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I love teaching lecture courses, but then, when I was a student, I loved taking lecture courses. I was a sucker for lectures from my first day of college, because I was already infatuated with the beauty of words, and a good lecture is nothing if not an art form. Efficient communication it may be, but a lecture can no more be reduced to the delivery of information than a Ferrari can be reduced to fuel injection. A lecture aims at imparting not just what is true but what is beautiful.
But, when it comes to craft and polish, seminars cannot compete with lectures. Nor can they compete with the challenge of keeping an audience’s attention. Meet them halfway, and today’s students will turn off their iPhones and pay attention. – Minding the Campus (via Arts and Letters Daily)
I agree: a well-delivered lecture is a beautiful thing. It’s still a useful tool for disseminating information. Old-fashioned person that I am (and, quite frankly, as a ham that loves to perform) I don’t understand the beating the form takes in educational circles. So faddish, sometimes.
Update: I should have been more clear in my original post. I don’t think lectures superior to seminars, or labs, or on-line courses, or whatever. My introduction to medical school pedagogy – which is very, very recent – has confused me, a bit. Lectures seem a reasonable way to teach groups of students in certain circumstances. I don’t understand the need to make everything everywhere the same because of the latest paper. I am, however, new to the area and may be misunderstanding an awful lot. Pile on in comments if you think that I am!
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North Logan Library Board
A library board of directors is appointed citizens of the city who have control of the expenditures, operation, and care of the library. A library board shall maintain and care for the library; establish policies for its operation; make annual reports to the city governing body on the condition and operation of the library, and provide for the keeping of records required by the State Library Boards. The library board of directors shall make, amend, and repeal rules, not inconsistent with law, for the governing of the library. The library board of directors shall appoint a librarian to have immediate charge of the library. --(paraphrased from the Library Laws of Utah (Utah Code) FY2016: 9-7-402, 9-7-403, 9-7-404, 9-7-405, 9-7-406, 9-7-407)
The North Logan Library Board of Trustees consists of seven North Logan City residents that have been appointed by the Mayor and ratified by the North Logan City Council. Each person is appointed to a three-year term, that may be extended to a consecutive second three-year term if mutually agreeable.
Each calendar year, the Board members themselves conduct an internal election to determine who will serve as Board Chair and Vice-Chair; followed by discussion and deciding upon which specific areas of emphasis that each Board member will be assigned to focus on during the year.
Library Board Meetings
The North Logan Library Board of Trustees meets the monthly.
Library Board Members
Emily Wheeler - Chair - libraryboardchair
Steve Derrick - Chair-elect
Flora Shrode - Secretary
Linda Young - Treasurer
Jenny Lyman - Member
Charlotte Brennand - Member
Janean Huppi - Member
John Bailey - Member
Joni Kartchner - City Council Representative
Board Meeting Minutes and Agenda
Library Policies and Mission Statement
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EL PASO, Texas, May 29, 2015 — The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) has been awarded a $5 million grant from NASA to develop the next generation of rocket engines using liquid methane. The methane-based rocket technology would be used for in-space propulsion and ascent and descent engines for Mars and lunar landers.
Liquid methane, a new form of green propellant, is a promising fuel for spacecraft, according to Professor and Chair of Mechanical Engineering Ahsan Choudhuri, Ph.D., who is the project’s principal investigator.
The development of methane rocket engines is identified as a critically enabling technology in the NASA Space Technology Roadmap. Human-Mars mission architectures point to a liquid oxygen-liquid methane (LO2/CH4) economy utilizing common reactants, created from scavenging the atmosphere and land via In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). Due to the very high cost of getting mass to Mars, it is critical that the destination vehicles (e.g. landers) be very mass and volume efficient.
The research will be led by UTEP’s NASA-funded Center for Space Exploration and Technology Research (cSETR), which is directed by Choudhuri. The total project cost is $9.3 million, which includes industry and institutional commitments of $4.3 million to continue to build an enduring aerospace research capacity at UTEP.
UTEP is one of four Hispanic-serving institutions nationwide to receive a grant under NASA’s Minority University Research and Education Project (MUREP). Ten total recipients were selected from 76 proposals after rigorous peer review by education and technical experts. Other HSI recipients include the University of California, Riverside; the University of California, Merced; and California State University, Los Angeles.
UTEP’s cSETR has forged strategic partnerships with NASA Johnson Space Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Glenn Research Center, White Sands Test Facility, Lockheed Martin Corp., Blue Origin, Orbital ATK, University of Maryland and Princeton University to pursue its technical and educational goals.
“The cSETR’s experienced and focused research activities in liquid oxygen-liquid methane propulsion have notably benefitted the Johnson Space Center engineering team in efforts to develop and demonstrate integrated liquid oxygen-liquid methane spacecraft solutions with relevance to human space flight,” said Lauri N. Hansen, the director of engineering of NASA’s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
“We consider the UTEP cSETR to be an excellent feeder organization for our Propulsion Systems Department,” Christopher E. Singer, the engineering director of NASA’s George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, highlighted in his letter of endorsement. “Dr. Chourdhuri’s students are regularly among the top performers we get through the co-op and intern programs, and we have been fortunate to hire several upon graduation.”
cSETR will focus on training 35 undergraduate and graduate students per year in space engineering education and research to increase the number of STEM degrees awarded, especially for underrepresented groups. The cSETR team also will partner with Savannah State University and Southern Arkansas University to create a student pipeline for UTEP engineering graduate programs.
“Our relationship with NASA has been extremely beneficial to our faculty and students, and so we look forward to expanding those opportunities at a national scale with NASA and cSETR’s other partners,” said UTEP College of Engineering Dean Richard Schoephoerster, Ph.D. “But we also believe this will have a huge impact locally as the research is getting to the stage of commercial implementation. I anticipate significant technology transfer and spin-off companies coming out of cSETR over the next five to 10 years, which will help to support the region’s interest in attracting aerospace and commercial space flight jobs.”
“Over the last five years, UTEP rocket propulsion research infrastructure has grown exponentially,” Choudhuri said. “This grant attests to the national preeminence of cSETR’s research and education programs. There is already a significant interest to utilize this region for commercial space exploration purposes, and we are placing ourselves as the strategic lead for propulsion research capabilities in the area.”
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I recently contributed to Political Propaganda, Advertising, and Public Relations: Emerging Research and Opportunities (IGI Publications, 2019). The abstract for the chapter is as follows: Social media and 21st century mass communication have changed the technological landscape of marketing and advertising, enabling instant content creation, content curation, and audience feedback. The thought of Edward Bernays can be useful in examining and interrogating today's media, especially through the lens of Frankfurt School social theorists Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. Further, the works
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|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|
|미국특허분류(USC)||296/32 ; 280/4718|
|발명자 / 주소|
|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 14 인용 특허 : 0|
A wheelbarrow side wall extension apparatus (10) for attachment to a wheelbarrow (12) is disclosed herein. The apparatus (10) includes a flexible barrier (14) coupled between an upper rail (26) and a lower rail (28), the lower rail (28) being configured for coupling to the rim (36) of a wheelbarrow bin (12). A plurality of vertical support members (42) coupled between the upper rail (26) and the lower rail (28) rail add structural integrity to the apparatus (10). Each support member (42) is coupled to a corresponding reinforcement bracket (48) which prov...
An apparatus for increasing the storage capacity of a wheelbarrow bin, comprising: (a) a flexible barrier; (b) an elongated lower rail, said lower rail having a lengthwise shape substantially conforming to the lengthwise shape of a wheelbarrow rim; (c) an elongated upper rail, said upper rail having a lengthwise shape substantially conforming to the lengthwise shape of said wheelbarrow rim; (d) said upper and lower rails aligned in a substantially parallel orientation in relation to each other; (e) said flexible barrier supported between said upper and l...
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/srch/selectPORSrchPatent.do?cn=USP1994125374095&dbt=USPA
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Word play: The best (and worst) terms for older people
The term "golden ager" might get you a black eye, according to a recent poll conducted by National Public Radio (NPR). In examining the changing nature of terminology, NPR correspondent Ina Jaffe, who covers issues related to aging, has discovered plenty of terms that people despise—and very few terms that they like—when used to describe people over 65.
In an audio interview, NPR spoke with Jaffe about the reactions she got from the more than 2,700 respondents to the poll. Which terms are falling out of favor? Hint: Most of the ones you use every day.
The term "older adults" was voted the most acceptable term, but not exactly by a landslide—less than half of respondents chose this as the best term, although no other term topped it in the poll.
About one-third of respondents identified positively with the word "elder," saying it seemed "the most respectful," Jaffe said. But the term "elderly" got a vehemently negative response from many, who identified the term as denegrating because of its overtones of frailty and incapability.
Is the word "senior" still safe? Yes, Jaffe learned; but don't even think about using "senior citizen"—a term that only 12 percent of respondents found acceptable.
The most abhored terms among respondents included "geriatric," "elderly," "golden ager," and "the golden years," Jaffe said. Even newly crafted terms like "successful aging" and "positive aging" received relatively poor marks.
Unfortunately, there’s a distinct lack of words deemed as acceptable replacements, Jaffe noted. "We’ve discarded so many terms for aging people, there’s not much of a vocabulary that reflects the way older people live now."
The trends Jaffe found are reflective of the monumentous culture changes taking place within the long-term care field, among residents, providers, caregivers and environment designers alike. Terms like "active aging," "senior housing" and "elder care" are prompting plenty of eye-rolling across the industry, as reflected by presentations at recent Environments for Aging (EFA) conferences.
"I hate the term 'aging in place.' It sounds like a potted plant," remarked Maria B. Dwight, president and CEO, Geronotologist Services, Inc., in her 2013 EFA presentation. "I want to talk about aging in every place."
Even the term "continuing care retirement community" (CCRC) is currently being re-evaluated, fueled by the changing consumer expectations of the types of services offered at such communities—and residents' rejection of the implications inferred by the words "retirement" and "continuing care," noted LeadingAge President and CEO Larry Minnix in an interview with Long-Term Living's Lois Bowers. Meanwhile, organizations of all types are debating whether to use the term "resident," "consumer" or "client."
The impact of the baby boomers is changing the relevance of plenty of terms, too, NPR's Jaffe noted. As other national data have revealed, "Nearly three-quarters of baby boomers plan to continue working during their so-called retirement years, which may means that the word retirement is also on its way out," Jaffe said. "The point is, we’re getting rid of a lot of these traditional terms for aging, but we haven’t come up with anything to replace them that reflects what life is like now."
Listen to the NPR audiocast here.
Pamela Tabar was editor-in-chief of I Advance Senior Care from 2013-2018. She has worked as a writer and editor for healthcare business media since 1998, including as News Editor of Healthcare Informatics. She has a master’s degree in journalism from Kent State University and a master’s degree in English from the University of York, England.
Topics: Articles , Executive Leadership , Leadership
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https://www.iadvanceseniorcare.com/word-play-the-best-and-worst-terms-for-older-people/
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Last Updated on December 9, 2015, 9:12 pm ET
On December 9, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, a case involving the University of Texas (UT) admissions process which seeks to improve student-body diversity. The Association of Research Libraries joined with 37 other higher education organizations in an amicus brief supporting the University of Texas. A number of notable individuals attended oral arguments in the case, including Cecelia Suyat, the wife of the late Thurgood Marshall.
This case was previously heard by the Supreme Court which resulted in a 2013 opinion which in a 7-1 vote (Justice Kagan recused herself), remanded the case to the Fifth Circuit. In Fisher I, the Supreme Court directed the Fifth Circuit to reconsider the case under the higher threshold of strict scrutiny in determining whether UT’s admission policy comports with the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. On remand, the Fifth Circuit once again upheld UT’s admission policy in which UT accepts the top 10% of graduates from Texas high schools and uses a holistic review for the remaining open spots. The holistic approach includes many factors, with race being one of the factors. The admissions process did not have quotas or specific goals in terms of the number of students meeting specific characteristics.
Highlights from Oral Arguments in Fisher II
Oral Arguments by Fisher
During oral arguments in Fisher II, Mr. Rein, representing plaintiff Fisher, argued that the University of Texas did not meet its burden of proving the necessity of the program and that its admission policy was distinguishable from the policy that the Supreme Court upheld in Grutter v. Bollinger (challenging University of Michigan’s law school’s admission policy) in 2003.
Justice Sotomayor challenged Mr. Rein, asking why the University of Texas’ admissions policy was impermissible if need for the program was proven or assumed. Mr. Rein asserted that individual profiles must be compared against each other to satisfy prior Supreme Court cases.
JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR: If they had to use race, how are they using it improperly?
MR. REIN: If you have to use race and you want to use the model that was created in Bakke and Grutter, you would need to build profiles of individuals that would allow you to judge them one against another in the context of the class and the educational experience you are trying to create.
JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR: My God, that sounds like it’s using race more rather than less than this plan does.
MR. REIN: I - I’m sorry if it sounds that way. It is not. It simply says, in a situation of the Bakke situation where you’re looking at every aspect of an individual and you’re trying to judge whether one or another of individuals for the for places, the last places would most benefit the class, the class as a whole as a learning entity, then you can, as Bakke indicates, take account of the fact that they may have different backgrounds, which would contribute different ideas.
Justice Ginsburg asserted that the top 10% policy, which Fisher was not challenging, was designed to improve racial diversity as well:
JUSTICE GINSBURG: But in Grutter in both Grutter and what Justice Powell said would be proper in Bakke, race was a factor. Race, itself, was a factor. And that’s why I’m finding it very hard to distinguish what the university is doing, apart from the 10 percent plan. But let – let me ask you about the 10 percent plan itself, because it seems to me that that is so obviously driven by one thing only, and that thing is race. It’s totally dependent upon having racially segregated neighborhoods, racially segregated schools, and it operates as a disincentive for a minority student to step out of that segregated community and attempt to get an integrated education.
MR. REIN: Justice Ginsburg, let - let me respond to this, with respect, this this way. The top 10 plan does not classify anybody by race. It addresses only standing within the Texas educational system.
JUSTICE GINSBURG: But it could work only in the background.
MR. REIN: When you say “work,” it works on a number of fronts. It creates geographic diversity. It looks all over Texas. It doesn’t distinguish between high schools. It creates socioeconomic diversity. It does have an effect, a demonstrated effect on race because a number of minorities, the type they care about, are admitted under the top 10 program. It’s not based on race. It’s based on the degree of effort you make relative to the other people with whom you’re being -
JUSTICE GINSBURG: It is created because of race.
MR. REIN: I I’m not in a position to tell you why it was created. It it was created
JUSTICE GINSBURG: Is there any doubt that it was created to increase the number of minority students? Was there any other reason for the 10 percent plan?
MR. REIN: Well, I’ve given you other reasons, which are it’s a it’s kind of a democratic recognition that you want to invite people from all over Texas, regardless of the school they went to. You’re looking for those who are trying the hardest, who are doing the best, who excel in their environment.
When questioned about what would constitute sufficiently concrete criteria to achieve diversity, Mr. Rein conceded that it is difficult but did not offer specific solutions:
JUSTICE KENNEDY: You argue that the University of Texas’ goals and or announced goals are insufficiently concrete. Can you give an example of what, in your view, would be a sufficiently concrete criterion or set of criteria to achieve diversity?
MR. REIN: Well, and and certainly, the Solicitor General’s attempted to do so by breaking down the abstract goals into concrete objectives. One goal that certainly Grutter respects is, if you have studied your campus and you believe there’s an inadequate exchange of views, and the minorities feel so isolated they cannot properly bring to bear their perspective on the campus, you can look at measures of how successful are we in this kind of dialogue and try to investigate that, and try to say, okay, is there a level you know, when do we reach a level of critical mass, which is the term in Grutter, where that exchange is vibrant and is taking place on our campus. That’s one measure.
CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: Well, but I don’t understand. How do you do that?
MR. REIN: It’s not easy to do, and it’s not our job to do it. I mean, we’re not here to tell them how to do it, but your if one wanted to endeavor to try to find this kind of concrete level, we’re not saying quota, but we are saying you have to - you, the university, if you want to use this forbidden tool, this odious classification, you’ve got to find a way to do it. You’ve got to be able to explain what your concrete objective is.
Justices Sotomayor and Breyer discussed how administrators, faculty and students may raise issues highlighting the need for improved diversity on campus.
JUSTICE SOTOMAYOR: You’re saying we can’t they can’t use demographics. So they use a study that shows there’s less classes. There’s less people in classes. They talk to administrators, faculty, and students. They’re having racial incidents on campus where students of color are complaining that they feel isolated, that stereotyping is going on, on campus. What more do they need?
MR. REIN: Let me start with your first concern, which is this classroom study. First thing I would observe about that if I were in their position, and I’m not, is that the second study was done at a time when there were more minorities admitted than the first study, and they claimed it went backwards. So that might tell me right away that the problem the necessity for using race could not be demonstrated for that, because when you
JUSTICE BREYER: Yeah. Because the - the necessity is not the necessity you’re talking about. It’s the – as I read it. I mean, you use words like “critical mass” and so forth. It sounds like a cloud of sort of you don’t know what they’re talking, but as I read further into it, it becomes quite specific, that is, 75 percent of the students are at this university because they were in the top 10 percent of their class. And it doesn’t take long before students and faculty in particular situations know who is who. 25 percent of the students in that class are admitted; they’re good students, not in the top 10 percent on the basis of leadership, activities, awards, work experience, community service, family’s economic statutes, school status, family responsibilities, singleparent home, languages other than English spoken at home, SAT score relative to school’s average and race occasionally, too.
Okay? We’re talking about that 25 percent. And it won’t take long before students in a class see that in that 25 percent, which means you aren’t just in the top 10 percent of your class, in that 25 percent there is hardly anybody who is African American or Hispanic. And the - and seven years of experience with that kind of thing led the faculty at meetings, administrators, and others to say, we should do more to see that that 25 percent has occasionally somebody who is a minority.
[. . .]
That’s what their program is. It isn’t something like critical mass, et cetera. And and and if you have to say, it seems to me, why is that not a diversity-related judgment of what is necessary?
MR. REIN: So, Justice Breyer, let me answer that. First of all, one thing your question establishes quite clearly is if one assumes premises from evidence that doesn’t exist, you can draw conclusions that are perhaps invalid. So let me go back to to where you started. You say these people are admitted on the basis of the various PAI [Personal Achievement Index] factors, which you read. That’s not how they’re admitted. That PAI is only part of the admissions criteria . . . And it’s not truly holistic because in the holistic systems, you look at the person as a whole. Here you could have the most wonderful PAI and never come close to admission, because they use the AI [Academic Index] independently. So they’re not admitted
JUSTICE BREYER: Every school is like that. Every school in the country that’s a college that I’ve ever experienced is a combination of grades, class position, and a lot of other things.Welcome to EditPad.org – your online plain text editor. Enter or paste your text here. To download and save it, click on the button below.
Justice Kennedy seemed interested in the possibility of remanding the case to the District Court level and questioned Mr. Rein’s opposition to remand. Justice Scalia, however, opposed remand to the District Court, arguing that the University of Texas is not entitled to a second chance to develop the record.
JUSTICE KENNEDY: May I begin with almost a procedural point: Did you object to the University’s request that this case be remanded to the district court?
MR. REIN: We did in in the Fifth Circuit.
JUSTICE KENNEDY: In the Fifth Circuit. It does seem to me, as Justice Alito’s question, and frankly some of the other questions have indicated, that the litigants, and frankly this Court, have been denied the advantage and the perspective that would be gained if there would be additional factfinding under the instructions that Fisher sought to give. And that just we’re just arguing the same case . . . It’s as if nothing had happened . . . it seems to me that Justice Alito’s question indicates that this is the kind of thing that we should know but we don’t know.
MR. REIN: Well, let - let me point out that the the purpose of strict scrutiny is not just to adjudicate. It is to instruct the University that before you use the odious classification, before you employ race, you ought to know these things. If you’re going to depend on them, you ought to study them and know them. So the failure to do that so there is no evidence is not just because they didn’t put it in
JUSTICE KENNEDY: But they weren’t given the chance to add additional evidence in order to meet that standard.
MR. REIN: Well, they can’t go back and recreate the past. They can’t they have put in all the evidence available to them about
JUSTICE KENNEDY: But they could answer some of the questions as like the ones Justice Alito added. And I think it’s a very important point.
MR. REIN: They could - I mean, but they’d have to go back and study the conditions at the time they made the decision. And I think that the failure to do that kind of thing indicates that the retreat to race was reflexive; was done on the day Grutter came down.
JUSTICE SCALIA: Not only that. Also the failure to put it in. It was their burden to put it in, wasn’t it? . . . So we’re going to say, oh, they failed to put it in. Let’s give them another chance. Let’s do a do-over. Send it back down so they can now put in what they should have put in in order to prevail the first time around.
MR. REIN: And that I - I entirely agree with that. And in in fairness, they knew that the standard was strict scrutiny. Grutter had said strict scrutiny. Bakke said strict scrutiny. It was no surprise. And Justice Alito, more directly, the evidence we did find in the record indicated that where the most selective schools were concerned, which would then lead you to the smaller classes, more of the top ten minorities enrolled in that than the added minorities that they derived
JUSTICE ALITO: Well, the issue in this case is not whether the University can have holistic review . . . The issue is whether they can have as a component of holistic review after they have taken into account other characteristics that are not dependent on race; they can add race as an additional characteristic. And so if it were is there would there be any way of determining, if there were a remand, which of the non-top 10 admittees were admitted solely because of race? In other words, these students would not have been admitted taking into account leadership and family, education and socioeconomic background and hardship and everything else.
Mr. Rein asserted that the holistic review using race as a factor produced only a marginal increase in diversity. When Justice Sotomayor disputed this point pointing out to a larger rate of admissions offers granted to minority students, Mr. Rein argued that the University of Texas has not fully measured the effect of using race as a factor.
Justice Sotomayor raised the concern that “If you’re reading proof a compelling need . . . will any holistic review ever survive? Because as I’m reading your answer, to narrowly tailor, schools have to use nonracial means of doing it. And if the 10 percent plan is the only thing that achieves a greater number of minorities, won’t every school have to use a 10 percent plan?”
Justices Breyer and Ginsburg then questioned Mr. Rein on his views on how race could be used as a factor in the holistic approach.
JUSTICE BREYER: No, but that’s exactly the question, I think. I would = I can put the same question or suppose we do send it back to the district court and, put in more evidence, we tell them. Suppose we did that. And suppose they start with the basic plan where we want to use race is in the 25 percent of the holistic area. We want to do that. Now, they’re using the chart and I’ve seen the chart of the factors that are one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve. You know, using that chart. I’ve seen the chart. And at the bottom of the chart in my list is the word “race.” It says “race,” r-a-c-e. Okay? What kind of evidence, in your opinion, could they or anyone else with any roughly similar plan put in that would show, in your view, that this is constitutional?
MR. REIN: Well, I mean, you have the example of Justice Powell’s opinion in Bakke. And that says that if you’re looking at the whole person and you’re comparing individuals one to another to say who will best suit the educational need of the class, then you take account of a person’s race. It’s part of the - the exercise . . .[. . .]
JUSTICE BREYER: What you’re saying is you should look at the two folders, and as a kind of tiebreaker, use race. That, to you, is okay. Now, is there you said there is several others? It would be helpful if you if you can summarize them in a sentence, so I get an idea of what the others are.
MR. REIN: You could you could give more emphasis to the socioeconomic factors in the school.
JUSTICE BREYER: That’s not to use race. I’m saying r-a-c-e, race. I want to know which are the things they could do that, in your view, would be okay. Because I’m really trying to find out. Not fatal in fact, we’ve said. Okay? Not fatal in fact. Fine. What are the things, in your view, that they could do so it is not fatal in fact?
MR. REIN: And what I’ve said first is they could shape their system more toward the Bakke system, and move toward individualized consideration. That’s one thing. That’s not fatal in fact, because this Court endorsed the the view that Justice Powell took of the Harvard system in Bakke. So that’s one. They could expand the top 10. That’s another alternative. That’s that’s available. They could, as I said, they could re-score some of this
JUSTICE GINSBURG: But the top 10, you said it doesn’t use race. Justice Breyer is asking, you say yes, race can be a factor. It was a factor in Bakke. It was a factor in Grutter. And so far, you’re saying that now it can be a factor only if what? I mean, we’re not talking about so-called neutral factors. We’re talking about -
MR. REIN: Well, I mean, the first question is, you know, why are you using it? The why. Therefore, it can be a factor. You have to clarify the objective, you have to show the necessity, and you have to show that, if you, as as they do, live with and accept, over time, a very small increment in a very small segment of the class, that you can’t get it done any other way . . . Because race is not the baseline. It’s an odious classification. That’s where we differ.
As Mr. Rein’s time expired, Justice Ginsburg questioned what relief the plaintiff, Ms. Fisher, was seeking. She pointed out that injunctive relief was not possible due to the fact that Ms. Fisher graduated from another institution already and that there was no class action. Mr. Rein indicated that they would seek damages, including a refund of Ms. Fisher’s admission fees.
Oral Arguments by the University of Texas
Mr. Garre represented UT and opened his argument by summarizing that the record supports a need for the holistic plan, that the holistic policy has had a meaningful impact on diversity, and that the policy did not adopt a quota.
Justice Alito questioned how many students were admitted with race as a factor who would not have otherwise been admitted. He also raised concerns that requiring a holistic review raised stereotyping issues regarding minority students admitted under the top 10% policy.
JUSTICE ALITO: Well, on that point, can you determine which of the holistic admittees would not have been admitted if race was not added to the to the determination?
MR. GARRE: Okay. This goes to the meaningful impact point, and I think there are several ways to address it, Justice Alito. First, what you can do is you can look in the increase in African-American and Hispanic holistic admissions after the consideration of race was added. And what you find is, is that in each year, 2005, 2006, 2007, the percentage of African-American and Hispanics admitted and enrolled under the holistic plan grew. In fact, there was a 70 percent -
JUSTICE ALITO: That’s not really my question. My question was if you look at an individual person, can you tell whether that person was admitted because solely because of race? Whether that person would not have been admitted were it not for the fact that the person was an African-American or Hispanic?
MR. GARRE: Your Honor, I think, given the contextualized and individualized nature of that inquiry, that’s going to be difficult. But I think the record nevertheless answers your question because you can show a marked increase in diversity under the plan at issue. I just I’ve just explained to you how the record confirms that holistic admissions of African-Americans and Hispanics increased markedly in each year. If you look at student body diversity overall, African-American enrollment increased by two, doubled from 2002 to 2008 from about 3 percent to about 6 percent.
JUSTICE ALITO: What one of the things I find troubling about your argument is the suggestion that there is something deficient about the African-American students and the Hispanic students who are admitted under the top 10 percent plan. They’re not dynamic. They’re not leaders. They’re not change agents. And I don’t know what the basis for that is . . . It’s really it’s based on a terrible stereotyping that . . . What is the basis for that?
MR. GARRE: It’s exactly the opposite. This Court has said time and again that you can’t assume that minorities think alike just because they have the same skin color. What the University of Texas does is it considers it takes into account the fact that people who come from different experiences, different backgrounds are going to have different contributions to the class. If you had the situation where all the out-of-State admits or most of the out-ofState admits were coming predominantly from western States, then the University of Texas and any university would try to get out-of-State admits from other parts of the country because it would want the both perspectives. . . What stereotyping, Your Honor, is saying, that just because you get a sufficient number of blacks or Hispanics under the 10 percent plan means that you can’t look at the class holistically and say, we’re not getting a variety of perspectives among African-Americans or Hispanics.
JUSTICE ALITO: Yeah. But what is the basis for saying that? That’s what I don’t understand. It’s kind of the assumption that if the - if a student - if a black student or a Hispanic student is admitted as part of the top 10 percent plan, it has to be because that student didn’t have to compete against very many whites and - and Asians. In - in the high school class, it’s a really pernicious stereotype.
MR. GARRE: It’s it’s not a stereotype at all, Your Honor. It’s based on the undeniable fact about the manner in which the top 10 percent plan operates. The Top 10 Percent Law was enacted in response to Hopwood, and there’s nothing there’s no challenge to the law in this case that admits many well-deserving students. But the fact is, is that - that the way that the Top 10 Percent Law admits minority students is by admitting those students from the lowerperforming, racially identifiable schools. And the way the reason we know that is because if you look at the bill analysis decided by Justice Ginsburg in her descent the last time we were here, that analysis specifically says on page 4, “Because of the persistence of segregation in this State, minority students will be admitted under the top 10 percent plan.”
JUSTICE ALITO: I don’t doubt that that is one of the things that it does, and I would have thought that that would be something that you would regard as beneficial . . . Wasn’t that the - the reason for adopting affirmative action in the first place because there are people who have been severely disadvantaged through discrimination and and lack of wealth, and they should be given a benefit in admission . . . but that’s one - one of the things that it does, but it’s not the only thing that it does.
MR. GARRE: Your Honor, the University of Texas applauds those students. It wants those students. Those students are admitted through holistic review as well. Nevertheless, the University can look at an incoming class and determine that not all the perspectives among a particular class of students is being represented. This is straight out of the Harvard plan in Bakke.
In defending the need for the policy, Mr. Garre pointed out that UT was pursuing educational benefits of diversity that have been recognized by the Supreme Court. UT also noted that the top-10 percent plan was compromising its educational objectives. Additionally, UT found that there was a decrease in student body diversity under race-neutral policies and that it therefore needed to change its policies to improve diversity. Mr. Garre noted that in reviewing the policy, UT looks to “classroom diversity. We look at feedback from students; from faculty . . .the racial climate, including incidents.”
Chief Justice Roberts pointed out that the Court in Grutter opined that the type of policies at issue would only be needed for the next 25 years, but that 12 years had already passed since the Court’s decision. He asked Mr. Garre when UT would no longer need such policies:
CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: Well, you’re talking about the time Grutter said that we did not expect these sort of programs to be around in 25 years, and that was 12 - 12 years ago. Are are we going to hit the deadline? Is this going to be done on in your view in 12 years?
MR. GARRE: Your Honor, I’m not here to give you a date, but what I would say is this: There are systematic problems that these problems that these policies are attempting to address, including the test score gap between between AfricanAmericans and Hispanics. And and the record in this case overwhelmingly shows that without the addition of race, student body diversity suffered, particularly among
CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS: I understand. I don’t know whether that’s a yes or no. But it was important in the Grutter court that these were a temporary as necessary, temporary expedience because we’re talking about giving you the extraordinary power to consider race in making important decisions. And we don’t do that as a matter of . . . course. And so it was important in Grutter to say, look, this can’t go on forever, 25 years. And when do you think your program will be done?
MR. GARRE: Your Honor, as soon as we - we can achieve the same sufficient numbers for the educational benefits of diversity without taking race into account, we will no longer take race into account.
In further advancing his argument for the need to use race as a factor, Mr. Garre pointed out to the small number of African-American students enrolled under a race-neutral approach. He also noted evidence then that “90 percent of our classrooms of the most common size was zero or one African-American.” Chief Justice Roberts, however, interjected, questioning the value of racial diversity in a physics class. Justice Scalia asserted that the Court has not accepted the need for diversity in a class-by-class basis.
Justice Kennedy returned to the possibility of remand to the district court and asked what evidence UT would have submitted to supplement the record. Mr. Garre suggested they would have put in additional evidence regarding standing and could also supplement the record as to how those admitted through the holistic approach contributed meaningfully to the student body. Ultimately, Justice Kennedy suggested that “if you had a remand, you would not have put in much different or much more evidence than we have in the record right now.” Mr. Garre disputed this characterization and pointed out that the record was only based on the motion for summary judgment and did not include a full trial.
Justice Scalia asserted that diversity may not serve minority students well:
JUSTICE SCALIA: There are – there are those who contend that it does not benefit African-Americans to get them into the University of Texas where they do not do well, as opposed to having them go to a less-advanced school, a less slower-track school where they do well. One of the briefs pointed out that – that most of the black scientists in this country don’t come from schools like the University of Texas . . . They come from lesser schools where they do not feel that they’re that – they’re being pushed ahead in – in classes that are too fast for them. I’m just not impressed by the fact that the University of Texas may have fewer. Maybe it ought to have fewer. And maybe some – you now, when you take more, the number of blacks, really competent blacks admitted to lesser schools, turns out to be less. And – and I- I don’t think it – it stands to reason that it’s a a good thing for the University of Texas to admit as many blacks as possible. I just don’t think –
MR. GARRE: This Court heard and rejected that argument, with respect, Justice Scalia, in the Grutter case . . . If you look at the academic performance of holistic minority admits versus the top 10 percent admits, over time, they fare better. And, frankly, I don’t think the solution to the problems with student body diversity can be to set up a system in which not only are minorities going to separate schools, they’re going to inferior schools. I think what experience shows, at Texas, California and Michigan, is that now is not the time and this is not the case to roll back student body diversity in America.
Oral Arguments by Amicus Curiae the United States of America
Solicitor General Verrilli argued on behalf of the United States and pointed to a compelling interest in improving diversity. He noted that “the University has got to articulate a reasoned, principled explanation for its decision to consider the educational benefits of diversity in a matter that this Court has found to be constitutional and substantial. The University of Texas has met that standard, has articulated exactly the same educational benefits of diversity at exactly the same level of specificity that this Court held constituted a compelling interest in the Grutter case at page 330. It’s exactly the same.”
Justice Breyer asked whether sending the case back for more evidence for the record might be beneficial. General Verrilli responded that the record seemed complete for the purpose of affirming the case, but that “if there is doubt, I do think the additional kind of information that might be developed in this case would be to look at the kinds of questions that the Chief Justice was actually asking about, how did the – how has the program worked in practice over the period of time in which it’s been implemented. And I think that would be additional relevant information that might help make the judgment.”
General Verrilli also asserted the importance of diversity because
our military leaders believe that it is imperative that we have officer corps that are not only diverse but capable of leading a diverse military, not only for effectiveness but for the very legitimacy of sending our troops in harm’s way.[ . . . ]
The interest in having law enforcement officers who are not just diverse but who can operate effectively within every racial and ethnic community in highly charged situations is critically important.
Corporate America has told you that having a workforce that is able to function effectively in diverse situations is critical.
And what I would just say in conclusion is that these are the considered judgments of people who actually have the responsibility to ensure that the vital functions of the government protecting the country with the military and with law enforcement and the vital functions of commerce — these are the people who actually have to make sure that these functions are carried out. And this is their considered judgment, and I submit it’s – it’s worth considerable weight in your analysis.
With Justice Kagan recusing herself, only eight justices will decide the case. Based on prior opinions, concurrences and dissents, it appears clear that Justices Scalia and Thomas would not uphold the University of Texas’ admission policy with Justices Ginsburg, Breyer and Sotomayor would. While it can be difficult to predict the actual outcomes of the case, it does not appear that Justice Alito was particularly sympathetic to the University of Texas, leaving Justices Roberts and Kennedy.
Aside from a majority ruling either way, If the Court splits 4-4, the Fifth Circuit’s ruling will stand. Additionally, the Court could remand the case once again, this time back to the District Court level in order to develop a more complete record. It seems that there could be some support for this approach from Justices Breyer and Kennedy.
The Court is expected to rule before it concludes its 2015-2016 term in June, though an opinion could be released sooner.
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Raphael Tapestries Exhibition Illustrates ‘Dawn of Image Reproduction’
An exhibition of six historic tapestries of biblical scenes designed by Raphael, including some of the same designs that were used to create the 12 tapestries in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, will be presented for the first time in the United States at the Columbus Museum of Art ( CMA) in Ohio in the exhibition Raphael—The Power of Renaissance Imagery: The Dresden Tapestries and Their Impact (July 15-October 30).
The tapestries traveled from Germany’s Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister (GAM) in Dresden, where the show opened in 2020 as part of the worldwide celebration of the 500th anniversary of Raphael’s death.
Raphael was commissioned by Pope Leo X in 1515 to create several large format cartoons for the Sistine Chapel tapestries, now housed in the collection of the Vatican Museums. The preparatory drawings, held by the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, were purchased in Genoa in 1623 by the future King Charles I of England, who sent the drawings to the prominent British workshop Mortlake near London.
The so-called floor-to-ceiling “Dresden tapestries”, which depict scenes from the lives of Catholic Saints Peter and Paul, were woven at Mortlake in the 17th century for the British Royal Collection and then brought to Germany in the 18th century by Auguste le Fort.
The exhibition deals with what happened during this time through a chronology conveyed by paintings, sculptures and engravings of figures involved in the history of the works, and also contextualizes the lasting influence of the tapestries with a series of works by Renaissance and Baroque masters such as Albrecht Dürer, Nicolas Poussin, Peter Paul Rubens and other 19th century artists.
“What’s interesting to us as Americans is the effect Raphael’s tapestries had on American colonial painters, or what we might call Anglo-American artists, especially artists like John Singleton Copley and Benjamin West, who are represented in the exhibition”, David Stark, the chief curator of the CMA, tells The arts journal.
“The medium has also been neglected, marginalized and supplanted by painting for centuries,” Stark says. “While these tapestries were designed during the Renaissance and would have been considered comparable to other art mediums. There is always a fair wow factor in terms of the scale and monumentality of these works.
The exhibition aims to highlight “the dawn of the idea of prints”, according to Stark. “We live in a digital age where the reproduction, communication and transmission of images are so ubiquitous, but it is interesting to note that tapestries have been as influential as they were due to their transmission through of prints, whether by engravings, etchings and so on.
He adds: “We hope that something we take for granted – something that is so much a part of our visual culture today – will inspire people to think about the origins and sources of image reproduction in the digital age. , or to think about the inheritance of the transmission of images.
Several pieces from the exhibition have been loaned by American museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Hood Museum in New Hampshire.
The CMA is the exclusive US venue for the exhibition. The museum has already organized several important exhibitions in collaboration with the GAM, including an exhibition dedicated to the Italian Renaissance painter Titian in 2018 which included his masterpiece Portrait of a lady in white (circa 1561) on loan from the German Museum.
- Raphael—The Power of Renaissance Imagery: The Dresden Tapestries and Their Impactuntil October 30 at the Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio
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Verse by Verse : 1st & 2nd Peter
Study begins Sunday October 4th at 10:10 am
Scripture study and Zoom discussion led by Betsy Jonas and Susan Ross. For Zoom information contact email@example.com
The apostle Peter was one of the twelve disciples appointed and taught by Jesus during His life on earth. Peter spent the final years of his life in ministry as a leader of the church in Rome. When he heard of the persecution of churches through the Roman provinces Peter wrote letters encouraging them to remain faithful to Jesus. Just as we are encouraged today!
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Since elements of Western clothing have become our national style, it’s easy to forget their regional origins. This 1939 photo by government photographer Arthur Rothstein shows Mrs. Arnold, co-owner of the Quarter Circle U-Ranch in Montana, in a distinctively Western outfit. She wears a fringed buckskin skirt and high lace-up boots on the bottom. While the skirt is definitely feminine, on the top her shirt vest and tie look more masculine.
Rothstein took many photos documenting life on the ranch, an extensive business with many employees. They reveal that the buckskin outfit must have been special occasion clothing for Mrs. Arnold. Several other pictures show her in small print dresses so beloved by older women everywhere in America in thirties.
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If you are asking yourself how to evaluate loans, two on the most important elements to look at would be the index and margin. They are specially critical in ARMs, which feature varying prices of interest and flexible monthly payments.
An index is basically a base rate of interest from which your lender establishes the interest in fact utilised in your mortgage. In the event you have an adjustable-rate mortgage, your lender uses the index not merely for the initial calculation of interest, but additionally for every single subsequent recalculation after your introductory period is over. Most indices are market-based and are set independently in the lenders. Prevalent indices employed currently involve the London Interbank Presented Rate (LIBOR), Expense of Funds Index (COFI) and Constant-Maturity Treasury (CMT).
You are able to categorize indices broadly as either typical or spot rate. Typically, in case your mortgage utilizes an average index, you are going to find that your payments are slightly greater but shift much more gradually. Using a spot index, the changes are much more volatile, and subsequently, so are your payments, regardless of them becoming a bit reduced.
Margin refers to a set percentage that your lender adds for your rate of interest. For example, you’re your rate of interest based on your provided index is 4%, as well as your margin is 2%, then your final rate of interest for the mortgage would be 6%. Unlike the index, your mortgage margin is just not market-based and independent, but rather is determined by the particular lender you’re operating with. Lenders commonly hold margins at 4% or lower, but in case your credit will not be so great, you could see a margin as steep as 7%. Combined using the index percentage, this can yield an incredibly unfavorable mortgage arrangement.
Understanding and Applying Index and Margin in Loan Comparison
Aside from selecting which index to make use of, mortgage lenders have incredibly small handle over the index portion of one’s final interest rate. If you need to obtain a image of no matter if the indices they have chosen will deliver favorable financial final results for you personally, your very best bet should be to appear at graphs that show how the diverse indices have changed over time, as Holden Lewis of Bankrate suggests. This not only provides clues concerning the sort of rate increases you may count on, but also how immediately the fluctuations are happening. This really is crucial simply because most lenders generally attract potential ARM borrowers with appealing prices of interest offered only for the introductory period. Unless you understand how the index most likely will perform more than the long haul, your adjustments–particularly the initial one particular, which typically is not topic to an interest rate cap–might be rather of a shock.
Looking at margin, lenders are going to give you a percentage primarily based mostly on the danger they perceive you to be. In case your credit is low, they may spike the margin to be able to defend themselves in the potential loss that could come about need to you default. Because of this, even though lenders take into account numerous other elements when drawing up a mortgage package, you would like to complete all the things you can to get your credit score up before you commence applying. At times, it is possible to get the lender to minimize the margin by providing some collateral, providing a bigger down-payment or acquiring one particular or a lot more cosigners around the loan. You should ask what the lender can provide to you in these numerous scenarios.
The index and margin related to a mortgage are normally confusing, specifically for first-time dwelling buyers. These figures perform together to identify the bulk of one’s mortgage cost, not which includes fees for instance origination or closing. You have got some manage more than them in that you can choose lenders that use distinct indices that happen to be yielding the type of efficiency you need more than time, and in which you can negotiate for a reduce margin by means of techniques such as finding a cosigner. The extra you realize about the indices out there when you are thinking of your home acquire, as well as the extra queries you ask of the lender to determine how unique circumstances could possibly influence your margin, the far more probably it’s that you’ll come out on best once you go through the comparison process.
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“Men, boys, and girls Desert the unpeopled village; and wild crowds Spread o’er the plain, by the sweet phrensy driven.”-Somerville.
From this time to the close of April the weather continued to be a succession of neat and rapid changes. One day the soft airs of spring seemed to be stealing along the valley, and, in unison with an invigorating sun, attempting covertly to rouse the dormant powers of the vegetable world, while, on the next, the surly blasts from the north would sweep across the lake and erase every impression left by their gentle adversaries. The snow, however, finally disappeared, and the green wheat fields were seen in every direction, spotted with the dark and charred stumps that had, the preceding season, supported some of the proudest trees of the forest. Ploughs were in motion, wherever those useful implements could be used, and the smokes of the sugar- camps were no longer seen issuing from the woods of maple. The lake had lost the beauty of a field of ice, but still a dark and gloomy covering concealed its waters, for the absence of currents left them yet hidden under a porous crust, which, saturated with the fluid, barely retained enough strength to preserve the continuity of its parts. Large flocks of wild geese were seen passing over the country, which hovered, for a time, around the hidden sheet of water, apparently searching for a resting-place; and then, on finding them selves excluded by the chill covering, would soar away to the north, filling the air with discordant screams, as if venting their complaints at the tardy operations of Nature.
For a week, the dark covering of the Otsego was left to the undisturbed possession of two eagles, who alighted on the centre of its field, and sat eyeing their undisputed territory. During the presence of these monarchs of the air, the flocks of migrating birds avoided crossing the plain of ice by turning into the hills, apparently seeking the protection of the forests, while the white and bald heads of the tenants of the lake were turned upward, with a look of contempt. But the time had come when even these kings of birds were to be dispossessed. An opening had been gradually increasing at the lower extremity of the lake, and around the dark spot where the current of the river prevented the formation of ice during even the coldest weather; and the fresh southerly winds, that now breathed freely upon the valley, made an impression on the waters. Mimic waves began to curl over the margin of the frozen field, which exhibited an outline of crystallizations that slowly receded toward the north. At each step the power of the winds and the waves increased, until, after a struggle of a few hours, the turbulent little billows succeeded in setting the whole field in motion, when it was driven beyond the reach of the eye, with a rapidity that was as magical as the change produced in the scene by this expulsion of the lingering remnant of winter. Just as the last sheet of agitated ice was disappearing in the distance, the eagles rose, and soared with a wide sweep above the clouds, while the waves tossed their little caps of snow in the air, as if rioting in their release from a thraldom of five minutes’ duration.
The following morning Elizabeth was awakened by the exhilarating sounds of the martens, who were quarrelling and chattering around the little boxes suspended above her windows, and the cries of Richard, who was calling in tones animating as signs of the season itself:
“Awake! awake! my fair lady! the gulls are hovering over the lake already, and the heavens are alive with pigeons. You may look an hour before you can find a hole through which to get a peep at the sun. Awake! awake! lazy ones’ Benjamin is overhauling the ammunition, and we only wait for our breakfasts, and away for the mountains and pigeon-shooting.”
There was no resisting this animated appeal, and in a few minutes Miss Temple and her friend descended to the parlor. The doors of the hall were thrown open, and the mild, balmy air of a clear spring morning was ventilating the apartment, where the vigilance of the ex-steward had been so long maintaining an artificial heat with such unremitted diligence. The gentlemen were impatiently waiting for their morning’s repast, each equipped in the garb of a sportsman. Mr. Jones made many visits to the southern door, and would cry:
“See, Cousin Bess! see, ‘Duke, the pigeon-roosts of the south have broken up! They are growing more thick every instant, Here is a flock that the eye cannot see the end of. There is food enough in it to keep the army of Xerxes for a month, and feathers enough to make beds for the whole country. Xerxes, Mr. Edwards, was a Grecian king, who— no, he was a Turk, or a Persian, who wanted to conquer Greece, just the same as these rascals will overrun our wheat fields, when they come back in the fall. Away! away! Bess; I long to pepper them.”
In this wish both Marmaduke and young Edwards seemed equally to participate, for the sight was exhilarating to a sportsman; and the ladies soon dismissed the party after a hasty breakfast.
If the heavens were alive with pigeons, the whole village seemed equally in motion with men, women, and children. Every species of firearm, from the French ducking gun, with a barrel near six feet in length, to the common horseman's pistol, was to be seen in the hands of the men and boys; while bows and arrows, some made of the simple stick of walnut sapling and others in a rude imitation of the ancient cross-bows, were carried by many of the latter.
The houses and the signs of life apparent in the village drove the alarmed birds from the direct line of their flight, toward the mountains, along the sides and near the bases of which they were glancing in dense masses, equally wonderful by the rapidity of their motion and their incredible numbers.
We have already said that, across the inclined plane which fell from the steep ascent of the mountain to the banks of the Susquehanna, ran the highway on either side of which a clearing of many acres had been made at a very early day. Over those clearings, and up the eastern mountain, and along the dangerous path that was cut into its side, the different individuals posted themselves, and in a few moments the attack commenced.
Among the sportsmen was the tall, gaunt form of Leather-Stocking, walking over the field, with his rifle hanging on his arm, his dogs at his heels; the latter now scenting the dead or wounded birds that were beginning to tumble from the flocks, and then crouching under the legs of their master, as if they participated in his feelings at this wasteful and unsportsmanlike execution.
The reports of the firearms became rapid, whole volleys rising from the plain, as flocks of more than ordinary numbers darted over the opening, shadowing the field like a cloud; and then the light smoke of a single piece would issue from among the leafless bushes on the mountain, as death was hurled on the retreat of the affrighted birds, who were rising from a volley, in a vain effort to escape. Arrows and missiles of every kind were in the midst of the flocks; and so numerous were the birds, and so low did they take their flight, that even long poles in the hands of those on the sides of the mountain were used to strike them to the earth.
During all this time Mr. Jones, who disdained the humble and ordinary means of destruction used by his companions, was busily occupied, aided by Benjamin, in making arrangements for an assault of more than ordinarily fatal character. Among the relics of the old military excursions, that occasionally are discovered throughout the different districts of the western part of New York, there had been found in Templeton, at its settlement, a small swivel, which would carry a ball of a pound weight. It was thought to have been deserted by a war- party of the whites in one of their inroads into the Indian settlements, when, perhaps, convenience or their necessity induced them to leave such an incumberance behind them in the woods. This miniature cannon had been released from the rust, and being mounted on little wheels was now in a state for actual service. For several years it was the sole organ for extraordinary rejoicings used in those mountains. On the mornings of the Fourth of July it would be heard ringing among the hills; and even Captain Hollister, who was the highest authority in that part of the country on all such occasions, affirmed that, considering its dimensions, it was no despicable gun for a salute. It was somewhat the worse for the service it had performed, it is true, there being but a trifling difference in size between the touch-hole and the muzzle Still, the grand conceptions of Richard had suggested the importance of such an instrument in hurling death at his nimble enemies. The swivel was dragged by a horse into a part of the open space that the sheriff thought most eligible for planning a battery of the kind, and Mr. Pump proceeded to load it. Several handfuls of duck-shot were placed on top of the powder, and the major-domo announced that his piece was ready for service.
The sight of such an implement collected all the idle spectators to the spot, who, being mostly boys, filled the air with cries of exultation and delight The gun was pointed high, and Richard, holding a coal of fire in a pair of tongs, patiently took his seat on a stump, awaiting the appearance of a flock worthy of his notice.
So prodigious was the number of the birds that the scattering fire of the guns, with the hurling of missiles and the cries of the boys, had no other effect than to break off small flocks from the immense masses that continued to dart along the valley, as if the whole of the feathered tribe were pouring through that one pass. None pretended to collect the game, which lay scattered over the fields in such profusion as to cover the very ground with fluttering victims.
Leather-Stocking was a silent but uneasy spectator of all these proceedings, but was able to keep his sentiments to himself until he saw the introduction of the swivel into the sports.
“This comes of settling a country!” he said. “Here have I known the pigeon to fly for forty long years, and, till you made your clearings, there was nobody to skeart or to hurt them, I loved to see them come into the woods, for they were company to a body, hurting nothing
—being, as it was, as harmless as a garter-snake. But now it gives me sore thoughts when I hear the frighty things whizzing through the air, for I know it’s only a motion to bring out all the brats of the village. Well, the Lord won’t see the waste of his creatures for nothing, and right will be done to the pigeons, as well as others, by and by. There’s Mr. Oliver as bad as the rest of them, firing into the flocks as if he was shooting down nothing but Mingo warriors.” Among the sportsmen was Billy Kirby, who, armed with an old musket, was loading, and, without even looking into the air, was firing and shouting as his victims fell even on his own person. He heard the speech of Natty, and took upon himself to reply:
“What! old Leather-Stocking,” he cried, “grumbling at the loss of a few pigeons! If you had to sow your wheat twice, and three times, as I have done, you wouldn’t be so massyfully feeling toward the divils. Hurrah, boys! scatter the feathers! This is better than shooting at a turkey’s head and neck, old fellow.”
“It’s better for you, maybe, Billy Kirby,” replied the indignant old hunter, “and all them that don’t know how to put a ball down a rifle- barrel, or how to bring it up again with a true aim; but it’s wicked to be shooting into flocks in this wasty manner, and none to do it who know how to knock over a single bird. If a body has a craving for pigeon’s flesh, why, it’s made the same as all other creatures, for man’s eating; but not to kill twenty and eat one. When I want such a thing I go into the woods till I find one to my liking, and then I shoot him off the branches, without touching the feather of another, though there might be a hundred on the same tree. You couldn’t do such a thing, Billy Kirby—you couldn’t do it if you tried.”
“What’s that, old corn-stalk! you sapless stub!” cried the wood- chopper. “You have grown wordy, since the affair of the turkey; but if you are for a single shot, here goes at that bird which comes on by himself.”
The fire from the distant part of the field had driven a single pigeon below the flock to which it belonged, and, frightened with the constant reports of the muskets, it was approaching the spot where the disputants stood, darting first from One side and then to the other, cutting the air with the swiftness of lightning, and making a noise with its wings not unlike the rushing of a bullet. Unfortunately for the wood-chopper, notwithstanding his vaunt, he did not see this bird until it was too late to fire as it approached, and he pulled the trigger at the unlucky moment when it was darting immediately over his head. The bird continued its course with the usual velocity.
Natty lowered his rifle from his arm when the challenge was made, and waiting a moment, until the terrified victim had got in a line with his eye, and had dropped near the bank of the lake, he raised it again with uncommon rapidity, and fired. It might have been chance, or it might have been skill, that produced the result; it was probably a union of both; but the pigeon whirled over in the air, and fell into the lake with a broken wing At the sound of his rifle, both his dogs started from his feet, and in a few minutes the “slut” brought out the bird, still alive.
The wonderful exploit of Leather-Stocking was noised through the field with great rapidity, and the sportsmen gathered in, to learn the truth of the report.
“What” said young Edwards,” have you really killed a pigeon on the wing, Natty, with a single ball?”
“Haven’t I killed loons before now, lad, that dive at the flash?” returned the hunter. “It’s much better to kill only such as you want, without wasting your powder and lead, than to be firing into God’s creatures in this wicked manner. But I came out for a bird, and you know the reason why I like small game, Mr. Oliver, and now I have got one Twill go home, for I don’t relish to see these wasty ways that you are all practysing, as if the least thing wasn’t made for use, and not to destroy.”
“Thou sayest well, Leather-Stocking,” cried Marmaduke, “and I begin to think it time to put an end to this work of destruction.”
“Put an ind, Judge, to your clearings. Ain’t the woods His work as well as the pigeons? Use, but don’t waste. Wasn’t the woods made for the beasts and birds to harbor in? and when man wanted their flesh, their skins, or their feathers, there’s the place to seek them. But I’ll go to the hut with my own game, for I wouldn’t touch one of the harmless things that cover the ground here, looking up with their eyes on me, as if they only wanted tongues to say their thoughts.” With this sentiment in his month, Leather-Stocking threw his rifle over his arm, and, followed by his dogs, stepped across the clearing with great caution, taking care not to tread on one of the wounded birds in his path. He soon entered the bushes on the margin of the lake and was hid from view.
Whatever impression the morality of Natty made on the Judge, it was utterly lost on Richard. He availed himself of the gathering of the sportsmen, to lay a plan for one “fell swoop” of destruction. The musket-men were drawn up in battle array, in a line extending on each side of his artillery, with orders to await the signal of firing from himself.
“Stand by, my lads,” said Benjamin, who acted as an aid de-camp on this occasion, “stand by, my hearties, and when Squire Dickens heaves out the signal to begin firing, d’ye see, you may open upon them in a broadside. Take care and fire low, boys, and you’ll be sure to hull the flock.”
“Fire low!” shouted Kirby; “hear the old fool! If we fire low, we may hit the stumps, but not ruffle a pigeon.”
“How should you know, you lubber?” cried Benjamin, with a very unbecoming heat for an officer on the eve of battle—” how should you know, you grampus? Haven’t I sailed aboard of the Boadishy for five years? and wasn’t it a standing order to fire low, and to hull your enemy! Keep silence at your guns, boys and mind the order that is passed.”
The loud laughs of the musket-men were silenced by the more authoritative voice of Richard, who called for attention and obedience to his signals.
Some millions of pigeons were supposed to have already passed, that morning, over the valley of Templeton; but nothing like the flock that was now approaching had been seen before. It extended from mountain to mountain in one solid blue mass, and the eye looked in vain, over the southern hills, to find its termination. The front of this living column was distinctly marked by a line but very slightly indented, so regular and even was the flight. Even Marmaduke forgot the morality of Leather-Stocking as it approached, and, in common with the rest, brought his musket to a poise.
“Fire!” cried the sheriff, clapping a coal to the priming of the cannon. As half of Benjamin’s charge escaped through the touch-hole, the whole volley of the musketry preceded the report of the swivel. On receiving this united discharge of small-arms, the front of the flock darted upward, while, at the same instant, myriads of those in the rear rushed with amazing rapidity into their places, so that, when the column of white smoke gushed from the mouth of the little cannon, an accumulated mass of objects was gliding over its point of direction. The roar of the gun echoed along the mountains, and died away to the north, like distant thunder, while the whole flock of alarmed birds seemed, for a moment, thrown into one disorderly and agitated mass. The air was filled with their irregular flight, layer rising above layer, far above the tops of the highest pines, none daring to advance beyond the dangerous pass; when, suddenly, some of the headers of the feathered tribes shot across the valley, taking their flight directly over the village, and hundreds of thousands in their rear followed the example, deserting the eastern side of the plain to their persecutors and the slain.
“Victory!” shouted Richard, “victory! we have driven the enemy from the field.”
“Not so, Dickon,” said Marmaduke; “the field is covered with them; and, like the Leather-Stocking, I see nothing but eyes, in every direction, as the innocent sufferers turn their heads in terror. Full one-half of those that have fallen are yet alive; and I think it is time to end the sport, if sport it be.”
“Sport!” cried the sheriff; “it is princely sport! There are some thousands of the blue-coated boys on the ground, so that every old woman in the village may have a pot-pie for the asking.”
“Well, we have happily frightened the birds from this side of the valley,” said Marmaduke, “and the carnage must of necessity end for the present. Boys, I will give you sixpence a hundred for the pigeons’ heads only; so go to work, and bring them into the village.”
This expedient produced the desired effect, for every urchin on the ground went industriously to work to wring the necks of the wounded birds. Judge Temple retired toward his dwelling with that kind of feeling that many a man has experienced before him, who discovers, after the excitement of the moment has passed, that he has purchased pleasure at the price of misery to others. Horses were loaded with the dead; and, after this first burst of sporting, the shooting of pigeons became a business, with a few idlers, for the remainder of the season, Richard, however, boasted for many a year of his shot with the
“cricket;” and Benjamin gravely asserted that he thought they had killed nearly as many pigeons on that day as there were Frenchmen destroyed on the memorable occasion of Rodney’s victory.Next
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Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations of snow cover are compared to observed values on hemispheric and continental scales for the time period 1980 through 1988. Monthly means and variability, as well as interannual correlations, of snow cover areal extent are evaluated.
Analyses of January snow cover results from sixteen models reveal that mean snow cover extent tends to be underestimated in North America and western Eurasia (west of 75°E), and overestimated in eastern Eurasia (east of 75°E). In North America three quarters of the models show mean January snow cover extent between 65% and 80%, generally underestimating the observed mean of 78%; the remaining quarter lie below 65%. Over western Eurasia the models also tend to underestimate mean snow cover, with three quarters of the mean values between 40% and 55% compared to the observed 51%; the remaining quarter lie below 40%. Models tend to overestimate mean snow cover over eastern Eurasia, where three quarters of the simulated mean values lie between 55% and 75% compared to the observed 63% cover; the remaining quarter have mean snow cover exceeding 75%.
The dispersion of simulated January snow cover extent around central values are close to the observed dispersion in North America and eastern Eurasia, but are lower than observed in western Eurasia. Standard deviations and ranges of simulated January snow cover in North America and eastern Eurasia are within 3% and 8% of observed values, respectively. Over western Eurasia, however, models tend to underestimate the observed standard deviation and range by as much as 5% and 20%, respectively.
Interannual fluctuations for 1980-1988 are poorly correlated to observed values on both continents. Simulated snow cover time series are compared to observations using the Spearman Rank Correlation method. Out of 48 correlations (16 models, 3 continental areas) only two had significant correlations (n=9, p=.05, 1-tailed).
Snow cover plays a substantial role in modulating the earth's surface
energy balance, thereby constituting an important climate feedback. Accurate
simulation of snow cover is therefore important for accurate climate modeling,
and for the prediction and detection of climate fluctuations.
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Political persuasion has gone high tech in the Capitol
Those “Awake the State” demonstrators who descended on the Capitol for the outbreak of the 2017 legislative session were sincere, informed and dedicated people who really want to make a difference for millions of less-fortunate Floridians.
They were also pretty much wasting their time.
They, and many others representing good causes, awaken the state every session – and legislators hit the snooze button for 60 days of doing whatever they intended to do in the first place.
Unless the vocal advocates followed their rally by fanning out among the House and Senate office warrens to personally contact their own legislators, marching on the Capitol is mainly good for getting on TV. It doesn’t influence much legislation.
There are many ways of getting legislators interested in a cause. Giving them campaign contributions is best, followed by showing them that a lot of voters – their constituents, not people from all over the state – are watching how they vote.
If your organization doesn’t have a rich political action committee, mobilizing constituent support is the best way to market your message. And then you have to target the message to get it past the spam filters, to reach the members who are still persuadable.
Meaning no disrespect for the school-choice, environmental, feminist, religious, poverty, criminal justice or health care, their signs and speeches mainly reach the already-convinced.
For example, is a legislator with an A-plus scorecard from the National Rifle Association going to see a throng of anti-gun protestors in the Capitol courtyard and think, “Hey, they’ve got a point there?” There were marches for the Equal Rights Amendment and against Jeb Bush’s plan to eliminate affirmative action, and we saw how little they changed policy.
So if marches are so yesteryear, how does an interest group, or individual citizen, get the attention of lawmakers? By going to see them. Since there are so many of them, social media – preferably in a barrage of like-minded but not identical messages – is another good way to make legislators hear the voice of Florida.
Campaign consultant Kevin Cate runs an annual survey of legislative staff aides, asking them how their bosses get information, the best and worst ways to deliver a message. We’re talking about the uncommitted here, not the legislator who is dead-set for or against a bill.
Cate found that 55.2 percent of those surveyed said an in-person visit by a constituent is “very likely” to persuade a malleable legislator. That was followed by a personal phone call (44.7 percent), and a personal letter or an email (34 percent each). A lobbyist visit was rated “very likely” to influence a lawmaker by only 13 percent of the legislative aides.
That’s questionable. Lobbyists can raise endless campaign cash – for you or for your opponent – so does anyone really think their influence is less than a constituent’s? But does anyone think legislative staffers are going to say their bosses listen to lobbyists more than they do their hometown voters?
Only 10.56 percent of respondents in Cate’s survey said their members would be “very likely” to be influenced by a protest demonstration. That was the same amount who could be swayed by petition signatures.
Comments by constituents on Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat and LinkedIn also rated high in Cate’s survey. It’s a two-way conversation. Fully three-fourths of legislators personally operate their own social media, all or part of the time, and less than 10 percent never touch the stuff.
It’s an odd contradiction. Social media offer the fastest, most frequent way to reach vast numbers of people – but personally visiting or calling a legislator is still the most effective way. As one who clings to the hope that Underwood manual portable typewriters and carbon paper sets will make a huge comeback, it’s comforting to know computers still can’t fake the personal touch.
Drawing on his survey data, which turns out pretty much the same year after year, Cate has recently launched a new communication tool known as Rocket Lobby. For a $4,000 set-up fee and $1,249 a month, rocketlobby.com allows advocacy organizations to target and capture their meeting requests, calls, emails and social media posts to legislators.
“It’s the only advocacy tool that prohibits copy-and-paste form emails,” Cate said. “That’s because I hate them and they never work.”
Some parts of Cate’s legislative staff survey are interesting, in a painful way. Asked how important various entities are in influencing legislators, 78 percent of insiders rated citizen contacts first, followed by advice from House and Senate staff members.
Then came the governor, state economists, political advisers, lobbyists and business organizations, in order of importance. No surprises there.
And least influential? Reporters, at just 11.4 percent.
Bill Cotterell is a retired Tallahassee Democrat reporter who writes a twice-weekly column. He can be reached firstname.lastname@example.org
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In a show of force, supporters of the Shiite cleric Sadr stormed twice last week in Baghdad’s heavily fortified green zone, which houses government buildings and western embassies, and staged a lengthy sit-in in parliament on Sunday.
While al-Sadr’s supporters oppose the appointment of a new prime minister, these protests also signal a deep political rift between Iraq’s rival Shiite blocs and a powerful hand that analysts say is being played by Iran from afar.
“Iran will be a party to this conflict,” said Ihsan Al Shammari, professor of politics at the University of Baghdad and head of the Iraqi Center for Political Thought.
“And Sadr is aware that Iran can push the Coordination Framework to try to increase its influence on the political scene in Iraq,” he added.
The pro-Iran and anti-Sadr Shia bloc includes politicians linked to Tehran, including former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. It also includes paramilitary groups heavily armed by Iran.
The latest unrest follows nine months of political stalemate, bickering and accusations that have stymied the formation of a government after Sadr emerged as the biggest winner in October’s parliamentary elections.
Sadr’s victory threatened to sideline the Iranian-linked Shia blocs that had dominated Iraqi politics for decades.
In what has been called a “tectonic shift” in Iraqi politics, Sadr in June asked his political bloc to resign from parliament after refusing to cooperate with opposing blocs. This move showed Sadr’s true strength: his ability to mobilize supporters in the streets in large numbers and with great force.
As part of a potentially escalating movement, the Coordination Framework on Sunday called on protesters to also take to the streets on Monday.
“Iraq’s political system is on the brink of irreparable collapse, and the country is heading towards a civil war between Sadr and his supporters of Iran,” said Ranj Alaaldin, a visiting fellow at the Foreign Policy Program at the Brookings Institution, a think tank in Washington.
While some experts say the current political stalemate is deeply rooted in Iran’s level of influence over its neighbor, others do not believe Iran is the driving force behind the conflict.
“I think the motives for this conflict are primarily internal rather than differences over Iran,” said Mohammed Shummari, chairman of the Sumeria Foundation in Baghdad.
“There is a transformation in Iraqi politics and the growing ambitions of various parties who want to consolidate power,” Shummari said, adding that allegations of ties to Iran have become a tool — mostly used by non-Iranian blocs — to discredit their rivals.
Although Sadr has positioned himself against both Iran and the United States for years, the popular cleric has not always been consistent with Tehran.
When protesters first broke into parliament on Wednesday, they denounced the candidacy of Mohammed Shia al-Sudani for prime minister, a figure nominated by the Coordination Framework and widely seen as an ally of the pro-Iranian Maliki.
But the real problems go far beyond al-Sudani’s candidacy, Al-Shammari says, adding that the discontent is primarily centered around what is perceived as attempts by Iran-linked Shiite blocs to isolate Sadr and exclude him from politics.
Sadr warned that if the demands of the protesters were not met, then he was not to blame for the ensuing chaos.
“The current revolution is Sadrist,” he wrote on Twitter. “If you miss this opportunity, don’t blame me.”
Despite efforts to reduce tensions, Alaaldeen believes it will be difficult to see Sadr retreat “unless he is given the government he originally wanted.”
“This remains the longest political stalemate [in Iraq] since 2003,” Al-Shammari said, adding that even if it were resolved, it was unlikely to be the last crisis the oil-rich country faced.
“The political system is facing a great paralysis,” he said, warning that “reaching the moment of collision will mean that this split has reached an unprecedented level.”
The first ship with Ukrainian corn is heading to Lebanon
Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar said on Monday that the first grain ship to depart from the Black Sea port of Odessa since the early days of the war in Ukraine will deliver Ukrainian corn to Lebanon.
- Background: Speaking to Turkey’s state-run Anadolu news agency, Akar said the first ship under the UN-brokered export deal will anchor off the coast of Istanbul around 3:00 pm Istanbul time on Tuesday. Then the vessel will inspect the Joint Coordination Center, which oversees the export of Ukrainian grain. Akar added that it is carrying over 26,000 metric tons of corn. After screening, he will head to his final destination in Tripoli, Lebanon.
- Why is it important: Hit by the economic crisis, the deadly Beirut bombing in 2020 and the burden of the Covid-19 pandemic, Lebanon has seen a 46% increase in the number of people in dire need of support this year, according to the UN. Before the Russian invasion, Lebanon was more than half dependent on wheat imports from Ukraine.
Iran flood death toll rises
At least 69 people have died in floods and landslides that have damaged cities across Iran, the Iranian Red Crescent tweeted Friday.
- Background: At least 45 people are still unaccounted for in Tehran and three other provinces, according to Nejad Jahani, the Iranian Crisis Management Organization’s deputy. Jahani also said that about 20,000 houses were damaged during the recent flood. Iran has been fighting heavy rains, deadly floods and landslides for two weeks now. The Red Crescent said damage in the southern province of Fars was caused by flooding from a dam on the Rodbal River near the town of Estaban.
- Why is it important:BUT study A study on the effects of climate change in Iran found that periods of extreme wet and dry periods are becoming more frequent, and periods of extreme heat and more frequent flooding across the country are becoming longer. In 2019, more than 70 people died in Iran due to flooding after record rainfall.
Iran responds to EU offer to save nuclear deal
Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Ali Bagheri Kani said Sunday that Tehran has responded to an EU proposal to step up the 2015 nuclear deal amid reports of Iran’s rapid progress in its nuclear program.
- Background: EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said last week that he had proposed a new draft text to revitalize the nuclear deal, officially known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). “We shared our proposed ideas, both in substance and in form, to pave the way for an early conclusion of the negotiations in Vienna, which were aimed at resolving the devastating complex situation caused by the unilateral and illegal withdrawal of the United States,” the message says. Kani said on Twitter. The minister did not give details about the ideas proposed by Iran.
- Why is it important: Iran is currently enriching uranium well above the 3.67% limit set by the nuclear deal. As talks continue to stall, Mohammed Eslami, head of the country’s atomic energy agency, on Monday echoed comments made by senior adviser to the supreme leader Kamal Kharrazi in July, saying: “As Mr. Kharrazi mentioned, Iran has the technical capability to build an atomic bomb. but such a program is not on the agenda.”
The clashes erupted after hundreds of demonstrators attempted to make their way to the Republican Palace – the office of the President of Sudan – but were met by police, who fired tear gas at the protesters in response.
The protests began after a CNN investigation based on numerous interviews with senior Sudanese and U.S. officials and arrays of documents examined by CNN painted a picture of a complex multi-year Russian scheme to extract Sudan’s wealth in an attempt to shore up Russia against Western sanctions becoming increasingly tough and supportive military actions of Moscow in Ukraine.
Evidence unearthed by CNN also suggests that Russia colluded with Sudan’s military leadership, allowing billions of dollars of gold to bypass the Sudanese state and deprive the impoverished nation of hundreds of millions of government revenues.
The investigation was widely disseminated in Sudan and caused a public outcry. Hours after the report was aired, messages began to circulate on WhatsApp and other social networks used by pro-democracy activists.
Nima Elbagir, CNN
What’s in trend
Four days before the second anniversary of the deadly Beirut bombing on August 4, the city’s port went viral on Lebanese social media for a different reason.
On Sunday, two wheat silos collapsed in the port. Buildings that survived the massive explosion in 2020 smoldered and burned for weeks, filling parts of the Lebanese capital with the smell of smoke.
The fire was caused by rising temperatures in the country.
According to state media, the collapsed part was the most fragile after the explosion and was supposed to fall.
This was confirmed by Ali Hamieh, Lebanese Minister of Public Works and Transport, who told Al Jadeed television that two bunkers had collapsed and other bunkers were expected to collapse as well.
The 2020 explosion killed more than 200 people and injured more than 6,500 people. Shockwaves rise above the city, overturning cars, shattering windows and causing some houses to collapse.
According to then Prime Minister Hassan Diab, the explosion was caused by 2,750 metric tons of ammonium nitrate, an explosive material stored in the port without preventive measures.
Lebanon’s economic woes have been no stranger to headlines, but the pace of their decline over the past two years has been exponential. The inflation rate in June was 210%, while the exchange rates fluctuated sharply from day to day.
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Shafaq News / U.S. military troops conducted on Saturday a patrol in the southern countryside of Dirk, the far northeastern of Syria.
Shafaq News Agency Correspondent said four Ground-units were involved in the patrol around the southern countryside of Dirk. The Patrol stops at the Rubaria agricultural airport, which is used by the Global Coalition as a helipad.
A local source from Rubaria village told Shafaq News Agency that a U.S. aircraft also landed at the Airport.
Our Correspondent added that another four Ground-units patrol was conducted by the U.S. troops in the northern countryside of Dirk
Almost daily US patrols are conducted in Dirk, especially south of the city to protect oil fields.
The U.S. military says its presence in Northeastern Syria is to preventing a resurgence of ISIS in Syria.
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The Morning Report
San Diego news and info
you need to take on the day.
Analysis: The city of San Diego’s November financial reform ballot measure, known as Proposition D, would increase San Diego’s sales tax by a half-cent once a series of 10 cost cutting conditions are met.
Proponents of the measure are using public safety as their main selling point, holding a press conference in front of a fire station and talking about catastrophic cuts to police and fire departments unless the proposition passes.
Those two departments make up more than half the city’s day-to-day operating budget and city leaders have pledged to make public safety the top priority for new revenues.
The money could be spent for anything the operating budget pays for including public safety, parks, libraries and City Council members’ own salaries. Or, as opponents point out, it could pay for the rising cost of the city’s pension obligations.
Backers of the proposition could have dedicated the tax increase to public safety, but state law requires that taxes tied to a certain purpose be passed by a two-thirds margin. This measure is a general sales tax increase, which only requires a majority of voters to say “yes.”
Since money that comes from additional sales tax revenue is not earmarked, including public safety, we’re calling the statement true.
If you disagree with our determination or analysis, please express your thoughts in the comments section of this blog post. Explain your reasoning.
You can also e-mail new Fact Check suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.org. What claim should we explore next?
— LIAM DILLON
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Literally meanings slipper, this famous bread comes from Verona in the North-East of Italy.
Its history is very recent as it was invented in 1982 by Arnaldo Cavallari, a baker who was looking for a bread to outcome the popularity of baguettes used in sandwiches. He first called it ciabatta polesana, after the Polesine region where he lived in.
Arnaldo and many other bakers were concerned about the increase of sandwiches made from baguettes imported from France, which would endangered their businesses. After many weeks of testing different recipes with different flours and different hydration levels, he finally came out with the perfect bread to make panini (sandwiches in italian).
After few months promoting his new traditional bread, the popularity increased very fast in Italy, with every region giving a different approach to it. The original ciabatta would have a high hydration level, an opened-crumb and is commonly found in the North of Italy. While in the middle of the country, in Tuscany, Umbria or Marche, you might find a ciabatta with a denser crumb with a crisp crust. In Rome, it is seasoned with marjoram (oregano) and olive oil.
Other variations would be ciabatta integrale which uses some wholemeal flour, and ciabatta al latte that adds milk in the dough.
After an increasing success in Italy, Arnaldo didn’t have to wait long to see its creation traveling around the world. In 1985, the brand of supermarkets Marks and Spencer introduced the ciabatta in the United Kingdom. 2 years later, a group of 3 Italian bakers went to Cleveland, Ohio in the United States of America, to develop the ciabatta for mass production. Freshly baked at the beginning, then frozen. It was quickly copied throughout the U.S.
Arnaldo Cavallari licensed the name ciabatta polesana and ciabatta italiana in 11 countries by 1999.
I invented the new ciabatta,
Says Arnoldo Cavallari, loud and proud. I used a very soft, wet dough, with a lot of water – very watery. It’s the best bread, of course. All my breads are made with natural things, so it tastes good. I am touching the sky I am so happy that it is so good, that it has done so well everywhere. But when I had invented it, I looked at it and I thought, “What can I call it?” Then I thought that it is similar to a slipper, so I thought “ciabatta”. For copyright, I registered the name ciabatta along with Polesano, the name of the area where I work.
But according to some people, the ciabatta was already baked since centuries, Arnoldo respond : People can say whatever they like. Someone could say they remember eating it in the 1940s, but they have got to come forward with the proof. There is no question of that recipe having existed before.
My ciabatta is the taste of an old-fashioned bread. It reminds people of the older breads, the ones that were made with natural ingredients, no chemicals. On Wednesday afternoons, I teach a class in ciabatta, for people who want to know about it. They try it fresh, and say, “Mamma Mia, this is good!“
Here’s the recipe :
- 250 g white bread flour
- 180 g water at room temp.
- 5 g salt
- 2 g fresh yeast or 1g dried yeast
- 75 g liquid starter
Do the autolyse by mixing the flour and the water together with a spatula or by hands until incorporated. No need to knead.
Let it rest for 1 hour.
Add the salt, the yeast and the liquid starter and mix in the mixer for 3min in 1st speed, then 6min in 2nd speed and 1min in 3rd speed.
Let it rest for 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Make a stretch and fold by pulling the dough from the sides to the center.
Cover and put in the fridge for 12 hours.
Put the dough on a floured workbench. Take the top side and fold it onto the center. Take the bottom side and fold it on top of the dough. You should have a rectangular shape. Cut in the middle of the dough in order to have 2 rectangular pieces.
Put the dough onto a floured couche or a kitchen towel.
Let it prove for 30 minutes.
Bake at 250°C on the sole position (heat coming from the bottom) for around 20 minutes.
Take it out and let it cool down on a tray.
Don’t forget to check out the timelapse video of the baking on my Instagram below :
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In 2014, California voted in a measure to reduce penalties for certain crimes know as Proposition 47, Reduced Penalties for Some Crimes Initiative. The initiative reduced the classification of most “nonserious and nonviolent property and drug crimes” from a felony to a misdemeanor. This includes shoplifting, grand theft, fraud, and the focus of this blog post, use of most “illegal” drugs. Proposition 47 reclassified drug possession offenses under Health and Safety Code sections 11350, 11357(a) [concentrated cannabis], and 11377 from a felony or wobbler to strictly misdemeanors punishable by up to one year in county jail.
More recently, California passed regulation loosening the restrictions on the use of recreational marijuana. Recreational marijuana sales under the guise of Proposition 64 became legal in California on Jan. 1, 2018; however, that doesn’t permit you to just blaze up wherever you please. Despite being legal in California, under federal law, marijuana is still ILLEGAL. To help stay on the right side of the law, here are some details of the new California recreational regulations to know:
Legal Age Requirement: The law permits adults 21 and up to buy 1 ounce of cannabis per day (about a few dozen joints). In regards to cannabis concentrates, you can alternately purchase up to 8 grams of this found in edibles, including candies, brownies and breakfast bars. Note, that the number of edibles you can legally possess depends on the product itself.
Purchasing Rules: You’ll need to visit a state-licensed recreational dispensary between the hours of 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. After 10 p.m., the law makes it illegal to sell until 6 a.m. the following day. It MUST be from a licensed dispensary.
- You’ll need a valid government-issued ID, but it can be from any state, according to a spokesman for the California Bureau of Cannabis Control. Options include a driver’s license; a military ID with a person’s picture and date of birth; or a passport issued either by the U.S. or by other countries.
Costs: Because of regulations, costs now include a new statewide 15 percent tax on all recreational and medical cannabis products plus additional local taxes and fees. In Oakland, for example, the added local tax is 10 percent for recreational pot and 5 percent for medical cannabis. However, California consumers may see prices reduced by as much as half over the next year if market patterns follow those in Washington state and Colorado (both of which earlier legalized recreational pot).
Consumption: You still cannot smoke marijuana or have cannabis concentrate products in public. To stay within the law, you’ll need to consume cannabis strictly on private property. You CANNOT consume, smoke, eat, or vape cannabis in public places. Also, smoking marijuana where tobacco is prohibited is also illegal, unless there is a local ordinance expressly allowing its usage. This includes school campuses, restaurants, bars, public parks and hospitals — essentially any public building. Furthermore, selling on school property is also forbade.
- Another California law went into effect Jan. 1 regarding using marijuana and driving. Marijuana impairs your ability to thoroughly drive; therefore, the operating a vehicle, vessel, aircraft or railway equipment under the influence of marijuana is illegal. This specific law adds to the number of laws in place regarding marijuana, which bans lighting up or snacking on any marijuana products while driving or riding as a passenger in a car—including cannabis edibles.
- Be aware that property owners and landlords may ban the use and possession of cannabis on their properties just like the their ability to do so with tobacco products. The state agency outlined two other restrictions:
- You cannot consume or possess cannabis on federal lands such as national parks, even if the park is in California.
- It is illegal to take cannabis across state lines, even if you are traveling to another state where cannabis is legal. This includes taking cannabis onto either a domestic or international flight.
- Lastly, it is important to note that, regardless of cannabis consumption being legal, being fired from work because of cannabis use depends solely on your employer. There is NO state law that protects employees from termination for using marijuana. A 2008 Supreme Court decision ruled that employers are entitled to fire employees who fail a drug screening for marijuana— regardless of state law—and can administer random drug screenings at any time without notice.
Although there are big changes happening in regards to the legalization of marijuana use state by state, it is still important to be aware of the fact that it is still a Schedule 1 drug on a federal level. If you have been charged with a crime in regards to marijuana consumption, contact RP Defense Law for a consultation.
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Linear filters process time-varying input signals to produce output signals, subject to the constraint of linearity. In most cases these linear filters are also time invariant (or shift invariant) in which case they can be analyzed exactly using LTI ("linear time-invariant") system theory revealing their transfer functions in the frequency domain and their impulse responses in the time domain. Real-time implementations of such linear signal processing filters in the time domain are inevitably causal, an additional constraint on their transfer functions. An analog electronic circuit consisting only of linear components (resistors, capacitors, inductors, and linear amplifiers) will necessarily fall in this category, as will comparable mechanical systems or digital signal processing systems containing only linear elements. Since linear time-invariant filters can be completely characterized by their response to sinusoids of different frequencies (their frequency response), they are sometimes known as frequency filters.
Non real-time implementations of linear time-invariant filters need not be causal. Filters of more than one dimension are also used such as in Image processing. The general concept of linear filtering also extends into other fields and technologies such as statistics, data analysis, and mechanical engineering.
A linear time-invariant (LTI) filter can be uniquely specified by its impulse response h, and the output of any filter is mathematically expressed as the convolution of the input with that impulse response. The frequency response, given by the filter's transfer function , is an alternative characterization of the filter. Typical filter design goals are to realize a particular frequency response, that is, the magnitude of the transfer function ; the importance of the phase of the transfer function varies according to the application, inasmuch as the shape of a waveform can be distorted to a greater or lesser extent in the process of achieving a desired (amplitude) response in the frequency domain. The frequency response may be tailored to, for instance, eliminate unwanted frequency components from an input signal, or to limit an amplifier to signals within a particular band of frequencies.
The impulse response h of a linear time-invariant causal filter specifies the output that the filter would produce if it were to receive an input consisting of a single impulse at time 0. An "impulse" in a continuous time filter means a Dirac delta function; in a discrete time filter the Kronecker delta function would apply. The impulse response completely characterizes the response of any such filter, inasmuch as any possible input signal can be expressed as a (possibly infinite) combination of weighted delta functions. Multiplying the impulse response shifted in time according to the arrival of each of these delta functions by the amplitude of each delta function, and summing these responses together (according to the superposition principle, applicable to all linear systems) yields the output waveform.
The first form is the continuous-time form, which describes mechanical and analog electronic systems, for instance. The second equation is a discrete-time version used, for example, by digital filters implemented in software, so-called digital signal processing. The impulse response h completely characterizes any linear time-invariant (or shift-invariant in the discrete-time case) filter. The input x is said to be "convolved" with the impulse response h having a (possibly infinite) duration of time T (or of N sampling periods).
Filter design consists of finding a possible transfer function that can be implemented within certain practical constraints dictated by the technology or desired complexity of the system, followed by a practical design that realizes that transfer function using the chosen technology. The complexity of a filter may be specified according to the order of the filter.
Among the time-domain filters we here consider, there are two general classes of filter transfer functions that can approximate a desired frequency response. Very different mathematical treatments apply to the design of filters termed infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, characteristic of mechanical and analog electronics systems, and finite impulse response (FIR) filters, which can be implemented by discrete time systems such as computers (then termed digital signal processing).
Consider a physical system that acts as a linear filter, such as a system of springs and masses, or an analog electronic circuit that includes capacitors and/or inductors (along with other linear components such as resistors and amplifiers). When such a system is subject to an impulse (or any signal of finite duration) it responds with an output waveform that lasts past the duration of the input, eventually decaying exponentially in one or another manner, but never completely settling to zero (mathematically speaking). Such a system is said to have an infinite impulse response (IIR). The convolution integral (or summation) above extends over all time: T (or N) must be set to infinity.
For instance, consider a damped harmonic oscillator such as a pendulum, or a resonant L-C tank circuit. If the pendulum has been at rest and we were to strike it with a hammer (the "impulse"), setting it in motion, it would swing back and forth ("resonate"), say, with an amplitude of 10 cm. After 10 minutes, say, the pendulum would still be swinging but the amplitude would have decreased to 5 cm, half of its original amplitude. After another 10 minutes its amplitude would be only 2.5 cm, then 1.25 cm, etc. However it would never come to a complete rest, and we therefore call that response to the impulse (striking it with a hammer) "infinite" in duration.
The complexity of such a system is specified by its order N. N is often a constraint on the design of a transfer function since it specifies the number of reactive components in an analog circuit; in a digital IIR filter the number of computations required is proportional to N.
A filter implemented in a computer program (or a so-called digital signal processor) is a discrete-time system; a different (but parallel) set of mathematical concepts defines the behavior of such systems. Although a digital filter can be an IIR filter if the algorithm implementing it includes feedback, it is also possible to easily implement a filter whose impulse truly goes to zero after N time steps; this is called a finite impulse response (FIR) filter.
For instance, suppose one has a filter that, when presented with an impulse in a time series:
outputs a series that responds to that impulse at time 0 until time 4, and has no further response, such as:
Although the impulse response has lasted 4 time steps after the input, starting at time 5 it has truly gone to zero. The extent of the impulse response is finite, and this would be classified as a fourth-order FIR filter. The convolution integral (or summation) above need only extend to the full duration of the impulse response T, or the order N in a discrete time filter.
Classical analog filters are IIR filters, and classical filter theory centers on the determination of transfer functions given by low order rational functions, which can be synthesized using the same small number of reactive components. Using digital computers, on the other hand, both FIR and IIR filters are straightforward to implement in software.
A digital IIR filter can generally approximate a desired filter response using less computing power than a FIR filter, however this advantage is more often unneeded given the increasing power of digital processors. The ease of designing and characterizing FIR filters makes them preferable to the filter designer (programmer) when ample computing power is available. Another advantage of FIR filters is that their impulse response can be made symmetric, which implies a response in the frequency domain that has zero phase at all frequencies (not considering a finite delay), which is absolutely impossible with any IIR filter.
The frequency response or transfer function of a filter can be obtained if the impulse response is known, or directly through analysis using Laplace transforms, or in discrete-time systems the Z-transform. The frequency response also includes the phase as a function of frequency, however in many cases the phase response is of little or no interest. FIR filters can be made to have zero phase, but with IIR filters that is generally impossible. With most IIR transfer functions there are related transfer functions having a frequency response with the same magnitude but a different phase; in most cases the so-called minimum phase transfer function is preferred.
Filters in the time domain are most often requested to follow a specified frequency response. Then, a mathematical procedure finds a filter transfer function that can be realized (within some constraints), and approximates the desired response to within some criterion. Common filter response specifications are described as follows:
Meeting a frequency response requirement with an FIR filter uses relatively straightforward procedures. In the most basic form, the desired frequency response itself can be sampled with a resolution of and Fourier transformed to the time domain. This obtains the filter coefficients hi, which implements a zero phase FIR filter that matches the frequency response at the sampled frequencies used. To better match a desired response, must be reduced. However the duration of the filter's impulse response, and the number of terms that must be summed for each output value (according to the above discrete time convolution) is given by where T is the sampling period of the discrete time system (N-1 is also termed the order of an FIR filter). Thus the complexity of a digital filter and the computing time involved, grows inversely with , placing a higher cost on filter functions that better approximate the desired behavior. For the same reason, filter functions whose critical response is at lower frequencies (compared to the sampling frequency 1/T) require a higher order, more computationally intensive FIR filter. An IIR filter can thus be much more efficient in such cases.
Elsewhere the reader may find further discussion of design methods for practical FIR filter design.
Since classical analog filters are IIR filters, there has been a long history of studying the range of possible transfer functions implementing various of the above desired filter responses in continuous time systems. Using transforms it is possible to convert these continuous time frequency responses to ones that are implemented in discrete time, for use in digital IIR filters. The complexity of any such filter is given by the order N, which describes the order of the rational function describing the frequency response. The order N is of particular importance in analog filters, because an Nth order electronic filter requires N reactive elements (capacitors and/or inductors) to implement. If a filter is implemented using, for instance, biquad stages using op-amps, N/2 stages are needed. In a digital implementation, the number of computations performed per sample is proportional to N. Thus the mathematical problem is to obtain the best approximation (in some sense) to the desired response using a smaller N, as we shall now illustrate.
Below are the frequency responses of several standard filter functions that approximate a desired response, optimized according to some criterion. These are all fifth-order low-pass filters, designed for a cutoff frequency of .5 in normalized units. Frequency responses are shown for the Butterworth, Chebyshev, inverse Chebyshev, and elliptic filters.
As is clear from the image, the elliptic filter is sharper than the others, but at the expense of ripples in both its passband and stopband. The Butterworth filter has the poorest transition but has a more even response, avoiding ripples in either the passband or stopband. A Bessel filter (not shown) has an even poorer transition in the frequency domain, but maintains the best phase fidelity of a waveform. Different applications emphasize different design requirements, leading to different choices among these (and other) optimizations, or requiring a filter of a higher order.
A popular circuit implementing a second order active R-C filter is the Sallen-Key design, whose schematic diagram is shown here. This topology can be adapted to produce low-pass, band-pass, and high pass filters.
An Nth order FIR filter can be implemented in a discrete time system using a computer program or specialized hardware in which the input signal is subject to N delay stages. The output of the filter is formed as the weighted sum of those delayed signals, as is depicted in the accompanying signal flow diagram. The response of the filter depends on the weighting coefficients denoted b0, b1, .... bN. For instance, if all of the coefficients were equal to unity, a so-called boxcar function, then it would implement a low-pass filter with a low frequency gain of N+1 and a frequency response given by the sinc function. Superior shapes for the frequency response can be obtained using coefficients derived from a more sophisticated design procedure.
LTI system theory describes linear time-invariant (LTI) filters of all types. LTI filters can be completely described by their frequency response and phase response, the specification of which uniquely defines their impulse response, and vice versa. From a mathematical viewpoint, continuous-time IIR LTI filters may be described in terms of linear differential equations, and their impulse responses considered as Green's functions of the equation. Continuous-time LTI filters may also be described in terms of the Laplace transform of their impulse response, which allows all of the characteristics of the filter to be analyzed by considering the pattern of zeros and poles of their Laplace transform in the complex plane. Similarly, discrete-time LTI filters may be analyzed via the Z-transform of their impulse response.
Before the advent of computer filter synthesis tools, graphical tools such as Bode plots and Nyquist plots were extensively used as design tools. Even today, they are invaluable tools to understanding filter behavior. Reference books had extensive plots of frequency response, phase response, group delay, and impulse response for various types of filters, of various orders. They also contained tables of values showing how to implement such filters as RLC ladders - very useful when amplifying elements were expensive compared to passive components. Such a ladder can also be designed to have minimal sensitivity to component variation a property hard to evaluate without computer tools.
Many different analog filter designs have been developed, each trying to optimise some feature of the system response. For practical filters, a custom design is sometimes desirable, that can offer the best tradeoff between different design criteria, which may include component count and cost, as well as filter response characteristics.
These descriptions refer to the mathematical properties of the filter (that is, the frequency and phase response). These can be implemented as analog circuits (for instance, using a Sallen Key filter topology, a type of active filter), or as algorithms in digital signal processing systems.
Digital filters are much more flexible to synthesize and use than analog filters, where the constraints of the design permits their use. Notably, there is no need to consider component tolerances, and very high Q levels may be obtained.
FIR digital filters may be implemented by the direct convolution of the desired impulse response with the input signal. They can easily be designed to give a matched filter for any arbitrary pulse shape.
IIR digital filters are often more difficult to design, due to problems including dynamic range issues, quantization noise and instability. Typically digital IIR filters are designed as a series of digital biquad filters.
All low-pass second-order continuous-time filters have a transfer function given by
All band-pass second-order continuous-time filters have a transfer function given by
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As a doctor, I learned very early that nurses are some of the brightest, most resourceful people in healthcare. They’re also the ones with the most personal relationships with patients. Their jobs are hard and there isn’t a well designed place on the Internet that gathers and spreads truly important nursing innovations to all nurses all over the world. For example, kangaroo care is a nursing practice with newborn, usually preterm, infants wherein the infant is held, skin-to-skin, with an adult. It was initially developed to care for preterm infants in areas where incubators are either unavailable or unreliable. It’s saved countless lives over the years.
So we created a platform to share great ideas like kangaroo care. It’s called the Care Challenge. Please have a look and, if you’re a nurse with a great innovation, submit one of your ideas or current initiatives. Also, please tell your nurse friends! We’d very much appreciate you spreading the word.
If you have any questions, feel free to email me at jay at thefuturewell dot com. FYI, this has been built by my company, The Future Well, in partnership with Sanofi, the International Council of Nurses, SIDIIEF, and the Nurse Practitioner Healthcare Foundation.
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The importance of training is something we can all agree on… well… as long as we are not in the classroom. Often, trainees themselves dread training because of long and boring training sessions, bad experiences during training, or a general dislike of anything that reminds them of college lectures. However, organizations understand that training has a significant positive effect on job-related behaviors and individual performance, otherwise what would be the point—right?
Outcomes of Training
The good news is that research supports this assumption, showing immediate and long-term positive impacts of training. Immediate outcomes include learning, skill development, and positive behavior change. Training has consistently been shown to have positive long-term impacts as well. Six months to a year out, they have moderately strong effects on trainee job performance and organizational outcomes including increased profitability and reduced turnover (Arthur et al., 2003).
In the most comprehensive study to date comparing the effectiveness of various organizational development (OD) interventions to date, Guzzo, Jette, and Katzell revealed that training interventions lead to stronger and more consistent gains in productivity than most other OD processes, including: performance feedback, management by objectives, work redesign, supervisory methods, and decision-making strategies (Guzzo, Jette, & Katzell, 1985). In fact, the only method that has been shown to have a stronger impact on performance is goal-setting (Locke & Latham, 2002).
Characteristics of Effective Training Programs
However, not all training is created equal. The extent to which training can influence learning, behavior change, performance, and profitability depends largely on how it has been designed and delivered. The following features have been directly associated with improved employee and organizational outcomes:
- Start with a training needs assessment: This is a systematic process to determine who needs to be trained (i.e., who needs improved KSAs), what they need training on (i.e., what tasks need to be improved), and how the training process will be supported and aligned with strategic objectives (Surface, 2012).
- Identify and communicate purpose, objectives, and outcome: These are identified based on the results of the training needs assessment and must be communicated to trainees in a clear and easy-to-understand way. When communication includes a message on how the training will be applied and what the expected outcomes are, motivation to learn increases (Noe, 2008).
- Relevant content: To be effective, training must include content that is directly linked to trainee job experiences (Noe & Colquitt, 2002). This makes intuitive sense, but when ignored it can reduce the impact of training on performance to zero. Just think about the training sessions you’ve attended that have been unrelated to your daily work-life.
- Active demonstration: Trainers need to actively demonstrate the specific skills and processes included in the training. Conducting these live demonstrations provides trainees with a model of desired behavior and results in greater learning and transfer of training, regardless of the topic (Noe & Colquitt, 2002). For example, if the training is on interpersonal communications the trainer might demonstrate active listening skills through a role-play with a willing participant. For an engine-repair class, the trainer might bring an engine and demonstrate how to bore out the cylinders.
- Opportunities for practice: Effective training programs include multiple opportunities for trainees to practice the skills they’ve learned during class-time. By building application exercises into the training workshops themselves, you provide trainees with a safe place to try new skills, where they can make mistakes and not worry about consequences (Noe & Colquitt, 2002).
- Regular feedback during training: Trainers also need to give feedback to employees while they are practicing their new skills. Feedback should be given both during practice and after exercises have been completed (Noe & Colquitt, 2002). It should also be directly related to how the trainee performed the task and never be focused on personal characteristics. For example, bad feedback might be “You are being such a clutz,” whereas better feedback would be “I noticed you dropped the lever a few times because you’re grip is incorrect. Let me show you…” (to learn more about the characteristics of effective feedback, read this article)
- Post-training environment: After training it is important that employees are given opportunities to perform the skills they’ve learned. If the post-training environment does not support this, research has shown that training will have little to no impact on trainee performance and organizational utility; that is, little or no ROI (Arthur et al., 2003).
Training programs that include these characteristics will consistently result in better employee outcomes (learning, behavior change, job performance) and organizational impact (utility, performance, turnover). And of course designing a training program is much more complicated than just following the rules above (e.g., you have to determine the method of training deliver, training materials, etc.). This article is meant to be a reminder to focus on the things that really matter.
Arthur, W., Jr., Bennett Jr., W., Edens, P. S., & Bell, S. T. (2003). Effectiveness of training in organizations: A meta-analysis of design and evaluation features. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 234–245.
Guzzo, R. A., Jette, R. D., & Katzell, R. A. (1985). The effects of psychologically based intervention programs on worker productivity: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 38, 275-291.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35 year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57, 705–717.
Noe, R. A. (2008). Employee training and development (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Irwin-McGraw.
Noe, R. A., & Colquitt J. A. (2002). Planning for training impact: Principles of training effectiveness. In K. Kraiger (Ed.), Creating, implementing, and maintaining effective training and development: State-of-the-art lessons for practice (pp. 53–79). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Surface, E. A. (2012). Training needs assessment: Aligning learning and capability with performance requirements and organizational objectives. In M. A. Wilson, W. Bennett, S. Gibson, & G. M. Alliger (Eds.), The handbook of work analysis: The methods, systems, applications and science of work measurement in organizations (pp. 439–464). New York, NY: Routledge Academic.
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…You did not choose me but I chose you. And I appointed you to go and bear fruit, fruit that will last, so that the Father will give you whatever you ask him in my name. I am giving you these commands so that you may love one another.”
As we push into this back half of the Easter season, we continue to be prepared by the risen Christ to be an Easter community. Now that we have lived through the Three Days, come to empty tomb, and been met by the risen Christ, God shaping and transforming us into a new creation, into a new family of faith, a community tasked with being Christ’s Body given for the the sake of the world.
We continue hearing Jesus speak to his disciples from the moment of the last supper, words that began with the image of the vine and the branches last week. Today, Jesus is giving final instructions. Preparations for leaving. Jesus is giving his disciples and friends some last words to live by as a community.
As the disciples eat their last meal with Jesus, and as he leaves this commandment to love one other, their whole world was changing.
3 years prior, they had been called to this ministry by the wandering teacher and rabbi. They had followed him around Galilee as he preached, performed miracles, exercised demons and met with the crowds. But lately Jesus was clashing more and more with the religious authorities, he was talking about dying, he was describing a new future for his community of followers… one where they took on more responsibility.
And now, now in Jerusalem, Jesus has come riding in like a king. He had been met by the cheering crowds but tensions were high. And the sentiment of the city was changing. The authorities seemed to be planing something.
This was a world of danger. This was a world of risk. And this community of Jesus’ followers was under threat. Their little community was in danger of crumbling. It would be easy to just abandon ship. It would be easy to run and hide. It would be easy to just look for themselves and run.
This frightened and scared group of followers was who Jesus was talking to. All the talk of a command to love, the reminder that they were his friends, that they were chosen by God. Jesus was worried that his followers might crumble and fall apart under the tense pressure of Holy Week. And he was right. Judas betrayed him. The rest fell asleep in the garden, Peter denied him in the courtyard and the rest fled.
Certainly, we know what it is to live in a world surrounded by threats and danger. We know what it is to run the risk fo crumbling.
With our communities trying to do what is best for our community and for our neighbours, we have been running the risk of crumbling. We have been in danger by forces outside of us and beyond our control. The reality of our own fragility, the possibility that our gathering might cause sickness and death has been held up to us nearly daily for year.
Still, long before the pandemic, churches have been facing the threat of decline, the loss of social pressures that helped folks just show up at our doors and become members.
And we haven’t been very good at dealing with this squeeze and this pressure. We have often taken the same routes the disciples have. We have hidden ourselves away at times, we have pulled back from community when things were hard, we have even denied knowing Jesus when it become uncomfortable to admit that we did.
And like Jesus’ disciples, we have started to crumble and fall apart. The church in our time has not always been a shining example of love for each other and the world that Jesus describes today.
So with his disciples frightened and afraid, with the church of 2021 frightened and afraid, Jesus reminds all of his disciples what this community is about and what it means to belong to one another and to belong to God.
As Jesus leaves these final instructions with the disciples, he isn’t scolding them for their fears and struggles of the present. Jesus is speaking about what is to come. Jesus is preparing them for a new future and a new reality. Abide in me as I have abided in you. Love each other as I have loved you. Bear good fruit, just as I have born fruit in you. Treat one another as friends, just as you are now my friends.
And then Jesus speaks one brief and short sentence. Perhaps the most important of all the instructions:
You did not choose me, but I chose you.
Hear the words of Jesus again:
You did not choose me, but I chose you.
Jesus reminds the disciples of this key and important truth of God’s mission in the world. God is the one doing the choosing. All along the way, as Peter tries to choose a different less dangerous path for Jesus. And Judas tries to get Jesus to show his true power by having Jesus arrested, hoping the Messiah will fight back and topple the Roman rule. As the temple authorities, Romans and the crowds try to gain power and control by putting Jesus, and therefore God, to death on the cross. Jesus chooses a different path. God chooses to face sin and death head on. And God chooses life. God chooses now.
Just like the disciples, we are tempted to crumble apart in the face of adversity. We are temped look out only for ourselves, to pull back from our sibling in Christ to protect ourselves.
Yet, in the midst of the dangers around us, in the midst of the struggles we face, the uncertainty we face, Jesus is calling us to remember who are. To remember who God has named us to be.
Jesus is reminding us that God has chosen us, we did not choose God. God has chosen us to be an Easter people. People claimed and gathered from the foot of the cross and taken to the empty tomb. People who might want to hide away, but to whom Jesus has appeared and given us peace.
Jesus has chosen us even in locked away homes, even when we cannot see one another face to face, Jesus has binds us together even with online worship, zoom gatherings, text messages and phone calls. Jesus makes us one body, though scattered through the shared word of Good News that we hear together week after week.
It might feel like it is all we can do but crumble in face of a third wave, more lockdowns and a promises end of the pandemic that just doesn’t seem to be getting closer. But Jesus’ disciples have been here before, they have faced all but certain ends to their community….
And the risen Christ has carried them through. The risen Christ has called them from their hiding places, locked doors and graves. This God of New Life that knows and claims us, binds back together in love. Not a commandment to follow, but a naming of the thing that holds us together. God’s love for us, and our love for each other.
Today, God reminds us again, when we most need to hear it: You did not choose me, but I chose you.
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Single-stage rotary vane vacuum pump and double rotary vane vacuum pump lubrication method is the basic difference between their different scope of application. Rather than double rotary vane vacuum pump itself has the ability to produce low ultimate pressure than double rotary vane vacuum pump in efficient fractionation effect to make it more suitable for working under low intensity (less than 1 torr).
Decomposition of oil pollution from the final to appear in the oil level in the atmosphere and its effect on the performance of the first level is not too big, which means that the two oil change between a long time can work satisfactorily. Using gas ballast will help to get the oil purification effect, and at the entrance of the pump, will only add a few parts per thousand Torr, partial pressure of air at the same time reduces the noise in work. Even in the absence of town gas, double rotary vane vacuum pump noise level generally lower than the single-stage rotary vane vacuum pump. The high rate of oil flow in the atmospheric level of hydraulic noise, in the high vacuum stage does not exist. Low oil flow rate makes the double rotary vane vacuum pump is suitable for working under low pressure, and not suitable for continuous work under high pressure.
For large gas mass flow, when the high vacuum level if run out of oil reservoir, in the face of strong turbulence, oil is not backwash of flow into the pump chamber. So, when must be under strong pressure (about l0Torr above) continues to work, should be mandatory to provide oil for lubrication.
Single-stage rotary vane vacuum pump lubrication system is based on the differential principle, it is in less than 500-600 torr under pressure, can work well. When the inlet pressure is higher, the oil gas reflux blocked the flow of oil, only mandatory oil in more than 500 torr under the pressure of work continuously. When must deal with large mass denier flow rates, single-stage rotary vane vacuum pumps usually consider set up oil and gas separator.
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New features based on teacher and student feedback during the pandemic make Canvas easier for young learners to use
Salt Lake City, UT /PRNewswire/ - Today at ISTE Live 2021, Instructure launched the Canvas for Elementary user experience, a combination of features that make Canvas more user-friendly for elementary students. The new features were developed using feedback collected during the pandemic and thoughtfully designed to more closely mimic an elementary school classroom, supporting both in-person and hybrid learning environments. Among the updates are a new dashboard, subject cards, and schedule to orient the student when logging in and help them focus on what needs to be accomplished.
Visit the Canvas booth at #ISTELive, and check out the "Canvas for the Littles" presentation today, June 28, at 11:00 am PDT / 2:00 pm EDT.
"The most important factor in any educational setting is high-quality teaching," said Trenton Goble, VP of K-12 Strategy at Instructure. "Since hybrid learning will continue to impact schools, our job is to develop resources that enable that amazing teaching and engagement to shine through in a variety of environments. We know that younger learners have different needs and priorities, and this new bundle of features makes it even easier for elementary age students to use Canvas."
Last week Instructure released new research that explores how the pandemic has impacted K-12 education. The report found that hybrid teaching and learning will continue. 81% of educators say that technology will become increasingly important in teaching and learning moving forward, and 67% believe remote learning will impact classroom practices in the future. At the same time fostering and maintaining student engagement is critical, with 92% of teachers ranking it as the number one priority.
"Canvas for Elementary will provide our students and teachers with a simplified interface that allows students to get where they need to be quickly, focus on the learning, and lessen the possibility of getting lost along the way," said Adam Wiseman, Digital Learning and Innovation Coordinator for McDowell High School in Marion, North Carolina. "Additionally, it aids the teacher in streamlining the learning experience for students, while still giving the teacher access to all the Canvas features and customization they are used to. As a result of the success of Canvas for Elementary, our future goal is to push Canvas district-wide."
Canvas for Elementary is now available to all Canvas users at no additional cost, and includes:
The new visual dashboard creates a digital classroom that more closely reflects the physical classroom experience for elementary students, giving them confidence to use the online tools in Canvas LMS.
Improved Accessibility & Visual Navigation
Updated fonts make letters and numbers more distinguishable, while meeting accessibility guidelines. All tabs include an icon that makes it easier for young readers to navigate with visual cues. Easy-to-access tabs provide overviews of schedules and grades for all subjects.
Personalization & Welcome Features
To make learning more personal for the student, the new homeroom dashboard will welcome the student with their name when they log in. For further personalization, teachers are able to add text and video announcements to help orient their students to priorities for the day or week.
The Homeroom Dashboard is organized in subjects (instead of courses) to reflect the typical elementary classroom experience where students are in one class, with one teacher, learning multiple subjects each day. Subject cards can easily be renamed and may include valuable information for students, like which assignments are due, any missing assignments, and announcement teasers specific to the subject.
Similar to an agenda students would see every day on a whiteboard, the student schedule is a student overview of their schedule by day. For remote learning and video calls, there will be an easy link to class conferences so students can quickly know where and when to attend.
The new Comment Library saves teachers time by allowing them to choose from common feedback to submitted student work, so students know how they did and how they can improve.
Teachers can upload a file as a student annotation assignment giving students the ability to annotate the assignment within the LMS using Canvas.
Instructure is an education technology company dedicated to elevating student success, amplifying the power of teaching, and inspiring everyone to learn together. Today the Instructure Learning Platform supports more than 30 million educators and learners around the world. Learn more at www.instructure.com.
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Peritonitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies, and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. However, mortality rates remain high despite advances in surgical techniques, antimicrobial therapy, and intensive care support.[2,3] The 2009 updated guidelines for managing patients with intra-abdominal infection recommend rapid fluid resuscitation, early initiation of antibiotics, and appropriate source-control procedures.
Numerous studies have tried to identify prognostic biomarkers in critically ill patients. Of those identified, lactates or lactate clearance,[5,6] base excess, and serum pro-calcitonin (PCT) are used most often in clinical practice. In addition, many scoring systems, such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and the Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) systems, have been introduced to estimate disease severity and prognosis in critically ill patients.
However, with the exception of the MPI system, none of the scoring systems mentioned above is specific for peritonitis. Furthermore, these scoring systems are difficult to implement and little help during decision-making in alone. Few studies have evaluated risk factors in critically ill surgical patients with peritonitis. It is important that these risk factors be identified to stratify risks and optimize perioperative care. Accordingly, we performed this study to identify perioperative risk factors for in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients after emergency gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
2 Materials and method
2.1 Setting and population
This study was performed using a retrospective cohort design. The analysis was conducted using the records of a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at a single tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data of 500 patients who underwent emergency GI surgery for peritonitis between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed. One hundred thirty-eight patients admitted to a general ward postoperatively or who were below 20 years of age were excluded. Finally, 362 patients were enrolled. Approval for this study was obtained beforehand from our institutional review board (IRB No. 4–2015–0424).
2.2 Variables and definition
Demographic data, such as age, sex, underlying disease, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score, APACHE II score, and cause of peritonitis, were collected. Lengths of hospital stays, lengths of ICU stays, durations of mechanical ventilation, and information on re-operations were collected and analyzed. Perioperative biochemical parameters, such as hemoglobin (Hb) levels, renal function test results, arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) findings, serum albumin levels, and the presence of septic shock, were analyzed. Blood culture and peritoneal fluid culture results and times of antibiotic administration were included among perioperative variables. Operative variables were evaluated by surgical approach, operation type, and anatomic origin.
Preoperative biochemical parameters were measured immediately after emergency admission, or for in-patients, were the poorest recorded during the 24 hours before surgery. Postoperative biochemical parameters were measured immediately after surgery.
Initially broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered empirically, and these were changed to specific antibiotics after obtaining blood culture or peritoneal fluid culture results. First results available after hospital arrival were viewed as preoperative biochemical parameters.
Septic shock was defined by a systolic arterial pressure <90 mm Hg, a mean arterial pressure <60 mm Hg, or in case of using vasopressors.
Patients were divided into 2 groups: survivors (n = 307) and nonsurvivors (n = 55). These 2 groups were compared with respect to perioperative biochemical and clinical variables.
2.3 Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Co. Armonk, NY). Categorical data were compared using the chi-square or Fisher exact test, and continuous variables were compared using the independent t test or Mann–Whiney U test. The continuous variables were converted into categorical variables for the analysis. Factors found to be significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.05) by univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis, which was performed using the logistic regression model using the maximum likelihood method and backward stepwise selection. Goodness of fit was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.
3.1 Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes
Of the 362 study subjects, 307 (84.8%) survived and 55 (15.2%) patients died. Overall mean subject age was 62.4 ± 15.0 years. Mean age, sex, and underlying diseases were nonsignificantly different in the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. Mean APACHE II scores in the 2 groups were 18.3 ± 6.1 and 22.9 ± 6.8, respectively (P < 0.001). Malignancy of the GI tract was the most common cause of bowel perforation (Table 1).
Nonsurvivors stayed in the ICU longer, and more frequently required mechanical ventilation (Table 2).
3.2 Analysis of perioperative biochemical parameters
Preoperative anemia (Hb <10 g/dL) was detected in 37 patients, and was more common in nonsurvivors (39.3%) than in survivors (11.8%). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (P = 0.008), whereas serum creatinine levels were no different in the 2 groups. Initial hyperlactatemia (>4 mmol/L) was more common in nonsurvivors (37.7% vs 19.8 %; P = 0.073), and hypoalbuminemia (<2.7 g/dL) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (P < 0.001) (Table 3). Laparoscopic surgery was more frequently performed in survivors (Table 4).
Univariate analysis of postoperative data identified anemia, elevated BUN, hyperlactatemia, base deficit, hypoalbuminemia, and shock as significant factors (Table 5).
3.3 Independent risk factors by multivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis revealed preoperative anemia (odds ratio [OR] 5.109, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.292–20.205, P = 0.020), preoperative hypoalbuminemia (OR 10.692, 95% CI 2.321–49.248, P = 0.002), cancer-related peritonitis (OR 9.664, 95% CI 2.304–40.533, P = 0.002), and postoperative hyperlactatemia (OR 5.337, 95% CI = 1.418–20.094, P = 0.013) independently predicted in-hospital mortality (Table 6).
In our cohort of critically ill surgical patients of mean age of 60 years who had undergone emergency GI surgery, overall in-hospital mortality was 15.2% which concurs with previous studies.[1,3,15,16] Although previous studies have found age and sex are risk factors of mortality among peritonitis patients,[1,17,18] we observed no significant effect.
Elevated blood lactate levels have been used to define the prognostic value of occult hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxemia in critically ill patients. A lactate level of ≥4 mmol/L has been reported to be highly specific (89%–99%) for predicting acute-phase mortality and in-hospital mortality. In recent years, several reports have been issued on the use of lactate level as a prognostic factor for technical surgery, particularly cardiovascular surgery or for patients with sepsis due to colorectal perforation. In the present study, postoperative hyperlactatemia (≥4 mmol/L) was observed in the nonsurvivor group (37.7%) and had a specificity of 81.4%. However, multivariate analysis did not show it as a significant independent risk factor.
Acidosis, base deficit, and bicarbonate levels have been considered important outcome markers in conventionally resuscitated patients, and acidosis at admission has been reported to be associated with higher mortality in the ICU.[7,20] Serum lactate levels are closely related to metabolic acidosis in septic patients, and lactic acidosis also has been found to predict mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. However, in present study, multivariate analysis did not identify base deficit as an independent risk factor.
Cancer-related peritonitis was developed in 21% of 362 study subjects, and univariate analysis showed it to be related to mortality (P < 0.001). Malignancy is included in MPI as a risk factor, and the presence of malignant disease is known to be associated with mortality in peritonitis. We could not get the parameter to calculate the MPI due to the missing data. In the present study, GI cancer was one of them main causes of bowel perforation, and its mortality rate was higher than other causes of peritonitis.
Hypoalbuminemia is commonly developed in acute disease with several mechanisms. Because the half-life of albumin is about 20 days, it is not a good parameter for identifying or quantifying malnutrition. However, several studies have reported preoperative hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor of postoperative complications or death.[22–24] On the contrary, unlike preoperative albumin, albumin at 24 hours postoperatively seems to inadequately predict mortality. Our findings regarding the relation between hypoalbuminemia and in-hospital mortality concur with previous studies.[22–25]
Preoperative anemia is known to be independently associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients undergoing cardiac and noncardiac surgery, and intraoperative hemorrhage and transfusions are associated with poor prognosis.[27,28] In the present study, preoperative anemia was also found to be an independent risk factor of mortality. It might be associated with the poor patient condition, such as malnutrition, underlying malignancies, or sepsis.
The present study has a number of limitations, which are listed as follows:
- It was conducted at a single tertiary university hospital, so many of the study subjects had an underlying malignancy, and their mean age was relatively high at 60 years. And thus, as mentioned above, age was not found to be a risk factor of mortality.
- Because of the limited patient numbers and groups, risk factors showed wide confidence indices and our results cannot represent all patients who undergo emergency surgery for secondary peritonitis.
- The study was conducted using a retrospective design, and thus, some data were missing, and the timing sampling was not well-controlled. Furthermore, preoperative resuscitation was not performed under the protocol, and emergency department management processes were not adequately recorded and monitored.
- Time from arrival to surgery was not controlled, and the study subjects included emergency room admissions and in-patients, which prevented analysis of the relation between time from arrival and surgery in many cases.
- The MPIs were not calculated, and duration of the symptoms could not be included in the analysis due to missing records.
In critically ill surgical patients who underwent emergency GI surgery, cancer-related peritonitis, preoperative anemia (Hb <10 g/dL), and preoperative hypoalbuminemia (<2.7 mg/dL) had been found by multivariate analysis to be independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality. The recognition of risk factors at an early stage could aid risk stratification and the provision of optimal perioperative care.
1. Singh R, Kumar N, Bhattacharya A, et al Preoperative predictors of mortality
in adult patients with perforation peritonitis. Indian J Crit Care Med
2. Schneider CP, Seyboth C, Vilsmaier M, et al Prognostic factors in critically ill patients suffering from secondary peritonitis: a retrospective, observational, survival time analysis. World J Surg
3. Wacha H, Hau T, Dittmer R, et al Risk factors associated with intra-abdominal infections: a prospective multicenter study. Peritonitis Study Group. Langenbecks Arch Surg
4. Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, et al Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Surg Infect (Larchmt)
5. Okorie ON, Dellinger P. Lactate: biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Crit Care Clin
6. Nguyen HB, Rivers EP, Knoblich BP, et al Early lactate clearance is associated with improved outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med
7. Smith I, Kumar P, Molloy S, et al Base excess and lactate as prognostic indicators for patients admitted to intensive care. Intensive Care Med
8. Pupelis G, Drozdova N, Mukans M, et al Serum procalcitonin is a sensitive marker for septic shock and mortality
in secondary peritonitis. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther
9. Ho KM, Dobb GJ, Knuiman M, et al A comparison of admission and worst 24-hour Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores in predicting hospital mortality
: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care
10. Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA
11. Minne L, Abu-Hanna A, de Jonge E. Evaluation of SOFA-based models for predicting mortality
in the ICU: a systematic review. Crit Care
12. Linder MM, Wacha H, Feldmann U, et al The Mannheim peritonitis index. An instrument for the intraoperative prognosis of peritonitis. Chirurg
13. Gunning K, Rowan K. ABC of intensive care: outcome data and scoring systems. BMJ
14. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med
15. Rhodes A, Moreno RP, Metnitz B, et al Epidemiology and outcome following post-surgical admission to critical care. Intensive Care Med
16. Azoulay E, Adrie C, De Lassence A, et al Determinants of postintensive care unit mortality
: a prospective multicenter study. Crit Care Med
17. Moller MH, Shah K, Bendix J, et al Risk factors in patients surgically treated for peptic ulcer perforation. Scand J Gastroenterol
2009; 44:145–152.[2 p following 152].
18. Notash AY, Salimi J, Rahimian H, et al Evaluation of Mannheim peritonitis index and multiple organ failure score in patients with peritonitis. Indian J Gastroenterol
19. Shimazaki J, Motohashi G, Nishida K, et al Postoperative arterial blood lactate level as a mortality
marker in patients with colorectal perforation. Int J Colorectal Dis
20. Balasubramanyan N, Havens PL, Hoffman GM. Unmeasured anions identified by the Fencl-Stewart method predict mortality
better than base excess, anion gap, and lactate in patients in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med
21. Lee SW, Hong YS, Park DW, et al Lactic acidosis not hyperlactatemia as a predictor of in hospital mortality
in septic emergency patients. Emerg Med J
22. Franch-Arcas G. The meaning of hypoalbuminaemia in clinical practice. Clin Nutr
23. Yap FH, Joynt GM, Buckley TA, et al Association of serum albumin concentration and mortality
risk in critically ill patients. Anaesth Intensive Care
24. Gibbs J, Cull W, Henderson W, et al Preoperative serum albumin level as a predictor of operative mortality
and morbidity: results from the National VA Surgical Risk Study. Arch Surg
25. Lee SH, Jang JY, Lee JG. Clinical significance of postoperative prealbumin and albumin levels in critically ill patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute peritonitis. Korean J Crit Care Med
26. Musallam KM, Tamim HM, Richards T, et al Preoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet
27. Bernard AC, Davenport DL, Chang PK, et al Intraoperative transfusion of 1 U to 2 U packed red blood cells is associated with increased 30-day mortality
, surgical-site infection, pneumonia, and sepsis in general surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg
2009; 208:931–937.[937 e931–932; discussion 938–939].
28. Wu WC, Smith TS, Henderson WG, et al Operative blood loss, blood transfusion, and 30-day mortality
in older patients after major noncardiac surgery. Ann Surg
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Today, the threat of rabies to American horses may seem remote. Vaccination against the disease is extremely effective and affordable. And rabies is rare in the United States: Only 25 cases were reported among horses and mules in 2014, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. You need not lie awake at night worrying about rabies.
But you don’t want to become complacent, either. Usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, rabies is invariably fatal—the virus ravages a horse’s nervous system and there is no cure. In fact, rabies has the highest mortality rate of any infectious disease—functionally 100 percent since euthanasia is the only option once signs of illness appear. And reservoirs of rabies virus continue to exist in the wild, causing periodic outbreaks of the disease that pose a risk to both wild and domesticated animals.
All of which means that even as you vaccinate your horse against rabies, it’s wise to remember the threat the disease poses and remain vigilant.
How rabies infection happens
The rabies virus is spread through the saliva of infected animals. In the United States, the main reservoirs for the disease in the wild are raccoons, skunks, foxes and bats. Rabies has been reported in every state except for Hawaii. Wild animals commonly pass the virus to others of their own kind, but susceptibility to the infection varies among species—for example, to become infected an opossum needs a dose of rabies virus 50,000 times higher than the amount it takes to infect a fox.
Horses typically become infected when a rabid animal wanders into their pasture or enclosure. Rabid animals don’t necessarily attack horses, but a curious horse may sniff the visitor, startling it and leading to a bite.
Equine rabies infection is considered “spillover” of the virus, meaning horses can contract rabies but only rarely pass it on. Routine handling or exposure to a horse’s blood, urine or feces generally does not pose a risk. However, rabies can be transmitted to a person or another animal if an infected horse’s saliva comes in contact with the eyes, nose or mouth or a skin wound or abrasion. In some cases, a rabid horse at first seems colicky, exposing people as they care for him. Later, when the true nature of the problem is determined, the owner, veterinarians and others who had contact with the horse may need to undergo preventive measures.
The damage rabies does
Once the rabies virus enters a horse’s body, it invades the nearest peripheral nerve cell. It then replicates, passing from cell to cell, working its way to the brain. In most cases, a horse won’t show any sign of disease during the incubation period, which can last for weeks or months depending on the dose of the virus and the location of the bite. For example, a horse bitten on the muzzle may show signs of rabies within a day or two, while one bitten on the leg may not become ill for weeks because the virus must travel farther to reach the brain.
There are two forms of rabies in horses. In the “furious” form, generally seen after a bite to the head, the horse becomes aggressive and agitated before paralysis of the face and tongue sets in. The inability of these horses to drink, and their frustration with that, often gives the impression that they are afraid of water. In fact, rabies was historically and mistakenly referred to as “hydrophobia.” But a rabid horse is not afraid of water; he simply cannot drink it. A horse with the furious form of rabies can be extremely dangerous—unpredictable, aggressive and violent.
In the “dumb” form of rabies, typically seen after a bite to a limb, the horse becomes gradually more depressed and weak until he is unable to rise. With this form, the characteristic paralysis of muscles on the face and head takes longer to appear than in the furious form; when it does, it is often signaled by drooling as the virus enters the salivary glands.
Regardless of the form, the earliest stages of rabies can be confused with other diseases, particularly those with a neurological component, such as equine0 protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) or West0 Nile encephalitis. Misdiagnosis is more likely to occur if the bite wound goes undetected. Within a few days, however, the rapidly spreading paralysis makes it clear something more sinister is at work.
Safeguards against rabies
Obviously, the best way to protect your horse from rabies is through annual vaccinations. The American Association of Equine Practitioners classifies rabies as a core vaccine, which means it is recommended for all horses regardless of life stage, lifestyle or location. Currently, three licensed rabies vaccines are available for horses; all are killed-virus products administered annually to mature horses.
Rabies is a reportable disease, which means that a veterinarian is required by law to notify public health officials about potential cases, and management of those cases must conform to state and local health regulations.
If a vaccinated horse may have been exposed to rabies—perhaps a bite wound is found on his leg, for example, or a sick raccoon is discovered in his field—a veterinarian will likely recommend the administration of a “booster” vaccination to ensure that his immune system can fight off the pathogen. (Laboratory tests to check titers of rabies antibodies in a horse’s blood are not a reliable indicator of protection, and there is no risk of overdose with another vaccination.) After the booster is administered, the horse will also be observed for at least 45 days for any signs of rabies.
If an unvaccinated horse is bitten by a rabid animal or otherwise exposed to the disease, the course of action will depend on several factors. In some cases, immediate euthanasia may be recommended. An option in other situations may be immediate vaccination followed by strict isolation and observation for signs of disease for a minimum of six months.
Finally, research by Texas state public health officials has shown that the rabies postexposure prophylaxis protocol (PEP) for domestic animals mandated by the state can be effective in preventing the disease. The Texas PEP calls for immediate vaccination against rabies, a strict isolation period of 90 days, and the administration of booster vaccinations during the third and eighth weeks of isolation. However, because of the public health implications, states and localities have regulations specifying how cases of rabies exposure must be handled; a PEP protocol may not be allowed under those regulations.
Don’t miss out! With the free weekly EQUUS newsletter, you’ll get the latest horse health information delivered right to your in basket! If you’re not already receiving the EQUUS newsletter, click here to sign up. It’s *free*!
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Written Assignment -Essay Series: Evaluative Essay Final Draft
In last week’s written assignment, you composed a draft of the evaluative essay where you were to provide a criticism of a film, television show, album, work of art, or piece of literature and provide valid arguments for why you believe the work is, or is not, worth experiencing.
This week, use your instructor’s feedback on the draft, the Peer Review Services, Strategies for Revision or other Rasmussen resources to help you revise and polish the essay.
Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document.
ATTACHED IS THE ROUGH DRAFT
BELOW are the teachers comments to the rough draftI am awarding full points for the draft phase of this paper as long as the basic parts are included and the basic criteria met. You earned partial points for an incomplete draft that is missing key pieces. Please be aware that this does not mean the current grade for the paper is 100 percent. Your projected grade at this point is a 25/60 grade . As you review your comments inserted in this paper, you will see a number/letter combination. Each combination corresponds with feedback on the detailed rubric I am attaching below. Please use the number/letter combination to review the specific areas of feedback on the attached detailed rubric (instructions included in the attachment). Use the feedback to revise your current paper. Please contact me with questions. Thanks
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Cyber security is the practice of protecting electronic systems from attacks and unauthorized access. Cybersecurity can be divided into two broad categories: network security and information security. You may also get navigate to this website to know more about Cyber Security Company.
Image source: Google
Network security oversees the security of the network infrastructure, including firewalls, intrusion detection, and prevention systems, and encryption technology. Information security focuses on protecting electronic information from unauthorized access, destruction, or alteration.
The leading cyber security company is usually determined by its ability to provide comprehensive cyber security solutions that meet the specific needs of a business. Cybersecurity can include everything from protecting corporate networks to providing secure online transactions.
Some common measures taken to protect businesses against cybercrime include installing antivirus software, updating malware definitions, and implementing strong passwords.
The leading cyber security company will also have experts on staff who can help businesses address specific threats, such as phishing attacks or data breaches.
Symantec has been in the business of providing cyber security services for over 30 years and is one of the most recognized brands in the world. Their products cover a wide range of areas, including email protection, malware removal, and data encryption.
Overall, these are all considered leading cyber security companies. They each have their strengths and weaknesses, but collectively they are some of the best in the business when it comes to protecting against cyber attacks.
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Cabinetry door overlay options
The diagram below is a basic example of the three main overlay options in cabinetry
- Partial overlay – as the name implies- it partially covers the the frame of the cabinet and reveals the face frame behind it. This is often a more cost effective option.
- inset overlay- this option is where the door is acually inside the frame of the cabinet. this is a flush door option and is a premium option as the doors are made to fit the openings.
- Full overlay- this option is where the door covers virtually all of the face frame. it is available on both framed and frameless cabinetry
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MinervaBMJ 2000; 321 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7262.714 (Published 16 September 2000) Cite this as: BMJ 2000;321:714
The effects of air pollution on individuals are usually small, although a European study initiated by the World Health Organization shows that the damage can be substantial at the population level (Lancet 2000;356:795-801). The investigators estimate that air pollution causes 6% of all deaths, half a million asthma attacks, and 16 million person days of lost productivity each year in Austria, France, and Switzerland. Traffic is the main culprit, they say.
The American Society for Testing Methods tests medical gloves by filling them with a litre of water and watching for leaks (Archives of Surgery 2000;135:982-5). In general, gloves made without latex and those with a low latex content leak more than standard latex gloves, according to research from Virginia. Approval by the Food and Drug Administration is no guarantee of quality, say the researchers, who tested 3720 gloves of various types. Nearly a quarter of approved brands leaked more than the permitted 2.5%.
How soon after a propofol anaesthetic should people be allowed to drive? When serum concentrations of the drug fall to about 0.2 µg/ml (British Journal of Anaesthesia 2000; 85: 396-400). Experiments …
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Black History Month was first celebrated in the UK in October 1987. Over 30 years later, it's become a time to celebrate the culture and contributions of Black Britons, as well as the African diaspora around the world.
Whether you’re a student or a member of staff, you can help us celebrate by contributing to our Black History Month Recommendations list. Tell us about your favourite culture by black and minority ethnic artists and creators - whether it's films or TV shows, books, music, theatre, or anything else you want others to know about – and say a little something about why you’re recommending it. Did it highlight something important, or make you think about things from a different perspective? Did it make you feel empowered? Or is it a great piece of culture you think others would enjoy?
Make your submission by October 16th for consideration for our list, to be launched on October 26th!
Throughout October we are also sharing activities happening online run by different community groups as well as highlighting influential BAME people. On Tuesday 13th at 7pm we are running a film screening event with another Scottish charity. The film is 'Cooked: Survival by Zip Code', a one hour documentary looking at the Chicago heatwave of 1995 where 739 people lost their lives - with the majority of these deaths being in black communities. This leads to a critique of disasters: what counts as a disaster; national disaster preparedness; and who has the privilege to prepare for such events. If you would like to watch this film with us, please email firstname.lastname@example.org to express your interest.
On 28th of October we will have a day jam packed with content and activities from different curriculum areas of the College as well as live content from our full-time officers and a previous student. This will be hosted on Facebook, so keep your eyes peeled for more information to come!
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University's Upward Bound students perform day of service at the Reynolds Homestead
The students split in half for two different service projects during the July 10 workday. One group worked at the historic slave cemetery, which is separate from the Reynolds family cemetery. They cleared off the graves, pulled weeds, and removed an old fence. The other group took on the Friendship Garden, also on the grounds of the Reynolds Homestead.
“This place is pretty, but it needs work,” said Brandon Vennable, a student from Narrows High School, as he took his first look at the garden.
The students pulled weeds, trimmed trees and shrubs, and mulched the entire garden.
The students reunited at the cemetery to work together on putting down the mulch walkways that wind through the cemetery. The project was not only filled with hard work but also many laughs as the students worked together to improve the grounds.
“This is really great; I am so proud of you,” Kay Dunkley, director of the Continuing Education Center at the Reynolds Homestead, said to all of the students. At the end of the day the students went home feeling successful. “This is great, I feel like I have accomplished something in my life,” said Brandon Williams, of Lynchburg, a student at E.C. Glass High School, who says he had never worked with garden equipment before.
Upward Bound does a service project every summer during the on-campus program. This year they helped out not only at the Reynolds Homestead, but also by working on the Huckleberry Trail and the Interfaith Food Pantry in Blacksburg.
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is provided in Table S1. We show in Figure 1a the grain size distributions for Bentheim, Diemelstadt and Bleurswiller sandstones which have been documented to develop com-paction bands in the laboratory. These three sandstones have relatively narrow grain size distributions that range up to only 300 mm. Figure 1b shows our data for Boise sand The grain-size parameters show that most of the sandstones are very fine to fine grained, moderately well sorted, mostly near-symmetrical and mesokurtic in nature. The abundance of very fine to fine grained sandstones indicate the dominance of low energy environment grain sandstone was easier than fine-grain sandstone due to fewer cementing material inside pore volume of coarse-grain sandstone. In other word, those studies showed that the hardness of fine-grain sandstone was higher than that of coarse-grain sandstone. However, Eberhardt et al. (1999) reported that grain size has only a minor effect o
Sandstone is medium-grained, meaning its fragments are between 1/16 mm and 2 mm. Silt forms fine-grained siltstone, with fragments between 1/16 mm and 1/256 mm. Anything less than 1/256 mm results in either claystone or mudstone. Two types of mudstone are shale and argillite, which is shale that has undergone very low-grade metamorphism To a geologist, the word sand in sandstone refers to the particle size of the grains in the rock, rather than the material of which it is composed. Sand-size particles range in size from 1/16 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter. Sandstones are rocks composed primarily of sand-size grains Formation of the sandstones are cemented grains that may either be fragments of a pre-existing rock or be mono-minerallic crystals. The cements binding these grains together are typically calcite, clays, and silica. Grain sizes in sands are defined (in geology) within the range of 0.0625 mm to 2 mm (0.0025-0.08 inches) Grain-size distribution pattern shows very fine, and fine sands constitute the grain framework of the reservoir sandstone and a minor amount of silt and medium sands with an insignificant amount. The chosen sandstone from the Gildehaus Quarry in the Bentheim formation has isotropic mechanical properties and has quite a small grain size of ~0.2 mm making it even more challenging to represent and model. Further details of this kind of sandstone are available in literatures. 53, 54. 2.1. Construction of the sandstone microstructure mode
Grain size is the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be applied to other granular materials. This is different from the crystallite size, which refers to the size of a single crystal inside a particle or grain. A single grain can be composed of several crystals. Granular material can range from very small colloidal particles, through clay, silt, sand, gravel, and cobbles, to boulders A generalized dispersion routine (KRUMBEIN PETTIJOHN, 1938, pp.70-75) was and used in the preparation of samples before determining the grain size distribution. The sandstones containing more than 5 0 x of 1-2 mm fraction were called very coarsegrained; 0.5-1 mm, coarse-grained; 0.254.5 mrn, medium-grained; and 0.1-0.25 mrn, fine-grained
Grain sizes for sandstones can be characterized in the Wentworth scale (Very Coarse, Coarse, Medium, Fine, Very Fine) or further classified by the Krumbein phi scale. The phi (φ) scale, created by W. C. Krumbein in 1937, is a logarithmic scale computed by the equation: ϕ = -log 2 grain size must be described independ-ently of mineral composition if sedimen-tary petrography is ever to reach a foot-ing as secure as that of igneous petrog-raphy. Confusion of grain size and min-eral composition is especially pro-nounced in the usage of the term gray-wacke, which has been applied indis-criminately to all clayey sandstones ( Sand grain size has a wide range of scale, from very coarse sand until very find sand. For the grain size measurement, its use a formula proposed by Krumbein in 1934, is based on the following relationship : Where Ф (phi) size and d is the grain diameter in milimeters Alibaba.com offers 654 grain size sandstone products. A wide variety of grain size sandstone options are available to you Keyword: what is the grain size of sandstone Search Times: 406 Welcome to search what is the grain size of sandstone by the following different content guide. Stone Product Search: what is the grain size of sandstone Stone Supplier Search: what is the grain size of sandstone Buying Request Search: what is the grain size of sandstone Stone Buyer Search: what is the grain size of sandstone
Sandstone is composed of sand-sized (0.06252 mm) mineral grains, rock fragments, or pieces of fossils which are held together by a mineral cement. It grades into siltstone, shale or mudstone (grains less than 0.0625 mm in diameter) and conglomerate (or breccia if the clasts are angular) if the average grain-size exceeds 2 mm 1 Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones make up about 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks The largest porosity, 28%, and largest average grain size, 0.42-0.45 mm, are found for layers 2 and 4, respectively, both of which contain pure compaction bands. Thick, shear-enhanced compaction bands are found in layers 2, 3, and 4, with layer 3 having n = 24% and R = 0.27 mm
Grain shape is determined by several factors, perhaps the most important being: Crystal properties such as habit and cleavage in the case of common minerals like quartz, feldspar or mica, Post-depositional changes like compaction (important in soft lithic fragments), size reduction by mineral dissolution or size enlargement by precipitation Critd(zy^tuuixlSTATEOFILLINOIS WILLIAMG.STRATTON,Governor DEPARTMENTOFREGISTRATIONANDEDUCATION VERAM.BINKS,Director VisualEstimatesof GrainSizeDistribution. Sandstone classification: There are MANY different classification schemes for sandstones, but the two defining parameters are: the relative abundance of: Framework (sand grains) matrix (mud) the composition of sand framework grains. These are refined by consideration of texture, including: grain size and distribution sorting rounding, fabri
The names in the above chart are root names and should be preceded by appropriate terms for any significant feature of the rock. The proper order is color, structure, grain size (sandstones only), minor constituents, cement, and root name Convolutional neural network results of grain size for 10.000 3D sub cubes with 64 3 voxels each for the Berea sandstone and for the synthetic rock sample of sintered spheres Sandstone is a sedimentary rock that is composed of sand size grain particles such as minerals, rock fragments or organic material. Sandstone is the most common rock type found throughout the world. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust The conduits for fluid flow (water, oil, gas) from one pore space to another are the narrow connections adjacent to grain contacts. These connections are commonly referred to as pore throats.Pore throats are susceptible to blockage during sediment compaction (lithic sandstones are prone to this) and by cementation, particularly clay cements
Keyword: grain size of sandstone Search Times: 265 Welcome to search grain size of sandstone by the following different content guide. Stone Product Search: grain size of sandstone Stone Supplier Search: grain size of sandstone Buying Request Search: grain size of sandstone Stone Buyer Search: grain size of sandstone Selling Leads Search: grain size of sandstone Sandstones are rocks made of sand-size grains. Shale is layered sedimentary rock made of fine mud-size grains too small to see with the naked eye. Chemical-- The key to naming chemical sedimentary rocks is the minerals from which they are made. For example, all limestones consist mostly of the mineral calcite Sandstone. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from cemented sand-sized clasts. The cement that binds the clasts can vary from clay minerals to calcite, silica or iron oxides. Sandstone can be further divided according to: Clast size - fine (0.06-0.2mm), medium (0.2-0.6mm), coarse (0.6-2mm); Sorting - a sandstone comprising a mixture of. Sandstones. Sandstones are siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that consist mainly of sand-size grains (clast diameters from 2 to 1 / 16 millimetre) either bonded together by interstitial chemical cement or lithified into a cohesive rock by the compaction of the sand-size framework component together with any interstitial primary (detrital) and secondary (authigenic) finer-grained matrix component Sand Grain Size Analysis Materials Needed Equipment: (per table) 1. 6 sets of sieves = 10, 18, 35, 60, 120, 230, pan (6 sieves and the pan) 2. Electronic Balances to measure mass of samples 3. Handlenses or stereo microscopes 4. Computers with a spreadsheet program 5. Dilute HC
Sandstone specimens with different grain sizes were tested under uniaxial compression at a range of strain rates to investigate the coupled influence of strain rate and grain size on the mechanical behaviour of sandstone. Average grain sizes of sandstones were 105.4 µm (fine grained, FG), 228 µm (medium grained, MG) and 321 µm (coarse grained, CG), and the considered strain rates were 10−. different grain size sandstone Source. OnePetro (1) Date. 2020 (1) to. Go SPE Disciplines. Highlight matches. Any in SPE Disciplines (1) Geologic Time. Highlight matches. Any in Geologic Time (1) Conference. SPE/AAPG/SEG Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (1) Publisher. Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (1 Buy new and great products on lulusoso for grain size sandstone The size of the grains selected for sample preparation depends on the purpose of the experimental investigation. In this research, to study the effect of grain size on sandstone properties, a wide range of grain size was used. The median grain size, D 50, (the mesh size where 50% of the grain pass through) was selected to be between 0.3 and 1. • Found to be Related to Presence of Sandstone • Lithology tool Surface Down hole The well works like a battery E = -K log (aw/amf) E is in millivolts aw= water salinity amf= mud salinity Gamma Ray Response to Grain Size 48. Relating log character to sedimentary facies Building a reservoir model model 1. Define facies in core 2. Relate.
China Grain Size Sandstone, China Grain Size Sandstone Suppliers and Manufacturers Directory - Source a Large Selection of Grain Size Sandstone Products at 42 size boobs,plus size lingerie,plus size dresses from China Alibaba.co Sat, 29 May 2021 #LOCANEX, Sandstone Grain Size /wiki/Sandstone (PDF) Influence of grain size, humidity and state of stress on the... The resultshows that sandstones have a mean grain size between 108 to 208 μm. Moderate to poorly sorted (phi scale ranges 0.56-1.5) grains show greater content of rounded constituents (43-68... /all-about-sediment-grain-size-1441194 What is Sandstone's grain. . Posted by
Spread the loveTable 6.1 The Udden-Wentworth grain-size scale for classifying sediments and the grains that make up sedimentary rocks. Physical properties of rocks are used to identify the type of rocks and to discover more about them. Sandstone Basics . Siltstone, Shale, Conglomerate, and Sandstone. Sand, as you may guess, forms sandstone. Because of the hardness of individual grains. relationship between porosity, permeability, and grain- size distribution of sands and sandstones The sandstone from Maghera enriched by soil mineralization contains relatively high levels of V, Co, Cu, Pb, and U. Comparison of the grain size fractions from Gardenstown showed that the composition of the two coarser fractions that were purely sand size was similar, but the finer size fraction that included mud had higher contents of trace.
¥Poorly sorted grains: wikipedia Sorting and Size ¥Well sorted sandstone: ÒThis is an example of well-rounded, clean sandstone. The green area is open pore space. This rock has high porosity and probably high permeability also. Ó ¥Poorly sorted sandstone: ÒPoorly sorted coarse sandstone. The spaces between the large, well-rounded grains. 2.2.4 Grain Size Distribution Real rocks contain a distribution of grain sizes, and often the grain size distribution is multi-modal. The best way of understanding the effect is to consider the variable admixture of grains of two sizes (Figure 2.4). The porosity of the mixture of grain sizes is reduced below that for 100% of each size Nearly half of the sandstones have grain densities close to 2.65 g/cm 3, the density of quartz, suggesting that those sandstones are composed of quartz grains and cement. The remaining sandstones have slightly larger grain densities, most likely due to mixing of quartz with more dense minerals like calcite (ρ = 2.71 g/cm 3 ) or dolomite (ρ. Grain-size analyses were carried out on three samples representing parallel laminated, convoluted and massive sandstones. Thin sections were cut perpendicular and parallel to the bedding of the rocks. Applying a digital camera coupled to a polarizin
The grain size analyses and textural studies have been made from four types of sandstones occurring in and around Mawsinram, Meghalaya. For this purpose, statistical parameters of the grain size distribution have been determined. The nature of cumulative and frequency curves shows mostly bimodality in nature. It indicates mixing of the sediments mostly under sand and silt modes Yes, it is true. sandstone, chalk and limestone are examples. Though, with sandstone, it depends on the grain size - some sandstone is less permeable than other sandstone Made available by U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information. Sandstone. Sandstone is as its name says sand grains cemented together into solid stone. The grain size of sandstone is 1/16 to 2 mm in diameter. Sandstone is made up mostly of quartz. There are two reasons for this. First quartz is one of the most abundant minerals on earth. Second is that quartz is very durable . The size that is called sand can be very rough until the smallest one is very fine. Sandstone have the moderate grain size , not too rough like pebble, granule, cobble or boulder but not too fine like silt or clay
where d d (in μm) is the dominant grain size from petrological observation, m is the cementation exponent, and C is a sorting index that ranges from 0.7 for very well sorted to 1.0 for poorly sorted sandstones Most of the sandstone specimens are very poorly sorted with a wide range of the grain size distributions, the grains are subangular and only some relatively soft sedimentary clasts are subrounded (See table 5.4 & Fig. 5.8; 5.11). The sizes of the sands grains range from fine to very coarse, although most are medium to very coarse
Physical Properties of Sandstone. Physical properties of rocks are used to identify the type of rocks and to discover more about them. There are various physical properties of Sandstone like Hardness, Grain Size, Fracture, Streak, Porosity, Luster, Strength etc which defines it Sandstones are rocks made of sand-size grains. Shale is layered sedimentary rock made of fine mud-size grains too small to see with the naked eye. Chemical Textures. The key to naming chemical sedimentary rocks is the minerals from which they are made. For example, all limestones consist mostly of the mineral calcite
Grain Size & Cooling Rate. As magma cools, it begins to crystallise and form solid rock. Igneous rocks are made up of several different mineral crystals that grow within the melt as it cools. The video below is a clip of crystals forming in solution. Crystals in magma grow in a similar way as the melt cools. (Video Credit: DCSF) Classification of Sandstone 1. There have been over fifty classification schemes proposed for sandstone. Most of those currently in use involve a ternary QFL (quartz, feldspar, lithic) plot for framework grains and a major division based on the relative amount of matrix Sandstone. is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any color, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, gray and white Sandstones are made of sand grains that have been cemented together. Like sandpaper, sandstones usually have a rough, granular texture, but to really identify a sandstone you have to peer closely at its surface and look for individual sand grains. Since the grain diameters range from 2 mm all the way down to only 0.06 mm, you may need a good. 3D measurements of grain size from 8 samples of the Brae Formation sandstone ( North Sea ) have been perfo r med in order to characterise the reservoir properties . The Brae Formation is the primary reservoir rock in the Miller Oil Field, located at the western edge of the South Viking Graben. In this study, we focus on core plug s derived from two cored wells (16/7b-20 and 16/7b-23) and.
Fontainebleau sandstone is sandstone found in one of the cities in France. This sandstone has unique characteristics, which is a clean-fme sandstone, composed of 99% quartz, virtually devoid of clay, with the grain size of about 200 ?m. Fontainebleau sandstone is widely used as a reference in the study of rock microstructure analysis and modelling from lognormality of the grain-size distribu-tion of sandstones. According to Trask, a sorting coefficient of less than 2.5 indicates a well-sorted sand-stone, a coefficient of 2.5 to 4.5 is normal, and a value in excess of 4.5 reflects a poorly sorted sediment. Table 1 lists the Trask sorting coefficients of recent sands and an-TABLE Sandstones are mostly made up of sand grains of course, but they also include finer material—both silt and clay. The term arenite applies to a so-called clean sandstone, meaning one with less than 15% silt and clay. Considering the sand-sized grains only (the grains larger than 1 / 16 th mm), arenites with 90% or more quartz are called quartz.
Grain size analysis is a vital sedimentological tool used to unravel the hydrodynamic conditions, mode of transportation and deposition of detrital sediments. In this study, detailed grain-size analysis was carried out on thirty-five sandstone samples from the Ecca Group in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Grain-size statistical parameters, bivariate analysis, linear discriminate. Abstract Grain size analysis is a vital sedimentological tool used to unravel the hydrodynamic conditions, mode of transportation and deposition of detrital sediments. In this study, detailed grain-size analysis was carried out on thirty-five sandstone samples from the Ecca Group in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Grain-size statistical parameters, bivariate analysis, linear. The remotely sensed compositional variations are relatable to changes in sandstone grain size. Diagenetic alteration and surface weathering may influence the absorption spectra, although the effect of the latter can be reduced by using processed white mica abundance maps. Overall, the results show that airborne hyperspectral datasets. Sun, 27 Jun 2021 06:45:09 +0000. Sun, 27 Jun 2021 #LOCANEX, Sandstone Grain Size Smart Search Too
Grain size in the Tar Springs Sandstone correlates with local variation in sand-shale ratio. The relation apparently holds for other sandstones of Chester age. Grain size distribution in the Aux Vases Sandstone could support any of three possible origins of the formation: 1) from the Ozarks to the west; 2) the lower part from the Ozarks and the. • Medium-grained (1/16 mm to 2 mm) rocks are usually called sandstone. Medium-grained rocks can be composed of quartz grains, feldspar grains (arkose), or rock fragments and clay (graywacke). Sandstone (Photograph by Parvinder Sethi) Medium-sized grains in clastic sedimentary rocks form sandstone. This sample is a quartz sandstone Clay, silt, and shale are the common obstacles present in sandstone evaluation. The exact meaning of these terms is sometimes dependent upon location, and context, but a general definition is one of grain size, with shale being a consolidation of both silt (4 to 74 um) and clay (< 4 um) sized particles Angular grains with grain size more than 2mm is * O Sandstone O Claystone O Conglomerate Breccia ; Question: Angular grains with grain size more than 2mm is * O Sandstone O Claystone O Conglomerate Breccia . This problem has been solved! See the answer See the answer See the answer done loading
Quartz-sandstone is a sandstone consisting of more than 95% quartz clasts and below 5% matrix. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed by the cementation of grains of sand (0.06 to 2 mm in diameter). Often this cementing material is calcium carbonate, but also silica or iron oxides can be the cement Texture - clastic or non-clastic. Grain size - variable, can consist of clasts of all sizes. Hardness - generally hard. Colour - variable, but generally light coloured, grey through yellow. Clasts - if clastic / bioclastic then grains and / or broken or whole shell fragments visible; if non-clastic / chemical then crystalline and no clasts visible This reflection is from the contact between the aeolian sands and the deeper lake deposits that consist of an unconsolidated silty sandstone layer of very fine to medium grain size. In Fig. 4a , we observe a nice diffraction hyperbola situated just under the base of the dune (see green circle), which fits very well with a velocity of 0.18 m/ns The best sandstone reservoirs are those that are composed primarily of quartz grains of sand size, silica cement, with minimal fragmented particles. The quality of the initial sandstone reservoir is a function of the source area for the materials, the depositional process, and the environment in which the deposition took place
in grain size Sandstone Poorly Sorted rocks with a wide range in grain size from GEO 105 at University of Alabam Correct answers: 3, question: The grain size of a sandstone is large that of a shal Texture: Grain Size Grain size is used to describe the size of the individual mineral grains, rock fragments, or organic material that are cemented together to form a clastic or chemical sedimentary rock Grain Size Categories Grain Size Divisions very coarse-grained > 16 mm coarse grained > 2 mm < 16 mm medium grained > 0.25 mm < 2 m Sandstone: clastic sedimentary rocks Grain size: fine sand particles 1/16 - 2 mm. Sorting: well sorte View the full answer Transcribed image text : Angular grains with grain size more than 2mm is O Sandstone O Claystone O Conglomerate Brecci
Sandstone is defined as a rock which is composed of sand-sized grains of various minerals mostly of uniform size and often are smooth and rounded. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock which is formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals What does grain size indicate about a sedimentary rock? Particle size is an important textural parameter of clastic rocks because it supplies information on the conditions of transportation, sorting, and deposition of the sediment and provides some clues to the history of events that occurred at the depositional site prior to final induration So, in this paper, three kinds of sandstones drilled from surrounding rocks in Xiao Jihan Coal to simulate the in situ stress state, whose average grain size is 30 μm (fine grain, FG), 105 μm (medium grain, MG), and 231 μm (Coarse grain, CG), are selected with the calculation of optical microscopic technique and moreover processed to. each successive size class is half as large as the previous A 2 A 1/2 A Have grain size class 'A' The next larger class is twice the diameter The next finer class is half the diameter very-coarse/coarse sand boundary 1 mm coarse/med sand boundary 0.5 mm granule/very-coarse sand boundary 2 mm Friday, June 12, 200 sandstone grain size. Home / Plate / sandstone grain size Plate 0 February 2, 2021. The statistical grain size parameters viz. the graphic median Samples have been collected at regular interval from the (Md), mean size (Mz), deviation ( Ã), skewness (Ski) and exposed Tipam Sandstone Formation along the Tipong-Pani kurtosis (Kg) have been calculated using the formula as River section of Upper Assam basin
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This report reviews the state of knowledge on the invertebrate fauna of artificial habitats, concentrating on those in and around urban areas. Particular attention is paid to the status and likely origin of species found in such situations. Recommendations are then made concerning conservation of this fauna and for rectifying key gaps in knowledge.
Downloads available for this record
|ENRR273 - part 1, PDF, 2.8 MB||2011/11/16|
|ENRR273 - part 2, PDF, 2.1 MB||2011/11/16|
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This wonderful almond flour chocolate cake is often referred to as a Capri cake or torta caprese. It’s rich and decadent, yet made with just a few ingredients.
A torta caprese is a cake that originated from Italy, specifically the island of Capri, hence Capri cake. It’s often made with chocolate and almonds or hazelnuts, and dusted with powdered sugar.
After baking, this exquisite cake stays soft and fudgy on the inside, yet the outside top becomes a thin crackly shell – kind of like brownies.
Almond Flour Chocolate Cake
This almond flour chocolate cake tends to be a little heavier than a traditional gluten-free chocolate cake. Which is why I definitely prefer topping it with a dusting of powdered sugar vs. frosting.
It’s luscious enough you can enjoy it at dessert, yet healthy enough you can serve it for breakfast!
And while there are a few steps in this recipe, I promise – it’s so scrumptious! It’s well worth the effort!
Ingredients and Substitutions
- Dark Chocolate– I recommend either the Endangered Species or Pascha brands of dark chocolate bars (around 70-72% cocoa). While I prefer the Endangered Species chocolate, Pascha is more allergy friendly (it’s free from the top-8 allergens).
- Coconut Oil– Coconut oil gives this cake an incredible rich flavor, all while keeping it dairy-free. That said, ghee, butter, or even vegan butter can be used as a substitute.
- Eggs– One of the main elements of this recipe is whipping the egg whites to add volume and texture to the cake batter, so I do not recommend any substitutes.
- Organic Cane Sugar– This cake recipe isn’t overly sweet, which is why you’ll only need ½ cup of organic cane sugar. You absolutely can use a non-organic sugar if that’s what you have on hand.
- Finely Ground Blanched Almond Flour– Blanched almonds have had their skins removed, so blanched almond flour contains no almond skins. I prefer to bake with finely ground blanched almond flour, as it provides a lighter, tender crumb. I use and recommend the following brands of finely ground blanched almond flour: Kirkland, Blue Diamond, Anthony’s, Honeyville (though I find them more expensive, so definitely price check before you buy).
- Vanilla Extract– I recommend using real vanilla extract in this recipe, vs. the artificial stuff!
- Instant Coffee Powder– This is an optional ingredient, but compliments the dark chocolate so well! I prefer to use half a Starbucks Via packet.
Secrets to a Flawless Torta Caprese
- When measuring almond flour, you want to pack the flour in the measuring cup (kind of like you would when measuring brown sugar), and then level off the measuring cup with the back of a butter knife.
- Sift together the almond flour, baking powder, and sea salt. This help break up any clumping in the almond flour, and ensures a smooth batter consistency. You can visibly see the difference in the almond flour in the picture below.
- Whipping the egg whites to stiff peaks creates a light cake. Almond flour can be heavy, but folding in these stiff egg whites creates a lightness that simply can’t be duplicated.
- Whisk together the organic cane sugar and egg yolks in a small mixing bowl by hand until light and fluffy. It’s true, it take a bit of arm strength for 2-3 minutes, but the added volume and air whipped into the yolks is well worth it.
How To Serve Almond Flour Cake
This cake is good just as it is, which is why I recommend a simple dusting of powdered sugar on top. Though, sometimes I do love to serve with it:
- Fresh berries
- Dairy-free whip cream
- Coconut sorbet from Ice Cream from Scratch (it’s dairy-free!)
- Vegan caramel sauce
- Vegan fudge sauce
How To Store Leftovers
This almond flour cake recipe will keep in an airtight container, in the refrigerator, for 3-5 days. Or in an airtight container on the counter for 1-2 days. I always prefer to store mine on the counter, but if you live in a hot a humid location, I’d definitely recommend putting it in the refrigerator.
Almond Flour Chocolate Cake Recipe
- 4 ½ ounces 70-72% cocoa dark chocolate
- ½ cup coconut oil (or ghee, or vegan butter, or butter)
- 1 cup finely ground blanched almond flour, packed
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- pinch of salt
- 2 large eggs, separated
- ½ cup organic cane sugar, divided
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- half packet Starbucks Via Instant Coffee, optional
- powdered sugar, for dusting
- Line an 8-inch cake pan with parchment paper, and generously grease. Preheat oven to 350 degrees (F).
- In a small heavy bottom pan, melt the dark chocolate and coconut oil over low heat. Stir continuously so the chocolate doesn't burn. Promptly remove from heat and set aside to cool.
- In a large mixing bowl, sift together the almond flour, baking powder, and pinch of sea salt.
- Separate the eggs, and place the yolks in a small mixing bowl, and the whites in a large mixing bowl.
- Add 2 tablespoons of organic cane sugar to the egg whites.
- Add the remaining organic cane sugar (should be 6 tablespoons) to the egg yolks.
- Beat the egg whites with an electric mixer until stiff peaks form, about 2-4 minutes, depending on the mixer and the speed.
- Using a whisk, beat the egg yolks until light and fluffy (I prefer to do this by hand), about 2-3 minutes.
- Slowly whisk the melted chocolate and coconut oil into the whipped yolks.
- Now pour this mixture into the bowl with the almond flour, and stir until smooth.
- Add the egg whites, vanilla extract, and instant coffee powder (if using). Fold until just combined.
- Pour into the prepared cake pan, and bake for 28-35 minutes, or until a toothpick, when poked into the middle of the cake round, comes out mostly clean (a few loose crumbs are okay).
- Cool completely before dusting with powdered sugar.
I recommend either the Endangered Species or Pascha brands of dark chocolate bars (around 70-72% cocoa). While I prefer the flavor of the Endangered Species chocolate, Pascha is more allergy friendly (it’s free from the top-8 allergens).
In lieu of coconut oil, you can use ghee, vegan butter, or real butter in this recipe. However, if you use salted butter, omit the pinch of salt in the recipe.
You can use an 8-inch cake pan or an 8-inch springform pan for this recipe.
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
Other Almond Flour Recipes To Try
- Almond Flour Banana Muffins
- Almond Flour Tortillas
- Keto Coffee Cake from Four Score Living
- 3-Ingredient Almond Flour Cookies from PowerHungry
Did you make this recipe? I’d love it if you gave the recipe a star rating, and left a comment or honest review below. Don’t forget to share your pics on Instagram! #allergyfreealaska or @allergyfreeak
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Yoga is a physical exercise. It is a challenge for both your mind and body. Pushing your body into positions before its ready can create injury. However, the intent of yoga is not to manipulate your body into strange contorted pretzel like figures. It is about listening to your body and mind. The beauty in yoga is learning how to pay attention.
Body awareness is a skill and it is a skill that our Western society is constantly working against. Our nature is to compete. However, this competitive impulse can cause you injury and in some cases severe injury. I’ve been fairly lucky with injury in my yoga practice. However, in the past two months, I have had two separate occasions where I noticed the particular differences in my own body. My first experience was when practicing tree pose.
Tree pose has always been one of my favorite poses: I would practice it endlessly. Sometimes I would even find myself teaching a college course (not yoga related) standing in tree. It felt natural. However, there was one day a few months ago that I kept faltering in tree. I was baffled. What was going on? Why was body wavering in a pose that previously I’ve had no troubles in?
On that day when I was practicing tree, my body was telling me that something was amiss. Later that week, I discovered that I had an ear infection (my body’s imbalance let me in before the pain in my ear did).
On a completely separate occasion, I was taking part in a yoga class, which had a very long Savasana. During this asana, I noticed some small twitches in my back but I ignored it, rationalizing that no one can injure himself or herself in Savasana. I was wrong: that night I had severe pain in my back. By lying prone for twenty minutes, I had awakened an old injury.
It was my wake up call. Afterwards I really began to pay attention to how my body changed every day and how my body performed poses changed every day. I know never practice yoga without having props, bolsters and straps near by. I also strive to pay attention, no matter how silly my mind tries to tell me I’m being.
The Savasana injury was a huge wake up call for me, mainly because I ignored my body’s needs. I really began to question why I did this? Truthfully, it was because I was embarrassed: I mean who can’t lie still.
This got me wondering that in our push to perform, are we missing the true value in yoga? Unfortunately, I think the answer is a resounding yes. Baron Baptiste and several advocates of power yoga talk about leaving your ego at the door. I now know that this is essential when practicing yoga.
One of my favorite interviews is Yoga Journal’s interview with Baron Baptiste, his realistic, honest, reflection on what yoga is, is really refreshing. Baptiste and others believe that when we hold onto our ego this is when we get injured. There are several ways that we hold onto our ego, but the most common one is our need to compare and compete. Sometimes we injure ourselves physically by ignoring the needs of our own body and forcing it into a position; other times our injury may be emotional, by not being true to ourselves.
Baptiste advocates in his practice the need to pay attention, to listen and to respect what our body is trying to tell us. So in your practice today and tomorrow, pay attention. Listen to the secrets that your body is trying to tell you. Be mindful in your asanas and notice how your body changes each day and each moment.
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Penguins - Term 4
Welcome to British Science Week!
Here is the link for Accelerated Reader, so you can do a book quiz if you need to.
Scroll down to see some of our learning throughout this term!
Penguins are trying to read 3,000,000 words as a class by the end of term for a class treat!
After just one week we have already read over 300,000 words, keep it up Penguins!
We have begun to learn about the life and artworks of Charles Rennie Mackintosh. We used his distinctive style to create some of our own unique artworks.
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NovaWind, the wind power division of Russian energy company Rosatom, has inked a cooperation agreement with An Xuan Energy to develop a 128 MW wind farm in Vietnam. The northwestern province of the country, Son La, will be the location of the envisioned wind farm. An Xuan Energy, a development and investment company established in 2017, focuses on producing hydroelectric, solar, wind, and biomass power projects. The company is presently constructing a renewable energy pipeline in Vietnam with 140 MW of solar and 430 MW of wind energy capacity.
In June 2022, Corio Generation signed a joint development agreement with FECON, a Vietnamese construction firm, for a 500 MW offshore wind project in Vietnam’s Ba Ria-Vung Tau province. The proposed fixed-bottom plant, which would be located between 23-35 km off the coast, is expected to be one of the country’s first large-scale offshore wind projects. According to Green Investment Group analysis, once completed, it will have the capacity to generate 1.25 GWh of clean energy and offset more than 600,000 tonnes of carbon emissions each year.
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Discovery Park, Room B201
1155 Union Circle #311068
Denton, Texas 76203-5017
Web site: linguistics.unt.edu
Sadaf Munshi, Chair
The linguistics program offers a BA with a major in linguistics and a BA with a minor in information science.
The Bachelor of Arts with a major in linguistics offers students a comprehensive overview of the history of the field and a strong foundation in the core areas of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. A major goal of the BA program is to stimulate student curiosity about language and cultural diversity. Of general interest to our students, but of special interest to those interested in teaching English as a second language, are courses on English grammar and the methods of teaching English. Courses are also offered on theories of second language acquisition and English language variation and change.
The BA with a major in linguistics provides students opportunities for working with data with an eye to discovering predictable linguistic patterns (linguistic problem solving). Students learn how to read, write, and present syntheses of relevant published work and to arrive at their own original theoretical formulations. The Scientific Methods course and the Capstone course train students in original research, which includes evaluating and reporting on existing findings using appropriate citation methods and creating and reporting on original experiments and arguments. CNN lists linguistics as the second most overlooked job possibility for new graduates. A degree in linguistics makes students competitive for jobs in fields such as:
- language education
- language testing service
- teaching Engliah as a Second/Foreign Language
- speech & hearing – language pathology and audiology
- language documentation/fieldwork
- natural language processing
- codes and code-breaking
- law – forensic linguistics
Because linguistics provides students with the skills to analyze language, companies like Microsoft, Google and Apple are also eager to hire students with linguistics degrees. Read more on the Linguistic Society of America web site (www.linguisticsociety.org).
The strengths of the linguistics program lie in our established TESOL program and research areas in language variation and change, language documentation, and the linguistic analysis of literature. Since moving to the College of Information in Fall 2014, we have added a new research focus in language technology and language data curation. Our international collaborations currently are with Mexico, India, Pakistan and China. Our overall goal is to contribute to the global understanding of the nature of language, and to provide students ample opportunities to conduct and disseminate original research. We strongly encourage and support student participation at conferences and public speaking venues.
Advising on courses, programs, and related questions is available through the college advising office, Discovery Park, Room C232; 940-565-2445; firstname.lastname@example.org. All students should have an approved degree plan audit on file as early as possible, but not later than the beginning of the final 60 hours of courses. Calls and visits by prospective students are welcomed from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday.
ProgramsMajorsGrad Track OptionsMinors
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Sheikh Mohammed announces creation of first World Happiness Council
Vice President and Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, has stressed that the world today is in desperate need to adopt a new approach to achieve human happiness, based on co-operation and the integration of efforts, through identifying commonality and by searching for points of agreement to strengthen positive values.
This statement came during His Highness’s announcement of the establishment of the first World Happiness Council, in time for the global celebration of International Happiness Day on 20th March every year, to send a positive message from the UAE to the world.
His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum noted, "The increased challenges, and the acceleration of international transformations and changes, requires decision makers to adopt policies and approaches that open the windows of hope to people, and perhaps the United Nations celebration of International Happiness Day will be transformed into a message to the world to search for new ways to achieve goodness for people."
His Highness added, "The UAE, under the leadership of my brother, President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, believes that the role of governments is to achieve happiness for their people, by enabling them to choose the tools and means and by providing an environment that accommodates the hopes, ambitions and dreams of the people, which supports them in their search for what makes them happy, because we are aware that the role of governments will be deeper and more effective when the achievement of happiness becomes a higher goal.
"Happiness is a good contagion, and we want the peoples of the world to be affected by it, to enjoy its goodness. This requires a tangible change in the culture of government work. We want an actual translation of the goals of international organisations that all share a general goal, represented in strengthening positivity, and maintaining a more sustainable world, and achieving goodness for the human," His Highness said.
His Highness also stressed that "our initiative in launching the World Happiness Council comes from our values and convictions, with the necessity of achieving happiness for the people so they can enjoy goodness, and for the positive values to spread among them, as our country was based on the principles of goodness, happiness, development, building, and positive openness for civilisations, cultures and peoples. It succeeded in making happiness and positivity a lifestyle and a social culture, and we want to share the continuing efforts to make the world a better place with the international community."
The World Happiness Council will be headed by Columbia University Professor Jeffrey Sachs, who is joined by 12 other members.
The council will launch a yearly Global Happiness Report during the World Government Summit. It will receive an administrative support from the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network and will convene twice every year.
The first meeting will be held during the Global Dialogue for Happiness as part of the World Government Summit while the second will be held during the meetings of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
Six sub-councils will fall under the umbrella of the council:
1.The Council of Happiness and Health, to be chaired by Professor Lord Richard Layard
2.The Council of Happiness and Education, to be chaired Professor Dr Martin Seligman
3.The Council of Personal Happiness, to be chaired by Professor Edward Diener
4.The Council of Happiness in Work Environment, to be chaired by Professor Jan-Emmanuel De Neve
5. The Council of Happiness Measurement, to be chaired by Martine Durand
6.The Council of Happy cities, to be chaired by Dr. Aisha Bin Bishr
Follow Emirates 24|7 on Google News.
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Democratic states are seeking to block new Trump administration rules that would make it harder for some women to get birth control at no cost.
Lawyers for California and Pennsylvania appeared in separate district courts this week to challenge the rules, which would allow more employers to get exemptions to the Affordable Care Act’s mandate requiring them to provide insurance coverage for contraceptives with no co-pay.
The rules are scheduled to take effect on January 14.
The first one would allow non-profit and for-profit employers, including publicly traded companies, to receive an exemption based on their religious beliefs. The second would let all but public companies obtain an exemption based on moral objections. Government employers cannot request exemptions.
The changes are part of the Trump administration’s efforts ton roll back regulations that conflict with some Americans’ religious beliefs. The alterations to the contraceptive mandate’s exemptions were first unveiled in the fall of 2017, and final rules were issued in November.
Under the Obama administration, a fairly limited number of employers – mainly churches and some other religious entities – could get an exemption.
Some others, such as religious-based universities or hospitals, could seek accommodations so that they didn’t have to provide coverage, but their workers could still get contraceptives paid for by the insurer or the employer plan’s administrator.
Democratic-led states successfully challenged the Trump administration’s interim rules in federal district court. Pennsylvania won a nationwide injunction in late 2017, blocking the effort. California, which led a coalition of blue states, also won its effort to halt the interim rules, though an appellate court recently limited its scope to the five states that brought the lawsuit.
The Keystone State, supported by a coalition of 21 state attorneys general, on Thursday asked a federal judge to stop the final rules from taking effect. California, joined by 12 other states and the District of Columbia, appeared before a federal judge on Friday, who said he would rule before Monday, according to the attorney general’s office.
“Women need contraception for their health because contraception is medicine, pure and simple,” said Josh Shapiro, Pennsylvania’s attorney general. “Congress hasn’t changed the law, and the President can’t simply ignore it with an illegal rule.”
The administration estimates that the final rules will impact no more than 127,000 women, but nearly 63 million women had insurance coverage that includes no-cost birth control in 2018, according to the National Women’s Law Center.
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<urn:uuid:2042b103-cacb-4982-8015-19fb59012b8a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://us.cnn.com/2019/01/11/politics/trump-democrats-contraceptive-mandate/index.html
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Oklahoma AG leads multi-state lawsuit against EPA
OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt and the attorneys general of 11 other states sued the Environmental Protection Agency Tuesday demanding that the agency turn over documents the states allege will show a pattern of cooperation and collaboration with environmental organizations.
The lawsuit, filed in U.S. District Court in Oklahoma City, alleges that binding consent decrees between the EPA and environmental groups that have sued the agency over the years have led to new rules and regulations for states without allowing their attorneys general to defend their interests and those of its businesses and consumers.
“It’s a regulation-through-litigation type of initiative,” Pruitt said after his office filed the 21-page petition. “And we are not even a party to that litigation. That’s a troublesome thing.”
EPA’s press secretary in Washington, D.C., Alisha Johnson, denied allegations that the agency cooperates with environmental groups as part of a “sue and settle” legal strategy to develop regulations.
“We have no input or control over what parties sue us or what issues they focus on,” Johnson said.
Besides Oklahoma, the attorney generals of Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Carolina, Texas, Utah and Wyoming are parties to the lawsuit.
Pruitt said as many as 40 lawsuits have been filed against EPA over the years by such environmental groups as Greenpeace, Defenders of Wildlife, WildEarth Guardians and the Sierra Club that have led to consent decrees, “sometimes on the same day the lawsuit is filed,” that include terms and conditions that go beyond statutory guidelines approved by Congress.
“I would look at that very suspect and say: ‘What’s going on?’” Pruitt said. “The EPA is picking winners and losers. These cases affect Oklahoma’s ability to do its job.”
Johnson said EPA does not enter into legal settlements that give the agency new or additional authority.
“An outside entity cannot compel us to take action we were not already compelled to take by law,” she said.
The states’ lawsuit seeks to enforce federal Freedom of Information Act guidelines involving the states’ request for letters, emails and any other correspondence between the EPA and environmental organizations before they sue the agency. The attorney generals want to analyze the documents to determine the nature of EPA’s legal strategy concerning environmental groups.
In one instance, the lawsuit says the states made a FOIA request to EPA in February seeking records about the agency’s negotiations with environmental groups that led to binding consent decrees concerning state implementation plans for the EPA’s regional haze guidelines under the Clean Air Act.
Pruitt is challenging regional haze guidelines for Oklahoma in federal court. Utility officials have said the regulations could cause electricity rates to rise 13 percent to 20 percent in three years.
The states also asked the agency to waive any fees for collecting the information, a request the agency denied. In a May 31 letter to Pruitt’s office, the agency said the states’ FOIA request “fails to adequately describe the records sought.”
“EPA’s denial of the states’ FOIA request is consistent with their apparent protocol to avoid compliance with FOIA by telling requestors that their FOIA request is overbroad,” the lawsuit alleges.
Pruitt said FOIA requests from environmental groups are granted 92 percent of the time while a majority of the states’ requests for information are rejected.
“We are deserving of information from the EPA,” the attorney general said. “They’ve routinely said no, period.”
Johnson said FOIA rules require that requesters describe the records they want so they can be located with a reasonable amount of effort.
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<urn:uuid:85134dd0-a05d-458d-a27c-1bec5cd3ca2f>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.pawhuskajournalcapital.com/story/news/2013/07/17/oklahoma-ag-leads-multi-state/24391808007/
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How to add custom library to Android application?
I am developing a movile application using Qt 5.14.1 for Android and the application crashes on startup when running the arm64-v8a abi. It works fine if I run the armeabi-v7a abi on the same device, but I need to make it work with the 64 bits version. The error is the following one:
E vndksupport: Could not load vendor/lib64/egl/libGLES_mali.so from sphal namespace: dlopen failed: library "vendor/lib64/egl/libGLES_mali.so" not found.
I think it has to do with the fact that Since Android 7.0 it's not possible anymore to link against a non-ndk shared library (but I don't understand why it works with the armeabi-v7a abi).
Anyway, I have tried different ways to include the libGLES_mali.so library into the apk but I am not able to solve the problem. Anyone can help me?
You can use
ANDROID_EXTRA_LIBSvariable in .pro file to link additional libraries. It works for all architectures.
@sierdzio I've already done it and the library is included into the libs folder of the android build, but not into the apk.
No idea then, it works for me (with OpenSSL, protobuf and yaml-cpp libs). Perhaps your AndroidManifest is outdated? Or you replace
ANDROID_EXTRA_LIBSvalue somewhere else (Qt Creator sometimes appends empty call to extra libs in main .pro file)?
OK, now I can add the library into the apk. The problem was that I didn't have the 64 bit version of the library. However, I am still getting the error because the application keeps looking for the library on the "vendor/lib64/egl/" folder. Is there any way to modify this and use the library file I am installing with the apk?
I don't know.
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<urn:uuid:f27ecca0-3f6e-4cc4-b51c-4452f3bc40a2>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://forum.qt.io/topic/111999/how-to-add-custom-library-to-android-application
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
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en
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With the multifocal technique, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be recorded simultaneously from many regions of the visual field. For the multifocal VEP (mfVEP), the patient views a display that typically contains 60 sectors, each with a checkerboard pattern. The display covers about the same retinal area as the 24-2 Humphrey visual field (HVF). However, due to the scaling of the sectors of the mfVEP display, the fields are sampled differently by the mfVEP and HVF. To assess local defects in the visual field, the mfVEP responses must be compared with normal controls. These comparisons require relatively sophisticated analyses and software. Whereas the mfVEP can be recorded relatively easily with the same equipment used to record multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs), the software needed to perform the analysis is not yet widely available. The mfVEP is valuable for ruling out non-organic visual loss, diagnosing and following patients with optic neuritis/multiple sclerosis, evaluating patients with unreliable or questionable HVFs, and following disease progression. When combined with the mfERG, diseases of the outer retina (before the retinal ganglion cells) can be distinguished from diseases of the ganglion cells and/or optic nerve. The difficulties encountered in recording and analyzing mfVEP responses are greater than those involved in full-field VEP testing. Thus, in its current form, the mfVEP is best recorded and interpreted by ophthalmologists and electrophysiologists experienced with the technique. However, this technique is developing rapidly; advances in commercial hardware and software are expected in the near future.
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<urn:uuid:1d3a733d-c7de-4feb-a864-7c6a44ce0105>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663311/?dopt=Abstract
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en
| 0.923996
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| 2.609375
| 3
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A Calendar of Sonnets: November by Helen Hunt Jackson
This is the treacherous month when autumn days
With summer's voice come bearing summer's gifts.
Beguiled, the pale down-trodden aster lifts
Her head and blooms again. The soft, warm haze
Makes moist once more the sere and dusty ways,
And, creeping through where dead leaves lie in drifts,
The violet returns. Snow noiseless sifts
Ere night, an icy shroud, which morning's rays
Willidly shine upon and slowly melt,
Too late to bid the violet live again.
The treachery, at last, too late, is plain;
Bare are the places where the sweet flowers dwelt.
What joy sufficient hath November felt?
What profit from the violet's day of pain?
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<urn:uuid:22a8aad5-3780-47a9-be5b-3db93216bbca>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www.famouspoetsandpoems.com/poets/helen_hunt_jackson/poems/4305
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
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en
| 0.863152
| 177
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This course was developed from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration informational which: provides information about suicidality; focuses on the information that treatment professionals need to know and provides that information in an accessible manner; synthesizes knowledge and grounds it in the practical realities of clinical cases and real situations so that the reader will come away with increased knowledge, encouragement, and resourcefulness in working with substance abuse treatment clients who have suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
This course was developed from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration advisory which provides a brief overview of diabetes and an introduction to the reciprocal relationship between diabetes and behavioral health disorders. It also discusses ways in which behavioral health treatment providers can help minimize consequences of diabetes for their clients by screening for the disease, providing referrals to care as needed, and coordinating care with other providers. Counselors also can play an important role supporting clients to simultaneously manage their diabetes and their recovery from mental illness or an SUD.
This course was developed from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration informational and Truven Health Analytics report which presents (1) the prevalence of mental and physical illnesses and (2) the utilization of health care services among children in foster care (FC) who are covered by Medicaid. Disparities between the children in FC and children covered by Medicaid who are not in FC are also identified.
This course was developed from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration publication which: presents information on the disease that behavioral health treatment professionals need to know when working with clients who have or may have hepatitis; provides factual information on the disease in language that can be readily understood by professionals without a medical background; addresses issues such as hepatitis prevention, screening, treatment, and coordination of client care; emphasizes the need for close collaboration between medical and behavioral health treatment providers in working with clients who have both hepatitis and an SUD.
Beedie Savage – President of Quantum Units Education
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<urn:uuid:48aa8006-4420-4cfc-a4f5-2ccd49401a43>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://blog.quantumunitsed.com/quantum-units-education-new-ceu-courses-4/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz
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en
| 0.953212
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|
Abuse of psychostimulants such as amphetamine remains a serious public health concern.
Amphetamines mediate their behavioral effects by stimulating dopaminergic signaling throughout reward circuits of the brain.
This property of amphetamine relies on its actions at the dopamine transporter (DAT), a presynaptic plasma membrane protein responsible for the reuptake of extracellular dopamine.
Recently, researchers have revealed the novel ability of insulin signaling pathways in the brain to regulate DAT function as well as the cellular and behavioral actions of amphetamine.
In a new study published in the open-access journal PLoS Biology, Aurelio Galli, Jason Williams and colleagues used a model of Type I diabetes in rats to uncover how insulin signaling regulates DAT-mediated amphetamine effects.
They show that by depleting insulin, or through selective inhibition of insulin signaling, they can severely attenuate amphetamine-induced dopamine release and impair DAT function.
This study verifies in vivo that insulin signaling can dynamically influence the neuronal effects of amphetamine-like psychostimulants. Therefore, the insulin signaling pathway, through its unique regulation of brain dopamine, may be targeted for the treatment of amphetamine abuse.
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<urn:uuid:8cd5c9eb-0808-4400-a520-a658ffe5eb9c>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.news-medical.net/news/2007/10/17/31314.aspx
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
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| 0.881595
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|
Griffith Observatory’s fifth-grade school program is a two-and-a-half-hour experience which uses the Observatory’s telescope, exhibit, and building content, as well as programs in the Samuel Oschin Planetarium and Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon theater, to explore our place in the universe. Museum Guides, Telescope Demonstrators, and Observatory Lecturers guide students in standards-based learning experiences using our unique facilities. Each component of the program is designed to complement the others and to support the fifth-grade education standards. Thanks to Griffith Observatory Foundation, there is no charge for students to attend a program. Sessions are usually held on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday mornings, from October to early June. Advanced registration is required, and space is limited. Only fifth-grade classes will be considered for school program visits.
NOT CURRENTLY OFFERED
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<urn:uuid:4067f242-c6a5-4c17-9119-6eae7100cfb1>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://griffithobservatory.org/visit/school-programs/
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en
| 0.949794
| 179
| 2.453125
| 2
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After reading this question about the origin of NaCl on Earth, I'm wondering: How did the amount of NaCl develop historically? Is it a more or less linear growth until today? Was it such a linear growth and then reached a level that it maintains until now? Or was that more complex over the billions of years of Earth's existence?
Hay, W.W., Migdisov, A., Balukhovsky, A.N., Wold, C.N., Flögel, S. and Söding, E., 2006. Evaporites and the salinity of the ocean during the Phanerozoic: Implications for climate, ocean circulation and life. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 240(1-2), pp.3-46.
As this graph shows, it is not linear at all and actually decreasing since the end of the Precambrian. This is a result of many factors including changing volume of ocean water, and the global chloride cycle. The details are all described in that paper.
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<urn:uuid:6675843c-f0e2-4d3d-8cd9-d5fbe781b65a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/15149/historically-how-did-the-total-amount-of-salt-nacl-on-earth-develop
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
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en
| 0.928782
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|
Oklahoma County to elect first Black sheriff
On November 3, Oklahoma County residents will make history as they elect the first Black sheriff in the county’s history.
After winning a runoff election against incumbent P.D. Taylor on August 25, Tommie Johnson III became the official candidate for the Republican party and will faceoff against Democratic candidate Wayland Cubit in the general election.
Cubit is a lieutenant with the Oklahoma City Police Department. Johnson is a master police officer with the City of Norman Police Department.
Both Cubit and Johnson were born and raised in Oklahoma. Both also realize the significance of the historic moment they are currently living.
“People are ready for a significant change and a different perspective at the leadership of law enforcement,” Cubit said. “I think our current situation across America says we want to see, we want to allow a different perspective to lead law enforcement.”
Cubit added that for 130 years the sheriff of Oklahoma County has been a white man. Residents are saying that they want to see something different.
“I understand the significance of it, but it doesn’t change the work that I have to do,” Cubit said. “It doesn’t matter if you’re Black, brown, white, Black. If you’re not good at what you do you’ll be on the wrong side of history.”
Johnson echoed similar sentiments.
“I think everybody sees how far we’ve come as a society,” Johnson said. “When you have the argument that on both sides of the aisle, it’s going to be a black man that will be the top cop for a community, I think that speaks volumes.”
Cubit also noted that the election of the first Black sheriff will send a positive message to minorities across the area about what is possible for them. It will help upcoming leaders in the community be encouraged and inspired, he added.
For Johnson, inspiring others to pursue education and opportunities to better themselves is one of his motivations for pursuing the office.
“The area I come from, south side of Oklahoma City where I’m from, you think about sports as the only way of getting out,” Johnson said. “We can be leaders and so much more.”
As the top law enforcement agency for Oklahoma County, the sheriff’s office used to be solely responsible for the Oklahoma County Detention Center. However, on July 1, control of the jail was turned over to the Oklahoma County Criminal Justice Advisory Council, more commonly known as the Jail Trust.
This trust effectively removed the sheriff from direct control of the facility, though the sheriff does still sit on the Jail Trust board and have a vote on jail matters.
“We still have a very soft touch on the jail, but we have one nonetheless,” said Johnson. “My responsibility isn’t to the structure or what’s going in the structure. Now my responsibility, my resources, I can focus, a sharp, pin-point focus, on how to better serve a community.”
However, Cubit’s concern is that the current sheriff, who he or Johnson will replace, has not taken his involvement in the Jail Trust seriously.
“The current administration kind of washed its hands of the jail and tried to make that a very distinct separation from his duties,” Cubit said. “[The sheriff] is an agent of the community, and so I feel like I still would have an obligation to be a voice on that trust to call out things that I see that might be helpful, as the trust makes plans to better the jail.”
Calls echo for increases to community policing efforts in recent years. The Oklahoma County Sheriff’s Office created a Community Advisory Board with the intention of allowing citizens to be more directly involved.
Johnson said that’s simply not enough.
“Police do not really go out of their way to engage the community, but we always say we want to have a better trust with the community,” Johnson said. “I think the reason is because the leadership at the top is afraid of the tough conversations that they would have to have if they went into a community.”
According to Johnson, he’s not afraid to have those tough conversations, which he added are the key to restoring and building community trust.
“I think police need to put themselves in a more vulnerable position when it comes to having those conversations,” Johnson said.
Additionally, law enforcement continues to face scrutiny regarding a lack of transparency. Cubit explained that law enforcement needs to operate at levels of unprecedented transparency and openness with the community.
“A lot of the things we do in law enforcement, we’re doing to protect our agency, our city, our county, from lawsuits but what I want to do is make our lawyers earn their money,” Cubit said. “Some things we just need to tell our community.”
Cubit added that while facts can change emotions, emotions cannot alter facts.
“Why not give our community the facts and let’s just own up to what we did that was right, wrong or indifferent,” Cubit said. “Let’s be accountable to it, because we’re going to hold our community accountable when they make mistakes and it goes both ways.”
Cubit added that the same accountability should apply no matter who holds the office. Johnson said both men being qualified and passionate should cause voters to do their research.
“I want it to be extremely hard on voters with who they go with,” Johnson said. “I want them to have to dissect everything that we do and say to make sure they are making the right choic.”
In the end, both Johnson and Cubit said this race is about much more than a significant racial milestone or making history. It’s about doing what’s best for Oklahoma County and continuing to push for progress.
“Start being the example of not a warrior of the community because we wear a uniform and we have the authority, but to be a guardian of the community within the uniform,” Cubit said. “What that means is that we’re not trying to punish people, we’re trying to protect people.”
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<urn:uuid:8e9561ba-5fca-481e-94f0-578606ec08c3>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://ucentralmedia.com/oklahoma-county-to-elect-first-black-sheriff/
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The city of Chicago may be able to end junk status on much of its debt—potentially saving $100 million or more in interest charges each year—thanks to a clause that was quietly tucked into the state's new budget.
The provision will allow home-rule entities such as Chicago to separate out money they get from the state from other receipts and use that dedicated revenue to pay for new debt, or to pay for retiring old debt.
The city now gets well over $1 billion from the state each year, including $630 million in sales taxes collected by the Illinois Department of Revenue on the city's behalf, the $368 million city share of local income tax receipts, and $71 million in motor fuel taxes.
City officials hope the provision will allow them to save as much as 3 full percentage points—300 basis points—compared to what junk-level city general-obligation debt now costs. With more than $8 billion in outstanding general-obligation debt, the city would save $30 million a year on each $1 billion that could be refinanced, assuming it indeed can sell such "statutory lien" debt at the lower rates.
Saving $100 million a year would about equal the annual recent increase in the city's property tax levy.
Bond experts and financial watchdogs say that while the scheme is not perfect and does not in itself reduce tens of billions of dollars in unfunded city pension liability, the clause has considerable potential.
"On the surface, it appears to provide an attractive option for the city," said Civic Federation President Laurence Msall. "It has a lot of potential savings that could free up significant cash. . . .Creative."
"The market has been relatively kind to these kind of things," said bond expert Richard Ciccarone of Merritt Research Services in Chicago. "It's designed to ensure the security of a (debt) issue," and to protect the city against any move in Springfield to permit municipal bankruptcy, something Gov. Bruce Rauner has hinted at from time to time.
While market conditions will vary with the state of Illinois' budget, he added, "You could be talking close to" the 300-basis-point savings the city envisions.
The idea of creating a segregated revenue stream to bail out a troubled government is not new. Chicago Public Schools did that a generation ago when, amidst a financial crisis, it agreed to creation of an independent School Finance Authority that received a portion of CPS' normal property tax levy and used it to secure bonds that CPS was unable to issue on its own.
But there are a couple of differences between that and what's in the new measure, which is buried on page 711 of the massive fiscal 2018 budget implementation act that became law last week after Rauner's veto was overridden by the General Assembly. The new, unnamed issuing entity will not be independent of regular city government, and it will not have its own tax levy.
Instead, the measure specifically allows home-rule municipalities to assign to debt repayment regular revenues received from the state, and obligates Illinois officials not to interfere in any such deals.
The idea for the innovative financing step apparently comes from Chicago Chief Financial Officer Carole Brown, who arranged for a somewhat similar assignment of income taxes when she worked in Washington, D.C.
A version of the statutory lien was included earlier this year in the "grand bargain" negotiated between Illinois Senate President John Cullerton and his then-GOP counterpart, Christine Radogno. After the grand bargain fell apart and Democrats decided to move ahead on a budget and tax plan on their own, it was included in the budget implementation bill, generally known in Springfield as the BIMP. That almost certainly happened at Cullerton's behest, with Mayor Rahm Emanuel's backing.
The Illinois Municipal League was aware of the provision and "didn't have any issue with it," according to Brad Cole, the league's executive director. The provision mostly will affect Chicago, though some other large cities around the state could take advantage of the clause, he added.
Officially, all City Hall is saying is that it's "reviewing the provision" and will make decisions later about whether to use it. But I'm told Emanuel wants to move this year, perhaps starting with the $2 billion to $3 billion in city debt that will soon expire or can be called in without paying a penalty. Officials say they do not intend to use the clause for pensions, although saving money anywhere in city government will free up funds that can go toward retirement costs.
Ciccarone says a roughly similar group in New York, first created during that city's financial crisis years ago, is rated AAA. But for the new plan to work, the state revenues involved must go directly to debt repayment and not into general city coffers, he adds.
Crain's Senior Reporter Lynne Marek contributed to this report.
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<urn:uuid:3065e856-6d7b-4962-8514-c47242d187c1>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20170711/BLOGS02/170719978/illinois-budget-deal-contains-a-secret-sweetener-for-chicago
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966499
| 1,056
| 1.789063
| 2
|
Facebook Live 20th August 2019
Does strapping help your heel pain?
Strapping is an excellent short term method of reducing pain. You do not want it on your foot all day every day as it can become uncomfortable and cause irritation. It can be beneficial when used in conjunction with other treatment, or if done for a training, race or game.
The goal of our strapping is to reduce the stretch of the plantar fascia which is a common cause of heel pain, and can also be used to prevent your feet from rolling in.The tape simulates the work of a custom orthotic, we usually say if the tape feels beneficial then so will an orthotic.
Our caution with tape is some patients can have an allergic reaction to the tape due the adhesive. If this is the case we can try a hypoallergenic tape to avoid this from happening.
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<urn:uuid:3bf9ae08-5c9e-4589-83c2-8b801a001f96>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://adelaideheelpain.com.au/facebook-live-does-strapping-work-as-a-cure-for-heel-pain/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00473.warc.gz
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en
| 0.9286
| 180
| 1.757813
| 2
|
Tanzania – Collective action unlocks water for all: the SUWAMA Usa-River Partnership
Climate change, population growth, deforestation, growing numbers of livestock, and the expansion of cultivated land are increasing pressures on the water resources of Tanzania’s Pangani River Basin. A stakeholder-led catchment stewardship initiative launched by 2030 WRG is working to change that narrative.
The first harvest of 2017 was disastrous for Ernest Pallangyo, a farmer and father of two from Kiwawa Village, in Usa River, Northern Tanzania.
Ernest, a smallholder farmer from Kiwawa Village in Usa-River, stands in front of the irrigation canal that supplies his village with water.
Like many small-scale growers, Ernest shares the water allowance allotted under a single water-use permit with neighboring farmers. Back in 2017, when it was his turn to irrigate his small plot of cucumbers, he often found the canal totally dry; others upstream from his village had diverted so much water that there was not a drop left for those downstream.
Eventually, the harsh Tanzanian sun took its toll. His crop withered and died.
To pay for the seeds, the fertilizer, and his portion of the permit, Ernest had taken out a loan. But when his crop failed, he was unable to repay it. In a desperate bid to maintain his relationship with the local creditor, he sold his family’s two goats. The animals that had once been an important source of income – as is custom, his wife reared livestock and sold milk and meat at the local market – and provided his family with milk – an important source of protein in a predominantly plant-based diet – were now gone. There would be no income until the next harvest. Ernest would have go into more debt in order to afford new seeds for the next planting season. The intervening months would be a struggle.
“We are farmers. Our livelihoods depend on water. Without it, we can’t survive,” he explained.
Ernest’s case is typical of the 2.7 million smallholder farmers residing in Tanzania’s Pangani Basin.
As the breadbasket of Tanzania, over three million people derive their livelihoods from the 500 km-long river and the 43,650 km2 of fertile land surrounding it. It is also a vital resource for national economic development. Commercial agricultural interests are growing while three hydropower schemes, located along the main river, have the potential to generate up to 17 percent of Tanzania’s electricity.
But the basin and people who rely on it are in trouble.
Climate change, population growth, deforestation, growing numbers of livestock, and the expansion of cultivated land are increasing pressures on the basin’s water resources. Water flows are decreasing, leading to more intense competition among water users and dire consequences for families whose livelihoods depend on the land—families like Ernest’s.
“Agriculture is the backbone of Tanzania’s economy” explained Angelina Nyamsambo, Agri-Finance Officer with the Tanzania Horticultural Association.
“Poor access to water reduces farmers’ productivity, limits their income, threatens food security and ultimately results in lower GDP” stressed Angelina.
But effective water management is a complex and volatile issue. Increasing competition for water among riparian stakeholders, each with varying degrees of access to water infrastructures like irrigation and storage, is complicated by the local politics of water allocation.
Weak monitoring and enforcement of regulations designed to control and protect water resources, alongside a general lack of awareness about efficient water use and sustainable farming practices and ineffective coordination among stakeholders further compound the challenge of fair and equitable water delivery in the sub-catchment.
Sustainable water resource management is a challenge nationwide. A recent Tanzania Economic Update, published by the World Bank, found that sub-optimal water management is already having a negative impact on Tanzania’s economy.
To strengthen collaborative approaches to water management in the country, Tanzania 2030 Water Resources Group (2030 WRG) – a public-private-civil-society partnership hosted by the World Bank Group – has been working with government and businesses to identify, develop and scale innovative solutions to the country’s water management challenges since 2013.
The Sustainable Water Management (SUWAMA) Usa-River Partnership is a stakeholder-led catchment stewardship initiative launched under one of Tanzania 2030 WRG’s flagship initiatives—the Kilimanjaro Water Stewardship Platform (KWSP)—that has been carrying out successful joint initiatives among public institutions, community organizations, and businesses to address water-related challenges in the sub-catchment since 2016.
Led by the Pangani Basin Water Board (BWB), in partnership with KWSP, the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) through the International Water Stewardship Programme (IWaSP), the Upper Kikuletwa Water User Association (WUA), the Tanzanian Horticulture Association (TAHA), and Kiliflora Limited, SUWAMA engages water users all the way down to the village level.
The partnership focuses on improving water governance, water use efficiency, and water quality and supply, and works with the community to collectively identify priorities and strategies to do so.
“Our approach is based on the recognition that working separately is a risk for all users because they share the same water source. This means that all the different users need to get together and act collectively in order to help each other and themselves,” said Abraham Yesaya, Community Development Officer with the Pangani BWB, who manages the SUWAMA partnership.
Richard Johannes, Project Officer for the Kilimanjaro Water Stewardship Platform, believes that community ownership is key to SUWAMA’s success.
According to Abraham, the most challenging aspect of the partnership was the initial period of community mobilization and coordination. But it has also provided the biggest payoff. “People need to own the project, otherwise nothing will ever be completed,” he said. “In this case, they do [have ownership], and it shows.”
The collaboration is a model of community-scale public-private cooperation, with private sector partners providing over half of the total financing. Other private sector partners have provided in-kind assistance, such as farming inputs, trees for rehabilitating damaged riparian land, and supplies for the reconstruction of dilapidated irrigation systems. Meanwhile, community members contribute their time and skills. Information placards placed at project sites recognize the contributions of local village associations alongside those of donors and private sector partners. Everyone is in it together.
After two years in operation, satisfaction with SUWAMA’s collective action approach is high.
Rogers is a transplant from South Africa who lives on a lush 90-acre piece of land that used to be a coffee plantation. Of those residents receiving water from the Usa-river, he is among the furthest downstream to be connected to its system of irrigation canals and farrows. Before SUWAMA, he recalled periods of up to six months during which no water flowed to his farm. Today, it flows without disruption.
“It doesn’t matter how much money or what kind of sophisticated technology you throw at the problem; it’s about people,” emphasized Rogers. “You need to get people together and get disciplined.” He hopes to see the model replicated in other communities.
To date, the partnership has succeeded in improving water security for more than a quarter of a million people living around Usa-River in the Kikuletwa Catchment, Pangani Basin: 25,000 people have received direct assistance through SUWAMA, while a further 800,000 have benefited from improvements in water access as a result of the partnership’s initiatives.
Back in Kiwawa, a project to address the source of the village’s water challenges is nearing completion. As part of its good water governance workstream, SUWAMA convened water users from upstream and downstream to collectively assess why there was insufficient water during certain parts of the year. They found that in addition to illegal abstractions occurring upstream, a significant amount of water was lost because the canals, and especially the farrows and abstraction points, were in a state of disrepair.
Since then, a community task force that was created to address these issues has been overseeing efforts to improve monitoring of water use in coordination with the Pangani BWB. The task force, part of the local Water Users Association, has also developed a constitution and bylaws to govern water use and launched a canal rehabilitation project that will prevent future water losses.
Members of a community task force convened by SUWAMA work together to improve the canal infrastructure leading to their village.
With funding from a consortium of water users from the community, a reconstruction of the primary diversion point from the main Usa-river canal has already been completed. Next-up is the abstraction point from which Kiwawa draws its water. Overseeing construction is Ernest, who now serves as Chairman of the Kiwawa Irrigator’s Association.
The reconstruction of the primary diversion point from the main Usa-river canal was among the first projects completed by SUWAMA.
He is looking forward to what he and his neighbors will be able to achieve with consistent and reliable access to water. For him and his family, he envisions green irrigated plots and abundant harvests. Maybe even a greenhouse for himself, with two goats tied up out front.
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Summer 2021 Issue
A Message from President Harvey Kesselman
In Fall 2021, Stockton University will begin its 50th year of teaching. As a member of that very first class of 1,000 student in 1971 (and one who never really left), I can say from experience that it has been a tremendous thrill to watch Stockton grow and be a part of its success.
Though the campus has changed dramatically, our mission has not. We still believe in putting students first and teaching them to become active and engaged members of their communities, and to adapt to a changing world.
The stories in this issue of Stockton Now reflect how that mission is put into action throughout the University.
A new race and racism requirement for students beginning this fall will ensure that all students understand the history and impact of race and racism in America. The new requirement is part of Stockton’s commitment to be a leader in social justice issues.
When Stockton’s animal lab took in almost 1,000 rescued baby terrapins this summer it made international news. But Stockton and community members have been rescuing baby terrapins for decades, raising them for a year or so, then releasing them back into their natural habitat in South Jersey.
More than half of Stockton students are the first in their families to attend college. Programs like Sankofa are providing mentors and resources to ensure those students graduate and develop the skills they need to succeed in the world.
When Gianna Graw, ’18, recently donated a kidney, it set off a chain of kidney transplants that traveled across the country. She had learned about kidney donations during her time at Stockton, and was inspired by her father, a Jersey City police officer who died of cancer while she was in college.
These accounts are just a few of the inspirational and motivational stories that embody the Stockton spirit. This past year has been a tremendous challenge, including masks and online classes, and we are thrilled to be welcoming our students and faculty back, in person, this fall. We’re planning a series of stories and events for the 50th Anniversary and beyond. I invite you to learn more, and share your own memories, on our 50thAnniversary website, stockton.edu/50.
Dr. Harvey Kesselman, President
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From EncycloPEZiaJump to navigationJump to search
Rooster is an animal dispenser that is part of the Easter series.
The common barnyard animal
- Head: White, Off-white, Yellow, Dark green, Medium/light green
- Comb: Red or orange comb
Yellow and green heads are typically worth more than the more common white head.
Patents & Countries
Green, red, orange, blue
Chickens and Roosters
- Chicken Little
- Chick in Egg
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Second & Third Trimester Abortions
Dilation and Evacuation
Dilation and evacuation is a surgical procedure that usually occurs between 12 and 24 weeks’ gestation. In most cases, 24 hours prior to the abortion procedure, the abortion provider will begin dilation of the cervix. The cervix must be opened wider than that required in a D&C or Suction Aspiration to allow entry of forceps. Forceps are the surgical instrument resembling pliers with teeth used to grab and extract the contents of the pregnancy. Intravenous sedation or general anesthesia may be required. The final step is usually suctioning to make sure the contents of the uterus are completely removed. The fetal remains are then examined to ensure everything was removed, and that the abortion was complete.
Side effects and potential risks of dilation and evacuation include:
- Cramping, nausea and prolonged bleeding
- Damage to uterine lining or cervix
- Perforation of the uterus
- Blood clots
Dilation and Extraction
The dilation and extraction procedure is typically used after 21 weeks’ gestation. This procedure is also known as D & X, Intact D & X, Intrauterine Cranial Decompression and Partial Birth Abortion. With this type of abortion, the cervix is typically dilated two days before the actual procedure. You will be instructed as to when to return to the clinic to complete the abortion. At that time, the fetus will be rotated and forceps will be used to grasp and pull the legs, shoulders, and arms through the birth canal. A small incision is then made at the base of the skull to allow a suction catheter inside. The catheter removes the cerebral material until the skull collapses. The fetus is then completely removed.
NOTE: Partial Birth Abortion is currently banned in the United States.
Side effects and potential risks of dilation and extraction include:
The side effects are the same as with the dilation and evacuation procedure. However, there is an increased chance of emotional problems due to the reality of a more advanced fetal development.
Please note that we do not offer, recommend or refer for abortions or abortifacients. We are, however, committed to offering accurate information about abortion procedures and risks. Make your free and confidential appointment at one of our four Jacksonville-area locations today.
The cost of an abortion depends upon several factors, including but not limited to: gestational age, insurance and other available funding. Abortion pricing in Florida ranges between $350 and $3500.
Health plans offered in the Florida health exchange under the Affordable Care Act can only cover abortion if a woman’s life is endangered, or in cases of rape or incest, unless individuals purchase an optional rider at an additional cost. Public funding is available for abortion only in cases of life endangerment, rape or incest.
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- 1 Do you play dead with black or brown bear?
- 2 What happens if you play dead with a black bear?
- 3 Do bears ignore you if you play dead?
- 4 When should you run from a bear?
- 5 What to do if you see a brown bear?
- 6 What do you do if a black bear charges you?
- 7 Do polar bears eat humans?
- 8 What to do if a black bear is outside your tent?
- 9 Can you fight a black bear?
- 10 Do bears ignore humans?
- 11 Will a taser stop a bear?
- 12 Do air horns scare bears?
- 13 Which bear Do you yell at?
- 14 Is a grizzly bear a brown bear?
- 15 Are black bears aggressive?
Do you play dead with black or brown bear?
Brown/Grizzly Bears: If you are attacked by a brown/grizzly bear, leave your pack on and PLAY DEAD. Lay flat on your stomach with your hands clasped behind your neck. Spread your legs to make it harder for the bear to turn you over. Remain still until the bear leaves the area.
What happens if you play dead with a black bear?
Play dead. Grizzlies will stop attacking when they feel there’s no longer a threat. If they think you’re dead, they won’t think you’re threatening. Once the bear is done tossing you around and leaves, continue to play dead.
Do bears ignore you if you play dead?
Myth #15: Play dead during an attack. Fact: Playing dead will work if you’re being attacked by a mother grizzly defending her cubs. But it is the wrong thing to do if you’re being attacked by a predatory bear. It is often silent and the bear does not exhibit any defensive behaviors like huffing or slapping the ground.
When should you run from a bear?
Spray the bear spray when the bear is within 10-15 feet of you and aim for the face. Whatever you do, DO NOT RUN. Stand your ground unless the bear makes contact. If the bear makes contact, drop to the ground and play dead.
What to do if you see a brown bear?
Here’s what the experts say:
- If you encounter a grizzly, do not run.
- Avoid direct eye contact.
- Walk away slowly, if the bear is not approaching.
- If the bear charges, stand your ground (you cannot outrun it).
- Don’t scream or yell.
- If you have pepper spray, prepare to use it.
What do you do if a black bear charges you?
When the bear charges you, hold your ground and stay calm. After the bear charges, slowly retreat while keeping an eye on the bear. Let the bear know that you’re a human, and that you aren’t a threat. Continue to speak to the bear in a calm voice and make it clear that you are a human.
Do polar bears eat humans?
More polar bears on land – looking for sustenance where their natural prey is absent – means more interactions with humans, and more attacks. Polar bears don’t seek out confrontations, but if they’re really hungry or feel threatened, they’ll kill – and eat – a human without a second thought.
What to do if a black bear is outside your tent?
If you hear a bear or other animal outside your tent make sure it is aware that there is a human inside by using a firm monotone voice. Turn on a flashlight or lantern. If the bear enters the tent fight back and yell. Many bears have been driven off this way.
Can you fight a black bear?
A pistol, like a 9mm, may kill a black bear if it’s within a few feet and strikes the head or heart. It won’t be immediate though, so don’t rely on it. A 12-gauge may be more effective, but again, it’s no guarantee. Against a grizzly, it’s quite possible you’ll just piss it off.
Do bears ignore humans?
Bears are opportunistic omnivores with an excellent sense of smell, and are attracted to human and pet foods as well as refuse. If they wander close to human settlements, the smells of cooking and garbage can cause them to ignore their usual instinct to avoid humans.
Will a taser stop a bear?
There is evidence of police in Washington using a Taser on a small black bear, and while it certainly deterred the bear, it didn’t have the desired effect: Chandler said a police officer used a Taser on the bear. “If you Tase a human, they usually say, ‘I give up! ‘ and stay down,” he said.
Do air horns scare bears?
“ Air horns are unproven in their effectiveness. High-pitched noises can arouse curiosity or irritate a bear.” However, the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife did recommend using air horns while hiking to scare aggressive bears away.
Which bear Do you yell at?
Make as much noise as possible by yelling, banging pots and pans or using other noisemaking devices. If the bear approaches and you have bear spray, spray the bear as he approaches. In the very rare case that a black bear does attack you, fight back (don’t play dead).
Is a grizzly bear a brown bear?
All grizzly bears are brown bears, but not all brown bears are grizzly bears. The bears you are watching on the cams are brown bears. Grizzly bears and brown bears are the same species (Ursus arctos), but grizzly bears are currently considered to be a separate subspecies (U.
Are black bears aggressive?
Black bears, for instance, are usually less aggressive and more tolerant of people. They often live near human settlements, whereas grizzly bears prefer to stay away from human settlements and are often extirpated from heavily used or populated areas. Black bears are excellent climbers.
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At Drayton Junior School we offer a wide range of extra-curricular activities during the school day and after school. These clubs give children the opportunity to learn new skills, to make new friends and to take part in the wider school community. Taking part in sports clubs often leads to opportunities to compete at events, while music clubs provide opportunities to perform both at school and in the community.
Most clubs are run on a weekly basis, while some clubs are run at specific times of the year. Here’s a selection of the some of the recent clubs we have on offer:
Football clubs for both girls and boys, lower school and upper school, Yoga, Wii Dance, Running Club, Rugby, Athletics, Cricket, Tennis, Netball, Choir, Ukulele Band Year 5/6, Samba Band, Art club and Book-Buzz club.
We also have both a School Council and Eco Council made up of representatives from each class. Class reps meet regularly to share ideas and to plan positive changes, all led by our brilliant pupils!
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Map of parts of the Districts of Nipissing and Algoma exhibiting the country around Sudbury and eastward to the Ottawa River
University Of Michigan
Info Circle Solid
1 map ; 67 x 121 cm Colors indicate the geological composition. Map also shows townships, rivers, lakes, railroad lines, Indian reserves, and other points of interest.
Ottawa. Geological Survey Department, surveyor.
Copp Clark Company, publisher.
University of Michigan
This map is in the public domain. Please attribute access and use of this digitized map to the Stephen S. Clark Library, University of Michigan Library.
Big Ten Academic Alliance Geoportal
News & Updates
Contact Project Team
Big Ten Academic Alliance Homepage
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Learmimg from the experience:
Why attend the course?
The ICAM researcher course (Incident Cause Analysis Method), a practical application of the recognized Reason Swiss Cheese Model for accidents; It provides participants with a systematic and effective approach to investigate incidents and accidents.
The course presents a step-by-step outline of the research process, and provides practical tools and instructions to examine the contributing factors to the incident.
- Know practical tools and techniques that allow to carry out an incident investigation through a systemic approach, through the ICAM methodology, which allows to identify the causes and generate actions tending to improve the organizational factors that influence the occurrence and repetition of this type of events in organizations.
- Know the keys to success in order to generate learning in the organization through a research process. </ li>
- Understand the role of the leader, methodological technical expert, and different actors involved in a research process.
- Know experiences of different mining operations, through real examples of high impact incidents. </ li>
- Publicize how the incident investigation process is connected to the OHS strategy of an organization and how these investigations should challenge the process, for its continuous improvement. Key to those who lead these processes.
- Managers, managers and supervisors interested in knowing and applying the icam incident cause analysis method
- Security experts.
- Professionals in general linked to risk management in mining or other companies in the hydrocarbons and energy sector
- Certificate (evaluation)
- Folder of theoretical material – practical
- Coffee breaks and lunches
Reports and Registrations:
- Telephone: + 51-13482161
- Email: email@example.com
LIMITED VACANCY¡Download registration form
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It’s the first Tuesday in November. Election Day. As in years past, today I am a patriot. I feel hopeful that democracy will bring out the best in this nation’s citizens and that tomorrow (or late tonight, huddled in front of my low-quality TV) I will witness political change and renew my belief that our politicians will pave (or plant) the way to a better future.
When I think about tomorrow’s leaders, I hope (almost desperately) they will have the courage to tackle global warming. The courts are unlikely to be an adequate substitute.
For the past six years, our federal government has refused to do much of anything. The most daring step taken may have occurred in 2005, when the Senate passed an amendment to the Energy Policy Act expressing its “sense” that Congress should do something. This “sense” did not remain in the law’s final version, and we have yet to see it translated into action.
In light of this systematic, breathtaking political failure, environmentalists have brought global warming into courtrooms across the country. This is new territory for the judiciary. To date, the U.S. Supreme Court has never so much as mentioned global warming or greenhouse gases in any of its decisions. However, the Justices are about to get their chance. On November 29th, as the dust settles from today’s election, the Justices will hear Massachusetts v. EPA, which has pitted state against state (eleven states join Massachusetts, nine join EPA) and split the business community in two.
This close encounter between the nine justices and our world’s biggest environmental problem has been long in the making. In 1999, 20 organizations led by the International Center for Technology Assessment filed a petition with the EPA asking the agency to use the Clean Air Act to regulate CO2 and other greenhouse gases emitted by cars and trucks. Four years later, in 2003, the agency denied the petition. Massachusetts and its allies, including most of the original organizations, challenged the decision. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit disagreed, and in a deeply divided decision, dismissed the case. On June 26, 2006, the Supreme Court granted certiorari.
But what’s all the fuss? From a legal standpoint, the case is not extraordinary. It involves three distinct questions:
- Does the Clean Air Act authorize the regulation of CO2 in car and truck exhaust?
- If so, can the EPA refuse to issue such regulations because it would prefer to address global warming through other means?
- Did Massachusetts and the other petitioners have “standing” to go to court in the first place?
In answering these questions, the court will face two divergent views of the Clean Air Act. Massachusetts believes the CAA is dynamic, designed to address emerging conditions in a changing world. EPA believes that the CAA is static, limited in applicability to those specific problems Congress considered when it was enacted.
I’ll be exploring some of the intricacies of these questions in future posts. Today, I want to note that whatever answers the Supreme Court provides may have unexpected consequences.
Should Massachusetts prevail, our global warming “victory” may be less than we hope. The Supreme Court will not order EPA to regulate greenhouse gases. Instead, the court will send the case back, giving the agency another crack at deciding for itself whether such regulation is appropriate (based on the legal standards provided by the court).
This second chance may inspire the agency to produce effective rules to reduce greenhouse gases. Alternately, it could descend into another interminable regulatory process that produces few solutions. Congress could use such a process as an excuse to look the other way, assuring voters that the EPA is “taking care of the problem.”
On the other hand, if Massachusetts loses, our political leaders may finally be inspired to act. If EPA can’t address global warming, the burden remains firmly on the shoulders of Congress. And in the end, that’s where it should be.
From a legal perspective, I believe Massachusetts is correct. The language of the Clean Air Act does apply to greenhouse gases and the agency shouldn’t be able to ignore the law simply because it prefers a different policy approach.
However, the Clean Air Act is not the best way to address global warming. Global warming is fundamentally different from acid rain, smog, and other air pollution. It is global in scope, created by all of us engaging in activities fundamental to our current society. Litigation like Massachusetts v. EPA may increase pressure on our political leaders. But it is not a solution.
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The majority of Finns have a positive view of hunting. In comparison to 2004, positive attitudes have increased while negative ones have decreased, according to a survey by Taloustutkimus Oy, commissioned by the Finnish Wildlife Agency.
The aim of the survey was to discover the Finns’ attitudes towards hunting and compare them, as applicable, to the survey of 2004. The survey consisted of interviews with 15-79 year old Finns, 13 per cent of whom had some experience of hunting. The survey was carried out by Taloustutkimus Oy.
The results of the survey show that the majority (61%) of Finns view hunting in a positive light, while 26% have a neutral view and 13% a negative one. The same trend as in the general attitudes to hunting is evident for different game species. People’s attitudes to hunting are more positive than ever since the opinion poll was started in 1986.
Only attitudes to the hunting of large carnivores are slightly more critical than in 2004. The general opinion is, nevertheless, that it must be possible to control populations of these animals through hunting.
Hunting is generally not considered to endanger populations of game. In this regard, attitudes have not changed since the survey in 2004. The hunting of deer species is viewed in the most positive light. Despite the general positive attitude, berry picking, fishing and mushroom picking still outstrip hunting as a method of utilising natural resources in the Finns’ estimation.
For each category of game species that the survey included, there are more people with positive views towards their hunting than people with negative views. No fewer than three out of four Finns react positively to the hunting of deer species. Men’s views are more positive than women’s in all categories of game hunting.
The Finns who responded were not able to give a clear, unambiguous purpose for hunting. One fifth consider the objective to be game hunting for food and a little less than a fifth regard it as the fulfilment of the instinct to hunt, outdoor recreation or mental refreshment. The purpose of hunting for food was emphasised especially in the responses of under 30-year-olds.
Hunters are also seen as conservationists to a greater degree than in the previous survey. The majority of Finns think that hunters comply with the regulations governing hunting, although opinions on this have become more critical.
The majority of Finns condemn the poaching of large carnivores. Almost one in five, however, accept the poaching of large carnivores when hunting permits cannot be legally obtained. Slightly more than a half of the interviewees are of the opinion that a large carnivore that comes into a yard or garden can be killed. Of the respondents, 34% think that there are too many wolves in Finland, while 41% think there are not.
Residents of Helsinki and the Uusimaa region generally have a more negative attitude towards hunting than people living elsewhere in the country. This difference is especially pronounced when it comes to hunting large carnivores, with 40% of Helsinki and Uusimaa dwellers stating their negative view.
The survey also studied the interviewees’ fear towards bears and wolves. Of the respondents, 46% are frightened of bears and 47% of wolves. The fear of bears is most common amongst Finns living in Western, Eastern and North Finland, while the wolf is feared more often than average in Western Finland. Hunters are more fearful of bears than wolves.
The purpose of the Finnish Wildlife Agency is to promote sustainable game management. Hunting is a way to collect and utilise the game stock produce.
- Head of media and communications
- ”Metsästäjä” magazine
- 029 431 2103
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CAMBRIDGE – A recurrent topic in the financial press for much of 2018 has been the rising risks in the emerging market (EM) asset class. Emerging economies are, of course, a very diverse group. But the yields on their sovereign bonds have climbed markedly, as capital inflows to these markets have dwindled amid a general perception of deteriorating conditions.
Historically, there has been a tight positive relationship between high-yield US corporate debt instruments and high-yield EM sovereigns. In effect, high-yield US corporate debt is the emerging market that exists within the US economy (let’s call it USEM debt). In the course of this year, however, their paths have diverged (see Figure 1). Notably, US corporate yields have failed to rise in tandem with their EM counterparts.
What’s driving this divergence? Are financial markets overestimating the risks in EM fixed income (EM yields are “too high”)? Or are they underestimating risks in lower-grade US corporates (USEM yields are too low)?\
Taking together the current trends and cycles in global factors (US interest rates, the US dollar’s strength, and world commodity prices) plus a variety of adverse country-specific economic and political developments that have recently plagued some of the larger EMs, I am inclined to the second interpretation.
In what is still a low-interest-rate environment globally, the perpetual search for yield has found a comparatively new and attractive source in the guise of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) within the USEM world. According to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, new issues of “conventional” high-yield corporate bonds peaked in 2017 and are off significantly this year (about 35% through November). New issuance activity has shifted to the CLO market, where the amounts outstanding have soared, hitting new peaks almost daily. The S&P/LSTA US Leveraged Loan 100 Index shows an increase of about 70% in early December from its 2012 lows (see Figure 2), with issuance hitting record highs in 2018. In the language of emerging markets, the USEM is attracting large capital inflows.
These CLOs share many similarities with the mortgage-backed securities that set the stage for the subprime crisis a decade ago. During that boom, banks bundled together loans and shed risk from their balance sheets. Over time, this fueled a surge in low-quality lending, as banks did not have to live with the consequences.
Likewise, for those procuring corporate borrowers and bundling corporate CLOs, volume is its own reward, even if this means lowering standards for borrowers’ creditworthiness. The share of “Weakest Links” – corporates rated B- or lower (with a negative outlook) – in overall activity has risen markedly since 2013-2015. Furthermore, not only are the newer issues coming from a lower-quality borrower, the covenants on these instruments – provisions designed to ensure compliance with their terms and thus minimize default risk – have also become lax. Covenant-lite issues are on the rise and now account for about 80% of the outstanding volume.
As was the case during the heyday of mortgage-backed securities, there is great investor demand for this debt, reminiscent of the “capital inflow problem” or the “bonanza” phase of the capital flow cycle. A recurring pattern across time and place is that the seeds of financial crises are sown during good times (when bad loans are made). These are good times, as the US economy is at or near full employment.
The record shows that capital-inflow surges often end badly. Any number of factors can shift the cycle from boom to bust. In the case of corporates, the odds of default rise with mounting debt levels, erosion in the value of collateral (for example, oil prices in the case of the US shale industry), and falling equity prices. All three sources of default risk are now salient, and, lacking credible guarantees, the CLO market (like many others) is vulnerable to runs, because the main players are lightly regulated shadow banking institutions.
And then there are the old and well-known concerns about shadow banking in general, which stress both its growing importance and the opaqueness of its links with other parts of the financial sector. Of course, we also hear that a virtue of financing debt through capital markets rather than banks is that the shock of an abrupt re-pricing or write-off will not impair the credit channel to the real economy to the degree that it did in 2008-2009. Moreover, compared to mortgage-backed securities (and the housing market in general), the scale of household balance sheets’ exposure to the corporate-debt market is a different order of magnitude.
A decade after the subprime bubble burst, a new one seems to be taking its place – a phenomenon aptly characterized by Ricardo Caballero, Emmanuel Farhi, and Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas as “Financial ‘Whac-a-Mole.’” A world economy geared toward increasing the supply of financial assets has hooked us into a global game of waiting for the next bubble to emerge somewhere.
Like the synchronous boom in residential housing prior to 2007 across several advanced markets, CLOs have also gained in popularity in Europe. Higher investor appetite for European CLOs has predictably led to a surge in issuance (up almost 40% in 2018). Japanese banks, desperately seeking higher yields, have swelled the ranks of buyers. The networks for financial contagion, should things turn ugly, are already in place.
Carmen M. Reinhart is Professor of the International Financial System at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government.
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Western Growers Launches New AgTechX Ed Initiative; Dave Puglia and California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross Address Ag Challenges
IRVINE, CA - The marriage between innovation and agriculture is an ever-strengthening one, and our industry has taken great strides in bringing the technology of the future to the fields. Western Growers is furthering this mission, recently teaming up with Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary, to launch the statewide AgTechX Ed initiative, aimed at developing a future workforce with the skills and knowledge to navigate emerging on-farm technology.
“As we face chronic and worsening labor shortages, escalating labor costs and legislative mandates, and dwindling access to water, crop protection tools, and other inputs, the rapid development and deployment of technology is our best hope to preserve California’s farmland and regional agricultural economies,” said Dave Puglia, Western Growers President and CEO. “AgTechX Ed is an exciting and critical initiative that can help advance the tech-expert workforce we must have to continue producing healthy California-grown foods.”
According to a press release, the AgTechX Ed initiative will bring together universities and colleges, farming and agricultural partners, and technology companies across California to transition the ag workforce to master rapidly developing agricultural technology, also known as agtech.
The initiative will include four AgTechX Ed events in key rural areas across the state, each featuring a dialogue between leading farming and technology companies around the specific skills they need in their workforces, along with training opportunities available in their organizations. Additionally, local Community Colleges and State Universities will share how they are revamping their curriculum and adding new educational pathways in an effort to build tomorrow’s agtech workforce.
Secretary Ross will provide insight into the importance of partnerships between industry, government, and academia to adapt education to the changing needs of agriculture.
“To rise to the occasion of feeding a global population of 10 billion people in the next 30 years with fewer resources and labor, we need to start investing in preparing tomorrow’s agricultural workforce today,” said Ross. “Education starts in the classroom, and that’s where agriculture prominently needs to be. As the development of technology rapidly accelerates, initiatives such as AgTechX Ed lays the foundation for new tech-based education training platforms that will build an adequately trained workforce.”
The first AgTechX Ed event will take place August 25–26, 2021, at Reedley College. The remaining events will be held in Imperial Valley, Monterey County, and the greater Sacramento area. In addition to the events, AgTechX Ed will facilitate internship/apprenticeship opportunities, job shadow programs, and regional career mixers. The initiative will also build on existing workforce development programs that encourage youth to pursue careers in agriculture, including Careers in Ag and Junior AgSharks.
Registration for AgTechX Ed at Reedley College will be available later this summer.
Keep reading ANUK, and be sure to look out for the little orange outline in our newsletter to keep a pulse on industry advocacy.
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Learn how to read Quran fluently starting from Arabic alphabets. Joining of letters to make words and reading the Arabic script of the Quran will be covered in Quran Reading courses.
Our virtual classroom has the highest quality sound and graphic which provides crystal clear full duplex voice transmission between teacher and students. We use the powerful latest conference technology. In our virtual classroom, student will be able to chat with the teacher through audio,video and text. Our powerful software allows students to practice their Arabic or Tajweed on the whiteboard with the teacher.
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Apr 30, 20 the heart of the glocks system of operation is its striker mechanism, which is the key to glocks safe action trigger. Most popular preschool and kindergarten worksheets. Use our gun diagrams for reference when shopping for gun parts. These gun blueprints will help you better understand how your firearm is assembled with links to the gun parts for easy check out. Why are glocks considered safe action and different from. Glock gen4 compatibility glock safe action pistols only require 34 components clearly less than conventional pistols. The glock is a series of polymerframed, short recoiloperated, lockedbreech semiautomatic pistols designed and produced by austrian manufacturer glock ges. Take a look at this complete walkthrough of a glock pistol build and find out if.
There are four divisions the stock, pocket glocks, rimfire, and the unlimited. The following is not a method of forming rifling in a. Trigger guard the trigger guard is a fixed ring set around the exposed parts of a trigger lever. At the beginning consumer goods made out of wood, polymers and metal were produced by only 3 employees. Glock seeks to provide pistol owners with all of the information they need to safely operate and maintain their glock pistols. Glock 17, 17l, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 pistol owners gu jim. These gun diagrams will help you better understand how your firearm is assembled with links to the gun parts for easy check out.
Glock just changed their coating from tennifer to nitrade and from all accounts nitrade is a better finish. Gun schematics exploded gun diagrams, gun parts midwayusa. The formulas and calculations on this worksheet may differ from leader in action points calculated for promotions and other incentives. The information on this worksheet is intended to help associates track key business building metrics. All modern handguns have three basic groups of parts. If you own or use any glock handgun, this book is an absolute necessity. Several types of actions are used in modern handguns. There are over 100 free fraction worksheets in pdfs below to support the many concepts encountered with fractions. It is really neither single action nor is it double action. Paws for action duty to country us scouting service. Buy your glock pistol online or visit an authorized dealer today. If you are sad, you might withdraw from your friends. Gen5 the glock pistols of the 5th generation combine the technology of the future with improved precision, versatility, speed and the familiar reliability. A list of popular uspsa production guns wouldnt be complete without the og brand of polymerframed, strikerfired guns represented.
Glock firearms pistols, handguns, accessories able ammo. With your family, develop a plan to follow in case of an emergency, and practice. As the slide moves forward and the trigger is released, the following actions occur. When you experience an emotion, a behavior usually comes with it. It is essentially a springloaded firing pin that partially charges when the slide action is cycled.
Jan 23, 2012 glock arms company fact sheet glock pistols. Glock provides professional training to law enforcement, military, licensed security and other personnel who desire to utilize the glock glock 2016 armorers manual pdf. This coloring math worksheet gives your child practice finding 1 more and 1 less than numbers up to 20. Building a custom glock pistol at home american rifleman. An action verb is a word that show what someone or something is doing. Many modern guns rely on a double action trigger meaning the simple act of pulling the trigger causes the hammerstriker to be cocked and released in one action.
Adverbs an action verb is underlined in each sentence. Transport theme worksheets truck theme worksheets book report. Jan 27, 2009 i am looking into some shooting competitions and the requirements are the gun must be a carry or duty weapon and it needs to be double action i have shot the glock 19 and absolutely loved it but i dont want to purchase one if i cant use it in the competition i know there are more accurate guns and better guns for competitions but this is the gun i want just a simple question. The gssf range masters will make final decisions regarding inappropriate actions or. Parts order form certified armorers click here to download. Choose from a g17, g18c, g19, g19x, and even the g34. Glock armorers manual, safeaction pistols unbound loose leaf facsimile. The three automatic independentlyoperating mechanical safeties are built into the fire control system of the pistol. Squeezing the trigger completes the charging and then releases the striker to hit the firing pin. Whether tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore. Glock pistol schematic exploaded gun diagrams, gun parts.
Unbound binderready loose leaf, binderready means that the pages are holepunched and ready to be put in binders. The frame incorporates elements of the gen5 and slimline series such the short trigger distance, a frame with a builtin beavertail, a reversible magazine catch and the incredibly accurate, matchgrade glock marksman barrel gmb and precisionmilled front serrations. All firearms must be secured in a glock box, bag or suitable container before anyone is allowed downrange. Main features the new safeaction trigger system offers the shooter the possibility getting off every shot. The system, designated safe action by glock, consists of an external integrated trigger. Remove slide from receiver grasp the pistol in the right or left hand in such a way that four fingers rest over the slide and the thumb rests on the rear side of the receiver fig.
Glock glock firearms pistols, handguns, accessories avaliable here at ables at our discount prices. Backgrounder on glock 19 pistol and ammunition magazines used. When competitors complete the course of fire, have them unload and show clear. When starting with fractions, begin by focusing on 12 and then a 14 before moving to equivalent fractions and using the 4 operations with fractions adding, subtracting, multiplying and. Glock inspection form certified armorers click here to download. W15qkn15r0002, which was issued for the evaluation and purchase of a modular handgun system mhs. Write the number of the circle the adverb that describes the verb. A variety of glock models are represented by the selection of co2 and green gasoperated glock air powered handguns from umarex usa and elite force airsoft. This only partially protects the firearm from discharging accidentally when kept. Jan 05, 2011 recorded on january 5, 2011 using a flip video camera. This page includes manuals, diagrams, pictures, detailed specifications and other useful information. Kindergarten, 1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, 5th grade and more.
The protester alleges that the rfp did not permit the agency to make fewer than two awards after the first. Free printable worksheets, word lists and activities. Adjectives worksheets handouts printable exercises. Common documents can be converted to pdf files at an incredibly fast speed while retaining the look and feel of the original documents as well as many options that give users flexibility in pdf creation. Customs and border protection that has full parts compatibility with a glock 19, meaning a g47 slide can be put on a g19 frame to give the g19 a longer slide, barrel, and sight radius, or a g19 slide can be put on a g47 frame to create a pistol the functions like a glock 45. Glock has been on board with the program since its inception and it is one of sasps founding partners. Liveworksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into selfcorrecting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher. Now onto the parts i believe glock either forgot, didnt care about, or messed up.
Always assume that the glock pistol or any other firearm is loaded is capable of being discharged until you the user, have been personally convinced to the contrary. Here you can find product information and important safety instructions to help you get the most out of your glock. Glock seeks perfection in every product it produces, but when issues do arise, we want to provide the bestinclass customer support. A springloaded sheetmetal pressing serves as the slide catch, which is secured from. Glock has become the preferred pistol for both law enforcement and consumers who choose glock safe action pistols because of their durability and. Glock s revolutionary safe action system provides a consistent trigger pull from the first to the last round. Home glock talk general glocking printable glock 19 grip template gerryh jul 18, 2014 so lets say you want to add a little extra friction between your hand and your glock. The companys history started in deutsch wagram, austria.
Lone wolf distributors complete glock reference guide the. These action marks are produced when the cartridge case moves laterally against the tool inner surface of the firearm producing a scrape mark. Firearms secured in holsters will have the slide locked to the rear. This coloring math worksheet gives your child practice finding 1 more and 1 less than numbers up to 100. Backgrounder on glock 19 pistol and ammunition magazines used in attack on representative gabrielle giffords and others comparable in size and weight to the small. In my opinion, the glock 43 is the perfect sized pistol for concealed carry. The ultimate guide to glock preventative maintenance and. The forms of assistance that are given through social support come in many forms, and have a significant impact on a persons wellbeing. Experience the accuracy and safety of glock pistols. Research has shown that cbt can be effective for children as young as 7 years old, if the concepts are explained in a simple and relatable manner. The three automatic, independently operating mechanical safeties are built into the fire control system of the pistol. Check out our official glock collection at your local dealer. The slide 1 will the remain in the open position, held by the slide stop lever 27. Find parts for a glock pistol in this easytounderstand schematic.
Sample forensic examination worksheet examination of firearms. We offer a variety of fan items for passionate glock fans. For general instructions about offense worksheets, see about worksheets. Glock night sight installation with lenny magill featuring the universal pistol rear sight tool duration. All other parts are contained within it or connected to it.
Social support is the help provided by other people, such as family, friends, groups, and communities. Mar 12, 2015 using a glock cutaway, i show the safety systems of a glock, and how it works. Glock instruction for use for the safe action selfloading pistol take note. Every glock pistol comes with 3 independent safeties. With close to 300 pages of detailed diagrams and more than 400.
Jun 02, 2016 thank you to glock for its continued support of the scholastic action shooting program. Recorded on january 5, 2011 using a flip video camera. I have attempted to explain how a glock trigger system works. Sep 01, 2015 he said the trigger bar does not wear but where it mates with the connector can. Department name address city state zip contact name phone 2nd phone cell fax email potential date. The glock g34 was the fourth most popular production gun for shooters surveyed with a total of nine percent. In the process that eliminates the conventional machining of metal, rifling is formed by wet. The glock safeaction trigger pull, interchangeable backstraps. Lone wolf distributors is proud to announce that the exclusive rights have been purchased from ptooma productions, and now the complete glock reference guide is better than ever. The firearm entered austrian military and police service by 1982 after it was the top performer in reliability and safety tests. The ultimate guide to glock preventative maintenance and scheduled parts replacements prepared gun. The protester alleges that the rfp did not permit the agency to make fewer than two awards after the first phase of.
Free printable 1st grade worksheets, word lists and. While this sample has been constructed around a company with less than 150 employees, thereby allowing. Fillable pdf form software the leading glock forum. The glock 47 is a fullsized mos version created for u. Glocks revolutionary safe action system provides a consistent trigger pull from the first to the last round. Glock renews commitment to scholastic action shooting program. Doing the opposite action will help you change your emotion. The frame is a metal housing that also serves as the handle grip of the handgun. Sample affirmative action program aap the following sample aap is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the only styles and formats that meet regulatory requirements. This simplifies spare parts logistics, reduces susceptibility to errors, reduces maintenance costs and above all results in unsurpassed parts compatibility among various glock pistol models. The action, also known as the trigger group, contains the parts that fire the cartridges. The software installs a pdf writer named easy pdf creator as if it were a real printer, making the creation of pdf files as easy as printing.
This is one of our more popular pages most likely because learning fractions is incredibly important in a persons life and it is a math topic that many approach with trepidation due to its bad rap over the years. Secondly, open the action and check that no round is loaded in the firing. Using a glock cutaway, i show the safety systems of a glock, and how it works. Your body causes you to react to emotions in a specific way. Welcome to the fractions worksheets page at where the cup is half full. Choose the generation of the glock model air pistol you desire and be sure to order what you need to make your glock run flawlessly.
Nevertheless, your pistol should be properly cleaned and lubricated to prevent corrosion and to remove accumulated dirt and debris that can affect the action or operation of your pistol. The glock is a series of polymerframed, short recoiloperated, lockedbreech semiautomatic. Glock owners manual glock safe action pistols all models glock owners manual 2016 glock safe action pistols manual for all models. The ergonomics are very good, the comfort in the hand is fantastic, the weight is kept to a minimum, the magazines are easy to load, and the slide release is functional. Glock 17, 17l, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 pistol owners guide manual download please note this is the operators owners manual in the title above this is a.1092 1547 1405 32 987 1591 163 135 1205 604 672 550 1581 1118 944 580 734 1501 1357 583 720 184 856 437 1545 804 147 459 578 284 836 506 760 525 1366 708 154 807 107 1045 422 823 978 272
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A Raisin is a dried grape. So, Dried Raisins are grapes that are produced in many regions of the world and are eaten raw or used in cooking sweet dishes, baking with rice, and brewing for some special recipes. The dried raisins are available in light yellow colour to gloomy yellow to black and they are so sweet. Many people love to eat dried raisins along with other dried fruits such as cashew nuts, almonds, and dates.
Dried raisins are mixed in other recipes such as pulao and biryani as value addition, and they are mandatory when you prepare sweet, coloured rice for wedding occasion. Since ancient times people carry a belief that dried raisins are good for stomach as they help in digestion, while some others believe that they are very good for eyesight. Children like dried raisins very much for the different sweet taste and for their softness.
These golden or blackish dried raisins are popularly known as kishmish in India and are nutrient-filled powerhouses. Equally liked by adults and children, dried raisins are a rich source of iron, calcium, fibre, and potassium. All these essential nutrients provide you with an energy boost and help you keep your hair and skin glowing.
Dried raisins become a prominent part of snacks for guests and these are the sweet raisins that you can eat any time of the day. Professionals even carry dried raisins to their offices and travellers on their journeys. Many Indian sweets carry dried raisins for sheer taste. They are also placed as tops on, cereal, granola, baked goods or sweet dishes. The dried raisins are available in the market in packets of different weights and qualities. Though many prefer golden raisins, some would go for black ones.
Benefits of Dried Raisins:
It improves bone strength
It helps in eyesight
It regulates blood pressure
It boosts immunity
It prevents anemia
It works against acidity
Dried Raisins are indeed very healthy and nice food product that has no side effects on consumption. Taking it in moderate quantity results in several health benefits mentioned above. These remain in high demand throughout the year especially during the winters. It can be taken raw or with cooked food.
Buyers looking forward to purchase dried raisins in bulk quantity may send us their requirement. Our sellers will be delighted to serve all their requirements. Avail of the benefits on bulk purchase of this wonder dry fruit.
What are the nutritional facts of dried raisins?
Dried raisins of weight 160gm contain 508 calories. They carry 3g protein, 0.5g fats, 123g carbohydrates, 40g calcium, 11.2g fibre, 3.76g iron, 43mg magnesium, and 1196mg potassium.
Which one is better, kishmish or munakka?
It depends on individual preferences. However, on the basis of nutritional value, munakka carries more energy since it contains iron and magnesium. When you eat soaked munakka you get many health benefits. Most experts opine that munakka is healthier since it does not induce acidity or gastric related issues.
How do dried raisins regulate blood pressure?
Dried raisins have low sodium content. It also contains a good amount of potassium, which helps in balancing the sodium content in your body that leads to the fine relaxation of your blood vessels.
How do dried raisins help prevent tooth decay?
Oleanolic acid present in dried raisins helps in the prevention of tooth decay. They also help in keeping the teeth clean and healthy by removing germs. Dried raisins help prevent cavity, and since they are rich in calcium and boron they help in the prevention of tooth decay.
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Growth of Socialist and Communist Movements in British India
Socialists in congress
For first few years after the formation of Indian National Congress the Liberals who dominated over country’s political scene and led freedom struggle were Rightists. They had no contacts with the masses. They, believed in British sense of justice and were convinced that it was in India’s own interest to remain in British empire.
There was, therefore, not much of Leftist ideology in the Congress party which was in the fore front of country’s freedom struggle. There were however, several causes responsible for the rise and growth of leftist ideology and coming together of the socialists, which resulted in the formation of Congress Socialist Party.
In 1931, Bihar Socialist Party was formed at Patna and Kamla Devi Chatopadhyay, Patwardhan and Masani founded Bombay Socialist Party. At Lahore was founded the Punjab Social Party. Ram Manoher Lohia, Sampurna Nand, Acharya Narendra Deva and Kamlapati Tripathi founded U.P. Socialist Party at Benaras. In C.P. All India Working Class Party was founded at Jabal Pur.
The Congress party, however, did not appreciate the developments which were taking place in the party. But even then first Congress of All India Congress Socialist Party was held at Bombay on October 21-22, 1934. It was presided over by Dr. Sampurna Nand. It was at this Congress that party constitution, was adopted.
There were many socialists leaders in congress party like jawahar lal Nehru and subhash Chandra bose.
At the 1931 Karachi session of the Indian National Congress, socialist pattern of development was set as the goal for India. Through the 1955 Avadi Resolution of the Indian National Congress, a socialistic pattern of development was presented as the goal of the party. A year later, the Indian parliament adopted ‘socialistic pattern of development’ as official policy, a policy that came to include land reforms and regulations of industries.
Congress socialist party
Congress socialist party was founded in 1934. Although being inspired by Soviet Revolution leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose spoke of socialism and of organising the peasants and 1 labourers for ultimate transference of power to them, nothing concrete was done in that direction. Because Jawaharlal Nehru was more a leader than an organiser. This beside, at this stage he did not have the courage to do things that might be disapproved by Gandhi. Subhas Chandra Bose had the courage and capacity, but as he did not have the backing of at least a microscopic group of radicals, he perhaps did not think it wise to go against the shrewd and seasoned politicians of northern India. The Communist Party of India was organised as early as 1924, but their left-sectarian working as per directions of the Comintern cut them off from the main stream of Indian politics. Consequently, the political movement remained confined among the upper and middle class intelligentsia swinging like a pendulum within the Congress sometimes to petty constitutionalism and sometimes to passive resistance.
The year 1934 marked the realisation by the Congress socialists’ that ‘’Independence is not an abstract concept for a few misguided intellectuals. It is a concrete thing for all’the various sections of the people. The masses do not conceive it in terms of assemblies and constitutions. Nevertheless, to them it does mean certain very concrete things. If to the peasant, ground down by landlordism, independence means freedom from that system, it’cannot be said that abolition of landlordism is to him an issue remote from independence.” But realisation cannot be fruitful unless it is put to action.
The communist party of india
The Communist Party of India was inspired by the Russian Revolution. It had its roots in the erstwhile Soviet Union. The party was bom in Tashkent in 1920 as the brainchild of M.N. Roy.
Some British Communists and M.N.Roy inspired a group of young Indians, who were great admirers of Marxism and the Russian revolution to set up in India an organization to spread the Marxist ideology. This organization came formally into existence on 26 December 1925, and was named as the Communist Party ofIndia. Shortly after, the CPI was recognized on Roy’s advice, as a branch ofthe Communist International.
The Communist International not only determined the programme of the CPI, it also trained many Indian Communists in the art of fomenting discontent and rebellion among the people, of preparing them for armed insurrection, of organizing worker’s strikes and the freedom struggle and of infiltrating into government and institutions so as to wreck from within. A few ofthe communists who were trained in Moscow were M.N.Roy, S.A. Dange, G.M.Adhikari, C.P.Dutt, Dr. Hafiz, Nalini Gupta, Ayodhya Prasad and Shaukat Usmani.
During the 1920’s and beginning of 1930’s the party was badly organized and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national coordination. The British colonial authorities had banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party very difficult. Only in 1935 was the party ready to be accepted as the Indian section ofthe Communist Third International. However, only Usmani became a CPI party member.
Between 1921 and 1924 there were four conspiracy trials against the communist movement: First Peshawar Conspiracy Case, Second Peshawar Conspiracy Case, Moscow Conspiracy Case and the Cawnpore Bolshevik Conspiracy Case.
In the first three cases, Russian trained Muhajir Communists were put on trail. However, the Cawnpore trial had more political impact. On March 17th, 1924, M.N.Roy, S.A.Dange, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, Ghulan Gussain, and R.C.Sharma were charged, in Cawnpore Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The Specific charge was that they, as communists, were seeking “to Deprive the king Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from Imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution.
On 25th December 1925, a Communist Conference was organized in Kanpur. Colonial authorities estimated that 500 persons took part in the conference. The conference was convened by a man called Satyabhakta. At the Conference Satyabhakta argued for a “national communism”, and against subordination under Committee.
Being outvoted by the other delegates, Satyabhakta left both the Conference Vince in protest. The Conference adopted the name “Communist Party of India”. Groups such as LKPH dissolved into the minified CPI. The emigre CPI, which probably had little character anyway, was effectively substituted by the organization now operating inside India.
Soon after the 1926 Conference of the workers and peasants party of Bengal, the underground CPI directed its members to join the provincial workers and peasant’s parties. All open Communist activities were carried out through workers and peasant’s parties.
The Sixth Congress ofthe Communist International met in 1928. In 1927 the Kuomintang had turned on the Chinese communists, which led a review ofthe policy on forming alliances with the national bourgeoisie in the colonial countries. The colonial theses of the 6th comiintem congress called upon the Indian Communists to combat the “National – Reformist leaders” and to unmask the national reformism ofdie Indian National Congress and oppose all phrases ofthe Swarajists, Gandhists, etc, about passive resistance. The Congress did however some differentiation between the character of the Chinese Kuomintang and the Indian Swarajist Party, considering the latter as neither a reliable ally nor a direct enemy. The Congress called on the Indian communists to utilize the contradictions between the national bourgeoisie and the British imperialists.
On March 20th 1929, arrests against WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India in what became known as “the Meerut Conspiracy Case.” The Communist leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years.
As of 1934, the main centre of activity ofCPI were Bombay, Calcutta and Punjab. The Party had also begun extending its activities to Madras. A Group of Andhra and Tamil students, amongst them P.Sundarayya, were recruited to the CPI by Amir Hyder Khan.
The Party was reorganized in 1933, after the Communist leaders from the Meerut trials were released. A Central Committee of the party was set up. In 1934 the party was accepted as the Indian section of the Communists International.
In July 1937, the first Kerala unit of CPI was founded at a clandestine meeting in Calicut. Five persons were present at the meeting, E.M.S. Namboodripad, Krishna Pillai, N.C.Shekhar, K.Damodaran and S.V.Ghate. The first four were members of the CSP in Kerala. The latter, Ghate, was a CPI Central Committee member, who had arrived from Madras. Contacts between the CSP in Kerala and the CPI had begun in 1935, when P.Sundarayya met with E.M.S and Krishna Pillai. Sundarayya and Ghate visited Kerala at several times and met with the CSP leaders there. The contacts were facilitated through the national meetings ofthe Congress, CSP and all India Kisan Sabha.
Revolutionary Socialist Party
The Revolutionary Socialist Party was formed in March 1940, largely as a political manifestation of the Anushilan Samiti or the Liberation Movement in Bengal. It also draws its roots from the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army. The youth who were members of the Anushilan Samiti took active part in reading Marx-Lenin manuscripts, and were jailed a number of times for being radical freedom fighters. Though many young members of the Samiti broke away from the Anushilan movement to join the CPI, which was the oldest existing political party to begin the communist movement, most stayed attached to the movement itself, indulging in copious readings of Marxism-Leninism.
All India Forward Bloc
When Netaji resigned from the post of the President of Indian National Congress in April 1939, he pledged to form a new political party, which would uphold its strong fight against colonial imperialism and domination, at all costs. A rally was held in Calcutta and young girls and boys came together to sign a pledge, under the brilliant leadership of Netaji. The formation of the party was formally announced on 3rd May, 1939. On the 22nd of June, of the same year, the All India Forward Bloc held its first conference in Bombay, where the Constitution and program of the Forward Bloc was drafted. The Central Committee of the All India Forward Bloc was officially announced about a month later, in July. Subhas Chndra Bose became the President, Lal Shankarlal its General Secretary and S.S. Cavesheer from Punjab was elected the Vice-President of AIFB. The Nagpur Conference of the Forward Bloc, held from 18-22 June 1940, remains a historic episode in the history of the life of AIFB. Bose, as the President of the political party, resolved to win Purna Swaraj or complete independence for India by initiating some concrete plans. Steps were taken to form a national unity among all sections of the Indian society. Immediacy was felt to organize the formation of Panchayats, as organs of struggle and organs of administration, right from the village level to the centre.
The formation of Panchayats was made essential if Purna Swaraj was to be attained. However, after the ‘Great Escape’ of Bose in January 1941, the members and workers of the All India Forward Bloc were severely tortured and brutally injured by the police and other state organs of the colonial administration. The party was declared illegal and therefore was banned by the British. However, the AIFB still played a significant role in the Quit India Movement in 1942 and all anti-imperialist struggles which followed it.
The AIFB held frequent meetings and rallies to consolidate its position and reaffirm its strong political presence in the country. The Arrah Conference of the All India Forward Bloc held in January 1947 was a turning point in the history of the party. The Arrah Thesis, as it is popularly called in the political circle, called for the consolidation of the Left forces in India, for achieving the post-war revolution, leading to “All Power to Indian People” as firmly envisaged by Netaji. The party further consolidated its position after Indian independence, by reorganizing a number of its workers committees and organizations.
Revolutionary socialist movement
Socialism also had a revolutionary side. One such important organization was Hindustan socialist republican army (HSRA).
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was a revolutionary organisation, also known as Hindustan Socialist Republican Army established in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla New Delhi by Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and others. Previously it was known as Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) whose written constitution and published manifesto titled The Revolutionary was produced as a witness in the Kakori conspiracy case of 1925. Likewise the Hindustan Republican Association, HSRA. was also a revolutionary organisation which worked more dangerously from 1928 to 1931 in the Indian subcontinent to uproot the British Raj from the country through armed struggle.
TSPSC Notes brings Prelims and Mains programs for TSPSC Prelims and TSPSC Mains Exam preparation. Various Programs initiated by TSPSC Notes are as follows:-
- TSPSC Mains Tests and Notes Program 2022
- TSPSC Group I Prelims Exam 2020- Test Series and Notes Program 2022
- TSPSC Prelims and Mains Tests Series and Notes Program 2022
- TSPSC Detailed Complete Prelims Notes 2022
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National Preparedness Month (NPM), recognized each September, provides an opportunity to remind us that we all must prepare ourselves and our families now and throughout the year. This NPM will focus on planning, with an overarching theme: Disasters Happen. Prepare Now. Learn How.
TMA members can find resources to share with their customers at National Preparedness Month. Companies can also plan events for September 15, the National Day of Action.
2018 Weekly Themes
- Week 1: Sept 1-8 Make and Practice Your Plan
- Week 2: Sept 9-15* Learn Life Saving Skills
- Week 3: Sept 16-22 Check Your Coverage
- Week 4: Sept 23-29 Save For an Emergency
Find graphics, videos, downloadable flyers, and more at National Preparedness Month.
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The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) government will make the sale of new internal combustion engine (ICE) cars illegal from 2035, and by 2030 it wants 80-90% of new light vehicles (passenger cars, motorcycles and small trucks) sold to be zero emission models. As you would expect, the take-up of electric vehicles in the ACT is faster than the rest of the country1. This is likely to be because the ACT is the most progressive jurisdiction in the nation, and not as many people are swayed by conservative drivel or conspiracy theories. This may be why, for the first time since gaining representation, the ACT has no Liberal members or senators in federal parliament
It is almost needless to say that several people have been whining about this already. The Daily Cut and Paste had the misleading headline that petrol cars would be banned in the ACT. It is only the sale of new ICE cars which will be banned. The tenor of the comments on the story in the Daily Cut and Paste shows you the limited purview of the muppets who read it. They called the ACT announcement hypocritical, unachievable, whined that renewable power is expensive and unreliable (it is cheaper than all other forms), called it virtue signalling, woke2, and all sorts of other vacant right-wing epithets.
The silly Ben Fordham, the poor man’s Alan Jones, was also irate. On the RWNJ’s radio station of choice, 2GB, he said that this was just the next “shame campaign” being led by “virtue signalling leaders”. He allowed that it may be possible to do that in Canberra, but not in Sydney, as there are too many vehicles and it would be impossible to charge all of them3.
These poor, benighted Daily Cut and Paste readers and Fordham listeners seem to be unaware that Norway and South Korea plan to ban new ICE car sales by 2025; Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Israel, Sweden, India, Germany, UK by 2030; Scotland by 2032; Japan and California by 2035; China, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Canada, France, Spain, Portugal, Egypt and New Jersey by 20404. There are orders of magnitude more cars in some of these places than in cities like Sydney.
While my opinion of the people who read the Daily Cut and Paste and people who listen to Fordham is particularly low, it is clearly not as low as the opinion Fordham or those who write for the Daily Cut and Paste have of their audience.
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Plastic Injection molding is a process for creating plastic parts by using a combination of heat and pressure to inject resin into a mold cavity. Every injection molded part is the result of a complex series of changes in phase, temperature, and pressure.
Yow HONG an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer, has earned a reputation for being one of the best in the industry, offering high-quality, low-cost solutions. With competitive pricing, we offer you leveraging the benefits. Our quality assurance systems can provide complete traceability from raw materials to final delivery. It is the dedication of our staff that gives our customers the advantage.
We have 9 advanced multiple plants precision injection molding machines carrying from 200kg to 5 tons of capacity and computers supporting the injection products manufacturing equipment
We provide both horizontal and vertical plastic injection molding services. In addition, our plastic injection molding expertise includes a variety of industries(ex: Daily necessities3C supplies. auto parts. bicycle parts.)
Reusable Food Ware
Interior Dome Lights Housing
Swimming Goggles Frame
Fuel Tank Cap
Rear View Mirror
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Astronomy is studied in seventh grade in connection with its importance to the Renaissance. The arcs and circles described by the stars, the sun’s daily course, and the phases of the moon are observed and explained. The class considers the history of astronomy, especially its development from a geocentric to a heliocentric view of the universe, and studies the biographies of astronomers such as Copernicus and Kepler. A mid-winter class trip to the Hulbert Outdoor Center in Vermont allows for splendid naked-eye observation of the heavens.
Seventh grade students also study human physiology, a vital discipline for Renaissance artists. Looking at the living body from the vantage point of health and human hygiene, the class covers such topics as the metabolic system, the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction, the respiratory and circulatory systems, the heart and lungs, the composition and circulation of the blood, and the immune system. Study includes the dynamic interplay of organs and functions throughout the body. The work with digestion focuses on rhythms of digestion, nourishment, and nutrition as well as stimulants and poisons. Drugs, sex, addictions, and eating disorders are also addressed. The main lesson book includes detailed compositions and diagrams.
Seventh grade physics begins with a continuation of the themes from sixth grade. The topics in acoustics include mathematical aspects of the overtone series, frequency, vibrations, and the generation of the diatonic scale. Optics lessons focus on the laws of reflection and refraction, and concave and convex mirrors. Electricity and circuitry are studied. In addition, students work with the mechanics of the “simple machines” that underlie all labor-saving devices – the lever, the pulley, the inclined plane, and the wheel and axle. They also learn to apply algebraic equations to the laws that underlie the science of mechanics.
Chemistry is introduced in seventh grade. Topics include combustion, oxidation, acids and bases, salt formation, the lime cycle, and the environmental importance of water. Chemistry is taught, not only as a laboratory science, but also as a means of extending the students’ vision of the earth and humanity. Students may read Jack London’s “To Build a Fire” to deepen their understanding of fire’s life-giving power. Students are required to take lab notes, write detailed reports, and complete carefully written and diagrammed main lesson books.
Human physiology is taken up again in eighth grade with a focus on the skeletal system. Students see how form and function unite in the creation of a uniquely efficient structure, the human skeleton. The role of the muscles, the senses, the nervous system, and the brain are also examined. Main lesson books include detailed drawings of bones, including the human skull.
Eighth graders also study meteorology. In this class they are introduced to local weather systems, fronts, cloud formations, and storms. They observe daily weather patterns and attempt weather predictions based on changes in barometric pressure and cloud formations. The study of planetary movement, wind patterns, ocean currents, and biomes enables students to look at present-day ecological concerns with a more informed eye.
Eighth grade physics concentrates first on the study of fluid mechanics. Concepts of water pressure, buoyancy, flotation and displacement, density, and surface tension are explored with the aid of appropriate demonstrations. Students learn Archimedes’ Principle and Pascal’s Principle, as well as the laws of hydrodynamics as they apply to machines and systems with which the students are familiar. Atmospheric pressure and the vacuum are the essential concepts explored in the study of the mechanics of gases. The final topic is electricity. The development of the wet cell and the basic principles of the electro-magnet are studied. Each student is required to build an electric motor constructed from simple materials.
The eighth grade study of chemistry focuses on organic compounds –- carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The role of these compounds in nature, nourishment, and commercial products is examined. Emphasis is placed on the study of carbohydrates – sugars, starches, and cellulose – and students learn the history of sugar as well. Photosynthesis and respiration are presented as complementary processes. Nutritional chemistry is also addressed, including metabolism and the effects of organic compounds on the human body and health. Students often make rock candy, bread, milk, glue, cheese, paper, or soap as demonstration projects.
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How to keep African sulcatas is a relatively affordable pet; hence its wide popularity. The upside of getting an African sulcatas is that it can easily be obtained for as low as $20 in a pet store. If you choose to acquire it from legit reptile breeders, you can expect a price ranging from $50 to $80 depending on the breeder as well as the age of the African sulcatas.
Do You Have the Space?
One of the first things, you should consider the availability of space in your home as these tortoises can grow to be quite big as it matures. If you want to buy it for a more affordable price, you may opt to search online if there’s any African sulcatas in your area being given up for adoption.
Consider Adopting One
There are also non – profit and rescue organizations you should visit because rescuing one can be really beneficial to the environment and you can acquire them for a relatively cheaper price or even for free.
At the onset, it could cost you about $125 or more for its housing needs – that usually includes a 10 – 20 gallon tank or a DIY tortoise table complete with other caging materials for decorations and water bowl. The heaters, UVB lights, basking platforms, hideouts, substrate and other additional fixtures needed could cost more or less $300.
You’ll probably spend around $40 per week for 30 pounds of vegetables and fruit unless of course you choose to just feed them with grass or weeds found in your backyard. They can live with that but as a keeper, it’s probably best to provide them with food that has the right nutrients so that they can grow healthily.
Don’t forget to factor in the expense for cage maintenance to remove dirt and bacteria especially in their water bowls. Tortoises pretty much poop a lot (that’s basically because they are herbivores – they tend to digest and defecate food easily) which means that their tank or enclosure should ideally be cleaned at least every other day to avoid the incidence of parasites, infections and shell rot.
You will also want to factor in the yearly electricity costs of keeping a terrarium clean, tempered, lit and conditioned to the needs of the sulcata tortoise.
You also need to buy a laying bin if in case you’d be breeding your sulcata tortoises. You can either buy some kind of reptile container or a standard laying bin in pet stores. The breeding cost will vary depending on the quality, so you should budget about $50 or more for these extra costs.
Get a Pet Insurance
Sulcata tortoises will need minimal medical attention but it is strongly suggested that you take your baby sulcatas to the vet after acquiring them to make sure that they are healthy before bringing them home and mixing them with your other tortoise or turtle species.
You’ll pretty much need to bring your tortoise to the vet for a quick check up if you choose to breed them as well. But generally speaking, you won’t have to worry about huge medical costs or even a pet insurance for these animals – remember, they live very long and healthy lives, there’s an even bigger chance of you acquiring an illness than them.
Tortoises must be treated in a way that an expensive pure bred puppy would be treated not because they are hard to maintain but because they can still make quite a dent to your bank account, nevertheless they are fun and adorable lifelong friends which makes them worth your time and money.
Smuggling African Sulcatas
Smuggling of these tortoises particularly in African countries like Ghana, Senegal, Togo and Mali are evident because enforcement is insufficient which is why wildlife advocates are aiming to address this problem. The good thing is that these African sulcata tortoises thrives in captivity and breeds easily in countries like United States and Japan making it enough to supply the demand for these pets.
In Senegal, these tortoises are more than just pets, they are symbols of longevity, happiness and fertility which is why conservation activities are much easier to promote and maintain compared to other African regions.
In fact, in 1993, a European foundation called Fondation Rurale pour le Developpement in partnership with Station d’Observation et de Protection des Tortues des Maures established a program to educate the people of Senegal on how to protect illegal smuggling of pet tortoises.
They’ve also established an information, breeding and protection center and even initiated some conservation projects to further protect these species, which is why despite of the continuous desertification threat in the country, there are still a lot of people who are willing to preserve these wildlife gems.
A Growing Concern
In other African countries (such as Ethiopia, Nigeria, Mali and Chad) where sulcata tortoises are native and previously abundant are increasingly declining in terms of population because of natural habitat loss due to domestic livestock and continuous urbanization.
Aside from that, African nomads and ethnic groups that are residing in the Sahara desert also contribute to this decrease in population because they are eating these creatures and some groups even use the tortoise’s body parts. In Japan, African sulcatas are reportedly being used to create longevity potions.
It will take about 15 years before African spurred thigh tortoise reaches full maturity in the wild, which is why juvenile sulcatas are the ones targeted for illegal trades. This raises a huge concern among wildlife experts and legit breeders in its native African origins because these creatures could face the possibility of extinction.
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"The patience of society will last for two months", said the head of the sociological research organization, Levada Center, and predicted protests due to falling living standards
By mid-summer, Russians may stage mass protests due to falling living standards, according to Lev Gudkov, head of the Levada Center.
"I think that the society will have enough patience for another two months. That's for sure. But after two months people will begin to realize that the limit has been reached. Russian patience is a very important factor," Open Media quoted Gudkov as saying.
According to the sociologist, Russians can start protesting against quarantine measures, demand financial support from the government and greater economic stability in general.
"In the absence of national protest leaders and network organizations nationwide, tensions will begin to increase, but will not find a way out. Of course, to some extent," Gudkov said.
He recalled that the dissatisfaction with quarantine measures gradually increases, as people lose their jobs or face a reduction in wages, while up to 70% of the population do not have savings at all in case of crisis.
"In a month and a half, we can see specific forms of protest, people will exit to the streets or other extremes associated with forced self-isolation," the sociologist believes.
Almost half - 48% - of Russians considered the anti-pandemic measures introduced by the authorities to be inadequate, the Levada Center poll showed. "The president persuades the population to stay at home, walks away from direct responsibility and says nothing significant," Gudkov explained.
In early April, a Levada poll showed a record drop in the president's approval rating to 59%. He has never reached such a level during Putin's presidency. "Why the "rating" is decreasing is more or less clear: the incomes of the population are falling, uncertainty is growing, there are no prospects, especially for those who do not work in state-owned enterprises, those employed outside the budgetary sphere," Gudkov said, commenting on this poll result.
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Normally, when we spot an app costing 59p and called something like ‘Poo Factory’, we run a mile. Hundreds of fart apps means we’re done with the App Store juvenalia, thanks. But thankfully, we checked this one out, and it’s… well, it’s not s**t.
Poo Factory is an iPad app filed in the Education section of the App Store, hinting that it’s not a silly novelty. Instead, it’s a game that – in the blurb’s words – “introduces you the whole process how the poo of human beings is produced”.
How? With cartoons and images that show the formation of your faeces, teaching you about the path from mouth to loo, taking in stomach and intestines along the way. The game’s Factory Mode lets you simulate the process, getting a score according to how healthy (or not) you are.
Meanwhile, the ‘poofile mode’ – we’re not making this up – involves recording the shape and colour of your virtual poos, while tapping into the OpenFeint community to rate them against the rest of the world.
Many people prefer not to think too much about their digestive process, but if you’re less squeamish, Poo Factory might be a valuable educational experience. Or at least, one that teaches you why seven pints of lager and a scarlet-coloured curry are a recipe for bottom disaster the next day…
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This image shows the Methodist Chapel on the High Street in Wroot, taken in December 1986. It was built in 1870. There was originally a Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist Chapel in Wroot however the Primitive Chapel on Woodside Lane has since closed and is now a residential property. Alongside these there is an Anglican parish church dedicated to St. Pancras. This was originally a wooden building but was burned down in 1348 along with the village due to the Bubonic plague. The church was rebuilt on the same site afterwards. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism was curate at this church in Wroot for two years in 1728. A stone has been erected in the village to commemorate this.
Image courtesy of North Lincolnshire Museum Image Archive
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Mexico is one of the most important oil producing countries in the world. The country is also a major exporter of oil to the United States.
The Mexican government has been working on improving oil leak detection Mexico systems and it has been making significant progress as well. In fact, it has been able to detect any leaks within 24 hours with the help of these improved systems.
The oil leak detection Mexico is a significant issue. It is not an easy task to find the leaks. The oil leaks are very hard to detect because they are under the ground and they can be hidden by vegetation.
Oil leak detection in Mexico is a process that uses various methods, technologies, and instruments to find the leaks. Oil leak detection in Mexico is a process that uses various methods, technologies, and instruments to find the leaks.
A leak is the unintentional release of a liquid (oil, gas, water etc.) from a container. Leaks can be caused by human error or equipment failure and they can cause environmental pollution, harm wildlife and affect the economy.
Early oil spill detection in Mexico has been used to find leaks in pipelines that could cause environmental damage. This is important because it will help prevent spills from happening and protect the environment.
Oil leaks are not just a nuisance, they can have a huge environmental impact.
Oil leak detection mexico can be caused by natural disasters, human error or equipment failure.
For example, in Mexico, an oil leak detection mexico system was installed to monitor oil pipelines and prevent large-scale spills that could harm the environment.
The importance of leak detection is not limited to just oil pipelines. It also has many applications in other industries such as the food industry and even hospitals.
Leaks are a major problem for oil spill detection in mexico companies. They can not only cause environmental damage, but also lead to economic losses. This is why it is important to detect and stop leaks as soon as possible.
A leak is the uncontrolled release of liquid or gas from a pipe, container, or other vessel or system that carries it. Leaks are usually termed “spills” when in reference to the release of a substance to the environment (e.g., oil spills).
Oil monitoring in mexico is a monitoring system that is used to detect the presence of oil in water. The system can detect oil leak detection mexico at concentrations as low as 0.5 parts per million and can be installed onshore or offshore.
The oil monitoring mexico systems detects the presence of oil by using an electrochemical sensor that reacts to hydrocarbons in the water, which are released by a leak or spill, and sends an alarm signal when triggered.
Oil monitoring systems are used to monitor offshore installations such as platforms and production wells, onshore installations such as pipelines and refineries, and inland waterways including rivers, lakes, estuaries and ports.
Oil Monitoring in mexico is a process that helps to detect and prevent oil leaks. This process is carried out with the help of sensors, which are installed on oil pipelines. These sensors detect any kind of leakages within the pipeline and send information about it to an integrated control system. Oil Monitoring mexico is done for the safety of people and environment as well as for the sustainability of oil leak detection mexico reserves.
The oil monitoring process consists of three stages: detection, analysis, and notification. Detection stage includes sensing any leakage from pipes through sensors installed on them; analysis stage checks data from sensors with data from other sources such as weather conditions or changes in pressure to confirm whether there was a leak; notification stage alerts authorities if there was a leak detected.
Mexico is the world’s fourth-largest oil producer, but it imports more than half of its oil. In recent years, Mexico has been rocked by a series of major spills, including a 2017 leak that dumped more than three million gallons into the Gulf of Mexico.
However, despite the country’s reliance on imported fuel and its vulnerability to spills, there are still no independent oil leak detection mexico systems in place.
The article talks about how Mexico is vulnerable to oil leaks because they import most of their fuel and also because they have no independent detection system in place.
Oil leaks can be very dangerous because they can cause environmental disasters. They are also expensive to clean up and repair. This is why oil leak detection is so important.
There are many ways to detect an oil leak, but the most common method is to check the ground for black spots or oil sheens on the surface of water. If there are no signs of an oil leak, then it may just be a false alarm from a sensor or a faulty indicator light.
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Of all the learnings from the pandemic, the realisation that digital transformation is no longer a choice is perhaps one of the largest – and global trade is no exception to this.
Recent challenges across the industry, such as the Suez Canal crisis and disruption to the supply chain at the height of the pandemic, have made the case for change stronger than ever.
There’s an obvious need for universally adopted, digital platforms and standards in trade.
Among the new technologies fit to deliver, blockchain could be the most effective platform because of its ability to drive collaboration on common, decentralised networks.
Sizing up the challenge
Trade finance is one of the most critical processes underpinning global trade, but today’s processes are anything but digital.
Take Letters of Credit (LCs) for example, a key trade finance instrument that provides risk mitigation and finance to traders around the world.
A bank, at the request of their customer, will promise to pay a supplier on the presentation of evidence that they shipped goods the buyer purchased.
This evidence, by a large margin, remains paper-based and stuffed into courier bags. Invoices, packing lists, insurance documents, and many others are printed, signed, stamped, and hand couriered to the bank that issued the credit.
They are checked, double-checked, and determined to be compliant or have discrepancies. This whole process takes at least a week, and even more importantly requires paper to be printed in offices and staff to be present to send and receive them.
Technology to help digitise these processes has only succeeded at a very small scale to date, and the reason is there is no standard connectivity between banks and corporates for trade finance-related communication and data sharing.
As a result, information sharing is ineffective, often resulting in paper documents being hand couriered to each party as the only common way of trusted communication, and in some cases, asset transfer through original documents of title (i.e. ownership over the goods onboard a shipping vessel).
The multiple parties involved – importers, exporters, banks, shippers, insurers, and so on – all need to be on a common network so that data flow between each party can take place quickly and seamlessly.
This is where blockchain is most effective as it allows every participant to collaborate on a common network – synchronising data across all transactions, giving buyers and sellers instant access and real-time visibility of their transactions.
A technology fit for purpose
While other emerging technologies in use across trade finance, such as machine learning and natural language processing, can drive benefits for specific processes, they are only useful if they can be delivered to banks and corporate participants across the world.
This requires infrastructure in the form of a common network, or else these benefits will only ever reach a small handful of users. This is what decentralised technologies like blockchain are creating – collaborative, common, and trusted networks where new applications and ideas can thrive on a global scale.
Some 80 to 90% of global trade relies on trade finance. With so much data flowing through the industry, privacy and autonomy must be at the heart of any digital network.
Blockchain not only enables collaboration, but gives each participant privacy and control over their own data, allowing them to choose how and when they plan to share it with other trading partners with a clear and auditable data trail – without sharing any data to unrelated parties in the network.
There are many benefits to corporates and banks – the end-to-end processing time is significantly faster, enabling businesses to boost operational efficiency and free up their cash flow, while banks will reap the benefits of paperless trade finance while improving their operational and credit risk management.
Fostering financial inclusion
The case for digitising trade finance goes far beyond the obvious benefits of increased efficiency and lower costs. With businesses recognising the importance of pursuing Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria, they need tangible ways to incorporate sustainability into their growth strategy.
The current trade finance gap, or the amount of requested trade finance that is rejected, is estimated at $1.5 trillion globally. Half of this is in developing countries in Asia and Africa, with small and medium-sized enterprises suffering the most.
If international trade was underpinned by a common decentralised network, then smaller businesses and emerging economies would have greater access to trade finance.
Committing to opening up access to working capital for all is a practical way to commit to sustainable finance.
The impetus presented by the pandemic to digitise must not be missed, and trade finance is changing for good. For this change to be effective, the various parties in trade finance must embark on change collectively, and blockchain is the obvious choice to deliver.
This article first appeared in Fintech Futures.
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Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF)
- DWSRF Rules (PDF)
- DWSRF Project Guide (PDF)
- SRF Project Information by Year
- Forms and Other Documents
About the DWSRF
The 1996 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) included allocations for the DWSRF. The DWSRF program is a State operated program to provide loans and other financial assistance for public drinking water improvement projects. The SDWA requires that states provide 20 percent matching funds to federal dollars, in order to capitalize the DWSRF program. Therefore, every one dollar invested by the State of Maine secures five federal dollars.
The DWSRF provides funding to public water systems throughout Maine to improve or replace water system pipes, treatment plants, storage tanks and sources of water to ensure safe drinking water and provide essential public health protection. Funding for drinking water infrastructure improvement projects are available as low interest loans. Disadvantaged Community Water Systems may receive further assistance through principal forgiveness.
The Maine Department of Health and Human Services and the Maine Municipal Bond Bank (MMBB) administer the DWSRF together. The Drinking Water Program is the Lead Administrator and is responsible for project management and technical support, as well as overseeing activities. The MMBB is the Financial Administrator and oversees the loan application process and tracks money to and from the fund.
A portion of the federal grant is set aside each year from the revolving project loan fund and used for non-project activities. Those activities include source water protection programs, technical assistance to small systems, a revolving loan fund for land acquisitions, system planning grants and wellhead protection grants./p>
The 2022 DWSRF will distribute funds from several Federal Grants which will be added to the Base DWSRF Capitalization Grant. The Maine DWSRF 2022 Draft Primary and Backup Lists are funded by the following sources:
|2022 DWSRF Capitalization Grant (estimate)||$7,100,000|
|2022 DWSRF Supplemental Capitalization Grant
added by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL)
|2022 DWSRF State Match (estimate)||$3,215,500|
|American Recovery Plan Act (ARPA) funds||$8,000,000|
|DWSRF Loan Repayment Funds||$20,503,000|
|2022 DWSRF Emerging Contaminant (EC) Capitalization
Grant added by BIL
The Maine Drinking Water Program has an approved method for equitably distributing these funds. Our process includes the determination of the distribution of subsidies (grants). We are using the following process:
- Receive and Rank Applications
- Determine which projects serve “Disadvantaged Communities”
- Determine target amounts of subsidies to be distributed.
1. Base Capitalization Grant 30% Approximately 2. Supplemental Capitalization Grant 49% Exactly 3. ARPA 100% Exactly 4. EC Capitalization Grant 100% Exactly (25% to populations < 25,000)
- Distribute Capitalization Grant Subsidies to PWS Projects including Disadvantaged Communities using the multi-tiered criteria based on Median Household Income (MHI) & annual water bill as a percentage of MHI.
Projects on the Backup List to progress design and other preconstruction tasks 0-6% PWS which serve Non Disadvantaged Communities 10% MHI < $58,924 or Ave. Annual Water Bill/MHI =/> 0.8% 20% MHI < $58,924 + Average Annual Water Bill / MHI > 0.8, < 1.3 30% MHI < $58,924 + Average Annual Water Bill / MHI > 1.3, < 2.0 45% MHI < $58,924 + Average Annual Water Bill / MHI > 2.0 60%
2011 Drinking Water Construction Project Report with funding from the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (pdf)
2010 Drinking Water Construction Project Report with funding from the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. (pdf)
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A participle clause contains a present or past participle, often forming a clause similar to a dependent clause, which depends on and modifies a main clause. In academic writing, such a clause can be more complex, having objects, prepositional phrases, and other phrases and words withing in.
Adverbial participle clauses can background secondary information, impart greater stylistic proficiency and sophistication, create better flow, and reduce the use of coordination conjunctions (like and, so) and simple clauses. These can precede or follow the the main clause, and are always offset with commas.
- Investigating the previous research carefully, they could have a better understanding of the underlying assumption of the theory.
- The high cost of the new therapy for lung cancer has caused an economic burden to patients, eliminating their opportunity to receive treatment.
Sentence (b) could be rephrased with a coordinate (main) clause (c), or a relative clause (d), but here the participle clause in version (b) flows better.
- The high cost of the new therapy for lung cancer has caused an economic burden to patients and eliminated their opportunity to receive treatment.
- The high cost of the new therapy for lung cancer has caused an economic burden to patients, which eliminated their opportunity to receive treatment.
The verb in the participle phrase has an unexpressed subject, which should correspond to the subject of the main clause, as in (e). If there is a significant mismatch (f), then the sentence fails to make sense or sounds awkward. This is often called a dangling modifier (the asterisk denotes an awkward or incorrect expression).
- The researchers delved back through the original literature describing the 29 sites, checking the accuracy of claims for the locations being 12,800 years old.
- *Doing the same experiments several times, the findings were finally confirmed. (Did the findings do the experiments?)
Classic examples of the dangling modifier are as follows.
- Entering the room, the vase broke.
- With her giant nose pointing down the runway, my aunt boarded the plane.
1 In scientific and academic papers
First, the dangling modifier rule is less strict in academic writing in one situation, and that is when the unexpressed participle subject is discourse referential, that is, the entire preceding idea or clause is what is referred to, rather than a single noun. This is similar to the discourse reference use of this in (a), for example, this refers not to a specific noun in the previous clause, but an entire idea and the content of the entire clause, as shown by its paraphrase in (b). Thus, this could be rewritten as a participle phrase as in (c), and(d) shows another example.
- Global patterns were reset, and the treated cells were endowed with a capacity to differentiate into a number of different lineages that remained capable of inducing tumors in vivo. This suggests a dominance of oncogenic alterations over a nonmalignant epigenetic state.
- … This result/finding/outcome suggests a dominance of oncogenic alterations over a nonmalignant epigenetic state.
- Global patterns were reset, and the treated cells were endowed with a capacity to differentiate into a number of different lineages that remained capable of inducing tumors in vivo, suggesting a dominance of oncogenic alterations over a nonmalignant epigenetic state. (Cell Vol. 157, Issue 3, p. 526, April 2014)
- In the former case, the protein was found to bind selectively to immunoglobul in heavy chains prior to their association with light chains, indicating once again a protein-protein interaction, here potentially facilitating oligomeric assembly. (Cell Vol. 157, Issue 2, p. 286, April 2014)
Often in academic writing, the main clause states the main result or outcome, while a participle clause provides interpretation or implications, as in (e-f), with verbs like suggesting, showing, indicating. An initial participle clause can explain causes or conditions of an event, as in (g). The participles based on, compared to can be used for explanations and comparisons (h). Other participles with active and passive verbs provide secondary information (i-j), results (k).
- Interestingly, disturbances in the signal patterns did not compromise intelligibility of the recording, suggesting that the listeners were not sensitive to this frequency range.
- For these reasons, mass production of this waveform, showing slow fast response times and a narrower viewing angle than twisted nematic mode, has been limited.
- Using our assumption for X, Y is increased by ~ 3 nm per 1-nm increment.
- Based on our program, we analyzed the transmittance of a gold layer, 20 nm thick, and the phase difference between waves before and after passing through the layer.
- Figure 2 shows X as a function of Y over a total of 13 samples with different properties, as well as over sample Z, measured at 523 K and 5.2 mm.
- Then a condensation phenomenon, combined with a loss of two hydroxyl ions and one water molecule, lead to the transformation of the compound into CuO at room temperature.
- At high frequencies, interface trapping does not respond to small signal oscillation speed, resulting in less stretching out of the CV.
Some of the most common verbs in participle clauses in science and social science writing are:
base, based on
compared to / with
lead, lead to
refer to, referred
show, shown, not shown
- These examples and descriptions are adapted from the following:Cho, D. W., & Park, J. (2015). Supplementive participle clauses in science journal papers written for publication by Korean graduate students: A corpus-based study for pedagogical purposes. Journal of Asia TEFL, 12(4), 1-36. dx.doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2015.12.4.1.1
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Football means different things to different people. Is it simply a game you enjoy playing with your friends and family? Are your fall and winter Sundays filled with games on television or in person? Are you a school football player who wants to go pro? It doesn’t matter where you play, just that you work to get better, so keep reading.
Pay attention to what the players on the team have to say. Even if you have a disagreement, at the end of the day they are your teammates and they want to win just as badly as you do. They may have insight that can help you assist your team in reaching their goals.
Don’t play football unless you have on your protective equipment. Football is a very physical sport with collisions. Avoid playing if you don’t have it. Unprotected players can be seriously injured. These are things that could make it so that you never play again.
Work on kicking abilities regularly. Kicking may not be the main skill in football, but it’s still important. Kicking is an important skill. Kickers need to practice increasing the amount of time the ball is in the air, accuracy and strength.
Do drills that improve your agility. Agility is one of the most important skills for any football player. Agility is crucial for bypassing tackles and catching like a pro. Find ways to increase lateral quickness, such as tire running, jump-roping and shuffle drills.
Agility is king when it comes to playing football. Some great agility-boosting exercises are jumping rope, running through tires, and jumping over some cones. Football requires quick reflexes and quick thinking. These exercises combine speed, coordination, and quick thinking. The more you do these training exercise, the more your agility will increase.
Use dance to help you train to play football. Although it may seem to be a completely different art form at first glance, it can really help with your footwork. Smooth footwork will pay great dividends during games.
Your own personal work ethic is a factor in the amount of time you get on the field. Even though natural talent helps, work ethic is more important to be a true success. All coaches want players who are going to do their best, work hard, and continue to learn as they play.
Keep teamwork in mind. It can be easy to forget about the rest of your team if you have your sights set on the NFL. A win is dependent on the whole team, not just you. Once you realize that you work better as a cohesive unit, your team will be better for it.
Warm up right before you practice, play or exercise. Injuring yourself will only leave you out of the game. Exercise to build a strong body with the muscle to help your game, and always stretch before playing.
When making a decision about joining a football team, keep your own skill level in mind. If you apply too high, you won’t make the team. Conversely, if you play at a lower level, you won’t be able to improve your game.
Take videos of yourself playing football if you wish to play in college. Add as many highlights as possible, including examples of your agility, speed, strength, accuracy and dexterity. To become a good all around player, you will need to have skills in many different areas.
Remember the importance of mental training. Meditate on your playing and see yourself playing a good game. Studies show that practicing in your mind provides a great deal of improvement to your game play. Try to see yourself making great tackles or catches, and those visions will soon become reality.
Mental agility is required for football greatness, not just physical skill. Learn the game of football from the inside out. Watch old games and learn from the pros. A great football player can quickly make changes to the plays and anticipate their opponent’s actions.
Your personal skills are what will allow you to play better than both opponents and those competing for playing time, so make sure you are always working to improve them. Your team and opponents might have the skills, and you need them to remain competitive.
Vertical leaping is something you should work on. Improving your vertical leap ability can make you a better football player. When the football is out of your reach, you need to leap to catch it. You might even need it to jump over your opponents to score a winning touchdown. No matter what the case is, the better your leaping skills, the better the odds that you will make the play.
When you tackle an opposing player, keep your head upright. It’s never a good idea to use your helmet directly as part of the tackle. This is called spearing. It is illegal and can cause severe injury.
Condition your body to the exact position you play. You will want to base your conditioning exercises on the position you play. For all positions, stamina and vigor are crucial to the sport.
Study your playbook deeply. So many players want to be great at football, but realize that it isn’t just about one aspect that helps you to succeed. It is important to learn tactical strategies as well. Knowing the information in your playbook will make you a much better football player.
Whether you play for fun or dream of something bigger, football is a passion you have which shouldn’t be forgotten. Learning as much as you can will make you a better player. Keep practicing, use these tips and be the best player that you possibly can.
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There are important differences between washing hands with soap and water and cleaning them with hand sanitizer. For example, alcohol-based hand sanitizers don’t kill ALL types of germs, such as a stomach bug called norovirus, some parasites, and Clostridium difficile, which causes severe diarrhea. Hand sanitizers also may not remove harmful chemicals, such as pesticides and heavy metals like lead. Handwashing reduces the amounts of all types of germs, pesticides, and metals on hands. Knowing when to clean your hands and which method to use will give you the best chance of preventing sickness.
Please click the button(s) below to download the resource(s)Glossary
About this resource
Learning Resource Type
CC 0 / public domain
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Many of us face a new reality of being a mash-up of homeschooler, working from home professional, and most importantly, a loving parent. So we’ve put together some pretty neat tips to help adopt more peacefulness, positivity, and productivity at home:
Sleeping well with some of the best plants for bedrooms
Gorgeous soporific bedroom plants for a quick home makeover?
Jasmine, lavender and gardenia exude relaxing fragrances that help calm nerves and encourage sleep. Golden Pothos and Peace Lily purify the air and grow well in low-light whilst cleansing your sinuses.
Starting your day the calm way
Diving into a busy homeschooling and working day — without relaxing your mindset and releasing any tension built up overnight — is all too common and completely understandable. Here are simple but effective morning relaxation techniques to try:
10 mins: When seated, take long, deep nostril breaths whilst focusing on relaxing your heart-space, back of the neck and hands. Allowing tension and any negative thoughts about the day ahead to flutter away like leaves in the wind.
15 mins: Drop into the “flow state” with Vipassana meditation. Lie down whilst mentally scanning and actively relaxing body parts individually, from the crown of your head to the tips of your toes.
A decluttered house = a decluttered mind
Piles of Tupperware and toys in nearly every corner; most parents face clutter on a daily basis. Start by tidying ten minutes a day, one task at a time. Donate clothes, toys, and organise galore. Trust countless tidy home advocates and us when we say organising just one drawer can leave you feeling elated!
Designating working and educational space
Gaining more concentration whilst working from home can come down to how comfortable you feel, rather than the area you’re working in. An ergonomic chair, desk tidy, and supportive mouse can make all the (productive) difference!
Designating a homeschooling space likewise allows your children to concentrate on their education comfortably. Why not redesign your outhouse or conservatory? Keep stationery, iPads etc closeby and plan your days out to save time and stay organised.
Creating homeschooling goals
How will children partake in physical activity? Which subjects need more attention? Developing homeschooling goals will help you determine what’s important to your family education-wise, keeping everyone peacefully on the same page.
Going on a virtual vacation
Taking a free family vacation without leaving your sofa… it’s possible! Flick on YouTube and explore vibrant dishes from around the world with Mark Weins or hop on board with the wanderlust-fueled Vagabrothers.
Staying active with family workouts
Instead of finding time away from kids to exercise, why not rope them in on the fun? Try Zumba for a dancing cardio workout. Limited space? Pilates is a must-try. It’s fantastic at building core strength, and you may end up doing a headstand sooner than you think!
If you’re contemplating moving house during lockdown either from or to East London and would benefit from priceless advice and guidance, contact our estate agents in Ilford on 020 8597 2626. We’re here to provide a helping hand.
Let’s stay connected:
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News published by Reuter stated that four democracy advocates who were helping to carry out an act of terror were executed by Myanmar’s military rulers. Amidst the outcry following the sentence to death in January, the Southeast Asian nation’s first executions in decades still went ahead.
The men were sentenced for helping a resistance movement fight the ruling military power that seized power in a bloody coup that led to a crackdown against opponents.
Based on a report by the Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper, amongst the people executed were democracy campaigner Kyaw Min Yu, better known as Jimmy, and former lawmaker and hip-hop artist Phyo Zeya Thaw. They both lost their appeal against the sentencing in June and were finally executed alongside Hla Myo Aung and Aung Thura Zaw.
In a statement, Erwin Van Der Borght, regional director of rights group Amnesty International attributed their executions to ”arbitrary deprivation of lives” and an ”example of Myanmar’s ”atrocious human rights record.”
He also said; “The four men were convicted by a military court in highly secretive and deeply unfair trials.”
Thazin Nyunt Aung, the wife of Phyo Zeyar Thaw, said to Reuter that the prison officials had not let the families retrieve the bodies.
Khin Win Tint, the mother of Phyo Zeyar Thaw, told BBC Burmese:
“I asked (prison officials) why didn’t you tell me or my son that it was our last meeting… I feel sad about it.”
The report also stated that the execution was reported by the Son Monday and junta spokesman Zaw Min Tun later confirmed it to the Voice of Myanmar without giving any details.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://lifeissuesblog.com/2022/07/25/4-democracy-activist-executed-by-myanmar-military-ruler/
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The Sources de la Vingeanne and the Combe Royer gorges form an exceptional setback on the edge of the Langres plateau. Crossing these two valleys, the Vingeanne discovery circuit invites you to discover a preserved site, rich in history, which is rooted in the Middle Ages, when Servin still had a fortified castle. Here, everything is a pretext to linger: the remains of washhouses, the flora of the marshes, the flight of a butterfly... and the memory of Jeanne who still haunts the valleys.
Along the path, you will find milestones. Each one refers to one of the pages of the discovery booklet, offering to discover some of the secrets of the place. It takes a little less than two hours to walk the entire trail, with good shoes, a little water and possibly a picnic.
The trail is forbidden to motorized vehicles. Please keep dogs on a leash, do not leave litter, do not pick plants and respect the peace and quiet of the area.
Hiking available on the free IDVizit application!
A real personal travel companion, IDVizit offers you personalised, fun and interactive tours!
For more information on the application, the tours and the sites to visit, >> Click here!
To download the application... >> Click here!
- To discover
Altitude minimum : 393 m
Altitude maximum : 469 m
Altitude moyenne : 440 m
Denivelé positif cumulé : 101 m
Denivelé négatif cumulé : 101 m
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To do some testing on a Stepper Motor evaluation kit from Trinamic, I’ve been building a test rig. The idea is that the motor will drive a slider and I’ll check the position of that to determine the repeatability of the motion. The motor also has an optical sensor so it will be possible to tell if it is skipping steps.
The base of the test rig is a long aluminium beam I salvaged when the office did a refurb. I remember taking that home on the London underground. It was standing up and I was holding it. An old man got on and thought it was a hand hold so also took hold of it. He got a bit of a shock when I wobbled it.
I made some T-Nuts from some captive nuts that are designed to be pressed into wood. I filed off the spikes and filed them to size so they would slide down the slots in the track.
Those nuts attach the brackets for mounting the motor and a pillow block bearing. I used the drill press to press a short length of steel bar into the bearing.
The cord to drive the slider will be wrapped around a drum. As the stepper has a flat on one side, I designed the drum with a slot. A small section of steel is pushed into this to lock the spindle to the drum.
Whilst I’m waiting on my cord to be delivered, the next job is a simple slider / pointer.
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In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making.
Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation.
By Day 3 of Week 9
Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples.
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Dr. Wendy Wyatt, Communication and Journalism Department, will speak on “Blame Narratives and the News: An Ethical Analysis” on Thursday, April 14. The event will be held from 3:30 to 5 p.m. in Room 126, John R. Roach Center for the Liberal Arts.
Are people living in a culture of blame? Some writers at The Economist magazine think so. In fact a 2008 column went so far as to claim that Western cultures have become “dominated and warped by blame.” When it came to assigning responsibility, The Economist called out the news media directly for its role in fueling the fires.
As a media ethicist interested in issues of journalism and society, this column did more than catch Wyatt’s attention; it triggered a project. During this talk, she will consider the role that blame ought to play in society. She will interrogate the claim that journalism is helping create a culture of blame and offer recommendations for how the news media can convey blame in more ethically justifiable ways.
Free and open to the public, this event is sponsored by the American Culture and Difference Program, College of Arts and Sciences.
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Eunice Dana Brannan, 1854 – 1936
On November 10, 1917, forty women representing the National Woman’s Party picketed the White House gates, protesting their lack of the right to vote. Although their actions were peaceful and legal, they were arrested, and four days later taken to a rough workhouse, Occoquan Prison, in Virginia, where they were physically abused, denied basic supplies and food, and threatened with even greater harm. Eunice Dana Brannan was one of the forty. Later she recalled: “We were absolutely in the power of a gang of prison thugs. Women were hurled down steps and into cells with narrow beds and dirty blankets…The scene that took place in the reception room of the workhouse was of incredibly infamous cruelty. Nothing that we know…could exceed the brutality that was used towards us.” Eunice was kept at Occoquan for a week before being released.
That fateful November night spent in a dirty prison cell, later known as the “Night of Terror,” must have seemed far away from her usual life of privilege. She was born August 24, 1854 in Connecticut to the wealthy family of Charles Dana, who would later become the editor of the New York Sun newspaper. Charles Dana and his wife Eunice MacDaniel later moved to an estate in Glen Cove, New York, “The Wings,” which was a favorite vacation spot for suffrage leaders Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.
Eunice married John Winters Brannan, President of Bellevue and Allied Hospitals. Around 1910 she joined the Women’s Political Union as Chair of the Finance Committee, and worked with Harriot Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She later joined the Congressional Union with Alice Paul, where she was elected to the Executive Committee at the CU’s first national convention, and was a prodigious fundraiser.
Eunice had picketed and been imprisoned before that November night, and had refused then to back down and plead guilty. “We will not sit in silence,” she declared, “while the President (Wilson) presents himself to the people of Europe as the representative of a free people when the American people are not free, and he is chiefly responsible for it.”
Her nights in Occoquan only solidified her resolve to work even harder for suffrage. After their release she and other former prisoners donned replicas of their prison uniforms and met with the press to publicize their mistreatment. After suffrage was won she continued to work on women’s issues, “keeping the flag of freedom high.” She died in 1936.
Her belief in the right to publicly demonstrate one’s beliefs resonates to this day: “We have been told it is unpatriotic to criticize public action…We have forgotten the history of our country if we have forgotten how to object, how to resist, how to agitate when it is necessary to readjust matters.”
Happy Birthday, Eunice Dana Brannan!
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Apogee Press ($12.95)
by Laynie Browne
If (woman) is a whole, it's a whole composed of parts that are wholes, not simple partial objects but a moving, limitlessly changing ensemble…an immense astral space not organized around any one sun that's anymore of a star than others.
—Helene Cixous, The Laugh of Medusa
Kathleen Fraser's recent collection, Discrete Categories Forced into Coupling, is divided into six sections and includes verse, prose, and a brief play. Throughout this carefully structured book is a unifying project in which all of the forms employed are versions of the same intelligence attempting to cross discrete categories. Or, as implied by the title, to couple. Diaristic details convey sense of place, relationship, and artistic endeavor with an emphasis upon visual art and images. Yet the intimate tone suggested as speakers proceed at various speeds through modern life (to brood, to rush) is fused with what lies behind or between utterances, what remains implicit within speech. Each act, whether mundane or transcendent, is infused with (rather than determined by) the racing and stalling of the mind, the chatter or clutter in a room. In other words, the moment is entered without a sense of limitation. In this way, Fraser creates an expansiveness at times seemingly without moving at all, and often in the midst of mental or physical flight.
In the opening poem, “Champs (fields) & between,” one is immediately launched into movement with various relations to time, and yet awake to these doings in a manner which elevates scurrying. “The air came down like rice. It scattered through unevenness and uneventfulness,” writes Fraser; as if time were matter which could fall and surround us tangibly, this work is “attainable in the private ear.” Fraser depicts a world which is bigger than, but does not exclude the personal. This text has a musing quality, at times philosophic, but there is no narrowing of the lens in order to achieve this effect. Details which are, in Cixous's words, “parts that are wholes” scatter meaningfully through Fraser's text as easily and plausibly as air becomes rice. The machinery of life is not neglected, nor is it glorified, nor does it take over to become the work. Instead there is a unity in the way daily life is woven into circumstances such as “One felt a lift of hope beyond the opposite building's surface attached to a resin of deep amber…” No hierarchy of being is suggested.
The longest and perhaps most impressive accomplishment in this book is a prose piece titled “Soft Pages,” which begins with a photograph of a foot, and moves cinematically through one interior the poet inhabits to include writing implements, the “receptivity of cheap paper to soft lead,” and intimate attire, tossed upon a radiator to dry. Fraser does not separate the thinking mind from material surrounding. Fraser is cognizant of, and adept at rendering, the foot which appears again and again as motion in a blur. Is one walking towards or away from the listener? Mind mimics this confusion which cannot be concealed by the body's longing to place itself in one place while existing in many locations simultaneously. “What shoes was she wearing, walking up and down hills…Her feet inside and outside of her grandmother's feet, the unbreathing ligaments of even earlier feet in courtly brocade bindings.” The foot is: the foot in poetry, the foot to the visual artist who renders an image, the foot in a yoga class where the poet learns to interlace fingers and toes. The foot here is a means of locomotion and also a foundation.
The sense of trying to retrieve something in motion reaches an unexpected crescendo when a place for a sentence which Fraser describes as missing or unlocatable is marked upon the page in the form of an empty rectangular box. In hope, or in memoriam, this blankness gleams upon the page, or as Fraser writes, “a geometric memory bank, not so much to contain or trap the sentence, but to give it a place to rest.” This space for what is perhaps temporarily irretrievable is also a form of meditation which Fraser practices throughout her work within visual constructions on the page. In this instance, strikingly placed within prose, the box creates a location where the event of the sentence, or its lack, is remembered and therefore safely abandoned. In other words, a place has been accorded for what we cannot at once recall, reveal, or restate. A silence may mark the song one once sang. The transparent sleep of the unsaid is afforded a discernible space.
In the short play titled “Celeste & Sirius,” which falls next in the collection, Celeste says to Sirius, “Whenever I paint a picture, it's called at least six things before it's finished.” The finished piece represents the culmination of the many layers of process, the complexity of thought, of being or endeavor. Nothing here is one-dimensional. There is no scanned experience which lies flat and dictatorially along a surface (an admirable and consistent quality in Fraser's work). Within this brief play, two characters consider: “If you're talking about the purpose of a life, then probably we should put on our hats before continuing.” They discuss the necessity of the creative act without hesitation: “I need to stand in a room with a brush or pencil in my hand and feel the paint or the line coming out of me.” And also without pretension: “I think you're going down the wrong road—more like a few wrong roads.” Though the dialogue is abstract, the movement between humor and seriousness is fluid.
In “From Fiamma's Sketchbook” we find various settings where the everyday meets “the interior stress of a leaf.” Here “the dirty bathroom” or “eating your sandwich” become photographic frames within “a private pink human in a cosmic field.” “Sketchbook” is an apt title in that the brief pieces are renderings of contained scenes—somewhat visual but not at the expense of interior delving. The moment moves and is constricted by thought which pins something, at times uncomfortably, to the eye of the reader. A small detail which makes a distant scene easy suddenly enters, “Not wayward nor bottled, containing foam from any excess.”
The section titled “You can hear her breathing in the photograph” is a suite of five prose poems which at times illustrate how “a gesture intended as an opening can turn everything in another direction.” In “The cars” we find the reappearance of the image of the foot, carefully threading through “the four-lane parallel rush of metal” of a freeway, and in the section's title poem we are presented with the question: “What causes a person—say, in a family—to feel he or she is different from the other members…?” Elasticity is brought to light, regarding intimate relations. What compiles the person? “Is arrival focused by admirable intention or by an off-camera genetic predictor…?” Again we are brought back to the foot with the image of Daphne and Apollo, and we learn that this image is the one discussed earlier in “Soft pages.” The poet asks, “Why must the photograph of the two of them come out of its envelope every year and be pinned to the wallpaper?” It is Daphne's breathing we can hear in the photograph. Thus, the gesture that turns everything may be Bernini's chisel lodged in Apollo's foot, or it may be “laying two fingers across the inside skin of the wrist at various points.”
The collection concludes with the moving “AD Notebooks” written for “Willem de Kooning and Marjorie Fraser, stricken by Alzheimer's Disease [AD] in parallel time.” Here falling is a new mode of perception. A history of drawing is explored, the life of the image, the line. “I could draw a line with my crayon,” Fraser writes, “but the other lines are swallowing it.” An image is clearly delineated while simultaneously being effaced, “red passages in crystalline absence and array.” The poem creates absence as it proceeds. Dropping hesitantly, confidently, that which is given over to loss, cessation, as if by succumbing to the passage of time and illness, one were to create a portrait by various unconventional means including erasure, “oozing fresh pigment,” “plaques and tangles,” and “silence.” Fraser enters the phrase, the line, sitting with possibility, unafraid to linger within “Grains of going away,” leaning into each image or stroke, and “Frequently dragging dust into white.”
Rain Taxi Online Edition, Spring 2005 | © Rain Taxi, Inc. 2005
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Remember Mary Poppins’ sage advice? “A spoonful of sugar makes the medicine go down” and King Solomon’s wisdom: “A merry heart does good like medicine,” not to mention, “There is a time to laugh?”
Are you, like me, often so consumed with the execution of daily duties, you forget that life should have a bit of levity thrown in to keep us from taking ourselves too seriously? Think of how a silly movie can make you forget your pressures or how a joking friend can lighten your load if you enter into his humor and let yourself giggle.
Jesus said, “Unless you become as a little child…” and I note that most children have plenty of time for laughter, silliness, and are ready at any moment to bubble up with fun. When a mother recently wrote me to ask why her six-year-old only enjoyed reading “funny books,” I had to consider whether that is a problem. Perhaps that fun-loving boy is trying to tell his mother, so set on his loving to read, that if she could read him something funny, he might find the all-important book reading to be more palatable.
I grant that the library and bookstore shelves are well stocked, yes, even over-stocked, with ridiculous nonsense books that insult the intelligence of our children, but weighing our children down with only intense, serious, and purposeful reading is possibly not the only alternative. Children who need to gain confidence and competence in reading need to read—a lot, millions of words, but a steady diet of seriousness will make Jack (Or Jackie) a very dull boy (or girl).
May I suggest a series, because most children (and even some of their parents) love a series. The predictability of plot bothers young readers not at all, is comforting in fact, and a set of familiar characters who reappear in new settings and predicaments makes figuring out who everyone is an easier task. Though we may roll our eyes at the 34th paperback in the latest fad series, our children relish repetition.
Have you heard about Freddy? He’s a pig. A talking pig. Together with a menagerie of other farm animals, he solves crimes. Yes, and besides being a sleuth, he’s a newspaperman, and a poet, sometime banker and politician. The Freddy the Pig series by Walter Brooks is full of chuckles, giggles, and bursts of laughter as Freddy dashes from one tight spot to the next. The characters are true-to-life, yet far-fetched enough to keep the reader from getting too analytical. Begun in the 1920’s, the series remains popular and many titles have been reprinted through the decades. (Believe it or not, there’s even a fan club called the Friends of Freddy Society). Freddy is loyal, hardworking, creative, ingenious. And lovable.
I have read Freddy the Detective with my children, and recently, after a season of intense deadlines and pressures, picked up Freddy Goes Camping and found just the “spoonful of sugar” to lighten my mind. The books are full of worthwhile life lessons your children will absorb incidentally as they cackle their way through the ridiculous and heart-warming adventures of this endearing pig.
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The Folklore Museum of Vrakades, is located in the homonymous settlement of Vrakades that belongs to the area of Raches. It was built under the contribution of Ikarian scientists who live in Athens and it contains important artifacts of the local history and tradition.
Visitors will have the opportunity to get to know the island‘s history through old newspapers, books and records as well as documents from the revolution of the island. Important religious artifacts from the temple of Prophet Elias in Vrakades and the Monastery Evagelismou Theotokou of Mafrianos, are kept in the museum. Of special significance are the traditional utensils, old agricultural and beekeeping tools and small items used by the locals in passed centuries.
Telephone: +30 22750-31300 & 41381
- Adres: Vrakades Ikaria
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Ministry of Science and Technology supports four cities to build a new generation of artificial intelligent 爱上海贵族宝贝论坛 innovation development test area
my country’s new generation of artificial intelligent innovation development test district ushered in accelerating the expansion.
The Ministry of Science and Technology has a newspaper on the 9th, and the Ministry of Science and Technology has recently been supported by the four cities in Jinan, Xi’an, Chengdu and Chongqing. Since then, 6 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Zhejiang Deqing County, my country’s new generation of artificial intelligent innovation development test areas intended to expand to Ten City. According to the announcement of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Jinan, Xi’an, Chengdu, Chongqing intends to have a new generation of artificial intelligent innovation development test areas in the construction of the country.
Among them, Jinan is required to play the advantages of abundant and intelligent application scenarios in artificial intelligence applications, strengthen artificial intelligent technology research and development, improve intelligent infrastructure, increase the transformation of achievements and industrial agglomeration, and promote artificial intelligence. Innovation applications in major scenes such as agriculture, transportation, promote the upgrading of intelligent transformation of traditional industries, and cultivate new kinetic energy.
"The artificial intelligent test area of ??the future is based on the city as the main construction carrier. Key to the city, the city is rich in innovative resources, the well-developed cities, in principle, should be the city in which the country’s independent innovation demonstration zone or national high-tech zone is in the city, and it has been clearly Develop artificial intelligence as a key 上海高级会所价格 industrial direction. "Senior artificial intelligence experts said to reporters. He believes that the construction of future test districts must serve national regional development strategies.
Focus on the development of major regional development strategies such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Association, the development of Yangtze River, the construction of Guangdong and Hong Kong, Macau, and the development of the Yangtze River and Macau, and considers the coordinated development of the East and the Northeast China and promote artificial intelligence to become regional development. Important lead power. (Reporter Zhongyuan) (Editor: Chesty Chu, Yang Wei) Sharing Let more people see the recommended reading.
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I used this quote at the beginning of my last article: “Every state begins with violence, and (if it becomes secure) mellows into liberty.” It was from Will Durant’s The Lessons of History.
It’s pretty much a trope these days about how “we took the Indians’ land.” To which I respond, “So what? It’s the history of the world. If you can’t defend it, someone will take it from you.”
When I was about 16 I ran across the novel Little Big Man, by Thomas Berger. I thoroughly enjoyed it and read it many times.
I remember thinking, “It’s just a novel, but I wonder how much of the history is true?”
It was about some of the Western Indian tribes, and it turned out Berger did his homework.
One scene I remember in particular is Berger writing about how such Indians would catch an enemy and “unwind his guts.” Indians did things like that. Years later I read an article about how they caught one man, unwound his guts, nailed them to a tree, and made him walk around the tree until his guts unwound completely and he died.
Indians were notorious for things like that, which is why the Declaration of Independence refers to them as "the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions."
They did such things as take the babies of other tribes and bash their brains out on rocks. Swinging them by their feet.
By the way, all tribes of whatever race did such things, so saying things about what Europeans did is meaningless. I’m well aware of what primitive and savage European tribes did, such as roasting fat babies for food or raping dying women. Savages are called savages for a reason – and I’m glad they’re gone.
I’ve pointed out before when Europeans came to North America they found a mostly empty, incredibly rich land sparely populated by about a million Indians.
I’ve had people tell me there were 20 million Indians here, which is ridiculous. Primitive hunter-gatherer tribes, some of which occasionally grew some corn, can’t support 20 million people, even with a continent this size.
I was raised near Cahokia Mounds in Illinois (I've walked up those stairs on Monks Mound more than once), which had been the largest Indian village in North America – and when Americans discovered it is was already completely empty. All that’s left is a bunch of burial mounds, some of them huge. No one’s quite sure why they deserted the place. And the whole area is still as fertile as can be.
Most of the Indians died from European diseases to which they had no immunity. Smallpox wiped out entire villages. Only a few thousand on each side were killed in combat. And Americans didn’t so much want to wipe them out as turn them into white Christians, which didn’t work. Changing other people’s cultures never works.
As for Mexico, the Aztecs engaged in human sacrifice of hundreds of thousands of people from the tribes they had conquered, and those subjugated tribes supported Cortez when he destroyed the Aztecs. Apparently they were quite tired of having their hearts ripped out while they were still alive.
Mel Gibson’s Apocalypto is very accurate about that, and about how it stopped completely when Europeans landed, bringing Christianity with them.
I don’t exactly understand why some people idealize savages, since they weren’t Rousseau’s Noble Savages. All such primitive tribes are horrors more than anything else. You should read the Old Testament sometime, about how those primitive savage tribes left no one alive, not even the children and animals.
When countries become rich and powerful and safe, suddenly certain people long for a more primitive life. They ignore the loss of dentistry and anesthesia and surgery.
The history of the world has been that when one tribe runs into another, the result historically has been genocide. Which is why it’s obvious there is no such thing as “multiculturalism,” and the more Third World savages we import the more they are going to rape and steal and murder us, until we return the favor and deport or kill them.
And that has been the history of the world.
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Supreme Court Delivers Migrants a Win on Stop-Time Rule
Question: I have applied for asylum over two years ago and my work-permit has still not arrived. I am desperate and cannot get a job.
The Court says that the ‘clock has stopped’ and I am not eligible. What exactly is the ‘clock’ and how does it affect me?
Answer: Applicants for asylum in the United States are not immediately or automatically granted employment authorization. Before receiving an employment authorization document (EAD), an asylum applicant must wait for a final grant of asylum or for an application to remain pending for 180 days according to the “asylum clock.”
The asylum clock tracks how many days are credited towards the time an asylum application has been pending, not counting any delay caused by the asylum applicant.
A general lack of transparency plagues the administration of the asylum clock. Immigration judges (IJ’s) and asylum officers (AO’s) often fail to inform the noncitizen of the determination to stop the clock.
Asylum applicants who are unaware that the IJ has stopped the clock may discover these fact weeks or sometimes months later when the DHS denies their application for employment authorization.
Sometimes the Immigration Court (EOIR) improperly determines that the applicant for asylum caused the delay. Another problem involves restarting the asylum clock.
The regulations require that the IJ restart an asylum clock when a delay no longer exists, but in practice, the asylum clock is often improperly permanently stopped.
For example, EOIR’s interpretation implies that once there is a denial of asylum, the EAD clock is permanently stopped. However, the only time the asylum EAD clock is permanently stopped is when the applicant does not show exceptional circumstances for failing to attend an interview at the asylum office or the hearing at immigration court.
Implementation problems occur when the IJ stops the clock contrary to EOIR policy. A common problem occurs when testimony at the asylum hearing could not be completed in the allotted time.
EOIR policy states that adjourning because the case could not be completed in the time allotted should not stop the clock.
However, IJ’s are improperly stopping the clock, finding that the applicant for asylum is the cause for the delay. This is incorrect. It is important that arguments be made at Immigration Court to avoid the clock from stopping so that you can get your work permit.
Question: Is there only one asylum clock?
Answer: No. There are actually two asylum clocks.
1) The Asylum Adjudication clock: The asylum adjudication clock measures the number of days an asylum application has been pending adjudication.
2) The Asylum EAD clock: The asylum EAD clock also measures the number of days after submission of an asylum application that must elapse before the applicant may be provided an EAD.
“An applicant for asylum is not entitled to employment authorization, but such authorization may be provided under regulation by the Attorney General.
An applicant who is not otherwise eligible for employment authorization shall not be granted such authorization prior to 180 days after the date of filing of the application for asylum.”
Different events may stop either the asylum adjudications clock or both the asylum adjudications clock and asylum EAD clock.
Question: How does the Asylum EAD Clock affect work authorization?
Answer: The clock starts on the date that the applicant submits a complete asylum application. Once the asylum EAD clock reaches 150 days, the asylum applicant may apply for an EAD.
An asylum officer may grant, deny, refer or dismiss an asylum application. Only a denial of an asylum application makes the applicant ineligible for an EAD. A referral to the immigration court by an asylum officer is not a denial.
After the applicant has filed an application for an EAD, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) has 30 days from the date of the filing to grant or deny the EAD application. CIS cannot grant the application before the asylum clock has reached 180 days after the initial filing of the asylum application.
The regulations state that “(a) n applicant whose asylum application has been denied by an asylum officer or by an immigration judge within the 150-day period shall not be eligible to apply for employment authorization.”
In addition, the regulations say that if an asylum application is denied while an application for employment authorization is pending with the CIS, the employment authorization application will be denied.
However, respondents who have received an EAD and later appeal a denial of asylum may continue to renew their EAD throughout administrative and judicial review.
The EAD is renewable during the appeals process, including judicial review. When all appeals and judicial review have been exhausted, if the asylum application has been denied, work authorization terminates on the expiration date of the EAD.
Question: How is the asylum EAD clock stopped?
Answer: A delay in the adjudication “caused” by the asylum applicant will stop the clock only during the time the delay exists. The regulations provide only a limited number of examples of what constitutes an applicant caused delay.
By regulation, “delays caused by failure without good cause to follow the requirements for fingerprint processing” stop the clock.
The time between the issuance of a request for evidence and the receipt of a response to that request also is excluded. Additionally, the period during which the applicant fails to appear to receive the decision of the asylum officer will not be counted towards the 180 days.
The asylum clock restarts when the applicant “does appear to receive and acknowledge receipt of the decision or until the applicant appears before an immigration judge in response to the issuance of a charging document.
The clock permanently stops if an asylum applicant fails to appear for an interview with an asylum officer or for a hearing before an IJ unless the applicant demonstrates that the failure to appear was due to exceptional circumstances.
Therefore, while IJ’s in most instances ‘stop the clock’, it is done improperly and against the regulations. Arguments should be made to get clock moving again so that you can get your work-permit.
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WHAT MEDIATION IS AND HOW IT CAN HELP
When there’s a dispute (‘ conflict’) in between 2 or even more people or groups, we can try to aid both sides come to an arrangement. This is called ‘mediation’.
Mediation can not be used if a case has been made, or can be made, to a work tribunal regarding a conflict.
Mediation is held by a neutral individual (a ‘mediator’). The mediator is impartial. This implies they do not take sides. They exist to assist both events locate a remedy that all the events accept.
It’s typically made use of to resolve conflicts about functioning partnerships. Mediation is not judging that was wrong or best in the past, however looks at exactly how to agree on interacting in the future.
Mediation is a quick method to resolve a conflict as well as is:
- less formal
- usually not legitimately binding
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
HOW MEDIATION CAN HELP
Mediation aids to heal office partnerships by:
- finding remedies that everybody consents to
- boosting communication in between both sides of the disagreement
- allowing both sides to have control of what’s finally agreed
There are lots of advantages of mediation. For instance, mediation can assist to:
- lower stress and anxiety
- maintain valuable workers
- prevent more official procedures, such as litigating
- quit more complaints being increased
- avoid paying high costs, as an example, employment tribunal cases
Mediation end results are decided by both sides and can be versatile. Results might include:
- an acknowledgement of each party’s views
- a dedication to transform behaviour
- a dedication to regularly evaluate the agreement got to
- a contract to evaluate treatments and plans
- an agreement to share work a lot more fairly and also supply more obligation
A VOLUNTARY AND CONFIDENTIAL PROCESS
Mediation is volunteer. At the first meeting, a mediator will certainly speak with you regarding what happens in mediation so you can choose if it’s for you. They’ll tell your employer mediation is not possible if you decide you do not desire to mediate.
Mediation is likewise personal. The mediator will concur with both sides which information can be shared outside the mediation and exactly how. If you do not get to an agreement, anything that’s been claimed throughout the mediation needs to be maintained private and also can not be made use of in future procedures.
WHEN MEDIATION CAN BE USED
Mediation is made use of to solve disagreements concerning office relationships as opposed to various other conflicts, such as pay or issues connected to termination or conduct.
You can make use of mediation to fix:
- harassing as well as harassment
- interaction issues
- character clashes
- partnership break downs
WHEN TO START MEDIATION
It’s an excellent idea to try and fix the trouble informally first, before believing regarding utilizing mediation.
You can utilize mediation if the trouble can not be settled informally. Mediation can be used at any phase in a conflict, but it’s ideal to begin it immediately. The earlier the conflict is managed, the much less possibility there is of points becoming worse.
You might likewise utilize mediation to restore relationships after a disciplinary or grievance procedure.
The cost for mediation is generally paid for by the employer yet the price can additionally be shared or paid for by the employee.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
This web page discusses the procedure of family mediation, when mediation is needed and the expected standards of a family mediator.
WHAT IS MEDIATION?
Mediation is the procedure through which families can work out concerning future arrangements for kids with the help of a neutral 3rd party. The mediator does not tell celebrations what to do, but can assist the celebrations to reach their very own agreements agreeably, whilst trying to improve communication in between them.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF MEDIATION?
When parents find it hard to concur on making suitable setups for kids after a family breakdown, Mediation is advised. There are numerous benefits to going to mediation, such as:
- providing you much more control over what decisions are made in regard to youngsters, instead of putting on the courts;
- providing a much less stressful method of taking care of delicate matters;
- improving interaction and also helping you to figure out future arrangements;
- permitting plans to be examined as well as altered less complicated, so long as they are equally agreed by both celebrations; as well as
- giving a quicker and also less costly method of resolving conflicts.
ARE ANY AGREEMENTS MADE THROUGH MEDIATION LEGALLY BINDING?
Any type of contracts made during mediation are not legitimately binding in the feeling of being enforceable in a court. Some individuals do decide to get a solicitor to examine the arrangement, and also the arrangement can be utilized in court at a later phase in order to create a Consent Order. See our page on Authorization Orders for additional information.
WHAT IS A MEDIATION INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT MEETING (MIAM)?
A Mediation Information Analysis Meeting is the initial meeting which will certainly help develop whether mediation will certainly be ideal in your conditions, and also whether it will certainly help you to get to a contract.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN AT MEDIATION?
The mediator will certainly try to locate common ground in between you. If you’re not comfortable with being in the same area as your ex-partner, the mediator can set up ‘shuttle bus’ mediation. This is where the mediator speaks to you alone as well as after that speaks with your ex-partner with your proposals independently. It may take even more than one session to reach a contract.
Upon a contract being reached in between you and your ex-partner, a “memorandum of understanding” will certainly be developed by the mediator so everybody comprehends what has actually been concurred.
DO I HAVE TO GO TO MEDIATION?
From April 2014, any individual putting on the courts for assistance in solving disagreements concerning financial resources or kids will certainly be needed to participate in a conference Mediation Details Analysis Satisfying. This includes any type of applications for:
- Child Setups Order
- Specific Issue Order
- Prohibited Steps Order
- Adult Obligation Order
- An order appointing a Child’s Guardian
- Elimination from Jurisdiction Order
- Special Guardianship Order.
You will not require to participate in mediation for the above applications if you are requesting a Permission Order, or if there are continuous emergency situation proceedings, care procedures or supervision procedures for a child or there is an Emergency Situation Protection Order, Treatment Order or Supervision Order in place.
You can additionally be excluded from needing to participate in a MIAM, if you fulfil one of the exceptions described in paragraph 3 of the C100 application type, which can be downloaded and install from www.justice.gov.uk. A few of the major exceptions include:
- where there has been any type of domestic physical violence in between you and your ex-partner and it has actually been reported to the police, courts, health and wellness professionals or specialist company;
- where the child is the subject of a Child Defense Strategy or an area 47 query;
- where the situation refers seriousness, i.e. a risk of harm to the child’s safety and security;
- where mediation has been attempted within the last 4 months; or
- where the person seeking to make the application does not have enough contact information of the other person to which the application relates.
- From April 2014, it is mandatory to participate in a Mediation Details Evaluation Satisfying before making an application for court.
WHAT CAN I EXPECT FROM MY MEDIATOR?
A family mediator have to act impartially and avoid any kind of dispute of interest. This means that a mediator must not moderate on a disagreement where they have obtained pertinent info concerning the celebrations. In addition, a mediator should remain neutral on the end result of the mediation. They need to not look for to impose their preferred result or impact on any of the celebrations.
You need to additionally anticipate the mediator to keep personal all details acquired throughout the course of mediation. The mediator can not even disclose information to the court, without the consent of both individuals. The mediators might just divulge details where there are severe claims of damage to a child or grownup.
Mediation is a voluntary process and also any kind of session for mediation can be suspended or ended, if it is felt that the celebrations hesitate to fully take component in the procedure. Mediators should likewise motivate the participants to take into consideration the wishes as well as sensations of the kids.
HOW LONG CAN MEDIATION TAKE?
Mediation can continue while it fulfills the requirements of the private celebrations entailed. The first conference lasts around 45 minutes. Complete mediation sessions will normally last between 1 to 2 hrs, depending upon the intricacy of the scenario.
WHAT IS THE COST OF MEDIATION?
If you get on a reduced income or in invoice of particular advantages, you could be able to obtain Lawful Aid to aid with the prices. So one event is qualified for lawful help, Legal Help can cover the very first MIAM session for both of you. The mediator needs to be able examine whether you are qualified for legal aid or you can contact Civil Lawful Recommendations on 0345 345 4345.
WHAT IF WE CANNOT REACH AN AGREEMENT THROUGH MEDIATION?
If you can not reach an arrangement with the various other participant, or mediation falls short for any type of various other factor, for example the various other celebration will certainly not participate in or the mediator feels that mediation is unfeasible, you might wage your disagreement to the courts. You have to make certain that the mediator indicators and also licenses your application type.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
COSTS & PAYMENTS
CAN I AFFORD MEDIATION?
WHO PAYS FOR MEDIATION?
The average expense of family mediation in the UK is ₤ 140 each per hr. *.
* according to the Family Mediation Council– January 2021.
Free Family Mediation keep our prices fixed at ₤ 115 each per hr throughout your whole mediation process. And keep in mind, every extra pound you pay can be removed our fixed-fee lawful plans once your contract is worked out.
A lot of people pay their share, but you can agree that person will pay completely.
WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THE PRICE OF MEDIATION?
Included in the expense of your mediation is the moment considered the mediator to prepare for your session, compose up any kind of notes from your conferences and get your economic disclosures.
We do not charge additional for sending letters or e-mails, or for telephone call. All meetings can additionally be held online.
Once you have actually reached an agreement, we can function out one of the most set you back efficient legal plan for you based on the number of mediation sessions you have utilized.
Bear in mind, you only pay the per hour rate for mediation till you are all set to choose a lawful bundle that is best fit to you, on reaching your arrangement.
MEDIATION & DIVORCE COSTS
Please note we no much longer offer Lawful Help for mediation.
Initial meetings– ₤ 115 per hour (all consultations are paid at time of booking).
Child comprehensive mediation– ₤ 115 per hr (all payable ahead of time).
Mediation conference– ₤ 115 each per hr (payable at time of reserving your conference).
Form A/ C100 for court– ₤ 60.
Dealt with cost legal splitting up package (includes your first meetings, approximately 4 hrs joint mediation sessions and also a lawyer prepared act of splitting up)– ₤ 999 each.
Silver dealt with charge divorce and also mediation package (includes your first conferences, as much as 4 hours joint mediation sessions, solicitor took care of divorce via to your decree outright)– ₤ 1399 per person.
Gold dealt with cost divorce and mediation bundle (includes your preliminary conferences, as much as 6 hours of joint mediation sessions, solicitor handled divorce, lawyer substituting the participant, lawyer drafted authorization order)– ₤ 1699 each.
Platinum taken care of charge separation and also mediation package (includes your initial conferences, 2 hrs lawful advice, written record of that suggestions, approximately 8 hrs of joint mediation sessions, solicitor handled separation, solicitor drafted permission order, different solicitor representing the participant and also a brand-new will for each and every of you on your divorce)– ₤ 2399 each.
Taken care of fee approval order bundle (includes your first conferences, 4 hours joint mediation sessions and also a lawyer drafted and checked consent order, submission of the order to court and all court document)– ₤ 999 per person.
Lawyer Review (consists of a record sent out to our barrister chambers, that will certainly assess your situation and also compose a report of what they really feel would be a most likely result if your situation went to court)– ₤ 499 each.
Legal suggestions as well as a composed record based upon your conditions can be included to any kind of bundle (It is consisted of as standard with the platinum package)– You have the option of a 1 hr examination and created report or more hour consultation as well as composed report– ₤ 299 for 1 hour or ₤ 399 for 2 hrs.
Child Setup Order a solicitor prepares a child setup authorization order and also finishes a C100 kind and sends to your neighborhood court. They handle Cafcass enquiries in your place. This makes your parenting plan lawfully binding. You will require to go to court for this– ₤ 399 each.
HMCTS court charges for divorce– ₤ 550.
HMCTS court costs for a monetary consent order– ₤ 50.
HMCTS Court charges for a child setup order– ₤ 215.
Type A/ C100– ₤ 60.
Respondent Just Service (Lawyer to take care of the separation for the participant)– ₤ 399.
Memorandum of Recognizing (Free with any type of fixed charge legal plan)– ₤ 110 per individual.
Parenting Plan (for Child Just Mediation)– ₤ 72 per individual.
End result Declaration (files the end result where no or partial arrangement got to)– ₤ 72 each.
Qualified translation of marital relationship certificate– (from) ₤ 120.
Lawyer drafted consent order (if added to any divorce bundle)– ₤ 499 each.
Licensed duplicate of a marital relationship certification– ₤ 25.
Work with of 2nd area for shuttle mediation– ₤ 30 per individual per meeting.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
How Long Does It Take To Divorce Through Mediation?
You’re probably feeling an entire host of feelings if there is a separation impending in your near future. Unhappiness, stress and anxiety, anxiety, as well as stress are simply a few of things on that listing. As well as when the thought of all the needed company of separation hits you, you possibly really feel exhausted to boot.
Separation doesn’t have to be a prolonged procedure. If you as well as your spouse are amenable, you can decide to moderate your means via this hard time as opposed to experience excruciating litigation.
If there is a separation impending in your future, you’re most likely feeling a whole host of feelings. Unhappiness, stress and anxiety, tension, and also worry are simply a few of things on that particular checklist. And also when the idea of all the required service of divorce strikes you, you most likely really feel exhausted to boot.
Divorce does not have to be a prolonged procedure. If you and also your partner are amenable, you can make a decision to mediate your means via this difficult time instead of experience unpleasant litigation.
Exactly how much time does divorce through mediation take? We’ll go over that and also more today.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
What Is Mediation?
Mediation is a process of divorce that enables both celebrations to take control. Rather than leaving the choices approximately a court, you will certainly have the ability to make the options for your very own future.
This approach is specifically excellent for parents and people that will require to continue to co-exist in spite of the separation.
Along with being faster and less complicated than a traditional divorce, separation via mediation has a greater rate of conformity since both celebrations pertained to terms on the arrangement together.
Just how Does It Work?
A mediated divorce entails an individual called a family legislation mediator. This is an individual trained to help people solve their divorce issues. They work as the interaction between the couple.
The mediator’s job is to make certain that everybody has their chance to speak without being disturbed. He assists clear up the points that both parties make and asks questions to maintain the discussion on the right track with clear communication.
The mediator will certainly also give you info concerning exactly how the legal system functions and what options you can take to prevent them.
Generally, you, your ex, and also the mediator will get with each other in a number of sessions that vary in length from one to two hours.
When you will certainly aim out the points that require to be talked about and exactly how essential they are, the first conference is. It’s additionally where you will learn all of the paperwork you will need to take in order to speed the procedure along.
From there on, you’ll utilize each conference to discuss the different compromises you need to make in order to fulfill everyone’s requirements. The mediator offers info about the lawful system and also valuable hints for just how various other individuals have managed similar troubles.
Ultimately, you will meet the mediator and an arrangement composes it up for you and your legal representative to authorize.
How Lengthy Does It Take?
The solution to this concern varies because every separation as well as every marital relationship is different. If you have a lot of properties that you require to separate, or if you and also your spouse have a tough time agreeing, it could take a lot longer.
Nonetheless, if you can both involve terms rather quickly, you could be considering a very short process.
One of the major advantages to divorce via mediation is the reality that you will not have to appear in court. This minimizes the size of time substantially.
In basic, less complicated instances take about 3 or 4 two-hour sessions that the mediator expands over a training course of a month approximately.
Below are a few of things that impact the size of separation with mediation.
If you have a great deal of things that you require to divide, it can take a while. There are much more decisions to make.
If you’ve come to an arrangement on pretty much everything as well as simply have one or 2 points to function out, the procedure could go smoothly.
There’s no great method to put it: youngsters make divorce hard. Individuals are normally ready to endanger when it comes to financial issues. Yet when you include children to the mix, it obtains sticky.
When it comes to the custodianship of your youngsters, expect to invest a while in mediation. But it deserves it, you want something that’s going to benefit all the parties included.
There’s no wonderful means to place it: kids make divorce tough. Individuals are normally willing to compromise when it concerns monetary matters. When you add youngsters to the mix, it gets sticky.
Expect to invest a while in mediation when it concerns the guardianship of your youngsters. However it’s worth it, you desire something that’s going to function for all the celebrations involved.
Readiness to Concession
Your mediator can not tell you what you need to do. They do not make the selections or provide orders. They’re only there to aid you compromise and satisfy a common agreement.
It’s going to take for life if you and your partner aren’t prepared to meet in the middle on some things.
There are a number of issues that can make your mediation go a little longer than standard. That’s still a small cost to pay when you take into consideration the cost and time that goes right into a standard divorce.
It’s extremely unusual for a divorcing couple to agree on every little thing. Even if you can not concur on primarily anything, there is still an objective behind mediation.
Also taking 1 or 2 things off of the checklist of lawsuits can reduce the length of time you are in court.
Also if you and also your partner can’t obtain along, there’s still reason to try mediation. Even though pairs who are friendly usually choose this route, it doesn’t imply it’s a regulation.
When emotions run high, it’s part of the mediator’s job to aid both celebrations interact also. It is feasible to make it through mediation even in circumstances like these.
Taking Care Of Separation with Mediation
Separation is hard, that’s a straightforward truth. It’s stressful and also it can in some cases make you feel like you don’t wish to also obtain out of bed in the morning. But it does not need to be by doing this.
You can make divorce as pain-free as possible when you select to resolve divorce via mediation.
30 ESSENTIAL UK FAMILY MEDIATION FACTS 2021
WHAT IS FAMILY MEDIATION?
Family Mediation is the procedure of dealing with problems on your divorce, splitting up or ongoing parenting arrangements. Formerly, if you could not concur on these issues, you would have no alternative but to file an application with the family court for either a Child Arrangement Order or a separate application for a Financial Order. The court process takes a long time to get to a judgement, is pricey and also oftentimes is not the finest area to resolve disputes, especially within a family setting.
Family Mediation replaces the demand of going to court. By using a professional family mediator, most individuals can reach an agreement that permits them both to proceed.
Having a neutral 3rd party to control the discussion, make certain parity as well as fairness in the procedure and maintains conversations on things that matter. Across the country, even more than 70% of customers reach arrangement with mediation. Mediate UK handle to attain a 90% success price for those that take place to joint mediation.
Family mediation is not treatment or partnership coaching and also whilst it can look at just how you interact with each various other, it is very much regarding preparing the future and not recalling over the past.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
For How Long DOES MEDIATION TAKE?
This can differ from instance to case. For a one concern matter, such as parenting plans at Christmas, a holiday abroad or a change in the amount of spousal maintenance after that lots of are able to get to contract in just one joint 90 min mediation session.
The standard for the majority of customers on parenting or monetary matters is 3 x 90-minute mediation consultations.
WHAT HAPPENS AT A MIAM CONSULTATION?
You will originally need to complete an initial mediation meeting called a MIAM. They can also be described as an intake meeting. These are normally attended on your very own, but often you can go with each other. , if this is the instance the mediator will still want to talk to each of you separately.
The MIAM offers 2 functions:.
- It is your chance to clarify to the mediator concerning your circumstance, what the problems are, what you would certainly such as to happen and any kind of problems you might have.
- It likewise enables the mediator to give you complete info concerning how mediation functions. The mediator will then choose whether mediation appropriates for your case. You might likewise determine whether to try mediation at this stage as well.
WHAT IS THE FAMILY MEDIATION PROCEDURE?
Click the flow sheet below for Mediate UK’ s procedure. We are various from the majority of mediation solutions as we can additionally make you agreement legally binding as part of a taken care of charge plan.
The beginning of the process is the very same country wide. Most of the times we would see you separately at first for your MIAM and after that prepare a plan for your joint mediation meetings. We would typically talk about any kind of parenting setups initially, before completing a monetary disclosure with you both and after that experiencing your financial contract.
You would normally have an end result recap prepared at the end of your joint meetings as well as when agreement reached, the mediator can compose a complete parenting plan, memorandum of understanding and financial arrangement.
These files can after that be made lawfully binding depending upon your situations.
DO I NEED A DIVORCE LAWYER?
Legal guidance throughout the process should be recommended by every family mediation service in the UK. Taking great legal guidance before as well as during the procedure can assist as well as a lawyer can additionally check your arrangement at the end. Moderate UK likewise use repaired charge legal advice, which include a written report that you can bring into mediation if you want.
At the end of the mediation process, you will typically require a family regulation lawyer or lawyer to make your contract lawfully binding or you can pick one of Mediate UK’s dealt with cost lawful plans. The option is always yours.
IS MEDIATION IN THE UK COMPULSORY?
For the most part, it is a lawful requirement to take into consideration mediation by ways of going to a Mediation Info Assessment Fulfilling (MIAM) before you can ask a court to choose on your situation. There are currently 15 exceptions to this, which vary from residential abuse, to living abroad or child security. If, having attended a MIAM either you (or the mediator) decide that you do not want to do mediation, then you do not need to attend.
If you have actually been invited to attend a MIAM and do not respond or decline, you might have to discuss your factors why to the judge.
In many cases the judge may adjourn your proceedings whilst you attempt mediation. Also in such conditions you do not need to attend, although the judge will certainly need to know the factors why.
IS FAMILY MEDIATION SIMPLY FOR DIVORCING COUPLES?
Not at all. Family mediation can help parents who are separated, grandparents with accessing to their grandchildren, pairs that were co-habiting or pairs who have divorced and have ongoing monetary or parenting concerns to resolve.
Family mediation can help if you would ultimately submit an application at court to deal with the concern.
HOW MUCH DOES MEDIATION COST IN THE UK?
According to a research by the Family Mediation Council in 2019, the ordinary per hour rate including VAT for family mediation is ₤ 140 each per hour. Many concerns are fixed in 3 to 4 90-minute conferences. At Mediate UK the cost to reach resolution in this time is ₤ 632.50 each consisting of VAT.
If you get on particular benefits or have a reduced income without lots of assets, then you might be qualified for lawful help for mediation. The various other celebration will certainly not have to pay for their MIAM or their first joint mediation session either if you are qualified.
WHO SPENDS FOR MEDIATION COSTS?
This is by agreement between you. If both parties are paying their share, a lot of services will estimate per individual as it shows a commitment to the process. In some cases couples will agree that they will go to if the other party pays and also occasionally they will certainly work out up the costs from the financial arrangement reached.
Most mediation solutions will certainly ask you to pay as you go for the mediation you get. See our blog on who spends for even more family mediation if you can not concur.
WHY TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION FAMILY MEDIATION AS AN CHOICE?
There are four major factors why you need to consider family mediation.
- We understand it is mandatory to consider it. But why is that? A lot of family law experts, the Judiciaries themselves and also Department of Justice concur that family mediation is a much much better method to resolve conflicts, instead than litigating.
- It is quicker– the typical length for a monetary order to be finalised is 14.5 months, according to a Aviva Report published in 2018. Family mediation can be established up within a few days or weeks.
- It is less expensive– most firms of lawyers will quote you over of ₤ 20,000 for a complete monetary order with the courts, which will certainly include 3 hearings.
- It is extra friendly– this is especially crucial if you have kids together, regardless of their ages. Courts are established to be adversarial.
WHAT CREDENTIALS DOES A FAMILY MEDIATOR HAVE?
There are 3 degrees of family mediator:
- Educated Family Mediator (FMCT).
Although not formally identified as a FMC standard, this shows they have successfully completed an FMC accepted family mediation training course. They will usually be functioning in the direction of their certification.
- Accredited Family Mediator (FMCA).
This reveals the family mediator has completed a portfolio of situations, which generally takes about 2 years.
- Expert Practise Professional (PPC).
A Pay Per Click is one of the most seasoned family mediator and also will certainly have effectively passed a further PPC training course and also will certainly have numerous years of experience. They will instructor as well as help various other family mediators.
CANISTER OUR YOUNGSTERS HAVE A SAY IN THE END RESULT?
Yes! It is encouraged in family law. The youngsters can be invited to mediation by a particularly educated family mediator if both parents concur. The youngsters will talk to the family mediator on their own and afterwards, with the kids’s consent, this can be fed back to the parents at a different meeting.
If you litigated, as long as the kids are of a certain age and the court concurs, after that CAFCASS will talk with the youngsters. Family mediation just looks to replace this procedure.
ARE FAMILY MEDIATION SERVICES CONFIDENTIAL?
Definitely. It is just one of the 5 core principals of family mediation in the UK. You can talk freely to your family mediator during the MIAM without needing to worry that what you say will be handed down to the other party. Likewise you can review options, solutions and also make offers in mediation without being bound to them were mediation to break down.
All divorce mediation in UK is ‘without bias’– which implies you can securely make deals and also discover services, without being linked to them if your case litigates. It is a risk-free negotiating environment.
There are exemptions to this discretion, such as if a child is recognized as being at danger of major damage, or if money laundering is occurring. The family mediator has specific legal commitments to pass this info on in these uncommon circumstances.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
WHAT CAN BE DISCUSSED DURING A MEDIATION SESSION
The family mediator will certainly have agreed with you before the sessions what you wish to review throughout mediation. This will normally revolve around what future parenting setups you can concur as well as what economic contract you can get to. However it can also cover how you connect with each various other relocating forwards or what interim plans can be reached whilst your divorce mediation is occurring.
Family mediation additionally covers certain problems such as a family vacations, plans at Christmas or who will certainly make the following home mortgage repayment on your residential property.
Family mediation can also assist Grandparents that desire to concur setups to see their grandchildren.
WHAT'S THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN FAMILY MEDIATION & THERAPY?
There are lots of differences, yet these are the major ones:
- Family mediation is a process that replaces litigating.
- Family mediation looks forwards, not back over the relationship.
- Family mediators focus much more on the concerns to be fixed and much less on the underlying partnership.
- Family mediation consideration is a lawful requirement, in many cases, prior to litigating.
Counselling can absolutely assist with your recurring relationship with each other or the broader family. You can look for neighborhood counsellors below.
DO WE NEED TO BE IN THE SAME AREA AS EACH OTHER?
No. The majority of mediation for splitting up, divorce or parenting arrangements includes you as well as your family mediator remaining in the very same area. This often tends to work best and also helps you reach an arrangement in much less time.You can nevertheless pick to have shuttle mediation. This is where you remain in separate rooms and will.
normally have different arrival as well as separation times. The mediator will designate their time equally in between you and also ‘shuttle’ between rooms to aid you get to an agreement.
With the appeal of on-line mediation, you don’t also need to remain in the same structure and also you can even do ‘shuttle bus mediation’ on-line– where you will certainly remain in separate break-out areas. You do not have to be on the very same display as the other celebration in this case.
HOW DOES ONLINE MEDIATION WORK?
On-line mediation occurs in similar means as face-to-face mediation in the UK.
The mediator will usually hold different MIAM appointments as well as will then place a strategy together for your joint mediation designate. Online Mediation can work actually well as it assists individuals focus on the problems. Just one individual can speak each time and as you are not in the same space, increased emotions can be less of a problem.
WHAT OCCURS WITH FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE DURING FAMILY MEDIATION?
Each solution will have their very own policy on economic disclosure.
There are three levels of economic disclosure you can make with Mediate UK:.
High level– simply the overall for each and every of the 4 disclosure classifications (property, other assets, liabilities and also pension plans).
Financial Disclosure Kinds– You total our spread sheets, which are lawfully appropriate for a disclosure.
Form E– You both total a Form E and sign them off as precise. This is the kind you would certainly finish if you were to head to court.
The disclosure is switched in between you both as well as you have a possibility to examine it, ask questions through the mediation procedure as well as lastly concur it. The disclosure can be revealed to court, so it is essential that it is exact, as up to day as feasible as well as you have included whatever you need to disclose. This consists of assets, even if they are not being divided between you or transforming hands as component of the negotiation.
A precise disclosure will certainly enable you both to get a consent order from the court. Without this, either of you might make a future insurance claim against the various other.
At Mediate UK, 80% of clients utilize our own monetary disclosure kinds. They have to sign a please note prior to the agreement can be sent out to the lawyers if customers decide for a high-level disclosure just.
Collating, settling and also concurring what assets you both have is a crucial part of the mediation procedure. If you can not settle on which disclosure option to do, then the default is to full Kind E’s each. Review our Ultimate Guide to Financial Disclosure for more details about this.
IS MEDIATION LEGALLY BINDING?
At the end of the family mediation procedure, you will certainly be typically receive among the complying with files:.
- A Result Declaration.
- A Memorandum of Understanding.
- A Parenting Strategy.
- A Financial Declaration.
An End result Declaration is utilized when no or partial arrangement is reached. It can be useful in tightening the scope of the problems, to ensure that you spend less time going with the lawful procedure, allowing you to simply focus on the problems that have not been concurred in family mediation.
A Memorandum of Comprehending.
This is the major records generated from effective family mediation. It will certainly lay out what you have concurred in your mediation appointments. It is not lawfully binding however can be made so through an authorization order with your divorce.
You can likewise have your purposes tape-recorded in an action of separation, which welcomes the court to accept your arrangement in case of any future conflicts. These are usually prepared by a solicitor as well as your trademarks are experienced with the paper hung on file.
A Parenting Plan.
This is the plan that demonstrates how you will certainly raise your kids whilst living individually. It can cover whatever from education, holidays to grandparents and also religious factors to consider. The plan is not legally binding however can me made so by authorization through a child setup order.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
WHAT VARIOUS OTHER PARENTING ASSISTANCE IS AVAILABLE FOR US?
Often the relationship between parents is harmful as well as so fraught, that it appears difficult to work together to get to an arrangement on exactly how to elevate the children. Family Judiciaries can send out parents on a Separated Parents Details Strategy (PIP)– where the parents find out how to prioritise their children as well as handle conflict in their ongoing relationship.
Mediate UK desire to maintain parents out of court, so we have actually partnered with Children Come First to give mentoring to parents experiencing a splitting up. It can function really well when there is high dispute, when your views on parenting are far apart, or when you just desire a seasoned professional to lead you via the splitting up.
WHERE CONTAINER I OBTAIN LEGAL SUGGESTIONS IN THE UK?
Good lawful suggestions is an integral part of UK Divorce Mediation. To obtain the most specific recommendations for your monetary case, it is handy to have a full monetary disclosure from each event. This allows the lawyer to comprehend the complete image for your specific scenario and afterwards suggest as necessary.
To obtain the suggestions you require you can discover a solicitor local to you– as well as we recommend looking for a Resolution accredited solicitor.
Additionally you can reserve in a a couple of hr legal recommendations package, which significantly, consist of a written report of that advice. These can be made use of at any time during the mediation process, or perhaps if you are not attending moderating. The two-hour package does not have to be taken at one time, so you can utilize it before and after the mediation.
WHAT TAKES PLACE IF MEDIATION BREAKS DOWN?
If mediation does not work, the majority of people would have five alternatives:
- Not do anything.
- Pause from discussions.
- Ask For a Barrister Evaluation.
- Lawyer Arrangement.
- Relate to the Family Court.
Do absolutely nothing– if you have actually not consented to alter the current scenario and also you can not agree to transform it with mediation, you might approve that you attempted and proceed with the status.
Pause– Sometimes it is useful, specifically in high stress as well as emotive matters to pause from the process and try once again in a few months, as soon as matters have relaxed down somewhat.
Barrister Evaluation– Set up by Mediate UK in 2015, our Lawyer Reviews have been a revelation to assist clients where they could not get to a contract in mediation yet additionally desire to avoid the costs of going to court. An independent lawyer will certainly write a report on what the law is, exactly how it puts on your case and also, if you went to court, what would be a likely result.
Solicitor Negotiation– You would certainly ask your respective solicitors to bargain in between each other, in the hope that this will lead to a contract before court.
Put on the Family Court– By attending mediation as well as it ultimately breaking down, you will certainly have satisfied the lawful requirement to submit an application to the court, for them to make an order on your matter.
WHAT HAPPENS IF THE VARIOUS OTHER PARTY DOES NOT WANT TO ATTEND MEDIATION.
Family Mediation is always voluntary, also when an instance is adjourned by the court to attempt to reach an arrangement via mediation.
You do not need to go to and neither does the various other celebration. It is just one of the core principals of mediation– you have to desire to take part in the process and also want to solve the matter.
Family mediation is not a suitable technique of alternate dispute resolution if you don’t. If the other party does not intend to participate in family mediation and is not interacting to fix the issue, then you can put on the court, having went to a MIAM. In such scenarios, a Fast-Track Online MIAM could be extra ideal for you.
If the various other party does not subsequently attend the court hearing without good reason, they may be held in contempt of court, or even more generally, a legally binding order will be made on the instance in their absence.
Remember: The judge will usually desire you to discuss why you have actually not participated in family mediation if you have been asked to go. If you do not participate in mediation, see here for more information on whether it will go versus you.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
WHAT IS AN INDEPENDENT LAWYER TESTIMONIAL?
These are a great device if family mediation breaks down, however it can additionally be used from the start of arrangements if you both agree.
Unique to Moderate UK, we hold a certificate for Direct Bar gain access to. We carry out a complete economic disclosure and also after that ask you to list what the problems are that you can not concur on, and what you want to happen for each issue, together with your reasons.
We after that send this record of to an independent however expert family legislation barrister, who writes a record on what the regulation is, how it applies to your instance and, if you litigated, what would certainly be a most likely result. In the last four years all but one case (an exceedingly made complex one involving a drastically disabled child) have actually approved the barrister review or bargained a little on it to get to an arrangement. See right here for even more information on our independent barrister reviews.
SUPPOSE WE ALREADY HAVE AN AGREEMENT OR ARE CLOSE TO REACHING ONE?
We have several customers approach us who do not wish to most likely to different lawyers, but do not require family mediation as they have either reached agreement, or are extremely near to getting to one.
If you are in a similar situation, you may like to consider Separation Settlement. This is where we collect your economic disclosure, and obtain a summary of your present scenario and what you have agreed. You then have a 90-minute conference with one of our divorce experts to pick up inspect your arrangement, make certain you have actually thought about every little thing the court would like you to have taken a look at and after that aid see to it you are splitting the properties as cost-effectively as possible.
This is terrific to help you fast-track your separation arrangement to our family regulation lawyers to aid make it legally binding.
WHERE CONTAINER I GET MORE INFO ON MEDIATION?
There is even more info on the Family Mediation Council web site.
Moderate UK provide a no obligation Divorce and Separation Examination.
You can book in a 30-minute appointment with our divorce professional who will discuss your particular case, give you all the choices you have and also give you with the info you need to think about how ideal to proceed.
WHAT SHOULD I THINK ABOUT WHEN CHOOSING A UK FAMILY MEDIATION SOLUTION?
There are several variables to think about when selecting who to trust with your family mediation:
- Credentials– Anybody can call themselves a mediator, however to be a Family Mediator they must have participated in an identified family mediation training course. Always examine that you are dealing with a mediator that is registered as either FMCA or FMCT.
- Subscription– The mediator and preferably the business should belong to among five mediation bodies:.
- Experience– How long have they been carrying out mediation? Have they simply a couple of years’ experience or a decade of moderating instances?
- Dimension– Is the mediator a one or two-person micro business or are they a well established service with an option of mediators to select from? This can be a significant consideration if your mediator was lengthy term sick, retires or the local business goes under. What would take place to your instance in such conditions?
- Price– Just how a lot do they bill per hr? If you are qualified for lawful aid, you ought to absolutely select a mediator who gives mediation funded by legal help. Pricing for mediation does not always mirror quality or imply that they are a finest suitable for your instance. You are far better off considering:.
- Reviews & Recommendations– There is absolutely nothing better than a personal recommendation. If you do not know any individual that has utilized a regional mediator near you, then see if there are any genuine evaluations for them online.
- Lawful Bundles & Other Solutions– Just how much does the mediation service fee for their documents at the end of your family mediation appointment? Do they help you make these legally binding? Can they advise a pension professional, legal consultant, mortgage broker or other specialist to assist your instance?
WHAT VARIOUS OTHER CHOICES OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION ARE THERE?
There are 10 approaches to deal with a dispute on your separation or splitting up. You can watch our series on these on our YouTube channel right here:
In some instances you can solve issues with your solicitors sitting round the table, called collective regulation. You can additionally think about going to a mediation solution– which is more affordable and also quicker than litigating, however still gives you a lawfully binding order at the end.
Call us today and speak to a mediator on 03300100179
DOES MEDIATION IN THE UK ACTUALLY WORK?
Definitely. We have actually been aiding couples moderate since 2011 as well as of those that take place to moderate with each other, a remarkable 90% reach an agreement. The nationwide average is simply over 70%– so whichever Family Mediation Service you choose to assist fix your conflict, you are most likely than not to reach an agreement.
WHAT IS 'DYNAMIC MEDIATION' AND ALSO HOW CONTAINER IT AID?
Mediate UK have actually developed a process of family mediation called progressive mediation. We intend to assist you obtain to an arrangement as cost-effectively as feasible, so we help concentrate on the problems that will help you move on, prioritise any type of youngsters of the connection and also maintains conversations on what you can do in the future, as opposed to what has actually taken place in the past. This means you improve worth for your extra pound however likewise obtain to a resolution quicker, permitting you both to relocate on and locate your future.
Progressive Mediation aids you concentrate on the practical needs of your separation or separation, enabling you to focus a lot more on the psychological side.
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In Iraq, Afghanistan, Haiti, Somalia, Congo and many other places, peacekeepers, and soldiers in general, are increasingly at odds with the NGO (non-governmental organization) aid community. The NGOs demand that the troops protect NGO activities. Some of those activities include providing food, fuel and medical care for the rebels or bandits the troops are trying to get rid of. The NGOs sometimes accuse the troops of war crimes, or of deliberately interfering with NGO activities, largely because the NGO personnel are ignorant of how military operations play out in a combat zone, and are anti-military to begin with.
All this is a smoke screen, to help protect the NGOs from charges that they aid the bad guys and help prolong the violence the troops are there to deal with. This is becoming a growing problem, as the NGO workers seek to make their own lives easier by getting cozy with whatever warlord is in control where the NGOs are employed. These relief operations are careers for many of the NGO personnel, and an adventure for the shorter term workers. But the NGO staff don't want to get killed doing good works, so there is a growing trend to make a discreet deal with the devil, in order to get some protection in a war zone. The peacekeepers, meanwhile have come to consider many NGOs as frenemies (enemies you have to work with) at best.
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Power dynamics often play an important role in romantic relationships. The most common ones are demand/withdrawal, distancer/pursuer, and fear/shame.
Power plays a role in relationships, but it isn’t always about dominance and submission. Often, it’s about roles each partner plays when faced with a specific challenge or situation.
“Power dynamics” in a relationship refers to those roles and to ways of interacting that influence a partner’s behavior. When there’s an imbalance of power, it can show up in many forms, including resentment, endless arguments, and emotional distance.
Understanding common power dynamics can help you resolve conflict and create a more balanced and emotionally secure relationship.
“What it comes down to is all partners want to feel seen and heard,” explains Lee Phillips, LCSW, a psychotherapist in New York and Virginia. “If they can validate and show empathy, this brings healing and balance to the relationship.”
Validating each other doesn’t mean agreeing on everything, but rather making sense of your partner’s reality, says Phillips.
According to Emily Heard, MFT, a marriage and family therapist in Menlo Park, California, power imbalances in relationships often arise around specific themes, including:
- sexual intimacy
- decision making
- duties and responsibility
When trying to handle these or other power imbalances, Heard explains three common dynamics can play out:
“By acknowledging the relationship power dynamic,” Heard says, “any of the themes can be addressed, whether it’s a major life decision or a simple disagreement.”
Demand/withdrawal dynamics refer to one person feeling their needs are not being met and that their partner is ignoring their requests, explains Heard.
The “demander” may feel they’re constantly asking for something, but never getting through to their partner. This can result in:
In contrast, the “withdrawer” handles their partner’s requests with avoidance. They may be trying to set a boundary in the relationship, but not making it clear.
“Some may feel as though their partner is demanding them to take on more responsibility, so they avoid it as an act of rebellion,” says Heard. “This often creates huge fights over small issues, such as doing the dishes.”
How to change the dynamic
At the core, the demand/withdrawal dynamic dissolves trust, one of the cornerstones of any relationship, notes Heard. “Ultimately, it comes down to keeping agreements and respectful communication,” she says.
It helps if your partner understands your needs. Try saying, “ I feel like I need more support with… what are you committed to taking on?” Or, “ I feel like I am disappointing you… can we be clear about our mutual expectations?”
A mutual commitment to listening to each other and avoiding doing things that may hurt each other is a first step.
The distancer/pursuer dynamic occurs in relationships when one partner is more invested than the other and may take the initiative more often. This power dynamic may be associated with your attachment style.
Attachment styles are associated with the bond you established with your primary caregivers when you were a child.
If a primary caregiver is validating and provides praise and support, Phillips explains a child has a greater sense of self.
If a caregiver is not emotionally supportive (for example, a dismissive parent), it may result in feelings of rejection, isolation, and fear, he adds.
“All of this carries into adulthood in seeking a partner to help heal childhood wounds,” says Phillips. “This creates power imbalances I see often. One partner becomes the maximizer (energy out — confronting), and the other partner becomes the minimizer (energy in — withdrawing).”
Different love languages (the way we give and receive love) can also come into play, according to Heard.
For example, one person’s way of showing love and interest may be to send 10 text messages to their partner throughout the day. A partner who doesn’t identify with these expressions of love may end up feeling smothered by all the attention.
How to change the dynamic
Heard suggests stepping out of your comfort zone. For example, the distancer might consider initiating planning a date or being intimate.
“This can be a bit awkward at first,” she notes, “but can actually create a healthy dynamic of transitioning power between you and your partner.”
When addressing this power dynamic, it may help for you to think about how the other person likes to be loved rather than how you want to be loved. If both think this way, each partner receives what they need and provides what the other person prefers.
The fear/shame power dynamic may play on one or both partners’ insecurities or emotional pain.
The dynamic often has to do with the fear or anxiety experienced by one partner and how it can elicit feelings of shame or avoidant behaviors in the other. This, in turn, may lead to withdrawal or aggressive behaviors.
These dynamics are often rooted in past unresolved trauma.
How to change the dynamic
Resolving the fear/shame power dynamic requires trust, vulnerability, and space to process, says Heard.
“Name your vulnerability, and trust your partner cares enough about you to honor it. If you know your partner has a trauma history from a previous relationship, help them to feel supported,” she says.
“If you feel that shame is arising around your appearance and body image, be vulnerable and honest with your partner about it,” Heard advises. “Trust that they love you and will not use it against you.”
An example of this could be, “I feel self-conscious when I’m in my swimsuit since I’ve recently gained weight. I’m afraid you are checking out other people and comparing them to me.”
An unloving response would be, “Why don’t you try working out if you want to feel more confident?” A loving response would sound more like, “I’m sorry you feel that way. I’m going to make sure to remind you how attractive I find you.”
Seeking the support of a mental health professional may also be key in addressing trauma and other emotional challenges one or both partners may be facing.
A balance of power involves trust, communication, and vulnerability from both partners. Here are some ways you can begin to balance your relationship dynamic:
- Being open and honest. Honesty builds trust and intimacy, and strengthens the relationship.
- Compromising.Being in a relationship means you won’t always get your way. Try to acknowledge different points of view, and be willing to give and take.
- Respecting boundaries. Try to listen and respect your partner’s needs and preferences.
- Supporting individual interests. Consider encouraging each other to pursue personal and professional goals, see friends and family, and do things you enjoy.
- Arguing fairly. Disagreements are a natural occurrence. When discussing those, try to stick to the current subject and avoid blame. You can take a short break if you need to cool off and then come back to the conversation.
- Trusting. Try to give your partner the benefit of the doubt and assume positive intent.
If you find it hard to balance the power dynamics in your relationship, getting support from a couples therapist may help.
Other signs it may be time for help include:
Power dynamics in a relationship refer to the different ways partners can behave to influence each other. Demand/withdrawal, distancer/pursuer, and fear/shame are three common power dynamics.
Changing the power dynamic in your relationship requires trust, vulnerability, and honest and respectful communication. It can also help to get the support of a good couples therapist.
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The settlement still must be approved by a federal judge, however, according to the Associated Press (AP). The automobile maker is not admitting guilt with the settlement, but has agreed to pay restitution to 3,400 black employees at its manufacturing plants nationwide, as well as set aside positions for them and pay legal fees. The company must also create a new selection program that will treat minority applicants fairly and that is monitored by an industrial psychologist.
The apprenticeship program allowed Ford workers to learn skills for a higher paying job within the company. It was stopped in August, according to a company spokesman, after the issues were raised.
The settlement could cost the company $10 million, according to the AP, which includes $2,400 to current and former employees harmed by the selection procedure and $30,000 to the original plaintiffs. Ford will also pay $1.1 million to cover all court costs and attorney’s fees.
There were actually two suits brought against the company in federal court – one by the employees, and one by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The employees went to the EEOC in 1998, and the Commission helped negotiate the eventual settlement. Also named in the suits was the United Auto Workers union, which represents Ford workers and who has an interest in the selection process, according to the AP.
The AP also reports that the two federal judges looking at the separate cases may ultimately decide to combine them when looking the settlement, for which a date has not yet been set.
« HR Outsourcing Deal May Signal New Era
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