buried drum was removed, the excavated areas were backfilled with new soil suitable for residential and parkland use. Every precaution was taken to ensure the excavation work was completed safely with minimal impact and all materials were removed from the site for safe disposal. Testing showed that conditions at the site did not affect the water quality in Howitt Creek or the Speed River.
More trees planted
Some trees and shrubs were removed or trimmed to safely access the buried drums however, the Kentucky Coffee trees, an at-risk species in Ontario, were transplanted in the park and over 100 new trees and shrubs, native to our region, were also planted.
The excavation work improved the environmental conditions of the park, and the additional native trees and shrubs make the space even more inviting, provide suitable habitat for wildlife and contribute to our overall efforts to increase our tree canopy in Guelph by 40 per cent.
In 2014, the City was upgrading water infrastructure in the area when drums were discovered underground. City staff notified Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) and the drums and materials were tested, contained, and removed from the site. Further analysis of the surface soil, air quality and groundwater indicated there was no current risk from the undisturbed drums to residents and the environment. Since then, City staff worked with specialized remediation professionals to evaluate the site to make sure we could remove the remaining buried drums safely and effectively. The City shared its progress with the MECP and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health throughout this project.
Kyle VanderMeer, Environmental Engineer
Engineering and Transportation Services
City of Guelph
519-822-1260 extension 3892
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A person’s immune system is an extremely important defense mechanism that can identify invading organisms and consequently destroy them. The immune system can be triggered naturally or artificially. The latter is done by immunizations and vaccines.
Immunization prevents diseases by enabling the body to rapidly respond to an attack and enhancing the production of an immune response via immune cells to a particular harmful organism. This is done by administering vaccines, such as those available at our pharmacy.
Before you get immunized, it’s good to know first the different immune cells of your body. The primary line of defense of the body consists of external barriers that prevent organisms or pathogens from entering – skin, mucus, cilia, commensal bacteria, and lysozyme. Inside the body, cells such as phagocytes, antibodies, T-cells, B-cells, white blood cells, and acid would come into play. The body’s ability to elevate its temperature is also a response that makes internal conditions unfavorable for pathogens to survive. This is why we naturally have fevers in response to viruses or bacteria entering our bodies and over-the-counter purchases of medicines from any retail pharmacy become necessary.
An immune response may either be primary or secondary. Vaccination uses the secondary response by exposing the body to antigens of a particular pathogen and activates the immune system without causing harm or disease. While the initial response of the body to a vaccine is similar to that of the primary response upon first exposure, subsequent doses boost this response and result in the production of long-lasting antibodies and memory cells. To know more about vaccines, visit our community pharmacy in Kentucky.
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Most of us understand how powerful the proper breast size and shape can be for accentuating the overall figure and aesthetic of a woman’s body. However, many people fail to account for how important that placement of the areolas and nipples are on the breasts. Yet, these central, pigmented parts of skin draw the most attention when revealed. Do you happen to be one of the many people that are unhappy with the position or appearance of their nipples?
WHAT IS NIPPLE REPOSITIONING SURGERY?
This particular operation was primarily designed to enhance the appearance, shape, size, and/or position of the nipples and areolas. Unfortunately, due to a variety of different reasons (including genetic, hormonal, or development issues), these parts of the breasts can become enlarged, droopy, asymmetrical, or even change position. Luckily, almost any irregularity in this area can be drastically improved with a nipple reposition procedure. Some of the most common include:
Nipples that seem to hang low on the breasts can be corrected with this operation. It can also be used to correct nipples that are set too far or close together.
Prominent nipples caused by genetic issues, breast-feeding, or other factors can be aesthetically improved with this procedure.
Inverted or Retracted Nipple Corrections
Nipples that don’t have the proper amount of protrusion can be easily fixed with this surgery.
Asymmetrical or Irregular Areola Corrections
This type of cosmetic correction can give nipples a more symmetrical and natural look.
Do you feel as if your self-confidence and overall lifestyle would benefit from a nipple repositioning procedure? If so, please don’t hesitate to contact the Gentera.
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Turn your everyday online shopping into FREE donations
Over £40m raised for good causes through easyfundraising
Uganda Partnership Deptford Green Global School Partnership Programme with St Kizito School in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, is now in its 8th year and it continues to grow in both strength and breadth with shared curriculum projects in many subjects in both schools focussing on cultural understanding and global citizenship. Exchange visits offer students and teachers the life-changing opportunity to immerse themselves in a different culture and educational environment.
It's simple to use and it's free. Since we launched in 2005, we've helped thousands of good causes raise money simply by shopping online. Our community of over 2.1 million loyal supporters has so far raised over £40 million.
Choose a cause to support then join for free
Visit retailers and then shop online as normal
Your cause receives free donations
easyfundraising turns your everyday online shopping into free donations for your favourite cause.
How? Just start your online shopping first at easyfundraising, then shop as normal.
Our retailers will then make a small donation to say “thank you”.
We have 4700+ retailers to choose from and so far we've raised over £40 million for thousands of community groups, schools, sports clubs, small and large charities across the UK. Easy!
Kim Cowling - 1st and 3rd Kilmacolm Guides
easyfundraising has been great for us and so easy to use. Imagine being given free money just for online shopping! Since joining we have raised over £2,200.
Over £40 million raised
2.1 million supporters
160,000 good causes
Over 4,700 shops
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Common Aptitude Analysis for admission to Mayo College is held in the 3rd week of November every year at various centers in India. It can also be arranged overseas through the India Embassy in that country. The Analysis evaluates the candidate in English, Hindi and Mathematics to test the age specified skills in Mathematics and languages. Parents are notified in the month of August preceding the year in which admission is sought. Only the student who are eligible as per their previous Class of study and who are registered for admission are allowed to take the Aptitude Analysis.
For item required by Post, all Payment should be made through a Demand Draft drawn in favor of 'Mayo College, Ajmer', payable at Ajmer.
The Common Aptitude Analysis is held only for admission upto Class IX. For entrance to Class XI, admission is considered on the basis of the Board's result of Class X. Admission is subject to merit and vacancy and rarely does student with less than 85% get admitted. Please get it touch with us when the Board results are declared.
Admissions in Mayo College are made on the basis of the performance in the Common Aptitude Analysis. Brothers of present student and children of Old Boys are given weightage.
Admissions are finalized by the Education Committee comprising members of the Board of which the Director is a member.
The merit list is drawn on the basis of performance in Aptitude Analysis and those who qualify are asked to appear for an interaction in the month of December, January or February. Admissions are finalized on the cumulative performance of Aptitude Analysis and the interaction. The new entrants join in the month of April.
Overseas candidates may come for the interaction after informing the School of their availability for the interaction if they are unable to come on the date specified. Their wards can join the school in July of the year of Entry.
Parents of children admitted are expected to confirm their acceptance within ten days. The acceptance of admission should be accompanied by payment in accordance with instructions in the offered letter. The same will be forfeited if the offer once accepted is later declined.
Students will have to produce a Transfer Certificate and should have gained promotion to the Class of admission by July of the year in which they are being admitted. In case the boy is asked to join on a specific date without talking the final examination, a Transfer Certificate of promotion to the previous class will have to be provided.
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Cloud security is of great concern to enterprises today. Security is one of the main reasons that many business leaders are slow to adapt to Unified Communications and Collaboration (UCC) in the cloud. Keeping data on premises allows businesses and IT leaders to feel more secure. So are UCC cloud security concerns valid, or is the cloud a trustworthy technology?
In reality, the cloud offers many of its own security advantages. Before businesses assume that the cloud isn’t safe for UCC, it is worth taking a look at what is available and determining the risks associated with moving to the cloud: companies moving to the cloud in order to replace various technologies and services could realize serious benefits, especially if the solutions serve as an extension of the network and security infrastructure already in place. When deployed properly, cloud solutions can help SMBs (small and medium-sized businesses) and enterprises become more agile and can help with cost savings.
Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS) is one of the fastest-growing markets in communications. The cloud can enable companies to:
- Decrease equipment costs
- Move certain budgeting from a CAPEX to an OPEX model
- Simplify management and cost-tracking
- Improve scalability
- Increase IT speed and agility
- Allow for disaster recovery and business continuity
When a company hesitates to choose UCC in the cloud, it needs to understand what the security threats are and how to approach security for the solution. So what are the risks? In 2013, the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) identified "The Notorious Nine," the top nine cloud computing threats. The report reflects analyses among industry experts surveyed by CSA, focusing on threats specifically related to the shared, on-demand attributes of cloud computing. These nine threats are:
- Data theft/breaches
- Data loss
- Account/service traffic hijacking
- Non-secure interfaces/APIs
- Denial of service
- Malicious insiders
- Cloud abuse
- Insufficient due diligence
- Shared technology issues
According to a recent survey, physical theft, employee mistakes (like lost devices), and insider threats were responsible for 42.7% of 2013 data breaches in the United States. In another 29.6% of data breaches, hackers broke into data owned by companies and government agencies. Big tech companies, major retailers, and airlines were among many of the recent victims. According to the Alert Logic Cloud Security report:
- An enterprise data center (EDC) is four times more likely to suffer a malware/bot attack than a cloud hosting provider (CHP).
- EDCs and CHPs are equally vulnerable to a “vulnerability scan” and a “brute force” hack.
- EDCs are three times more likely to suffer a recon attack and four times more likely to suffer an app attack.
- Cloud providers are 40% more likely to suffer a Web app attack and 10% more prone to vulnerability scan weakness than an EDC. In recons, malware, bot, and app attacks, the cloud seems to have less risk than most on-premises technologies.
- In the end, cloud risks are manageable, and no one is 100% secure.
- Cloud-based technologies and services do have security advantages. For many cloud service providers, there is a strong commitment to security. This commitment means:
Businesses get enterprise hardware for a small-business price. With cloud computing, data are stored on enterprise-grade hardware, equipment that is typically unaffordable for most SMBs. UCC customers get safer equipment.
Companies get more focused security for UCC. For cloud vendors to be successful, they need to focus on securing their service. This means that instead of attempting to prevent a variety of more general threats (as your in-house model would require), cloud vendors are spend time securing online data.
Flexibility and agility can be achieved in the cloud. Many IT organizations are stretched thin and have a hard time balancing day-to-day operations with strategic projects. One of the advantages of UCC cloud services is the speed of deployment. Businesses have the flexibility to roll out cloud services without the IT time and resource commitments typically associated with a legacy deployment model.
UCC professional management saves time and money. Using the cloud in order to store data means that businesses get trained professionals to manage patch and server software updates. IT resources can be deployed to more strategic initiatives in order to help bolster the organization.
Investing in top-level security features brings value to individual cloud service providers’ businesses. Businesses that adopt cloud-based UCC services get the opportunity to put someone else’s financial resources to work, which can help reduce security spending. A provider’s commitment to security means it has to invest in more scalable infrastructure and information security than do most organizations. Those investments are significant, and service providers will bear that burden for companies. This can create economies of scale and efficiencies that benefit organizations.
The market for UCaaS is growing rapidly. A recent report on UCaaS projects that the global market will grow $7.62 billion by 2018, at an estimated compound annual growth rate of 24.8%. Much of that expected growth is due to the service providers’ dedication to security improvements and customer confidence. Value-added resellers that sell cloud-based UCC services have a huge market to sell to, which will result in ongoing revenue. If not, now is the time to get into this market — as long as your company has an attitude toward strong security and excellent customer service.
Are you finding that some customers are still afraid to move to cloud-based UCC due to security concerns? Please comment below.
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A dentist treats a young boy in central Athens, Greece, October 27, 2015. Photo: Reuters/Alkis Konstantinidis
Across the globe, news reports have put in the spotlight the vulnerability of dental professionals to infections of coronavirus during the pandemic – foregrounding equal attention to be paid to the profession of dentistry.
Dentists are more prone to infections in an outbreak like this because they are exposed to aerosols and droplets coming out of the patient’s oral cavity. The use of drills during dental treatment carry fine water particles in the air which could carry the coronavirus for up to three hours.
A study reported that a large number of dentists, like other health workers, feared getting infected with the coronavirus by their patients or their staff and hence have been sceptical of providing treatment. The death of seven dental professionals and a senior dental nurse in Italy and the UK respectively from COVID-19 have substantiated these fears.
This scare of coronavirus has also unmasked the crevices in the integration of oral health professionals into the public health system of India. According to National Health Profile 2018, the number of dentists registered with the Dental Council of India (DCI) is over 2.7 lakhs, of which the government employs 7,239 dentists, amounting to a meagre 2.7% dentists working in the public health sector.
The roots of this incongruity of the oral health professionals with the government system in India are embedded in the larger structural discrepancies. Right from the inception of the medical sciences, mouth and body have always been treated as separate entities which have led to building of domains of medicine and dentistry and perceived as discrete professions. This differentiation among these two sub systems is seen across populations by their “separate training programs, professional identities, payment structure and delivery system.”
This has simultaneously translated into underrepresentation of dentists in the “bare bone” Public Health System of the country highlighting the negligence for the profession. For instance, less than 20% of the Primary Health Centres (PHCs) across India have a dentist and at the level of Community Health Centres (CHCs) having a public health dentist seems a distant dream.
However, during this pandemic, dentists have been a source of additional manpower to the famished public health system of the country. A telephonic interview with one of the dentists from Delhi working in tertiary care public hospital, revealed that regular dental OPD has been suspended and the dentists in public sector are offering administrative and logistic support to the general staff for corona related activities, catering to only emergency dental services.
At the same time, it is appalling to note that the additional guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have created an environment of doubt and confusion among dentists working in the public sector. Labelling the dental OPDs as moderate risk, advising the dentists to use N95 masks, latex gloves and goggles and recommending the use of face shield only if body fluid splash is expected during dental treatment, leaves many questions unanswered. This notification comes at a time when there are cases of asymptomatic patients of the coronavirus which makes it increasingly important to note the influence of this pandemic on dentistry.
Certainly, dentistry has an unsavoury reputation of being controlled largely by the private sector. Besides, India is home to 310 dental colleges out of which around only 40 are government-run. With each dental college having the capacity to absorb around 100 students, there will be a surplus of more than 1,00,000 dentists in India by 2020. This commercialisation of dental education has its subsequent influence on the profession of dentistry and the dentists consider private practice to be more fruitful due to their non-absorption in the public sector.
It is imperative to note that increased number of dentists in the private sector and public sector offering fewer vacancies raises the cost of dental treatment. Despite the availability of dentists, the utilisation of oral health services in India is low due to high costs involved in oral health care, widening the oral health gap between various socioeconomic classes.
A news report in Visakhapatnam has highlighted that besides the regular expenses of the dental clinic, dentists in private practice will need to buy PPE and disinfectants to protect patients, staff and themselves from the coronavirus, increasing cost of providing dental care. Moreover, India enjoys a worldwide market share of 14% in dental tourism, which might be affected due to travel restrictions and increased cost of care.
While few dentists are contemplating raising fees by 30% on elective dental procedures, the dentists in Karnataka have demanded that minimum wage support should be given to the dentists and their staff till the situation normalises, including subsidised supply of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and other infection control material. These scattered reports on worries of dentists in private practice point to the fact that the cost of getting a dental treatment in the private sector will see an additional increase after the crisis subsides, as the government sector is not well equipped to provide advanced dental treatment.
In this scenario, it becomes important to acknowledge that health is a state subject and states are already reeling under the financial burden for subsistence. Due to a non-responsive public health system and insubstantial absorption of the dentists in the public sector, a supply-demand imbalance has been created in the profession.
It should be recognised that when India is already reeling under the crunch of human resource in the public health sector, the registered dental graduates in India can prove to be an excellent resource during the spread of a pandemic like that of the coronavirus. All of them should be recruited and trained at an early stage so that they can also be used in crisis situations as has been done by the NHS in the UK.
It is also highly important to mention that oral health is directly related to the general health of the population and can be of extreme significance in preventing various chronic diseases. However, the susceptibility of dentistry to risks associated with the coronavirus needs timely recognition and redressal by the health system of the country, allowing dental care to be provided while mitigating the spread of this virus.
Ramila Bisht is a professor at the Centre for Social Medicine and Community Medicine, JNU in New Delhi. Shaveta Menon is an assistant professor at the Centre for Public Health and Health care administration, Eternal University in Himachal Pradesh.
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Become a Member and get exclusive discounted Prices and Deals.
We have found that FSM helps with pain and inflammation reduction, which is a major part of many different conditions.
What is microcurrent? Microcurrent is current in millionths of an ampere. Micro-amperage current is the same kind of current your body produces on its own so you can’t feel the current. Microcurrent has been shown to increase energy production in cells by 500% and numerous papers document its ability to improve healing in wounds and fractures.
What can the frequencies treat? The frequencies appear to change pain, function and even structure in a large number of clinical conditions. FSM is especially good at reducing inflammation, treating nerve, joint and muscle pain and dissolving or softening scar tissue. The frequencies to reduce inflammation have helped thousands of patients with inflammatory conditions such as asthma, liver problems, irritable bowel, cardiovascular disease and diabetic neuropathies. Patients who are treated within four hours of new injuries such as auto accidents and surgeries have reduced pain and great accelerated healing process due to the effects of both the current and the frequencies.
- Abre en una nueva ventana.
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This week we want to take to our blog to discuss the importance of sustainability and maintaining a “green” move. As Colorado movers, we are based in one of the most beautiful states in our nation and that is why we take great efforts to keep it in the most pristine condition possible- starting with your Colorado move.
We decided we were going to take time out and dedicate this post to explaining why green practices should be incorporated into your lifestyle as well as how to use a more sustainable moving method.
We all have an impact on the earth, no matter how small our actions. You know the decisions we make like what kinds of foods we eat, what we clean our houses with and what kind of light bulbs we use have an impact but did you know that what kinds of moving supplies and the company you choose to help on the big moving day make a difference too?
Exodus works hard to maintain their standards as the “green” Colorado movers. We make small adjustments in our practices to ensure that we are doing our part to protect the environment. These changes include re-using our cardboard boxes for multiple moves as well as utilizing the “forever box.” A forever box is a plastic tote that we pack your non-fragile items in for office or short-distance moves. This cuts down on the use of paper from both trees and the dollars in your pocket as totes are much more economical than cardboard.
But wait, there’s more. We combine moving loads to save on CO2 emissions so there are less trucks out on the road. Our Colorado movers also have converted one of our tractor trailers to run completely off vegetable oil rather than gasoline. Not to mention our back hauls which helps save the environment and the money in your wallet; instead of driving an empty truck back to Colorado, we load your stuff in and take it with us!
We’ve also taken steps to make our warehouses just as energy efficient. We have insulated the space between the loading docks and the trucks to cut down on energy usage by regulating the temperature of the warehouse inside. Also, our Ft. Collins location was created in order to help our Colorado movers walk or bike to work instead of driving- and that they do!
Exodus is making strides to help this planet in every way they can and you should do the same. Remember, the smallest choices you make (like working with green Colorado movers like us) can make an impact on the world we live in! So join us in our quest to keep our earth beautiful.
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Cardiff Evening Express, 30 July 1892
A BABOON AT LARGE AT MALLOW.
During the stay of Sanger’s circus at Mallow on Thursday a large baboon escaped from its cage and caused consternation among the spectators, who ran off in all directions. The animal rushed down a street, and, seizing a dog, killed it. It then bolted into a china shop, where it caught a child by the neck and gave it a severe scratch, causing blood to flow. Again rushing into the street, it injured another child, cutting its cheek severely with its claws.
An excited crowd pursued the baboon armed with pitchforks and staves, but it ran from street to street, spreading consternation everywhere. Some policemen at length managed to shoot the animal. Mr. Sanger has, it is stated, threatened to bring an action against the police for £200, the alleged value of the animal and the persons whose children were injured have threatened proceedings against Mr. Sanger.
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`Skip to content
There are several recognized types of anxiety disorders, which include:
Panic disorder: Feelings of terror strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms include sweating, chest pain, palpitations and a feeling as if he/she is “going crazy.”
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): These are constant thoughts or fears that cause people to perform certain rituals or routines. The chronic thoughts are called obsessions, and the rituals are called compulsions.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): This occurs after a traumatic event, such as an assault, unexpected death of a loved one or a natural disaster. Sufferers have lasting and frightening thoughts and memories of the event and eventually become emotionally numb.
Social anxiety disorder: This involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about social situations. It involves a fear of being judged by others or behaving in an embarrassing way that might lead to ridicule.
Phobias: A phobia is an intense fear of an object or situation, such as snakes, heights or flying. The level of fear usually is disproportionate to the situation and may cause the person to avoid common, everyday situations.
Generalized anxiety disorder: This involves excessive, unrealistic worry and stress, even if there is little or nothing to bring on the anxiety.
Symptoms vary according to the anxiety disorder, but generally, symptoms include:
There are no laboratory tests to diagnose anxiety disorders. If no physical illness is found, the patient may be referred to a mental health professional that is trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. These professionals use specially designed interview and assessment tools to evaluate a person for an anxiety disorder.
The doctor bases diagnosis on the intensity and duration of symptoms, including problems with daily functioning as a result of the symptoms, as well as the doctor’s observation of the patient’s demeanor and behavior. The doctor determines if the patient’s symptoms and degree of dysfunction signify a specific anxiety disorder.
Medication: These can reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorders and include anti-depressants or anxiety-reducing drugs.
Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy addresses the emotional response to mental illness. Trained mental health professionals assist patients by talking through strategies for understanding and dealing with the disorder.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy: People with anxiety disorders participate in this type of psychotherapy whereby the person learns to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to anxious feelings.
Dietary and lifestyle changes
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The Period Part 2 - Dot Dearth: Postponing The Period On Purpose
Last month we discussed the frequent use of periods in the article The Period Part 1--Lots o' dots: How frequent and deliberate use of the humble period can create maximum impact. The article discussed three possible reasons why a writer might opt for shorter sentences:
- Minimize for Maximum Meaning: using short sentences that pack a lot of meaning into a few words, such as an image or particularly poignant word choice.
- Create Drama/Action: using short sentences to speed up the action or heighten the sense of drama and/or suspense.
- Be Direct: using short sentences to create clear, uncluttered descriptions of scenes or events.
This month, we’ll cover the opposite end of the period use spectrum—long sentences. Once again, I have relied heavily on Noah Lukeman’s excellent book, A Dash of Style: The Art and Mastery of Punctuation to help me craft this article.
In the last article we discussed the overall theory of what a sentence should do, which is offer a complete thought. In the case of longer sentences, a single sentence might contain multiple thoughts, which is fine, so long as they are complete. In his book, Lukeman states that some authors “deliberately underuse” the period to create a certain tone. Below are a few examples of stylistic situations that could call for a longer sentence length.
Maybe there is a more technical term for it (film buffs, weigh in here), but I call this technique the camera sweep. You know what I mean: the opening (or closing) scene of a movie in which the view of the camera moves seamlessly from one scene to another without cutting. Often, it will move from a very macro (or wide angle) view to a more micro or finite view. Sometimes it’s the opposite. Sometimes it’s just a series of images that move continuously from one to the next. As familiar as we all are these days with movies and their tropes, it’s hard to imagine that pre-film era when writers first perfected this method without ever having seen a movie.
Dickens, for example, employed this technique in his 1852 novel Bleak House. I have used this example before, but the pacing of Dickens’ sentences provide a great example of how to use long sentences to build a scene slowly, piece by piece.
Fog everywhere. Fog up the river, where it flows among green aits and meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls deified among the tiers of shipping and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city. Fog on the Essex marshes, fog on the Kentish heights. Fog creeping into the cabooses of collier-brigs; fog lying out on the yards and hovering in the rigging of great ships; fog drooping on the gunwales of barges and small boats. Fog in the eyes and throats of ancient Greenwich pensioners, wheezing by the firesides of their wards; fog in the stem and bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his close cabin; fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little 'prentice boy on deck. Chance people on the bridges peeping over the parapets into a nether sky of fog, with fog all round them, as if they were up in a balloon and hanging in the misty clouds.
The longer sentences pull the reader through a continuous set of (often parallel) images that set the overall scene—from broad to minute, from left to right, from up to down. These wide sweeps move from one extreme to the other and slowly build a full picture of the scene, each long sentence including several locations that mirror and complement the others.
Here’s another example of using long sentences to create sweeping scenes. This is from William Faulkner’s short story “That Evening Sun Go Down”:
Monday is no different from any other week day in Jefferson now. The streets are paved now, and the telephone and the electric companies are cutting down more and more of the shade trees - the water oaks, the maples and locusts and elms - to make room for iron poles bearing clusters of bloated and ghostly and bloodless grapes, and we have a city laundry which makes the rounds on Monday morning, gathering the bundles of clothes into bright-colored, specially made motor-cars: the soiled wearing of a whole week now flees apparition-like behind alert and irritable electric horns, with a long diminishing noise of rubber and asphalt like a tearing of silk, and even the Negro women who still take in white peoples' washing after the old custom, fetch and deliver it in automobiles.
This paragraph consists of only of two sentences—a standard length one and a very long sentence slowed only by commas, dashes, and a colon. The punctuation offers few moments for the reader to catch his or her breath as he or she is escorted down the streets of a busy Monday in Jefferson. The long sentence causes the reader to see the entire scene in one long shot as if to indicate that Monday in Jefferson is a single entity, not a series of happenings. In both Faulkner and Dickens' versions, the reader is forced to ingest whole environments as a single draught, allowing the writer to make many points all at once.
Another great way to utilize the long sentence is to display certain qualities in your characters. A neurotic or nervous character might be well-served with longer sentences that illustrate an anxious or obsessed personality. See this example from Jonathan Safran Foer’s book Everything is Illuminated.
Notwithstanding that we had a deranged bitch in the car, who made a proclivity of throwing her body against the windows, the drive was also difficult because the car is so much shit that it would not travel any faster than as fast as I could run, which is sixty kilometers per the hour. Many cars passed us, which made me feel second rate, especially when the cars were heavy with families, and when they were bicycles. Grandfather and I did not utter words pending the drive, which is not abnormal, because we have never uttered multitudinous words. I made efforts no to spleen him, but nonetheless did.
In this case, the character is Alex, a Ukrainian young man who chauffeurs an American on his journey to learn about a woman who saved his grandfather from the Nazis. Alex is keen to impress the American, but his substandard touring equipment--a crappy car, crazy dog, and ill-tempered grandfather--impede his ability to appear "cool" and in control--which is what he wants. Alex's overexertion to use correct English, a concern about his car's poor (and embarrassing) performance, annoyance with the dog (“deranged bitch”), and a desire not to piss off his Grandfather all get mashed together in a series of long sentences that clearly display the anxieties of the character. The lack of pauses (or periods) forces the reader to experience this anxiety alongside the character.
Stream of Consciousness
Writers employ the stream of consciousness technique to represent a character’s thought process. Stream of consciousness, like interior monologue, is reflexive, but unlike most monologues, it’s unstructured. Stream of consciousness writing attempts to recreate on the page a character’s continuous and unedited flow of ideas, perceptions, memories, and feelings as they occur. Accordingly, the sentence structure for this kind of writing is also continuous and without restraint—thus the opportunity to avoid using periods to break up the thoughts into more digestible pieces.
In this example from Dave Eggers’ A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, the speaker relates an event in which he met with a woman (an author of a popular book about sex) about when he was trying to write a slanderous article.
Fine. So you say, sure sure, let’s do an interview, chuckling to yourself—you can’t wait to hang up the phone and tell everyone, wanting only to tear her apart. Then while you’re in New York, you have dinner with her. Dinner goes well and you have drinks. During dinner and drinks—like, three or four hours of talking—she’s a little pushy and self-promoting, but also extremely generous—you had not bargained for that—and wants to hear all about me—that part shocked you—about our parents, and says so many nice things, and during all this, while she’s being kind and listening and everything, all the while your balancing your two prevailing interests: recording her words to later use against her—because, she, too, had the temerity to be relatively famous and attractive (with a master’s from Penn)—while also, more pressingly, trying to get invited back to her apartment.
The speaker starts out determined to carry out his plan of “tear[ing] her apart” only to be derailed by the fact that the woman is actually kind, attractive, and not as worthy of snark as he’d originally thought. The speaker uses the long sentence in the middle to carry the reader from his initial viewpoint of the woman being “a little pushy and self-promoting” to “being kind and listening” to "trying to get invited back to her apartment." As Lukeman writes in his book, ‘stream of consciousness is chaotic; it unravels uncensored.” Here, the speaker “unravels” his thought process to the reader, dragging the reader from thought to thought, impression to impression, not letting the reader rest while he digresses about the woman being "relatively famous and attractive (with a master’s from Penn)" until he finally lands on the his ultimate point: that he is attracted to her. The reader must endure the speaker's entire "chaotic" procession from one motivation (scorn) to another (sex).
Or all three...
I have one more example of period-less writing that encapsulates all three scenarios we just covered. The short story “Girl” by Jamaica Kincaid is a wonderful example of how to use long sentences to create a specific tone, character, and scene. The entire story is a single sentence, interrupted by semi-colons and the occasional question mark. It encapsulates the entire experience of the “Girl” in one, long multi-faceted, multi-voiced sentence. Read for yourself:
Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry; don’t walk barehead in the hot sun; cook pumpkin fritters in very hot sweet oil; soak your little cloths right after you take them off; when buying cotton to make yourself a nice blouse, be sure that it doesn’t have gum on it, because that way it won’t hold up well after a wash; soak salt fish overnight before you cook it; is it true that you sing benna in Sunday school?; always eat your food in such a way that it won’t turn someone else’s stomach; on Sundays try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming; don’t sing benna in Sunday school; you mustn’t speak to wharf-rat boys, not even to give directions; don’t eat fruits on the street – flies will follow you; but I don’t sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school; this is how to sew on a button; this is how to make a button-hole for the button you have just sewed on; this is how to hem a dress when you see the hem coming down and so to prevent yourself from looking like the slut I know you are so bent on becoming; this is how you iron your father’s khaki shirt so that it doesn’t have a crease; this is how you iron your father’s khaki pants so that they don’t have a crease; this is how you grow okra – far from the house, because okra tree harbors red ants; when you are growing dasheen, make sure it gets plenty of water or else it makes your throat itch when you are eating it; this is how you sweep a corner; this is how you sweep a whole house; this is how you sweep a yard; this is how you smile to someone you don’t like too much; this is how you smile to someone you don’t like at all; this is how you smile to someone you like completely; this is how you set a table for tea; this is how you set a table for dinner; this is how you set a table for dinner with an important guest; this is how you set a table for lunch; this is how you set a table for breakfast; this is how to behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well, and this way they won’t recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming; be sure to wash every day, even if it is with your own spit; don’t squat down to play marbles – you are not a boy, you know; don’t pick people’s flowers – you might catch something; don’t throw stones at blackbirds, because it might not be a blackbird at all; this is how to make a bread pudding; this is how to make doukona; this is how to make pepper pot; this is how to make a good medicine for a cold; this is how to make a good medicine to throw away a child before it even becomes a child; this is how to catch a fish; this is how to throw back a fish you don’t like, and that way something bad won’t fall on you; this is how to bully a man; this is how a man bullies you; this is how to love a man; and if this doesn’t work there are other ways, and if they don’t work don’t feel too bad about giving up; this is how to spit up in the air if you feel like it, and this is how to move quick so that it doesn’t fall on you; this is how to make ends meet; always squeeze bread to make sure it’s fresh; but what if the baker won’t let me feel the bread?; you mean to say that after all you are really going to be the kind of woman who the baker won’t let near the bread?
While the main speaker in the story is the mother, the protagonist (indicated in the title) is really the girl, who only speaks twice (see the italicized portions). The use of the excessively long sentence clues the reader in to the fact that while the mother is the primary voice, it is through the perception of the girl that we experience the mother's onslaught of advice. The effect is overwhelming, and the reader can feel the girl's anxiety as she receives this long-winded diatribe of insulting insinuations mixed with practical knowledge. Ms. Kincaid's use of the long sentence creates a stream of consciousness effect, as if the girl were remembering all these mandates at once. The story also accomplishes a camera sweep of the girls environment as the advice from the speaker includes information from a wide variety of settings, peoples, and scenarios that make up the girl's life.The lack of stop signs (periods) accomplishes all three of these effects perfectly; it's an utter inundation of the senses.
Take a cue from Ms. Kincaid and write a short piece that consists of one whole sentence. As with Kincaid’s story, the length of the sentence should fit with the context of your plot and characters. Try to incorporate the three possible reasons to use such a long sentence: 1) camera sweep 2) characterization (anxious, neurotic), and 3) stream of consciousness.
As always, please post your results below, or email them to me at email@example.com.
To leave a comment
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Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) was the term given to the temporary advance airfields constructed by the Allies during World War II in support of the invasion of Europe. They were built in the UK prior to the invasion and thereafter in North West Europe from 6 June 1944 to V-E Day, 7 May 1945.
Unlike the permanent airfields built in the United Kingdom and designed for the strategic bombardment of Germany, the tactical combat airfields on the continent were temporary, often improvised airfields to be used by the tactical air forces to support the advancing ground armies engaged on the battlefield. Once the front line moved out of range for the aircraft, the groups and squadrons moved up to newly built ALGs closer to the ground forces and left the ones in the rear for other support uses, or simply abandoned them.
Famous quotes containing the words advanced, landing and/or ground:
“A free-enterprise economy depends only on markets, and according to the most advanced mathematical macroeconomic theory, markets depend only on moods: specifically, the mood of the men in the pinstripes, also known as the Boys on the Street. When the Boys are in a good mood, the market thrives; when they get scared or sullen, it is time for each one of us to look into the retail apple business.”
—Barbara Ehrenreich (b. 1941)
“I foresee the time when the painter will paint that scene, no longer going to Rome for a subject; the poet will sing it; the historian record it; and, with the Landing of the Pilgrims and the Declaration of Independence, it will be the ornament of some future national gallery, when at least the present form of slavery shall be no more here. We shall then be at liberty to weep for Captain Brown. Then, and not till then, we will take our revenge.”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)
“Memory is not an instrument for exploring the past but its theatre. It is the medium of past experience, as the ground is the medium in which dead cities lie interred.”
—Walter Benjamin (18921940)
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When Murdo and Rachel Macdonald met, sparks flew amid talk of surgical procedures and the common incubation period of the leprosy bacterium.
To be fair, there’s not much else to talk about in a remote leper hospital in northern India when you have both committed your working lives to helping stigmatised victims of the disease.
Within three years of that first meeting, Rachel and Murdo were married. They were running medical and research teams at Anandaban Hospital in Nepal – and it was there that they began to raise their kids.
To some relatives and locals, planning to start a family in a leprosy compound sounded mad. But for this loving, kind-hearted couple, it seemed the most natural thing in the world.
That’s because Murdo, a molecular biologist from Stornoway, and Rachel, a doctor originally from Leicestershire, were determined to banish the old myths and taboos about leprosy.
They made a great point of caring hands-on for people who had been shunned by their communities and families.
Leprosy is a bacterial infection that causes disfiguring skin patches and nerve damage, which can lead to loss of feeling in the hands and feet.
They can become frozen in claw shapes or be prone to injury and infection, which can lead to amputation. Sufferers have been stigmatised for thousands of years.
Despite its scary reputation, leprosy is incredibly treatable. A course of antibiotics can clear it up entirely but sufferers are scared to come forward in case they are shunned, so they hide their symptoms rather than going for early treatment that could cure them.
One Nepalese patient kept his socks on throughout his marriage rather than show his wife he had lost toes. Another came to work at the hospital after being thrown out of her home. She’s cured but hasn’t seen her son in 30 years.
Rachel, who worked with Murdo for the Christian charity Leprosy Mission, said: “In some parts it was very often seen as a curse from the gods. If someone had leprosy, they would be kicked out of the family and shunned.
“There were instances of families bringing relatives to the hospital and just leaving them. If they are children, we will have no idea how to get them back to their families.
“There were around 50 people, including many children, in the compound, and there is a leprosy colony in Kathmandu.
“But that’s something Leprosy Mission and other organisations are trying to move away from. There’s no reason they should all live together.
“Ongoing education is part of the work but overcoming any kind of stigma is difficult and it has been embedded in a community for a thousand years.
“Often patients will have been to the village witch doctor and had a chicken sacrificed over them, and eventually someone has told them to come to the hospital.
“People were easily treated. We follow them up for a few months to make sure they have not got nerve damage but it’s a great moment seeing people get healed.
“Often it was the fact they were being treated like a human being, just being touched and shown some care and compassion. They all enjoyed staying in the hospital wards – there’s a great atmosphere.”
Having met during a fortnight’s stay in Miraj, India, Rachel and Murdo hit it off and stayed in touch. But both were travelling all over the world and they didn’t properly start dating until they arrived in Nepal. They were married in 2001.
Murdo led a research lab at the hospital an hour from Kathmandu and developed a new diagnostic test for the disease. Rachel was a leprosy specialist and all-round general medical officer.
They lived on site, among the patients and staff.
The couple’s first child Priya, now 15, was born in 2003. James, 11, arrived four years later. Both kids became part of the hospital family, mingling and playing with patients young and old.
It was only in 2008, when Priya was due to start school, that the family returned to the UK, moving to East Lothian. Their third child, Keziah, eight, was born in Scotland. Murdo, 55, now works in science ethics for the Church of Scotland and Rachel, 46, for NHS Lothian, caring for the elderly.
They look back on their eight years in Nepal with incredible fondness and have stayed in touch with everyone.
The whole family visited the hospital on holiday last year, and Priya’s youth there has given her a love of medicine. She hopes to spend a gap year working in Anandaban, and during the holiday she scrubbed up to observe surgeries.
Rachel said: “We had patients come up and say we had treated them. There was a woman who works there now who’d had a baby.
“That was just lovely, and the kids loved playing with the compound children and the patients in the ward.
“It’s a great privilege to be able to do that and is amazing to see.”
Murdo and Rachel support the Heal Nepal fundraising drive for Leprosy Mission, backed by the UK Government’s Department for International Development. DFID will match every penny raised for the cause until April 27.
International Development Secretary Penny Mordaunt said: “Murdo and Rachel’s heartwarming story highlights one of a number of UK aid projects tackling diseases around the world.”
Murdo said: “I guess because we don’t see it in Scotland, most people think leprosy is a disease of the past.
“But it still causes a lot of devastation. There is a visceral reaction to seeing somebody who has leprosy that you don’t get with someone with TB, for example.
“One person every two minutes is diagnosed with leprosy. That needs to change.”
For more info on Heal Nepal, or to donate, visit healnepal.org.uk.
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Описание: Shows you how to analyze, design, and write serious object-oriented software. This work helps you learn how to: use OO principles like encapsulation and delegation to build applications that are flexible; apply the Open-Closed Principle (OCP) and the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) to promote reuse of your code; among others.
Описание: Reliable Object-Oriented Software presents the underlying principles associated with object-orientation and its practical application. More than just another text on methodology, this 1998 book focuses on the fundamental concepts related to the process of software development and architectural design in order to lay the basis necessary for the development of robust, maintainable, and evolvable software. The authors present both formal concepts and practical applications. It includes proven problem-solving techniques designed to develop readers' engineering judgement and to focus their attention on the principles of good software design and its successful application. In addition, an extensive bibliography has been compiled to guide the reader in further studies and to crystallize what is commonly accepted in the field and what is still controversial.
Описание: Covering the breadth of a large topic, this book provides a thorough grounding in object-oriented concepts, the software development process, UML and multi-tier technologies. After covering some basic ground work underpinning OO software projects, the book follows the steps of a typical development project (Requirements Capture - Design - Specification & Test), showing how an abstract problem is taken through to a concrete solution. The book is programming language agnostic - so code is kept to a minimum to avoid detail and deviation into implementation minutiae. A single case study running through the text provides a realistic example showing development from an initial proposal through to a finished system. Key artifacts such as the requirements document and detailed designs are included. For each aspect of the case study, there is an exercise for the reader to produce similar documents for a different system.
Автор: Kenneth Barclay Название: Object-Oriented Design with UML and Java, ISBN: 0750660988 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780750660983 Издательство: Elsevier Science Рейтинг: Цена: 5076 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Shows how considering the modeling and programming languages together from the start can be beneficial. This book integrates design and implementation, using Java and UML. It includes case studies, exercises and a free software tool for hands on learning.
Автор: Skrien Dale Название: Object-oriented Design Using Java ISBN: 0072974168 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780072974164 Издательство: McGraw-Hill Рейтинг: Цена: 16361 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Intended for the object-oriented programming design course where UML is used extensively for design and notation, this work has been especially designed to be accessible to students and is full of real-world examples, case studies, and other aids to assist student understanding.
Описание: Drawing from his extensive experience as a programmer and teacher, author Cay Horstmann helps readers gain an appreciation for the value of object-oriented design principles. He provides the context so that readers can apply these principles and techniques in their own designs. Throughout the book, carefully developed exercises and examples, and a strong emphasis on problem solving make object-oriented design principles accessible to anyone with limited programming experience.
Автор: Priestley, Mark Название: Practical object-oriented design with uml ISBN: 0077103939 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780077103934 Издательство: McGraw-Hill Рейтинг: Цена: 8249 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Provides an introduction to the design of object-oriented programs using UML. This book focuses on the application of UML in the development of software, and offers a tutorial to the UML notation and its application. The book is useful for undergraduates taking modules as part of a Computer Science or Software Engineering degree programme.
Описание: This text provides a comprehensive understanding of object-oriented concepts by developing a theory that accounts for both the Simula and CLOS languages. It shows that it is possible to smoothly integrate both languages into a unique language.
Описание: Structured methodologies are a popular and powerful tool in information systems development. Many different ones exist, each employing a number of models and so a specification must be converted from one form to another during the development process. To solve this problem, Dr Tse proposes in this 1991 book a unifying framework behind popular structured models. He approaches the problem from the viewpoints of algebra and category theory. He not only develops the frameworks but also illustrates their practical and theoretical usefulness. Thus this book will provide insight for software engineers into how methodologies can be formalised and will open up a range of applications and problems for theoretical computer scientists.
Описание: Integrating case studies to show the object oriented approach to software engineering, Object-Oriented and Classical Software Engineering, 8/e presents an excellent introduction to software engineering fundamentals, covering both traditional and object-oriented techniques.
Автор: Jureta Название: Analysis and Design of Advice ISBN: 3642180582 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642180583 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 10971 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This innovative book offers a rigorous approach to the analysis and design of advice in real-world decision situations, in which the advisor must manage with variously imprecise, unclear, incomplete or conflicting qualitative information.
Описание: Integrating case studies to show the object oriented approach to software engineering, this title presents an introduction to software engineering fundamentals, covering both traditional and object-oriented techniques, as well as underlying software engineering theory. It also presents the practical life cycle, and includes revision to problems.
ООО "Логосфера " Тел:+7(495) 980-12-10 www.logobook.ru
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Silence, Additional Subthemes
Four posts have drawn from that many pieces of art a variety of subthemes regarding silence. The posts included “Ask Not for Whom the Bell Tolls,” a poem by John Donne, “Jane Avril Leaving the Moulin Rouge,” a painting by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, “The Sounds of Silence,” a song by Simon & Garfunkel, and “North by Northwest,” a movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock starring Cary Grant and Eva Marie Sainte. A few other subthemes of silence that don’t relate directly to any of the four art pieces deserve mention.
Enables Communication: All languages use silence to separate words. Music uses silence to demarcate individual notes. Silence between notes sets the tempo of what we hear. And, too, when a musical piece ends, silence punctuates it – just before the applause fills it. Morse code relies on pauses between the stream of dots and dashes as do smoke signals with the timed release of smoke. Paradoxically, without silence we could not communicate nearly as significantly.
Out in Nature: When the sounds of civilization fade or disappear, when the cacophony of motors, honks, airplanes and leaf blowers is left behind, people relish the peace and quiet. The particular silence of nature encourages calm and solitude. Not that birds stop chirping, leaves stop rustling, waves stop breaking or cicadas stop humming, but the intrusive din of urban electricity, traffic, sirens, shouts, and combustion ceases – nature lovers revere the quiet.
The only other sound’s the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The restful silence of the outdoors contrasts with the incessant, noisy bustle of city life.
Absolute in Outer Space: Because sound waves propagate by the vibrations of atoms, when almost no atoms exist – as holds true in outer space – no sound waves can stimulate human ears. In the interstellar voids, even super-novae blast stars apart in blanketed stillness.
Deep Thought: The intense visualization, concentration, rapid combinations of concepts and thoughts that accompany thinking through a problem may not allow their expression in words. When people plunge into deep thought, observers can tell from their silence. Silence enables the rapidity, creativity, and profundity of deep thought. Words come too slowly for the rapid mental mixing and ranking of thinking. Some people find out what they are thinking by talking, but most people can’t multitask: they need “sessions of sweet silent thought” to wrestle in their mind and sort out their thoughts.
Expressions: Below we wax eloquent on figurative sayings that relate to Silence. For a master list of online sources that have contributed idioms to the various Themes, see Work Additional Subthemes( ). For this collection of 35, aside from identifying candidate expressions myself, I drew heavily on The Free Dictionary, Phrases, and Power Thesaurus.
bite your lip (Not say anything, especially when provoked)
bite your tongue (Not say anything, especially when provoked)
blue wall of silence (Strict secretiveness by police)
break the silence (Say something after a long, difficult pause)
button it (Stay quiet)
button your lip (Be quite, to keep silence)
can it (Tell someone to quit talking about something)
cat got your tongue (Can’t manage to say anything, usually when an explanation is in order)
Chinese Wall (An arrangement within a financial organization not to breach confidentiality requirements)
clam up (Go silent)
code/conspiracy of silence (Strict secretiveness by members of a group)
dead air (In broadcasting, when no sound is going on)
deafening silence (A silence that signifies disapproval or lack of any enthusiasm)
drowning out silence (music or tv on to cover up silence with background noise)
eloquent silence (When much can be implied from a person saying nothing)
hear a pin drop (Soundless, muted, without any noise, complete silence)
heavy silence/atmosphere (Ominous sense when nothing is being said)
hold your tongue (Don’t speak, even though you want to)
hush money (Money given to buy silence)
keep mum (Stay quiet)
keep the lid on (Keep quiet about something)
keep under wraps (Keep quiet about something)
mum’s the word (Oxymoronic phrase about keeping silent)
nut up (Suffer in silence, without complaint or protest)
pipe down (become more silent) pregnant pause/silence (Suspenseful period where a major statement is expected)
put a cork in it (Shut up)
put a sock in it (Shut up)
reduce to silence (Overpower or scare someone into complete quiet)
silence gives consent (If you don’t say “no”, it implies that you agree)
silence breaker (A whistleblower or person who speaks about a taboo subject)
silence is golden (the best choice may be to say nothing)
suffer in silence (to suffer without telling anyone) the silent treatment” (ignored or not spoken to by someone who is angry at you) tight lips (Of a person, silence or reticence)
tongue tied (unable to express oneself)
voices off (be quiet; silence!)
wall of silence (Strict secretiveness by members of a group)
zip your lip (Don’t say anything!)
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Fueled with hydrogen instead of diesel, electrically powered Class 8 trucks could offer a much cleaner way to move freight.
But first, America's national labs must light a development path toward more efficient and durable "heavy-duty" fuel cells. Many experts believe using these to energize massive electric motors could easily and affordably move tons of cargo, almost like road-going locomotives. And recently, a $100 million funding bet was laid to put this commercialization effort on the rails.
Half the money will go toward a fuel cell research initiative called the Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck. This is a new U.S. Department of Energy-funded consortium of five main national labs and three affiliate labs working on "pre-competitive" ways to solve the cell durability and efficiency challenges for heavy-duty uses. This consortium coordinates the lab work, provides expert oversight and stirs that together with individual activity from private industry developers and advanced academic projects.
A fuel cell uses a supply of hydrogen gas and oxygen to make electricity, water and heat. Fuel cell efficiency — the percentage of the potential energy that gets converted to useful work — is generally 40 to 60 percent. But projected breakthroughs could drive that to 72 percent. Further lab work is also required to stretch cell durability.
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The aim is either destabilization of Sri Lanka: Background of world shook [Continuous suicide bombings] Gruesome terrorist bombing in Sri Lanka has occurred. Together dead wounded more than 00 people at the moment of information. However, actual situation and the background of the organization that performed the terrorist's remains still unknown. In any case, if Yurage Sri Lanka in the geopolitically important position in South Asia, could have an impact on the global strategy of the United States and China. This terrorism is, to end the long-lasting civil war, it is no doubt raise a sufficient effect to cloud the future of Sri Lanka that you are leaps in reconstruction. There are many mysteries in the motive surface Terrorism is in fact, it was carried out multiple simultaneous. Was a victim in the first was a Christian church. During the month and day on Sunday morning before, a little away Negombo from the capital Colombo and the Colombo and, there was an explosion in the One Church of Batticaloa on the opposite side of the island.
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SPIRE was recently notified of a “spoofed” or “pharming” website that looks very similar to SPIRE’s real website, myspire.com. Fake websites are created by fraudsters to try to get you to enter sensitive information such as your username and password, account number, and social security number. Often times they do a very good job of making the website look legitimate.
If you entered your SPIRE login information into any website other than myspire.com or if you think you may be a victim of a fraud or phishing attack, please contact SPIRE right away.
When it comes to safety online, here are a few tips to keep in mind:
Verify website URLs. Hover over a link with your cursor or hold your finger on a link to preview the URL before you visit a site. Make sure the URL is legitimate and isn't misspelled or uses a lot of special characters or numbers.
Never share account information. This includes your Internet banking login, account numbers, social security number, and PINs. Do not provide personal information over the phone unless you initiate contact and verify that it is a trusted source.
Regularly review account statements. Report any suspicious activity immediately.
Set up eAlerts. Get real-time text or email alerts when transactions occur on your account or Visa® Debit and Credit cards.
Freeze Your Credit. A credit freeze limits access to your credit report so no one, including you, can open new accounts until the freeze is lifted. A credit freeze is free and can be temporarily lifted when you need it.
SPIRE Fraud Prevention Tools
SPIRE offers these and many other free security tools.
Setup real-time alerts for your SPIRE accounts and Visa Debit or Credit card to avoid fraud and easily manage your finances. Setup alerts
Falcon Fraud Protection
SPIRE provides free Falcon fraud monitoring for your accounts. If there is suspicious activity on your account, you will be notified.
For more information and a list of common scams, visit myspire.com/fraud
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It’s been a dramatic start to 2021 for Britain’s electricity system, with record high prices recorded in both the nation's day ahead market and its Balancing Mechanism.
As low winds and cold temperatures began to tighten capacity on the grid, National Grid ESO – Britain's system operator – issued a number of Electricity Margin Notices (EMN). There have been six this winter already, a number not seen since 2008.
Following each of the most recent EMNs there has been a dramatic reaction in the day-ahead markets, with prices in the N2EX market hitting £1,500/MWh (US$2,051/MWh) on 13 January after the most recent notice was issued.
The imbalance market has seen similar reactions, hitting £4,000/MWh between 19:30 and 20:30 on 8 January. This is the highest unit price seen since 2001, in the infancy of the New Electricity Trading Arrangements.
Feeling the chill – falling temperatures and tight margins
The key reasons for the record highs are similar to those seen most winters, with energy usage growing as the temperature falls, creating higher levels of demand. In general, demand is around 30% higher in the winter than in the summer in Britain.
Colder weather also often means lower wind generation, whilst winter's lower irradiation also means lower solar generation. As such, renewables cannot be counted on to the same extent as at other times of the year to provide generation.
National Grid ESO has to turn to fossil fuel generation often to make up the difference, typically contracting coal and CCGT units. However, this year there is less capacity available here as well, in particular with only four remaining coal fired stations as the aging fleet is being retired ahead of the 2025 ban.
Last year saw the closure of SSE’s Fiddlers Ferry, and RWE’s Aberthaw B closed in 2019. This limits the potential baseload contribution for coal, tightening margins during periods of low wind generation such as we have seen early in 2021.
Whilst gas makes up a significant portion of the electricity mix still – accounting for 30.9% of the electricity mix in 2020 according to National Grid ESO – Caton Energy going into administration in 2020 has impacted availability, with Severn Power Station, Baglan Bay Power Station and Sutton Bridge CCGT power station’s all closing as a result.
Additional planned maintenance being undertaken at power stations has further impacted availability, along with unplanned outages at a number of sites.
Interconnector outages – a lack of lifelines
The importance of interconnectors and the reliance Britain's power system places on them has come into greater focus. The BritNed interconnector with the Netherlands has been down since September now, and remains out.
“There is still no news on the Dutch IC that is offline until 1 February but there is a likelihood for that to be extended given the lack of information and nature of the outage and REMITs,” added Adam Lewis, partner at Hartree Solutions.
Collectively these factors have added up to tighter margins on Britain’s grid, leaving National Grid ESO without a full safety buffer of supply, driving up demand and causing prices to jump. This has been further impacted to a certain extent by Brexit.
The UK officially left the European Union on 31 December 2020 and as a result, the British electricity market is no longer part of EUphemia – the EU + Pan-European Hybrid Electricity Market Integration Algorithm. Decoupling from EUphemia does not in and of itself create higher prices, but it does lead to a level of complexity in trading that has contributed to high prices in the first few weeks of 2021.
“The Day Ahead auctions continue to have large divergences with the N2EX auction clearing at £1,499.62 for 5pm today [13 January], £500 higher than the EPEX auction – the largest spread since Brexit led the UK to decouple from Europe,” highlighted Hartree’s Lewis.
A combination of these factors has created something of a perfect storm for high prices in the UK.
Could battery storage have made a difference?
One comment highlighted by industry watchers, is the lack of available storage in the UK capable of reacting to periods like this. Aaron Lally, managing partner at UK-based cleantech trading house VEST Energy for example said there continues to be an underinvestment in the battery storage sector, leading to more power market volatility.
“This market tightness has been masked since late 2016 due to warmer than seasonal weather and high renewable generation across Europe. During 2020, we have seen seasonal/cooler weather lead supply shortages and price spikes during March, September and Q4. We will see further events during January given the current weather pattern with the potential return of the 'Beast from the East’.”
“During most tight days, the price spikes are concentrated across 2-3 hours. With battery storage at 2 hour duration and increasing, it makes these assets perfect for supplying power to meet these price spikes.”
Volatility will remain common without additional investment he added, both through this winter and beyond. The UK currently has over 1GW of storage, and an ever growing pipeline of projects with a total of 14GW of planned battery projects across 700+ sites in the UK.
Since changes to planning legislation in 2020, storage projects are no longer limited to 50MW in England and 350MW in Wales as well, opening up the market for much more sizeable projects to help tackle these volatile price periods. Already, we’ve seen the country’s largest project to date – InterGen’s 640MWh Essex site –approved by the government.
Ultimately, high prices are wholly negative, as they can be an incentive for further project development as EnAppSys’s director Phil Hewitt pointed out.
“A power station that’s marginal is going to make reasonable money in periods of high prices, which might mean it will decide to stick around for another year or maybe somebody who’s developing battery projects or developing gas peakers or maybe even CCGTs is going to look at these high prices and say, ‘well, there we go, I can make money in this market'. So they're going to be more encouraged to build.”
Cover image: National Grid ESO has issued six EMN's this winter, the most seen since 2008. Image: National Grid.
Our publisher Solar Media is once again hosting the annual Energy Storage Summit for 2021, taking place in an exciting new format on 23-24 February and 2-3 March 2021. See the website for more details.
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North Korea nuclear site: Monitor detects activity in satellite images
Satellite images of North Korea’s main nuclear site show railcar activity that could be associated with the reprocessing of radioactive material into bomb fuel, the Center for Strategic and International Studies said Tuesday.
"In the past these specialized railcars appear to have been associated with the movement of radioactive material or reprocessing campaigns. The current activity, along with their configurations, does not rule out their possible involvement in such activity, either before or after a reprocessing campaign."
Why it matters: The activity signs at Yongbyon nuclear site on April 12 come at a delicate time in negotiations between the U.S. and North Korea. President Trump's February summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un ended abruptly over a disagreement about the nuclear facility and sanctions.
Between the lines: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo hasn't ruled out a third summit taking place between Trump and Kim. Pompeo said Monday there are "lots of conversations taking place" and Trump is "determined to move forward diplomatically." He said Kim had repeatedly pledged a commitment to denuclearize.
"We collectively need to see that outcome move forward. And we’re working – our teams are working with the North Koreans to plot a – to chart a path forward so that we can get there. He said he wanted it done by the end of the year. I’d love to see that done sooner."
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Fire Shutters are an essential part of fire safety in many buildings, but getting approvals for these structures during construction can be a challenge. From varying requirements across different jurisdictions and entities to periodic code changes, many construction professionals have trouble getting their approvals in an efficient manner.
We sat down with our in-house team of code compliance experts to learn how they overcome some of the challenges project teams face when it comes to getting approval for Fire Shutters.
What are Fire Shutters?
|Pictured above: A Won-Door being used to provide fire separation|
A Fire Shutter is a construction assembly that's used to compartmentalize smoke and flames in the event of a fire, typically used instead of other fire-rated construction materials, like one- or two-hour rated walls. Fire Shutters are usually used for openings in partitions. They remain open and passable most of the time and are only deployed once the fire alarm system has been activated.
Fire Shutters are used by construction professionals to create open spaces in their floor plans while also meeting the applicable Building Codes related to fire separation and fire-rated construction to help contain and control fire spread in the event of a fire.
When are Fire Shutters used?
The application of Fire Shutters is most common in areas that require openness to accomplish their intended function, including:
- Convenience Stairs
- Openings between buildings
- Separation of uses (i.e. Assembly and Business)
- Elevator Lobbies
- Exit Passageways
- Horizontal Exits
- Kitchen/Dining Separation
What does the code say about Fire Shutters?
Back when the 1968 Building Code was written, Fire Shutters were not commonly used. Therefore, Fire Shutters follow the requirements for "Opening Protectives" which is defined in the 1968 code as "An assembly of materials and accessories, including frames and hardware, installed in a wall, partition, floor, ceiling or roof opening to prevent, resist or retard the passage of fire, flame, excessive heat or hot gases."
Fire Shutter assemblies are permitted for use in the 2014 NYC Building Codes more explicitly. Any shutter products must conform with applicable NFPA and UL testing requirements.
One of the most common challenges builders face when navigating code related to Fire Shutters is that different regulatory entities and even different jurisdictions have varying (sometimes conflicting) requirements regarding Fire Shutters.
For example, many builders are proposing new Fire Shutters made from stainless steel mesh for convenience and functionality. However, these Fire Shutters usually have difficulty passing the hose stream test, and that causes serious concerns for both the FDNY and OTCR.
Additionally, there is a degree of inconsistency between different entities and jurisdictions that can cause further problems and confusion for builders. From borough-level interpretations across to the FDNY and OTCR, builders often have to navigate more than one regulatory agency in order to get approvals.
Speaking the correct code language
In many cases, using the appropriate, specific terminology can assist in the Fire Shutter approval process. One of our experts shared a case in which builders were trying to increase the density of a majority of their floors by adding horizontal exits. The builders wanted to keep the space as open as possible to maintain an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
To achieve the approval with the fewest obstacles, our team at Milrose crafted language for the request that specifically included reference to automatic fire door assemblies, language that is used explicitly in the most recent code.
As part of this request, our team also itemized all the requirements for horizontal exiting and provided details on how the automatic fire doors in question met each requirement. This project was particularly challenging because it included a mix of assembly doors that had egress and ones that did not, but our specification details provided in-depth details on each. Ultimately, the request was approved, and this approach was applied to other projects with similar success.
Leverage Milrose's Code Expertise
Proposing Fire Shutters that are code compliant can be challenging; a single mistake could cause serious (and costly) project delays. One of the salient lessons that emerged from our recent conversation is carefully constructing the language in Fire Shutter requests is an important step to obtaining approvals.
That's where Milrose Consultants comes in. Our team of code consultants has more than three decades of experience helping companies navigate their construction projects through the complex regulatory approval process.
Contact us today to learn how we can help your team save costs and avoid delays on your next project.
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Pregnancy, Childrearing, and Slavery in Jamaica
Early American Studies
Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc.
328 pages, 152.00 x 229.00 mm, 10 illus.
- ISBN: 9780812224603
- Published: July 2019
It is often thought that slaveholders only began to show an interest in female slaves' reproductive health after the British government banned the importation of Africans into its West Indian colonies in 1807. However, as Sasha Turner shows in this illuminating study, for almost thirty years before the slave trade ended, Jamaican slaveholders and doctors adjusted slave women's labor, discipline, and health care to increase birth rates and ensure that infants lived to become adult workers. Although slaves' interests in healthy pregnancies and babies aligned with those of their masters, enslaved mothers, healers, family, and community members distrusted their owners' medicine and benevolence. Turner contends that the social bonds and cultural practices created around reproductive health care and childbirth challenged the economic purposes slaveholders gave to birthing and raising children.
Through powerful stories that place the reader on the ground in plantation-era Jamaica, Contested Bodies reveals enslaved women's contrasting ideas about maternity and raising children, which put them at odds not only with their owners but sometimes with abolitionists and enslaved men. Turner argues that, as the source of new labor, these women created rituals, customs, and relationships around pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing that enabled them at times to dictate the nature and pace of their work as well as their value. Drawing on a wide range of sources—including plantation records, abolitionist treatises, legislative documents, slave narratives, runaway advertisements, proslavery literature, and planter correspondence—Contested Bodies yields a fresh account of how the end of the slave trade changed the bodily experiences of those still enslaved in Jamaica.
Introduction. Transforming Bodies
Chapter 1. Conceiving Moral and Industrious Subjects: Women, Children, and Abolition
Chapter 2. "The Best Ones Who Are Fit to Breed": The Quest for Biological Reproduction
Chapter 3. When Workers Become Mothers, Who Works? Motherhood, Labor, and Punishment
Chapter 4. "Buckra Doctor No Do You No Good": Struggles over Maternal Health Care
Chapter 5. "Dead Before the Ninth Day": Struggles over Neonatal Care
Chapter 6. Mothers Know Best? Maternal Authority and Children's Survival
Chapter 7. Raising Hardworking Adults: Labor, Punishment, and Slave Childhood
Conclusion. Transforming Slavery
Contested Bodies will be useful in graduate and undergraduate courses on slavery, women's history, diaspora studies, and the history of medicine. It is a must-read for those who want to know more about the intersection of gender and slavery. ~Journal of American History
Turner's sensitive and skillful reading of planter- and physician-authored accounts allows her to uncover fascinating details about the intimate domestic rituals and practices of enslaved women. She highlights the security and sense of community that their childbirth practices offered, with their comforting echoes of African and African-derived practices, and their social and educational roles. ~American Historical Review
Contested Bodies makes a vital contribution to studies on enslaved women as well as to the historiography on slavery and emancipation. Turner succeeds in centralizing the experiences of enslaved women and children, at the same time as she politicizes the meaning and significance of their responses to slavery reforms. Just as convincingly, she reveals that reproduction and the treatment and care of enslaved women and children were pivotal to the politics of slavery and abolition in Britain and Jamaica. ~Gender and History
"Contested Bodies is a compelling, clearly written, and important book. Turner succeeds in showing how conflicts over reproduction and women's bodies were at the heart of some of the most important power struggles during the era of abolition-for the British Empire, for slaveowners, and for slaves themselves.'' ~Slavery and Abolition
Turner has given us a well-researched and interesting study which enriches our understanding of the history of enslaved people in the Caribbean, and reminds us that reproduction was at the heart of the abolitionist project for the British slave colonies. ~Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History
An original and timely intervention in the histories of slavery, gender, and labor. In arguing that reproduction played a crucial role across a number of political and social divides, Contested Bodies becomes an excellent window through which we can understand the economies (both moral and financial), culture, intimacies, protests, labor, and power in which the institution of slavery is imbricated. ~Jennifer L. Morgan, New York University
Contested Bodies is a path-breaking book, offering a new analysis of the impact of the end of the transatlantic slave trade on the actual persons of enslaved women and their children. It will become essential reading for those interested in the history of slavery, the history of women, and the history of the Atlantic. ~Kathleen M. Brown, University of Pennsylvania
Contested Bodies will be required reading for those who wish to understand the intimate workings of slavery in the Atlantic world. It draws on meticulous archival research to reveal the everyday practices of reproduction among enslaved women in Jamaica, including pregnancy, birth, and the care of infants. Sasha Turner shows how, in the later period of slavery, planters' efforts to increase the numbers of children born to enslaved women along with abolitionists' attention to the exploitation of women's reproductive capacity, politicised all aspects of enslaved women's reproductive lives. Turner's work reveals the significance of struggles over reproduction not just as an aspect of women's experiences of slavery, but also as contests at the heart of the system of slavery as a whole. ~Diana Paton, University of Edinburgh
- Winner of the Julia Cherry Spruill Book Prize from the Southern Association of Women Historians
- Honorable Mention, Murdo J. McLeod Book Prize from the Latin American and Caribbean Section, Southern Historical Association
- Winner of the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians Book Prize
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Northport moves closer to building school system
By WVUA 23 reporter Gracie Johnson
Northport is taking another step toward implementing its own school system by giving permission to hire an outside lawyer who can guide the city through the separation of the Tuscaloosa County school system.
On Monday, city administrator Glenda Webb was given the authority to find and hire a lawyer. Northport is the third largest city in Alabama without its own school system.
While the city has explored its own school system in recent years, the movement started in earnest in March with a feasibility study on whether or not the city could support its own system. The results of the study, released in June, indicated so.
âWe did a feasibility study 10 years ago and another about seven or eight months ago just to update the first one,â said Northport Mayor Bobby Herndon. “Both feasibility studies said yes, we can do it, and it’s time we did it.”
Herndon said he was grateful for the Tuscaloosa County school system, but believes Northport is going in the right direction by building their own system.
“I appreciate everything the Tuscaloosa County school system has done for us, but it’s time for the citizens of Northport to put on our big boy pants and say hello, we’re not someone’s suburb Herndon said. âWe are a vibrant, growing city and we need to take care of our children. “
There’s still a long way to go, but Herndon said hiring a lawyer will help them decide if it’s the right course of action in the months to come.
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Undergraduate Ithaca College Red Hook, New York, United States
Abigail McGee (Ithaca College)| Colton Garelli (Ithaca College)| Adam Scott (Ithaca College)| Jamie Ellis (Ithaca College)
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) challenge the widely accepted structure to function paradigm of protein behavior and are associated with important biological functions. These disordered domains are estimated to account for at least 30% of the proteome in eukaryotic genomes and are correlated with signal transduction and gene regulation, as well as certain disorders including some types of cancers, amyloidosis, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disease. While many IDPs perform their functions by folding with a partner protein, a subclass is prone to collapsed states, disordered interactions, and aggregation. We need to obtain a higher understanding of the biophysical attributes—level of structures versus collapse and behavior with water in comparison to sequences and biological traits—to characterize these IDPs and to extrapolate their functions. This project takes on two modes: We are (1) developing methods on a model protein known to form a collapsed state that traps water and (2) evaluating a small library of IDPs with distinct roles in transcription by the method developed. Studying these aggregation-prone disordered domains is challenging experimentally. We utilize fluorescence methods to reach low concentrations, an environmentally-sensitive fluorophore to evaluate the presence of water, and collisional quenching to follow the flow into the interior of the collapsed domain. Our studies of the control protein kappa-casein demonstrate that water is present in the collapsed state but is not able to freely exchange with the bulk solution. Our experimental library of IDPs were selected from auxin response factors (ARFs) from Arabidopsis thaliana. This family of transcription factors have three distinguishable sections: a DNA-binding domain, a low complexity middle region, and a structured protein:protein interaction domain. My work is centered on the middle region as it is predicted to be disordered across the family but is distinct in abundance of glutamine depending on function. Transcription activators are consistently higher in glutamine than their repressive counterparts. After cloning select sequences from cDNA, we have optimized expression, purification, and fluorophore labeling of four proteins from both transcription activators and repressors. Our final goal is to further investigate the function of these glutamine-rich domains by attaching fluorophores to the cysteines of the protein in order to compare the natural and denatured states across our selected proteins. Our comparisons of these will expand our understanding of the sequence-dependent biophysical traits in the context of their differing biological roles within the context of auxin response in plants. To complement our experimental studies, we have analyzed characteristics of these disordered regions using a suite of sequence-based prediction algorithms. Again, we evaluated the proteins against a known set of control proteins.
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Our summer fundraiser has arrived, and we need your help!
We depend on donations to keep Butterflies and Moths of North America online and free. If everyone who uses this resource makes a donation, we could cover our ongoing costs, develop new features, upgrade the system, and maybe even remove those pesky ads. Please make a one-time or recurring donation to show your support for this valuable source of information. Thank you!
Observation notes: Seen on the edge of a foot bridge over a swampy pond under the canopy of lots of trees and vines. Don't know if it had been stepped on or parasitized, but something was coming out of its side. Size: Approx. 2.5" long. Weather: 77 degrees, 67% humidity, partly cloudy skies.
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William John Ehrheart became an outdoorsman of sorts after migrating westward from Erie, Pennsylvania, in the late 1930s. His family traveled often from their new home in the Los Angeles basin and camped in tents while on vacations throughout the West. Bill caught the bug and appreciation of nature, so he worked in Mesa Verde for a while and hitchhiked through Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona while he was there.
But back to the beginning. Bill was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, on Aug. 25, 1934, to William Daniel Ehrheart and Mildred Albertine Vine. The family moved to Southern California after both of his younger brothers were born in 1937, Thomas Allen who passed away at birth, and 1939, Dennis Roy. It was during his formative years that he grew a love of western movies and lifestyle. He would go to the matinee on Saturdays to watch his heroes such as Bill Cody, Ray Corrigan, Tex Ritter, Tom Mix, Gene Autry, and of course, John Wayne.
Bill was inducted into the United States Air Force in early 1955, served as a medical corpsman and was discharged at Edwards Air Force Base, near Lancaster, California, in mid-1958. He met his future wife, LaNeil Louise Schmidthorst, in South Pasadena and was married to her on Aug. 15, 1959, in the 3-year-old Los Angeles Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Bill adopted and was sealed to LaNeil’s two children from a prior marriage, Ted, and Anita, who was already deceased; and the couple later adopted two more children, Darrielle, and William who passed away shortly after birth. Altogether, they have four children, seven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. In 1969 they purchased a starter home in Covina, California, where they lived for 38 years, before moving to St. George, Utah, in 2005. LaNeil passed away in St. George in 2012, some 53 years after their marriage.
Bill became a postman and claimed that he only qualified for hire because of credits given him for his military service. Be that as it may, he worked as a postman for 30+ years until his retirement at the end of 1989. Bill did not loaf around during retirement and earned an M.A. degree in public history/historic preservation from California State University Dominquez Hills in 1994. The dedication of his 231-page master’s thesis touchingly reads: “to LaNeil, who barely survived my discontented attitude during my thirty-year unintentional career, as well as the rigors of my professional student status for a concurrent thirty-five years.”
It was through his love of Western history that he found an outlet for his intellectual capacities in scholarly pursuits. His master’s thesis is a classic that will appeal to anyone who loves movies, especially western movies, or the preservation of movie-making. His library collection is voluminous, especially in its focus on the historical restoration of native Christianity in the latter days; his love for music is astounding, and his commitment to family history and genealogical research truly touching.
Bill is survived by his son Ted, daughter Darrielle, sister-in-law Sally, Nephews Dennis, Shawn and Jeffrey, Nieces Debra and Heather; grandchildren and great-grandchildren. He will be missed.
Funeral Services will be held on Friday Feb. 14, 2020, at 11 a.m. at the Bloomington Hills Stake Center, 1130 E. Brigham Road, St. George, Utah. with a viewing will be held prior to the funeral services from 9:30-10:30 a.m.
Arrangements entrusted to the care of Pine View Mortuary 435-986-4222. Please visit our website www.pineviewmortuary.com for full obituary and funeral service listing.
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About LED Canopy Light Fixtures
What are LED Canopy Lights?
LED canopy lights are exterior or interior luminaires that are typically ceiling-mounted. These lights are most often used for general illumination in areas where dust and water are a concern. Most LED canopy lights are completely sealed to protect from water and dust, although the amount of water resistance varies with each design and specific application.
LED Canopy Light Applications
Applications of LED canopy lights include gymnasiums, hallways, transit stations, fuel-pumping areas, tunnels, auto garages, and anywhere fixtures need to resist splashing, dust, minor impacts, or regular cleanings.
Revolution Lighting’s EcoPark LED Canopy Lights offer at least 50% energy savings over comparable fluorescent and HPS/HID fixtures, while also delivering a far superior quality of light. They have a wide operating temperature range of -31 to +131°F, which is useful for architects or installers who plan to use the same fixtures across a range of location types.
Unlike the fixtures they replace, Revolution Lighting’s EcoPark LED Canopy Lights are virtually impervious to shock, vibration, and can even withstand multiple impacts. Since canopy lights are not made of glass, they don’t shatter, and there’s no mercury to clean-up. They are are particularly resistant to dust and water with an IP rating of IP65.
Revolution Lighting’s EcoPark Upgrades
low profile, two voltage options with same overall dimensions, sensor available
Revolution Lighting’s EcoPark LED Canopy Lights are unique because they offer input options in standard voltage (120-277VAC) and high voltage (347-480VAC). The two fixture options have the same overall dimensions, which provides some flexibility without sacrificing consistency in appearance.
The standard voltage (120-277VAC) EcoPark is also available with a passive occupancy and daylight sensor. Completely integrated into the light, the sensor is fully adjustable to suit the application. There is no sensor box outside of the fixture to complicate installation and maintenance, or to detract from the modern and sleek low-profile look.
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There are plenty of different job opportunities available at warehouses across the country. As warehouses are an integral component of several industries and companies across the country, job seekers can rest assured of the various job opportunities that will be available to them. One such job is available for those interested in the package handler job opportunity.
Who Are Package Handlers? What Are Their Responsibilities And What Are The Qualifications Required To Be A Package Handler?
Package handlers are responsible for assembling, sealing, scanning, and loading parcels in order to ensure the packages reach the correct destination or customers. Package handlers work in teams or groups most commonly in a warehouse. A package handler job opportunity comes with a lot of responsibilities centered around the delivery of packages.
Here are some of the responsibilities that come with a package handler job:
- Package handlers are required to work alongside other package members as a team to assemble, seal, and load packages onto correct trucks. Package handlers will have to use their eye for detail and follow instructions correctly in order to transport the packages to the correct locations.
- Package handlers have to carefully read and understand the labels on various packages. They read these labels in order to correctly process and track the packages.
- Package handlers will have to follow the safety guidelines at all times to ensure the safety of themselves, the packages, and the equipment they use at their place of work.
- Package handlers will have to use scanners provided to them to track parcel information. Package handlers will have to use the scanners on items like the receipt of a parcel.
- Package handlers are responsible for sorting items according to the destination and ensuring the packages are ready to be transported to the correct destination.
- Package handlers will have to use various tools in order to handle packages and load the various equipment.
- Package handlers have to meet the various goals or expectations set by a company or organization.
While the package handler job opportunity does not have many requirements, job seekers still need to possess certain skills and qualities in order to get hired. The requirements that a job seeker must meet for a package handler job opportunity include:
- The applicant must have a high school diploma or its equivalent to work as a package handler.
- Often package handler jobs have some level of transportation involved and as such those trying to find a jobs in Elizabeth City NC as a package handler will need to have a valid driving license. Along with this driving incense, package handlers are required to have an excellent driving record.
- The package handler job opportunity is physical in nature and those applying need to be able to handle the physical strains that come with the job. Package handlers will be able to carry weights that can reach about seventy-five pounds. Package handlers will also have to sit, stand, walk, and carry things for hours on end and those applying should keep this in mind. Most often these tasks are extremely repetitive in nature and the package handler should be capable of performing these repetitive tasks willingly.
- Package handlers will need to know how to use the various tools and machines involved in delivering packages.
- Package handlers need to have great communication and interpersonal skills in order to work alongside other package handlers in a team. They should be capable of communicating clearly and concisely.
- Package handlers must have the ability to comprehend and follow instructions.
Top Five Skills Required To Be A Package Handler
Communication is a vital skill required at every job opportunity these days and it is true for package handlers too. Package handlers will have to express their thoughts and instructions to other package handlers using expressions, words, and actions. Package handlers should be capable of communicating effectively with other members of the organization from drivers to upper management. Package handlers should be capable of communicating effectively to ensure delivery vans are loaded properly and the packages reach the correct location.
Package handlers need to have good concentration skills as they will be tasked with performing tasks with a lot of repetition. The tasks can range from loading, unloading, carrying packages, pushing/pulling packages, and delivering packages. Package handlers will have to maintain their concentration levels throughout the process so that no problems arise.
Package handlers must be capable of performing any task that is required of them as safely as possible, therefore safety skills are essential for this job opportunity. Package handlers will have to follow safety procedures to avoid injuries around the package delivery systems. By following the various safety guidelines package handlers can ensure that the package and the machines used for transport are all safely handled.
Package handlers need to have great organizational skills as they are often in a warehouse that is fast-paced and has a lot of moving parts. Package handlers should use their organizational skills to properly assign the various packages to the correct locations and be ready to deliver them to customers.
Along with good communication skills, those trying to find a job as a package handler need to have interpersonal skills. Package handlers work in groups or teams and interpersonal skills are required to work effectively and come together to achieve the organization’s goals.
There are certain skills needed for a person to become a package handler. Those interested in trying to find a job as a package handler will need to develop these certain skills.
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Many youthful individuals gained’t keep in mind a time when inflation was an enormous political subject, or a topic that may have an effect on their day to day lives. But latest will increase in the price of dwelling, partly brought on by the coronavirus pandemic and the availability chain disaster, have began to have an actual impression. Final week, the CBI warned that consumers would face the most important value rises in additional than 30 years this Christmas – and with the inflation charge anticipated to hit 5% subsequent 12 months, the Financial institution of England is beneath stress to take pressing measures to do one thing about it.
On this episode, the Observer’s economics editor, Phillip Inman, explains to Hannah Moore precisely what’s occurring, setting out how the scenario took place, what the choices are for coping with it, and why it impacts individuals’s each day lives. And he examines the arguments for the Financial institution of England rising rates of interest – in addition to the danger that such a transfer could be untimely if the change is largely the results of the coronavirus disaster.
Assist The Guardian
The Guardian is editorially impartial.
And we wish to preserve our journalism open and accessible to all.
But we more and more want our readers to fund our work.
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Ceramic floor tiles arrive with quite many benefits, which makes them a primary option for many decorations. Both big reasons why people always prefer them would be their cheap rates and the simple fact they are not hard to keep.
They’re a really commendable means to decorate however, you ought to know about several details.
To begin with, you have to set up the porcelain floor tiles correctly. If at all you can, have an expert perform for you or you are able to take action in the very professional manner.
This aspect is essential since in the event that you’ve got them badly installed, you will begin to witness intense cracking only following a couple of years.
This flooring can turn into a hassle and you have to avoid this catastrophe.
Listed here are a few of the most frequent mistakes made by the man who’s installing the porcelain floor tiles.
To begin with, you can get insufficient material for the foundation of this tile.
You therefore should understand whether your fabric is sufficient before you move. Caution can’t be stressed challenging enough.
The following mistake is that the improper sealing of the plastic joints. It’s possible to learn if this was done nicely by asking and bringing up the stage with the individual installing.
Additionally, when a incorrect underlying arrangement was created, you’re certain to encounter some issues.
The ceramic flooring tiles must also be put in a right construction. This issue will manifest itself if the job gets quite lean towards the ends of the pops.
It is going to unquestionably be regarded as a cluttered appearance and also an unequal alignment. You don’t want your job to finish like this, so organize your work correctly.
There are a few suggestions which you need to have in your finger tips, in order your porcelain flooring tiles are set up at the best way possible.
To begin with, throughout this installation, you may require watertight adhesive.
Nonetheless, you can use it just when tiles have been employed on a sterile foundation. It’s for suitable adherence and portion of this ground.
The use of grout is essential whilst installing. Normally, you’re needed to wash it while moist. It’ll be exceedingly tough to wash it while tender.
A couple of days after you glue the grout, you’ll be asked to employ a plastic sealing for finish.
With these very simple guidelines, you can be certain that years from today you won’t be faced with a specific situation.
The grout along with the ceramic flooring have to fit in colour. Dark grout colors gets the capability to blot your tiles.
Know what kind of colors you’d want to have on your rooms such as the kitchen. Consider if you’d like the to get lighter colours that reveal dark or dust colours which will show dust.
So look at the aforementioned mentioned factors and remain ahead. Bear in mind, the net will offer a good deal of advice so you are able to know which shops will provide you with the best discount.
They are commonly available and you’ll surely get what you’re searching for. Work with a particular budget to make sure you have a much better deal.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://pcawa.org/the-benefits-of-utilizing-ceramic-floor-tile/
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An anatomical study of orbital dimensions and its utility in orbital reconstructive surgery
Objectives: The orbit is a craniofacial structure and the orbital cavity contains the visual apparatus, including the eye ball and associated muscles, vessels, nerves, lacrimal apparatus, and fascial strata. A large number of traumatic, congenital, vascular, neoplastic and endocrine disorders may adversely affect the orbit. In these cases, the measurements of orbital index, bony orbital volume, orbital perimeter and a description of the orbital shape may have crucial clinical applications for estimating craniofacial asymmetry, the severity of the injury, and probable complications in preoperative planning and in postoperative assessment. Importance of Craniofacial measurements and study of orbital morphology is important for ethno-racial and sex discrimination, craniofacial surgery and anthropological assessment. The relationship between the height and breadth of the orbit varies amongst various human populations.
Materials and Methods: This study compares orbital dimensions and orbital index in the Maharashtra population. 60 dried adult human skulls (120 orbits) irrespective of sex were randomly selected from the Anatomy Department in Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, India. The orbital height and breadth were measured and orbital Index was calculated. The data were statistically analysed for means, Standard Deviation (SD) (significant at p≤ 0.05).The other parameters measured were orbital volume, orbital perimeter and orbital opening area.
Results: The mean orbital height for the left and right sides were 3.575 ± 0.329 cm and 3.580 ± 0.301 cm while, their orbital breadth were 4.008 ± 0.362 and 4.008 ± 0.326 mm respectively. The mean orbital index of 120 orbits was 89.342 ± 3.987. The bony orbital volume of 120 orbits was measured to be 25.595 ± 1.119 ml and Orbital opening area was found to be 11.339 ± 1.799 cm while the orbital rim perimeter is 13.15 ± 1.343 cm.
Conclusion: The Maharashtrian population belongs to the Megaseme category. The existing data is not enough on Maharashtrian population, so it is necessary to study the morphometry of the orbit in these populations. Positive correlation was observed between volume of orbits and the orbital opening area. These findings may play a key role in orbital reconstruction.
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Submitted PhD thesis in Biotechnology at GITAM University, Vizag.
The Past Head, General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care at Ministry of Health,
Saudi Arabia Critical Care/TPN
Clinical Pharmacist Ministry of Health,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Radiation Oncology
Asahi University Hospital
Gifu city, Gifu, Japan
Maher Abdel Fattah Al-Shayeb
Department of Surgical Sciences, Ajman University, UAE
Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, I Clinic of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology (Lodz, Poland)
Citations : 61
- Euro Pub
- Google Scholar
- Medical Project Poland
- Cancer Index
- Gdansk University of Technology, Ministry Points 20
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.oncologyradiotherapy.com/abstract/an-anatomical-study-of-orbital-dimensions-and-its-utility-in-orbital-reconstructive-surgery-67433.html
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Getting Enough Exercise
Maintaining a certain level of physical fitness is a crucial aspect of maintaining wellness. Without the right amount of exercise the body can start breaking down and diseases are more likely to take over. A lack of exercise also makes your body age faster. The right amount of physical activity ensures that your body will stay lean, fit, and make better use of its energy and nutrient stores.
It isn’t as hard as you think to get enough exercise and it doesn’t have to be boring, either. On average, all you really need is about 30 minutes, three times a week of regular exercise. The key is to get your heart rate going and keep it going for that period, so this could be as easy as taking a long walk at a quick pace, riding a bicycle, or going swimming. You could even incorporate daily chores into your exercise routine such as vacuuming, sweeping, and dusting.Getting Enough Exercise by Steve
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https://freeacaiberry.org/2009/11/09/getting-enough-exercise/
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Sunday, August 9, 2009
For those interested in the background of perhaps the most important Establishment Clause case ever, I've posted on SSRN this draft chapter, "Lemon v. Kurtzman: The Parochial-School Crisis and the Establishment Clause." It's from a forthcoming book, edited by Leslie Griffin, called Law and Religion Cases in Context, an entry in Aspen Publisher's new series of stories about famous cases (corresponding to Foundation's "Law Stories" series that many of you know). The abstract:
This chapter . . . traces the background and implications of Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), the case that is famous for its 3-part Establishment Clause test and that also inaugurated a series of decisions in the 1970s and early 1980s striking down state efforts to assist parochial schools and the children attending them. In addition to summarizing the arguments, holding, and general implications of Lemon, the chapter draws attention to background and nuances: the parochial-school financial crisis that triggered these laws, the vigorous but unsuccessful attempt of the NAACP and other plaintiffs to challenge the laws for allegedly promoting white flight from urban neighborhoods, and factors (including changes in religious and racial demographics) that contributed first to the rise of Lemon's no-aid approach and then to its decline in recent decisions such as the Cleveland voucher case.
The overall volume should be very good, with contributions from, among other lawprofs, Michael McConnell, Marci Hamilton, Sam Levine (Pepperdine), and Marie Failinger (Hamline).
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https://mirrorofjustice.blogs.com/mirrorofjustice/2009/08/the-story-behind-the-lemon-case.html
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"At H&M Group, we consider the needs of present and future generations, and are aware that our entire business must be conducted in a way that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. This is why we set clear ambitions and bold goals." - Helena Helmersson, CEO H&M Group
LIS X H&M Sustainability Competition – The Brief
What’s the task?
You are part of H&M’s sustainability team. Your job is to work with schools to help them understand the problem of sustainability, diagnose their performance today and create an action plan for the future.
Specifically, the five steps you will need to take are:
1. Explain why sustainability is a problem that requires an interdisciplinary approach so that you and your team have the background expertise to advise your school
2. Conduct a sustainability diagnostic on your school’s practices using this toolkit
3. Use your findings to help design and create a project that encourages sustainable practices in your school community
4. Demonstrate how you would effectively use prize money to support your action plan, including what changes you’d make and ways you’d assess the impact
5. Submit a video, along with a summary of your findings and plans in a PowerPoint presentation using this form
You can read more about how to complete the five steps here.
How will you be judged?
The deadline for the competition is 5.00pm on Friday 17th June 2022. Once you’ve submitted your video and presentation, leaders from the H&M sustainability team and educationalists from LIS will review your findings and plans.
They will be particularly interested to see how you have worked as a team and how you plan to work with the school to help them become a more sustainable community.
The judging panel will want to see each member of your team participate in the video (which should last no longer than 3 minutes) as well as research and a clear plan in your PowerPoint.
What are the prizes?
· £5000 will be awarded to the winning group’s school which will help to fund their sustainability action plan
· A trip to the H&M showroom in London where they’ll meet and have a presentation from leaders in the H&M sustainability team. This invaluable experience will give students an insight into how organisations like H&M are making steps towards making fashion more sustainable
· Each group member will win a £50 voucher for H&M that can be used online or in stores
· £3000 will be awarded to the group’s school which will help to fund their sustainability action plan
· £2000 will be awarded to the group’s school which will help to fund their sustainability action plan
Who can enter?
· Applicants must be between 16 – 18 years old
· Applicants must be from the UK
· All group members must attend the same school
· The group must have a teacher contact at the school as part of their submission
· The group should have a maximum of 5 members
· The group should have members who study a range of subjects between them
Please note that LIS will be running an outreach programme to coach select schools their competition submissions.
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<urn:uuid:b9370817-f1d9-4a16-9594-ba7ccf3488a4>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.lis.ac.uk/news/lis-x-hm-sustainability-competition-the-brief/
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Towards an open source platform for wind lidars.
Community based wiki for describing and developing the open source platform.
The community needs you.
You could contribute your experience, your knowledge, or your needs.
Get brand new information about OpenLidar.
A guideline for both, project execution and project control.
Help to work on developing the open source framework: Share your experience with open source projects and help to develop the project by participating in the wiki.
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<urn:uuid:476e2001-945b-47c4-93d4-e624e0a8768b>
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https://www.openlidar.net/
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German Court Sentences Anti-GMO Activists for Destroying Wheat FieldJune 26, 2009
A group of anti-GMO activists who destroyed a field trial of genetically modified (GM) wheat in the German village of Gatersleben was sentenced last week by a court in Saxony-Anhalt. The court ruled that the group acted against the law on April 21, 2008 as they entered the field trial area maintained by the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. The anti-GMO group was asked to pay for the damage, which the Institute estimated at not less than 245,000 euros (342,000 USD).
According to the report by GMO Compass, the activists objected to the field trial because of its proximity to the Gatersleben gene bank. They cited the German legal concept of übergesetzlicher Notstand ("extra-statutory necessity") as a justification for the destruction.
Wheat plants are self-pollinating with outcrossing rates estimated at less than 1 percent. The field trial was separated from the Genebank's propagation lots by 500 meters.
The original article is available at http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/449.docu.html
The Crop Biotech Update is a weekly newsletter of ISAAA, a not-for-profit organization. The CBU is distributed for free to over 23,000 subscribers worldwide to inform them about the key developments in biosciences, especially in agricultural biotechnology. Your support will help us in our mission to feed the world with knowledge. You can help by donating as little as $10.
See more articles:
News from Around the World
- Clinton: 7 Principles for Sustainable Agricultural Systems Worldwide
- GM Maize for Local Trials by 2010
- OFAB Launched in Tanzania
- Arabic Book on Biotechnology in Egypt
- Regional Program on Biosafety Launched in West Africa
- Egyptian Agriculture Extension Workers Learned Biotechnology
- Scientists Identify Compound that Kills Mycotoxin-Producing Pathogen
- Arabidopsis Genome Gets an Overhaul
- Scientists Decipher Genome of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium
- Monsanto to Commercialize First Biotech Insect-Protected Soybean in Brazil
- Monsanto, Dole to Collaborate on Veggie Breeding
- Malaysia Moves Toward Setting Up a National Bioethics Committee
- Biofuel Impact on Food Crops in Thailand
- Australia Approves GM Blue Rose
- Malaysian Biotech Human Capital Development Report
- DuPont Makes Cotton Acquisitions in India
- New Serbian Law Prohibits Commercial Growing, Trade of GMOs
- German Court Sentences Anti-GMO Activists for Destroying Wheat Field
- Researchers Modify Castor Oil Plants to Produce Bio-lubricants
- Green Biotechnology and Climate Change
- French Scientists: Germany’s GM Maize Ban Unfounded
- Anti-Allergy GM Rice Appears Safe in Animal Studies
- ISAAA Video on "Knowledge, Technology and Poverty Alleviation" Available in 17 Languages"
- Call for John Dillon Memorial Fellowship
- Book on Biosafety Regulations in the Philippines
- Traditional and Alternative Medicine: Research and Policy Perspective
Read the latest:
- Crop Biotech Update (August 10, 2022)
- Genome Editing Supplement (August 10, 2022)
- Gene Drive Supplement (July 27, 2022)
Subscribe to CBU:
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Private tour to Cairo by Plane from Hurghada, Pyramids, Sphinx & Museum-Hurghada
Save your time and efforts to visit Cairo by traveling to the Giza Pyramids and Egyptian Museum by plane from Hurghada. Starting with private pickup from your hotel in Hurghada, following a short flight to Cairo, you’ll head with a private vehicle and private guide straight to the Giza Pyramids to uncover the mysteries of ancient Egypt. Gaze upon the iconic Sphinx statue; behold glittering treasures in the Egyptian Museum; and explore the original streets of Cairo.Itinerary
This is a typical itinerary for this productStop At:
The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, Midan El Tahrir Geographical Society Building, Cairo 11511 Egypt
A centerpiece of Tahrir Square, the Egyptian Museum (Museum of Egyptian Antiquities) has been a mecca for Egyptologists since it opened and houses some of the world’s greatest ancient relics. While some collections are moving to the new Grand Egyptian Museum, it remains a must-see for anyone interested in ancient Egypt.
Duration: 2 hoursStop At:
Pyramids of Giza, Al Haram Str., Giza 12611 Egypt
One of the most mysterious Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (and the only one still standing), the Pyramids of Giza—the Great Pyramid of Khufu, Pyramid of Khafre, and Pyramid of Menkaure—still live up to more than 4,000 years of hype. Seeing these 4th-dynasty pyramids and their guardian Great Sphinx rising from the Giza Plateau is a must on any trip to Cairo (and the reason many travelers find themselves in Egypt).
Duration: 2 hoursStop At:
Great Sphinx, Al-Haram, Giza Egypt
The 66-foot-tall (20-meter-tall) Sphinx of Giza is an icon of ancient Egypt, and the subject of continued debate regarding its meaning, age, and original builder. With the head of a human and the body of a lion, the Sphinx—one of the world’s largest and oldest statues—is said to symbolize strength, power, and wisdom.
Duration: 30 minutesStop At:
Egypt Papyrus Museum, 98 Pyramids Road, Giza 11511 Egypt
Papyrus is an important part of Egypt’s history. The raw material used to make this ancient paper comes from the stalk of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which has a brittle interior and a tough exterior and grows in damp regions of the Nile Delta. Its method of production was a well-kept secret for many years, allowing the ancient Egyptians to have a monopoly over its production and distribution.The Papyrus Institute is a government-approved museum and shop not far from the Pyramids in Giza, where visitors can browse and buy a huge selection of hand-painted papyrus prints. Prices range from the cheap to the very expensive, but bear in mind that these prints are the authentic article and make for some quality souvenirs.Staff at the Papyrus Institute talk visitors through the entire process of manufacturing papyrus, including a demonstration of exactly how it is made.
Duration: 30 minutes
"Confirmation will be received at time of booking"
"Not wheelchair accessible"
"Service animals allowed"
"Infant seats available"
"Most travelers can participate"
"This experience requires good weather. If it’s canceled due to poor weather, you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund"
"This is a private tour/activity. Only your group will participate"
"Face masks provided for travelers"
"Hand sanitizer available to travelers and staff"
"Social distancing enforced throughout experience"
"Regularly sanitized high-traffic areas"
"Gear/equipment sanitized between use"
"Transportation vehicles regularly sanitized"
"Guides required to regularly wash hands"
"Regular temperature checks for staff"
"Temperature checks for travelers upon arrival"
"Paid stay-at-home policy for staff with symptoms"
"Contactless payments for gratuities and add-ons"
Duration: 18 Hours
Traveler pickup is offered
We offer free return transfer from any location in Hurghada,
please give us exact location details with room number
Cancellations and refunds:
For a full refund, cancel at least 24 hours in advance of the start time of the experience.
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https://www.tourandhotels.com/Tour-Detalle.php?t=125222P42
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The river model, AWRA-R, is used to simulate some aspects of the management and regulation of the Namoi River, but this is undertaken differently to the Namoi and Peel Integrated Quantity-Quality Models (IQQM) (), used by state agencies to set and assess river management rules, water sharing plans and allocations. This reflects the different purposes for which these models have been developed. The implementation of AWRA-R in the for the Namoi subregion is not specifically developed for river operations planning and management and, without further development, should not be used for this purpose.
Streamflow in the Namoi river basin is regulated by three major dams, Split Rock, Keepit and Chaffey dams (Figure 5). These dams supply water to downstream irrigation, industry and town water. Since reliable data on dam releases are not readily available, an irrigation module (which has as a constraint the regulated licensed irrigation volume) is used that is separate to the AWRA-R model to determine dam release values ( ). The data on water for domestic, industrial (e.g. mine) and other purposes (e.g. environmental release) are taken from the relevant agencies such as NSW Department of Primary Industries. Other variables required for AWRA-R are largely based on existing management rules.
A water resource assessment component (see companion submethodology M06 (as listed in Table 1) for surface water modelling ( ) for a detailed description) was developed to estimate the allocation, which is the fraction of the licensed irrigation volume allowed to be extracted in the regulated section of the river system in a water year. This differs from the IQQM resource assessment, which includes all general security licences, whereas all irrigation licences are lumped in AWRA-R. This is a reasonable assumption since licences for irrigation comprise a large proportion of the general security licence volume. Within a year, allocations cannot go below the level estimated at the previous resource assessment.
Product Finalisation date
- 220.127.116.11 Methods
- 18.104.22.168 Review of existing models
- 22.214.171.124 Model development
- 126.96.36.199 Calibration
- 188.8.131.52 Uncertainty
- 184.108.40.206 Prediction
- Currency of scientific results
- Contributors to the Technical Programme
- About this technical product
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/assessments/261-surface-water-numerical-modelling-namoi-subregion/26135-modelling-river-management
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On 5th June, Campion Hall at the University of Oxford hosted a lecture by Joseph H. Pierre, a scholar from Haiti who researches Latin American Politics at Nottingham Trent University. Mr. Pierre has previously taught Economics and Politics at universities in the Dominican Republic, where he was also a researcher in Fiscal Policy for the Ministry of Finance. He has been a Fellow of the Organization of American States (OAS) on Open Government in the Americas, and is a consultant on Haiti and Haitian-Dominican relations for several international organizations.
The lecture was titled “Democratic Consolidation in Haiti within the Latin American context.” In it, Mr Pierre assessed the level of democratic consolidation in Haiti in the context of the third wave of Latin American democratization, which began in the late 1970s.
After analysing Haiti’s democracy in terms of its political institutions, economic development and political history, Mr Pierre concluded that Haiti has not yet completed its democratic transition. Among other reasons for this, he argued that the country’s elite have thwarted the democratization process.
Mr Pierre also spoke about how he combines his scholarship with activism. In 2011, he founded a youth organization, NAPSA, which aims to strengthen the country’s social fabric. Its activities range from reforestation efforts to academic debates on issues related to Haiti’s development. The organization’s name is an acronym for the phrase, “We are saving Haiti”, in Haitian Creole.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://josephharoldpierre.com/2017/06/05/democracy-in-haiti-oxford/
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Today's content is just for you. It's about the birthday of 28th of October 1931, a day when you were born. You are unique, and the world needs your unique perspective. Let's jump right in!
Table of Contents
If you forget what day you were born, we will tell you that you were born on Wednesday, 28th of October 1931. Exactly, it was the 301st day of 1931 which was 44th week of that year. People born on Wednesday are very communicative. They're also versatile, and a bit careless. They are also capable of many pursuits and will seek several options until they land on the one that suits them best. These efforts may feel like many failures rather than many experiments to a greater outcome.
Countdown to Your 91st Birthday-- days-- hours-- minutes-- seconds
This year will increase your age. You will celebrate your 91st birthday on Friday. Get ready, maybe you will get gifts and surprises from your family or friends. It will be a very pleasant day that you will remember for the rest of your life. You can also prepare to make a festive party on your birthday, celebrating in a beautiful place with family and friends will certainly be a pleasant memory.
Did you know that people born on October 28th, 1931 will be 34,000 days old on November 28th, 2024? How do you plan to celebrate your 34000th day? This is an excellent opportunity to celebrate your birthday in a different way.
We have calculated and figured out your birthday for the next 10 years. Prepare yourself to welcome your upcoming birthdays with your family and close friends. You will get many gifts from people who love and care about you. There are 443 days until your next birthday. By then, you will be 92 years old. There have been 33160 days since the day you were born. If you slept for 8 hours each day since birth, you have slept for a total of 11054 days, which is equivalent to 30.28 years. You spent 33.64% of your life sleeping!
|2023||Saturday||92 Years Old|
|2024||Monday||93 Years Old|
|2025||Tuesday||94 Years Old|
|2026||Wednesday||95 Years Old|
|2027||Thursday||96 Years Old|
|2028||Saturday||97 Years Old|
|2029||Sunday||98 Years Old|
|2030||Monday||99 Years Old|
|2031||Tuesday||100 Years Old|
|2032||Thursday||101 Years Old|
According to western astrology, the zodiac sign of people born on October 28th, 1931 is Scorpio and grouped into Water element. Scorpio signs live by their own rules. They are passionate, independent, and unafraid of controversy. They love to debate and aren't afraid to speak their mind. They also hate phonies. Scorpios are all about being authentic and genuine — even if they aren't always pretty.
People born on 28th of October 1931 have Opal birthstone. They are said to be loyal and protective. They're also excellent leaders and mentors. They tend to inspire positivity in others, making them wonderful role models.
Here are a list of celebrities who were born on October 28th, including Sadsabrina, Aziza Novruz, Dayanara Torres, Michael Dougherty, Axel Kuschevatzky and more.
Born on October 28, 1902
Born on October 28, 1815
When you were born, there were many famous people in history who were born on the same day as you but in different years. The following are famous people in history who commemorate birthdays on October 28th.
|1937||Lenny Wilkens, American basketball player and coach|
|1938||Anne Perry, English author|
|1938||Dave Budd, American basketball player|
|1938||David Dimbleby, English journalist|
|1938||Gary Cowan, Canadian golfer|
|1938||Howard Blake, English composer and conductor|
|1938||Keigo Abe, Japanese martial artist and coach|
|1938||Kenneth Best, Liberian journalist, founded The Daily Observer|
|1939||Andy Bey, American singer and pianist|
|1939||Curtis Lee, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)|
Did you know that on October 28th in history, many notable people were died? This list will remind you of the deaths of these important historical figures.
|2013||Tetsuharu Kawakami, Japanese baseball player and manager (b. 1920)|
|2014||Galway Kinnell, American poet and academic (b. 1927)|
|2014||Michael Sata, Zambian police officer and politician, 5th President of Zambia (b. 1937)|
|2018||Colin Sylvia, Australian rules footballer (b. 1985)|
History has been made on your birthday. The following are important historical events that occurred on October 28th.
|1864||American Civil War: A Union attack on the Confederate capital Richmond is repulsed.|
|1886||US president Grover Cleveland dedicates the Statue of Liberty.|
|1891||The Mino-Owari earthquake is the largest inland earthquake in Japan's history.|
|1893||Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Pathétique receives its première performance only nine days before the composer's death.|
|1918||World War I: A new Polish government in western Galicia is established, triggering the Polish-Ukrainian War.|
|1918||World War I: Czech politicians peacefully take over the city of Prague, thus establishing the First Czechoslovak Republic.|
|1919||The U.S. Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Wilson's veto, paving the way for Prohibition to begin the following January.|
|1922||Italian fascists led by Benito Mussolini march on Rome and take over the Italian government.|
|1928||The "Indonesia Raya", now the national anthem, is first played during the Second Indonesian Youth Congress.|
|1940||World War II: Greece rejects Italy's ultimatum. Italy invades Greece through Albania a few hours later.|
In 1931, there were many popular baby names. For baby boys, Robert is the most used. A total of 60,518 baby boys were named Robert in 1931. The rest were named James, John, William and Richard. While the popular baby girl name in 1931 was Mary. There were 60,295 baby girls named Mary that year. While the rest were named Betty, Dorothy, Barbara and Joan. These statistics are obtained from ssa.gov which compiles popular baby names of the last century in United States.
Florida Man is a meme that originated in 2013. It's applied to anyone who commits a strange or insane crime. The meme is often attributed to Florida, though it can also refer to other states. It became a popular challenge on internet and social media called #FloridaManChallenge. To find out what florida man did on October 28, 1931, type the phrase "florida man October 28, 1931" into your favorite search engine. You will find a lot of news related to Florida Man that you can share on your social media accounts.
We have collected some interesting news headlines related to what florida man did on October 28, 1931 which we found on google search engine. You can use the headlines below as material for your meme that you can share on your birthday.
Florida man arrested after throwing pumpkin on girlfriend following argument Police in Florida arrested a man following a domestic spat he had ...
Leonardo Fernandez has been charged with throwing a deadly missile into an occupied vehicle, criminal mischief and violation of probation. The ...
October 28, 2018. OCALA, Fla. (AP) -- A Florida man who plotted to blow up Target stores along the east coast has been sentenced to 40 years ...
Florida man jumps off surfboard, lands on shark Oct. 28 (UPI) -- Authorities in Florida said a surfer who jumped off his board received minor cuts ...
The police charged the Florida man with battery, which is a misdemeanor. Gallway was released from custody on October 28. Latest Headlines ...
1:20 PM EDT, Wed October 28, 2020 Brick of A Florida man was arrested early Monday morning after trying to break into a house in Tavernier, officials said.
Surveillance video captured on Oct. 28 inside Treasure Coast Lawn Equipment in Port St. Lucie, Fla., shows a man concealing a Stihl chainsaw ...
Florida man charged with changing governor's voting address. October 28, 2020 5:21 pm Associated Press. AddThis Sharing Buttons. Share to Facebook ...
Florida man accused of throwing nunchucks at car during road rage attack Published: 3:32 PM EDT October 28, 2019. Updated: 11:21 PM EDT October 28, ...
Florida man steals bulldozer, knocks down several Biden signs. October 28, 2020 5:20 pm CNN Top Stories. AddThis Sharing Buttons. Share to Facebook ...
Florida Man Convicted On Pseudoephedrine Trafficking. OCT 28--Boston, MA….A Clermont, Florida man, formerly of Lowell, Massachusetts, ...
October 28th is a happy day for you. We also want to make you happier by making some birthday wishes for you. We wish you happy and always happy.
Add your opinion about Funny Birthday Facts About October 28, 1931 or share your experience celebrating your birthday on October 28th.
Take Me Back
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Slovakia, a member of the European Union, said Wednesday it had decided to expel 35 Russian diplomats based on information provided by intelligence services.
The move comes a day after fellow EU countries Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland and the Czech Republic all announced the expulsion of dozens of Russian diplomats suspected of spying, in coordinated action taken in the shadow of Moscow's war in Ukraine.
Other countries, including the United States and Poland, had earlier also expelled Russian diplomats.
Slovakia will "reduce the staff of the Russian embassy in Bratislava by 35," foreign ministry spokesman Juraj Tomaga told AFP.
"We regret that following the previous expulsions of Russian diplomats in the last couple of years, the Russian diplomatic mission has not shown any interest in operating correctly in Slovakia," he added.
Slovakia had already expelled three Russian diplomats for espionage earlier this month.
In August 2020, Bratislava also expelled three Russian diplomats for "a serious crime," with local media reporting a possible link with the killing of a former Chechen rebel in a Berlin park.
Two years ago, local media reports said there were up to 45 officially recognised Russian diplomats in Slovakia. It is unclear how many remain today.
© Agence France-Presse
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There are more than 67 million home-based workers in South Asia, of which a majority are women. Yet, they remain one of the most invisible sectors of informal workers in the region. Vulnerable women home-based workers – who often work from the isolation of their homes – have little access to
It’s still early hours in the morning. Ashok Nagar – a crowded settlement made up largely of
How A Newly-Confident Grassroot-Level Organiser Helped Hundreds Of Women Access Work During
New Delhi – India’s capital – is battling a particularly rough 2020. In February, 2020, riots broke out in large parts of the city. And just while the capital was limping back to normalcy, COVID-19 followed. At the time of publishing, Delhi is one of the worst-affected by the pandemic, in India
Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), HomeNet South Asia (HNSA) and HomeNet South East Asia (HNSEA)
Demand a COVID-19 Supply-Chain Relief Contribution from Brands for All Garment Workers
In the era of lockdowns and physical distancing, grassroot-level organisations face challenges when communicating with and staying in touch with its membership. Women home-based workers, across South Asia and the rest of the world, have been gravely impacted by the fallouts of COVID-19. And it
The COVID-19 outbreak has impacted global garment supply chains causing brands and retailers to close shops and cancel orders from sourcing factories. This has resulted in mass layoffs and has had a devastating effect on the livelihoods of homeworkers – who form the lowest tiers of supply chains
The spread of COVID-19 across South Asia has resulted in the large-scale shutdown of business operations. While almost all industries have been adversely affected, the garment industry is one of the worst-hit. This has left export houses and domestic manufacturers without work orders and with no
In April, this year, a much-dreaded headline popped up on news feeds across India. Dharavi – Asia’s largest slum – reported its first COVID-19 related death. The narrow lanes of Dharavi – where close to a million live in a 2.1 square kilometre area – have now been barricaded using makeshift
Informal economy workers’ organizations across the global economy call on governments at all levels to partner with us on relief, recovery and resilience efforts that are emerging from the grassroots during this time of unprecedented crisis.
Informal Economy Workers Are — and Have
The 2019-2020 Coronavirus pandemic has brought the world to a grinding halt. As of late March 2020, the disease has infected citizens from across the world and has resulted in the deaths of many.
South Asia, while not one of the first regions to be hit by the virus, has seen a steady
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Madeira Travel Guide
Most people have heard of the Portuguese island of Madeira, but not many know exactly where it is. Located more than 600 miles (966km) southwest of Lisbon, and off the west coast of Morocco, it is a mere speck in the vast Atlantic Ocean. Madeira, along with its sister island of Porto Santo, is actually the summit of an undersea mountain. It rears up with craggy cliffs from the warm blue Gulf Stream waters in one of the deepest parts of the Atlantic.
It features one of the world's highest ocean cliffs, soaring 1,933ft (589m) above the sea, which presented a forbidding sight to the ancient Portuguese mariners who first discovered the island archipelago in the 15th century. In fact, Porto Santo and Madeira were the first 'new worlds' that were colonised by Henry the Navigator in his quest to explore the world.
Madeira is tiny, just 13 miles (21km) wide and 35 miles (56km) long, and has no beaches. But it does have an Eden-like beauty with its rich volcanic soil having turned it into a botanical wonderland and agricultural treasure trove. Most of the indigenous thick forest was destroyed in a fire created by the first Portuguese colonialists to clear it for farming. Today however, the island blooms with colourful masses of fragrant orchids, bougainvillea, frangipani, wisteria and geraniums. Fruit and herbs grow on the hillsides and in ravines, and the mountain slopes are terraced with orchards and vineyards. The island has been termed a 'floating garden'.
Madeira's most famous export is its fortified wine, and with nearly 14,000 plots, there is a big variety to try. Vineyards like Fajã dos Padres and Silva Vinhos offer tours and tastings, and the Funchal Wine Walk is a good way to get a taste of this historical delicacy without leaving town.
Madeira is accessible by air, mainly from Lisbon to the airport near the capital, Funchal. There is no regular passenger ferry to Madeira but cruise ships regularly dock here, bringing thousands of visitors to the island each year.
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The purpose of this program is to give an up-to-date general perspective of the life cycle of a medical device: from the initial concept until it reaches the European market.
Attendees will partake in a 3-day immersive experience in a hospital or living lab within a team of 5 to 7 participants where they will interact with healthcare professionals, patients and senior citizens to understand unmet needs in a specific field that requires technological innovation and could lead to the creation of a new product.
Afterwards, all the teams will meet up at the main site of the Summer School, located in the mountains near Grenoble, to further develop their projects through lectures and coaching from professionals in academic and industrial sectors.
These projects should continue after the summer school with either a master training, PhD or a proposal to a project call (national or european).
Students enrolled in a Master or Doctorate program (in medicine, pharmacy, computer science and engineering, business, health sciences, technology, usability, ergonomy, etc.) as well as current engineers and executives of medical device companies.
Registration and further information here: clinmed2019.sciencesconf.org
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A covered alley that runs underneath the Old Bailey court rooms with a concealed entrance for the public to go inside, this is Warwick Passage.
Named after one end, which is Warwick Square, the former home of the powerful Earls of Warwick, one of whom, Richard Neville was known as the Kingmaker.
The alley is notable though for being both a seemingly popular short cut, but also for offering shelter for those entering the Old Bailey (Central Criminal Court) for reasons other than practicing (or avoiding) the legal system.
It’s the public gallery entrance, where anyone can go inside to watch a court case.
This was my second attempt to photograph the alley, as my previous visit had too many people queuing up to go inside, so I came back shortly after the courts closed on a Friday, for an almost empty passageway. Not that the few remaining didn’t give me some funny looks for taking photos.
The passage appears to be of recent construction, probably dating from the late 1960s when the courtrooms were expanded, and the building above constructed. Before that, no map shows the passage existing on the site.
The passage is claimed, in a novel by Alistair Campbell to be a favoured spot for courting couples and police officers enjoying a smoke. I can confidently say I saw neither, and considering the security around the area, I highly doubt either happen.
At the far end, up a set of fine stone steps can be found a very small, but rather pleasing garden. Not one to sit in, although there is a very small stone bench, surrounded by discarded cigarette ends.
The low box hedges are set against the temple style pavilion. It’s a garden to admire when popping down the steps. The four columns are however of interest, as they come from the Central Criminal Court building from 1907, part of which was demolished when the court was expanded in 1972.
If you turn up at the wrong time though, you’ll have to admire them at a distance though, for Warwick Passage is locked at the weekends.
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At Smallnet consulting we have been designing, deploying and implementing Data Warehousing solutions for over 20 years delivering the trusted data required for accurate and reliable data analysis. Traditionally Data analysis was undertaken via tabular reports and then drillable cubes, but has now grown to include data visualisation and predictive analytics.
In the past, more time was spent collating and preparing data for analytics that was spent analysing, the modern tools and techniques now available help to turn that on its head, so data acquisition is the small part and analysis the major. At Smallnet we can help you design and implement a modern data analytics capability where the majority of your time is spent mining the value in your data.
As an example if you are a Financial controller it is more likely you will require Financial Planning, budgeting and using aggregated data sets on say a batch basis versus say a busy sales department that will require REAL time update reporting or analysis of the data in order to make timely decisions.
The advent of all the new social media data sources and wide range of IOT (internet of things) data is also exploding and the new breed of Data Scientists are looking to FIND and access data fast to analysis this closely and create ‘Algorithms’ the company can infuse into the business. This also needs to take into account ‘machine learning’ so that as data and trends occur the systems learn as they go. As an example they can spot buy trends, customer churn and propensity to buy.
Reinsurer creates a trusted data source IBM Information Server... read more
One of the largest NHS Foundation Trust established in... read more
We also see clients who do not ‘own’ the data and as result can not download the data to read/analyse, but with Data Virtualisation techniques you can read this without moving the data (assuming access is granted) and this can be highly beneficial where multiple systems are in play and indeed multiple data sources.
At Smallnet Consulting we have experience of all these variations given our pedigree in Data Governance, Data Integration and Data Warehousing so if you are looking at a new Analyse project we can help advise and guide you.
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I took these photos today when walking on Dartmoor to illustrate how wearing our polarized copper clip on sunglasses can help to enhance your perception of contrast and definition in conditions of winter sunshine.
View without clip-on lenses is hazy
Here you see the view without wearing the clip-on lenses, taken at about 2:30 pm on a bright, sunny day in December when the long shadows cast by the sun make for a hazy view:
Enhanced contrast and definition when viewed through polarized copper lenses
The concept of flip up sunglasses is so simple, yet it is the most flexible and versatile way for anyone who wears glasses to control the level of glare entering their eyes from the sun.
In full sun you can wear them down to provide total protection from oncoming sun. On those frustrating days when the light keeps changing from bright to cloudy, you can simply flip them up when the sun goes in. And if you want them to act as a sun visor to shield your eyes from high level...
Whether you need protection from the sun's glare during the summer, when travelling to a holiday destination, or to protect your eyes from low angle glare when driving during the winter months, there are many good reasons to opt for clip-on lenses rather than separate prescription sunglasses.
If, like me, you wear glasses, you will find that having a pair of clip on sunglasses remains the fastest, most economical, and versatile option to getting effective protection from the sun's glare.
Here are some good reasons...
We have received very positive feedback from keen anglers about our polarized clip on fishing sunglasses and have recently focused on significantly increasing the range of polarized tints that we sell to optimise vision in different light conditions.
The latest addition to the range are the yellow polarized lenses, which combine light-enhancing properties that increase contrast in poor weather with the added benefit of polarization, helping you to see more clearly down to the bottom of shallow lakes and rivers.
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Photo by Pierre Guinoiseau knowledge http://flic.kr/p/8qCCLW – For instance only
Is it normal to be painfully shy at almost 60? I have very few friends and endure my two kids. At work many of most common colleagues have very little to do with i, and I tend to keep to myself plenty, as I get really nervous at the time I’m around too many of them automatically. I avoid meetings and común gatherings in general since I sometimes would not don’t know how to make small is usually (which I also find to be a waste of resources anyway). I’m also a bit unexciting, as I have no social life, so I’m also aware that I traditionally look very nervous, awkward and as well , stupid. I sometimes get fairly depressed and anxious on Sun afternoons as I know that on Sunday it’s back to work again.
I would also like to meet a new guy and start a relationship, but There are no idea how to go about doing it. I am like I’m emotionally underdeveloped; It looks like I act like a school girl. I additionally feel very inferior to my peers that have well-adjusted families and active public lives. I often wish we could be more like them. I feel unquestionably lonely sometimes. I just don’t from time to time to do with myself at this point in my life, and i also feel myself becoming more and more reclusive or depressed. I know that I need to get completly and interact with people, but Really dont know how/where to start and how to start reading the labels without appearing fake and afraid and stupid. I simply don’t have a clue what to do.
To answer your first question, yeah, shyness is a common personality trait it is normal, no matter what age. In some communities, shyness is seen as a positive trait — but because Western culture women outgoing, it can be difficult to feel as if a number of people experience shyness as well. It’s also really normal to want to have one or two buddies, or to have deeper conversation utilizing one person rather than making small speak with acquaintances. Some individuals find it helpful to expect that others are like this, and that a build up called Introversion (from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, MBTI ) exists. Individuals who make higher on the Introversion (rather than Extraversion ) finish up of the scale often feel energy depleted if they have to interact with many people or alternatively make small talk — they have an inclination to get their energy from their exclusive thoughts and ideas and can become known as easily overwhelmed at parties properly other large social gatherings. A number of them introverted individuals are also very sensitive, webpage support in books such as The Highly Sensitive Person [ Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] by Elaine Aron, PhD.
From what you’ve described, this might sound like you have some successful relationships — having had two children, having some classmates and friends, and being able to work in an office ambiance. You were able to form those men before, and I wonder whether a whole lot may have changed in your life since then.
I can understand how difficult i know it can feel when the dread and be afraid of set in when approaching situations that induce worry and nervousness. If the trouble yourself is significantly interfering with your ethnical, work, and other important areas, it may be helpful to find a licensed espiritual health professional to rule out Social Anxiety Disorder and to help with increasing your relaxation performace in social situations. They can as well help explore the thoughts which have been creating more worry (such as well as “I look stressed, awkward and stupid” ) and the ideas that follow (which, for instance , might be, “no you wants to be friends with me, ” “others are just being nice to me when they have to be, ” or perhaps “everyone’s looking at all your viewers and judging me” ). A psychologist or other accredited mental health professional can help to better evaluate these thoughts and feelings and help you find trigger reach your goals for connection with men and women.
Gratify read our Important Disclaimer .
All clinical substances on this site is peer reviewed at one or more clinical psychologists or any other qualified mental health professionals. Originally posted by Plus much more Elizabeth Chamberlain, PhD on and last reviewed or just updated by Dr Greg Mulhauser, Managing Publisher on.
All copyrights for this article perhaps may be reserved to ask a therapist
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Before giving an answer to “what is an introduction in academic writing?”, it is necessary to pose even a more important question: “what is the main purpose of academic work?”. As a rule, an author of academic work has to show their expertise in the subject and persuade readers of some idea with the help of valid and strong arguments. In this matter, the beginning of the essay is the crucial element on their way towards achieving the mentioned goal. The perfect beginning of an essay helps to engage readers and prove the author’s authority. Let’s find out the main tips on how to start your essay in the most effective way.
#1 Establish the Frame and Tone
The beginning of an essay should focus on the readers and prepare them for the journey of reading the entire essay. Make sure your introductory paragraph helps to focus and orient readers. Introduce the topic and establish the tone of your essay. As for the tone, it is important to mention that you should avoid any informal language and slang neither in the introduction nor in the rest of your work.
In the introduction you can show that, the audience can trust you; formulate a problem (outline a list of questions); establish contact with readers; set up audience, etc. It remains almost the most important task – to interest the audience, that is – to intrigue it from the first words. Because, even when answering questions, you can lose some of the readers who will stop reading your essay. It is important clearly understand what tasks the introduction should perform in each of your essays. It is better to write the introduction (think) already when you have decided on the main part. In this case, you will be able to accurately formulate the task to be performed by the introduction, and therefore to correctly determine its structure. The simplest templates for writing an introduction are usually as follows: Just outline the reason or purpose of your essay. A simple start does not mean strong. The first thing you need to do is understand what task your introduction should perform. Try to make any introduction interesting to the audience, even if you have another task, such as show that the audience can trust you, think about what you can do to make the audience not just trust you, but read intrigued to each word.
The very first sentence is actually the most important since it shows what readers can expect later in your work. Establish the essay’s context by stating a general fact related to the topic or a quote. At the same time, it is better to use quotes when your essay is connected to human disciplines such as sociology, literature, and philosophy. It is also possible to start your essay with a comparison: the current state, the prior state, and how the situation has changed (“ever since” statement). It is also possible to ask a rhetorical question or indicate some statistics to grab your readers’ attention. Remember that it is highly advised to use some sort of hook while opening your introduction. To sum up, the introduction paragraph should set the framework using a hook, information that focuses the readers’ attention on the context, and the thesis. The part of the introduction after the hook can include some background information regarding your topic that serves to establish the context of the research.
In addition, keep in mind that the type of paper influences how you should write your introductory paragraph.
– an analytical paper
For example, an analytical paper means that a writer should evaluate some issue and provide a multi-faceted view on some particular problem. The thesis of this type of paper should be the presentation of the author’s evaluation to the audience.
– an explanatory paper
An explanatory type of paper serves to explain something to the audience. In this case, the author states the aspect that is about to be explained in detail.
-an argumentative paper
As for an argumentative paper, the author is expected to make a certain claim about some particular topic and justify this claim with specific persuasive arguments in the body of the essay.
#2 Create a Persuasive Thesis Statement
The next step is to create a thesis statement that would clearly establish your main point. The thesis statement is basically one sentence that expresses what question the author aims to answer, what he or she wants to argue about. The thesis statement should reflect what the paper is about and why the author considers the topic worth covering. It is crucial to place the statement in the end of the introduction to add more emphasis and value to the introduced main idea.
To sum up, your thesis statement should:
- be clear and easy-to-follow;
- be connected to the established topic;
- introduce your main point regarding this topic;
- be connected to other points and arguments covered in the body of your paper.
- Be placed at the end of the introduction paragraph.
# 3 Be flexible
It is quite possible to evade the established course. And it is quite ok. The only thing that matters is to reread and update your introduction at the end when the rest of the paper is already.
# 4 Show the importance of your work
The introduction also should give readers an understanding of why they are reading this article. It goes without saying that the main target of academic works is professors and peers who might be assigned to evaluate their colleagues. Your essay should demonstrate what novelty your work may give to the field of your study. If you struggle with this or any other aspect of writing, try Pro-papers.
According to professional essay writers from DoMyEssay, an introduction is more than just the very first paragraph of the paper. An introduction sets the tone and readers’ expectations for the entire essay. The goal of your introduction is to let your reader know what they can expect from your paper. There are no exact rules regarding the creation of the perfect introduction. However, it is highly recommended to use a hook, establish the focus on the topic, and then introduce the thesis statement.
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WASHINGTON, June 26 (RIA Novosti) – Kremlin children’s rights ombudsman Pavel Astakhov said Wednesday that no more Russian children would be allowed to join potential adoptive families in the United States despite calls from US officials for flexibility with adoptions that were “in process” before Moscow banned Americans from adopting Russian children earlier this year.
“The issue is closed because there is no process,” Astakhov told reporters at the Russian Embassy in Washington following two days of discussions with US officials on the subject of international adoptions.
Astakhov, a vocal proponent of the adoption ban that took effect Jan. 1, said the US State Department had presented him with a list of more than 250 names of children they considered to be already in the process of being adopted by American families but that none of those would be considered for exceptional treatment.
Around half of the children on the list have already been taken in by adoptive families in Russia or placed in foster homes or back with their biological parents, Astakhov said.
“The children on this list did not leave the country and they nonetheless were returned to a family,” he said, adding that none of these families had been pressured to take the children into their homes.
Numerous adoptions that had been approved by Russian courts prior to the ban continued through early February, Astakhov said.
Ahead of Astakhov’s press conference Wednesday, a State Department official told RIA Novosti that the United States continues “to encourage the resolution of all adoptions that were in process prior to Jan. 1 in the spirit of our bilateral agreement and based on humanitarian grounds.”
“We have reiterated our deep disappointment with the Russian government’s decision to ban the adoption of Russian children by US citizens,” the official said.
Washington remains “ready to continue discussions with Russia on inter-country adoptions and the welfare of children adopted from Russia, and have agreed to consult regularly going forward,” the State Department official added.
Astakhov said he met with officials from a range of US government agencies to discuss the adoption issue, including Susan Jacobs, the State Department’s special advisor for children’s issues.
Astakhov said the two sides had reached an agreement to create a comprehensive database of Russian adoptees in the United States and that the State Department had pledged to boost efforts to assist Moscow in tracking cases of alleged abuse and neglect of these children by their American parents.
The Russian adoption ban came just days after US President Barack Obama signed the controversial Magnitsky Act – a law banning Russian officials deemed by Washington to have violated human rights from obtaining visas to enter the United States and freezing any US assets they may have.
A spokesman for President Vladimir Putin said the Magnitsky Act had triggered the adoption ban, but reports of sometimes fatal abuse and neglect of Russian adoptees in the United States sparked widespread public outrage in Russia in the years before the ban as well.
Of the roughly 60,000 Russian children adopted by US parents since the collapse of the Soviet Union, at least 20 have died in the care of their adoptive parents. Russian officials suggest many more adopted children have been neglected or abused, but say finding records and documentation to support those claims has been difficult.
Critics of the ban, however, say it will deny tens of thousands of children the chance of a normal family life.
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Purpose: Obtain parents’, day-care providers’, and teachers’ ratings of 99 problem items in children
Age: 1.5-5 years
Time: 15-20 minutes
The Child Behaviour Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5) obtains parents’, day-care providers’, and teachers’ ratings of 99 problem items plus descriptions of problems, disabilities, what concerns respondents most about the child, and the best things about the child.
Three forms are available:
- Child Behaviour Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5) – Parent Form
- Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) – Caregiver/Teacher Form
- Language Development Survey 18-35 months (LDS) – Obtains parents’ reports of children’s expressive vocabularies and word combinations, plus risk factors for language delays. The LDS can be completed for language delayed older children for comparison with norms up to 35 months.
- Emotionally Reactive
- Somatic Complaints
- Sleep Problems (CBCL only)
- Attention Problems
- Aggressive Behavior
These scales comprise CBCL/1½-5-LDS and C-TRF items that psychiatrists and psychologists rated as being very consistent with DSM-5 diagnostic categories.
- Depressive Problems
- Anxiety Problems
- Autism Spectrum Problems
- Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems
- Oppositional Defiant Problem
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IESP e. V. An International Expert Network
Functional Earth system services through resilient, diverse ecosystems
Since 2020, a series of global crisis has been exposing numerous shortcomings in the international society and the global economy. This visible systemic vulnerability underlined once more the human dependency on healthy planetary systems. IESP strongly believes that not to learn from a crisis is not to understand the crisis. At present, the experienced involuntary return to basic human needs shapes our perspectives towards the future. To maintain functional Earth systems and provide for healthy living spaces for human and non-human species, resilient ecosystems lie at the core. Their resilience grounds in diversity; ranging from cohabitating flora and fauna to landscape use and geo-engineering.
The SARS-CoV-1 pandemic, which can be viewed as a symptom of over-consumption and unsustainable economic activity as well as biodiversity loss and declining natural habitats, offers us an opportunity to rethink and reset. How can we utilize the pandemic experiences to increase dynamics in realizing the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or better yet ensure that we achieve them?
In October 2021, IESP discussed these and related questions with a group of 26 experts from society, science, and politics in a three-day workshop. A jointly developed memorandum consists of six petitions we consider essential steps to leave posterity a world worth living in. The paper highlights necessary transformations in agricultural land use, food trade, and institutional organization.
Among the discussants were the Russian physicists Dr. Anastassia Makarieva, a newly appointed Anna Boyksen Fellow at the TUM-IAS (Host: Prof. Anja Rammig), and her colleague Dr. Andrei Nefiodv, a visiting scholar invited by IESP to establish new trans-national research connections. They are affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences, and their research focuses on water balance and moisture transport in boreal forest ecosystems. Weather extremes, water shortages, and consequential vulnerability to pests and diseases stress their natural health. Forested landscapes provide “sustainable biospheric processes” that are critical for human life on Earth.
A functional landscape water regime is among the most important ecosystem services (ESS) humans depend on. For example, looking at the reach of hydrological and ecological problems in the main river basins in the western United States, which supply California and its agriculture, exposes the challenges for water supply in the Anthropocene. The current discussions on transforming the global agricultural and food systems neglect the importance of a healthy landscape water balance. Yet it is a prerequisite for vital conditions including biodiversity, plant health, and soil fertility. The impacts of climate change through unsustainable farming and building practices are also measurable in Bavaria, raising issues of distributional fairness and conflicts of use.
To raise more attention for the need to rewrite our water future, and to plant seeds for innovative ideas and collaborations, IESP hosted two digital workshops during the winter of 2020 / 2021. The first event served as a kick-off event for an expert commission on Bavaria’s future water supply. Its mission was to serve as an independent scientific body to assess the current state of the various water supply systems and to suggest measures to strengthen their resilience, given the increasing impacts of climate change. The second workshop discussed preliminary results and questions with different stakeholders. The commission’s report to the State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection outlines measures that are crucial to improve and stabilize regional landscape water regimes while maintaining the local cultural landscape and mitigating conflicts of interest .
Such conflicts arise not only between nature and humans, but also at the intersections between interests such as the supply of drinking water, agriculture, and food production. Here, as in other sectors, COVID-19 exposed archaic work structures and was blamed, by parties deliberately diverting attention from existing structural deficits and missed opportunities, for long-standing crises. In the midst of this process, a German legal requirement for entrepreneurial care along global supply chains (LkSG) was passed and came into force. IESP’s 2022 summer workshop aims to illuminate the effects of this new law for agriculture and the agricultural sector’s transformation toward greater sustainability.
Sustainability is the core concept of IESP’s framework of thought on maintaining a healthy Earth system. Its variety of applications features in an edited volume following a joint workshop IESP organized with the TUM Emeriti of Excellence at the TUM Academy and Science Center in Raitenhaslach. Strategies for Sustainability of the Earth System, edited by Peter A. Wilderer, Michael Molls, Martin Grambow, and Konrad Oexle, is published with Springer Nature.
IESP’s current project “Landwirtschaft-Wasserwirtschaft-Klimawandel. Neue Perspektiven für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt” (2018 – 2023) is funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Consumer Protection.
European Environment Agency (ed.). COVID-19 and Europe’s environment: impacts of a global pandemic. Briefing no. 13 / 2020.
IESP (International Expert Group on Earth System Preservation). Sustainability Post-Corona. Stronger commitment and responsible dynamics are needed! (2021) [Memorandum]; mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1639556/1639556.pdf.
Drewes, J. E. et al. LAND: schaf(f)t: WASSER. Bericht der Expertenkommission Wasserversorgung in Bayern (2021).
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https://www.ias.tum.de/en/ias/annual-report-2021/iesp-e-v-an-international-expert-network/
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Milan is the only big city in Europe which is both far from the sea and lacking a river. Despite this natural disadvantage, however, already in classical times the Milanese possessed the skill and ingenuity to take advantage of the dominant position of their city between central Europe and the Mediterranean and to link it to the waterways crossing its territory by a network of man-built canals, the "navigli". This sophisticated network produced many consequences in different areas, from navigation to trade and from agricolture to civilization.
|Titolo tradotto del contributo||[Autom. eng. transl.] Milanese waters, Lombard waters over time. Contributions for a reflection on an inexhaustible theme|
|Numero di pagine||9|
|Rivista||ARCHIVIO STORICO LOMBARDO|
|Stato di pubblicazione||Pubblicato - 2016|
- Navigli e fiumi lombardi
- water, uses of in the history of Lombardy
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(October 2015. Semai Village, Batu Empat Belas, Jalan Pahang, Tapah.
Far right: Ayob (a director of Kenraak and is Semai), Prof Gomes, three Semai children, Dr Seiko Hanochi, Prof Kinhide Mushakoji (87 year old, Japanese, Retired Rector of UN University in Tokyo, Director of Nagoya DEEP, a global peacebuilding network.
Sitting from right: Dr Michalis Michael (Australian), Wah Ani, Faridah Goh (a Temuan, OA women’s activist) and Bah Tony (Lawyer cum activist).
On behalf of the Orang Asli (OA) communities in Malaysia, Emeritus Professor Alberto G Gomes at La Trobe University , is hoping to raise funds, to help create awareness, to highlight the plight of the OA and to empower them so that they can protect their rights more effectively.
Alberto Gomes, who was born and raised in Kuala Lumpur, is an anthropologist, and is the Director of DEEP (Dialogue, Empathic Engagement and Peacebuilding) Network, a global network of peace workers (globaldeepnetwork.org).
Professor Alberto Gomes’ Appeal
As most of you know I have been working with Orang Asli communities for about forty years as a researcher and now as a scholar-activist. Recently, I have been advising an Orang Asli Not-for-Profit organisation named Kenraak.
Established in April 2015, Kenraak, whose current members are committed Orang Asli mostly living in villages in Perak, is focused on creating awareness of the rights and responsibilities towards family and community among the Orang Asli and supporting Orang Asli communities in their struggles to protect their land and their livelihood.
The organisation, which is expanding its membership to include Orang Asli from other parts of the Peninsula, takes its name from a hard-shelled wild fruit resembling a very small durian.
It is hard to crack open by force but it splits open naturally when the fruit is ripe and ready. Some Orang Ali hang the fruit at the entrance of their homes as a talisman to ward off malevolent spirits.
(Photo credits: Dr Colin Nicholas and Shafinaz Suhaimi; The kenraak talisman hanging at the entrance to the house)
The organisation has adopted this fruit as a symbol of its strength, its relative autonomy, and its primary goal of defending the communities it represents against others seeking to dominate, displace, dispossess, destroy and discriminate against them.
What we do
So far, Kenraak has run educational workshops in villages, advised Orang Asli on legal matters, assisted villages in the preparation of legal submissions and court cases related to land rights, evictions and compensation claims, represented Orang Asli in meetings with State departments and corporations, and liaised with non-Orang Asli organisations, such as the Bar Council, concerned about the plight of Malaysia’s First Peoples.
Kenraak has thus far depended almost solely on the generosity of the Orang Asli villagers, who have had to dig deep in their small pockets to finance its activities.
It is poorly equipped in terms of office resources and does not have funds to cover the renumeration of much needed project staff and administrators or office costs such as computers, stationary, internet or the huge travel costs to transport people to the courts, or the court fees and other disbursements. Hence, I have started this crowdfunding appeal to support Kenraak.
Your generosity either in kind (computers, time to carry out tasks like auditing, secretarial, promotion) or in financial contributions (CIMB Bank No 80-0810637-9. Account Name: Kenraak Sdn Bhd.
Please let the following persons below know so that they can acknowledge receipt and keep you posted via email as to how your contributions have been put to use) will be immensely appreciated.
Please circulate this appeal to your networks.
For further information, please contact any of the following:-
- Bah Tony Williams-Hunt (+60197874018 or firstname.lastname@example.org)
- Faridah Goh (+60196321470 or email@example.com)
- Bah Jali (Tel 017 891 2482).You may also contact me, Alberto Gomes (+61411778813).
Thank you in anticipation of your kind support to this worthy cause.
(Credits: Group photo and the appeal are Professor Gomes’ own.
Thank you to Prof Gomes, Bah Tony, and Dr Colin Nicholas of the Centre for Orang Asli Concerns (COAC), Shafinaz Suhaimi for photos of the kenraak fruit and talisman.)
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We thank the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) which funded this research with grant RES-060-25-0037 which spanned September 2008 to March 2014.
Multinational Time Use Study - (MTUS) was (and remains) a central activity of the time use group and is our longest running project. expanded the collection of national studies, harmonized for the purposes of comparative research, to 65 studies from 20 countries, as well as developing both a harmonised episode file, and a new simple file.
American Heritage Time Use Study - (AHTUS) contains harmonised time use datasets from the United States from 1965-66 through 2013, and facilitates the study of national accounts as well as monitoring of changes in time use in this country. CTUR improved documentation, and added both the 1998-01 historical survey and new years of American Time Use Survey data released during this project.
Diaries from Young People - These files follow the MTUS format and cover the diaries of people aged 17 and younger. The project harmonised more children's diaries and improved documentation.
Supplementary MTUS files for the United Kingdom - These files offer additional variables for use with the MTUS files from the United Kingdom, and were expanded as older UK surveys were added and upgraded during this project.
This project also involved building the case for a new UK Time Use Survey in 2013-14 or 2014-15.
- Innovations in Time Use Analysis
- Sequential activity analysis
- Sequence modelling
- Multiple activities from "heavy" diaries
The CTUR team and its associates innovated in the development of the analysis of time use data, including sequences and synchronization, modelling of sequences, multiple activities.
The CTUR team and its associates innovate in the development of the analysis of time use data, including sequences and synchronization, modelling of sequences, multiple activities. This work is a part of the ESRC-funded Developing the Centre for Time Use Research (grant RES-060-25-0037).
Activity sequences constitute among other things the chains of production through which skills are combined to produce useful goods and services. The objective of this project is to analyse historical changes in the times that different sorts of people engage in various activities, and how these are connected to changes in public regulations and services (e.g. maximum work hours, level of childcare provision) and to “Zeitgebers” more generally (societally determined fixed points in the day, such as pub closing hours or timings of popular television programmes around which activities are structured). An innovative means of visualizing these changes as 'day-profile' charts, showing the time devoted to different activities at different times of the day, was developed by the ISER/CTUR team. Using such charts, Fisher et al show from AHTUS data that while the daily sequence of activities for US men in 1965 and 2003 look generally similar (though with a remarkable loss of defined meal times), the charts of women for these years look quite different, with women dramatically reducing their unpaid work time in the middle of the day by 2003 (Fisher et al 2007).
Bittman has used the MTUS Australian time use data series to assess the effect of the increase in unsocial working hours, in particular the effect of the implementation of obligatory Sunday working (for those occupational groups affected), on 'family togetherness' over a week of activities. Those who worked on Sundays enjoyed substantially less time for recreational activities, family conviviality and civic association on a Sunday, and that this time was not made up during the week, so that Sunday workers missed out overall on social participation and had less time to balance the demands of work and family (Bittman 2005).
The representation of the day in diaries is similar to that of events in life-history studies. Seven-day diaries in particular, yielding on average around 150 sequential events of varying durations for each respondent, lend themselves particularly to the formal modelling of daily activity sequences. Lesnard introduced new techniques for modelling 'collective rhythms'—the synchronization of joint activity sequences—based on Optimal Matching Analysis. The methodology, presented in the Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique(Lesnard and de Saint Pol 2006), is applied in substantive research to modelling changes over time in the joint work-schedules of dual-earner husbands and wives in France between 1985 and 1998. The modelling process identifies twelve underlying work arrangements for such couples, differentiated the degree of synchronicity of work schedules (Lesnard 2004). Within these, a significant proportion overall (20%) of the spouses who both worked a full time schedule experienced a high degree (> 50%) of desynchronization of schedules (the relation of this to the 2007 Voorpostel et al result above is currently under investigation). In addition, desynchronization dramatically increased between 1985 and 1998, both because more spouses worked more desynchronized days over the week but also because there was a general increase in desynchronization on most of the days of the week. The development of schedules other than the traditional 9-5 day (long working days, shifted schedules and fragmented hours) was particularly marked among disadvantaged social groups (Lesnard 2006).
The focus of this research is the redirection of analysts’ attention beyond an exclusive focus on 'primary activity' diary information. The objective was to make use of the complex range of information contained in the 'heavy' diary designs which register multiple simultaneous activities, co-presence during activities, and often also collect simultaneous diaries from multiple household members—materials which have seldom previously been analysed together. The full potential of these opportunities will in the future be easier to realize with the World 6.0 upgrade of the MTUS, which improves the recording of both primary and secondary activities (where collected) and adds Harmonized European Time Use Study (HETUS) variables including time spent in the presence of partner. This will allow for the first time proper cross-national comparisons taking account of the full analytical potential of the heavy diary design.
This research has so far focussed on cross-time comparable materials from the USA and the UK. Voorpostel, Gershuny and van de Lippe (2007) used AHTUS data to contribute to the debate about changing intimacies in personal relationships. Analysing changes in the joint activities of couples over 4 decades, they found that by 2003 partners indeed spent a larger part of their leisure time together (controlling for different compositions of the groups over the years), congruent with the idea that marriage has become more intimate. Gimenez and Sevilla-Sanz extended this idea by investigating how leisure inequalities have changed over time according to educational group, also from AHTUS data. The main conclusion was that highly-educated individuals now have less though higher quality leisure, as measured by spending more leisure time with their spouse and other adults, and enjoying a higher percentage of uncontaminated leisure, i.e., leisure that is not done simultaneously with non-leisure activities (Gimenez and Sevilla-Sanz 2008).
Central to progress in this area are methods for conceptualising multiple activity in real time, while maintaining the 24 hour/day constraint. A presentational innovation developed for the CTUR work in this area, is the base-proportional histogram in which the horizontal axis represents the 24 hours of primary activities, the vertical representing the proportions spent solely in that activity and with other secondary activities and combinations of activities. We see from this 'propogram' of the time of UK mothers of young children in 2001, that around two thirds of their leisure time is spent co-present with (and hence perhaps responsible for) children, and about 10% involves caring for children as a simultaneous activity. CTUR is contributing to various ongoing international projects developing this important area of analytic practice. In the childcare area, Gershuny contributed a short chapter to the Bianchi, Robinson and Milkie (2006) book. Similar issues arise with the use of diaries which include time specific measures of affect: Gershuny prepared a paper on activity and enjoyment measures for a meeting convened by Diener, Kahneman and Krueger (arguably the world leaders in this work) in Princeton in October 2008.
Development of the Time Use Research Field
We compiled an extensive library of time use resources and are developing lists of time use publications. This project both documented methodological developments and innovations in the field over the last 150s years and also improved the CTUR on-line resources.
This project had resource and publication components. The resource component built up two extensive CTUR web site resources, a list of time use publications and a table of details of time use studies (both are presently the most extensive lists in the field as they stand). This project updated the table and add to the publications list, while also developing underlying searchable databases which will ease the use of this information. In addition to expanding and improving these resources, we wrote a series of articles profiling the development of time use survey collection, as well as developments in publications using this data. We addressed questions including:
- Who funds the research and for what ends?
- How has data collection changed and what effect has this had on the data?
- Who publishes using this data, and what topics most interest different gender, regional, discipline groups?
In addition, we produced a collection of key time use publications published over the last 125 years published by Oxford Bibliographies in Sociology.
Cross-National Policy Differences and the Relationship to Time Use
This project investigated the policy correlates of national differences in historical changes in 'time-budgets'.
There has been considerable interest over recent years in the effects of distinct regime types, which might be expected to have common time use patterns, and therefore to produce consistent national groupings by time use. Preliminary work suggested that, on the contrary, consideration of various different aspects of daily life (eg employment, unpaid work, leisure consumption) in fact produce somewhat different groupings of countries, sometimes organised by geographical regions, sometimes reflecting systematic policy differences. A cross-national examination of differences in the time parents spend caring for children aged under five in Norway and Sweden based on HETUS data showed that even between countries customarily grouped together in regime-based analyses, variation in child care and parental leave policies can produce quite significant differences in the time both fathers and mothers spend in child care at different ages of children (Sullivan et al, under review).
However, contrasting Scandinavian countries with countries generally classified as representing the most different policy regime type—the UK and the USA—reveals how the absence of child care related policies has an effect on female employment for women with children below school age, but also and more strikingly that, in a cross-sectional comparison of these countries, the time parents spend in child care is greater where policies are less 'family friendly'! That social norms and externalities, rather than more obvious indicators of policy, may be of paramount importance is a conclusion supported in a series of papers by Sevilla-Sanz and others, which investigate the seeming paradox of the national-level relationship at the end of the 20th century observed in OECD countries between traditional household ideologies and 'low low' fertility (Delaat and Sevilla-Sanz, under review; Gimenez et al 2007).
These findings have led to the development of a new initiative. Recognising that an adequate analysis of the MTUS requires an understanding of changes in public policy at the national level, we have started the construction of a cross-national policy-change data base (building on the more static materials developed for the Luxembourg Income Study), initially including measures of parental and child care policies intended to be used alongside time use data in multilevel models of child care and related activities.
Gender and Time Allocation
This was a node of the ESRC Gender Network led by Dr Jacquie Scott of Cambridge University. It uses time diary materials alongside panel survey materials to investigate the relationship between division of domestic labour within households and the gender wage gap.
- The gender division of domestic labour
- Women's proportion of unpaid work
The MTUS provides the richest information for the analysis of national differences and historical changes in the domestic division of labour available from any source. The regularity of historical change and cross-national similarities and differences in time use would simply not be known if the MTUS project had not reconstructed and harmonised “heritage” time-diary studies, some almost 50 years old.
The 12 countries, with a total of 43 national surveys, that currently constitute the MTUS’ diachronic (two or more surveys per country) sub-sample, provides a promising basis for pseudo-panel (or birth cohort-following) analysis. But we have opted for the moment to focus first on the analysis of our real time diary panel materials. Using a combination of analysis of the Home on Line (HoL) panel, and the fused HoL/BHPS data (see Social Change and Daily Life methodological project on data calibration), Gershuny and Kan are currently working on a challenge to Brines’ “doing gender” hypothesis. Kan (2008), for example, found that, in the UK, women generally report their housework hours more accurately than men. Therefore, when the means of stylized estimates of men’s and women’s housework hours are compared, the gender gap in housework participation will be underestimated. In addition, men holding traditional gender-role attitudes tend in general to report more housework time in surveys than in diaries, but the tendency is reversed when men do more housework. This finding casts doubts on earlier influential research that suggested economically dependent men tend to undertake less housework in order to avoid further loss in their masculine identity. An analysis of the gender differences traceable to previous time allocation patterns (Kan and Gershuny 2009) is due to be published shortly in a book edited by Ermisch and Brynin of the ISER.
Money and socio-economic time accounts. This project involves the macro-level extension of household accounts, with the objective of providing a combined monetary and time based system of national accounts.
The theoretical framework is provided in Gershuny (2008; under review). Traditional household extension accounts have relied on input methods: time use diaries are used to identify time devoted by households to the various categories of unpaid work, which are then attributed a value. Output methods, in which household consumption events are counted and valued by market equivalents are technically preferable and enable the non-circular estimation of, for example, domestic productivity (the rate of domestic output per hour of unpaid labour). Measurement of such outputs has been an interest of the Office of National Statistics (ONS), and an alternative to estimates of the money value of labour or consumption focuses on the value of the time spent in that labour or consumption activity.
An empirical example using the UK 2000 HETUS survey draws on previous research carried out by the ONS to place a monetary value on the time spent in both formally organized and informal voluntary work. Modelling adjusting for time spent in other activities, it is shown that while median wage rates for formal voluntary work are greater than those for informal helping, the latter is greater in frequency and duration and therefore more economically valuable from the societal perspective. The finding has implications for gender and citizenship issues since it is the highly educated who spend more time on formally organised voluntary work while the less qualified, particularly women, spend more time on extra-household unpaid helping activities (Egerton and Mullen 2008).
Extending this use of time diary data into a comprehensive comparable system of time-based socio-economic accounts (Gershuny 2008) in one of the aims of this research. Time, unlike money, is finite. Since at the societal level the total of work time (including that embodied in exports) must be sufficient to produce (or import) the goods and services required for the society’s consumption time, and since the distribution of occupations in the economy must mirror the pattern of consumption, time use indicators can provide not only measures of labour supply, but also (through consumption) the demand for labour. Thus the society’s time-budget can be used both to summarise all economic activity, and to connect the various sorts of economic activity to unpaid work and to consumption activities. Gershuny 2008 calculates societal- level time-budgets (the 'Great Day') from the UK time use data series from 1961 to 2001, providing evidence of 40 years of change in paid and unpaid work and its relationship to the fulfilment of consumption 'wants'. It is shown that over the period the modality of the 'Great Day' in the UK shifted decisively away from the fulfillment of basic needs to the satisfaction of luxury wants, associated with a growth in high-skilled employment and an overall substitution of unpaid for paid labour.
An assessment of the AHTUS data for the construction of extended National Accounts for the USA also formed part of the development process of the AHTUS data by CTUR (Egerton et al 2005).
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Over the past 18 months, the Digital team has been working with the Food business on an online delivery and collection service. During the crisis and lockdown, there has been an increased demand from shoppers wanting to avoid spending time in physical stores. This means our online growth has accelerated significantly in the last few weeks.
Prioritising user needs, always
As designers and researchers, we know we need to keep the needs of users at the centre of the development process. But it’s particularly important right now – at a time when we’re probably working a bit more quickly and iterating faster than normal – to remind ourselves and stakeholders to keep coming back to user needs.
But how do we keep user needs in the forefront of everyone’s minds? We’ve been looking at ‘behavioural modes’. And although we started this work way before lockdown, it feels very relevant to talk about it now.
Personas = ok(ish)
One technique design teams use to make sure services are user-centred is to create persona documents. These typically describe people segmented by demographics.
For example, Jane is 70 and shops mid-week. Since Jane is an older person, we need to design something that doesn’t rely on technology.
But beware! Demographics become problematic when designing for needs as they introduce biases and assumptions.
At Co-op we have the Insights team and others dedicated to understanding shopper segments – all of which have their own specific purpose and value.
Introducing behavioural modes
Focusing on behaviours rather than personas helps us:
- think about the context that people are in
- think about how decisions are made
- understand that behaviours can be exhibited by anyone at any given time
- design the user experience around different behaviours we’ve seen in research
Researcher Indi Young writes in her 2016 post Describing personas that to understand a user’s world and better meet their need, we must be able to empathise with them. And that creating personas for users is not as conducive to this as insights into their behaviours. She writes:
Cognitive empathy requires not a face, not preferences and demographics, but the underlying reasoning, reactions, and guiding principles. Without these you cannot develop empathy. And if you cannot develop empathy, you cannot wield it — you cannot walk in someone’s shoes.
Early on in the project our researcher Eva Petrova helped the team to develop behavioural modes. They were based on what we learned from a diary study looking at how people make choices and decisions around buying food, planning meals and what influences them. (You can read more detail on the diary study in Eva’s post). We’ve subsequently validated the modes with further research to make sure they still hold true.
Here’s our first attempt at creating posters out of our behavioural modes.
How to communicate behavioural modes
Communicating ideas with everyone who’s involved in the service is challenging at an organisation as big as Co-op.
However, this article by Spotify’s design team describes how they approached a similar challenge to ours:
Representing personas poses a tricky challenge: we want them to be relatable, but they’re not 1:1 matches with real people. Believable human traits and flaws help create empathy with problems and needs. But we don’t want groups to be wrongly excluded based on the characteristics we’ve picked. So finding a balance is a crucial step if we’re to create useful and believable archetypes.
To communicate them, they created an interactive website, shared across Spotify offices through announcements and posters because they “wanted to create fun, playful ways for the teams to incorporate them into their workflows.”
This inspired us. We agreed that to communicate the importance of behavioural modes to the wider teams, we needed to create something that:
- explained what behavioural modes are
- avoided making the behaviours seem prescriptive (or like the personas some stakeholders may be familiar with)
- invited collaboration through wider team’s insights
- is distinct, memorable and visually engaging
- doesn’t stray too far from the Co-op style
We brought them to life
We’re lucky to have user researcher Maisie Platts working with us who – as part of her MA studies – had been investigating different ways of visualising personas as part of a design process.
Together with interaction designer Mehul Patel we set out to bring our behavioural modes to life.
Our first route used robots to personify each mode. Robots can convey expression while avoiding any associations with specific demographic characteristics such as age, gender. Here are Maisie’s initial behavioural mode robot sketches.
In the initial sketches the robots have screens which display something relevant to each behavioural mode.
However, we decided that the message is lost as it’s relatively small. So, we tried combining simplified versions with playful typography to communicate each behaviour instead. For example, ‘Strive for a balance’ takes the form of weighing scales. Here’s how we explored robots and playful typography.
It’s OK to push it too far, you can always pull it back
We felt this first visual route had the potential to alienate the very people we were hoping to share the behavioural modes with. The danger arises from the introducing something different, it’s often the case that the unfamiliarity creates uncertainty and an initial reluctance of people to accept it – it’s only natural, and specially so in the case of radical robots!
Next, we tried an illustrative style that was more of an extension of Co-op’s own internal illustrations. This time we featured only hands to achieve the distance from demographic characteristics, while keeping the connection to the representation of ‘real people’.
After feedback and further iteration, we realised that the illustrations felt flat especially given that we’re trying to communicate behaviours – that is to say; an action, a ‘doing’. We introduced a sense of movement to help to bring them to life. For example, the fingers pulling the ribbon and the stack of foods toppling over.
So here’s where we are now – a much more familiar style.
Before lockdown, we started to print them out as posters and put them up all over the place and to get wider feedback on them. There’s no physical place for that since everyone is remote for the time being, and everyone’s focus has understandably been on reacting to the pandemic.
But here we are, posting them in this digital space.
Each poster has a different behaviour and asks:
- Are there any opportunities for your team to target these behaviours?
- Do you have any insights or data to share that support these behaviours?
Here’s a close up of the reverse.
I extend these questions to you! Speak to ‘Digital design team in Food’ on Teams or post your comment here. We’d like your feedback.
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Pope Francis today announced a toughening up of the miracle approval process for potential saints, ruling that a near unanimous agreement of medical experts was needed and that they cannot be paid for their services in cash.
The latest changes, announced by the Vatican today, state that five out of seven - or four out of six - medical experts must agree that a miraculous cure has taken place while a possible one cannot be assessed more than three times.
Remuneration for the medical advisers, the rules added, should be made only by bank transfer, in an attempt to bring more transparency to the saint-making process which, according to some estimates, costs as much as €500,000.
The banning of cash payments came on the same day the Holy See announced it had signed the United Nations convention against corruption designed to clamp down on bribery, embezzlement and money laundering, in what is another sign of the Pope’s determination to clean up the Vatican.
The process to declare someone a saint has been subject to controversy recently with leaked documents in the latest Vatileaks scandal revealing that millions of euros involved in canonisation causes had been left unaccounted for.
In his book based on leaked Holy See documents, Italian journalist Gianluigi Nuzzi revealed that a commission set up in 2013 by Pope Francis froze the accounts of almost everyone involved in the work of choosing saints including one postulator who had more than €1 million spread out among three Vatican bank accounts.
But today Paloma Ovejero, the Deputy Director of the Vatican Press Office, told journalists that medical experts will be paid a total of €3,760 which works out as just over €500 each for their work in assessing a potentially miraculous cure. Before the group meet two experts undertake preparatory work looking at a case and submit a report. And the president of the group examining the cures can only serve two five-year terms of office.
Catholic reformers have also raised questions about the need for two miracles to be approved by the Vatican in order to declare an individual a saint, with many feeling it unnecessary and theologically dubious.
Countering such views, Archbishop Marcello Bartolucci, the secretary of the Vatican’s saint making department, stressed that the miracles of saints are the "finger of God” and ratify “the human judgment of their holiness.”
He stressed, however, that the process for approving miracles must be robust.
“It is necessary that their study is carried out with serenity, objectivity and competence on the part of highly skilled medical experts,” he wrote in an article in the Vatican newspaper L’Osservatore Romano published today.
An approval of a miracle by medical experts is only one step on the road to sainthood: cures also need to be approved by a panel of theologians and the Pope himself. It has been known for popes to block a cause where a miracle has earlier been approved.
And while the new regulations are sign of greater transparency, they continue to demand the traditional requirement of secrecy for all those involved in assessing miracles.
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Forging a Diagonal Instrument for
the Global Left: The Vessel
Rebecca Álvarez and Christopher Chase-Dunn
Institute for Research on World-Systems
v. 12-5-2018; 9442
Social movements have been important drivers of social change since the Stone Age. They both reproduce and alter social structures and institutions. In this essay, we use the world-systems perspective to examine the possibilities for increasing the cohesiveness and capability of progressive global social movements. The comparative evolutionary world-systems perspective studies the ways that waves of social movements have driven the rise of more complex and more hierarchical human societies over the past millennia. A long-run historical and global perspective is helpful for comprehending the current moment and for devising political strategies that can help mitigate the problems that must be addressed in the 21st century so that humanity can move toward a more just, peaceful and sustainable global future. The contemporary world-system is entering another era like, but also different from, the “age of extremes” that occurred in the first half of the 20th century (Hobsbawm 1994). Devising a helpful political strategy for the Global Left requires that we understand the similarities and differences between the current period and the first half of the 20th century. It also requires that we understand the cultures of the movements and counter-movements that have emerged in the last few decades. The current period is daunting and dangerous, but it is also a period of great opportunity for moving humanity toward a qualitatively different and improved world society.
The Global Social Justice Movement and the World Social Forum Process
The global social justice movement that emerged beginning in the 1990s with the regional successes of the Zapatistas in Southern Mexico formed in response to the neoliberal globalization project. The Pink Tide that followed was the advent of leftist-populist political regimes in most Latin American countries based on movements against the neoliberal structural adjustment programs promoted by the International Monetary Fund (Chase-Dunn et al 2015). In 2001 the World Social Forum (WSF) was founded as a reaction to the exclusivity of the neoliberal World Economic Forum. Its purpose was to provide a global venue for popular progressive movements that were opposed to the neoliberal globalization project. The founding conferences were held in Porto Alegre, Brazil with the support of the Brazilian Workers Party who had just won the presidency under the leadership of Ignacio de Lula Silva, a former auto worker. The WSF adopted the slogan “Another World Is Possible” to counter Margaret Thatcher’s claim that there was no alternative to neoliberal globalization. The WSF held most of its global meetings in the Global South but also sponsored important local and national meetings in all the world regions. This was an important venue for the emerging New Global Left and the global justice movement, but it did not include all of the movements of the Left (see below). It was intended to be a venue for activists from grass roots social movements to collaborate with one another.
The social forum process eventually spread to most regions of the world. Just a few months after the first annual event in 2001, the World Social Forum’s International Council approved a 14-item Charter of Principles. It identified the intended use of the forum space by “groups and movements of civil society that are opposed to neo-liberalism and to domination of the world by capital and any form of imperialism” (World Social Forum Charter of Principles, 2001). The Charter did not permit participation by those who wanted to attend as representatives of organizations that were engaged in or that advocated armed struggle. Nor were governments or political parties supposed to send representatives to the meetings. There was a great emphasis on diversity and on horizontal, as opposed to hierarchical, forms of organization. The use of the Internet for communication and mobilization made it possible for broad coalitions and loosely knit networks of grass roots movement activists to engage in collective action projects.
The participants in the social forum process engaged in a manifesto/charter-writing frenzy as those who sought a more organized approach to confronting global capitalism and neoliberalism attempted to formulate consensual goals and to put workable coalitions together (Wallerstein 2007).
One issue that was debated was whether the World Social Forum should itself formulate a political program and take formal stances on issues. A survey of 625 attendees at the World Social Forum meeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 2005 asked whether the WSF should remain an open space or should take political stances. Almost exactly half of the respondents favored the open space idea (Chase-Dunn, Reese, Herkenrath, Giem, Gutierrez and Kim 2008). Thus, trying to change the WSF Charter to allow for a formal political program would have been very divisive.
But this was deemed not to be necessary. The WSF Charter also encouraged the formation of new political organizations. Those participants who wanted to form new coalitions and organizations were free to act, as long as they did not do so in the name of the WSF as a whole. The Assembly of Social Movements and other groups issued calls for global action and political manifestoes in Social Forum meetings at the both the global and national levels. Meeting in Bamako, Mali in 2006 a group of participants issued a manifesto entitled “the Bamako Appeal” at the beginning of the meeting. The Bamako Appeal was a call for a global united front against neoliberalism and United States neo-imperialism (see Sen et al. 2007). Samir Amin, the famous Marxist economist and co-founder of the world-system perspective (along with Immanuel Wallerstein, Andre Gunder Frank and Giovanni Arrighi), wrote a short paper entitled “Toward a fifth international?” in which he briefly outlined the history of the first four internationals (Amin 2008). Peter Waterman (2006) proposed a “global labor charter.” And a coalition of women’s groups meeting at the World Social Forum produced a feminist global manifesto that tried to overcome divisive North/South issues (Moghadam 2005).
Ultimately, there was an impasse in the global justice movement between those who wanted to move toward a global united front that could mobilize a strong coalition against the powers that be, and those who preferred local prefigurative horizontalist actions and horizontalist network forms of organization that renounce organizational hierarchy and refuse to participate in “normal” political activities such as elections and lobbying. These political stances had been inherited from the anti-authoritarian and anti-bureaucratic New Left movements of the world revolution of 1968. The New Left of 1968 embraced direct democracy, attacked bureaucratic organizations and was resistant to the building of new formal organizations that could act as instruments of revolution (Arrighi, Hopkins and Wallerstein 1989 ). Institutions that had been instruments of revolutionary change and challengers to existing power structures were thought to have become sclerotic defenders of the status quo when they got old. This was understood as an important lesson of the waves of class struggle and decolonization that had occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries. As Arrighi, Hopkins and Wallerstein (1989 : 64) said:
… the class struggle “flows out” into a competitive struggle for state power. As this occurs, the political elites that provide social classes with leadership and organization (even if they sincerely consider themselves “instruments” of the class struggle) usually find that they have to play by the rules of that competition and therefore must attempt to subordinate the class struggle to those rules in order to survive as competitors for state power.
This resistance to institutionalized politics and contention for state power has also been a salient feature of the world revolution taking place today. It is based on a critique of the practices of earlier world revolutions in which labor unions and political parties became bogged down in short-term and self-interested struggles that were seen to have reinforced and reproduced the global capitalism and the interstate system. This rejection of formal organization is reflected in the charter of the World Social Forum as discussed above. And the same elements were strongly present in the Occupy movement as well as in most of the popular revolts of the Arab Spring (Mason 2013).
Paul Mason’s (2013) analysis contended that the social structural basis for horizontalism and anti-formal organization, beyond the disappointment with the outcomes of the struggles carried out by the Old Left, was due to the presence of a large number of middle-class students as activists in the movements. The world revolution of 1968 was led mainly by college students who had emerged on the world stage with the global expansion of higher education since World War II. John W. Meyer (2009) explained the student revolt and the subsequent lowering of the voting age as another extension of citizenship to new and politically unincorporated groups demanding to be included, analogous to the earlier revolts and incorporations of men of no property and women.
Mason pointed out the similarities (and differences) with the world revolution of 1848, in which many the activists were educated but underemployed students. He also argued that the composition of participation in the current world revolution has been heavily composed of highly educated young people who are facing the strong likelihood that they will not be able to find jobs commensurate with their skills and certification levels. Many of these “graduates with no future” have gone into debt to finance their educations, and they are alienated from politics as usual and enraged by the failure of global capitalism to continue the expansion of middle-class jobs. These graduates can be considered part of Standing’s (2014) “precariat,” as they are increasingly forced to participate in the gig economy with little hope of future stable employment. Highly educated young people share an uncertain economic future with poor workers across the globe which could produce a transnational alliance of globalized precariats. Mason also pointed out that the urban poor, especially in the Global South, and workers in the G lobal North whose livelihoods have been attacked by globalization were important elements in the revolts that occurred in the Middle East, Spain, Greece and Turkey. Mason also stressed the importance of the Internet and social media for allowing disaffected young people to organize and coordinate large protests. He sees the “freedom to tweet” as an important element in a new level of individual freedom that has been an important driver of these middle-class graduates who enjoy confronting the powers-that-be in mass demonstrations. This new individual freedom is cited as another reason why the activists in the global justice movement have been reticent to develop their own organizations and to participate in legitimate forms of political activity such as electoral politics.
But Mason and other participant/observers in the global justice movement overemphasize the extent to which the movement has been incoherent regarding goals and shared perspectives. Surveys of attendees at both world-level and national-level Social Forums have found a relatively stable multicentric network of movement themes in which a set of more central movements serve as links to all the movements based the reported identification of activists with movements (Chase-Dunn and Kaneshiro 2009). All the twenty-seven movement themes used in the surveys were connected to the larger network by means of co-activism, so it was a single linked network without subcliques. This multicentric network was quite stable across venues. This suggests that there has been a fairly similar structure of network connections among movements that is global in scope and that the global-level network of movements is also very similar to the network that exists among Social Forum activists from grassroots movements within the U.S. (Chase-Dunn, Fenelon, Hall, Breckenridge-Jackson and Herrera 2019). The central cluster of movement themes to which all the other movements were linked included human rights; anti-racism; environmentalism, feminism, peace/anti-war, anti-corporate and alternative globalization (see Figure 1).
Figure 1: Movement links: the number of affiliations based on active involvement in 27 movement themes from the Social Fora surveys in Nairobi, Atlanta and Detroit
Amory Starr (2000) identified anti-corporate activism as a powerful sentiment that has had wide support among activists of the Global Left. Whereas the Global Left contained both anti-globalizationists who advocated greater local autonomy (Amin 1990 and Bello 2002) as well as those who favored an alternative and more egalitarian form of globalization (Pleyers 2011); the whole issue of anti-globalization has taken a turn with the rise of right wing populism and hypernationalism supported to a great extent by some who were losers in the neoliberal globalization project.
Justice Globalism as a Discourse
An organizational structure that can gain the allegiance of large numbers of activists, especially young ones, will need to consider the culture of the Global Left that has emerged since the World Revolution of 1968. The results of two important studies have empirically studied this culture are reviewed here.
Manfred Steger, James Goodman and Erin K. Wilson (2013) presented the results of a systematic study of the political ideas employed by forty-five NGOs and social movement organizations associated with the International Council of the World Social Forum. Using a modified form of morphological discourse analysis developed by Michael Freeden (2003) for studying political ideologies, Steger, Goodman and Wilson analyzed texts (web sites, press releases and declarations) and conducted interviews to examine the key concepts, secondary concepts and overall coherence of the political ideas expressed by these organizations as proponents of “justice globalism”.
The key concepts of justice globalism extracted by Steger et al (2013: Table 2.1 pp. 28-29) are:
· participatory democracy,
· transformative rather than incremental change,
· equality of access to resources and opportunities,
· social justice,
· universal human rights,
· global solidarity among workers, farmers and marginalized peoples, and
· ecological sustainability
More detailed meanings of each of these concepts have emerged in an on-going dialectical struggle with market globalism (neoliberalism). Steger et al discuss each of these and evaluate how much consensus exists across the forty-five movement organizations they studied. They find a large degree of consensus, but their results also reveal a lot of on-going contestation among the activists in these organizations regarding the definitions and applications of these concepts.
For example, though most of the organizations seem to favor one or another form of participatory democracy, there is awareness of some of the problems produced by an overemphasis on processes of participation and there are on-going debates about forms of representation and delegation.
The important notion of “horizontality” was not examined in detail in the Steger et al study, but it is well-known that “structureless” networks of equal and leaderless individuals have often been preferred over formalized decision-making and hierarchical structures of control.
Some of the organizations studied by Steger et al eschew participation in established electoral processes, while others do not. Steger et al highlight the importance of “multiplicity” as an approach that values diversity rather than trying to find “one size fits all” solutions. They note that the Charter of the World Social Forum values inclusivity and the welcoming and empowerment of marginalized groups. The idea of prefiguration --“building the new society inside the shell of the old,” has found wide support from many important global justice social movement organizations. The Zapatistas, the Occupy activists and many in the environmental movement have engaged in efforts to construct more egalitarian and sustainable local institutions and communities rather than mounting organized challenges to the global and national structures of power. While human rights is a very central movement theme in the movement of movements as shown in Figure 1, the global indigenous movement contests the version of human rights that is enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The indigenistas stress the importance of community rights over the rights of individuals and the idea that “Mother Earth” has rights. And these contentions have been shared by the many activists who sympathize with and identify with indigenous peoples ((Chase-Dunn, Fenelon, Hall, Breckenridge-Jackson and Herrera 2019). The discussion of global solidarity in Steger et al emphasizes the centrality of what Ruth Reitan (2007) has called “altruistic solidarity” – identification with poor and marginalized peoples – without much consideration of solidarity based on common circumstances or identities. Steger et al do, however, mention the important efforts to link groups that are operating at both local and global levels of contention.
Steger et al also designate five central ideological claims that find much consensus among the global justice activists:
These assertions shape many of the policy alternatives proposed by the global justice activists.
The Steger et al. study is a useful example of how to do research on political ideology and it provides valuable evidence about ideational stances and culture of the New Global Left. It and the movement network results summarized above imply that the New Global Left has a degree of coherence that can be the basis of greater articulation.
William Carroll’s (2016) study of global justice transnational alternative policy groups examines the problem of how to build a transnational counter-hegemonic bloc of progressive social forces (Carroll 2016: 23). Carroll’s study examined 16 progressive transnational think-tanks from both the Global North and the Global South. He agrees with the results of the Steger et al study summarized above regarding the discursive content of the global justice movement and notes that the progressive counter-hegemonic think tanks that he has studied have been trying to produce knowledge that is useful for prefigurative social change and a democratic and egalitarian forms of globalization in contrast to the neoliberal globalization project. Carroll critiques localist and anti-organizational approaches and proposes:
counter-hegemonic globalization: “a globally organized project of transformation aimed at replacing the dominant global regime with one that maximizes democratic political control and makes the equitable development of human capabilities and environmental stewardship its priorities (Carroll 2016: 30).
The Steger et al study and Bill Carroll’s research on progressive think-tanks have not produced the last word on the culture of the contemporary Global Left, but they are valuable beginnings. We have been fortunate to have a global forum process as a central venue to study, but some important progressive social movements have been excluded or have excluded themselves from the Social Forum process. Nevertheless, the Social Forums (global, national and local) have provided convenient opportunities for studying progressive activists, but how representative these are of all the progressive forces in world politics remains an important issue.
Arab Spring, Pink Tide and Deglobalization
The global political, economic, and demographic situation has evolved in ways that challenge some of the assumptions that were made during the rise of the global justice movement and that require adjustments in the analyses, strategies, and tactics of progressive social movements. The Arab Spring, the Latin American Pink Tide, the Indignados in Spain, and the rise of New Leftist social media-based parties in Spain (Podemos) Italy and in Greece and the spike in mass protests in 2011 and 2012 were interpreted as the heating up of a world revolution against neoliberal globalization that had started in the late 20th century with the rise of the Zapatistas (Chase-Dunn, Stäbler, Breckenridge-Jackson and Herrera 2014). But the outcomes of some of these movements have brought the tactics of the global justice movement into question. The left-wing Syriza Party, elected in Greece in 2015, was a debacle that was crushed by the European banks and the EU. They doubled down on austerity, threatening to bankrupt the pensioners of Greece unless the Syriza regime agreed to new structural adjustment policies, which it did. This was a case in which another world was possible but did not happen. This disappointment was a poke in the eye of the other new leftist social media parties in Italy and Spain as well as the global justice movement.
The huge spike in global protests in 2011-2012 was followed by a lull and then a renewed intensification of citizen revolts from 2015-2016 (Youngs 2017). The Black Lives Matter movement, the Dakota Access Pipeline protest, the #MeToo movement, the global Women’s Marches and the Antifa rising against neo-fascism show that the World Revolution of 20xx is still happening but that the powers that be have resources that can defeat these mass protests.
The mainly tragic outcomes of the Arab Spring and the decline of the Pink Tide progressive populist regimes in Latin America were bad blows for the global left. The Social Forum process was late in coming to the Middle East and North Africa, but it eventually did arrive. The Arab Spring movements in the Middle East and North Africa were mainly rebellions of progressive students and young people using social media to mobilize mass protests against aging authoritarian regimes. The outcome in Tunisia, where the sequence of protests started, has been fairly good thus far. But the outcomes in Egypt, Syria and Bahrein were disasters (Moghadam 2018). Turkey and Iran should also be added to this list. The mass popular movements calling for democracy were defeated by Islamist movements that were better organized and by military coups and/or outside intervention. In Syria, parts of the movement were able to organize an armed struggle, but this was defeated by the old regime with Russian help. Extremist Muslim fundamentalists took over the fight from progressivists, and the Syrian civil war produced a huge wave of refugees that combined with economic migrants from Africa to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Europe. This added fuel to the already existing populist nationalist movements and political parties in Europe, propelling electoral victories inspired by xenophobic and racist anti-immigrant sentiment. In Iran, the green movement was repressed. In Turkey, Erdogan has prevailed, repressing the popular movement as well as the Kurds. All these developments, except Tunisia, have been major setbacks for the global left.
The replacement of most of the Pink Tide progressive regimes and Latin America by reinvented local neoliberals and/or Trump-like strong men has largely been a consequence of falling prices for agricultural and mineral exports because Chinese demand slackened. The social programs of the leftist populist movements were dependent on their ability to tax and redistribute returns from these exports. But this may also represent an improved new normal for Latin America because almost all earlier transitions involved military coups and violent repression, whereas most of these recent rightward regime transitions have been relatively peaceful and have not involved takeovers by the military or violent repression (at least so far). In Brazil the threat of military rule continues to play a role in politics, but at least so far, the rightward shift has been less violent than it was in earlier regime transitions. Stable parliamentary democracy to have finally arrived in most of Latin America. This is not utopia, but it is progress. Leftists can contend for power again in the next round.
The continuing rise of right-wing populist and neofascist movements and their electoral victories in both the Global North and the Global South have added a new note that is reminiscent of the rise of fascism during the World Revolution of 1917 (Chase-Dunn Dudley and Grimes 2018). This raises the issue of the relationships between movements and counter-movements and the possibility that the instrumentation and articulation of the global left could be driven by the need to combat 21st century fascism. The glorification of strong leaders in the right-wing populist and neo-fascist movements was also seen in the 20th century. But charismatic leaders have also been important in progressive movements in the past. The Democratic Socialists of America (D.S.A.) in some ways seem to be reacting against the “leaderless” ideology of the horizontalists by capitalizing on the extraordinary popularity of their most famous member, Bernie Sanders, currently the most popular politician in the U.S., with 63% public approval. The platform proposed by Sanders incorporates many of the tropes of the New Left and the global justice movement.
Dani Rodrik (2018) has contended that two kinds of populism arose to contest the neoliberal globalization project. In Latin America in the 1980s and the 1990s the structural adjustment policies of the International Monetary Fund that required austerity and privatization were supported by neoliberal national politicians who attacked the labor unions and parties of formal sector workers, but this produced a populist reaction in many countries in which progressive politicians were able to gain election by campaigning against these policies and by mobilizing the residents of the “planet of slums” (Davis 2006)-- the urban informal sector population. This phenomenon was called the “Pink Tide.” Regimes based on left-wing populism emerged in most Latin American countries, and Rodrik rightly sees this as a reaction against the neoliberal globalization project. Right wing populism emerged, and is still emerging, in countries of the Global North in which neoliberal globalization produced deindustrialization and many workers lost their jobs. This occurred in contexts in which it was easier for politicians to blame immigrants and minorities than to point the finger at the big winners of global capitalism – finance capital and transnational corporations. And some of the big winners provided support for the politics of hyper-nationalism, xenophobia, racism and sexism that are the working muscles of right-wing populism and neofascism.
Right-wing populist politicians have exploited cleavages along cultural lines, rallying individuals against foreigners and minorities. Left-wing populist movements, on the other hand tended to garner support based on economic cleavages. They pointed to the wealthy 1% and large corporations as responsible for the economic crises and austerity policies. Thus, the neoliberal globalization project and the crises of late global capitalism have produced increasing political polarization as the context in which the New Global Left needs to reconsider its culture and attitudes toward organizational issues.
Globalization is understood to be two rather different things. Sometimes this word refers to the neoliberal globalization project, collection ideas and policies that emerged in the 1970s and spread across the world. But it also has been used to mean an increase in the degree of integration in the world-system. This is called structural globalization (Chase-Dunn 1999). Long-term quantitative studies show that there have been waves of globalization and deglobalization since the 19th century (Chase-Dunn, Kawano and Brewer 2000). What is usually referred to as globalization has been bumpy upward trend in trade globalization since 1945. Earlier periods of trade deglobalization occurred from 1880 to 1900 and from 1930 to 1945. There was a drop in the measure of trade globalization (the sum of global imports divided by global GDP) in 2008 and then a recovery but this indicator fell from 2012 to 2016 (see Table 1).
Table 1: Trade globalization: sum of global imports divided by global GDP. Source: World Bank 2018
This may indicate that the world-system has entered another period of structural deglobalization, though this in not certain because there have been short-term down-turns before that were followed by recoveries of the upward trend since 1945. If indeed we have entered another period of deglobalization this has implications for political strategies that assumed that structural globalization was going to continue increasing.
There has always been a tension within the global left regarding antiglobalization versus the idea of an alternative progressive form of globalization. Samir Amin (1990) and Waldon Bello (2002) are important socialist advocates of deglobalization and delinking of the Global South from the Global North in order to protect against neo-imperialism and to make possible self-reliant and egalitarian development. Alter-globalization advocates an egalitarian world society that is integrated but without exploitation and domination. The alter-globalization project has been studied and articulated by Geoffrey Pleyers (2011) as an “uneasy convergence” of largely horizontalist autonomous and independent activist groups and more institutionalist actors like intellectuals and NGOs. In our proposal for a way forward for the Global Left we advocate combining horizontalism and capable coordination in an instrument that can support and defend egalitarian projects and communities and struggle effectively against the power of reactionary states and firms.
The unhappy outcome of the Arab Spring, the demise of the Pink Tide, the rise of populist right-wing and neo-fascist movements and parties and the possible arrival of another period of deglobalization are developments that suggest that the global left needs to reexamine its culture and devise strategies that can be more effective in confronting the crises of global capitalism and building a more egalitarian, democratic and sustainable world society.
The Vessel: forging a diagonal instrument for the Global Left
A new discourse has emerged in the past few years regarding possibilities for greater articulation among the movements of the global left and around the ideas of united fronts and popular fronts and new forms of organization. The tendency of progressive social movements to form around single issues and identity politics is increasingly seen as a problem that stands in the way of mobilizing more effectively to both allow people to construct more egalitarian and sustainable projects and communities and to become a significant and consequential player in world politics. This has been recognized and addressed in different ways by both activists and political theorists for the last twenty years. John Sanbonmatsu’s (2004) defense of a global counter-hegemonic project of the Left locates the roots of horizontalism and the celebration of diversity in the rise of the new social movements and postmodern philosophy in the years following the world revolution of 1968. He contends that the post-modern emphasis on differences, inspired by the critical philosophy of Michel Foucault, undercuts the ability of progressive forces to join to struggle for social change. This was a somewhat understandable reaction against Stalinism and the primary focus on taking state power that became the modis operandi of the Old Left. But Neo-Leninists such as Jodi Dean (2012, 2016) have pointed out the limitations of leaderless mass protests as a method for producing political change. Greg Sharzer (2012, 2017) recounts the fate of utopian communities of the past that demonstrate the reincorporation of local projects and communities back in to capitalist business as usual. Samir Amin (2008, 2018) proposed a new communist international that would permit participation from more than one legitimate group per country. Amin’s proposed new international has other features that differentiate it from the Third International, but it seems to remain a hierarchical organization like earlier Leninist vanguard parties.
The World Social Forum held in Salvador, Brazil in 2018 focused on how the Social Forum process could be reinvented to more effectively confront the rise of right-wing forces (Mestrum 2017, 2018). The demise of the U.S. and European Social Forums may mean that the Social Forum process is over. If that is the case the question is: What can replace and improve upon the Social Forum? Given the numerous competing interest groups, all with legitimate claims, the puzzle is how to unite them all, or most, of them in a global social justice movement that does not privilege one interest group above the others. Intersectionality as a theoretical paradigm in sociology can be helpful in identifying the interlocking layers in the matrix of oppression and thusly providing a blueprint for avoiding the reproduction of social hierarchy within such a global social justice movement (hooks 2014). However, intersectional ideology alone cannot serve as a unifying motivator for a global political movement. Political movements need to “name the enemy” (Starr 2000). The global right has been so tremendously effective in large part because it has constructed its own enemies as “the globalists,” “the establishment,” and “immigrants.” A truly successful global social justice movement will need to construct the predations of the transnational corporate class and the neo-fascist Global Right as enemies and to make evident the connections between these enemies and the oppression and exploitation of the majority of the human population of both the Global South and the Global North.
We contend that the anti-organizational ideologies that have been a salient part of the culture of progressive movements since 1968 have been a major fetter restricting the capability of these movements to effectively realize their own goals. But these ideas and sentiments run deep and so any effort to construct organizational forms that can facilitate progressive collective action must be cognizant of this embedded culture. The Internet and social media, allowing cheap and effective mass communications, have been blamed for producing specialized single-issue movements. We suggest that virtual communication can be harnessed to produce more sustained and integrated organizations and effective tools that can be used to contend for power in the streets and institutional halls of the world-system. We also think that the old reformist/revolutionary debate about whether to engage in electoral politics is a fetter on the ability of the global left to effectively contend. We agree that changing the policies of states or taking power in them should not be the only goals of progressive social movements. States are not, and have never been, whole systems. They are organizations that exist in a larger world economy and interstate system. And while they should not be to sole target of progressive movements, their organizational resources can be used to facilitate the building of a postcapitalist global society. The autonomists correctly perceive that dependence on state resources and support, as well as on funding from mainstream foundations, often compromises the integrity and flexibility of social movement organizations in their ability to challenge existing power structures. But the Progressive transnational social movements should be prepared to work with progressive state governments in order to try to change the rules of the global economic order (Evans 2009; 2010). When social movement organizations become part of the problem rather than part of the solution, new less dependent or compromised social movement organizations can take up the struggle.
Progressive transnational social movements should also be willing to work at the local level with city governments to implement progressive goals such as a universal basic income, as these cities can then serve as progressive examples (Wright 2010; Lowrey 2018; Van Parijs and Vanderborght 2017). This includes learning from cities in the Global South and applying lessons learned in the Global North. For instance, a universal basic income has been piloted in the twenty-first century in Kenya and Brazil and is now being introduced in Stockton (California) and Chicago. We agree with Paul Mason (2015) that the anti-utopianism of the Old Left and some in the New Left was somewhat misplaced. Prefiguration is a good idea. Sharing networks, coops, community banks, zero emissions homes, farms and industries are worthwhile endeavors for activists of the global left (Wallerstein 1998). But these local projects need to be linked and coordinated so that they can effectively contend in national and world politics.
The idea of leaderless movements and organizations is an anarchist trope that has been critiqued by both Marxists (Epstein 2001) and feminists (Freeman 1972-73). Political organizations need to have institutionalized procedures for making decisions and ways to hold leadership accountable so that mistakes can be rectified. These requisites are not so important when the world-system is humming along with business as usual, but when systemic crises erupt, and powerful popular right-wing social movements and regimes emerge, leaderlessness becomes an unacceptable luxury. An alternative to Leninist “march-in-line” must be found. While the culture of the contemporary global left usually equates the idea of a political party with vanguard parties or electoral machines, there is a recent literature that argues that new forms of party organization are possible in the age of internet communication (Dean 2012, 2016; Carroll 2015).
Wiki farms facilitate the formation of virtual organizations that combine the merits of open networks with leadership structures (data stewards) that allow groups to collectively author documents and to make group decisions ( ). Horizontalism valorizes leaderlessness and informality, usually paired with consensual decision-making. Horizontalist organizations, also called “self-organization” (Prehofer et al 2005) have several advantages: resilience (you can kill some of them but there is redundancy), flexibility and adaptability, individual entities interact directly with one another, and there is no larger hierarchy that can be disrupted. These desirable characteristics are those that are stressed by advocates of horizontalist networks. But critics of horizontality point out that structurelessness does not prevent the emergence of informal structures among groups of friends, and participants that are not linked to these friendship nets have no mechanisms for regulating the power of the informal networks (Freeman 1972-73).
Diagonalism combines horizontalism with a semi-centralized formal organizational structure that is itself democratic and flexible. A diagonal organization is a complex of horizontally connected individuals, small groups and larger regional organizations with a decision-making structure by which groups can discuss and adopt policies and implement them. Hierarchies are as flat as is possible consistent with organizational capacity and composite groups may report to more than one leadership group. Leadership is rotational and maximizes opportunities for participatory democracy. Organizational bureaucracy is kept to a minimum, but legitimate representatives or delegates from horizontal groups make collective decisions and help to formulate policies and plan actions for the whole organization. Degrees of hierarchy can be flexible depending upon the nature of the task. High stakes, high risk tasks usually require more hierarchy. Local groups can adjust their organizational structures the context and the nature of the task. The Vessel itself should maintain democratic and flexible decision-making and implementation structures.
The Vessel is a diagonal network formed of project affinity groups and local communities that share the results of their experiments and constructions and coordinate with one another for political actions, included mass demonstrations, electoral campaigns and mobilizations of support and contention. Diagonalism links horizontal networks of individuals and groups with a legitimate leadership structure composed of designated delegates who are empowered to carry out the decisions of the organization that appoint them. Delegates make group decisions by means of both consensus and voting. Multiple organizations can represent communities and nations. The Council of the Vessel will be a compromise between horizontal leaderless and hierarchical command structures in which leadership is held by delegated individuals or groups. The Vessel will focus on the articulation of central issues and will formulate visions, strategies and tactics for the global left. It will promote communication and collaboration among transnational, national and local projects. The Vessel should not be a political party in the old sense, but it should be allowed, unlike the World Social Forum, to adopt resolutions and to support candidates and campaigns. It should have a designated structure composed of a chosen facilitating delegate council to coordinate collective decision-making and to deal with problems of security and communications. Existing progressive global organizations should be encouraged to join. Functions of the vessel and member organizations will vary depending upon circumstances, but he vessel level should specialize in the politics of international organizations and global issues, whereas the local, national and world regional organizations can focus on those issues which are salient in their contexts.
The main issues that we think should constitute the focus of the Vessel are:
· Human rights,
· Anti-racism, decolonization, indigenous rights; gender orientation, etc.,
· Climate justice,
· Sharing networks,
· Peace/anti-war alliances,
· Local and city-based progressive grassroots activism,
· Anticorporate transnationalism (tax justice, etc.), and
· Democratic global governance.
The Vessel should also coordinate efforts to combat 21st century fascism and right-wing populism and should encouraged participation with and make alliances (united fronts; popular fronts) with NGOs and political parties that are willing to collaborate with these efforts.
Human rights and anti-racism have been central in the network of movements participating in the social forum process (Figure 1 above) Global Indigenism (Hall and Fenelon 2009; Chase-Dunn et al 2019) has been an increasingly important issue for the global left. The rights of colonized peoples, racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, and people with minority gender and sexual orientations are central to the inclusive concerns of the global left. The climate justice movement is already a collaborative project combining environmentalists with those who focus on the most vulnerable communities (Bond 2012; Foran 2018; Foran, Gray and Grosse 2017). Feminism has been one of the central movements in the social forum network of movements (Moghadam 2018). Sharing networks are a potentially potent tool for organizing postcapitalist institutions that can transform the logic of global capitalism (Mason 2013; Danaher and Gravitz 2017). The peace/antiwar movements need local and national mobilization against militarism (Benjamin 2013) as well as engagement with international governmental organizations in order to prevent the emergence of wars among core states in the coming multipolar world. The existing international political organizations are under attack from right-wing forces. The Vessel needs to advocate the strengthening and democratization of global governance institutions that can help keep the peace as humanity passes through the coming multipolar phase of interimperial rivalry and to move in the direction of an eventual democratic and collectively rational form of global governance. The take back the city movement is an important venue for activists’ fight for social justice in both the Global North (Harvey 2012; Fasenfest 2018) and the Global South (Evans 2002; Davis 2006). Progressive nationalism is an important defensive tactic against the appropriation of nationalism by the right-wing populists and neo-fascists. For example, how could the national economy of the United States be reorganized to produce things needed abroad without destroying the environment and in a fashion that uses the skills of those who have been left out of neoliberal globalization? The deglobalizing world is reinventing nationalism as a response to the crises produced by the neoliberal globalization process. In many cases, this nationalism has verged into neo-fascism. The global left has been resolutely cosmopolitan and internationalist, but how could it engage the rising wave of nationalism to propose more cooperative relations with peoples abroad and with the Global South? The Vessel also needs to provide support help to formulate analyses and strategies for movements at the local and national levels who are fighting against the rise of right-wing authoritarianism and the suppression of progressive popular movements.
Rather than giving way to cynicism and resignation, the global left needs to face up to the setbacks that have occurred and devise a new strategy for moving humanity in a better direction. The next few decades will be chaotic, but the movements and institutions we build can make things better. Whether or not the big calamities all come at once or sequentially, we need to pursue a strategy of “disaster postcapitalism” that plants the seeds of the future during the chaos. It is not the end, just another dark age, and an opportunity for transition to a much better world-system. The vessel can take us there.
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This is an update of an earlier
article that reviewed the sociological literature on coalition formation, the
history of united and popular fronts in the 20th century, and
considered which of the central tendencies of the new global left might be in
contention for providing leadership and integration of the network of
anti-systemic movements that have been participating in the World Social Forum
(Chase-Dunn, Stäbler, Breckenridge-Jackson and Herrera 2014)
Prefigurationism is the idea that small groups can intentionally organize social relations in ways that can provide the seeds of transformation to a more desirable form of future human society. Horizontalism abjures hierarchy in organizations. It is inspired by Robert Michels’s (1968 ) observation that all organizations become conservative because the leadership ends up only trying to defend their own interests and the survival of the organization
World revolutions are named after a symbolic year in which important events occurred that characterize the nature of the constellation of the rebellions designated.
The surveys were conducted at Social Forum meetings in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 2005, Nairobi, Kenya and Atlanta, Georgia in 2007 and Detroit, Michigan in 2010.
Figure 1 displays the network connections for the 27 movement themes using data from Nairobi, Atlanta and Detroit. In order to produce this figure it was necessary to dichotomize the distribution of affiliations because formal network analysis requires it. We use the same cutting point that we have used in earlier studies of the network of movement ties: 1.5 standard deviations above the mean number of affiliations. Using this cutting point results in a figure that indicates that anarchism and the other movement themes in the upper left-hand corner of the figure are below the threshold for showing their connections with the other movements. This happens because these are relatively small movements in terms of numbers of activists and so when we use the mean of the whole distribution as the cutting point the ties are coded as zero because the number of their connections was below the cutting point. This figure is good for showing the relative location of the largest and most central movement themes such as human rights, anti-racism, environmental, fair trade, and anti-corporate and the overall multicentric structure of the movement of movements. But the implication that the movements in the upper left-hand corner were disconnected with the rest of the network is incorrect. All the movement themes had some connections with the larger network.
Prefigurationism is the idea that small groups and communities can intentionally organize social relations in ways that can provide the seeds of transformation to a more desirable form of future human society.
World People's Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth held in Cochabamba, Bolivia in 2010
Some well-known examples are the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, the Third World Forum, the Centre for Civil Society, Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era and Focus on the Global South.
Val Moghadam (2018) shows how gender relations and women's mobilizations prior to the protest outbreaks, along with differences in political institutions, civil society and international influences, explain most of the variance in the different outcomes of the Arab Spring.
The terminology of the world-system perspective divides the Global South into the periphery and the semiperiphery.
This turns out to be an important distinction for comprehending political developments in the Global South. Activists from the semiperiphery have been far more likely to participate in the Social Forum process, and activists from the periphery have been much more critical of international political organizations than those from either the Global North or the semiperiphery (Chase-Dunn et al 2008)
The instrument should be named by those who do the work to create it. Vessel is a suggestion meant to be inclusive and supportive. Others have suggested the Fifth International (Amin 2008) International of Workers and Peoples (Amin 2018) the Postmodern Prince (Gill 2000; Sonbonmatsu 2004) and the World Party (Wagar 1999).
The Amin and Dean versions differ in some respects regarding their notions of agency – Amin was a Third Worldist who saw the workers and peasants of the Global South as the agents of progressive social change that had to be protected from the neo-imperialism of the global core by delinking. Dean is more of a workerist who thinks that organized workers and their leaders can be mobilized to transform global capitalism despite the technological reorganizations and cultural penetrations that have produced the precariats of the era of neoliberal globalization.
We doubt that Mason’s (2015) transitional program to postcapitalism, a global society in which wage labor has been replaced by the provision of free goods produced by networked machines, is a possibility for the next few decades, but we agree that this is a desirable goal for humanity.
A wiki farm is a collection of wikis running on the same web server and sharing one parent wiki engine.
Keith Hayson (2014:48-520) outlines an agenda for building an organizational diagonalism that is intended to produce a useful compromise between anarchistic horizontalism and organizational hierarchy that makes leadership and accountability possible.
In management theory control structures with multiple reporting lines are called matrix organizations (Gottleib 2007)
Digital organizations and the discourse on net governance make new forms of network organizations possible. Organizations need to be able to make decisions. This can be done hierarchically or by means of group voting or discussions, or various combinations of these. The Vessel will recognize both horizontal authority structures and allow subgroups to adopt the structures that they need. Organizations also need to specify their boundaries and protect themselves against those who would like to disrupt them, or worse. These jobs are best done by all active members, but it may be found necessary to delegate security jobs to individuals or subgroups. The best practices can be developed as things progress.
Forging the Vessel should be begun at a meeting held under the auspices of the World Social Forum in 2019.
This is list is a proposal for discussion. The development of a set of central issues should be among the first matters of discussion at the forging meetings.
This is a play on Naomi Klein’s (2007) idea of disaster capitalism.
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Membership: Jan Court, Fred Mace, Art Townes
Purpose: Using the Mole, the trio was to explore the subterranean depths of Earth.
Aliases: "Wanderers" (as called by "subterranean sorcerers")
Affiliations: "Subterranean sorcerers"
Base of Operations: Unidentified city at Earth's core
First Appearance: Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3 (March, 1957)
(Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3 (fb) - BTS) - The subterranean Mole vehicle was built by unrevealed parties for the purpose of learning what lay at the center of the world. Although scientists warned that the Mole would never return from its maiden voyage, three men jumped at the chance to pilot the craft on its seeming "suicide mission," for each had his own reason why he didn't care if he returned:
was a short and homely man who was shunned by society because of his
appearance, but he dreamed of being tall and handsome.
Jan Court was a brilliant but elderly scientist who was cast aside by the world because he was considered to be too old to hire for any jobs.
Fred Mace had lost his beloved wife Evelyn when she died a year earlier, and the heartbroken man felt his life was pointless without her.
The trio climbed aboard the Mole and began their one-way journey to the center of the Earth.
(Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3) - The Mole bored deeper and deeper into the Earth, descending toward the planet's core. Court, Mace, and Townes were surprised when they found their craft had broken through to water and they were caught in an underground river. They drove the Mole out of the water and onto a riverbank, where they were shocked to see daylight, and a city at the Earth's core!
As the trio disembarked from the vehicle, they were approached by an oddly-garbed group of robed men from the city; the subterranean dwellers welcomed the three Mole-men and invited them to their city to eat, drink, and talk. Speaking privately with his fellow explorers, Mace was suspicious and advised that their entire group shouldn't leave, so he suggested that Townes go along with the robed men while he and Court kept watch over the Mole. Townes told his comrades that he'd report back soon, then followed the robed men to their city.
As the day waned into night, Townes hadn't yet returned, and Mace became concerned about Townes' welfare. Looking up at the night "sky," Court was more intrigued by how there could be a visible moon and stars at the center of the Earth... and day and night, for that matter! The elderly scientist concluded that there was something very strange going on (see comments).
The morning came and Townes still hadn't returned, so Court ventured into the city by himself, promising Mace that he'd be back before the next nightfall. But when night came and neither Townes nor Court had returned, Mace became very worried.
The next morning, Townes and Court finally came back, and they were accompanied by some of the robed men. Mace was startled by the strange expressions of contentment on his companions' faces. Although they looked the same, the short and homely Townes was convinced that he was now tall, strong, and handsome, while the elderly Court believed that he was young and virile!
Then Mace at last understood the significance of the strange attire the robed men wore--they were sorcerers! Mace angrily accused the sorcerers of making fools of Court and Townes, because despite their claims, Mace could see with his own eyes that the two men were physically unchanged. Mace tried to urge his spellbound companions to return to the Mole so they could escape, but both refused to accompany him, for they were happy with their new lives below the Earth.
One of the sorcerers informed Mace that they had taught Court and Townes how to alter their perceptions and become what they had been denied on the surface of the world. Then the sorcerer pointed behind Mace...Mace turned and saw what had been denied to him--his deceased wife Evelyn was approaching, and she was very much alive! The sorcerer explained to Mace that a man could use his mind to shape his perceptions, and thus change his world.
Mace embraced his beloved wife in his arms and felt that she was real! Then he turned to his companions--he saw that Townes was a tall and handsome man, and Court was young and virile!
The Mole was abandoned and forgotten as the three happy men followed the sorcerers to their new home in the subterranean city.
Comments: Created by an unidentified writer and John Forte (artist).
Since he was a homely man who was shunned by society, and he was trying to go to the center of the Earth, maybe Art Townes could be considered a prototype for the Mole Man (Harvey Elder @ Fantastic Four I#1).
To create the surface-world conditions at the center of the Earth (e.g. day and night), maybe the "subterranean sorcerers" channeled the illusion powers of Ikonn.
Maybe those sorcerers weren't as benevolent as they claimed to be--Merlin was known for banishing one of his enemies (Tyrannus aka. Romulus Augustulus @ Incredible Hulk I#5) below the Earth, so maybe he had something to do with these "subterranean sorcerers" as well.
And Thank You to MarvellousLuke for his help with the images!
Profile by Ron Fredricks.
Jan Court has no known connections to:
Fred Mace has no known connections to:
Art Townes has no known connections to:
The Mole has no known connections to:
The "subterranean sorcerers" have no known connections to:
A subterranean exploratory vehicle propelled by treads, it had multiple
rotating blades mounted up front which enabled it to bore through the
earth; it was also amphibious.
Townes was short and homely, and all his life he was shunned by society
because of his appearance. He dreamed of being tall and handsome.
Court was an elderly scientist with a brilliant mind whom the world had
cast aside because he was considered too old, and there were no jobs open
for him anywhere. He dreamed of being young and virile again.
A year earlier, Mace had lost his beloved wife Evelyn when she died under
unrevealed circumstances, and the grieving man found his life pointless
When Art Townes, Jan Court, and Fred Mace piloted the Mole to the center
of the Earth, they were surprised to find a subterranean city populated by
Wearing gray robes adorned with stars and crescent moons, they had
knowledge of an occult science understood only by a few men. They
were apparently immortal (...or at least
When Jan Court, Fred Mace, and Art Townes used the Mole to tunnel into
their subterranean world, the sorcerers warmly greeted the three
men. The sorcerers eventually taught the trio how to alter their
lives as they wished to be; as a result, the short and homely Townes
became tall and handsome, the elderly Court became young and virile, and
the widowed Mace was reunited with his beloved wife.
images: (without ads)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p2, pan1 (inside Mole, Jan Court (left), Art Townes (right, at controls), Fred Mace (looking out window))
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p3, pan3 (Fred Mace (left), Jan Court (center), Art Townes (right))
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p3, pan6 (Art Townes and Jan Court claim to be transformed, Fred Mace (right))
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p4, pan6 (Fred Mace reunited with Evelyn, young Jan Court, handsome Art Townes)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p1, pan1 (Mole boring through earth)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p2, pan6 (Mole emerging from subterranean river)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p2, pan3 (Art Townes at controls of Mole)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p1, pan3 (Jan Court)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p1, pan4 (Fred Mace)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p4, pan5 (sorcerers (left); Fred Mace with Evelyn)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p2, pan7 (Townes, Court, and Mace first see subterranean city)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p3, pan4 (outside subterranean city, Mace (right); Court wonders how day and night can occur in Earth's core)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p3, pan1 (Townes, Court and Mace (left) first see robed men approach from subterranean city)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p3, pan2 (three sorcerers speak to Fred Mace)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p4, pan1 (Fred Mace (left) angrily speaks to robed man)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3, p4, pan2 (Fred Mace (left) accuses robed men of being sorcerers)
Journey into Unknown Worlds I#55/3 (March, 1957) - unidentified writer, John Forte (pencils & inks), Stan Goldberg (colors), Stan Lee (editor)
First Posted: 07/31/2018
Last updated: 07/31/2018
Any Additions/Corrections? please let me know.
All other characters mentioned or pictured are ™ and © 1941-2099 Marvel Characters, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
If you like this stuff, you should check out the real thing!
Please visit The Marvel Official Site at: http://www.marvel.com
Special Thanks to http://www.g-mart.com/ for hosting the Appendix, Master List, etc.!
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