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The world famous founder of Alibaba may be a billionaire CEO, but the words he is repeating around the world contain echoes of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong. It may be difficult for the untrained ear to identify it, but it should be no surprise that this rock star of China’s centrally planned economy is on good terms with the deeply ideological ruling Party. For those with a deeper understanding, Marxist undertones can be found all throughout Ma’s technological optimism.
Many people have opened the Communist Manifesto, expecting to find a blueprint for an ideal world scrawled out before them. However, very little was written by Karl Marx or his associates about the supposed nature of the future world. Instead, the focus of Marx’s writings was on the philosophical concepts he coined, dialectical and historical materialism. In essence, Marxism is an understanding of world history as being driven forward by a struggle to advance living standards, and achieve a higher mode of production.
Speaking at Valdai Discussion Club in October, Jack Ma harshly criticized those who responded to the birth of the internet with fear. He said “where other people worry, we figure out ways to solve the worry.” He reminded those of us in the audience of the many fears that accompanied the invention of the automobile. He says “If we have more imagination and creativity we will feel much better.”
At the time of the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, Marx’s perspective was the same. While criticizing capitalism, Marx hailed the birth of the industrial economy and the earthshaking social revolutions that destroyed feudalism. Marx saw the end of serfdom, and the birth of the industrial working class or the “proletariat,” preceded by huge breakthroughs in technology, as a tremendous leap forward.
Jack Ma did warn the audience about the potential danger associated with advances in technological progress. He went as far as to point out that the first and second world wars both followed technological leaps.
In “Capital” Marx laid out the understanding that the owners of factories and businesses are constantly seeking to revolutionize the means of production in order to produce goods more efficiently than ever before. However, in the process of making production cheaper and more efficient, the spending power of the workers is decreased. Eventually the abundance created by technological advances creates mass poverty. Marxists around the world described the political developments that eventually resulted in the two world wars as a response to the economic crisis, created by overproduction.
Yet, despite his ominous warning, Ma seems to point to a potentially different outcome for the computer revolution. In 1848, Marx pointed out that the industrial revolution reduced workers to being “an appendage of the machines.” In 2017, Jack Ma says “we made people like machines, now we make machines like people.”
Ma argues that education can be completely changed as humanity witnesses the birth of Data Technology (DT) to replace Informational Technology (IT). According to Ma, with the birth of DT what he calls the “stupid jobs” in which human beings are made to suppress their intelligence can be eliminated. In the new economy, human creativity must be unleashed to do what machines cannot do, because “a machine cannot have a soul.”
“Not G20, We Need G200”
Much like Karl Marx, Jack Ma is not an opponent of globalization. Contrarily, like Marx did in 1800s, Ma hails the rise of the global economy as a step forward, saying “where trade stops, the world stops.”
However, while Ma is not critical of globalization as a concept, he has spoken up against the lopsidedness of the world economy. Describing the unfair nature of the world market he said “20% of countries succeed, while 80% don’t have a chance.”
Here, Ma is directly opposing the narrative about globalization pushed by adherents of neoliberalism. The “global south” is not getting wealthier as a result of trade with Europe and the United States. Free market reforms, and penetration by the World Bank and the IMF are not “developing” the underdeveloped countries. Trade policies pushed by western leaders are not having the effect that figures like Milton Friedman and Jeffrey Sachs claimed they would.
With his words, Ma is echoing an understanding the world economy similar to that which was articulated by Vladimir Lenin prior to the Russian Revolution. This is a world view that understands that the richest countries of the world have rigged things in their favor, so they can remain the top 20%, enriching themselves as monopolies while the 80% remain poor and become poorer, as captive consumers. This was Lenin’s concept of “Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism.”
Ma doesn’t oppose globalization, but insists it must change its structure. In his words: “not G20, we need G200.” Ma’s words accompany a Chinese foreign policy, the “One Belt, One Road Initiative,” aimed at bringing impoverished countries out of poverty with infrastructure. As it continues to expand its presence across the underdeveloped world, China builds up its trading partners with high speed trains, hospitals, and educational programs. As these poor countries become richer, China becomes richer, with more of an economy to trade with. This model of “win-win” globalization, as opposed to corporate monopolism from London and Wall Street is a big contrast.
Ma argues that multipolarity should be welcomed, and that rather than facing off with each other, countries should work together to solve global problems. “The enemy should be poverty” he explained.
History Marches Forward, With or Without You
“The technology revolution is coming, no one can stop it!” Jack Ma warns his audiences. More than just be aware of history, Jack Ma is urging his audiences to actively be part of it, “Young people don’t just want to get informed, they want to get involved!”
In his ominous warning that technology is advancing, regardless of our fears, and society along with it, we are reminded of Mao Zedong’s groundbreaking essay “Report on the Peasant Movement in the Hunan Province.” In this essay, Mao warned that the peasantry of China were in revolt against the landlords, and that China’s communists should either join and lead them or else “be overtaken by it.” Mao wrote: “When the people are in motion, you can oppose them, you can follow behind them gesticulating and criticizing, or you can stand at their head.”
This heated polemic with the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership at the time contains many of Mao’s most well known quotations. Mao warned his readers that advances and explosions can be unpredictable saying “a single spark can light a prairie fire.”
When Mao Zedong wrote these words in 1926, with the same optimistic but cautious tone as Jack Ma projects today, China was a deeply impoverished, agrarian society. Today, lead by the political organization Mao Zedong built, it has become the second largest economy on earth.
“Friendly Environment for Business”
While one may expect a billionaire to think of himself as a “self-made man” and bemoan government interference in economic affairs, Ma’s perspective seems to be the opposite.
At the Valdai Discussion Club in Sochi, Ma praised the recent efforts of the Chinese Communist Party, when asked about its historic 19th National Congress which took place simultaneously in Beijing. He spoke of how the anti-corruption “Mass Line” campaign launched by Xi Jinping is a good development that has “helped clean the business environment” and worked to make China a “friendly environment for doing business”
Indeed, some whose understanding of Marxist ideology is simplistic may scoff at the idea that a billionaire like Jack Ma would have anything in common with it. The same people would laugh at the idea that China is socialist, when so many private corporations exist, and so many people have become wealthy.
But Deng Xiaoping famously said “poverty is not socialism, to get rich is glorious,” and these words simply echoed Marx’s understanding of historical materialism. History is advancing due to human innovation and brilliance, and yet, as capitalism has emerged, the irrational drive for profits has hindered the ability to march forward.
“Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” has evolved into an economy that has raised 700 million people out of poverty. In 21st Century China, each day another person becomes a millionaire. Yes, to get rich is glorious, but all this wealth in China has not been created by irrational greed and selfishness. China’s road toward greater wealth and prosperity has been society functioning in a disciplined manner, led by a strong political organization, which places increasing the prosperity for all the people, not just a wealthy few, at the top of the agenda.
Caleb Maupin is a political analyst and activist based in New York. He studied political science at Baldwin-Wallace College and was inspired and involved in the Occupy Wall Street movement, especially for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook”. | <urn:uuid:3873c0c8-213d-4142-81ff-0f2c3293a332> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journal-neo.org/2017/10/26/technology-the-marxism-of-jack-ma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.965805 | 1,933 | 2.484375 | 2 |
The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based Christian denomination. It is the world's largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States, with nearly 16 million members as of 2012. This also makes it the second largest Christian body in the United States, after the Catholic Church.
The word Southern in Southern Baptist Convention stems from its having been founded and rooted in the Southern United States. In 1845, members at a regional convention being held in Augusta, Georgia created the SBC, following a split from northern Baptists over the issue of forbidding churches in slaveholding states from sending missionaries to spread the gospel. After the American Civil War, another split occurred: most black Baptists in the South separated from white churches to set up independent congregations, regional associations, and state and national conventions, such as the National Baptist Convention, the second largest Baptist convention.
Since the 1940s, the SBC has moved away from some of its regional identification. Especially since the late twentieth century, the SBC has sought new members among minority groups and become much more diverse. In addition, while still heavily concentrated in the Southern US, the SBC has member churches across the United States and 41 affiliated state conventions. At its annual convention in 2012, the SBC unanimously elected as president Fred Luter Jr., the first African American to hold the position, which has a term of one year.
Southern Baptists emphasize the significance of the individual conversion experience, which is affirmed by the person having a total immersion in water for a believer's baptism. As a result, they reject the practice of infant baptism. SBC churches are evangelical in doctrine and practice. Specific beliefs based on biblical interpretation can vary somewhat due to the congregational governance system, which allows autonomy to individual local Baptist churches.
Other articles related to "baptist, southern, southern baptist convention, southern baptist, convention, southern baptists":
... Scots-Irish Presbyterians) Association of Reformed Baptist Churches of America Canadian and American Reformed Churches (Dutch Reformed - Liberated) Christian Reformed Church in North America (Dutch ... Presbyterian Church (1937 from the OPC) Presbyterian Church in America (1973 from the Southern PCUS) Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United ... Scottish Covenanters) Reformed Presbytery in North America (Scottish Covenanters) Southern Baptist Convention Although most churches in the Southern ...
... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) experienced an intense struggle for control of the resources and ideological direction of the now sixteen million member denomination. 1979, of conservative individuals to lead the Southern Baptist Convention ... of Southern Baptist seminaries, mission groups and other convention-owned institutions were replaced with conservatives ...
... During the 1971 Southern Baptist Convention, the delegates passed a resolution recognizing that "Christians in the American society today are faced with difficult decisions about abortion ... Barry Garrett wrote in the Baptist Press, "Religious liberty, human equality and justice are advanced by the Supreme Court Decision." Today, the ... The Southern Baptist Convention calls on Southern Baptists to work to change the laws in order to make abortion illegal in most cases ...
... Baptist Men on Mission, formally known as Brotherhood, BMEN is the mission organization for men in Southern Baptist Churches ... Baptist Press, the largest Christian news service in the country, was established by the SBC in 1946 ... called the Annuity Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, and founded in 1918 as the Relief Board of the Southern Baptist Convention) exists to provide insurance, retirement ...
... planned the political strategy to elect like-minded conservative/fundamentalist convention presidents and in turn members of SBC boards ... William Powell's contention that electing the president of the Southern Baptist Convention was the key to redirecting the entirety of the denomination ... to elect Adrian Rogers, pastor of Bellevue Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee, as the first Conservative Resurgence president of the convention ...
Famous quotes containing the words convention, southern and/or baptist:
“No good poetry is ever written in a manner twenty years old, for to write in such a manner shows conclusively that the writer thinks from books, convention and cliché, not from real life.”
—Ezra Pound (18851972)
“It was not a Southern watermelon that Eve took: we know it because she repented.”
—Mark Twain [Samuel Langhorne Clemens] (18351910)
“You should approach Joyces Ulysses as the illiterate Baptist preacher approaches the Old Testament: with faith.”
—William Faulkner (18971962) | <urn:uuid:882cd72a-ec36-4e1c-a9e5-720593bc5670> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.primidi.com/southern_baptist_convention | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94881 | 953 | 3.1875 | 3 |
2D Chamfer Fusion 360 – Another way
In the previous post, we discussed chamfering using the 2D Chamfer operation. Another way to do chamfers is to use 2D Contour operation.
From the 2D menu, select the 2D Contour operation. Select the chamfering tool. Go to the Geometry tab and select four circles.
Using the chamfer tool, you do not have to specify the milling depths in the Heights tab. It is enough that in the Bottom Height section, the Selected contour (s) option is selected in the From parameter. The milling depth will be calculated based on the parameters specified in the next tab.
Let’s go to the Passes tab. We see the Chamfer section there, with the parameters we learned in the chamfering operation – 2D Chamfer.
We can click OK to calculate the tool path or we can go to the Linking tab to specify the tool input and output.
One of the advantages of this solution is that we can perform chamfering with the helical entry. I use this solution when making chamfers in holes, especially with quite small diameters. It works quite well. Especially when in one operation, we chamfer holes of different diameters. Small, where the tool has little space, as well as large, where this helix is not necessary. Why so? Working with single parts, I care about the least possible operation for later editing. Often in such cases the programming time can be close to the machining time, or even longer. That is why the fewer places you can make the mistake the better.
In the case of series machining, such a chamfering process can be a waste of time. There, small holes would be chamfered (in most cases) by a drilling operation. In the case of serial machining it is worth spending more time over the program to make machining time shorter. | <urn:uuid:b8e5595f-8c91-4550-81eb-6ffa272529ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cadcamlessons.com/chamfering-fusion-360/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.887808 | 415 | 3.015625 | 3 |
USS Camp (DE 251)
Destroyer Escort of the Edsall class
|Navy||The US Navy|
|Built by||Brown Shipbuilding Co. (Houston, Texas, U.S.A.)|
|Ordered||18 Jan 1942|
|Laid down||27 Jan 1943|
|Launched||16 Apr 1943|
|Commissioned||16 Sep 1943|
Decommissioned 1 May 1946.
Commands listed for USS Camp (DE 251)
Please note that we're still working on this section.
|1||Preston Baker Mavor, USCG||16 Sep 1943||22 May 1944|
|2||Russell Randolph Waesche, Jr., USCG||22 May 1944|
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Please use this if you spot mistakes or want to improve this ships page.
As an Amazon Associate uboat.net earns a commission from qualifying purchases. | <urn:uuid:05b2da8c-57d1-4559-be20-ea5f03889237> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/1524.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.691604 | 259 | 1.570313 | 2 |
NEXT.cc is an eco web that develops ethical imagination and environmental stewardship. NEXT.cc introduces what design is, what design does, and why design is important. It offers activities across nine scales- nano, pattern, object, space, architecture, neighborhood, urban, region, and world. NEXT.cc’s journeys integrate museums, institutions and contemporary practices. NEXT.cc reaches young people, their teachers and their families with meaningful learning experiences that create positive influence on lives.
INSPIRE wonder of built and natural worlds
PROMOTE stewardship of the environment
ENABLE eco literacy and digital fluency through place based design projects
CONNECT classrooms in an eco-web community
NEXT.cc is a collaborative effort by principals, teachers, architects, artists and students. Founded as an educational non-profit in 2007(after 2002 and 2004 pilots) NEXT.cc researches and creates transdisciplinary journeys that engage local ideas with global practices. Participants move from the computer into the community and learn about themselves, their neighbors, and their friends as they engage history and culture of place and explore sustainable design possibilities. NEXT.cc delivers eco literacy and digital fluency changing STEM teaching to STEEAM (Science,Technology,Environment, Engineering, Art and Math).
NEXT.cc is partnered with Ace Mentors, Earth Day Network, National Environmental Education Foundation, Global Campaign For Climate Action, US Green Charter Schools, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Creative Divergents, the Smithsonian, Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum, Harvard Career Links Project, FutureLab’s InfoCow, UIA’s Architecture and Children Program, and the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. NEXT.cc workshops have reached over 3500 teachers and 15,000 students since the inception of the eco web.
Union of International Architects Architecture + Children Golden Cubes
USGBC Excellence in Green Building Education
American Architectural Foundation
National Endowment for the Arts | <urn:uuid:a52d054b-ace2-41e2-8b44-3874a9af11c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creativedivergents.com/2011/09/next-cc-ethical-imagination-eco-web/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.892466 | 421 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Our preclinical aims are to test the following hypotheses:
- Vessel wall thickening impairs oxygen delivery and promotes inflammation
- Loss of pericytes contributes to blood brain barrier opening and aggravates inflammation
- SVD is a consequence of suppression of glymphatic fluid transport
We will combine expertise in both in vivo and in vitro measures of brain oxygenation with advanced in vivo imaging of fluid transport to address these questions
The preclinical studies will be conducted by the teams at the University of Copenhagen, Yale University, University College London (UCL), laboratories in Paris: INSERM Charpak and INSERM Joutel, and the University of Southern California (USC). | <urn:uuid:d82722a7-29dd-484c-9d40-fa96eeeddaac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://small-vessel-disease.org/the-project/preclinical-studies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.868036 | 146 | 1.625 | 2 |
Public What Nutr. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. The Mediterranean diet is mediterranean plant-based pattern, where vegetables, fruits, cereals preferably as whole grain, nutrients, and nuts should be consumed in high amount and frequency. Journal List Nutrients v. Gluten sensitivity and psoriasis: What’s the connection? Diet F. However, when the association of the dietary patterns with their nutrient intake profiles was analyzed, differences arose, especially in relation keto diet rules vegetarians fat intake. Therefore, subjects with a higher lack for the MDP had a better nutrient profile, with a lower prevalence meiterranean individuals showing inadequate intakes of micronutrients Figure 3. Alberti A. The current recommendations from the AHA are 2 drinks per day for males and 1 drink per day for females. Medically you by Natalie Butler, R.
The Mediterranean dietary pattern, through a healthy profile of fat intake, low proportion of carbohydrate, low glycemic index, high content of dietary fiber, antioxidant compounds, and anti-inflammatory effects, reduces the risk of certain pathologies, such as cancer or Cardiovascular Disease CVD. Nutritional adequacy is the comparison between the nutrient requirement and the intake of a certain individual or population. In population groups, the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy can be assessed by the probability approach or using the Estimated Average Requirement EAR cut-point method. However, dietary patterns can also be used as they have moderate to good validity to assess adequate intakes of some nutrients. The objective of this study was to review the available evidence on the Nutritional Adequacy of the Mediterranean Diet. The inclusion of foods typical of the Mediterranean diet and greater adherence to this healthy pattern was related to a better nutrient profile, both in children and adults, with a lower prevalence of individuals showing inadequate intakes of micronutrients. Therefore, the Mediterranean diet could be used in public health nutrition policies in order to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in the most vulnerable population groups. The Mediterranean diet is known to be one of the healthiest dietary patterns [ 1 ]. The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based pattern, where vegetables, fruits, cereals preferably as whole grain, legumes, and nuts should be consumed in high amount and frequency.
People who scored high on the MDP were more likely to achieve adequate nutrient intakes of Zn, iodine, vitamin E, Mg, Fe, vitamin B1, vitamin A, Se, vitamin C, and folic acid, than those with a lower score. Healthy Eating Index scores are associated with blood nutrient concentrations in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Takes sweets and candy several times every day. Science and cultural updates. Recommendations used for the comparison will be country specific and evidence based. Authors found that the inclusion of foods typical of the Mediterranean Diet were strictly necessary to achieve French nutrient recommendations [ 54 ]. The shortest way to reach nutritional goals is to adopt Mediterranean food choices: Evidence from computer-generated personalized diets. | <urn:uuid:a0a66d28-d698-46a7-bd75-73317cbc040c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://umarlaud.eu/what-nutrients-do-you-lack-in-mediterranean-diet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920953 | 607 | 3.140625 | 3 |
This is the history of the State of Alabama, in the United States of America. Alabama became a state in 1819. After the Indian wars of the 1830's pushed Native Americans out of the state, white settlers arrived in large numbers. Wealthy planters created large cotton plantations based in the fertile central Black Belt, which depended on the labor of enslaved African Americans. Tens of thousands of slaves were transported and marketed in the state by slave traders who purchased them in the Upper South. Elsewhere in Alabama, poorer whites practiced subsistence farmers. By 1860 African Americans comprised 45% of the state's population of 964,201.
Alabama seceded and joined the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865. The slaves were freed in 1865. All of the population suffered economic losses and hardships as a result of the American Civil War, the ensuing agricultural depression, and the financial Panic of 1873. After a period of Reconstruction, Alabama emerged as a poor, largely rural state, still tied to cotton. Whites used legal means and harassment to re-establish political and social dominance over the recently emancipated African Americans.
To escape the inequities of disfranchisement, segregation and underfunded schools, thousands of African Americans joined the Great Migration of the early 20th c. and moved to better opportunities in northern industrial cities. So many left that the state's rate of population growth dropped nearly by half from 1910 to 1920.
Politically, the state continued as one-party Democratic for years, and produced a number of national leaders. World War II brought prosperity. Cotton faded in importance as the state developed a manufacturing and service base. After 1980, the state became a Republican stronghold in presidential elections, and leaned Republican in statewide elections, while the Democratic Party still dominates local and legislative offices.
It is possible that a member of Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition of 1528 entered what is now southern Alabama, but the first fully documented visit was that of Hernando de Soto, who made an arduous but fruitless journey along the Coosa, Alabama and Tombigbee rivers in 1539.
The English also claimed the region north of the Gulf of Mexico. The territory of modern Alabama was included in the Province of Carolina, granted by Charles II of England to certain of his favorites by the charters of 1663 and 1665. English traders from Carolina were frequenting the valley of the Alabama river as early as 1687.
The French also colonized the region. In 1702 a French settlement was founded on the Mobile River, including Fort Louis, which for the next nine years was the seat of government of Louisiana. In 1711, Fort Louis was abandoned to the floods of the river, and on higher ground was built Fort Conde, in the present city of Mobile. This was the first permanent European settlement in Alabama. The French and the English contested the region, each attempting to forge strong alliances with Indian tribes. To strengthen their position, defend their Indian allies, and draw other tribes to them, the French established the military posts of Fort Toulouse, near the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and Fort Tombecbe on the Tombigbee River.
The grant of Georgia to Oglethorpe and his associates in 1732 included a portion of what is now northern Alabama. In 1739, Oglethorpe himself visited the Creek Indians west of the Chattahoochee River and made a treaty with them.
The 1763 Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian War, terminated the French occupation of Alabama. Great Britain came into undisputed control of the region between the Chattahoochee and the Mississippi Rivers. The portion of Alabama below the 31st parallel then became a part of West Florida, and the portion north of this line a part of the Illinois Country," set apart, by royal proclamation, for the use of the Indians. In 1767, the province of West Florida was extended northward to 32 degrees 28 minutes north latitude. A few years later, during the American Revolutionary War, this region fell into the hands of Spain.
By the Treaty of Versailles, September 3, Great Britain ceded West Florida to Spain; but by the Treaty of Paris, signed the same day, Britain ceded to the United States all of this province north of 31 degrees, thus laying the foundation for a long controversy.
By the Treaty of Madrid, in 1795, Spain ceded to the United States the lands east of the Mississippi between 31 degrees and 32 degrees 28 minutes. Three years later, in 1798, Congress organized this district as Mississippi Territory. A strip of land 12 or 14 miles wide near the present northern boundary of Alabama and Mississippi was claimed by South Carolina, but in 1787 that state ceded this claim to the federal government. Georgia likewise claimed all the lands between the 31st and 35th parallels from its present western boundary to the Mississippi river, and did not surrender its claim until 1802. Two years later, the boundaries of Mississippi Territory were extended so as to include all of the Georgia cession.
In 1812, Congress added the Mobile District of West Florida to the Mississippi Territory, claiming that it was included in the Louisiana Purchase. The following year, General James Wilkinson occupied the Mobile District with a military force. The Spanish did not resist. Thus the whole area of the present state of Alabama was then under the jurisdiction of the United States, although Indians still owned most of the land by treaty and occupation.
In 1817, the Mississippi Territory was divided; the western portion became the state of Mississippi, and the eastern portion became the Alabama Territory, with St. Stephens, on the Tombigbee River, as the temporary seat of government.
Conflict between the Indians of Alabama and American settlers increased rapidly in the early 19th century. The great Shawnee chief Tecumseh visited the region in 1811, seeking to forge an Indian alliance of resistance from the Gulf of Mexico to the Great Lakes. With the outbreak of the War of 1812, Britain encouraged Tecumseh's resistance movement. Several tribes were divided in opinion. The Creek tribe fell to civil war. Violence between Creeks and Americans escalated, culminating in the Fort Mims massacre. Full-scale war between the United States and the "Red Stick" Creeks began, known as the Creek War. The Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, and other Creek factions remained neutral or allied to the United States, some serving with American troops. Volunteer militias from Georgia, South Carolina, and Tennessee marched into Alabama, fighting the Red Sticks. Later, federal troops became the main fighting force for the United States. General Andrew Jackson was the commander of the American forces during the Creek War and later against the British. His leadership and military success during the wars made him a national hero. The treaty of Fort Jackson (August 9, 1814), ended the Creek War. By the terms of the treaty the Creeks, Red Sticks and neutrals alike, ceded about one-half of the present state of Alabama. Later cessions by the Cherokee, Chickasaw, and Choctaw in 1816 left only about a quarter of Alabama to the Indians.
The sudden extinguishment of Indian title to large areas of land, coupled with the development of new cotton hybrids that could be grown in Alabama, fueled a rush of settlement and development that became known as "Alabama Fever".
In 1819, Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state to the Union.
One of the first problems of the new commonwealth was that of finance. Since the amount of money in circulation was not sufficient to meet the demands of the increasing population, a system of state banks was instituted. State bonds were issued and public lands were sold to secure capital, and the notes of the banks, loaned on security, became a medium of exchange. Prospects of an income from the banks led the legislature of 1836 to abolish all taxation for state purposes. This was hardly done, however, before the Panic of 1837 wiped out a large portion of the banks' assets. Next came revelations of grossly careless and even of corrupt management, and in 1843 the banks were placed in liquidation. After disposing of all their available assets, the state assumed the remaining liabilities, for which it had pledged its faith and credit.
In 1830 the Indian Removal Act set in motion the process that resulted in the Indian Removal of southeastern tribes, including the Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole. In 1832, the national government provided for the removal of the Creeks via the Treaty of Cusseta. Before the actual removal occurred between 1834 and 1837, the state legislature formed the Indian lands into counties, and settlers flocked in.
The state's prosperity grew with the development of large cotton plantations in the Black Belt, whose owners' wealth depended on the labor of enslaved African Americans. In other parts of the state, the soil supported only subsistence farming. Most of these farmers owned few or no slaves. By 1860 the success of cotton production led to planters holding 435,000 enslaved African Americans, 45% of the state's population.
These early Alabama settlers were noted for their spirit of frontier democracy and egalitarianism, and their fierce defense of the republican values of civic virtue and opposition to corruption. J. Mills Thornton (1978) argues that Whigs argued for positive state action to benefit society as a whole while the Democrats feared any increase of power in government or in such private institutions as state-chartered banks, railroads, and corporations. Fierce political battles raged in Alabama on issues ranging from banking to the removal of the Creek Indians. Thornton suggested there was one overarching issue in the state's politics: how to protect liberty and equality for white people. Fears that Northern agitators threatened their value system angered the voters and made them ready to secede when Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 (Thornton 1978).
Until 1832, there was only one party in the state, the Democratic, but the question of nullification caused a division that year into the (Jackson) Democratic party and the State's Rights (Calhoun Democratic) party; about the same time an opposition party emerged, the Whig party. It drew support from plantation owners and townsmen, while the Democrats were strongest among poor farmers and Catholics in the Mobile area. For some time, the Whigs were almost as numerous as the Democrats, but they never secured control of the state government. The State's Rights faction were in a minority; nevertheless under their active and persistent leader, William L. Yancey (1814-1863), they prevailed upon the Democrats in 1848 to adopt their most radical views. During the agitation over the Wilmot Proviso which would bar slavery from territory acquired from Mexico, Yancey induced the Democratic State Convention of 1848 to adopt what is known as the "Alabama Platform." It declared that neither Congress nor the government of a territory had the right to interfere with slavery in a territory, that those who held opposite views were not Democrats, and that the Democrats of Alabama would not support a candidate for the presidency if he did not agree with them on these questions. This platform was endorsed by conventions in Florida and Virginia and by the legislatures of Georgia and Alabama. Old party lines were broken by the Compromise of 1850. The State's Rights faction, joined by many Democrats, founded the Southern Rights Party, which demanded the repeal of the Compromise, advocated resistance to future encroachments and prepared for secession, while the Whigs, joined by the remaining Democrats, formed the party known as the "Unionists," which unwillingly accepted the Compromise and denied the "constitutional" right of secession.
Secession and Civil War, 1861-1865
The "Unionists" were successful in the elections of 1851 and 1852. Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and uncertainty about agitation against slavery led the State Democratic convention of 1856 to revive the "Alabama Platform". When Democratic National convention at Charleston failed to approve the "Alabama Platform" in 1860, the Alabama delegates, followed by those of the other cotton "states," withdrew. Upon the election of Abraham Lincoln, Governor Andrew B. Moore, as previously instructed by the legislature, called a state convention. Many prominent men had opposed secession. In North Alabama, there was an attempt to organize a neutral state to be called Nickajack. With President Lincoln's call to arms, most opposition to secession ended.
On January 11 1861 The State of Alabama adopted the ordinances of secession from the Union (by a vote of 61-39). Until February 18 1861 Alabama was informally called the Alabama Republic. It never changed its formal name which always has been "State of Alabama."
Governor Moore energetically supported the Confederate war effort. Even before hostilities began, he seized Federal facilities, sent agents to buy rifles in the Northeast, and scoured the state for weapons. Despite some resistance in the northern part of the state, Alabama joined the Confederate States of America. Congressman Williamson R. W. Cobb was a Unionist and pleaded for compromise. When he ran for the Confederate congress in 1861, he was defeated. (In 1863, with war weariness growing in Alabama, he was elected on a wave of antiwar sentiment.) The new nation brushed Cobb aside and set up its temporary capital in Montgomery and selected Jefferson Davis as president. In May, the Confederate government abandoned Montgomery before the sickly season began, and relocated in Richmond. Virginia.
Some idea of the severe internal logistics problems the Confederacy faced can be seen by tracing Davis's journey from Mississippi, the next state over. From his plantation on the river, he took a steamboat down the Mississippi to Vicksburg, boarded a train to Jackson, where he took another train north to Grand Junction, then a third train east to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and a fourth train to Atlanta, Georgia. Yet another train took Davis to the Alabama border, where a final train took him to Montgomery. As the war proceeded, the Federals seized the Mississippi River, burned trestles and railroad bridges, and tore up track. The frail Confederate railroad system faltered and virtually collapsed for want of repairs and replacement parts.
In the early part of the Civil War, Alabama was not the scene of military operations, yet the state contributed about 120,000 men to the Confederate service, practically all the white population capable of bearing arms. Most were recruited locally and served with men they knew, which built esprit and strengthened ties to home. Medical conditions were severe. About 15% of fatalities were from disease, more than the 10% from battle. Alabama had few well-equipped hospitals, but it had many women who volunteered to nurse the sick and wounded. Soldiers were poorly equipped, especially after 1863. Often they pillaged the dead for boots, belts, canteens, blankets, hats, shirts and pants. Uncounted thousands of slaves worked with Confederate troops; they took care of horses and equipment, cooked and did laundry, hauled supplies, and helped in field hospitals. Other slaves built defensive installations, especially those around Mobile. They graded roads, repaired railroads, drove supply wagons, and labored in iron mines, iron foundries and even in the munitions factories. The service of slaves was involuntary: their unpaid labor was impressed from their unpaid masters. About 10,000 slaves escaped and joined the Union army, along with 2,700 white men.
Thirty-nine Alabamians attained flag rank, most notably Lieutenant General James Longstreet and Admiral Raphael Semmes. Josiah Gorgas who came to Alabama from Pennsylvania, was the chief of ordnance for the Confederacy. He located new munitions plants in Selma, which employed 10,000 workers until the Union raiders in 1865 burned the factories down. Selma Arsenal made most of the Confederacy's ammunition. The Selma Naval Ordnance Works made artillery, turning out a cannon every five days. The Confederate Naval Yard built ships and was noted for launching the CSS Tennessee in 1863 to defend Mobile Bay. Selma's Confederate Nitre Works procured niter, for gunpowder, from limestone caves. When supplies were low, it advertised for housewives to save the contents of their chamber pots--urine, a rich source of nitrogen.
Alabama soldiers fought in hundreds of battles; the state's losses at Gettysburg were 1,750 dead plus even more captured or wounded; the famed "Alabama Brigade" took 781 casualties. In 1863, the Federal forces secured a foothold in northern Alabama in spite of the opposition of General Nathan B. Forrest. From 1861, the federal blockade shut Mobile, and, in 1864, the outer defenses of Mobile were taken by a Federal fleet; the city itself held out until April 1865. [Rogers, ch 12]
According to the presidential plan of reorganization, a provisional governor for Alabama was appointed in June 1865. A state convention met in September of the same year, and declared the ordinance of secession null and void and slavery abolished. A legislature and a governor were elected in November, and the legislature was at once recognized by President Andrew Johnson, but not by Congress, which refused to seat the delegation. Johnson ordered the Army to allow the inauguration of the governor after the legislature ratified the thirteenth amendment in December, 1865. But the passage, by the legislature, of Black Codes or vagrancy and apprenticeship laws designed to control the Freedmen who were flocking from the plantations to the towns, and its rejection of the fourteenth amendment, intensified the congressional hostility to the presidential plan.
In 1867, the congressional plan of Reconstruction was completed and Alabama was placed under military government. The Freedmen were now enrolled as voters and large numbers of white citizens were disfranchised. The new Republican party, comprised of Freedmen, Scalawags and Carpetbaggers now took control, two years after the war ended. A constitutional convention, controlled by this element, met in November 1867, and framed a constitution which conferred universal manhood suffrage. Whites who had fought for the Confederacy were disfranchised. The Reconstruction Acts of Congress required every new constitution to be ratified by a majority of the legal voters of the state. The whites of Alabama largely stayed away from the polls, and, after five days of voting, the constitution needed 13,550 to secure a majority. Congress then enacted that a majority of the votes cast should be sufficient. Thus the constitution went into effect, the state was readmitted to the Union in June 1868, and a new governor and legislature were elected.
The next two years are notable for legislative extravagance and corruption, according to white Alabamians. The state endorsed railway bonds at the rate of $12,000 and $16,000 a mile until the state debt had increased from eight million to seventeen million dollars, and similar corruption characterized local government. The native white people united, formed a Conservative party and elected a governor and a majority of the lower house of the legislature in 1870; but, as the new administration was largely a failure, in 1872, there was a reaction in favor of the Radicals, a local term applied to the Republican party. In 1874, however, the power of the Radicals was finally broken, as the Conservative Democrats elected all state officials. A commission appointed to examine the state debt found it to be $25,503,000; by compromise, it was reduced to $15,000,000. A new constitution was adopted in 1875, which omitted the guarantee of the previous constitution that no one should be denied suffrage on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude, and forbade the state to engage in internal improvements or to give its credit to any private enterprise.
After 1874, the Democratic party had constant control of the state administration. The Republicans were by now largely a party supported by African Americans. It held no local or state offices, but did have some federal patronage. It failed to make nominations for office in 1878 and 1880 and endorsed the ticket of the Greenback party in 1882. The development of mining and manufacturing was accompanied by economic distress among the farming classes, which found expression in the Jeffersonian Democratic party, organized in 1892. The regular Democratic ticket was elected and the new party was then merged into the Populist party. In 1894, the Republicans united with the Populists, elected three congressional representatives, secured control of many of the counties, but failed to carry the state. They continued their opposition with less success in the next campaigns. Partisanship became intense, and Democratic charges of corruption of the Black electorate were matched by Republican and Populist accusations of fraud and violence by Democrats. Despite opposition by Republicans and Populists, Democrats completed their dominance with a new constitution that restricted suffrage and effectively disfranchised African Americans in 1901.
Origins of New South 1876-1914
Birmingham was founded on June 1, 1871 by real estate promoters who sold lots near the planned crossing of the Alabama & Chattanooga and South & North railroads. The site of the railroad crossing was notable for the nearby deposits of iron ore, coal, and limestone-the three principal raw materials used in making steel. Its founders adopted the name of England's principle industrial city to advertise the new city as a center of iron and steel production. Despite outbreaks of cholera, the population of 'Pittsburgh of the South' grew from 38,000 to 132,000 from 1900 to 1910. Chemical and structural constraints limited the quality of steel produced from Alabama’s iron and coal. These materials did, however, combine to make ideal foundry iron, and, because of low transportation and labor costs, Birmingham quickly became the largest and cheapest foundry iron producing area. By 1915 twenty-five percent of the nation’s foundry pig iron was produced in Bimingham.
New South Alabama, 1914-1945
Feldman (1999) has shown that the Second KKK was not a mere hate group; it showed a genuine desire for political and social reform. Alabama Klansmen were among the foremost advocates of better public schools, effective prohibition enforcement, expanded road construction, and other "progressive" measures, benefiting poor whites. By 1925, the Klan was a powerful political force in the state, as powerful figures like J. Thomas Heflin, David Bibb Graves, and Hugo Black manipulated the KKK membership against the power of the "Big Mule" industrialists and Black Belt planters who had long dominated the state. - - In 1926, Bibb Graves, a former chapter head, won the governor's office with KKK members' support. He led one of the most progressive administrations in the state's history, pushing for increased education funding, better public health, new highway construction, and pro-labor legislation. At the same time, KKK vigilantes---thinking they enjoyed governmental protection--launched a wave of physical terror across Alabama in 1927, targeting both blacks and whites. The conservative elite counterattacked. The major newspapers kept up a steady, loud attack on the Klan as violent and unAmerican. Sheriffs cracked down on Klan violence. The counterattack worked. The state voted for Al Smith in 1928, and the Klan's official membership plunged to under six thousand by 1930.
- Rogers, William Warren, Robert David Ward, Leah Rawls Atkins, and Wayne Flynt. Alabama: The History of a Deep South State (1994)
- Flynt, Wayne. Alabama in the Twentieth Century (2004)
- Flynt, J. Wayne. "Alabama." in Religion in the Southern States: A Historical Study, edited by Samuel S. Hill. 1983
- Flynt, J. Wayne. Poor But Proud: Alabama's Poor Whites 1989.
- Flynt, J. Wayne. Alabama Baptists: Southern Baptists in the Heart of Dixie (1998)
- Holley, Howard L. A History of Medicine in Alabama. 1982.
- Owen Thomas M. History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography 4 vols. 1921.
- Jackson, Harvey H. Inside Alabama: A Personal History of My State (2004)
- Thomas, Mary Martha. Stepping out of the Shadows: Alabama Women, 1819-1990 (1995)
- Williams, Benjamin Buford. A Literary History of Alabama: The Nineteenth Century 1979.
- WPA. Guide to Alabama (1939)
- Abernethy, Thomas Perkins The Formative Period in Alabama, 1815-1828. reprint 1965.
- Barney, William L. The Secessionist Impulse: Alabama and Mississippi in 1860. 1974.
- Bethel, Elizabeth . "The Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama," Journal of Southern History Vol. 14, No. 1, Feb., 1948 pp. 49-92 online at JSTOR
- Bond, Horace Mann. “Social and Economic Forces in Alabama Reconstruction.” Journal of Negro History 23 (1938): 29 online at JSTOR
- Dupre, Daniel. "Ambivalent Capitalists on the Cotton Frontier: Settlement and Development in the Tennessee Valley of Alabama." Journal of Southern History 56 (May 1990): 215-40. Online at JSTOR
- Fitzgerald, Michael R. Urban Emancipation: Popular Politics in Reconstruction Mobile, 1860–1890. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002. 301 pp. ISBN 0-8071-2837-6.)
- Fitzgerald, Michael R. "Radical Republicanism and the White Yeomanry During Alabama Reconstruction, 1865-1868." Journal of Southern History 54 ( November 1988): 565-96. Online at JSTOR
- Fleming, Walter L. Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama 1905. the most detailed study; Dunning School
- Going, Allen J. Bourbon Democracy in Alabama, 1874-1890. 1951.
- Hamilton, Peter Joseph. The Reconstruction Period (1906), full length history of era; Dunning School approach; 570 pp; ch 12 on Alabama
- Jordan, Weymouth T. Ante-Bellum Alabama: Town and Country. 1957.
- Kolchin, Peter. First Freedom: The Response of Alabama Blacks to Emancipation and Reconstruction. 1972.
- McWhiney, Grady. "Were the Whigs a Class Party in Alabama?" Journal of Southern History 23 (1957): 510-22. Online at JSTOR
- Rogers, William Warren. The One-Gallused Rebellion; Agrarianism in Alabama, 1865-1896 1970.
- Sellers, James B. Slavery in Alabama 1950.
- Sterkx, Henry Eugene. Partners in Rebellion: Alabama Women in the Civil War 1970.
- Thornton, J. Mills III. Politics and Power in a Slave Society: Alabama, 1800-1860 1978.
- Wiener, Jonathan M. Social Origins of the New South; Alabama, 1860-1885. 1978.
- Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk. The Scalawag in Alabama Politics, 1865-1881 (1991)
- Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk. "Alabama: Democratic Bulldozing and Republican Folly." in Reconstruction and Redemption in the South, edited by Otto H. Olson. 1980.
- Barnard, William D. Dixiecrats and Democrats: Alabama Politics, 1942-1950 (1974)
- Bond, Horace Mann. Negro Education in Alabama: A Study in Cotton and Steel 1939.
- Brownell, Blaine A. "Birmingham, Alabama: New South City in the 1920s." Journal of Southern History 38 (1972): 21-48. Online at JSTOR
- Feldman, Glenn. Politics, Society, and the Klan in Alabama, 1915-1949 (1999)
- Frady, Marshall. Wallace: The Classic Portrait of Alabama Governor George Wallace (1996)
- Grafton, Carl, and Anne Permaloff. Big Mules and Branchheads: James E. Folsom and Political Power in Alabama 1985.
- Hackney, Sheldon. Populism to Progressivism in Alabama 1969.
- Hamilton, Virginia. Lister Hill: Statesman from the South 1987.
- Harris, Carl V. Political Power in Birmingham, 1871-1921 1977.
- Key, V. O., Jr. Southern Politics in State and Nation. 1949.
- Lesher, Stephan. George Wallace: American Populist (1995)
- Norrell, Robert J. "Caste in Steel: Jim Crow Careers in Birmingham, Alabama." Journal of American History 73 (December 1986): 669-94. Online at JSTOR
- Norrell, Robert J. "Labor at the Ballot Box: Alabama Politics from the New Deal to the Dixiecrat Movement." Journal of Southern History 57 (May 1991): 201-34. Online at JSTOR
- Sellers, James B. The Prohibition Movement in Alabama, 1702-1943 1943.
- Thomas, Mary Martha. The New Women in Alabama: Social Reform and Suffrage, 1890-1920 1992.
- Thomas, Mary Martha. Riveting and Rationing in Dixie: Alabama Women and the Second World War (1987)
- Baldwin, Joseph Glover The Flush Times of Alabama and Mississippi (1853)
- Beidler, Philip D., ed. The Art of Fiction in the Heart of Dixie: An Anthology of Alabama Writers 1986.
- Griffith, Lucille, ed. Alabama: A Documentary History to 1900 1968.
- McMillan, Malcolm Cook The Alabama Confederate Reader 1963.
- Alabama Archives
|This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at History of Alabama. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.| | <urn:uuid:8a83b458-65bc-47ae-809c-dd6ac51c524a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://familypedia.fandom.com/wiki/History_of_Alabama | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951673 | 6,215 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Welch ProBoost Air-Cooled Diffusion Pump
Welch ProBoost is an air cooled gas jet pump (commonly called a diffusion pump). The gas jet is formed by directing boiling silicone vapors through a hollow cone. There are no internal moving parts. The pumping action commences when the vacuum pressure in the still (i.e. wiped film) goes below 0.2 torr (200 millitorr). On an empty, leak free still, ProBoost backed by a rotary vane pump lowers the vacuum pressure to 0.00002 torr (20x lower in pressure than a 2-stage rotary vane vacuum pump can do alone).
ProBoost backed by a rotary vane vacuum pump will lower vacuum pressure to below 0.0001 torr in high vacuum and Schlenk lines. This high vacuum is invaluable to improve the results from reactions using air-sensitive compounds such as organometallics, metal amides, and hydrides.
ProBoost has a built-in control board for fan and heater. When you turn on ProBoost, the fan and heater both turn on. When you turn off ProBoost, the heater turns off immediately and the fan runs for another 20 minutes to cool the pump.
It has unique features such as:
- High Vacuum to 10⁻⁵ torr
- Use with high vacuum and Schlenk lines
- Employs air cooled diffusion pump
- Easy Attachment to backing pump
MSE Supplies is an authorized distributor of Welch vacuum pumps.
|Maximum Pumping Speed, Air||80 l/sec|
|Ultimate Vacuum Pressure||0.00002 torr|
|Minimum Back Pump FAD at 60 Hz||2.8 CFM|
|Maximum Discharge Pressure||0.2 torr|
|Ambient Environmental Temp||10–30°C|
|Heat-up time||7 minutes|
|Silicone Oil Capacity||Approximately 30 ml|
|Cool Down Time||20 minutes|
|Pump Dimensions, L x W x H||5.5 x 5.4 x 7.5 in|
|Weight||5.6 lbs (2.5 kg)|
|Shipping Dimensions, L x W x H||13 x 10 x 10 in|
|Shipping Weight||10 lbs (4.54 kg)|
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[Python-Dev] Parrot -- should life imitate satire?
Samuele Pedroni <email@example.com>
Wed, 1 Aug 2001 21:03:33 +0200 (MET DST)
> The point is to put the commonly called things in the vtable in a way that
> you can avoid as much conditional code as possible, while less common
> things get dealt with in ways you'd generally expect. (Dynamic lookups with
> caching and suchlike things)
If I'm right, you're designing a object-based VM. I don't how
typical is OO programming in Perl, but in Python that plays a central role,
if your long run goal is to compile to native code you should have
a "hard-wired" concept of classes and them like, because an operation
like getting the class of an instance should be as direct and fast as possible
if you want to use any of the "nice" optimization for a VM for a OO dynamic
inline polymorphic caches
or if/when possible: direct inlining.
If any of the high-level OO system can not be used, you have to choose
a lower level one and map these to it,
a vtable bytecode mapping model is too underspecified.
regards, Samuele Pedroni. | <urn:uuid:e79a7c3f-49f7-4fb4-b579-80913c7c12fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2001-August/016592.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926858 | 310 | 1.8125 | 2 |
A berdan primer is a type of powder that is used in rifle ammunition. It is a blend of lead and berdan powder. The berdan primer is used to ensure that the rounds will detonate on impact.
Where can I find a Berdan rifle?
The Berdan rifle is a unique firearm that requires specific instruction and equipment to be successful. However, some reputable dealerships and firearms stores may be able to offer Berdan rifles for sale, as well as online retailers.
Additionally, many Berdan rifle enthusiasts maintain online message boards and forums where they can share their experiences and lessons learned with other firearms enthusiasts.
What is a berdan rifle?
A berdan rifle is a type of rifle that uses a Berdan ammunition. Berdan ammunition is a type of cast-iron round that has been treated with a gas-fired charge that creates a detonating detonator. The round is then ignited by a match and the heat of the explosion causes the round to detonate.
What Ammo Uses Berdan Primers?
Berdan primers are used in firearms to create a projectile that is fueled by powder andrapnel. They are also used in reloading and artillery. Berdan primers are also the most commonly used primer in the U.S. military.
How Do I Choose The Right Primer?
There are a few things to consider when choosing a primer. The first is the type of primer. Many people prefer to use a primer to help protect their skin from the sun and pollution, while others find that they need less primer to achieve a similar result.
Some people also prefer a more matte finish, while others find that a more shiney primer leads to a more radiant complexion. Ultimately, the best primer for your skin type will be the one that fits your needs and is comfortable to use.
Another consideration is the price. Some primers are affordable while others can be more expensive. However, all of the primers we have reviewed are affordable, so it is worth trying them out to see which one works best for you.
What Do Berdan Primers Look Like?
Berdan primers are a type of ammunition that is used to fire a rifle or shotgun. They are a type of primer that is placed in the cartridge case before the propellant gas is used to fire the projectile. The Berdan primer is also used to ignite the propellant gas in a shotgun or rifle.
Are Berdan Primers Corrosive?
It depends on the specific Berdan primer being used. Generally speaking, Berdan primers are not corrosive, but it is always best to be safety conscious when using any new product. Always use aseptic techniques when cleaning and testing primers, and always wear gloves when handling primers.
How Many Coats Of Primer Do I Need?
It depends on personal preference. However, some people prefer to use one or two coats of primer to help prevent the paint from lifting and causing the surface to look less smooth.
Others may not need any primer at all and simply enjoy the look and feel of a well-maintained paint job. Ultimately, it is up to the individual to decide what works best for them.
What Are The Two Types Of Primers?
There are two types of primers: those that are used in combination with other chemicals to create a PCR reaction and those that are used alone to create a PCR reaction.
Are Berdan Primers Hard?
Yes, Berdan primers are hard.
What is a berdan cartridge?
A Berdan cartridge is an American-made ammunition type. It is a type of round that is designed to fire a shot that is made of a composition that is poisonous to mammals, such as lead, nicotine, and arsenic.
What Does Berdan Mean?
Beredan is a Hebrew word meaning “to beat or to cause to beat.” This word is used in the Bible to describe the beating of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.
What Is The Difference Between Boxer And Berdan Primers?
The two types of primer are boxer and Berdan. Boxing primer is a type of primer that is used to coat the inside of a bullet. Berdan primer is a type of primer that is used to fire a rifle.
What is a berdan ammunition?
Berdan ammunition is a type of ammunition that is made from a mixture of Berdan and Winchester rounds. Berdan ammunition is often used in shotguns, handguns, and rifles.
Does It Matter What Kind Of Primer You Use?
It depends on personal preference and the specific needs of the person. However, some general tips on using primers include: using a primer that is long-lasting and durable, using a primer that is water-resistant, using a primer that is specific to the type of skin you are using, and using a primer that is safe for your skin.
Is Berdan Primed Ammo Reloadable?
Yes, Berdan primers can be reloaded. Primers can be reloaded by using a die that is specifically designed for reloading Berdan primers, or by using a reloading tool such as a die-grinder or belt sander.
How Do Centerfire Primers Work?
Centerfire primers work by using powder to form a round projectile. The round projectile is then fired from the firearm by pressing the powder down into the bullet hole.
This causes the bullet to spiraling down the barrel and into the barrel’s chamber. The bullet then travels at a high speed and impact with the chamber wall, causing the bullet to fragmentation and detonate.
How Do Primers Work Ammunition?
Primers are tiny, plastic pieces that are put into the barrel of a gun to help make the rounds go into the gun easier. They work by pushing the round into the barrel more easily and prevent the round from jamming.
How Long Can You Keep Ammunition?
The answer to this question depends on what type of ammunition you are using. When using rimfire ammunition, the maximum amount of time you can keep the ammunition is five years. With centerfire ammunition, the maximum amount of time you can keep the ammunition is 10 years.
What Is A Boxed Primer?
A boxed primer is a product that is typically used to apply foundation or lipstick. It is a small, white, plastic, or metal box that contains a powder orliquid. The box is shaped like a V and has a hole in the center. The primer is put into the hole and the primer is put into the skin.
Is Tula Good Ammo?
There is a lot of different Tula ammo options available. Some people may prefer certain types of ammo over others, so it is important to do your own research before making a purchase.
Some of the common options for Tula ammo include Federal, Winchester, and Remington ammo. Each of these ammo brands has its own strengths and weaknesses, so it is important to make a decision based on your specific needs. For example, Federal ammo is known for being reliable, while Winchester ammo is known for its high-quality shooting performance.
What Does Berdan Primed Ammo Mean?
Berdan primed ammo is a type of ammunition that has been treated with a primer that is specifically designed to detonate when the round is fired.
This detonation causes the ammunition to detonate prematurely in the firearm’s magazine, making it less likely to cause injury or damage.
What is a berdan rifle company?
A berdan rifle company is a battalion-sized unit of the infantry. Berdan rifles are the most common type of rifle used in the infantry and are the most commonly used in NATO. They are also the most popular rifle in the world.
What is a Berdan ammunition company?
A Berdan ammunition company is a company that manufactures ammunition for firearms.
Are Cci Boxer Primers?
Yes, Cci Boxer primers are effective at holding onto the color of your hair, which can make it easier to achieve a desired hairstyle.
What Are Fort Smith Primers?
Fort Smith primers are a type of vaccine that helps protect people from the flu. They are usually given as a shot in the arm. | <urn:uuid:4f9b73cc-5e37-4ee6-8fb5-f02f583bcd2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://frugalentrepreneur.com/what-is-a-berdan-primer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.925821 | 1,699 | 2.109375 | 2 |
We are far from being in the post covid-19 world. And since the pandemic we are far more than aware of the cleaning methods, cleaning resources and chemical supplier Malaysia has to offer for cleaning of various surfaces.
All of the cleaning supplies and methods have their unique and distinctive differences. A specialist can tell you all there is to know about cleaning specific surfaces of your home, office spaces, and even the roads. It is important to keep our surroundings clean for the sake of our health, especially given the pandemic.
Our environment and surrounding are full of contaminations and germs. Some of them are visible to the naked eye while most certainly not. Some can be killed by several cleaning tools but some need an extra portion to properly decontaminate. Germs are responsible for many diseases and they are everywhere.
Researchers, doctors, and scientists suggest that washing hands is our biggest defense against the gazillions of germs around us. But sometimes simply washing our hands is not enough. You need some sanitization and disinfection in your surroundings.
Many interchanges the words sanitize and disinfect. Even when disinfecting, we commonly refer to it as sanitizing. So with the common interchange, do you understand the difference?
What’s the difference between the two?
No cleaner is fully capable of completely destroying all of the germs. Germs will stick around us even after proper sanitization. Sanitization is a process of cleaning that significantly lowers the number of germs on the surfaces, kitchen tops, hands, and even door knobs. It is important to take note that sanitizers do not hundred percent destroy all of the germs, but only lowers. But even the lowering is very important.
Sanitization is usually reserved for much less strenuous work compared to disinfectant work. When we want to get rid of bacteria and germs off our laundry, we use a sanitizer. When we want to properly get rid of the germs on our hands, we use sanitizers.
When the covid 19 broke out in the beginning, we saw an extreme shortage of sanitizers in various parts of the globe. Pharmacies were out of sanitization cleaners and hand sanitizers. They were also out of sanitizing wipes and so many other forms of sanitation. The shortage took the world by a bizarre hand and the disruption in shipping also took another massive change of course. Many understood the importance of sanitization in their homes, and of themselves.
Disinfection is also much like sanitization aimed to lower contamination and spreading of germs. But unlike sanitizers, they are aimed to kill the bacteria completely. Disinfecting products mostly contain harsh chemicals that are not suitable for our skin or much delicate areas of our home and office. It is important to be careful of where we place disinfectants. They are certainly effective at their job but they can be extremely harsh.
Disinfectants can be used on objects and surfaces that we commonly use. For instance, our office table, kitchen top, drawers, knobs, doorknobs, floors, tiles, and even windows. Disinfectants work properly only when we apply it for a certain period of time and on clean surfaces. Clean as in the surface must be free of visible dirt and dust for the disinfectant to work effectively.
Today we have many different forms of disinfectants. They come in the form of liquid, they come in spray and they also come in the form of wipes. | <urn:uuid:245b2c78-a571-48d8-b28e-1560c5b6d1e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marcky.my/the-difference-between-sanitization-and-disinfection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.970745 | 735 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Sarcasm and irony are literary tricks that make the text richer and help to grab a reader’s attention. These tools are most often used to emphasize the absurdity of a situation or another person’s words or show the speaker’s irritation and surprise. This paper uses Allyson Chiu’s article on Trump’s proposal to postpone the election as an example of using irony and sarcasm in journalism to demonstrate his irrelevance of the politician’s words and criticize his decision.
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The author of this article uses many quotes from famous people that are full of sarcasm or irony to convey their irritation and emphasize the absurdity of Donald Trump’s actions. However, Chiu avoids ironic remarks in her explanations to balance the text and convey the message. Chiu (2020) discusses Donald Trump’s recent proposal to postpone the presidential election as people will vote via email that threatens by results falsification. Most politicians and famous people criticize Trump’s desire and ridicule his manner of putting forward the proposal. For example, the Comedy Central host tells viewers, “‘Guys, I don’t want to overreact, but I’m starting to worry that Trump’s not going to make America great again’” (Chiu, 2020, para. 2.). These words are ironic and mocking because the host demonstrates his dislike for Trump and does not worry about his successful political career or winning the upcoming elections.
The text has many jokes, which are partially or wholly based on irony. For example, Chiu (2020) cites Trevor Noah, host of The Daily Show, who mocks and exaggerates the president’s proposition. He says, “‘You know what’s really unfair? That there are two political parties. Why are there two political parties? Let’s just have one. Then, you don’t have to worry about making all these decisions anymore ‘” (Chiu, 2020, para. 23). These words also clearly reflect the irony that underlines the absurdity of the decision to postpone the election indefinitely and extend the term of Trump’s presidency.
Examples of sarcasm in this article are the words of Seth Meyers, the American comedian, who makes fun of Trump’s too informal tweet in which he suggests rescheduling the election data. He says, “‘Oh great, so not only is he casually suggesting incinerating American democracy, he’s doing it like he’s offering hors d’ oeuvres at a party’” (Chiu, 2020, para. 10). The phrase “Oh great” may seem approving, but even without context, all readers understand that the comedian, on the contrary, is outraged by the behavior of the politician. At the same time, the author of the article refrains from commenting or expressing her own opinion and replaces them with jokes and ironic statements of famous people. Consequently, this combination balances the text and does not allows it to turn into a series of critical jokes and comments.
Therefore, the author of the article adds only objective comments and does not express her own opinion about the situation. However, the many ironic and sarcastic statements of famous people and their jokes demonstrate that this article was created to criticize Trump’s decision. In this text, irony and sarcasm have an obvious meaning and are intended to show the outrage of people from whom they come. However, these tools are appropriate in this context, make readers engage in reading, and give weight to words because of the popularity of the people quoted.
Chiu, A. (2020). ‘Basically the move of a dictator’: Late-night hosts decry Trump’s suggestion to delay election. The Washington Post. Web. | <urn:uuid:4d1e31c1-6ee3-460d-b139-71e92c4c23ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studycorgi.com/sarcasm-and-irony-in-the-article-of-the-washington-post/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947024 | 810 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Afghan officials continue negotiating with the Taliban and other factions as Qatar continues its mediation.
Afghan government representatives and Taliban members have convened in Doha for the commencement of peace talks that would end 19 years of war and conflict. The talks come six months after the signing of a Qatari-mediated deal that mapped out a schedule for negotiations.
Also attending the peace talks were US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, Qatar’s Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Thani, Abdullah Abdullah, chairperson of Afghanistan’s High Council for National Reconciliation, and Taliban deputy leader Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar.
“I hope you agree with me that today we must overcome the past and its pains … and focus on the future and the hope it brings us while surely drawing lessons from the past,” said Al-Thani.
Al-thani also emphasised the importance of having an open mind during the talks and for all sides to “rise above all forms of divisions”.
For his part, Baradar stated that the peace talks might face some difficulties but remained optimistic.
“We want Afghanistan to be a free, independent, united and developed country, and to have an Islamic system in which all tribes and ethnicities of the country find themselves without any discrimination and live their lives in love and brotherhood,” said Baradar.
“We believe firmly that protecting the rights of all Afghans is the best way for you to break the cycle of violence,” said Pompeo.The negotiations are set to begin on Monday, where parties will address issues, among them are disarming Taliban fighters and militias, maintaining a permanent ceasefire, and constitutional changes.
“After decades of conflict, these talks are the best chance of peace. We have to embrace them wholeheartedly and keep in mind the ultimate goal: to end the violence,” said NATO secretary General Jens Stoltenberg.
Women’s rights are among the many key issues that are likely to be addressed in the negotiations.
“I really wonder whether the Taliban have changed or not…. in the Taliban negotiating team there is not a single woman to be heard, which means that the Taliban do not believe in the participation of women and the position of women in all processes. This creates concerns for Afghan women,” said Mariam Tayee, Afghan women’s rights activist.
This sentiment was echoed by UN envoy Deborah Lyons
“An inclusive peace process, involving the meaningful participation of women, youth and victims, upholding the human rights of every Afghan is the only path to peace.” | <urn:uuid:ee7db488-e972-4e5e-8d9b-3bc51a146e74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dohanews.co/historic-afghanistan-peace-talks-commence-in-doha/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948912 | 546 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Albert Island Royal Docks
Finding the balance between the need for robust and future-proofed flood defences, the vision of an attractive and human-scale riverside development and enhancing biodiversity along the River Thames corridor was key to unlocking the potential of this docklands site in the east of London. Redevelopment of Albert Island will create 1,000 new jobs and a much-needed shipyard facility to service the vessels that ply the River Thames.
We worked with the Greater London Authority and London & Regional to support feasibility studies and develop initial proposals for this complex site. We subsequently developed the design for the sustainable urban drainage infrastructure, tidal flood defences and river foreshore enhancements with a particular focus on climate resilience, biodiversity and creating a welcoming waterfront. Regeneration of the land is constrained not only by its riverside setting, but also its location at the end of the runway for London City Airport.
The resulting masterplan, which was granted planning permission in March 2021, proposes a well-connected, sustainable employment hub with more than 1,000 new jobs across 70,000m2 of floorspace. The aspiration is to create an integrated neighbourhood, open and permeable to the public, with good cycling and walking links, an enhanced riverfront and high-quality public realm.
Expedition worked closely with the different stakeholders, including the Environment Agency to achieve their requirements, some of which brought significant technical challenges. The design of the flood defences was particularly challenging; as well as being climate-resilient, it had to successfully resolve the site’s relationship with the river, protect and enhance its ecology, and facilitate use of the river.
Another consideration in the river edge planning was the inclusion of a new shipyard that will provide the city’s operators with local access to boat maintenance facilities. This strategic piece of infrastructure is particularly crucial to support the continued use of the River Thames for tourism, transport and industry.
Image credit: Haworth Tompkins
Renders courtesy of London and Regional Properties
Expedition have played a critical role in securing planning approval and unlocking complex flood defence issues, bringing a holistic approach to long term flood protection, ecology of the Thames Estuary and sustainable water management.
London + Regional | <urn:uuid:0749450c-a249-469f-9018-95079551ae59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://expedition.uk.com/project/albert-island-royal-docks-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945203 | 461 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Darmstadt, Germany, October 11, 2016 – “A curios person is more likely to bring an idea to life at work” – more than eight out of ten employees (85%) from Germany, the United States, and China agreed with this statement. This is one of the findings of the first global curiosity study from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, a leading science and technology company. The study examines the curiosity index of workers in four dimensions. The goal: to compare curiosity levels at work in an international context. Even though curiosity plays an important role on the job, the majority of study participants did not describe themselves as curious. Only one in five employees (20%) identified with this quality. Staff instead described themselves as organized, collaborative, and detail-oriented. “Curious” came only in twelfth place. Nevertheless, this quality holds great potential for a company’s ability to innovate.
“Innovation and technological progress do not appear out of the blue. They always develop out of a person’s sense of curiosity about something new. Scientific curiosity and the joy of discovery are thus our most important resources when it comes to finding answers to global challenges such as the aging of our society or population growth,” said Stefan Oschmann, Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. “That’s why curiosity should be a key aspect of our everyday work.”
Four dimensions of curiosity
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, examined with its Curiosity Study 2016 the extent to which staff are able to make the most of their curiosity at work, and if they are encouraged to do so. Last year, the company already surveyed 1,013 full-time employees online in the United States. In 2016, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, expanded its survey to China and Germany in order to draw a global comparison, since these three countries are characterized by different cultures and economic systems. To define the concept of curiosity, and to make it measurable, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, has worked closely with curiosity expert Todd Kashdan, who teaches at George Mason University in the United States. Together, they came up with four dimensions of curiosity: Inquisitiveness, creativity, openness, and distress tolerance. For the study, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, conducted more than 3,000 online surveys with full-time employees in Germany, the United States, and China. Focus group interviews were also carried out.
Lack of creative freedom
Just because employees do not describe themselves as curious does not necessarily mean that they’re not. They simply do not exhibit this quality as strongly outwardly – likely because curiosity is usually not as appreciated in their daily work as other qualities. The survey results also support this thesis. Thus, 73% of respondents do not feel comfortable asking more questions at work. Nearly one out of every two workers surveyed in Germany (45%) agreed with the statement that they are discouraged by their employer from challenging the status quo. To develop new ideas, employees first and foremost need flexibility: 35% of German employees cited self-directed work as the most important factor.
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, launched the Curiositiy Initiative in August 2016 to promote curiosity. On the interactive online platform at curiosity.emdgroup.com, visitors can take a self-test to find out how curious they are. There are also tips for overcoming creative blocks and a number of fascinating articles on the subject of curiosity. The scientific foundation of the Curiosity Initiative is the Curiosity Council of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt Germany, consisting of experts in the field of curiosity research. The Council is composed of Professor Todd Kashdan of George Mason University in Virginia, USA, and Dr. Carl Naughton, German-English author, scholar, and speaker. He has researched and taught in the field of educational psychology at the University of Cologne, and also written books on the topics of thinking, communication, and curiosity. Further members of the Council include Andreas Steinle, CEO of the Future Institute in Kelkheim/Frankfurt and Dr. Kunlin Wei, professor of psychology at the Institute for Psychological and Cognitive Sciences at the University of Beijing, China. | <urn:uuid:b70d6e57-af1e-4ace-a7d1-5331e342c3ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://news.emdgroup.com/EMD/CC/EMDNewsRelease.nsf/d6db9bdc0c08af7ec1257243005130ee/6d135cec04b6e4e0c1258048006dc007?OpenDocument | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952893 | 906 | 2.3125 | 2 |
This is a short presentation by Nicola Hoskings, Assistant Head at Penair School in Truro on Transitioning school in a remote and virtual context. Nicola's presentation was shared with mental health leads across Cornwall as part of our work with HeadStart Kernow which is a lottery funded project. We found the session to be valuable and Nicola kindly agreed it could be shared more widely.
Nicola Hosking is an Assistant Headteacher and Designated Safeguarding Lead at Penair School in Truro. Nicola has taught at Penair for over 20 years and joined as the Head of Geography in September 2000. Developing an interest and passion for pastoral work meant that Nicola has undertaken many different roles in school to work her way up to her current position. Nicola is also the Mental Health Lead at Penair and feels that her job is quite possible because she feels very lucky to live where she is. The Cornish coast never disappoints, whether it be the glorious sunshine or the stormiest of seas, the salty air never fails to clear the brain.
Accessing this course requires a login. Please enter your credentials below! | <urn:uuid:a41590b2-1a2c-4d80-b076-ccf84b9dd572> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.creativeeducation.co.uk/courses/transition-in-a-remote-and-virtual-context/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966045 | 231 | 1.75 | 2 |
Predicting the life expectancy of solar modules
Solar modules are exposed to many environmental influences that cause material to fatigue over the years. Researchers have developed a procedure to calculate effects of these influences over the long term. This allows reliable lifespan predictions.
People who invest in their own solar panels for the roof would like as a rule to profit from them over the long term – but how long will this technology actually last for? While most manufacturers guarantee a lifetime of up to 25 years to their customers, the manufacturers themselves cannot make reliable predictions about the expected operating life. The modules must fulfill certain standards, of course, to be approved for operation. This involves exposing them in various trials to high temperatures and high mechanical loading. “However, the results only predict something about the robustness of a brand-new sample with respect to extreme, short-term loading. In contrast, agerelated effects that only appear over the course of time, such as material fatigue, are pertinent for the actual operating life,” explains Alexander Fromm from the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM in Freiburg.
The scientist is part of a project called Reliability of Photovoltaic Modules II, funded by Germany’s Federal Environment Ministry (BMU), and is working on a new procedure for predicting the operating life of solar cell modules. “Using a dual approach, we combine actual measurements with a numeric simulation,” according to Fromm. To this end, Fromm is initially investigating how mechanical loading affects units in field tests. This is because snow loads, temperature fluctuations, and wind gusts create mechanical stresses and associated strain and elongation in the modules. This leads to material fatigue in the long term. Both the plastic embedding material and the cell connectors in particular – thin strips of copper that connect the solar cells to one another – are susceptible. “It is like continually bending a paper clip back and forth. At some point, it breaks,” explains Fromm.
Even light winds cause module oscillations
To be able to grasp the effect of these influences on the material, the researchers equipped a complete solar module with sensors that use changes in resistance to measure strains and elongations of the construction components. In turn, this allows the mechanical stresses in the material to be calculated. Fromm and his team determined from the data evaluation that even light wind suffices to cause oscillations in the module. The higher the ambient temperature, the more pronounced these oscillations become. Moreover, the resonant frequency increases over time as the plastic material gets stiffer and more brittle, due to UV radiation. “The pivotal question now is how these influences affect the operating life of the components over the long term. Our simulations come into play at this point,” according to Fromm.
For this purpose, a detailed 3D simulation of the solar module has been worked out. Based on the measurements from the field tests, numerical calculations can be used to derive long term effects of the environmental influences on the module components and what kind of mechanical stresses develop. “Using the simulation, we have learned for example that the brittleness caused by UV radiation plays a much greater role in material fatigue than has been assumed thus far,” says Fromm. To be able to predict the operating life of a module, the researchers combine the measurement values from the field test with known specific tensile strengths of the corresponding materials. These numbers predict the load at which the material is expected to break or separate.
No ready-made, large scale industrial test
The procedure can be implemented immediately. However, to produce optimal and reliable prognoses, the developers require highly detailed specific material data and information about the geometry of the module that is to be tested. “Our procedure does not offer a ready-made, large scale industrial test, but instead is individually tuned for each customer,” explains Fromm. Using their calculations, the researchers are then able not only to make predictions about the expected operating life but also to depict potential improvements with regard to geometry and material as well as to predict the effects of various materials on the mechanical stresses in the module. | <urn:uuid:a15e0b23-0a9b-419a-8aaf-1524a2c99c2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2013/oktober/predicting-the-life-expectancy-of-solar-modules-7.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.924287 | 848 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Pencils, pens, and office supplies clutter the surface of desks. Clean it up! Make a hanging wall organizer and get office supplies off your desktop.
It doesn’t take long to fill desks with pens, pencils, and other office supplies. Therefore, it’s important to find storage solutions that utilize the wall space in a home. For example, a hanging wall organizer in our Homeschool Room helps fight the surface clutter that is so common in working spaces.
I’m Lora Green, of Craftivity Designs, where I love solving storage dilemmas such as:
- creating storage hacks for our tiny laundry room
- choosing between a dresser or wardrobe for our small master bedroom
How to Make A HANGING WALL ORGANIZER
There is a set of 3 bookcases in our homeschool room. Rather than fill the top of the bookshelves with pen and pencil containers, I decided to move the storage to the wall. A hanging wall organizer fits nicely between the chalkboard and bookshelf and keeps the surface clean.
What you need:
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1. ALIGN the Bins
First, align the unfinished wood boxes so that each bin’s side is flush against the next. Ensure that the boxes are even across the top and bottom.
2. CLAMP THE BINS TOGETHER
Once aligned, use spring clamps to hold the boxes in place while you assemble the hanging wall organizer.
3. ATTACH A CLEAT TO THE hanging WALL ORGANIZER
Now that the bins are clamped in place, flip over the organizer. Attach a hanging cleat to the backs of the wood boxes, using a screwdriver. A cleat is a heavy-duty hanging mechanism that will be able to support weight inside the bins.
4. STAIN THE WALL ORGANIZER
Once the wall organizer is assembled, remove the spring clamps and stain the unfinished wood. I prefer to use foam brushes that can go in the trash once the project is complete.
5. RUB THE STAIN WITH A CLOTH
Finally, rub the excess stain away with a cloth rag. If necessary, repeat steps 4 and 5 until you achieve the desired look.
ORGANIZE OFFICE SUPPLIES
Once you’ve built a wall organizer, it’s time to organize (I’ll be honest, that’s my favorite part #nerdalert)! I tucked pencils and pens in 2 bins, and chalk and erasers in the other 2 bins. Quick at hand but mostly out of sight, and completely off the bookcase tops!
This part is optional and you can see I didn’t do it. But I have seen lots of people create vinyl labels with their Cricut or other cutting machines.
Another way you can label the boxes is with paint and stencils.
If you enjoyed this hanging wall organizer you’ll enjoy these organization projects, too.
You may also enjoy these organization ideas on Ideas for the Home by Kenarry® – | <urn:uuid:80fb19bd-d45d-4df2-a390-144a8e441d6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kenarry.com/how-to-make-a-hanging-wall-organizer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.882649 | 696 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Also featured on one of the three maximum cards released in 2011 was the Yellow Flame, which is featured in this post. These maximum cards were given to SODA members who accumulated a certain number of points in a year.
The Yellow Flame (Peltophorum pterocarpum) is a medium-sized deciduous tree originating from most parts of China, Southeast Asia and the tropical regions of Australia. The tree can reach a height of around 15 to 25 metres, making it an attractive and common wayside tree. It has bright yellow flowers which grow in bunches of up to 40 centimetres in length. During the flowering season (which can last for several weeks), the whole crown of the tree is covered in a distinctive shade of yellow. The flowers develop into woody, purple-brown fruit pods which usually contains up to five seeds.
Next week, we will be featuring the Trumpet Tree. Check back soon!
Graphics by Singapore Post
Text adapted from Singapore Post | <urn:uuid:937d6696-dbee-4746-aceb-eef2e681f8db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tanwj.com/know-10-trees-yellow-flame/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965947 | 203 | 1.617188 | 2 |
All the time that I was in Lima, my friend Jorge kept explaining that Peru's history is kind of unusual. Others I met during the trip have supported this. Some of it is pretty humorous and some of it best forgotten, but it becomes apparent that though history follows time, it's not necessarily linear.
A good illustration is the terracing that you find all over Peru. Before the Spaniards, there was an extensive system of irrigation, and it supported a large population. In time, earthquakes changed the angle of things, and progress literally started to flow backwards.
Peru's independence, I was told, wasn't mainstream, either. Most colonial countries fight for their independence. Peru was "liberated" (invaded) by the Argentines, who didn't want the Spaniards to have a base too near to them. When San Martín marched into Lima with his army, people threw tomatoes at them.
One of the more amazing pieces of history was the War of the Pacific (1879-83), which, to the best of my understanding, was fought over guano deposits. Peru had signed a mutual defense pact with Bolivia. Bolivia was foolish enough to start up with Chile, and Peru had to honor the treaty, just after they had cut the military. Chile took away the entire Pacific coast of Bolivia, leaving Bolivia landlocked to this day. The Bolivians sued for peace. The Peruvians also sued for peace, but Chile was having such a good time that they didn't want to stop. They destroyed the Peruvian navy, occupied Lima, and bit off a good-sized chunk of Peru, returning a piece of it (Tacna) as recently as 1929.
When you arrive in Lima, it's through Jorge Chávez International Airport. Jorge Chávez was a celebrated Peruvian aviator. Actually, Georges Chavée was a rich French kid with a plane, who came to Peru and founded a vanity air force. I tried to verify some facts about Jorge Chávez, but haven't found a single word written about him. Having identified this gaping, yawning need, perhaps someone will find the motivation to write a thin book on Peruvian aeronautical history. Until then, Mr. Chávez will have to be happier being rich than being famous. Another aviation hero, Alejandro Quiñones, was shot down over Ecuador. He did better by getting his likeness on the 10 sole note. The reverse side has his plane upside down.
Leadership has also been a bit of an issue, with the military "helping out" from time to time. Prime Minister Manuel Ulloa, who was a womanizer, and rumored to use cocaine, had to be dragged out of the Palace of Torre Tagle during a coup when he refused to leave. Later on, he married a princess, became a prince, and later still, died. President Belaúnde Terry, who was older, good-natured and ineffectual, was woken out of a sound sleep so he could be deposed and exiled. He arrived at Miami airport in his bathrobe. Belaúnde was reelected in 1980.
At the time I was in Peru, they were looking for Alan García, who started as a dark horse reformer, but ended as one of the richest men in the world. To this end, he invested the entire Peruvian social welfare fund in his personal, Swiss bank account. He, too, ran for reelection in 2001. Even Fujimori, the man who broke the Shining Path, ended up hiding out in Japan. Fujimori is a splashy character, and his colorful divorce made page one entertainment for months. There's no doubt that he'll be back as well.
There was one instance, though, where Peru gave as good as it got. The Peruvian phone system was a shambles, and it was decided to sell it off to the highest bidder. When the sealed bids were opened, it turned out that the Telefónica de España was the winner, and had bid three times the price of the nearest competitor. The reward? The Peruvian telephones. Spain might have brought pillage, plunder, smallpox and the Inquisition, but Atahualpa finally called in a bit of revenge.
Alejandro Quiñones, front and back, up and down.
Stolen from: Ron Wise's World Paper Money Homepage | <urn:uuid:71735292-94aa-4edb-8100-cec337c91dc2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://travelogues.net/Peru/essay_peruvian_history.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.987657 | 919 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Agriculture and food: the Netherlands and Ethiopia
The Netherlands is your partner in agriculture and food.
The agriculture sector comprises all economic activity relating to food, from production to marketing and distribution.
The Netherlands is the second-largest exporter of agricultural products in the world, after the United States. It is known for its flowers, cheese, tomatoes, vegetables and beer.
The Dutch horticulture sector has an extensive logistics network. Vegetables harvested in the Netherlands can be sold in New York the very same day.
The Dutch food sector has developed smart storage and packaging technologies that keep food fresh longer.
The Netherlands wants to reduce the use of antibiotics in food production in order to combat antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals.
The Netherlands shares its expertise in food production with developing countries. It is committed to a free market with safe, sustainably produced food.
Research and innovation are vital to Dutch agriculture and horticulture. Dutch agri-food companies and knowledge institutions do innovative work in many areas, including sustainability and nutrition.
Agri-food: the Netherlands and your country or region
Food Security Program
As a result of the Ethiopian government’s ambitious socio-economic development program, agricultural growth and the success of existing Food Security programs, the amount of food-relief beneficiaries in Ethiopia has decreased considerably in recent years. However, 2.7 million Ethiopians still rely on food assistance for their survival, while the lives of another 25 million are considered highly vulnerable to malnutrition. Given the country’s unstable environmental and climatological conditions, it is expected that Food Security will remain a major issue in the coming decades in Ethiopia. Food security is therefore chosen as one of the priorities of the Dutch Embassy’s development cooperation program. In the long run, when Ethiopia’s development progresses, a gradual shift (both in activities and resources) is foreseen, from food security to agricultural growth; from agricultural growth to agribusiness and generlly from aid to trade. See also our Food Security website and follow us on Twitter or Facebook.
The current Embassy’s Food Security program entails:
1) Activities to reduce household vulnerability in food insecure areas
The Embassy supports the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP). This multi-donor program provides, during a part of the year, food and cash support to more than eight million people. It transfers foord or cash to vulnerable, food insecure households. In return, those households that have able-bodied members are involved in public works activities (like reforestation and soil and water conservation) that contribute to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. In the meantime, these households are assisted in asset building and increased market access so that with time they no longer have to depend on the support from the programme.
2) Activities to increase agricultural productivity and market access in surplus producing areas
The Embassy provides support to the Agricultural Growth Program (AGP). This Ethiopian Government multi-donor supported program aims at improving the capacity of public service providers (especially the extension system) and farmers’ organizations to scale up best practices in production and processing, with special attention for women and youth. In addition, support is provided to the construction, rehabilitation and management of small-scale rural infrastructure (irrigation and roads). A third component focuses on vlaue chain development and improving farmers’s access to markets. In order to enhance agricultural development and provide AGP eith necessary know-how, the Embassy also supports a number of , aligned projects: (1) to strengthen the capacity for evidence-based up-scaling of best-fit practices (CASCAPE), part of the umbrella BENEFIT programme; and (2) to increase the capacity for the design and management of small-scale and micro-irrigation works (Small Scale Irrigation Project). Finally, the Embassy supports the Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) which is tasked to remove systemic bottlenecks for agricultural growth.
3) Activities to increase the competitiveness of specific agribusiness subsectors
In several sectors such as dairy, horticulture, sesame, honey and seeds a value chain approach is applied with attention for productivity and quality improvement, creating more added value and export growth. In addition, the capacity of the agribusiness sector are strengthened as well as the regulatory and policy environment. To promote agri-business with the involvment of Dutch enterprises public private partnerships are established in various sectors. The Ethiopian-Netherlands Trade Facility for Agribusiness, also part of the BENEFIT programme, complements the strategy to support new sector-wide private sector driven initiatives, Ethiopian entrepreneurship and hands-on assistance to Dutch companies. | <urn:uuid:97e65a52-225b-4396-9ad5-a1d69a5215c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.netherlandsandyou.nl/your-country-and-the-netherlands/ethiopia/and-the-netherlands/agriculture-and-food | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.929502 | 977 | 2.125 | 2 |
The world the Iraq war made
With the land of the two rivers, Iraq and Syria, now a wasteland of human suffering and rubble, the Report of the Iraq Inquiry, commonly known as the Chilcot report (after its chairman, Sir John Chilcot), has aimed to help explain how we got here. Now that it has detailed the extent of British culpability in the 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq, those implicated in the report's findings are using two arguments to refute it.
The first, offered by former Prime Minister Tony Blair, that the world would be much worse today had Iraqi President Saddam Hussein been left in power. The second is that invading Iraq would have succeeded but for a lack of post-invasion planning, which allowed for the mayhem that followed.
The second argument has some truth to it. But the first argument is surely false – a desperate attempt at reputation management by those responsible for a disastrous decision.
To academic observers and others who reported from Iraq at the time, as I did, Saddam was a prototypical regional bully. Domestically, he was a murderous tyrant; but his primary security concern was Iran, with which he waged, with Western support, a pointless war of nearly ten years that cost a million lives and ended in stalemate.
When Saddam invaded Kuwait in 1990, he assumed it was purely a regional squabble about oil and territorial claims. He mistakenly believed that the West had given him a green light.
The Kuwait invasion was reversed by Operation Desert Storm and other events that led the United States, the United Kingdom, and France to impose crippling sanctions and no-fly zones across large swaths of Iraq. With these measures in place, Saddam's Iraq was weakened almost to breaking point.
In his newly diminished state, Saddam continued to obsess over Iran and hint at his own weapons of mass destruction. Iraq, however, had abandoned its nuclear project in 1991, had no biological weapons, and had only limited chemical-weapons capability. At no stage after being expelled from Kuwait did Saddam's regime pose a serious threat to the region or the West. He was contained, like a jackal in a cage.
After the attacks of September 11, 2001, George W. Bush's administration understandably retaliated, by invading Afghanistan, where the Taliban government hosted Al-Qaeda training camps. By December 2001, the Bush administration was considering attacking Iraq, too.
The biggest obstacle for the Bush administration was the absence of an established connection between Saddam's regime and Islamic extremism, though an effort was made to concoct a meeting between representatives of the two in Prague. Quite the contrary: Saddam's regime and militant Islam were mortal enemies.
Still, leading administration figures were determined to wage war on Iraq, so they manufactured a justification: the threat of WMDs. In reality, there was no new Iraqi threat or indication that Iraq was in a position to deploy such weapons. And even when Saddam had used chemical weapons years earlier – against Iranian forces in 1988, at the turning point in the war in the Faw Peninsula, and against Iraqi Kurds in 1991 – the international response had entailed, at most, a no-fly zone, not an invasion. (The 1988 incident drew no response at all.)
Moreover, in the 1991 campaign to liberate Kuwait, Western countries threatened to respond with tactical nuclear weapons if Saddam deployed chemical weapons. He didn't; and during United Nations inspections before the March 2003 invasion, there was no evidence of any additional WMD program.
The plain purpose of the 2003 invasion was regime change. Indeed, Blair has all but admitted as much. Earlier this year, he explained to Parliament's foreign affairs committee that he had doubts about Western intervention in Libya for fear of repeating events in Iraq.
The damage from regime change in Iraq has been substantial. According to the Chilcot report, at least 150,000 Iraqis (and possibly four times that number) have been killed in the years since the invasion, and an estimated three million people have been displaced from their homes. The security situation is far worse than under Saddam, and the economy is no better.
Meanwhile, as many had warned at the time, Iran, with its largest historical barrier to expansion gone, now enjoys a significant strategic advantage. Through Shia militias and a sympathetic government in Baghdad, Iran is virtually occupying large parts of Iraq. So, too, is the so-called Islamic State, which is largely composed of Saddam's former Sunni henchmen. They are locked in battle against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's murderous pro-Iranian regime; a few pro-Western fighting groups, supported by American and British air strikes; as well as the Kurds, the Turks, and the Russians. The view that the Syrian civil war had nothing to do with events in Iraq is untenable.
One can only guess what the world would look like had the 2003 invasion never occurred. An aging Saddam might still rule, but he would pose little threat, except to his own people. He might hand over power to one of his vicious sons, or perhaps another steely strongman would take over, as Anwar el-Sadat did in Egypt, following Gamal Abdel Nasser's death in 1970. Sadat then began a process of rapprochement with the West, as also might have happened in Libya if Muammar el-Qaddafi had not been overthrown.
Surely even Blair doesn't really believe that this world, however unsatisfactory, would be worse than the fiery maelstrom that is engulfing the Middle East – and jeopardizing European security – today.
The writer is a former member of the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, is the author of Global Disorder and A Few Bloody Noses: The Realities and Mythologies of the American Revolution.
Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2016.
(Exclusive to The Daily Star) | <urn:uuid:e046b55f-dc56-4abc-9394-441600c17392> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/the-world-the-iraq-war-made-1265215 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979635 | 1,203 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Posted on: 15 July 2022
Molecular diagnostics has become an essential part of modern medical care. Its influence continues to grow as science improves molecular technological tools and techniques. Some new molecular advances include comprehensive diagnosis, advanced lab tests, and state-of-the-art medical procedures.
Discover how molecular diagnostics consultants leverage these medical advances to offer better healthcare diagnostics for your healthcare facility.
Molecular diagnostics consultants can now use telemedicine to provide services to patients regardless of location. As a result, it benefits rural patients who might not have access to specialized care. In addition, telemedicine improves the quality of diagnostics and consultation services by allowing a more timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Consequently, your patients won't travel for long distances to undergo medical checkups. This provision allows your patients to save on transport costs. In addition, your customer base will increase when you offer convenient services.
Devices for Monitoring Patients
Physicians can now use wearable devices to track patients' vital signs. These devices can detect biomarkers that show health problems like diabetes or cancer. Doctors can then use these results to determine whether patients need immediate medical attention.
Molecular advancements have enabled the development of mobile applications that your doctors can use to track patients' health data. In addition, these mobile applications have allowed doctors to interact better with their patients. As a result, patients become more conscious about their lifestyles, resulting in better health.
Advances in molecular science have resulted in improvement in diagnosis speeds. The new technologies allow your patients to get low-cost tests for ailments. As a result, diagnostic companies can now offer you point-of-care testing with results in minutes or hours rather than days or weeks.
These tests have allowed doctors to make quicker patient care decisions and track treatment responses. For example, doctors can now monitor drug resistance and offer better treatment options.
Additionally, these tests need only a tiny amount of human lab samples. This provision proves beneficial for patients with limited resources who may not be able to afford frequent visits to the doctor's office for routine lab work.
DNA and RNA testing have allowed molecular diagnostics consultants to get more accurate disease diagnostics. In addition, DNA sequencing techniques have opened the field of precision medicine, allowing physicians to identify carriers of genetic disorders.
Also, your physicians can now practice personalized medicine through DNA-based testing. For example, your consultant can recommend specialized preventative measures such as vaccinations or surgery for genetic disease susceptible individuals. For example, such measures come in handy when preventing some cancers.
As the above discussion shows, a molecular diagnostics consultant will prove a great addition to your healthcare facility. In addition, the diagnostics consultant will provide information about the different types of tests available and help you choose the right one for your needs.
For more information, contact a company like The Deerborne Group.Share | <urn:uuid:f2c66600-4026-4add-aa6d-c6d769d213d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://richardandlizabethjohnson.com/2022/07/15/explore-the-new-era-of-molecular-diagnostics-consultation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.90956 | 609 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Centuries: 8th century - 9th century - 10th century
- Oath of Strasbourg - alliance of Louis the German and Charles the Bald against emperor Lothar - sworn and recorded in vernacular languages.
- Ramiro I succeeds Alfonso II as king of Asturias.
- Three year old Michael III succeeds Theophilus II as emperor of Byzantium.
- Uurad is succeeded by Bred, then Kineth.
- End of the reign of caliph Moqtasim.
- Charles the Bald marries Ermentrude. | <urn:uuid:cbab06dd-52be-47d3-9aef-4b2be916b77f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.infomutt.com/8/84/842.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.828147 | 127 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Preventing Mold in Your Home
Carroll’s Spring Focus on Indoor Air Quality series – Part 4 of 4
Last week, we talked about the dangers of mold in your home, and ways to detect it before it causes health problems for your family. This week, we’ll take a look at some simple ways you can prevent mold from forming and growing in the first place.
Moisture control is the key
Because mold thrives in warm, damp environments, moisture control is the key to preventing mold.
To stay a step ahead of mold, a good place to start is to give your home a thorough checkup to identify areas that might support mold growth. Here are some tips for identifying problem areas in your home:
- Window frames – Make sure windows seal tightly, and that no water seeps in. Also look for condensation that forms on your window frame, particularly if your radiators sit below the window.
- Bathrooms – Check under and around sinks, toilets, and tubs for leaks. Make sure you have adequate ventilation (an open window or exhaust fan) especially when you’re showering. Wipe down your shower, tub, curtains, etc. after use.
- Hot water heaters – Service your water heater regularly to stay on top of leaks.
- Roofs – Look for signs of a leaky roof on your ceiling. If you’re not sure how to inspect your roof, hire a professional.
- Basement and attic – Follow your nose! If the basement or attic smells damp or musty, consider using a humidifier.
Other mold-prevention suggestions:
- Wipe up water spills as soon as possible.
- Use a fan to quickly dry damp carpet.
- Keep windows tightly closed when it rains.
- Watch for signs of mold and address them quickly.
- Try to keep humidity levels at or below 55 percent throughout your home. (Installing a whole-house humidifier or whole-house dehumidifier is a great way to do this, if budget allows.)
- Choose mold-resistant materials for construction and remodeling projects, such as mold resistant (paperless, fiberglass covered) drywall or gypsum board.
Interested in finding out more about Indoor Air Quality options for your home? Contact Carroll today to set up a free assessment! | <urn:uuid:19132f5a-6d18-4752-9b09-a3a7d096a3d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carrollhomeservices.com/preventing-mold-in-your-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.894074 | 491 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Though it may sound odd for some, it is a well-documented fact that the red fox and silver fox belongs to the same species called as Vulpes vulpes. In other words, the melanistic variety of a red fox is generally referred to as the silver fox.
Foxes belong to the family of dogs, the Canidae, earning them the nickname canids. Silver foxes are also called as Black Foxes as their rump hair is silver in color and this stands out against the black fur background.
Silver fox can be found in different color variants – some are cinereous in nature (ash grey look, either grey color tint plus copper brown or resembles ash color), some appear in bluish-grey color, and some are generally in black color except a small streak of white color on the tail tip.
Traditionally, silver foxes skin were always sought after for their quality and texture, and their fur was mostly worn by the nobles and elite in China, Western Europe, and Russia.
Another interesting aspect about silver foxes is that they do not spontaneously reproduce absolutely with only those sharing the same skin/coat morph and in most cases found to be littermates of the common red fox variety.
In the case of captive populations of silver foxes for their skin and also as pets, they are exclusively bred with those having the same skin color.
Silver Fox Sizes/Weight
The length and weight of silver foxes vary from one geographical location to other. On an average, they can weigh anywhere between 10 to 15 lbs (around 4.5 to 7 kgs). Lengthwise, they can reach around 1 meter or 40 inches (head to tail).
Female foxes are normally small in size compared to their male counterparts.
- Weight – Male – 4 to 8 kgs; Female- 4 to 6 kgs
- Height/ Length – Male (head-body combined)- 67 to 72 cms ; Female (head-body combined)- 62 to 68 cms
- Tail size – Male – 40 to 44 cms; Female- 37 to 41 cms
Silver Fox description includes
- Much wider color ranges, long and thick coats than red foxes.
- Broader, shorter
- Longer white tips on tails, fuller and larger tails.
- An average healthy silver fox looks slightly larger than red foxes.
- They can grow anywhere around 35-50 cms in height.
- Silver fox has soles that are thickly populated with woolly hair and it is difficult to find callous spots.
- Silver fox has hairs that are glossy and soft and it produces a wavy look when watched carefully.
- North American foxes are normally in size compared to their European counterparts.
Silver Fox - Lifespan
As per wildlife records, it is reported that an average healthy silver fox can live anywhere between 3 to 10 years. In case of captive breeding, silver foxes are expected to survive much longer, maybe 3 to 14 years.
Silver Fox Temperament And Behavior
- Mostly, silver foxes are semi-territorial and solitary animals. Their food caches and dens usually lie within their asserted territories.
- The silver fox is naturally monogamous. The dominant female and male fox creates a life-long relationship with one another. The pair occasionally, either for a brief period or a long period meets for grooming or playing purpose, but generally hunts & feed independently.
- Like their canine friends, foxes do not have the ability to howl and bark.
- But mostly they produce a distinct noise referred to as the “Geeker” which normally resembles a chuckle.
- Foxes geekier at times of excitement or during an altercation in defending their respective territories.
Silver Fox Communication
- Foxes generally communicate among themselves in numerous ways. They communicate via different types of body postures and facial expressions like dogs and other carnivores.
- Tail wagging is a common sign when foxes meet their family members and may exhibit aggressive behaviour towards intruding non-family members.
- During dispersal and mating seasons, it is a common sight to see foxes getting killed due to internal fights and altercations.
- In general, foxes are known to be silent animals. But they do exhibit a wide display of calls ranging from screams and barks to locate a mate to warning calls and cubs’ bark seeking attention.
- Faeces and urine are another set of communication tools used by foxes. Urine is normally used to mark their territories and faeces to indicate certain specific states like fertility etc.
- The process of employing smell to inform or communicate with other animals is known as scent marking. Faeces are strategically placed on anything ranging from food remains to the objects in order to communicate with their counterparts in an easy and effective manner.
- The scent glands of foxes are located on their foot pads, faces, and tail. Under normal circumstances, they expel or rub it against any objects. Silver Foxes also uses saliva for marking purposes, mostly on vegetation.
- Foxes use their intricate hearing to hunt insects and mammals. For example – they can locate and hunt a mouse using the sounds and pounce on them 2 – 3 meters to finish their business.
- Smell is also alternatively used to find food other than communication. They have the ability to detect food underground or in a locked bag.
- It is believed that foxes do use smell to recognize any intruders in their area checking out their faeces and urine.
Silver Fox - Food
Normally, they are opportunistic eaters as well as hunters. They prefer carnivorous food but can also consume plant sources when food is scarce. In the forest, they adopt different techniques to hunt down prey.
Small animals and mammals are located using their sounds, and then they spring up to catch the victim and eventually kill them with their bite. If a prey is large in size, they employ rapid pursuit and stalking to hunt them down.
Being opportunistic carnivores or omnivorous, their wide range of intake includes
- Human Food Waste
- Commercial dog foods and cat foods
- Grains, Nuts, Seeds, and Shoots
- Vegetables and Fruits
- Insects & Invertebrates
- Amphibians & Small lizards
- Birds and Eggs
- Rabbits and Rodents
How to feed a captive/pet silver fox?
Some tips to feed a captive fox:
Start by feeding your fox – 2 times daily (breakfast & tea). Keep them consistent and balanced (not more than 40 g of full diet including cooked veggies and raw meat).
A nutritious and balanced diet will include more prey items such as
- Cooked and raw vegetables.
- Fresh fruits and berries.
- Commercial diets – Wet and dry complete dogs and cats diets.
- Raw meat (with or without bones) such as heart, kidneys, and liver.
- Eggs include chicken and goose, duck, and Quail.
- Earthworms, wax moths, waxworms, locusts, and crickets.
- Rabbits and rats, mice, game birds and wild poultry, and Chicks etc.
Silver fox treats can include
The majority of a fox diet must consist of insects and prey items, but fox treats can consist of
- Boneless cooked meats
- Coconut oil
- Cottage Cheese
- Veggies and berries, dry fruits
- Nuts and seeds
- Yoghurt and Honey
What foods silver fox cannot eat or must avoid or should not be fed with?
- Uncooked fish should not exceed 10% of total fox diet because this can cause in some cases a disease known as Chastek paralysis.
- Chastek paralysis usually occurs when a fox is fed with 10% or exceeding quantities of certain fish varieties leading to acute vitamin deficiency. It can be cured in normal cases by administering a specific dosage of thiamine.
A few of the food items that are considered unsafe for silver foxes
- Fast foods such as French fries etc.
- Onions and garlic in exceeding quantities
- Cooked bones
- Dairy products
Kindly remember that food items that are easily digestible by humans can be deadly fatal for animals including cats, dogs, and foxes.
How does a fox cub feed?
Right from their birth until they turn four weeks old, a fox cubs’ staple diet is mother’s milk. Then, they slowly move to solid food and at the same time continue their intake of mother’s milk.
Adult foxes generally provide those foods normally found in the zone where the Fox family lives to their cubs. Vixens are very attached and protective of their cubs at least for a period of 7 months from birth.
Silver Fox Pets
In general, a silver fox is a melanistic form of the red fox which is usually found in the wild. But when it comes to domesticated fox, it is the Russian red fox we are talking about.
The goal is to develop tamed foxes which carry the melanistic character obviously obtained through internal selective breeding.
The main area of contention is that these domesticated foxes are not suitable to survive in their natural habitat due to captive breeding and adult wild silver foxes will also find it very difficult to adjust to city life.
But before we get started with this topic in detail, it is pertinent to understand certain issues that need clarification.
Is it advisable to have a silver fox as a pet?
- No, the reason is simple and clear. Even though the process of domesticating the silver fox had started some time ago, it is necessary to admit that we are still in the process of creating a silver fox that is completely friendly and not elusive in nature.
- It is undeniable that through selective breeding we have achieved quite a progress in this front but ultimately the target we need to achieve in this regard is far too away even in this world of technological progress and development.
- Moreover, the cost involved in maintaining a silver fox as pet costs a bomb. They cost more than US$ 7000 for top quality captive breeds. Taking all these things into perspective, it is recommended that you think twice before acquiring a silver fox as a pet just for the sake of doing so.
Tips and guidelines to maintain silver foxes as pets
The concept to remain different from the crowd and make choices that are exclusive and unique is the thumb rule followed by many well-to-do people in our society.
The greater question is whether the decision they have taken is wise or not, and this applies to even select a silver fox as a pet animal. In the first place, let us start by discussing the tips and guidelines regarding silver foxes as pets.
Whether it is legal to maintain silver foxes as domestic pets – Legally speaking many countries do allow not only foxes but certain exotic species of animals and birds to be kept and raised in captivity. But the catch is that
- The animal or bird which we wish to raise must be in need of immediate help and maintenance. Healthy wild animals are not allowed to be raised under captive conditions.
- The respective government authority must be informed so that they get the best advice on food, medical treatment, behavioural skills etc. to ensure the safety and security of both the animal and the rescuer.
Foxes as domesticated Pets – How it all began?
- At present, there is a countless number of centres or farms that raises and sells silver foxes as pet animals. But however, this does not justify the case that silver foxes are suitable enough to live and move with humans just like that.
- Nonetheless, it has been proved that foxes like other wild animals can be trained and tamed, as exhibited by Dmitry K. Belyaev, the famous Russian scientist in the 50s.
- In a brief, Dmitry with the help of his team started by collecting wild foxes and segregated them into various categories based on their willingness to adapt to human presence. He continued with this experiment for years and later arrived at what we now know as the domesticated Russian red fox.
- These captive foxes normally behave like dogs, going twice an annum into heat, licking the owner like a dog normally does, and have also have learned to raise their tails.
Foxes’ smell or odour
- It is not clear whether Dmitry had tried to subdue the odour released by the fox while experimenting with captive breeding.
- The foul and penetrating odour of the foxes might also be the reason why foxes are not preferred as domestic pets over dogs and cats by humans.
- In spite of the fact that domesticated foxes are affectionate, gorgeous, and smart, the writing is clear on the wall, foxes are utterly smelly.
Foxes behavioural traits
Some of the behavioural traits of a fox that may act as a deterrent in keeping them as pets
- Highly incompatible and restless with other animals or pets.
- Their hunting instincts are so strong that they get into fights easily with other birds and pets and eventually end up finishing them off.
- Dogs normally find it difficult to adapt to the odour generated from a fox’s body, and in most cases, hostility prevails.
- The foxes by nature save/hide their preys’ for later consumption and it is impractical to hide their preys’ in captivity as such.
How to breed a silver fox in captivity?
The other valid keep points to keep in mind
- A Large garden of at least 820 sq. feet secured and fenced to start with. But do keep in mind, foxes are known for their escapist attitude.
- The enclosure might stink horribly as the foxes use their faeces and urine to demarcate their territory.
In essence, raising a silver fox under captivity is more of a burden than a pleasure to both the fox and its owner.
Silver Fox Fur Coat
For the pelt quality to be considered as superior in nature, certain factors must be satisfied:
- Glossy and shiny black fur with a bluish tinge on the neck
- Silver hairs must be neither prominent nor white. Basically, pure bands are required.
- Silver fur distribution must be even.
- The fur must be smooth and silky.
- Next, the sheen of the coat must be prominent reflecting the location and the health of the animal and also the hair finesse is very important.
- The weight must not drop below 1 lbs at any cost, bigger the size higher the value.
- Normally, heavy thick fur is regarded as most valuable and handsome.
The price range of a silver fox fur coat
General and silver fox fur coat price range
The silver fox coat in sound condition can fetch a high price in the market. The fur quality of foxes bred in captivity was always better and nice than those from the wild because of extra attention and care.
They are worth between US$ 500 to US$ 2000 based on the condition in certain markets. However, some products are sold at a much higher price for your kind information.
Moreover, the market is dull right now. Coyote NW prices are US$20 for clear bellies and pale colors and heavys. Region 12 prices are somewhere between US$ 12 to US$ 18 for SD & ND.
To buy silver fox fur coats, visit
Interesting Facts About Silver Fox
- Foxes are the main area of study in more than 10 countries on around 3 different continents across the globe. The areas of focus include ecology, behavior, fox biology etc.
- Foxes generally call throughout the year and not in the mating period alone.
- Except for Antarctica, foxes can be found on every continent on earth.
- Foxes and cats share many similar behavioral traits. The fox mostly starts his work after the sunset. Like the cats, they hunt using stalk and pounce techniques. The fox-like the cats have spines and sensitive whiskers on their tongues.
- Like a well developed guided supersonic missile, the fox intelligently utilizes the earth’s magnetic pull/field for hunting purpose.
- Known for their curiosity and friendly behavior, foxes play well with their gang members and also with other animals like dogs and cats.
- Silver foxes are accomplished tree climbers.
- Rabies and distemper are the main diseases that afflict the silver fox other than internal parasites, ticks, and fleas. But silver foxes are strong enough to manage sarcoptic mange which commonly attacks the red fox species.
- Silver foxes and silver fox rabbits have nothing in common while the latter is a cute looking rabbit breed.
- In general parlance, an attractive man with grey hair is referred to as a Silver fox.
- According to Marvel Comics, the name of an imaginary character who loves Wolverine is called as Silver Fox.
How to identify ill-health in a Silver fox?
The commons signs of ill-health in a silver fox are
- Changes in behavior
- Running nose and eyes
- Loss of appetite
- Weakness or limping on limbs
- Sneezing or wheezing, coughing
- Chewing or scratching
- Swelling and sores
If you witness any of these signs in your pet fox, do not postpone the visit to your vet.
Mention silver foxes medical care.
Regular and frequent checkups are advised since silver fox diseases are not well documented like the ones found in a pet dog or a cat.
Some of the diseases that can affect a silver fox are
- Canine Parvovirus
- Canine Infectious Hepatitis
- Canine Distemper
- Parasite, fleas, and ticks
- Chapter Paralysis
- Hereditary Hyperplastic Gingivitis
- Fox Encephalitis
Vaccinating the fox at regular intervals as recommended by the vet is a must.
What states is it legal to own a fox in the United States?
The states that permit to keep a fox as a pet with strict guidelines are
Can I have silver foxes as pets?
Although certain states in America permit to have them as pets, it is better not to own a fox as pets because wild animals like foxes are solitary animals. There is no guarantee that they will remain friends even after extensive domestication. Moreover, the cost of owning a silver fox is over the top for an average earning persons. And keep in mind, they smell awful.
How much is a domesticated silver fox?
A domesticated silver fox can cost anywhere between US$ 7000 and US$ 10,000 based on the breeder’s reputation, breed quality etc. But many silver fox breeds are available from US$ 2000 but the breed reputation is quite difficult to authenticate.
Are silver foxes rare?
No, they are just the melanistic version of the existing red foxes found in Europe, America etc. Remember, silver foxes do not necessarily reproduce only with the same coat family and can also be red fox littermates in general. Captive silver foxes are mostly mated with the same color counterparts.
What is the lifespan of a silver fox?
Based on their habitat it may vary. In the forest, they can live for a maximum of 5 years whereas captive fox breeds are strong enough to last anywhere between 3 to 14 years if provided with the right kind of care and affection.
Where is the silver fox found?
They are mostly found in North America’s southern part extending from Canada’s southern portion, and all the way down to Northern Columbia and Venezuela.
Is it legal to own a silver fox in California?
According to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, foxes are included in their restricted list which means if a person is found to own a fox as a pet in California, the fox will be exterminated.
Are silver foxes an endangered animal?
When it comes to conservation, a silver fox is totally dependent on the health and welfare of the red fox species as they are considered as their parent breed.
What is the meaning of silver fox in local parlance?
It is used to denote an appealing, old man with grey color hair.
Are foxes prone to attack humans?
Very rarely a fox will attack humans. At times when they are depressed, they can bite. | <urn:uuid:e4f1c39a-7b30-4aaa-b83c-196f69a22f4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.petmoo.com/exotic-pets/silver-fox/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949991 | 4,335 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Citizens can participate in science by joining the Zooniverse web site and looking for patterns in things like galaxies. The human brain is still good at this. I heard several radio interviews about this web site which now has over 600,000 participants. Even deciphering handwriting, I guess, reading old ship logs to fill in weather records. I thought about participating myself, but not sure if I would devote much time to it. One can devote as much, or as little, time as one wants. Maybe looking at thousands of galaxy images to see if any look unusual isn't too tedious a way to spend an afternoon?
I just think this is a cool idea. Participatory science. Sort of like a WIKI. A WIKI allowing you to put in your two bits for research.
Image from Zooniverse web site. | <urn:uuid:3404edbc-9ca6-493f-b14a-386e23d5c3e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theslowlane.org/2012/04/citizens-can-participate-in-scientific.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965077 | 177 | 2.25 | 2 |
code generation from XML datatype definitions: anyone interested?
spreitze at parc.xerox.com
Thu Sep 16 19:26:42 BST 1999
> ... Does the XML Data Binding spec address calculation of
> attributes on the basic of other (possibly inherited) attributes?
I would be surprised to see that, based on the requirements discussion
available so far.
> I would imagine building on that spec.
If you mean "building" as in "layering", that would probably be ideal. If
you mean "building" as in "modifying", it might be better to explain now
(to the JCP) why you have additional requirements.
xml-dev: A list for W3C XML Developers. To post, mailto:xml-dev at ic.ac.uk
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More information about the Xml-dev | <urn:uuid:6a09202d-b3b1-45ca-ae21-5e39d46ea956> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mailman.ic.ac.uk/pipermail/xml-dev/1999-September/014900.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.830676 | 326 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Mobile development for the Android platform
Mobile software development expertise by X-mx Solutions includes applications development for Android operating system with Java programming languages and latest development technologies. We provide Android software development and create Java-based third party mobile applications, software for Smartphone, PDAs, Pocket PCs and other mobile devices.
Android is the framework developed by Google and Open Handset Alliance. Android is software platform as well as Operating System. It is basically designed on Linux Operating system.
Our Mobile Application Developers has leverage experience in mobile application Development using java language and android framework. We have a proficient expertise in creating android application / mobile applications, testing in a simulator, and porting to mobile devices.
Android development services by X-mx Solutions
We focus on application development with modern technologies, to meet customer’s requirements and to create mobile applications for business needs. X-mx Solutions mobile developers offer the following services and technologies:
- Web-based applications development for mobile devices
- Java mobile applications development
- Android games development
- Mobile business software creation
- Third-party libraries building
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- Software development with Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and GPS support
- Communication mobile application development
- Utility applications design and implementation
- Android QA services
Brief about Android
This operating system for handled devices was released in 2007 by Google and the Open Handset Alliance (including 34 telecom, hardware and software companies). The Android software platform is based on Linux kernel, and it supports Java –like languages from Java libraries developed by Google. The Android development platform is targeted for modern mobile devices with touch screen and multimedia video effects support.
Mobile development for the Iphone
Communication is the key as business started going mobile. With the introduction of iPhone, real time data sharing via wireless solutions has given the mobile application development platform a new look. Apple technologies like iPhone SDK, Cocoa Touch framework, Objective-C language have enabled people access high-level applications in their iPhones. iPhone Applications developed using Objective-C are dynamic runtime in nature without the need for recompilation on execution. Using Cocoa Touch framework, X-mx Solutions has developed interactive applications especially for touch-based, easy-to-use iPhones.
X-mx Solutions developers have acquired a new direction in software development, which is custom software development for iPhones. We offer services in development of customized applications for iPhones on the base of the authentic iPhone SDK provided by Apple Inc. We also specialize in iPhone Content Development, HTML Pages, Graphics and iPhone Mobile Website Development.
iPhone application development
- Office/Business application
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- Search Tools
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We also consider requests for developing enterprise solutions based on the iPhone SDK. We are ready to provide detailed description of our iPhone software development projects on request to demonstrate our experience.
iPhone is a multi-function mobile phone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. in 2007. The popularity of this “revolutionary” device is constantly growing. Having started in the U.S. iPhone is confidently taking positions on the world market of electronics. With its rich capabilities iPhone looks like an attractive corporate solution for mobile business. At the moment the market of iPhone business solutions is underestimated.
This promising niche is still to be taken by enterprising far-sighted business men. X-mx specialists are ready to offer outsourcing iPhone software development services for those who are interested in the beneficial business of making and selling software for iPhones.
Mobile development for the Windows Mobile
X-mx Solutions has a rich experience of Windows Mobile Application development on platform like Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003/SE, Windows Mobile 5.0, Windows Mobile 6, Windows Mobile 6.1, Windows CE, Pocket PC 2002, 2003, Pocket PC Phone Edition, Net Compact Framework and uses tools like MS Embedded Visual Studio (eVC, eVB) and MS Visual Studio .NET.
X-mx Solutions windows mobile developers provide different solutions such as Pocket PC software development, creating applications for Smart phones, and other services. We are skilled in developing such applications with Microsoft technologies as standalone mobile software, games, PIM, applications for Smartphone and many others. Our programmers and system analysts will assist you in planning and development of any solution based on Windows Mobile platform.
We can help you in developing diverse and unique mobile applications to meet your business and personal needs. Our tech-savvy and meticulous developers ensure that the final application reflect the specifications.
Windows mobile software development by X-mx Solutions
- Custom windows mobile drivers development
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- Embedded software development for iPhone, Smartphone and Pocket PC
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- Transposition of Pocket PC, Windows Mobile, Palm OS, Blackberry, Symbian and other applications to Windows Mobile 6 and Windows Mobile 6.1 platform.
- Games and standalone mobile software development
- Windows mobile applications integration with other databases
- Creating wide range of client applications which include offline and online functionality
- Streaming multimedia application on Windows Mobile
- Location and GPS based Windows Mobile Application
- Win CE(5.0 / 6.0) Mobile Client for Sales Force
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- Bulk SMS through SMS Gateway, Bulk SMS provider’s API Integration
- Event tracking application for iPhones and Nokia based on GPS / GSM network
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- Mobile Social Networking | <urn:uuid:17650884-ec38-4192-8529-896616cc5b7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xmxinfosoft.com/mobile-application/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.874355 | 1,150 | 1.65625 | 2 |
DURHAM, N.C. -- A research team at Duke University has discovered a potential new class of small-molecule drugs that simultaneously block two sought-after targets in the treatment of pain.
These proof-of-concept experiments, published June 1 in Scientific Reports, could lead to the development of a new drug to treat conditions including skin irritation and itching, headaches, jaw pain, and abdominal pain stemming from the pancreas and colon.
More than 100 million people suffer from chronic pain in the United States, according to a report from the Institute of Medicine, and new medicines are badly needed.
"We are very pleased with what is a first chapter in a highly promising story," said Wolfgang Liedtke, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of neurology, anesthesiology and neurobiology at Duke University School of Medicine, who treats patients with head and face pain and other sensory disorders. "We hope to be able to develop these compounds for clinical use in humans or animals."
In the new study, the researchers initially aimed to develop more effective blockers of TRPV4, a molecule their previous research had shown transmits skin irritation elicited by sunburn, and painful sensations coming from the head and face. Liedtke and his Duke collaborator Farshid Guilak used a prototype TRPV4 blocker in a 2009 study and then set out to develop more potent versions.
Compared to the prototype, one of the new candidate drugs, called "16-8," worked 10 times more effectively in cells with active TRPV4 that are key for the development of osteoarthritis. It also worked well in another cell type involved in nerve cell injury, stroke and epilepsy.
But to their surprise, when assessing the specificity of 16-8, the scientists discovered that it also blocked TRPA1, which is a promising target in pain and itch research.
"As a physician, I soon realized the enormous potential that these compounds might have, given how beneficial dual-target molecules can be in clinical medicine," Liedtke said.
Both TRPV4 and TRPA1 are members of the family of TRP ion channels, which function in sensory nerve cells to directly sense painful stimuli. Other research groups are now targeting these channels in clinical trials for pain relief.
In this study, the drug 16-8 also quelled pain in living animals, including abdominal aches in mice with pancreas inflammation. So-called pancreatitis is extremely painful and difficult to treat, and new cases are on the rise globally, said study co-author Rodger Liddle, M.D., of the Duke University School of Medicine and a member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences.
Liedtke sees potential for the 16-8 drug to treat osteoarthritis and other types of joint pain as well as head, face and jaw pain. In general, it might also treat aches radiating from internal organs or resulting from nerve cell injury.
The group's preclinical work will focus on understanding the compound's potential use in these conditions as well as learning more about how it works. They also hope to explore topical applications to mucous membranes, which are present throughout the body and skin.
The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (DE018549, AR48182, AR48182-S1, AR48852, AG15768, AR50245, AG46927, DK064213, DK091946, DK098796, F33DE024668, K12DE022793, K12CA100639, the U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-13-1-0299), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the National Science Foundation (1445792), the Arthritis Foundation, and the Harrington Discovery Institute Scholar-Innovator Award. Duke's Office of Licensing and Ventures is pursuing patent applications on this work.
CITATION: " Small molecule dual-inhibitors of TRPV4 and TRPA1 for attenuation of inflammation and pain," Patrick Kanju, Yong Chen, Whasil Lee, Michele Yeo, Suk Hee Lee, Joelle Romac, Rafiq Shahid, Ping Fan, David M. Gooden, Sidney A. Simon, Ivan Spasojevic, Robert A. Mook, Rodger A. Liddle, Farshid Guilak and Wolfgang B. Liedtke. Scientific Reports, June 1, 2016. DOI: 10.1038/srep26894 | <urn:uuid:d5e77176-1e67-4376-9704-bda7e57d0e56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/du-sda052616.php?src=organic&q=supposed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.933936 | 950 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Background and Objective: The educational system, each decade, faces special audience as learners. These students have special educational characteristics, needs, interests, and preferences that significantly improve the policies, quantity, and quality of the educational system services. The emergence of a generational phenomenon in academic discourses are addressed with themes such as "students of this period of time" and issues such as the differences between the students of the current period of time and the past with respect to motivation, scientific perseverance, academic interests, and academic ethics. The subject of the differences between the learners of one period and another is referred to as the generation gap. Generational issues are one of the most important themes in the field of education, especially higher education. In the early years of the 21st century, some theories about the new generation entering universities were proposed stating that these learners have certain characteristics due to their birth and growth in the age of technology. Labels such as Digital Natives, Millennial, Network Generation, and Digital Learner have been set. The present study aims to validate the Digital Native Characteristics Scale (DNAS).
Methods: Regarding to the issue of validity consideration in electronic versions of the instruments; therefore, electronic and printed versions of this scale validated by descriptive-survey method. The population included 7320 undergraduate students of Birjand University who were studying in the academic year 2017-2018. The number of samples in the present study was 374 students who selected from 10 faculties of Birjand University based on the table of sample size of Krejcie and Morgan and using cluster sampling method. The sampling method was such that one class was randomly selected in each faculty, and about 50% of the class population randomly completed the Digital Natives Measurement Scale electronically and the other 50% in print.
Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that both electronic and printed versions had satisfactory validity and reliability. The scale revealed 4 features for digital natives, including: (1) grow up with technology; (2) reliance on the graphic in communication; (3) multitasking; and (4) instant feedback. The electronic version and printed version explained 65.71% and 62.43% of the variance respectively. The total reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha for the electronic and printed version were α = 0.89 and α = 0.91 respectively. All four identified components in both print and electronic versions had optimum reliability.
Conclusion: Comparing the psychometric characteristics of the two electronic and printed formats in the present study did not show a significant difference between these versions. According to the research findings that have confirmed the construct validity and reliability of this scale, this instrument can be used in future research for the purpose of measuring the characteristics of digital natives in Iranian culture and at the academic community. However, pre-university courses it require more research. Also, this instrument can be used for educational design and teaching purposes by educational designers and can be used to adapt the training to the characteristics of this generation. Despite the optimal validity and reliability of the scale in this research, it is recommended that new instruments be designed and validated in future research considering the findings of the present study and using generational theories in Iran.
©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. | <urn:uuid:0d52a032-7fa9-4bcc-97a2-58a88f3cf64f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jte.sru.ac.ir/article_953.html?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.9517 | 729 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Design Parameters For A Ball Mill
how to design parameters for a ball mill. a. jankovic, in iron ore, 2015. 22.214.171.124 . the is a tumbling mill that uses steel balls as the grinding media. the length of the cylindrical shell is ... the effect of ball size on breakage rate parameter in a pilot
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Choose Right Speed To Improve Ball Mill Grinding
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In the present work, the formulation of nanosuspension of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and the operating parameters of wet ball milling (WBM) was optimized using the BoxBehnken design (BBD) method. The key formulation factors evaluated were GBE concentration, milling speed, milling time, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration.
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Steel Ball Mills And Milling Equipment Paul O Abb
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Ball Mills Industry Grinder For Mineral Processing
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Design Of Cyclone And Study Of Its
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Amit 135 Lesson 7 Ball Mills Circuits Mining Mill
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Analysis Of Ball Mill Grinding Operation Using Mill Power
With a view to developing a sound basis for the design and scale-up of ball mills, a large amount of data available in the literature were analyzed for variation of the two key mill performance parameters power specific values of the absolute breakage rate of the coarsest size fraction, S *, and absolute rate of production of fines ...
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The Application of EDEM Software for Design Parameters Calculation of a Ball Mill Lining. Authors Vasily S. Bogdanov , Pavel A. Khakhalev , Nikita E. Bogdanov and Alexey Ju. Gavrunov. Abstract The study describes the study of the effect of liners height and step in ball mills which has been conducted using EDEM Software by DEM Solutions.
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- 200 Tph Typical Mobile Crushing Equipment Screening Unit | <urn:uuid:50afc366-e4b7-42ee-b660-f1062dade851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hercle.de/dalmia/1987-Apr_31665.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.806715 | 2,968 | 2.859375 | 3 |
A nonviolent street action may involve resistance, protests, and intervention without physical violence.
Members of the nonviolent immigrant group refuse to do or do specific things. For instance, they may engage in omission acts.
Immigrant street action may involve performing acts you normally don’t do, are lawfully forbidden, or you’re not expected to perform customarily, or both.
It may also involve refusing to perform acts you usually do, are lawfully required, or you’re expected customarily to perform. They may also be acts of commission.
Immigrant street action may also involve any of the following:
- Nonviolent resistance
- Civil resistance
- Positive action
- People power
- Targeted campaigns
- Nonviolent protests
- Realizable goals
Withdrawal of participation, membership, or attendance in government-operated courts, schools, and other official institutions.
According to Martin Luther King Jr., it’s important first to ascertain that there’s an issue, create awareness about the issues to others, negotiate with the opponent to elicit their cooperation, and taking direct action if there’s no change.
Martin proposed the following forms of direct actions:
- Public performance
- Public art
- Letter writing campaigns
Whichever is the case, taking part in an immigrant street action is quite involving mentally and physically. You’re bound to get exhausted at the end of each day, to say the least, at the end of the week, depending on the duration of the direct action.
You can relax your mind and body in any of the following ways to keep going and continue performing your normal duties:
11 Ways to Relax Your Body and Mind after an Immigrant Street Action
1.Take slow, deep breaths
Breathing exercises are an excellent way to relax your mind and body. Take a deep breath, hold it for about 10 seconds, and exhale. Repeat the process until you feel more relaxed.
Relaxing your mind and body eases stress and relieves depression, anxiety, and sleep problems. Taking deep breaths quiets your mind, making you feel calm and peaceful after engaging in an immigrant action.
When breathing in and out, your tensed muscles react to become more flexible and less tense. You also calm down and feel peaceful. The breathing exercises affect both your mind and body because they’re connected to each other.
2. Listen to soothing music
Music is calming and relaxing. After a day or week, direct action in the streets, wind down to your favorite music. You can listen to slow music as you relax or engage in simple tasks in the comfort of your home.
If possible, you can also dance to your favorite beats to relax, not just your mind, but also your body.
3. Soak in a warm bath
Taking a bath is therapeutic and relaxing. Prepare a bath and add some essential oils in warm water. Immerse your body in the bath and soak for at least 30 minutes.
You can also play some music as you enjoy your special bath. The warmer your bath water, the more therapeutic it is.
4. Practice mindful meditation
Mindful meditation focuses your mind and attention on specific things at the moment. For instance, you can focus on listening to your heartbeat or general body.
Do you breathe slow, fast, shallow, or deep? Do you hear silence or noises such as traffic? The idea behind mindful meditation is to focus on happenings at the moment, not trying to change anything.
You can also relax your mind and body through journaling. After immigrant street actions, write down your experiences and feelings when you get home to relax your mind and body.
Journaling helps you express yourself and emotions as a way to relax your mind and body after undergoing a stressful experience.
6. Practice progressive muscle relaxation
The muscle relaxation technique involves progressive relaxing and tensing every group of muscles in your body. The relaxation technique lowers muscle tension reduces anxiety. This relaxation technique is perfect if you need to fall asleep easily later to get more rest.
When your body muscles relax, the brain signals to your body that it’s okay to sleep. This also helps relax your mind, meaning you’ll wake up feeling energized and relaxed.
7. Go for a massage or indulge in aromatherapy
Get a partial or full body massage to relax your tensed muscles. Choose from the different types of massages out there. You can also opt for a mere back rub if you feel more tensed in that area of your body.
Buy your favorite essential oils to diffuse in your home for relaxing purposes. You’ll breathe in vaporized oils that’ll, in turn, relax your mind. Also, consider investing in a humidifier with high moisturizing power to add humidity in your home if the air is dry.
8. Go for a walk
Take a long evening walk or engage in a slow physical activity to relax your body. Opt for things you love and enjoy doing to make the most of your chosen activities.
9. Take a warm drink
Drink warm milk or herbal tea to relax your body. You can also consider taking coffee if it’s your favorite drink.
10. Use guided imagery
Imagine yourself in a place where you usually feel relaxed and calm. Guided imagery makes this possible. Use scripts, audiotapes, or even a teacher to guide you through the mind-relaxing exercise.
11. Do yoga
Yoga is also a great way to relax your body and mind after a day out in the streets. However, you can take yoga classes, videos, and books and can help you follow an exercise regime from the comfort of your home.
If your focus is to relax your body more than your mind, you won’t go wrong with yoga because it involves lots of body movements. | <urn:uuid:95db4c18-8a8e-42a6-b26e-b935e7fd9de9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nysiaf.org/essential-relaxation-tips-post-an-immigrant-street-action/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926401 | 1,230 | 2.875 | 3 |
Do you have the ‘sitting’ disease’? How long do you sit each day? Are you sitting while reading this article? In the medical science world, prolonged sitting has become known as the ‘sitting disease’…
In 2011, the USA-based ergonomics and wellness company, ‘Ergotron’ produced a research paper into ‘workplace wellness’ – to raise awareness of how physical inactivity and prolonged sitting can have a serious impact on our health and well-being – and how, with simple interventions, these harmful effects can be lessened.
The paper included alarming results of an American Cancer Society study published in 2010 which examined the amount of time each of the 123,000 participants spent sitting and their level of physical activity.
Several key findings indicated that prolonged sitting and periods of inactivity contribute to serious medical conditions that can lead to shorter life spans – this includes cardio-vascular issues, high blood pressure, leg disorders, muscle degeneration and, sore back, neck and shoulders.
Workplace health has increasingly become a significant focus across the public sector with the introduction of health and well-being initiatives and ergonomic work stations and equipment.
However, the simplest intervention to lessen the serious health issues the ‘sitting’ disease can cause is to ‘move’.
According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, about two-thirds of Australian adults have insufficient moderate/vigorous physical activity.
New Commonwealth Department of Health guidelines say adults should do between 150 and 300 minutes of physical exercise a week, twice the previous Government recommendations.
However, evidence show that total accumulated sedentary behaviour, and in particular uninterrupted periods of sitting increase cardiometabolic risk, independent of moderate/vigorous activity.
A sedentary office worker not only needs a daily moderate/vigorous activity such as a morning run but also needs to break up sustained periods of sitting.
It is recommended that workers take postural variety and active breaks away from seated computer use every 30-60 minutes.
So, how long do you sit during the day?
It may surprise you to know that the amount of time a person usually sits during a day is almost 8 hours – think about this; you sit when you have breakfast, drive or take public transport to work, at your desk, at a meeting, when you have lunch, drive or take public transport home, when you have dinner, watch television and use your home computer.
A Clinical Pilates session will get you moving. Based on the latest physiotherapy research, Clinical Pilates is designed to help you be your best physically and prevent further injury by safely improving function, pain, stability, balance, strength, posture and flexibility.
A Physiotherapist trained in Clinical Pilates (accredited by the Australian Physiotherapy Association and claimable on most Private Health Funds) will design a specific program based on Physiotherapy research.
Pilates is based on control, breathing, flowing movement, precision, centring, stability, and range of movement.
Clinical Pilates adds to these principles the findings from an individual Physiotherapy assessment which could be a direction preference, or specific anatomical structures that need to be treated such as nerves, muscles and tendons, joints and ligaments.
Physiotherapy and Clinical Pilates is evidence based.
Higher Function, based in Canberra city, is a specialist physiotherapy, psychology and Pilates clinic that helps people to reach their physical and emotional potential.
Pilates classes are run Monday to Saturday in small groups (up to 10) and also on an individual basis.
For more information, class timetables and special deals to get you started on the way to moving away from the ‘sitting’ disease call (02) 6262 9664 or go to www.higherfunction.com.au
* Janet Fabbri is musculoskeletal physiotherapist, with over 26 years of practice. She has taught Pilates in Canberra for the last nine years. She is a member of the Australian Physiotherapy Association (APA); an APA Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist; APA accredited Dry Needling
Practitioner and a Pilates Clinician.
She is Director of Higher Function Pty Ltd.
The APA (Australian Physiotherapy Association) states that:
“Physio sessions are a mixture of clinically appropriate exercises, which may include exercises delivered on Pilates equipment or exercises drawn from Pilates that target their particular needs. Physios deliver these exercises within an evidence-based and therapeutic framework, rather than purely for fitness.” | <urn:uuid:3a1e838f-054b-44fe-82ef-d7fe822c6528> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.higherfunction.com.au/how-clinical-exercise-can-help-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942407 | 961 | 2.875 | 3 |
Feminoteka was established in 2001, as a feminist information service and bookstore.
The aims of Feminoteka are to act for the elimination of sex-based discrimination in literature, culture, arts and public life. Also support and publicize women’s and gender issues, as well as feminism and to promote authors and publications devoted to broadly understood women’s issues. Promote equality of women and men and to combat violence against women or sex-based discrimination. To support women’s participation in public and political life and liquidate barriers preventing women from accessing knowledge about new technologies. Spreading knowledge about new technologies among women. | <urn:uuid:bb54bbaf-f7e3-4f9d-ad7f-a96aebfc8de0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://institute-genderequality.org/frames-on-gender/countries/poland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96115 | 131 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Abstract. Rapid growth in the volume of network-available data, complexity, diversity and terminological fluctuations, at different data sources, render network-accessible information increasingly difficult to achieve. The situation is particularly cumbersome for users of multi-database systems who are expected to have prior detailed knowledge of the definition and uses of the information content in these systems. This paper presents a conceptual organization of the information space across collections of component systems in multi-databases that provides serendipity, exploration and contextualization support so that users can achieve logical connections between concepts they are familiar with and schema terms employed in multi-database systems. Large-scale searching for multi-database schema information is guided by a combination of lexical, structural and semantic aspects of schema terms in order to reveal more meaning both about the contents of a requested information term and about its placement within the distributed information space.
|Title of host publication||Proceedings of CAiSE '98|
|Subtitle of host publication||10th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering|
|Place of Publication||Berlin|
|Publication status||Published - 1998| | <urn:uuid:a36ddd25-0849-4473-8243-01199df0e0fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/content-based-organization-of-the-information-space-in-multi-data | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.851436 | 260 | 1.609375 | 2 |
John Franklin Keys was born 29 January 1900, son of William Reed Keys and Rebecca “Bessie” Butler.
He died of influenza broncho pneumonia on 11 February 1919 at Manhattan, New York
Buried at Fort Hill Cemetery, Cleveland, Bradley County, Tennessee.
- Rank: Private
- Date of birth: 29 January 1899
- Date of death: 11 February 1919
- County: Bradley
- Hometown: Cleveland
- Service Branch: Army
- Division/Assignment: Cas Co., 474th Infantry
- Conflict: World War I
- Burial/Memorial Location: Fort Hill Cemetery, Cleveland, Bradley County, TN
- Location In Memorial: Pillar II, Top Panel
- Contact us to sponsor John F. Keys
Click a thumbnail below to view at full size. | <urn:uuid:9c4ce8ee-2b16-492c-88ab-8bf1a316550b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://etvma.org/veterans/john-f-keys-6252/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.884383 | 172 | 1.570313 | 2 |
This past week we discussed the importance of Martin Luther King Jr. We also had a project and asked the students to state their “dream” for a better world.
Third-grade boy all excited about his “I have a dream” wishes for a better world: “Houses are free. Stuff for houses is free. No littering. Good drivers only. Oh and free doughnuts all the time!” | <urn:uuid:73c7f57b-0386-4f7a-b101-27cfc019cae9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blogs.pjstar.com/ratedpg/2014/01/20/crazy-kid-quotes-and-free-doughnuts-for-all/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.972919 | 98 | 1.828125 | 2 |
ASSA ABLOY and CertainTeed Corporation are teaming up as part of an industry-first collaboration to address acoustical challenges in classroom settings—a critical factor in ensuring strong student performance. Representing global leadership in door opening solutions, gypsum board, ceilings and insulation solutions, the collaboration leverages world-class building science and technical expertise to create recommendations for interior spaces that meet or exceed the most stringent acoustical requirements.
According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, proper acoustics are critical for students’ ability to understand familiar words and learn new information. The new alliance between ASSA ABLOY and CertainTeed has uncovered easily accessible solutions to address these acoustical challenges and reduce the sound reverberation that further complicates noise issues.
“The convergence of these two building industry powerhouses represents an unprecedented approach in optimizing acoustics in educational settings,” said Eric Nilsson, vice president of Corporate Marketing for CertainTeed Corporation. “We look forward to deepening this collaboration by leveraging our collective expertise, while tapping the global resources of our parent company Saint-Gobain to make a true material difference in how students learn.”
ASSA ABLOY and CertainTeed are designing and testing interior solutions that provide exceptional acoustical control between classrooms, music rooms, administrative offices, bathrooms and hallways. Through preliminary research, the collaboration has demonstrated significant acoustical improvements by creating a holistic solution that integrates CertainTeed’s SilentFX noise-reducing gypsum board, Sustainable Insulation fiberglass batt insulation and Symphony m mineral fiber ceiling panels with door and frame systems, including components, from ASSA ABLOY Group brands CECO Door, CURRIES, PEMKO or SMP Specialty Doors. Each of the design configurations align with targeted Sound Transmission Class ratings as well as stringent requirements of the American National Standards Institute, LEED for Schools, Collaborative for High Performance Schools, GREENGUARD Gold, and 2012 International Green Construction Code.
The enthusiasm is mutual, as shared by Stacey Callahan, vice president of marketing and innovation for ASSA ABLOY, “This landmark collaboration between CertainTeed and ASSA ABLOY places the needs of education front and center. The standard we are setting for the built environment is ‘head of the class’ in form and function—a superior solution that exceeds the expectations of our (or education’s) stakeholders.” | <urn:uuid:28edb196-51cc-4c7f-921d-2795403d43d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wconline.com/articles/88689-assa-abloy-certainteed-team-up-to-tackle-classroom-acoustics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.893707 | 514 | 1.640625 | 2 |
By Euro Weekly News Media • 03 September 2017 • 18:00
Image of the forest fire in the Bejis region of Castellon.
Credit: [email protected]
THE mercury is set to rise across much of Spain this week as temperatures return to normal for the time of year.
The Valencian Country is likely to see maximum highs of 28-30°C during the early part of the week, with similar values predicted for the costas in Murcia and Andalucia, rising to a sizzling 32-36°C inland.
But rain is forecast in the north of the country including Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and the Basque Country, as well as in Cataluña, where a yellow alert has been issued for tomorrow (Monday) in Girona province, and the Balearic Islands.
The announcement from Spanish Met Office AEMET comes after recent unseasonal rains along the southern Mediterranean coast saw temperatures plummet.
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Download our media pack in either English or Spanish. | <urn:uuid:48c688dc-2f23-4c06-b91a-70bf9f9a5462> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://euroweeklynews.com/2017/09/03/feels-like-summer-again-heat-returns-to-southern-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.896873 | 359 | 1.789063 | 2 |
CASA SEAT is dedicating its February programme to listening from a broad, multidisciplinary approach. Thus, through talks, concerts, performances and an exhibition, the act of listening will be addressed as a means of detecting what is happening and an essential attitude so that debates on future challenges are fruitful and contribute to generating new scenarios.
Explore the act of listening with concerts and an audiovisual exhibition.
One of the most prominent activities is the talk that Bruno Giussani is giving on 17 February. In it, the writer and global curator of TED, the organisation that produces the famous talks on innovation and culture, will address the importance of listening to the present to be able to imagine the new trends of tomorrow, commenting on current issues such as the climate emergency, the new challenges of Big Data, the future of post-Brexit Europe or the new paradigms of mobility and teleworking. Giussani has been the European director of TED for twelve years and is currently also the co-organiser of Countdown, the organisation’s climate initiative. He was previously a columnist for The New York Times, head of Online Strategy at the World Economic Forum and a visiting professor at Stanford University, among others.
On 13 February, singer and multi-instrumentalist Magalí Sare and the musician Dani López will be presenting listening as a means of co-creating musical pieces in a concert where improvisation will be the protagonist. Those attending this event will be able to enjoy a very unusual combination of two young talents from different musical backgrounds and techniques, and will be able to influence the musical pieces that will be performed. On 27 February, pianist and mathematician Laura Farré Rozada will give a lecture on symmetry and fractals in music, which will show the public the connections between the two disciplines through examples of different composers and piano performances.
A hub for thinking and living the future of mobility
CASA SEAT is the meeting place for culture and mobility in Barcelona. For this reason, the February agenda will include other essential events to invite citizens to think about and delve into the mobility of the future. On 6 February, experts from the RACC Foundation will be offering a workshop on safe ekickscooter riding. Thanks to this workshop, participants will learn about the regulations and advice they should follow when operating their personal mobility vehicles and will have the opportunity to put the knowledge they have acquired into practice and ride the SEAT MÓ eKickscooters on a street circuit. In addition, on 10 February, CASA SEAT will host a workshop organised by ESADE Creapolis that will invite citizens to reflect on how city infrastructures should evolve to adapt to new needs and forms of mobility.
On 16 February, meanwhile, visitors will have the opportunity to discover in depth the innovations featured in the new Leon, SEAT’s best-selling car, in a session with the company’s Design and Product specialists. Finally, on 26 February, the public can learn about the work of the Acoustics department at the SEAT Technical Centre from its division head, Ignacio Zabala, who will explain how the acoustics of the company’s vehicles are worked on to ensure comfort and reduce the noise produced by cars in cities. This meeting is part of a sound exploration that will also be addressed in the exhibition that CASA SEAT will be hosting from 4 February. Through various audiovisual pieces created by artist Edu Comelles, the public is invited to reflect on the soundscapes of cities and their possible evolution.
All the CASA SEAT activities are free of charge with prior reservation at www.casa.seat, where live broadcasts and recordings are also available, and visitors can subscribe to a newsletter to stay informed of all CASA SEAT programming and news.
Below is the schedule of activities for CASA SEAT in February. This programme will be complemented by other activities, details of which will be communicated soon:
4 February. Inauguration of the exhibition of pieces by the artist Edu Comelles
6 February. Electric kickscooter riding workshop with the RACC Foundation
10 February. ESADE Creapolis Workshop: Infrastructures of the future
13 February. Improsession with Magalí Sare and Dani López
16 February. Design and Product experts present the new SEAT Leon
17 February. Listening to today to imagine tomorrow with Bruno Giussani
26 February. The sound of cars with Ignacio Zabala, Head of SEAT Acoustics
27 February. Maths and music with Laura Farré Rozada | <urn:uuid:d3d30ea1-d4fc-4853-b59e-f12826a4b4ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seat.ma/decouvrez-seat/news/company/casa-seat-activities-february-2021.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947455 | 957 | 1.75 | 2 |
The Alignment Between Community Policing and the Work of School Resource Officers
Despite a growing literature showing the ineffectiveness of school resource officers (SROs) for reducing school crime, their use is widespread. Some of this ineffectiveness may arise from SROs’ experiences of role conflict due to their multi-faceted roles and conflicting expectations associated with following two authority structures. Community policing (CP) may offer a unifying perspective that can address some of these barriers. The current study uses data from 119 qualitative interviews with SROs from three U.S. states to examine the extent to which SROs’ activities align with three dimensions of CP: community partnerships, problem-solving, and organizational adaptation. This study finds that SROs’ described activities align well with these dimensions, suggesting that a CP framework may be a strong model for organizing and describing the work of SROs. This framework can be viewed as an initial proof of concept, and research may elaborate on the framework and assess its utility. | <urn:uuid:cc959031-184d-4d5d-bd14-0369487a72a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sage.figshare.com/collections/The_Alignment_Between_Community_Policing_and_the_Work_of_School_Resource_Officers/5775087/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953549 | 211 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Symfony Back-End Web Software Development
Symfony high availability makes it one of the most popular frameworks in PHP.
With this technology it is possible to create:
- project management systems of different directions;
- media projects;
- users’ applications;
- monitoring systems;
- attractive catalogs;
- services for automating employees’ work in companies / enterprises.
Symfony software development allows developers to use dozens of tools:
- The most popular are:
FOSUserBundle, API Platform, EasyAdmin, NelmioApiDocBundle.
- The frequently used ones are:
DoctrineMigrationsBundle, LiipImagineBundle, KnpPaginatorBundle, FOSJsRoutingBundle.
- Useful tools are:
KnpSnappyBundle, GenemuFormBundle, LexikFormFilterBundle.
- For the integration:
SncRedisBundle and others.
Seven Reasons to Choose Symfony
The framework is highly secure compared to other PHP technologies. Each program version is directly supported by developers.
One of the main advantages is Symfony scaling. The special language architecture allows the instant connection of ready-made modules to the project. also, it is possible to adapt proven modules to the project, which extends its functionality.
- System flexibility
The technology allows using only those components that are necessary to realize a project successfully.
- Resource usage optimization
Simple and fast Symfony load balancing makes it possible to distribute tasks across multiple servers. This structure helps optimize resources, reduce the time spent on servicing requests and ensure system fault tolerance.
- Community support
Symfony developers’ community is constantly expanding, and it is considered as the most active.
- Different difficulty degrees
The framework is a stable system. It is used to create software of different complexity. Due to its flexibility it is possible to replace components for those suitable for a project.
- Deserved reputation
The framework is supported by dozens of leading development companies around the world.
Three Components of Quality Development
- Carrying out expertise
Regardless of the complexity level, each project passes through expertising. Qualified IT specialists with more than years of experience are creating a product. Developers engaged in international projects are fully involved into customer’s business.
The project is monitored at each stage of its creation. Terms and quality of work are strictly controlled.
A customer is provide with the professional technical support and project maintenance. The high level of performance is also confirmed by appropriate certificates which are available.
Airstek Systems company carries out Symfony web application design and development. The goals and work plan are carefully agreed with customers. They can change the development plan at any time to increase project efficiency.
The terms are discussed after achieving agreements and signing a contract.
For more information, please contact phone numbers listed on the website or by filling out the contact form. IT- outsourcing services are available in any region. | <urn:uuid:0ec5c137-5fb2-415b-a1ba-a0727f0a69fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aristeksystems.com/blog/symfony-high-availability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.887206 | 659 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Everyone knows it’s a tough time for startups raising money — for one thing, the first three months of the year saw the lowest number of venture investment since the late 90s. In response, Adeo Ressi, founding member of the controversial VC-rating site TheFunded, has introduced a new and unusual funding model to encourage hesitant investors to get back in the game.
Ressi, who is probably most familiar to VentureBeat readers as a critic of the VC industry’s excesses, finds himself in a rather different role now, trying to help entrepreneurs participating in TheFunded’s four-month training program called the Founder Institute to attract investors. The idea, Ressi says, is that when an investor funds one Founder Institute company, they’re actually making an investment in the program’s entire pool, which should reduce the risk involved.
“If you invest in one, you invest in all,” Ressi says.
Specifically, the institute asks participating founders to contribute warrants providing the option to purchase 3.5 percent of the company at the time of its first funding. Now the institute is setting aside 10 percent of that warrant pool for investors — the first 20 investors in Founder Institute startups will each get 0.5 percent of the total pool of all companies.
To be clear, this is separate from the individual investments that an angel investor or venture capitalist makes. It’s a bonus, of sorts, as long as their investment totals more than $50,000. And even though Ressi has been a critic of some investment deal terms (to the extent that he worked with Silicon Valley law firm Wilson Sonsini to formulate a more founder-friendly type of common stock called Class F), participation in the pool is “term agnostic,” he says.
Eighty potential founders are participating in the inaugural Founders Institute class, and Ressi estimates that 30 to 50 companies will actually get founded from that group. The institute will offer investors a chance to meet with the founders at special events on June 23, July 28 and August 25.
VentureBeat's mission is to be a digital town square for technical decision-makers to gain knowledge about transformative enterprise technology and transact. Learn more about membership. | <urn:uuid:f7e3051b-7334-45d4-b796-139829bb5d76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://venturebeat.com/business/thefunded-founder-institute-tries-to-tempt-investors-with-a-new-financing-model/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949855 | 469 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Book Review : Ike’s ‘50s and Reagan’s ‘80s: Decades Apart and Yet . . .
God’s Country: America in the Fifties by J. Ronald Oakley (Dembner Books: $24.95)
Private Lives: Men and Women of the Fifties by Benita Eisler (Franklin Watts: $18.95)
The ‘80s are a rerun of the ‘50s: It’s on everyone’s lips. Our students are complacent plodders; our President is grandfatherly, platitudinous and Republican; and we’ve all been seduced by the passive pleasures of a consumer culture. Or so a generalized assessment of both decades would have us believe. While similarities between Reagan’s ‘80s and Eisenhower’s ‘50s abound, the analogy ultimately collapses before the reality of two distinct periods, separated by 20 years of social evolution--as is borne out by these two fine volumes analyzing that decade.
“God’s Country” and “Private Lives” range over a vast terrain, drawing upon pop culture and political history in their examinations of that period of unprecedented prosperity. Highly readable and vigorously researched, J. Ronald Oakley’s chronological account emphasizes the political landmarks and forces that gave the decade its character: President Truman’s controversial firing of an insubordinate Gen. Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War and the attendant public outcry; the McCarthy hearings; the Sputnik scare.
“Private Lives” is a more subjective account of the decade in which the author went to college and came of age. Benita Eisler, who teaches at Princeton, contends that members of her generation were systematically schooled in evasion, learning early to hide behind masks and to resist authority, Eisler weaves her personal history together with those of 16 contemporaries to build the argument that the repressive, conformist social ecology of the ‘50s forced her generation to develop “private"--or hidden--lives. “Faking normalcy was the name of the game,” she writes. “The good fight would only be won by the fifth columnists--by skillful liars and con artists, role-players and gamesmen--by men and women who could be counted on to carry their closets with them wherever they went.”
Walking through the milestones and minutiae of the ‘50s with these books reveals that today’s elaborate myth of, and nostalgia for, the “Nifty ‘50s” is itself an illusion, a comforting but obtuse self-deception in an era with a reluctant handle on reality. Granted, the ‘50s presented a surface calm and a surface surfeit of material novelties (hula hoops, circle skirts, cars equipped with fins and new-age TV dinners), but there was then an inescapable undercurrent of change.
Like the ‘80s, the ‘50s was a time of quiet--not public--desperation; it was a Nuclear Age, the first decade in which large-scale, life-threatening nuclear attack became a documented possibility and a public fear. Despite the happy homemaker image presented in the major magazines, women of the ‘50s were beating a path to the work place in record numbers. (The coming female revolt from a secondary role in society was presaged in the wacky but rebellious antics of Lucille Ball in “I Love Lucy.”) Likewise, rumblings of discontent over an unjust society were beginning to issue forth from the black community, with Martin Luther King Jr. emerging as a national figure in the mid-1950s. The decade began during the Cold War, the rhetoric of which grew to a fever pitch when Sen. Joseph McCarthy latched onto the communists-in-government issue to make his political name. But by decade’s end, the Cold War had thawed enough for Nikita Khrushchev to denounce Stalin and tour America. Like the impressed foreigner that he was, Khrushchev vowed the U.S.S.R. would catch up--in seven year’s time.
Both Books Contribute
Neither of these authors presents a hard-edged revisionist thesis, marshaling historical evidence in its defense, as did Barbara Ehrenreich in her masterful work (covering some of the same ground), “The Hearts of Men: American Dreams and the Flight from Commitment.” However, both books contribute to the overall canon of work on the decade--Oakley’s book as a source book and Eisler’s as an anecdotal memoir.
Oakley concludes that the ‘50s was “a seminal age, a time when the seeds of future dramatic changes were sown.” And Eisler laments that she will never fully enjoy life’s offerings, saddled as she is by her ‘50s upbringing, occasionally retreating into a self she doesn’t really respect: “More shameful though, when I am feeling down about my professional . . . I take psychological refuge at home base . . . I lean gratefully on the social approval (still) claimed by a wife and mother in our society.”
At times hyperbolic in her conclusions, Eisler likens members of her “transitional” generation to “former prisoners” who will never escape their jailers. “We are the last men and women in America to have expected to live the way our parents lived, only to be cast into uncharted terrain, with neither compass nor maps.”
Have Moved Forward
It is clear from reading these books that rather than returning to ‘50s mores, Americans in the 1980s have moved forward. While today’s college students--indeed, the entire population--appear quiescent, we are, in fact, internalizing and enjoying unparalleled freedoms in the personal domain. Women, men and minorities have never had so many options, so few restrictions, so little prejudice. There exists a freedom of choice in the sexual arena altogether absent in the ‘50s. Young adults in the ‘80s are marrying later or not at all, with the feeling that the single status is an acceptable one and that homosexuality is no disgrace.
Decades that appear to be stagnant often do their growing in dormancy. In our national need to sentimentalize the ‘50s, to fix it in time as an oasis of tranquillity and sterling values, too often we clutch at the symbols, the consumer goods, the Mickey Mouse ears, without examining the undertow of change. Taken as companion pieces, these two books help illuminate a decade that tells us a lot about ourselves in the ‘80s and beyond--but not everything. | <urn:uuid:17b9025d-b261-45f2-b85c-db82d2fe3430> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-14-vw-7094-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957975 | 1,448 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Science of Learning Center Comes to UC San Diego
A better understanding of how humans learn could lead to improved teaching techniques and, along the way, alter the trajectories of countless human lives.
Thanks to a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant for $3.5 million, with the possibility of an additional $32 million over the next decade, a UC San Diego-based interdisciplinary team of scientists and educators is poised to clarify the importance of time in learning.
The center – called The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center – will benefit from major participation from scientists at Vanderbilt University, Rutgers University at Newark, and other
When you learn new facts, interact with colleagues and teachers, experiment with new gadgets, or engage in countless other learning activities, timing plays a role in the functioning of your neurons, in the communication between and within sensory systems, and in the interactions between different regions of your brain. The success or failure of attempts to communicate using gestures, expressions and verbal language also depends on timing.
|Gary Cottrell, Computer Science and Engineering professor from UCSD’s Jacobs School of Engineering.|
Gary Cottrell, a Computer Science and Engineering professor from UCSD’s Jacobs School of Engineering, is the driving force behind the founding of the center as well as a participating researcher. Cottrell recruited over forty researchers from across the
The NSF’s Science of Learning Centers program offers awards for large-scale, long-term centers that will extend the frontiers of knowledge on learning of all types and create the intellectual, organizational, and physical infrastructure needed for the long-term advancement of learning research.
“It was a monumental task putting this together,” Cottrell said, “but when we started talking about our plans, people just came out of the woodwork to join in. It was a group effort,” Cottrell said.
Cottrell will direct The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center in concert with Andrea Chiba, a professor at the Cognitive Science department and an affiliate of the Graduate Program in Neurosciences at UCSD and with Terry Sejnowski, who is the head of the Computational Neurobiology Laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and a professor of Biology at UCSD.
“Our approach to organizing research at the center is unique. We have created four research networks, made up of interdisciplinary teams to study the same questions using differing methods, skills, and expertise. We have explicitly not created groups that will just meet and tell each other about their research,” explained Cottrell. “Rather, we will work across disciplines to synchronize our research on various aspects of time and timing in learning to develop a more comprehensive, multidisciplinary science focused on the temporal dynamics of learning, from the laboratory to the classroom.”
The award is for $3.5 million for the first two years. The NSF, with input from peer reviewers, will then decide whether to fund an additional $12 million over the next three years. The grant could then be renewed for another $20 million over the following five years.
Only four other Science of Learning Centers have been funded in recent years. The NSF is, however, in the process of funding two new centers: one will be dedicated to understanding spatial aspects of learning and the other will focus on vision and learning.
At UCSD and the relevant partner institutions, the four networks of The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center will collaborate to form a “network of networks” structure that could revolutionize the way in which collaborative scientific research is performed.
The researchers are asking questions that cross the boundaries of traditional fields of learning research. In an attempt to achieve results that will extend beyond academia, questions are being developed through ongoing dialogue with educators. The researchers hope to improve teacher understanding of the scientific research pertaining to the dynamics of learning. In addition, the researchers aim to collaborate with teachers to understand the dynamics of how students are taught in the classroom. Through this process of outreach and “inreach” -- bringing teachers into the laboratory -- the center’s researchers hope to ensure that their work will be relevant to the real world of the classroom.
The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center will integrate its research and educational mission through the Education Outreach Center that will be co-directed by Paula Tallal from Rutgers University at Newark and Terry Sejnowski from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
The name of the center, when combined with its official slogan, highlights the dual research and education missions: The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center: Better Learning through the Advancement of the Science of Time (TLC: BLAST).
The Preuss School -- a middle school and high school on the UCSD campus that provides intensive college prep education for motivated low-income students (Dr. Doris Alvarez, principal) -- will serve as a “living lab” for appropriate research projects, such as testing new ideas concerning how and when new material should be presented to students.
UCSD’s Student Educational Advancement office, whose primary mission is to motivate and prepare educationally disadvantaged and first-generation college students for college success and graduate school, is another outreach partner.
“Timing is everything. It’s been a neglected area that we think can really be exploited to help us understand some of the basic ways in which information is integrated in our brains across a variety of timescales. I think we could transform the way that research is actually done by understanding in a real classroom setting how children interact with teachers and use that to help inform our science,” said Terry Sejnowski.
“Attempting to understand the temporal dynamics underlying effective learning and memory is an enormous undertaking that will require synchronization of research across multiple disciplines and research models,” said Andrea Chiba. “For example, the structure of our center will allow us to carry out similar experiments, simultaneously, in humans, animal models, and computational models. The San Diego Supercomputer Center will provide us with the cyberinfrastucture necessary to embark on such a large scale collaborative endeavor.”
The scientists who are part of this new multidisciplinary center hail from a variety of fields, including machine learning, psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, molecular genetics, biophysics, mathematics, and education.
“Creating a Science of Learning Center with our colleagues from Rutgers and from Vanderbilt is really an exciting development that is consistent with the mission and vision for this campus. We have the number one neuroscience program in the country. We have the San Diego Supercomputer Center which is unique in being able to handle the large data sets that will be generated by basic research. It will be a wonderful multidisciplinary center,” said UCSD Chancellor Marye Anne Fox.
The four networks that will make up The Temporal Dynamics Learning Center are the:
- Sensory Motor LearningNetwork: Researchers will study the fine temporal dynamics of synaptic learning and motor learning. The network leader is Dan Feldman, professor of Biology and Neuroscience at UCSD.
- Interacting Memory Systems Network: Scientists will focus on the timing of interactions among memory systems. The network leader is Andrea Chiba, professor of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience at UCSD.
- Perceptual Expertise Network: Investigators will study the time course of how representations come online in perceptual expertise, such as face processing. The network leaders are Isabel Gauthier and Tom Palmeri from the Psychology Department at Vanderbilt University.
- Social Interaction Network: Researchers will study how time affects interactions between children and adults in educational settings. Insights on learning may be passed on to RUBI, a social robot that currently teaches numbers, colors and other basic concepts to kids at the UCSD Early Childhood Education Center. The network leader is Javier Movellan, director of the Machine Perception Lab at UCSD’s Institute for Neural Computation, located in the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) on the La Jolla campus.
|The developers of RUBI, a social robot that currently teaches kids at the UCSD Early Childhood Education Center, are involved in the new research center.|
The inspiration for the network-of-networks model came from the success of an interdisciplinary, multi-institution research group called the Perceptual Expertise Network (PEN) which Cottrell and Gauthier helped to create five years ago. Perceptual expertise relates to our ability to rapidly categorize objects such as faces at the individual level. PEN researchers have studied whether face expertise is a special skill or an extension of more general expertise learning, such as that exhibited by a discerning judge at a dog show. During the five years of PEN’s existence, collaborations among researchers in the PEN network expanded exponentially, rapidly moving the science of perceptual expertise forward.
Like the Perceptual Expertise Network, the impact of The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center is expected to be greater than the sum of its parts. The researchers working within the new network of networks are expected to develop, among other things, cross cutting resources that should be available and useful to various scientific and educational communities. The resulting resources are expected to include the:
- Motion Capture Facility, led by Emo Todorov of the Cognitive Science department at UCSD, and Howard Poizner of UCSD’s Institute for Neural Computation. The Facility will be housed in the Calit2 building and will be used to capture the fine scale timing of interactions between teacher and students in one-on-one teaching contexts. Analyses of these interactions will serve as a model for RUBI, the preschool-teaching social robot.
- Brain Dynamics Facility, led by Scott Makeig, director of UCSD’s Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience. This facility is expected to provide the state-of-the-art algorithms and hardware necessary for simultaneous EEG (electroencephalography) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) measurements. The simultaneous use of EEG and fMRI technologies in the same person – a long-standing scientific goal and technical challenge – would provide high resolution, simultaneous information on both the timing and localization of brain activity that could yield insights on the process of learning.
- Data Sharing Facility led by Reagan Moore of the San Diego Supercomputer Center and Mark Appelbaum of the Psychology department at UCSD. The facility will provide scalable, cutting-edge analytical capacity for the large-scale data mining that will be critical to the interdisciplinary and collaborative nature of the new research collective. This facility may also serve as a data-sharing model for other interdisciplinary communities.
Center-affiliated researchers will be aiming to enhance and disseminate existing research-based learning initiatives, such as the language and reading intervention products, FastForWord; a face and emotion recognition training system for autistic children called Let’s Face It; the robotic preschool teacher, RUBI; as well as develop new translational research initiatives.
The center’s goals will be enhanced by the participation of corporate partners, including the Scientific Learning Corporation and Jensen Learning Corporation, both K-12 education companies. The Science Network -- a non-profit, online TV network developed by Roger Bingham, a researcher affiliated with UCSD and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies – is expected to grow to disseminate information from the center and may be used as a vehicle to educate the public and policy makers in order to inject science into the discussion of education reform.
In addition to advancing the basic science of learning and teaching, The Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center has the long-term goal of understanding how to more effectively and efficiently translate this science from the research laboratory into the classroom.
Jacobs School of Engineering | <urn:uuid:c848c84d-d56f-4011-88ab-2e6af643792f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/release/575 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926854 | 2,445 | 2.1875 | 2 |
At my firm, Integral, we wanted to look at the impact of social and political issues on employee perceptions, behavior, and workplace experience—and how well employees perceived that their organizations represented those values. We worked with The Harris Poll to conduct a survey of more than 2,000 employed individuals across the United States from June-July 2021.
What we found surprised us.
First of all, with all this talk of a ‘great resignation,’ look no further than your values and your employer’s values. We found that your organization’s performance on societal and political issues impacts employee turnover and performance on the job. Organizations likely have employees on opposite sides of very polarizing issues. Feeling that their organization makes a positive difference on their top values activates employees to support business goals and outcomes. Meanwhile, employees who do not believe their employer’s values align with their own are 2.5 times more likely to take negative actions against their employer’s interests.
In the past, employers have asked employees to live the organization’s values. What we learned is that if employees feel their organization reflects their values, it significantly impacts how an employee shows up to work. In a nutshell, it’s time to listen to your employees’ values -- and use that understanding to bring your company’s values to life—rather than solely dictate them.
So what societal and political issues topped the list?
The overwhelming majority (40%) of participants selected employees’ good health and well-being as their top issue. From what I can see, many of our organizations have really met the moment with an improved focus on the importance of mental health and physical health.
Job creation ranked second at 26%, which indicates the split between job loss during the pandemic and the Great Resignation. Economic security is definitely on the mind of employees.
Racial inequity/discrimination/hate crimes/prejudice/ bias landed right in the middle. Many Americans are confronting systemic racial injustice for the first time. Consciousness has been raised again on this. In the demographic breakdown of our Index, African-American respondents rank this issue more highly. Yet, clearly, this is on everybody's mind.
At Integral, our hypothesis is that we are in a moment in time where many institutions are failing people. We believe these top-ranked issues imply that employees want employers to take a stand on health and well-being and economic security.
Our insight is that organizations have to look at your culture issue by issue to understand the varying points of view. Organizations need to find acceptable ways to address these issues appropriate to the workplace given the inextricable tie between personal values, organizational values, daily mindset, and employee behaviors.
With personal values aligned to the organization’s values, employees are more likely to:
● have a positive mindset about their job
● feel better about their company culture
● more likely to come to work ready to take positive actions on behalf of their organization
● feel that their colleagues have a more positive work culture
While these effects reflect mindsets, perceptions, and feelings, the real opportunity is in the actions that employees in alignment with company values are ready to take -- for and against their employer.
However, our Index also found that nearly one-fifth of respondents believed that their teammates and colleagues would take negative action against their organization--in double-digits!
Our survey findings make it very clear: Employees are not a monolithic, homogeneous “internal only” group. And employees are giving employers a performance review.
Especially in a world of digital platforms and portability, internal communications are no longer — and probably never were—strictly internal. In a world where Customer Experience (CX) and User Experience (UX) rule, employees expect organizations to provide a personalized, data-driven experience. And this customization impacts employee likelihood to engage on social media channels or write positive online reviews.
We’d even go as far as to say that employees are consumers of work. In the same way that an Airbnb host or an Amazon retailer needs to provide a delightful and frictionless experience in order to earn a positive review, so too must employers create authentic, positive, and compelling experiences to earn the endorsement from an increasingly discriminating talent pool.
About the author
Ethan McCarty is a lecturer of Executive Education and Strategic Communication at the School
of Professional Studies. He is the founder and CEO of Integral, an employee activation agency, recently named 2021 Best Agency by the Institute of Internal Communications. | <urn:uuid:c07a4bcf-d908-45d5-9d30-ac5f13078e57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sps.columbia.edu/news/great-resignation-perils-misaligned-employeeemployer-values | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954158 | 936 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Heavenly Father, You are righteous, holy and just above all others. I worship You today in Your perfection and majesty.
Read Psalm 82:1-8
A psalm of Asaph. God presides in the great assembly; he renders judgment among the “gods”: “How long will you defend the unjust and show partiality to the wicked? Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy; deliver them from the hand of the wicked. “The ‘gods’ know nothing, they understand nothing. They walk about in darkness; all the foundations of the earth are shaken. “I said, ‘You are “gods”; you are all sons of the Most High.’ But you will die like mere mortals; you will fall like every other ruler.” Rise up, O God, judge the earth, for all the nations are your inheritance. Scripture taken from the THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION, NIV Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
ReflectWhat role do you have to protect and defend those in need?
Throughout the Bible, God is clearly shown as being on the side of the poor and he expects his people to be so as well. Verse 3 is a clarion call to us today, blasting through the fog of complexity that so often surrounds the issues and problems we encounter. Here are three questions to help us figure out how to live verse 3 and make it real: a) Who in your life right now is weak/fatherless/oppressed? b) What’s stopping you from helping them? c) What can you do about it, if not now, soon? In addition to recognizing the need to take personal responsibility, the writer of this psalm acknowledges that God is sovereign and over all things. Ultimately, justice will only be fully realized under God’s judgment and his rule (1,8). Our political leaders, bosses or rulers may not be justice-minded, but when King Jesus returns he will reveal them for what they are (7). Jesus is the King we need. Jesus’ rule will set all things right (c.f. Isa. 61:1-3). Until he returns, he calls us to live upwards and outwards, prayerfully seeking God in all we do; by loving mercy and being just and fair.
What’s the balance like in your life right now between praying and acting? Do you need to increase one of these?
Father God, stir our hearts and strengthen our arms to meet the needs of the widows and fatherless we meet. | <urn:uuid:0381231c-aa4f-4c64-8e06-4830f844f3e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scriptureunion.org/dailydiscovery/poor-judgment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.945298 | 619 | 1.59375 | 2 |
G. Neil Cole’s Life Transformation Groups are the simplest form of cells known to me. Small groups of two or three can flexibly schedule their meetings and adapt if a temporary change is needed. Busy schedules often restrict involvement in a larger group.
Larger groups often run at the speed of the slowest spiritually developing member, which holds back those ready to advance. In smaller groups, no dependency on a CEO leader develops; it’s more peer oriented and allows the level of challenge adjust to meet the flexible needs of the new believer’s situation.
JUMP Groups are an adaptation of Life Transformation Groups which allow for an “Life Transformation Group lite” experience; the original LTG questions can be intimidating.
H. JUMP Groups read a significant amount of scripture repetitively over several weeks. This form of lectio divino builds a familiarity with the scripture that allows patterns to emerge as the reader uncovers new insights with the help of the Holy Spirit.
I. JUMP Groups use questions inspired by John Wesley’s bands to teach accountability and provide ambitious, prayerful goals for living. Like Wesley’s bands, groups are best segregated by gender to allow for differences in sharing and ensure safe boundaries in relationships.
The quote is a selection from David O. Kueker’s Fuller Seminary Doctor of Ministry project submitted in September, 2007, entitled Diagnosis, Dialogue, and Decision: A Threefold Process of Revitalization For the Illinois Great Rivers Conference.
It is shared here in recognition of its 12th Anniversary along with comments to update and provide perspective on the material. The original project was a Training Manual/Study Guide of three Seminars supported by three chapters of research and an Introduction. The material is available for download at www.disciplewalk.com/Resources.html. In 2009 it was provided for purchase as a softcover book entitled Designing Discipleship Systems: Christian Disciple Making For Any Size Church, Any Theology through CreateSpace.com.
All Scripture quotations are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1946, 1952, and 1971 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Please review the page How and Why We Use Quotes.
Greg Ogden recommends a group of three or four, finding that pairs with a single mentor/parent are far less productive than a group with two mentor/parents to provide care for a third and fourth person. Single parenting is hard. The power of a committed partnership is as important for those reaching out as well as those receiving care. Greg Ogden, Transforming Discipleship: Making Disciples A Few At A Time (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 54, 145. | <urn:uuid:bfbc8550-b599-4733-a41d-4779047b8768> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ambidextrouschurch.com/2019/02/04/neil-coles-life-transformation-groups-are-the-simplest-form-of-cells-known/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.917697 | 624 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Battery electric is the next step, but afterwards it’ll come the time of fuel cell. Solaris Bus & Coach will unveil in 2019 the Solaris Urbino 12 hydrogen, a new generation vehicle deriving power from a hydrogen fuel cell.
Fuel cell buses and future scenarios
The fact that fuel cell will see a grow of its share is clear from ZeEUS eBus Report #2 released by Uitp (see picture below, or download the full report HERE). Fuel cell buses are expected to have a market share of 2 per cent in 2020 and 10 per cent in 2030, in the segment of urban buses and in European area. Still a little “slice” compared to the 52 per cent forecast of battery electric… but the multiplication for five is anyway impressing and opens up interesting scenarios for after 2030 years.
Going back to Solaris Urbino 12, the energy needed to power the driveline of the bus will be obtained from hydrogen which will be processed in a fuel cell to electric power. Thanks to the technology used in the hydrogen buses, (of all the firm’s electric buses) these will be able to cover a record-long distance on a single refuelling – over 350 km.
Record range for fuel cell buses
The vehicle will be also fitted with one of Solaris’ small High Power traction battery of 29.2 kWh which is to support the fuel cell when the demand for energy is biggest. The battery will be charged with hydrogen energy. In addition, it will be possible to recharge it by means of a plug-in charging outlet (as is the case in standard electric buses). On the other hand, an axle with integrated electric motors, with a nominal power of 60 kW each, will constitute the drive unit. The twelve-metre bus will boast a substantial passenger capacity, as it will be able to carry up to 80 travellers.
Fuel cell bus by Solaris is also one of the topic of the interview realized by Sustainable Bus with Mateusz Figaszewski, director e-mobility development in Solaris (you can watch it HERE or below).
Solaris Bus & Coach, long time relationship with fuel cell
The new generation Solaris Urbino 12 hydrogen represents the continuation and development of a concept which saw the light of day in 2014 for the first time, when two articulated electric buses (Solaris Urbino 18,75) powered with hydrogen fuel cells as range extenders, were delivered to Hamburg. Both buses still cover bus route 109 on a regular basis. Batteries constituted the basic drive source of the buses showcased four years ago. In the new hybrid bus, electric energy propelling the vehicle will be derived from hydrogen, whereas the battery will only have a support function.
Climate system with CO2 heat pump
This is not the only state-of-the-art solution available in the new vehicle, states a press release from Solaris Bus & Coach. The twelve-metre Solaris Urbino hydrogen will be equipped with cutting-edge fuel cells of the latest generation, boasting a power of 60 kW. The producer is using also the latest hydrogen storing technologies, by installing hydrogen tanks made of composites on the vehicle roof – thanks to this step the mass of the tanks will be reduced by about 20% compared to previous models. In order to optimally reduce energy use in the vehicle, it will feature a climate comfort system with a CO₂ heat pump; the system will allow to use waste heat from the fuel cell. This is a completely novel proposition that is to guarantee extraordinary efficiency while significantly improving the driving range of the bus.
Solaris Bus & Coach, fuell cell is also for trolleybuses
«The revolution in terms of green public transport has become a fact – Solaris has decided to respond to market demand with a whole new product. Hydrogen buses have the potential to be very popular on the market: they are cheap in use, lighter than electric buses, can cover a distance of 350 km on a single hydrogen refuelling (that is also the average daily range of a city bus) and they are completely emission-free – the only substance emitted while the bus is driving is steam», declares Dariusz Michalak, vice-CEO of Solaris Bus &Coach, in charge of the research and development division. The company supplied the first trolleybus with fuel cells to Riga last year. This year, 10 such vehicles will drive across the capital of Latvia in total. | <urn:uuid:6e5c37f7-a914-4e00-becf-436e9abdcdce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sustainable-bus.com/fuel-cell-bus/solaris-bus-coach-fuel-cell-bus-urbino-12-hydrogen-2019/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939564 | 926 | 2.3125 | 2 |
|Oregon State Bar Bulletin APRIL 2007|
the "no man's land" that is Guantanamo
By Melody Finnemore
As a law student, Sam Kauffman never imagined he would see the U.S. government imprison human beings indefinitely while denying them access to a court of law to challenge their imprisonment.
Now, 14 years later, as one of several Portland attorneys representing detainees at the U.S. military base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Kauffman knows firsthand what it’s like to try to provide legal representation for someone who has been stripped of that basic constitutional right.
"We get used to our court system and take it for granted that there are rules we abide by," says Kauffman, who is of counsel with Garvey Schubert Barer. "The federal judges who are handling these cases seem powerless to do anything, and that’s unusual. Usually they say, ‘This is what’s going to happen’ and it happens."
Along with Kauffman, the Portland attorneys representing Guantanamo detainees include: Kauffman’s colleague, Bob Weaver; Jan Kitchel with Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt; Tom Johnson with Perkins Coie; and a team from the Oregon Federal Defender office, including its head, Steven Wax, and attorney and investigator William Teesdale.
The private practice attorneys in that group volunteered to represent the detainees after receiving word of their plight through the Center for Constitutional Rights, a New York-based legal advocacy group, and the American College of Trial Lawyers. Each has undertaken the effort at considerable personal and professional expense.
Weaver estimates he and Kauffman have spent about 1,000 hours — worth an estimated $350,000 in legal fees — and $100,000 in travel and other costs, since they began representing a pair of detainees in fall 2004. However, neither they nor the partners at Garvey Schubert Barer thought twice about it, Weaver says.
"They were instantly universally in support of it," he says. "The legal fiction this administration has created to hold those men without due process should offend every lawyer in America, and it does offend every lawyer in this office."
Johnson traveled to Guantanamo four times to meet with his client, Ihlkham Battayav, and to Kazakhstan to investigate facts that supported Battayav’s innocence. Johnson says he volunteered about 450 hours on the case last year, and spent at least $10,000 each time he traveled to Guantanamo.
Johnson’s managing partners also lent their full support, even when Cully Stimson, now a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs, attacked firms like Perkins Coie for representing the detainees. In an interview with a Washington, D.C., radio station earlier this year, Stimson said: "When corporate CEOs see that those firms are representing the very terrorists who hit their bottom line back in 2001, those CEOs are going to make those law firms choose between representing terrorists and representing reputable firms."
Perkins Coie, whose client list includes The Boeing Co., experienced no corporate backlash, Johnson says.
"Our position in these cases … is that we want these guys to get a fair hearing. It’s been six years and most of these guys have never had anything like that," he says. "It’s great that it’s gone from 900 detainees to 400, but these 400 guys still have families and, like Ihlkham, they just want to go home."
The Wrong Place at the Wrong Time
Shortly after the U.S. began bombing Afghanistan in response to the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, a massive roundup of suspected al-Qaeda and Taliban members began. The number peaked at about 900 initially imprisoned at Guantanamo. Today, fewer than 400 remain in custody.
During the last five years, Congress passed two laws designed to strip detainees’ right to file habeas corpus petitions contesting their imprisonment. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled both times that such measures were unconstitutional. Then on Feb. 20, 2007, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld the Military Commissions Act’s denial of habeas corpus rights for the detainees, a ruling that sends the issue back to the U.S. Supreme Court.
For the Portland attorneys, frustration mounts as their clients languish in prison with no apparent legal recourse. Though physical conditions have improved somewhat, the psychological impact of endless detention is taking its toll. Many detainees were captured not because of any compelling evidence against them, but because of the $5,000 reward the U.S. military offered for each suspected Taliban and al-Qaeda member, the attorneys say
Johnson’s client, Ihlkham Battayav, was a businessman who frequently traveled from his home in Kazakhstan to Tajikistan. He was kidnapped in Tajikistan on Jan. 1, 2001, and sent to Afghanistan to fight for the Taliban. Battayav refused to fight but was held as a cook in a Taliban safehouse. He escaped with several others when the U.S. military began bombing Afghanistan, but he was captured by a warlord from Uzbekistan who turned him in for the $5,000 reward. The U.S. government labeled him an enemy combatant because of his "association" with the Taliban, Johnson says.
Teesdale’s client, Adel Hamad, was captured in 2003. He triggered suspicion because he worked for a pair of charities as a teacher and as a hospital administrator in Afghanistan. The U.S. military alleges that through these charities, Hamad associated with al-Qaeda members.
"I believe Mr. Adel Hamad is a completely innocent man, and that creates a sense of frustration and injustice that he can’t be released immediately," Teesdale says.
Outside the Comfort Zone
Few of the private practice attorneys representing Guantanamo detainees had any previous relevant experience they could call upon when it came to habeas corpus matters or international criminal cases. Kitchel, a personal injury lawyer who has specialized in civil litigation for nearly 29 years, calls his efforts to represent Younous Chekkouri a journey into "uncharted waters."
"I’ve never handled a habeas corpus case and I’ve never handled a criminal case before, so this is all new to me," he says. "With most of my cases I knew how to do them and I don’t really have to look up the laws anymore. On this case, it’s all new."Only Wax’s office, which was assigned to represent seven detainees, had handled something similar when it represented several "indefinite detainees" who were ordered to be deported by the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the late 1990s.A lack of previous experience hardly mattered, however, because the situation at Guantanamo is unparalleled in American history. There are no previous cases to refer to and no legal protocols in place to serve as a framework. Each of the attorneys can cite innumerable differences in the way they normally handle a case and the unusual measures they’ve had to take to represent detainees at Guantanamo."The client is not charged with any crime, so there’s no process in place. Part of what we’re trying to do is create a process," Kauffman says.
The first step was to obtain security clearance from the U.S. government, a process that took months. They also had to acquire interpreters to help, which added to the delay. "Initially there were very few interpreters that the military and the justice department — and you’ve got to go through both — would provide clearance for, so they were very much in demand," Weaver says.
During the wait, the attorneys prepared for their cases in the few ways possible. Those in Wax’s office received a crash course in Middle Eastern religion and culture as well as torture and the rules of war. They attempted to discover more about the seven men they were going to represent, but made little headway.
"We tried to learn anything we could based on what was said in the pro se petitions, but it was extremely difficult because there wasn’t much information in them," Teesdale says. "How can you prepare for a meeting with someone when you don’t even know what the allegations are against them?"
In one case, Wax adds, the U.S. government wouldn’t even say where one detainee was from. "When we got into the cases we had no idea whether we were representing the worst of the worst captured on the battlefield or innocent men or something in between," he says.
Wax’s team was denied access to the seven detainees’ tribunal records, which are held in a secure location in Washington, D.C. They achieved a small victory when the Associated Press won a Freedom of Information Act judgment against the Department of Defense that resulted in the release of electronic records about the detainees. Teesdale stayed up all night reading through them, then e-mailed the information that was relevant to their cases to Wax as he and a couple of other team members caught a connecting flight from Fort Lauderdale to Guantanamo for their first visit.
Weaver and Kauffman encountered a similar dearth of information regarding their clients, who have been held since 2002. Though they normally would have had discovery boxes full of information, they received few details on their clients and why they were being held. Much of the information was classified and held in a secure location in Washington, D.C. "You can look at it but you can’t take any of it with you or take any notes. The files are very thin anyway," Weaver says.
Along with the limited background information and research available, it was next to impossible to even outline a legal strategy for his client because there is no guaranteed process, Weaver says.
"What I have seen is that, notwithstanding the system of laws we have, a powerful sovereign can easily delay the administration of justice for a number of years. I liken it to the Civil Rights struggle," Weaver says. "I believe we will eventually prevail, but I can’t tell you how or when."
The real challenges lay ahead as the attorneys prepared to finally meet their clients.
The connecting flights from Fort Lauderdale to Guantanamo Bay take place aboard a pair of aging prop planes. Upon landing, visitors see a locale as picturesque and serene as any Caribbean tourist destination. This side of Guantanamo Bay even features a Pizza Hut and a Starbucks.
"I sum up my reaction to my first visit as surreal," Wax says. "You’re in this tropical paradise where you’re looking at the Caribbean, and there are inmates who are a couple hundred yards away from it and can’t see it."
The attorneys are housed in a more desolate area and must have a military escort at all times. A boat transports them to the prison, where the conditions for their clients vary in degrees of harshness. Early on, detainees were held in an area called Camp X-Ray that basically consisted of outdoor cages unprotected from the summer’s burning sun and winter’s cold temperatures.
"My client will talk to me about anything," Johnson says. "He’ll talk to me about his kids, the kind of work he does and all sorts of other things, but he won’t talk to me about his physical treatment during the first five months he was held."
Detainees are moved from one holding area to another — each with different levels of security and amenities — seemingly without reason, he adds. Though many men have been designated non-enemy combatants, they often are held in isolation. Halliburton continues to build more detainment facilities there, Johnson says.
Weaver, a federal prosecutor for 15 years and a defense lawyer for another 15 years, has seen his share of prisons. However, Guantanamo — from its enormous military presence to the deprivation its inmates undergo — is unlike any he’s ever encountered.
"This is uniquely designed to frighten and intimidate the prisoners," he says. "One of the things that’s prevalent there is a suspicion of the motives of the lawyers who are there to help these people."
Access to clients is limited. There is no phone contact, and written contact is nearly impossible. "We can’t see them except at great expense and time, so we see them only occasionally," Kauffman says.
Kauffman and Weaver made their first trip to Guantanamo in July 2005. Since then, Weaver has been twice and Kauffman has been four times.
"Another obstacle we have is the lack of trust from the clients because they’ve been through so much and have been treated so poorly by Americans that we have to convince the clients we are there to help and they can trust us to represent their interests," Kauffman says.
Weaver says it’s challenging to explain the power of the U.S. court system to men who have lived under a dictatorship all their lives. It’s even more difficult to make that point when the U.S. court system appears virtually paralyzed in its handling of the habeas corpus cases. For example, Weaver tried to describe to his client why the Hamdan case [Hamdan v. Rumsfeld] was a victory for the detainees. "We could explain these esoteric principles on why this is a good thing, but it makes no difference to them because nothing is happening," Weaver says.
Fighting for Hope
Wax, who has visited Guantanamo three times, likens the U.S. government’s detainment policies to The Trial by Franz Kafka. He feels a mixture of emotions when asked about how the experience has impacted him.
"On the one hand, I’m proud of my country because
it permits me as a federal employee to fight this fight," he says. "On
the other hand, I’m deeply disturbed by my country because of what
it’s doing to the human beings it has locked up now for more than five
years and the continual distortion of the truth it puts out.
I’m disturbed by the legal positions put out by my government that run contrary to 800 years of Anglo-American legal and political thought."
Johnson says the issue is as basic as questions of evidence and the burden of proof. "In the U.S., in order to convict someone you have to present guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. But at Guantanamo there is detainment until the cessation of hostilities, which amounts to a life sentence for a lot of these people because as Tom Ridge (former secretary of homeland security) recently pointed out, this war could go on for generations," he says. "One of the awakenings for me is how futile it is in many respects to bring these kinds of cases to federal court under the present paradigm, because we’re really not getting anywhere in terms of habeas corpus."
Kitchel, who has been to Guantanamo twice in the last two years, says his client is among the many growing more fragile psychologically as their futures remain uncertain. "For a long time my guy was locked up with several other guys, so he had people he could talk to and they were outside for several hours a day. Now, for some reason, he’s in a high security area and he’s in solitary confinement for 22 hours a day. I foresee that the next time I see him, he will be insane," Kitchel says.
"I truly believe under the next administration, Guantanamo will be shut down," he adds. "Those who they can’t prove a case against will be let go, and those few who do have some kind of knowledge or evidence will be tried in a criminal court. I don’t think it will come fast enough to preserve their sanity, though."
Teesdale agrees one of the most frustrating aspects of his work at Guantanamo is not being able to tell his client what lies ahead. "You’re meeting with people who have been held for four years or more. It’s very difficult to meet with people in those circumstances and not be able to tell them, ‘You are going to have a hearing and have access to the process we would normally have,’" he says.
Weaver is astounded by the despair he sees at Guantanamo. "The level of hopelessness is mind-boggling and is worse than anything you see on death row in a prison in the U.S.," he says. "Given the history of the Guantanamo detentions and the obstacles placed in the way of those seeking legal redress, it is impossible to be optimistic. Still, we try to give our clients hope because that is what they minimally need to survive."
Kauffman says he has gained a new appreciation for America’s constitutional protections, but finds it hard not to feel a personal responsibility on some level. "What you could never believe could happen as a law student, they have done. They have locked these men up without due process and thrown away the key," he says. "When I go down and visit these men, I feel like I have to apologize to them because it’s my country that’s done this to them, and it’s shameful. I’m profoundly frustrated that there’s not more I can do. And, it’s frustrating for me that it’s taken so long for there to be public outrage about this."
Back to the Supreme Court
The recent appeals court decision brought a range of reactions from the Portland attorneys, from discouragement at the latest victory for the Bush administration to relief that the issue can now move to the Supreme Court.
"I am very disappointed," Kitchel says. "It will go up to the Supreme Court fairly quickly, but with the current makeup of the court a positive outcome for us is iffy. They ruled in our favor twice before, but that was without Chief Justice Roberts and without a positive Congressional statement to suspend the writ. Of course, I believe such a suspension is unconstitutional.
"I think any positive relief will have to come from a change in the administration, or from recent efforts in Congress to repeal the MCA [Military Commissions Act]. Senator [Chris] Dodd [D-Conn.] has sponsored a bill to do so, and with the change in Congressional demographics, it may pass," Kitchel adds.
Kauffman says he, too, was disappointed, not only that the ruling ignored the Supreme Court’s previous decisions, but that it took so long for the appeals court to render its decision. "Our clients are innocent and because of the D.C. Circuit Court they are now facing indefinite detention without being charged with any crime," he says.
Weaver says he was glad to see the ruling finally come down so the cases could progress to the Supreme Court. "The Supreme Court has reversed the appeals court a couple of times before on these cases, and we’re hopeful they will do it again," he says.
Wax also looks forward to future progress on the matter. "The fight is not over," he says. "I am hopeful that Congress will repeal the habeas jurisdiction-stripping legislation or the Supreme Court will reverse the circuit decision and restate the importance of habeas corpus as a restraint on executive power."
In the end, it may be public outrage that finally helps bring some resolution to the issue. As the U.S. government continues to stonewall the legal system’s support of habeas corpus rights for Guantanamo detainees, many attorneys are bringing new tools into the battle.
Johnson, whose client finally was released late last year, circulated a letter requesting Congress restore habeas rights to the prisoners. The letter was signed by more than 500 Oregon attorneys. Increased pressure from the public and the media will help get results, he says, noting that 60 detainees were released in the three months following the 2006 election. That was the biggest number since 2001, he points out.
Teesdale’s strategy involves simply showing his client’s humanity. The U.S. government has attempted to dehumanize the detainees by dressing them in jumpsuits, referring to them by numbers rather than their names and classifying them as the "worst of the worst captured on the battlefield," he says.
"That kind of rhetoric and the effort to dehumanize them
ignore the real truth that these are human beings who deserve to have a hearing
in a court of law," says Teesdale. "My client is an innocent man,
and I’ve risked my personal safety to go to Afghanistan and Pakistan
to gather evidence that proves he’s innocent. It’s horrifying
to me that the courts won’t even
Teesdale has turned to the Internet, where his evidence has gained plenty of notice. He created an eight-minute documentary about Hamad and posted it on YouTube. The video features footage of witnesses who corroborate Hamad’s assertions of his innocence. (See it at http://tinyurl.com/37cpcd.)
"The courts are closed to us right now and I hope they will open back up, but the way I see ahead right now is to increase public awareness about the issue. The YouTube piece is the best way to do that as I see it," he says.
In addition, several concerned citizens established a Project Hamad website, www.projecthamad.org, which draws hits from around the world. "I think that’s very exciting because it shows that we as individuals can make a difference even if the system isn’t working the way it should. It gives me hope that we can do something," Teesdale says.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Melody Finnemore is a Portland-area freelance writer and a frequent contributor to the Bulletin.
© 2007 Melody Finnemore | <urn:uuid:1d4687dc-3f82-45f6-8fb2-4c1fd0bef36c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osbar.org/publications/bulletin/07apr/uncharted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.9773 | 4,590 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Have Medicare? Get answers.
In a world of election periods, late enrollment penalties, pre-existing conditions and lock-in times, navigating the Medicare market can be downright confusing. You want to make the right choice to save yourself hassle and money, while ensuring that you have the coverage you need.
But the number of choices can be overwhelming. Wouldn’t it be easier if you could just make a phone call and get answers that make sense?
Good news. You can!
We’ll find the best Medicare plan for you.
Your Benefit Concepts agent will listen carefully to your coverage needs. Then we’ll use a simple, straightforward approach to determine which Medicare plan would fit your expectations and budget.
Give us a call today at 1-800-433-0553, e-mail us, or stop in to our Middletown office for an in-person consultation. Let’s get you started!
In the meantime, you probably have a few questions. Let’s answer some of them.
What is Medicare and how does it work?
Medicare is a federal program that provides basic medical coverage to citizens and legal residents of the United States age 65 or older, or to US citizens and legal residents of all ages who have qualifying disabilities, End Stage Renal Disease, or ALS (“Lou Gehrig’s disease”).
Traditional Medicare has several “parts” that cover different health needs. Some, like Part D prescription coverage, require their own enrollment procedures. We’ll talk more about the various Medicare parts below.
Private Medicare supplement policies — also known as “Medigap” policies — are referred to as “plans.” They’re not administered by the federal or state governments, but by health insurance companies. They exist to cover what Traditional Medicare will not.
Some recipients get confused by “parts” vs. “plans.” We’ll help you sort everything out!
Medicare Part A
Medicare Part A is the portion of the Medicare program that covers hospitalization. It covers inpatient room and board, inpatient medications, nursing home stays (following qualifying hospitalization events and subject to length-of-stay limitations), blood transfusions, inpatient mental health care, and hospice care.
There is a deductible for Medicare Part A, which resets 60 days after you have been released from the hospital (as long as you have not been re-admitted in the meantime). In addition, Part A charges recipients a daily co-insurance payment when hospital or skilled nursing facility stays exceed a certain length.
These can leave you with significant out-of-pocket bills, unless you purchase a secondary Medigap plan.
Medicare Part B
Medicare Part B covers physicians’ fees, diagnostic testing, preventive care, home health care, medical equipment, prosthetic devices, surgeons’ fees, ambulance and emergency room services, and certain medications.
Unless you qualify for a low-income subsidy, you will pay a premium for your Medicare Part B. Your premium is determined based on your income, the length of time you’ve been on Medicare and change in your health needs over time.
Part B benefits are subject to an annual deductible, plus an “80 / 20” coinsurance. Once your yearly deductible has been met, Medicare B covers 80% of additional expenses.
In some states, doctors that do not accept Medicare Assignment are permitted to “balance bill” you up to 15% over the Medicare allowable amount.
Other states do not permit this. And in the states that do, if your doctor accepts Medicare Assignment, they are not permitted to balance bill you.
That means that anticipating what you will be billed and what you will owe after Part B pays its covered portion can be an intensely frustrating, tricky exercise.
Luckily, private Medicare supplement plans can cover some of those out-of-pocket charges and simplify things for you.
Medicare Part C
Medicare Part C is more popularly known as “Medicare Advantage.” Part C coverages are privatized policies which pay in place of Medicare, not after Medicare. In this way, they are different from Medigap plans.
The federal government devised Part C as a way to shift some of the costs of Medicare onto the free market, by allowing private insurers to administer the plans semi-directly and leverage their cost advantages of HMO and PPO plan structures.
Part C coverages are administered by private health insurance companies. Conveniently, they often include Part D prescription coverage (more on that below), as well as other bonuses like hearing aids, dentistry and vision coverage, which aren’t covered under Traditional Medicare.
Part C premiums are typically very low (be advised, though, that participants are still responsible for their Part B premiums!).
As a trade-off for low premiums, though, Part C coverages often require co-pays, co-insurance and other shared responsibility payments. And they sometimes feature narrower provider networks than Traditional Medicare.
For some patients, Part C coverages make a lot of sense. For others, not so much. Give us a call to find out what Part C coverages are available in your area and we can weigh the pros and cons for you!
Medicare Part D
Part D covers prescriptions (an easy way to remember is that “D” stands for “drug”). You must enroll in Part D separately from Parts A and B; if you fail to do so, your prescriptions aren’t covered.
There are 3 ways to get Medicare Part D coverage.
- You can enroll in it as a standalone plan, in addition to your Traditional Medicare A and B.
- If you’re a Part C privatized coverage participant, your policy may include Part D coverage. We’ll need to check with your Part C insurer to make sure you’re covered.
- You can purchase a supplemental Medigap plan that includes Part D coverage.
Formularies, drug tiers, co-pays, and pharmacy networks can vary greatly from one company to the next, so it’s important your Benefit Concepts agent know what drugs you are taking, how often you take them, what dosages you take, and where you get them filled.
If you share that information with us, we can work with you to find the best possible coverage. If you choose not to, you risk encountering unforeseen gaps in your prescription coverage down the road.
Why Part D enrollment is so important.
Following Medicare Part D’s rollout, Congress passed an incentive / penalty system to push Medicare patients to enroll in prescription coverage of some form. It made the price for failing to enroll in prescription coverage pretty high.
If you don’t enroll in a Part D coverage during your initial election period (contact us for more details on this) you will not only be locked out of prescription drug coverage until the next Annual Election Period comes around, but you will be assessed a permanent 1% penalty (1% of the national average premium), on top of whatever plan you choose when you do sign up!
It’s absolutely in your best interest better to get Part D early — both for long-term savings, and to ensure you don’t get caught without coverage when you need it most. | <urn:uuid:1ed52f54-e0fc-4706-b37b-461f7296db7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://bchealthplans.com/medicare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.939191 | 1,543 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Correct spelling for LYCAN
We think the word lycan is a misspelling. It could be just an incorrect spelling of the words which are suggested below. Review the list and pick the word which you think is the most suitable.
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Possible correct spellings for lycan
- can What can we say?
- laban Of how the Lord met Jacob at Bethel, when he was on his way through strange places, to go and serve his uncle Laban; how he went with Joseph into Egypt, and afterwards led out the children of Israel through forty years of wandering, showing them signs, and comforting them all the way; how "He leadeth me" is still the believer's song, still the heart-meaning of every human life.
- lacuna It is a lacuna to be regretted, for in those phenomena the intensity of light must be an important feature.
- lan O my Lord, shall I be the one? O my Lord, shall I be the one? O my Lord, shall I be the one? Makin' for the promise lan'?
- layman In the English Church, the Rector, or chapter, or religious house or even a layman, has the whole right to the income of the Parish but the Vicar only to a certain portion of it as the Pastor of the Flock.
- lean Even a bookcase was better than nothing to lean against.
- liken Bringing this digression, which we may liken to an interlude, to a close, we again draw up the curtain, and open the second act of our little drama with an exhibition of the residence of Mr Harrison at Todshaw.
- loan I demurred; James looked anxious and disappointed; and the loan of the horse was at length granted, but not without a strict injunction that he should return to his work the moment the funeral was over.
- local As a girl, Elizabeth had lived in a home of plenty, in a home of local aristocracy.
- logan When licensed to preach, Logan became popular, and was in his twenty-fifth year appointed one of the ministers of South Leith.
- lucas The Chairman of the Raad, General Lucas Meyer, fresh from the battlefield, attracted the attention of the throng by announcing the arrival of the President.
- lydian Yet had she gain'd through all the Lydian towns For skill a mighty fame.
- lyon And now she met Mr. and Mrs. Lyon, with Melvina dancing along in front of them.
- pecan It may be that the pecan will grow and thrive as well on a number of different species of hickory, but definite information bearing on this point is lacking.
- scan Lester, standing in the front row of the onlookers, turned to scan the crowd for the beaming faces of the happy parents.
- Lucian His doctrine fell in with the prevailing dread of Sabellianism, his personal misfortunes excited interest, his dignified bearing commanded respect, and his connection with the school of Lucian secured him learned and influential sympathy.
- Lynn Lynn was sitting of the floor and everyone was sitting around her talking.
- Lyman Lyman urged, pleaded, tried to shame us, but it had no effect.
- Lycra As the body is changing shape and therefore levels of comfort, most maternity clothing is made with Lycra and elastic for stretch and growth.
18 words made from the letters lycan
Misspelling of the day
- contends for
- contends with
- cried for
- data sheet
- delves in to
- delves into
- didst well
- flaps one tongue | <urn:uuid:d1a6bf6a-916d-4239-8ebe-b943b27a07be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spellcheck.net/misspelled-words/lycan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950087 | 996 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Evidence suggests that around 0.1 percent to 0.2 percent of GDP are public expenditure on adult education. The total expenditure on adult education, including other financial sources such as funding through employers, learners’ fees etc., varies between 1.1 percent and less than 0.6 percent of GDP. At the same time, 70 million adult Europeans have difficulties with basic reading, writing and calculating. Only 10.8 percent of adults are participating in adult learning, while the European Union set its goal at achieving 15 percent by 2020.
Adult learning providers in Europe are faced with enormous challenges when it comes to creating learning offers with the limited funding available.
“According to research carried out with adult education providers across the EU, programme funding, learners’ fees and project funding are the most used funding tools. However, the nature of these means of financing is precarious. Programme and project funding require long application and reporting procedures, and learners’ fees are potentially excluding learner groups with lower purchase power. What providers need is sustainable funding,” says Suzanne Kyle, representing AONTAS the Irish National Adult Learning Organisation in the project.
Adult learning has a wide range of benefits for individuals, the economy, and society. These benefits include, among others, a higher income and better employability of individuals, a higher general well-being and health, a greater social inclusion and engagement in volunteer activities, a greater capacity for innovation and a higher competitiveness, as well as developing democracy and ensuring tax payments from citizens.
Benefits of adult learning can lead to a return on investment for governments.
“These benefits of adult learning can lead to a return on investment for governments. It means that money can be saved in other areas, such as medical treatments, policing of problematic parts of cities, or paying unemployment benefits,” says Gerhard Bisovsky, Director of the Association of Austrian Adult Education Centres.
“The return on investment can be used as an indicator to measure the effectiveness of adult education systems,” confirms Nicholas Fox, a member of the expert group on Financing Adult Learning.
Alongside the return on investment, a set of indicators for the financing of adult education were developed in the project. Applying indicators could create arguments for a better funding of the sector.
However, the project partners clearly state that the benefits of adult education must be perceived in a more comprehensive way, and that one-dimensional indicators or results might provide a distorted picture. The benefits of adult education are often only visible on a midterm or long-term perspective, or only indirectly or together with other factors.
The FinALE project experts therefore recommend to collect more data on the impact of adult education and to include the use of social rate of return techniques. Any evaluation of adult education returns should cover a full range of personal, community and economic benefits. Adult learning should be perceived as an investment, and not as a cost.
Download the final products of FinALE here:
- FinALE Executive Summary EN, FR, DE
- FinALE Advocacy Toolkit
- FinALE research paper Where to invest
- FinALE paper Indicators for Adult Education
Text: Raffaela KihrerPhotos: European Union 2015 / Source: EC - Audiovisual Service / Photo: Cristof Echard | <urn:uuid:7d91ea62-6b9d-4084-a14f-fd6058641f5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eaea.org/2018/03/21/adult-education-its-not-a-cost-its-an-investment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.940433 | 673 | 2.890625 | 3 |
We’ve previously talked about the importance of digital equity — which is another way of saying everyone should have access to internet-enabled economic opportunities.
As more Eastern Kentucky residents gain access to high-speed broadband at home, we must help them leverage it. One particular opportunity — the remote work economy — presents a significant opportunity to bring prosperity home.
But first, our residents need to gain the relevant skills to help them interview for and earn these remote jobs.
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law will be providing $2.75 billion in funding for remote work skills development to qualified grant applicants in regions like ours.
Let’s continue exploring how we can bring Eastern Kentucky communities further into the digital economy. Specifically, we’ll review a marketing-focused career path and the specialized software to increase eligibility for these remote positions.
Why specialized software skills are important
Remote work jobs require a different skill set than in-person roles. Demonstrating proven experience with specialized software will help our residents stand out in the hiring process.
That said, Eastern Kentuckians don’t need to pursue training for every major software available today.
You can help them identify a clear and deliberate path forward. Start by advising residents to select a career that matches their skills and interests:
- Marketing — requires writing, presenting, developing creative ideas, project management, and digital/automation software skills.
- Accounting — required skills can include spreadsheet management, Quickbooks, and bookkeeping skills.
- Sales — requires interpersonal, customer relationship management software, and time management skills.
- Administration — requires calendaring, customer service, and productivity software skills.
- Operations — requires interpersonal, project management, and technical software skills.
Once residents identify their ideal career pathways, they’ll need to identify the most relevant software to those positions today. This will help them focus their learning on the platforms that will increase their eligibility the most.
You can help make specialized software training possible for Eastern Kentuckians. Plenty of free resources and training curricula are available online. Check out our guide that’ll teach you how to provide digital training for Eastern Kentucky residents.
Let’s look at two skills relevant to remote marketing careers today: marketing automation and digital marketing. We’ll also discuss the leading software behind them and point you in the direction of helpful training resources.
If you’re interested in other career paths, stay tuned to the SOAR blog. We’ll explore different disciplines and related software in later posts.
What is marketing automation?
Marketing automation is the practice of using software to handle repetitive but critical tasks related to marketing. These tasks help teams manage core marketing channels, such as:
- Web pages
- Social media
Every company needs marketing — and the best teams use marketing automation to increase their capacity. A recent study showed that 82% of companies that implemented marketing automation tools saw a positive return on investment (ROI) for their businesses.
Remote careers that use marketing automation software
For those interested in getting involved in a marketing career, look at the SOAR Remote Work Jobs Board. Entry level positions will come with titles such as:
- Marketing Coordinator
- Marketing Associate
- Marketing Assistant
Training spotlight: Marketing automation software
We’ve rounded up the marketing automation software providers you’re most likely to encounter when applying for remote marketing careers.
These 5 platforms work with 63% of all marketing automation software users:
It’s preferable to have experience with the specific platform used by a prospective employer. But marketing automation skills are 100% transferable between platforms. If you can learn one, you can learn a second — you don’t have to get a certification in all 5 to be qualified!
We recommend selecting one of the following training programs to help your residents prepare for entry-level remote marketing careers. Nearly 1 out of 3 businesses use Hubspot for marketing automation, so you might want to start there.
Each of the following websites provides free courses to prepare to use marketing automation software:
What is digital marketing?
Digital marketing refers to any marketing efforts that take place online.
There are several paths you can take when considering a marketing career. One is specializing in digital marketing, which is particularly remote-friendly because all the work happens through online platforms.
Choosing a digital marketing specialty means getting comfortable with pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, search engine optimization (SEO), social media, and other digital channels.
Entry level digital marketing positions will have the following titles:
- Digital Marketing Coordinator
- Digital Marketing Associate
- Digital Marketing Assistant
- Online Marketing Assistant
Digital training spotlight: Digital marketing
There are two major players that digital marketing specialists need to pay attention to: Google and Meta.
Google runs the show for SEO and search engine marketing (SEM). The main tools digital marketers need to be familiar with are:
- Google Analytics, which measures website performance.
- Google AdWords, where you transact search engine marketing campaigns.
Meta owns some of the most important social media platforms globally — Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, and WhatsApp. Digital marketers must be fluent with the Meta Business Suite, where you can start, review, and analyze social media marketing campaigns across these channels.
Both Google and Meta provide free training resources to help digital marketers upskill and gain certifications for their platforms:
For an overview of digital marketing strategy, channels, and tactics, download the Complete Guide to Entrepreneurship in Eastern Kentucky.
Conclusion: Get funding for remote work software training in your community
As you develop programs to help your residents participate in the remote work economy, keep in mind that potential funding is coming online soon.
Thanks to the Digital Equity Act, the Commonwealth of Kentucky will be applying for planning and implementation grants to support remote work participation in our region. In the meantime, get familiar with best practices for grant applications by downloading the Grants 101 Playbook for Eastern Kentucky.
Subscribe to our blog to read more about digital equity — including the top software training opportunities to help our residents thrive as remote workers. | <urn:uuid:68c3925c-ee63-4354-928a-8c88b108a183> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soar-ky.org/remote-work-marketing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.900716 | 1,266 | 1.546875 | 2 |
California has an enormous environmental and economic stake in how we care for our ocean. It is responsible for the air we breathe, the water we drink, the seafood we eat, and for unparalleled recreational experiences. Our ocean economy was estimated at $43 billion in 2000, and that economy is largely dependent on the health of our ocean. We must protect and manage our marine resources and fisheries, maintain good coastal water quality, and devise ways to meet the challenges of climate change – particularly sea level rise – that threaten our coastal communities.
One of the principal goals of the Ocean Protection Council is to evaluate the way California protects and conserves the state’s ocean and coastal ecosystem resources and to recommend legislative or administrative changes. The OPC is working to coordinate governance and stewardship of the state’s ocean, identify priorities, bridge existing gaps, and ensure effective and scientifically sound approaches to protecting and conserving the most important ocean resources.
Governance Objectives of the 2006 – 2011 OPC Strategic Plan
Objective 1: Funding:
Numerous state agencies receive public funds to protect ocean and coastal resources. These agencies regulate how these resources are used, regulate activities that impact these resources, and purchase coastal resources and place them in the public trust. The OPC is tasked with analyzing state agency spending in order to maximize the efficiency of public fund expenditures.
Objective 2: Inter-agency Coordination and Collaboration:
A patchwork of state and federal statutes and accompanying regulations govern the management of California’s ocean and coastal resources. These laws were drafted over the last several decades, during which time no concerted effort was made to evaluate how well each agency discharged its duties. The OPC works towards improving coordination and management of state efforts to protect and conserve the ocean and to identify changes in federal law and policy necessary to better protect ocean resources. The OPC also works to ensure that resource managers and decision makers have access to the best available science to inform their decisions through advice from the California Ocean Science Trust and the OPC Science Advisory Team.
Objective 3: Enforcement:
California’s environmental laws are enforced by a number of federal, state, and local regulatory authorities, each of which may have its own enforcement unit. While it would be impractical and unwise to try to place all enforcement authority in one agency, enforcement efforts can and should be better coordinated between agencies.
Objective 4: Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM):
Ecosystem-based management is an integrated approach to management that considers the entire ecosystem, including humans, when making decisions. The goal of ecosystem-based management is to maintain an ecosystem in a healthy, productive, and resilient condition so that it can provide the services humans want and need. OPC supports the development of ecosystem-based management pilot programs in several regions throughout California.
Objective 5: Federal Influence.
By engaging federal government support for California’s priorities, the OPC looks to encourage cooperative management with federal agencies in order to protect and conserve representative coastal and ocean habitats and the ecological processes that support those habitats.
Objective 6: Regional Coordination.
OPC supports increased regional coordination between California, Oregon and Washington, focusing on measures to improve ocean and coastal management.
In addition to specific objectives listed in the strategic plan, the strategic plan also calls for the creation of a Science Advisory Team (OPC-SAT) to ensure that the best available science is applied to OPC policy decisions. The OPC-SAT is composed of leading scientists from all major ocean and coastal scientific disciplines including the social and human sciences. The Advisory Team works with OPC staff to ensure that all staff recommendations and projects proposed to OPC are based on the best available science.
Initiatives and Funded Projects:
Inter-agency Coordination and Collaboration:
- California Ocean and Coastal Law Inventory
- Ocean Protection Council Science Advisory Team (OPC-SAT)
- Coastal and Ocean Climate Action Team (CO-CAT)
- California Marine Renewable Energy Working Group
- Marine Life Protection Act Memorandum Of Understanding
- Marine Spatial Planning Resolution
- Coastal and Marine Geospatial Data
- Department of Fish and Game – State Water Resources Control Board Memorandum Of Understanding
Ecosystem Based Management: | <urn:uuid:3fec7de9-a507-4d11-988c-2c768835d42e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://opc.ca.gov/2010/06/governance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.915331 | 893 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Policies for preparation of the consolidated financial statements
Subsidiaries are companies that the group has control over. Control is created when the group, by participating in an entity, is exposed to the entity’s variable profit or is entitled to partake in its variable profit, and it is able to affect the said profit by exercising its control over the entity.
The acquisition method has been used to eliminate share ownership between group companies. The transferred consideration and the acquired company’s identifiable assets and liabilities have been recognized at fair value at the time of acquisition. Costs related to the acquisition have been recognized as expenses. The consideration transferred does not include transactions that are treated separately from the purchase. These are usually recognized in profit or loss. Any possible contingent purchase price is valued at fair value at the time of acquisition, and it is classified as either liability or equity. A contingent purchase price classified as a liability is valued at fair value at the end of each reporting period, and the resulting profit or loss is recognized in profit or loss. A contingent purchase price classified as equity is not valued again. Any possible non-controlling interests in the object of the acquisition are recognized either at fair value or at an amount corresponding to the non-controlling interests’ proportional share of the object’s identifiable net assets. The recognition principle is defined separately for each business acquisition. The treatment of goodwill resulting from the purchase of subsidiaries is described in the section titled “Goodwill”.
Acquired subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the moment the group gains control, and transferred subsidiaries are included up to the moment the control ceases to exist. Any business transactions between group companies, receivables, liabilities and unrealized gains as well as the internal distribution of profits are eliminated when the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Unrealized losses are not eliminated if the loss is due to impairment. Changes in the Parent Company’s ownership interest in the subsidiary that do not lead to loss of control are treated as business transactions concerning equity.
Associated companies are companies that the group has significant influence over. Significant influence is generally established when the group owns more than 20% of the votes in the company or when the group otherwise has significant influence but no control.
Associated companies are consolidated into the consolidated financial statements by means of the equity method. If the group’s share of the losses of an associate exceed the investment’s book value, the investment is recorded at zero value and losses exceeding book value are not consolidated unless the group is committed to fulfilling the obligations of associates. Investments in associates include the goodwill created by the acquisition. Unrealized gains and losses between the group and the associate have been eliminated in proportion to the group’s ownership interest. Unrealized losses are not eliminated if the business transaction points toward the impairment of the transferred asset. The share of profit in an associated company, proportional to the group’s ownership interest, is presented prior to operating profit. Correspondingly, the group’s share of any changes recognized under other items in the associated companies’ comprehensive income is recognized under other items in the group’s comprehensive statement of income. The group’s associated companies have had no such items during the accounting periods 2015–2021.
Avidly group does not have any joint ventures. | <urn:uuid:37b87292-f87f-4a5a-848c-06071a66dae2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://investors.avidlyagency.com/en/financial-information/accounting-principles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962728 | 676 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Training Iraqi Army Leaders Hits Cultural Wall
Training officers and sergeants to lead the Iraqi army is proving much more difficult than training rank-and-file soldiers.
U.S. Army Capt. Brian Dugan was already smoking mad. When he first arrived at this Iraqi army post in central Baghdad on a crisp October morning, he discovered that the gunner at the main entrance was missing from his truck-mounted weapon. Another 50 feet in, an Iraqi army guard, his helmet off, was sacked out on a pile of sandbags. A second guard was chatting with three buddies who were just hanging out at the checkpoint. And now this. “That latrine is locked,” Dugan said, glancing over at a bank of portable toilets. “I know exactly what this is. This is for the officers.”
Dugan was angry that the Iraqi commanders had staked out a private latrine for themselves instead of making their soldiers keep all the portable toilets clean. It was just another privilege they demanded, without accepting responsibility for their troops, he said. “Take the lock off, or I’ll cut it off,” Dugan told an Iraqi officer walking by.
In testimony in September before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Gen. John P. Abizaid, who leads the U.S. Central Command, said that a single Iraqi battalion was at “Level 1” combat readiness, meaning it was capable of taking the lead in combat without support from coalition forces. Gen. George W. Casey Jr., who oversees U.S. forces in Iraq said the number of Level 1 battalions had dropped from three to one since June.
Americans troops in Iraq say the reason is simple: The Iraqi forces are only as good as their commanders, and when those commanders are inadequate, transfer, quit or get killed in action, their units often fall apart. “You try to build leaders,” said Lt. Col. Robert M. Roth, commander of Task Force 4-64. “You’re trying to build officers. But you have to understand if you go in and say, ‘Duty, honor, country’ — no, it’s American. You can’t do that. The only thing they understand, for the most part, is money and authority.”
Although many of the Iraqi army commanders are veterans of former president Saddam Hussein’s disbanded military, they have no experience in leading a volunteer army of men in defense of a nation, the Americans said. “Privilege is a big thing with them, but we have to stress that with privilege comes responsibility,” Roth said. “We have to tell them that they’re expected to suffer the same environmental conditions as their soldiers. We tell them that you have to relate to that soldier because you may have to say to that soldier, ‘Go take that hill,’ and that soldier may die. We have to drill that into the commanders every day.”
Later in the longish article, we learn that Roth and company are having a difficult time teaching the leaders to be leaders, too. It seems to be the worst of both worlds: Not only do they demand aristocratic privilege but they are unwilling to issue unpopular orders. Usually, at least aristocrats are accustomed to giving orders and expecting them to be obeyed. | <urn:uuid:8931f387-3f44-4c6f-9a36-8e2e451f9221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.outsidethebeltway.com/training_iraqi_army_leaders_hits_cultural_wall/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980447 | 705 | 1.726563 | 2 |
An experimental study has been made of film delamination and cracking produced by indentation of diamond-like films deposited on glass substrates. In the indentation experiments, a Vickers indenter was loaded normally against a film surface with the load being kept in the range of 2g to 300g. The contact region was observed and photographed in-situ using a high resolution, optical microscope and video imaging system, while the indentation load-history was measured with a piezo-electric force sensor attached to the indenter. The experiments have enabled detailed observations to be made of the contact damage such as the initiation of film delamination and cracks in the film; the loads at which these events occur and their evolution during loading and unloading; and the ejection of fractured film fragments from the substrate. The implications of these results to characterizing the relative failure resistance of various films and for estimating their cohesive and adhesive strengths are discussed. | <urn:uuid:30c1e51f-8772-48b4-8e70-59f3595e97b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asmedc.silverchair.com/IMECE/proceedings-abstract/IMECE97/18343/287/1138484 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.954691 | 189 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Where do I find Statistics?
There are many sources for statistics, such as the U.S. government, non-profit research organizations, and educational institutions. The resources on this page will get you started.
Also at the Pew Research Center
The Pew's "All Things Census" site is an ongoing collection of commentary & resources on the 2010 Census findings.
The Pew also provides data such as:
* NOTE: If you want to download a dataset cited by Pew and can't find a data download link on any Pew site, try searching for the same data in ICPSR (the library has a subscription to ICPSR)
Mapping U.S. Demographic Data
SimplyMap is a powerful tool that allows users to select specific data sets and build custom demographic maps & reports for U.S. locations, down to the county, city or census tract level. (more about SimplyMap)
Notes about the use of SimplyMap:
To get help using SimplyMap, try the tutorials at the top right of the SimplyMap homepage, or Ask an Alden Library staff member for help. | <urn:uuid:6e33a1e7-9168-479f-9875-21115ad5a151> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://libguides.library.ohio.edu/journalism-jour2311/statistics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.890418 | 231 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Fictional characters,Martha Wayne and Thomas Waynewere the parents of Bruce Wayne, also known as Batman. With a whole history built up around the Batman genre, we know that Martha Wayne was born into one of the wealthiest families in Gotham City, later inheriting her family鈥檚 fortune, gained through their ownership of Kane Chemicals.
People also ask
What happened to Bruce Wayne’s parents?
The murders of Bruce Wayne’s parents once again play a major role in a Batman movie, as Matt Reeves’ The Batman builds to the mystery of who killed Thomas and Martha Wayne. Much like the death of Uncle Ben in Spider-Man movies, Bruce Wayne losing his parents is something most Batman films have included in some fashion.
Who are Batman鈥檚 parents Thomas and Martha Wayne?
Here鈥檚 everything you need to know about Thomas and Martha Wayne, as well as their legacy in the DC Comics universe. Who are Thomas and Martha Wayne? Batman鈥檚 parents Thomas and Martha Wayne were two of Gotham City鈥檚 most well-respected socialites.
Is Marth Wayne related to Bruce Wayne?
Kane is also the maiden name of Bruce’s mother. It turns out that in this case, there is one other notable Kane that Marth is related to. That would be Kate Kane, also known as Batwoman. This means that Kate Kane and Bruce Wayne are actually cousins.
Who are the Wayne family?
The Wayne Family are members of the Wayne Family and those that are related to them. Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. Let’s Go Luna! Wiki | <urn:uuid:08795ea7-ba27-4011-a4b4-97c50f35c018> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.florinef.top/who-are-bruce-waynes-parents-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.971098 | 360 | 1.914063 | 2 |
How fast can anacondas move?
How fast can an anaconda snake move? Anacondas are efficient swimmers and can reach a speed of about 10 mph (16.1 kmh) in water. On land, they can move at about 5 mph (8 kmh).
Do green anacondas eat dogs?
Green anacondas feed on large rodents, deer, fish, peccaries, capybaras, tapirs, turtles, birds, dogs, sheep, aquatic reptiles like caiman, and even jaguars.
Did you know facts about anacondas?
Anacondas are stocky, muscular snakes that are thicker than other boas. They have thick necks and narrow but large heads. All anacondas have nostrils and eyes on the tops of their heads, which allow them to see above the water while remaining mostly submerged.
Where do Green anacondas sleep?
Aquatic Plants. The primary hiding spot for anacondas is amid the roots and stems of aquatic plants. One of the world’s leading anaconda researchers, Jesus Rivas, finds most of the anacondas he studies hiding amid mats of vegetation in shallow water.
Does anaconda have poison?
Anacondas are not venomous; they use constriction instead to subdue their prey. Once an anaconda sights its target, it will grab the animal in its jaws, locking it in with its teeth. Once firmly grasped, the anaconda will coil around the prey and squeeze it until it dies of crushing or suffocation.
How big is the average length of a green anaconda?
With an average length of 6 m (20 ft.) and a top length of 8.8 m (29 ft.) the green anaconda is one of the longest snakes in the world.
What are the different types of anaconda snakes?
They are classified into four species: The Green Anaconda is the most interesting to most people, because it is the heaviest, and one of the longest, snakes in the world. It is usually dark green in color, with green, brown and yellowish spots, although coloring and size depends on the species.
Where do green anacondas live in the wild?
Anacondas stay around water and catch animals that come to drink water. Usually, they can be found near rivers, swamps, and bogs. They are good at camouflaging themselves in order to trap their prey. Green Anaconda moves a lot faster in water than they do on land.
Is the green anaconda a venomous snake?
The green anaconda is a member of a family of snakes called constrictors. Constrictors are not venomous snakes, which means they don”t kill prey by delivering venom through a bite. Constrictors are not venomous snakes, which means they don”t kill prey by delivering venom through a bite.
Was the world’s largest snake captured in the Amazon?
The world’s largest Anaconda was caught in Amazon forest . This snake had eaten 257 people & 2325 animals. It is 134 feet long and 2067 kg. This anaconda was caught alive by a long struggle after 37 days and killed by the Royal British commando force.
What animal is an anaconda?
Anacondas or water boas are a group of large snakes of the genus Eunectes. They are found in tropical South America. Four species are currently recognized.
What is the size of an anaconda?
Anaconda Facts. The maximum verified length of an anaconda is 30 feet (9 m), but on average they grow to around 15 feet (4.5 m) for females, and around 9 feet (2.7 m) for males. | <urn:uuid:1be204e3-9379-4420-859b-73508c9a6829> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://idairco.com/how-fast-can-anacondas-move/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936964 | 811 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Our animals are raised and maintained without routine antibiotics, growth enhancers, or any other drugs.
Our animals are all raised or maintained with plenty of fresh air and sunshine.
These products are free from any additives of any sort.
We buy our non-GMO corn from a local farmer.
We cannot guarantee that there is zero GMO present, as it is impossible to make such a guarantee since the corn is raised near neighboring farms where GMO corn is likely to be grown. With this, we can only do the best we can with what we have.
Pasture-raised means that our animals spend a significant portion of their days on pasture. Obviously, there are some seasonal limits on the exact time spent on pasture due to weather.
Grown and produced without chemical fertilizers or pesticides.
Our pigs, laying hens, and meat chickens are all fed a non-soy, nonGMO ration. | <urn:uuid:94931cab-2f3d-4408-a828-83b84772fca1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nettlecreekfarmandpantry.com/protocols | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955989 | 188 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is one of the most common distressing complication that patients may experience after stroke with a prevalence of 34% to 84%. Neurolysis (chemical, radiofrequency) of suprascapular nerve (SSN) is a long-lasting treatment option in treating HSP as SSN it provides 70% sensory innervation to shoulder articulation. A prospective randomized controlled trial was done to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound guided pulsed radiofrequency ablation and bupivacaine block of suprascapular nerve in reducing pain and disability in hemiplegic shoulder pain patients. Eighty-two patients enrolled in the study were allocated to 2 groups (Group A and B). Group A (n=41) received pulsed radiofrequency ablation while Group B (n=41) received bupivacaine block of SSN. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), active and passive range of motion, SPADI were used as outcome measures. Group A showed better improvement in pain from baseline to 24 weeks as shown by reduction in VAS score from 7.11 ± 1.125 to 1.54 ± 1.02. Reduction in SPADI from 83.24 ± 9.67 to 37.02 ± 9.87 in Group A was significantly more than 84.11 ± 10.04 to 52.88 ± 12.52 in Group B (p=0.000).
Published Date: 2020-08-07; Received Date: 2020-07-20 | <urn:uuid:0ab05aa1-1c4e-44e9-a3b7-c10c34604927> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.longdom.org/abstract/comparison-of-ultrasound-guided-pulsed-radiofrequency-ablation-and-bupivacaine-block-of-suprascapular-nerve-in-reduction-55782.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938371 | 323 | 1.5 | 2 |
Searching for a deceased relative? Fortunately, there’s a good possibility you’ll be able to find their obituary online—if you know what you’re looking for. In this article, we’ll teach you how to find an obituary for a specific person.
This post may contain affiliate links. We will earn a small commission, at no extra cost to you, if you make a purchase through an affiliate link.
Obituaries are a method of alerting a community about someone’s death. They are often called “death notices;” however, these two terms are not exactly the same. There are a few differences between an obituary and a death notice.
Both obituaries and death notices are extremely helpful when researching your family, so we’ll be talking about both in this article. Here is a quick overview of obituaries and death notices and their differences:
An obituary can be thought of as a tribute to a person’s life and accomplishments.
Some attributes that may be included in an obituary are: if they were well-known in the community, had a public-facing job, or were a volunteer, or other things like heartfelt thoughts from loved ones.
Generally, an obituary is published as an article and is often written by a local newspaper reporter; however, loved ones can usually pay a fee to write their own obituaries for the newspaper to publish.
Basic information about the person, such as their parents, spouse, children, and grandchildren, is part of the standard information that’s generally included in a death notice.
Loved ones can pay a fee to their local newspaper to print a death notice.
Get more information about your family’s past. Start with an ethnicity test.
How Can I Find Obituaries Online?
It’s true that you can look up old obituaries on the internet. Although some are available for free, they’ll often be found in paid digital record collections—and these can be worth paying for to receive all the additional information you’ll have access to!
But still, do a few Google searches using the information you already have about your family before you decide to pay, just in case.
A note regarding older obituaries—you’ll often be able to find the reason for death, which are crucial details when studying your genealogy!
And, a quick tip: When searching for obituaries online, try adding quotation marks around the person’s name. Also, search the person’s name along with any other relevant information, like where they lived or any close relatives.
When searching for an obituary, keep in mind that there is no law or legal reason for an obituary or death notice to be published. So, unfortunately, not everyone will have a death notice or obituary.
There are several reasons why a person may pass away without having an obituary published. For example, the person may not have had any close relatives to help with this, or the expense may have been exorbitant for the family.
In rare cases, a death notice may not be printed because the family has chosen not to. Perhaps the deceased’s relatives had a bad relationship with him, or the relatives desired privacy.
If you’ve been looking for an obituary for a long time and have done everything I’ve advised, it’s possible that your relative’s obituary was never printed.
However, it’s always good to double-check to make sure you haven’t missed anything.
What Tools Can I Use To Find Obituaries?
A free obituary may be found in a variety of places. If the person died after the year 2000, for example, you might be able to see their obituary for free on the internet.
Many people will be able to utilize these free online obituaries as a starting point in their family tree research because most of us have had relatives die within the last twenty years.
Obituaries for your grandparents, great grandparents, and even great-great-grandparents may be found online and may include details such as where they were born, siblings, and even the names of their parents.
You may search for obituaries on Legacy.com by country, name, city, and death date, giving you a lot of alternatives.
If you decide to use this tool, make an effort to utilize as many different variations of the details as possible, as there are many people with the same name.
Another good place to look for current obituaries is Dignity Memorial. There is also a search tool on this website that allows you to browse for information in a certain state or time period.
The majority of these online obituaries, especially those that have just been published, will include photographs supplied by family members.
If you’re looking for an obituary for a relative, the website Familysearch.org is a great place to start. While you won’t find complete information for every state—it’s free!
Their search function is rapid and flexible, enabling you to search the database for anyone with a certain last name, even if you don’t know their first name.
It is not only free, but it also allows you to search for records collections from many countries. Even if the documents aren’t translated, they’re often indexed in English, making it simpler to find what you’re looking for.
Newspapers.com is another great resource for old obituaries. More than 21,000 digitized and searchable newspapers dating back to the 1700s are available on this site. Not that this resource is NOT free. A monthly membership will be around $20/month after a seven-day free trial.
If you’ve looked for a free obituary online or an obituary via paid collections and your search has come up dry, consider a more hands-on approach—visiting the area where they lived, especially if it’s not too far!
While there, visit the library as another great resource. They may have access to collections of old local newspapers, and you can ask the librarian for their expert help in using their technology to search through the newspapers to find an obituary.
Also, note that obituaries may have appeared in the city or town where the person died, was born, or lived the most of their lives, so you may have a few places to explore.
In addition to local libraries, don’t forget about university libraries. (They are often open to the public, but still, look into any of their procedures for accessing their resources before you go.)
You might be able to access microfilmed obituaries for local and statewide obituaries, or you might be able to use the school’s research subscription services to find obituaries online.
Note that libraries may charge a small fee for printing pages.
There are a couple of ways for locating records for your ancestors that haven’t been indexed or scanned into one of those big records databases.
While collecting the papers mentioned in the procedures below may take a little more time, you will often find that the information obtained is really beneficial.
If you haven’t already, talk to all of your senior family members. Each and every one of them, if they are available and ready to speak with you.
What an older cousin, aunt, uncle, or grandparent remembers about their grandparents or great-grandparents is difficult to anticipate.
Look for your ancestors in the newspaper. Local newspapers used to cover a wide range of events and activities, and one or more of them may have mentioned your ancestors.
Although some of the websites listed above may be able to supply newspaper records, don’t be afraid to call the newspaper’s physical office and inquire about how to search/access their archives.
When looking for your ancestor, don’t forget to use Google. “John Smith 1805” is a search keyword for their name and birth year, if available.
You could come across an obituary, a book on your ancestor, or even a family tree with your ancestor on the internet. Before you use the information, make sure it’s the same ancestor.
Now that you know how to find an obituary for a certain person on the internet, you can start your genealogical research!
Finally, a few more websites that you might find helpful are:
Genealogical Research Library
This is a cost-effective website. You may seek persons who are still alive as well as those who have passed away on the internet. A variety of historical texts, maps, and other objects may be downloaded for free.
It’s in the form of people mentioned in books, journals, and other publications, rather than the vital records and other resources that spring to mind when thinking about genealogy research, but it might be just as beneficial.
This website has a large number of records. There’s a 14-day free trial, which is great since it allows you to try it out and see whether it’s right for you.
They simplify the process of acquiring a copy of your ancestor’s birth, marriage, or death certificate from the state vital records office. On the site, you may also upload or create a family tree.
Even though most of the material on this site appears to be accessible elsewhere, having a single location that does everything for you is convenient. At the very least, it’s a great place to look around.
This website provides access to a vast number of records, as well as newspapers and obituaries, which may be quite helpful.
Other handy search options include the ability to find all newspapers published in a certain place during a specific time period.
Although Genealogy Bank’s subscription is less expensive than Ancestry’s, it does not include Ancestry’s public member trees. In addition, for the first month, there is a discounted trial rate, which is rather affordable in these circumstances.
We understand that even though you might WANT to research your family tree, it’s a time-consuming process! We’ve curated a few highly recommend genealogy research packages below.
This is one of the easiest possible ways to find out more about your family, AND the price is comparable to purchasing your own subscription to a genealogy website. Check them out! | <urn:uuid:3ed3ac26-45b3-4c29-9631-53be4a918961> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://genwed.com/how-you-can-find-obituary-for-specific-person/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955595 | 2,241 | 1.9375 | 2 |
What is the yeast infection in dogs?
The canal structure of a dog gives yeast a more favorable environment to grow, which is different from human.
If your dog often has baths or swims, it is more likely to have the infection because the water may be trapped in the ear canal. The water can lead to a yeast infection.
A dog is also more likely to have infections if it is allergic to:
- cigarette smoke
- cleaning products
- certain foods
Key words: dog ear yeast infection; yeast infection dogs | <urn:uuid:b5758530-5252-4d55-8315-5eccb4f76af0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pointclickcares.com/what-is-the-yeast-infection-in-dogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960764 | 127 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The M109A6 Paladin is the latest advancement in 155mm self-propelled artillery. The system enhances previous versions of the M109 by implementing onboard navigational and automatic fire control systems. Paladin has both a Kevlar-lined chassis and a pressurized crew compartment to guard against ballistic, nuclear, biological, and chemical threats.
The M109A6 is the most technologically advanced cannon in the Army inventory. This weapon has a 4 man crew, and weights approximately 62,000 lbs/32 tons, and has a cruising range of 186 miles, Max speed is 35 MPH, It has a fuel capacity of 133 gals. The Paladin can operate independently, from on the move, it can receive a fire mission, compute firing data, select and take up its firing position, automatically unlock and point its cannon, fire and move out - all with no external technical assistance. Firing the first round from the move in under 60 seconds, a "shoot and scoot" capability protects the crew from counterbattery fire. The M109A6 Paladin is capable of firing up to four rounds per minute to ranges of 30 kilometers. The Paladin features increased survivability characteristics such as day/night operability, NBC protection with climate control and secure voice and digital communications. The crew remains in the vehicle throughout the mission.The Paladin is designed to accept new technologies increasing firing range, rate of fire, and accuracy. TACOM-ARDEC, in order to maintain the state-of-the-art in artillery technologies, is continuing to develop enhancements adaptable to Paladin, such as a 52 caliber gun, Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS), and a laser ignition system. The Paladin/FAASV program entails a major product improvement and re-engineering effort - begun in 1979 - to upgrade the U.S. Army's primary self-propelled long-range howitzer, designated the M109 series. Range, lethality, reliability, speed and mobility were all limitations of this 1950's design, as was the lack of onboard navigation/location and nuclear, biological and chemical protection for the crew. The new Paladin closes the technology gap in response to the requirements of the U.S. Army Soldier. These "shoot and scoot" requirements, were translated into engineering requirements and specifications that updated or replaced every subsystem of the vehicle. By the end of 1999, 824 Paladins will be in the hands of US Army and National Guard Field Artillery units in accordance with a detailed schedule that includes advance Materiel Fielding Team customer familiarization, new equipment training for both officers and enlisted personnel, and all of the associated logistics, spares, manuals, trainers and testing devices for the weapons system. The Letterkenny Army Depot is a key partner with the Defense Depot Letterkenny, PA (DDLP) in ensuring availability of the 1900 necessary parts to the production line. Letterkenny Army Depot's partnership role is to deprocess old howitzers, salvage reusable chassis and components and integrate all chassis/automotive upgrades into the refurbished Paladin chassis. United Defense Limited Partnership Paladin Production Division, also collocated at Letterkenny Army Depot forms part of the production line, applying its skills in systems and turret integration after receiving the Paladin chassis from Letterkenny. The Defense Contract Management (DCM) partner is the designated Department of Defense in-plant organization to ensure both product quality and fiscal integrity of the defense contractor, United Defense Limited Partnership. Major suppliers include Honeywell (navigation/positioning systems), Detroit Diesel (new low heat rejection engines), United Defense - Ground Systems Division (turret manufacturer), Watervliet Arsenal (cannons and ballistic shielding) and Alliant Tech Systems (Automatic Fire Control System). Life cycle sustainment support for the M109 FOV is currently provided by multiple government and commercial organizations using many different processes to deliver both services and materials. Duplicative infrastructure and processes are common. Engineering/technical support is performed by multiple contractors and Army commands. Maintenance, overhaul, and repair is achieved through a complicated structure of organic shops that depend on the commercial sector for parts and other government agencies for technical guidance and funding. The production contractor and government supply system acquire and provide parts for initial provisioning, production, modification, repair (field and depot), overhaul, and war reserves. The current support infrastructure limits opportunity for a coordinated effort to achieve cost reduction, implement best business practices, improve weapon system performance, and modernize equipment. Accountability is widely dispersed. By the end of 1999 the US Army TACOM-ARDEC Acquisition Center and the Product Manager for Paladin/FAASV intends to issue a contract for a Fleet Managemer for the M109 Family of Vehicles (FOV). The Fleet Manager (FM) will be the single world class focal point for the M109 FOV life-cycle sustainment support, to include supply, engineering and limited life cycle support functions by having one point of contact and focal point for all M109 FOV life-cycle program management and weapon system support. The Pilot Program critical objective is to validate 20-30% sustainment savings . | <urn:uuid:86120944-50dc-49ff-8075-5290564b68c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/m109a6.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.920457 | 1,042 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The way a seating area is arranged helps define and dictate the way that a room is used. Whether you're trying to arrange the seating in your family room, or you want to create a small seating area on the front porch, there are several different tips you can use that will help create the perfect area for your space.
Six Tips for Designing Seating Areas
Not every type of seating arrangement is going to be usable in the room you're working on. Some arrangements are best suited to long, narrow rooms, while others work the best in small spaces. Many tips, however, are fairly universal no matter what room you're working on; try applying some of these tips to help make your seating areas come together.
One of the fastest and easiest ways to help define a seating area is to create walkways around it. This means not only establishing a path to and from the seating area, but also a separation from the rest of the room. This is easiest to do in large or long narrow rooms; divide the room up by use and ensure there is enough room to walk between the seating area and the next section on at least two sides. If you have enough space to create two seating areas - one on either side of the room, make sure you can walk freely between them to help define the spaces.
Within the seating area itself, the key is to inspire and create conversation. Couches should face across from one another, rather than being arranged perpendicularly to one another. Chairs should angle in toward one another slightly, even if facing a couch across the coffee table. Position the seats so there is enough space to walk freely around them - don't pile them on top of one another - but keep them close enough that people seated at opposite ends can still speak to one another without needing to raise their voices.
Include Moveable Seating
If your seating area is large enough to accommodate it, consider including some additional, moveable seating for when guests arrive. This includes using ottomans, benches and backless couches in the room's design, such as placing ottomans at in front of a couch where they can be moved to the side when extra seats are needed, or using a backless couch as a way to "block off" the seating area from the rest of the room, rather than using a table.
These casual pieces should have a "home" in the room when not used as seating so that they're quickly available when you entertain.
Define Each Area
The seating itself often isn't enough to define an area, particularly if you have separate seating areas in one room.
In this case, further define each area through the accents and textiles. Consider using separate rugs beneath each seating area to help delineate each space. To make the suggestion that the areas are separate from one another, consider changing the color schemes slightly, such as using coordinating throw pillows in different colors.
Balance Seats With Tables
Many people using a conversation area like to bring things with them like drinks, snacks, glasses, magazines and other small items. Give them a place to put these things and balance the design of the area with enough table space for the seats. This means making sure that everyone seated on the stationary, permanent furniture (ignoring any moveable, additional seating for the moment) has enough room nearby to set things down on a table.
Include a coffee table if using a couch, and place at least one end table for every one to two chairs to ensure plenty of table coverage.
Have Furniture Do Double Duty
If your space is small, have some of the furnishings in the seating area work double duty. Instead of using a traditional coffee table, consider using a large leather ottoman or bench that can be pulled out for additional seating, for example. Keep trays and coasters on hand to make it useable as a table when not being used as a seat.
If you need to delineate two different seating areas, consider using a backless couch between them that is wide enough for people to sit on either side, facing either conversation.
For smaller spaces like bedrooms, kitchens and porches, as well as seating areas in smaller living rooms, sometimes a different set of tips are needed. Try using these if you don't have the space to take on a bigger design:
- Scale down and work within the confines of the space; think cozy, rather than spreading out to fill every inch of available area.
- Consider building seating into the walls and windows or along the railing of a deck or porch. Include the built in seating along with the furniture to give you more seating options.
- Use smaller pieces such as loveseats, benches and smaller arm chairs. Remember to leave room around each piece, rather than putting in the biggest item that will fit.
- Consider putting two items back to back in the center of a room to create two separate seating areas, such as two love seats back to back with arm chairs opposite each one.
Design Seating for Your Space
Conversation areas are a wonderful addition to any room. They inspire intimacy and confidence and will immediately make people feel at home. Create some seating areas in your home that will inspire others to get comfortable. | <urn:uuid:3cb27708-a431-4d5b-9b33-ec28436d2b9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://interiordesign.lovetoknow.com/inspiration-ideas/seating-area-design-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.958275 | 1,085 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Recently, the study of information freshness has received increasing attentions, especially for time-sensitive applications that require real-time information/status updates, such as road congestion information, stock quotes, and weather forecast. In order to measure the freshness of information, a new metric, called the Age-of-Information (AoI) is proposed. The AoI is defined as the time elapsed since the generation of the freshest update among those that have been received by the destination . Prior studies reveal that the AoI depends on both the inter-arrival time and the delay of the updates. Due to the dependency between the inter-arrival time and the delay, this new AoI metric exhibits very different characteristics than the traditional delay metric and is generally much harder to analyze (see, e.g., ).
Although it is well-known that scheduling policies play an important role in reducing the delay in single-sever queues, it remains largely unknown how exactly scheduling policies impact the AoI performance. To that end, we aim to holistically study the impact of various aspects of scheduling policies on the AoI performance in single-server queues and provide useful guidelines for the design of scheduling policies that can achieve a small AoI.
While much research effort has already been exerted to the design and analysis of scheduling policies aiming to reduce the AoI, almost all of these policies are only based on the arrival time of updates, such as First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and Last-Come-First-Served (LCFS), assuming that the update-size information is unavailable. Here, the size of an update is the amount of time required to serve the update if there were no other updates around. In some applications, such as smart grid and traffic monitoring, the update-size information can be obtained or fairly well estimated. It has been shown that scheduling policies that leverage the size information can substantially reduce the delay, especially when the system load is high or when the size variability is large . This motivates us to investigate the AoI performance of size-based policies in a G/G/1 queue. Note that the update-size information is “orthogonal” to the arrival-time information, both of which could significantly impact the AoI performance. Therefore, it is quite natural to further consider AoI-based policies that use both the update-size and arrival-time information of updates.
|1||Prioritizing small updates||SJF, SJF_P, SRPT|
|2||Prioritizing recent updates||LCFS, LCFS_P|
|3||Allowing service preemption||PS, LCFS_P, SJF_P, SRPT|
|4||AoI-based designs||ADE, ADS, ADM|
|5||Prioritizing informative updates||Informative version of the above policies|
In addition, prior work has revealed that scheduling policies that allow service preemption and that prioritize informative updates (also called effective updates, which are those that lead to a reduced AoI once delivered; see Section VI-A for a formal definition) yield a good AoI performance [4, 5, 6]. Intuitively, preemption prevents fresh updates from being blocked by a large and/or stale update in service; informative policies discard stale updates, which do not bring new information but may block fresh updates. To that end, we also consider AoI-based scheduling designs that both allow service preemption and prioritize informative updates.
In Fig. 1, we position our work in the literature by summarizing various design aspects of scheduling policies for a G/G/ queue. Existing work mostly explores the design based on the arrival-time information along with considering service preemption and informative updates. We point out that the size-based design is an orthogonal dimension of great importance, which somehow has not received sufficient attentions yet. Unsurprisingly, designing AoI-efficient policies requires the consideration of all these dimensions. In Table I, we summarize several useful guidelines for the design of AoI-efficient policies, which are also labeled in Fig.1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that conducts a systematic and comparative study to investigate the design of AoI-efficient scheduling policies for a G/G/ queue. In the following, we summarize our key contributions along with an explanation of Fig. 1 and Table I.
First, we investigate the AoI performance of size-based scheduling policies (i.e., the green arrow in Fig. 1), which is an orthogonal approach to the arrival-time-based design studied in most existing work. We conduct extensive simulations to show that size-based policies that prioritize small updates significantly improve AoI performance. We also explain interesting observations from the simulation results and summarize useful guidelines (i.e., Guidelines 1, 2, and 3 in Table I) for the design of AoI-efficient policies.
Second, leveraging both the update-size and arrival-time information, we introduce Guideline 4 and propose AoI-based scheduling policies (i.e., the blue arrow in Fig. 1). These AoI-based policies attempt to optimize the AoI at a specific future time instant from three different perspectives: the AoI-Drop-Earliest (ADE) policy, which makes the AoI drop the earliest; the AoI-Drop-to-Smallest (ADS) policy, which makes the AoI drop to the smallest; the AoI-Drop-Most (ADM) policy, which makes the AoI drop the most. The simulation results show that such AoI-based policies indeed have a good AoI performance.
Third, we observe that informative policies can significantly improve the AoI performance compared to their non-informative counterparts, which leads to Guideline 5. Integrating all the guidelines, we propose preemptive, informative, AoI-based policies (i.e., the red arrow in Fig. 1). The simulation results show that such policies empirically achieve the best AoI performance among all the considered policies.
Finally, we prove sample-path equivalence between some size-based policies and AoI-based policies. These results provide an intuitive explanation for why some size-based policies, such as Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT), achieve a very good AoI performance.
To summarize, our study reveals that among various aspects of scheduling policies we investigated, prioritizing small updates, allowing service preemption, and prioritizing informative updates play the most important role in the design of AoI-efficient scheduling policies.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We first discuss related work in Section II. Then, we describe our system model in Section III. In Section IV, we evaluate the AoI performance of size-based scheduling policies. We further propose AoI-based scheduling policies in Section V. In addition, we evaluate the AoI performance of preemptive, informative, AoI-based policies in Section VI. Finally, we make concluding remarks in Section VII.
Ii Related work
The traditional queueing literature on single-server queues is largely focused on the delay analysis. In , the authors prove that all non-preemptive scheduling policies that do not make use of job size information have the same distribution of the number of jobs in the system. The work of [8, 9] proves that for a work-conserving queue, the SRPT policy minimizes the number of jobs in the system at any point and is therefore delay-optimal. The work of derives a formula of the average delay for several common scheduling polices (which will be discussed in Section IV).
On the other hand, although the AoI research is still in a nascent stage, it has already attracted a lot of interests (see [11, 12] for a survey). Here we only discuss the most relevant work, which is focused on the AoI-oriented queueing analysis. Much of existing work considers scheduling policies that are based on the arrival time (such as FCFS and LCFS). The AoI is introduced in , where the authors study the average AoI in the M/M/1, M/D/1, and D/M/1 queues under the FCFS policy. In , the AoI performance of the FCFS policy in the M/M// and M/M// queues is studied, where new arrivals are discarded if the buffer is full. The average AoI of the LCFS policy in the M/M/ queue is also discussed in .
There has been some work that aims to reduce the AoI by making use of service preemption. In , the average AoI of LCFS in the M/M/ queue with and without service preemption is analyzed. The work of is quite similar to , but it considers the average AoI in the M/M/ queue. In , the average AoI for the M/G// preemptive system with a multi-stream updates source is derived. The age-optimality of the preemptive LCFS (LCFS_P) policy is proved in
, where the service times are exponentially distributed.
In addition to taking advantage of service preemption, some of the prior studies also consider the strategy of prioritizing informative updates for reducing the AoI. The work of [5, 6] reveals that the AoI performance can be improved by prioritizing informative updates and discarding non-informative policies when making scheduling decisions. In , the authors consider a G/G/
queue with informative updates and derive the stationary distribution of the AoI, which is in terms of the stationary distribution of the delay and the Peak AoI (PAoI). With the AoI distribution, one can analyze the mean or higher moments of the AoI in GI/GI/, M/GI/, and GI/M/ queues under several scheduling policies (e.g., FCFS and LCFS).
Recent research effort has also been exerted to understanding the relation between the AoI and the delay. In , the authors analyze the tradeoff between the AoI and the delay in a single-server M/G/ system under a specific scheduling policy without knowing the service time of each individual update. In
, the violation probability of the delay and the PAoI is investigated under an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, but the update size is assumed to be identical.
Iii System Model
In this section, we consider a single-server queueing system and give the definitions of the Age-of-Information (AoI) and the Peak AoI (PAoI).
We model the information-update system as a G/G/ queue where a single source generates updates which contain current state of a measurement or observation of the source) with rate . The updates enter the queueing system immediately after they are generated. Hence, the generation time is the same as the arrival time. We use to denote the size of an update (i.e., the amount of time required for the update to complete service), which has a general distribution with mean . The system load is defined as .
We use and to denote the time at which the -th update was generated at the source and the time at which it leaves the server, respectively. The AoI at time is then defined as , where is the generation time of the freshest update among those that have been processed by the server. An example of the AoI evolution under the FCFS policy is shown in Fig. 2. Then, the average AoI can be defined as
In general, the analysis of the average AoI is quite difficult since it is determined by two dependent quantities: the inter-arrival time and the delay of updates. We define the inter-arrival time between the -th update and -th update as and define the delay of the -th update as . Alternatively, the Peak AoI (PAoI) is also proposed as an information freshness metric , which is defined as the maximum value of the AoI before it drops due to a newly delivered fresh update. Let be the -th PAoI. From Fig. 2, we can see . This can be rewritten as the sum of the inter-arrival time between the -th update and the previous update (i.e., ) and the delay of the -th update (i.e., ). Therefore, the PAoI of the -th update can also be expressed as , and its expectation is .
Iv Size-based policies
In this section, we investigate the AoI performance of several common scheduling policies, including size-based policies and non-size-based policies, via extensive simulations. Note that these common scheduling policies may serve the non-informative updates (which do not lead to a reduced AoI). This is because in some applications, such as news and social network, obsolete updates are still useful and need to be served . In Section VI, we will discuss the case where obsolete updates are discarded.
Following , we first give the definitions of several common scheduling policies that can be divided into four types: depending on whether they are size-based or not, where the size-based policies use the update-size information (which is available in some applications, such as smart grid ) for making scheduling decisions; depending on whether they are preemptive or not. The definition of preemption is given below. In this paper, we do not consider the cost of preemption.
A policy is preemptive if an update may be stopped partway through its execution and then restarted at a later time without losing intermediary work.
The first type consists of policies that are non-preemptive and blind to the update size:
First-Come-First-Served (FCFS): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve the update that arrived first if any.
Last-Come-First-Served (LCFS): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve the update that arrived last if any.
Random-Order-Service (RANDOM): When the server frees up, it randomly chooses one update to serve if any.
The second type consists of policies that are non-preemptive and make scheduling decisions based on the update size:
Shortest-Job-First (SJF): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve the update with the smallest size if any.
The third type consists of policies that are preemptive and blind to the update size:
Processor-Sharing (PS): All the updates in the system are served simultaneously and equally (i.e., each update receives an equal fraction of the available service capacity).
Preemptive Last-Come-First-Served (LCFS_P): This is the preemptive version of the LCFS policy. Specifically, a preemption happens when there is a new update.
The fourth type consists of policies that are preemptive and make scheduling decisions based on the update size:
Preemptive Shortest-Job-First (SJF_P): This is the preemptive version of the SJF policy. Specifically, a preemption happens when there is a new update that has the smallest size.
Shortest-Remaining-Processing-Time (SRPT): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve the update with the smallest remaining size. In addition, a preemption happens only when there is a new update whose size is smaller than the remaining size of the update in service.
Previous work (see, e.g., [3, Section VII]) reveals that size-based policies can greatly improve the delay performance. Due to such results, we conjecture that size-based policies also achieve a better AoI performance given that the AoI is dominantly determined by the delay when the system load is high or when the size variability is large . As we mentioned earlier, it is in general very difficult to obtain the exact expression of the average AoI except for some special cases (e.g., FCFS and LCFS) [1, 17]. Therefore, we attempt to investigate the AoI performance of size-based policies through extensive simulations.
In Fig. 3 and 4, we present the simulation results of the average AoI and PAoI performance under the scheduling policies we introduced above, respectively. Here we assume that a single source generates updates according to a Poisson process with rate , and the update size is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). In Fig. 3(a), we assume that the update size follows an exponential distribution with mean . In Figs. 3(b) and 3(c), we assume that the update size follows a Weibull distribution with mean . We define the squared coefficient of variation of the update size as
, i.e., the variance normalized by the square of the mean. Hence, a larger means a larger variability. In Fig. 3(b), we fix and change the value of system load , while in Fig. 3(c), we fix system load and change the value of . Note that throughout the paper, these simulation settings are used as default settings unless otherwise specified.
In the following, we will discuss key observations from the simulation results and propose useful guidelines for the design of AoI-efficient policies. Note that similar observations can also be made for the G/G/ queue. An additional interesting observation is that the average PAoI could be much smaller than the average AoI when the interarrival time has a large variability. More simulation results can be found in Appendix -D.
Size-based policies achieve a better average AoI/PAoI performance than non-size-based policies in both non-preemptive and preemptive cases.
In Fig. 3, we can see that for the non-preemptive case, SJF has a better average AoI performance than FCFS, RANDOM, and LCFS in various settings. Similarly, for the preemptive case, SJF_P and SRPT have a better average AoI performance than PS and LCFS_P. Similar observations can be made for the average PAoI performance in Fig. 4.
Under preemptive, size-based policies, the average AoI/PAoI decreases as the system load increases.
In Figs. 3(a) and 3(b), we can see that under SJF, SJF_P, and SRPT, the average AoI decreases as the system load increases. There are two reasons. First, when increases, there will be more updates with small size arriving to the queue. Therefore, size-based policies that prioritize updates with small size lead to more frequent AoI drops. Second, preemption operations prevent fresh updates from being blocked by a large or stale update in service. Similar observations can be made for the average PAoI performance in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b).
When the update-size information is available, one should prioritize updates with small size.
However, in certain application scenarios, the update-size information may not be available or is difficult to estimate. Hence, the scheduling decisions have to be made without the update-size information. In such scenarios, we make the following observations from Figs. 3 and 4.
LCFS and LCFS_P achieve the best average AoI performance among non-preemptive, non-size-based policies and preemptive, non-size-based policies, respectively.
Under LCFS_P, the average AoI/PAoI decreases as the system load increases.
Observations 3 and 4 have also been made in previous work [13, 20, 4]. It is quite intuitive that when the update-size information is unavailable, one should give a higher priority to more recent updates. This is because while all the updates have the same expected service time, the most recent update arrives the last and thus leads to the smallest AoI once delivered. Therefore, Observations 3 and 4 lead to the following guideline:
When the update-size information is unavailable, one should prioritize recent updates.
Note that Observations 2 and 4 also suggest that under preemptive policies, the average AoI/PAoI decreases as the system load increases. This is because preemptions prevent fresh updates from being blocked by a large or stale update in service. In addition, we have also observed the following nice properties of preemptive policies.
Not only do preemptive policies achieve a better average AoI/PAoI performance than non-preemptive policies, but they are also less sensitive when the update-size variability changes, i.e., they are more robust.
In Figs. 3(a) and 3(b), we can see that preemptive policies (e.g., LCFS_P, SJF_P, and SRPT) generally have a better average AoI performance than non-preemptive ones (e.g., FCFS, RANDOM, LCFS, and SJF), especially when the system load is high. In Fig. 3(c), we can see that the advantage of preemptive policies becomes larger as the update-size variability (i.e., ) increases. Moreover, the AoI performance of preemptive policies is only very slightly impacted when the update-size variability changes, while that of non-preemptive policies varies significantly. Therefore, Observations 2, 4, and 5 lead to the following guideline:
Service preemption should be employed when it is allowed.
V AoI-based policies
In Section IV, we have demonstrated that size-based policies achieve a better average AoI/PAoI performance than non-size-based policies. However, size-based policies do not utilize the arrival-time information, which also plays an important role in reducing the AoI. In this section, we propose three AoI-based scheduling policies, which leverage both the update-size and arrival-time information to reduce the AoI. Our simulation results show that these AoI-based policies outperform non-AoI-based policies.
We begin with the definitions of three AoI-based policies that attempt to optimize the AoI at a specific future time instant from three different perspectives:
AoI-Drop-Earliest (ADE): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve an update such that once it is delivered, the AoI drop as soon as possible.
AoI-Drop-to-Smallest (ADS): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve an update such that once it is delivered, the AoI drops to a value as small as possible.
AoI-Drop-Most (ADM): When the server frees up, it chooses to serve an update such that once it is delivered, the AoI drops as much as possible.
If all updates waiting in the queue are obsolete, then the above policies choose to serve an update with the smallest size.
Although all of these AoI-based policies are quite intuitive, they behave very differently. In order to explain the differences of these AoI-based policies, we present an example in Fig. 5 to show how the AoI evolves under these policies. Suppose that when the ()-st update is being served, three new updates (i.e., the -th, ()-st, and ()-nd updates) arrive in sequence at times , , and , respectively. The sizes of these updates satisfy . When the server frees up after it finishes serving the ()-st update at time , ADE, ADS, and ADM choose to serve the -th, ()-st, and ()-nd updates, respectively. This is because serving the -th update leads to the earliest AoI drop at time (following the red curve), serving the ()-st update leads to the AoI dropping to the smallest at time (following the blue curve), and serving the ()-nd update leads to the largest AoI drop at time (following the green curve). Clearly, ADE, ADS and ADM aim to optimize AoI at a specific future time instant (i.e., the future delivery time of chosen update) with different myopic goals. Note that at first glance, ADS and ADM may look the same. Indeed, they would be equivalent if the events of AoI drop have happened at the same time instant. However, these two policies are different as the time instants at which the AoI drops are not necessarily the same (e.g., vs. in Fig. 5).
Next we conduct extensive simulations to investigate the AoI performance of these AoI-based policies. In Fig. 6, we present the simulation results of the average AoI performance of the AoI-based policies compared to a representative arrival-time-based policy (i.e., LCFS) and a representative size-based-policy (i.e., SJF). All the policies considered here are non-preemptive; the preemptive cases will be discussed in Section VI.
In Fig. 6(a), we observe that most AoI-based policies are slightly better than non-AoI-based policies, although their performances are very close. Among the AoI-based policies, ADE is the best, ADM is the worst, and ADS is in-between. This is not surprising that ADM is the worst: although ADM has the largest AoI drop, this is at the cost that it may have to wait until the AoI become large first. ADE being the best suggests that giving a higher priority to small updates (so that the AoI drops as soon as possible) is a good strategy. In Figs. 6(b) and 6(c), similar observations can be made for update size following Weibull distributions.
The above observations lead to the following guideline:
Leveraging both the update-size and arrival-time information can further improve the AoI performance. However, the benefit seems marginal.
Vi Preemptive, informative, AoI-based Policies
In Section IV, we have observed that preemptive policies have several advantages and perform better than non-preemptive policies. In this section, we first demonstrate that policies that prioritize informative updates (i.e., those that can lead to AoI drops once delivered) perform better than non-informative policies. Then, by integrating the guidelines we have, we consider preemptive, informative, AoI-based policies and evaluate their performances through simulations.
Vi-a Informative Policies
As far as the AoI is concerned, there are two types of updates: informative updates and non-informative updates . Informative updates lead to AoI drops once delivered while non-informative updates do not. In some applications, such as autonomous vehicles and stock quotes, it is reasonable to discard non-informative updates (which do not help reduce the AoI but may block new updates). In this subsection, we introduce the “informative” versions of various policies, which prioritize informative updates and discards non-informative updates. Then, we use simulation results to demonstrate that informative policies generally have a better average AoI/PAoI performance than the original (non-informative) ones. Furthermore, we rigorously prove that in an G/M/ queue, the informative version of LCFS is stochastically better than the original LCFS policy.
We use to denote the informative version111For simplicity, we omit the additional “_” in the policy name if policy is a preemptive policy ending with “_P”. For example, we use LCFS_PI to denote the informative version of LCFS_P. of policy . All the scheduling policies we consider have their informative versions. In some cases, the informative version is simply the same as the original policy (e.g., FCFS and LCFS_P).
In Fig. 8, we show the simulation results of the average AoI performance of several informative policies compared to their non-informative counterparts. In order to evaluate the benefit of informative policies, we plot the informative AoI gain, which is the ratio of the difference between the average AoI of the non-informative version and the informative version to the average AoI of the non-informative version. Hence, a larger informative gain means a larger benefit of the informative version. One important observation from Fig. 8 is as follows.
Informative policies achieve a better average AoI performance than their non-informative counterparts. The informative gain is larger for non-preemptive policies and increases as the system load increases.
Intuitively, informative policies are expected to outperform their non-informative counterparts because serving non-informative updates cannot reduce the AoI but may block new updates. The simulation results verify this intuition as the informative AoI gain is always non-negative. Second, we can see that most non-preemptive policies (e.g., RANDOM, LCFS, and SJF) benefit more from prioritizing informative updates. Third, as the system load increases, the informative AoI gain increases under most considered policies, especially those non-preemptive ones. This is because as the system load increases, the number of non-informative updates also increases, which has a larger negative impact on the AoI performance for non-preemptive, non-informative policies. Observation 6 leads to the following guideline:
The server should prioritize informative updates and discard non-informative updates when it is allowed.
Based on Observation 6, we conjecture that an informative policy is as least as good as its non-informative counterpart. As a preliminary result, we prove that this conjecture is indeed true for LCFS in a G/M/1 queue. In the following, we introduce the stochastic ordering notion, which will be used in the statement of Proposition 1.
Stochastic Ordering of Stochastic Processes [22, Ch.6.B.7]: Let and be two stochastic processes. Then, is said to be stochastically less than , denoted by , if, for all choices of integer and in , the following holds for all upper sets222A set is an upper set if whenever and , where and are two vectors in
are two vectors inand if for all . :
where and . Stochastic equality can be defined in a similar manner and is denoted by .
Roughly speaking, Eq. (2) implies that is less likely than to take on large values, where “large” means any value in an upper set . We also use to denote the AoI process under policy . Furthermore, we define a set of parameters , where is the number of updates and is the generation time of update . Having these definitions and notations, we are now ready to state Proposition 1.
In a G/M/1 queue, for all , the AoI under LCFS_I is stochastically smaller than that under LCFS, i.e.,
See Appendix -A. ∎
Vi-B Preemptive, Informative, AoI-based Policies
So far, we have demonstrated the advantages of preemptive policies, AoI-based policies, and informative policies. In this subsection, we want to integrate all of these three ideas and propose preemptive, informative, AoI-based policies.
We first consider preemptive, informative version of three AoI-based policies: ADE_PI, ADS_PI, and ADM_PI. Interestingly, we can show equivalence between ADE_PI and SRPT_I (i.e., the informative version of SRPT) and between ADE_I and SJF_I (i.e., the informative version of ADE and SJF, respectively) in the sample-path sense. These results are stated in Propositions 2 and 3.
ADE_PI and SRPT_I are equivalent in every sample path.
ADE_I and SJF_I are equivalent in every sample path.
We prove Propositions 2 and 3 using the strong induction. The detailed proofs are provided in Appendix -B and -C, respectively. Propositions 2 and 3 imply that although SRPT_I and SJF_I do not explicitly follow an AoI-based design, they are essentially AoI-based policies. This provides an intuitive explanation for why size-based policies, such as variants of SRPT and SJF, have a good empirical AoI performance.
In Fig. 10, we present the simulation results for the average AoI performance of the preemptive, informative, AoI-based policies (ADE_PI) compared to several other policies. We observe that in various settings we consider, ADE_PI achieves the best AoI performance.
In this paper, we systematically studied the impact of various aspects of scheduling policies on the AoI performance and provided several useful guidelines for the design of AoI-efficient scheduling policies. Our study reveals that among various aspects of scheduling policies we investigated, prioritizing small updates, allowing service preemption, and prioritizing informative updates play the most important role in the design of AoI-efficient scheduling policies. It turns out that common scheduling policies like SRPT and SJF_P and their informative variants can achieve a very good AoI performance, although they do not explicitly make scheduling decisions based on the AoI. This can be partially explained by the equivalence between such size-based policies and some AoI-based policies.
Our findings also raise several interesting questions that are worth investigating as future work. One important direction is to pursue more theoretical results beyond the simulation results we provided in this paper. For example, it would be interesting to see whether one can rigorously prove that any informative policy always outperforms its non-informative counterpart, which is consistently observed in the simulation results.
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- M. Shaked and J. G. Shanthikumar, Stochastic orders. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007. | <urn:uuid:326b231f-dbd6-4f7f-b834-c25d5480bf95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deepai.org/publication/anti-aging-scheduling-in-single-server-queues-a-systematic-and-comparative-study | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.917808 | 8,476 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The Georgia hackberry (Celtis tenuifolia) belongs to Ulmaceae (the Elm family). It is a small deciduous tree that is distributed from the eastern part to the south-central part of the United States, and from Maryland to Florida and eastern Texas. This tree grows on limestone ridges and gravel, and is about 7.5 m high. The bark is gray with cork ridges. The leaves are broad-ovate, alternate, and have no serrations. In early spring, small green flowers come on the axils. The fruits are drupes and ripen brown or red from late summer to fall. | <urn:uuid:97fe88e2-fe08-4c6f-bb93-ea4d8807c350> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://botanic.jp/plants-sa/geohac.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95557 | 139 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Although government action to suppress oil rates can be useful, less resources are creating enough to fulfill need. Despite federal government activities such as gas price caps and gas aids, even more oil is needed to maintain prices low. Russia supplies 14% of the world’s oil as well as is presently under permissions that will certainly eat up a big section of its result. In April, sanctions on Russia closed down nearly 1 million barrels a day of result. By the time the sanctions are fully applied, this space can grow to three million barrels a day. here are the findings
In the past decade, international need was the key chauffeur of oil costs. This is displayed in the chart over, with heaven bar standing for the highest possible co-movement with oil costs. The sharp reversal in worldwide need that went along with the monetary situation and the international economic crisis was responsible for the decline in actual oil costs. In contrast, supply elements are the least influential in either the boom or the bust of the oil price. It is very important to comprehend the underlying reasons for oil price variations. Get More Information
The ECB has actually estimated that about 60 percent of the spike in oil prices can be credited to supply factors, while 30% can be attributed to international need. This recommends that the rise in oil costs over the last few years was mostly brought on by need, while the boost in production from unintended outages has actually caused a pronounced supply void. If international supply were the only cause of the cost increase, the depletion of oil stocks would have driven the cost down. helpful resources
The demand for oil relies on supply. While historically, OPEC countries have determined supply levels, the USA is significantly playing a role in establishing the rate. This is partially since the production of oil in American shale areas has increased the United States’ role in the international oil supply. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia did not reduce manufacturing in 2014.
Weather condition variables
Among one of the most usual concerns inquired about crude oil rates is “What causes the change?” There are many reasons why gas costs alter, but there are some essential elements that affect both the rate of crude oil and also the rates of gasoline. Listed here are a number of factors that affect the rate of oil. While these can transform from period to season, they can still have a substantial effect on the bottom line of shippers. Fortunately, there are several means to forecast just how weather might impact fuel costs.
The weather is a crucial consider the supply and also need equation. Cold wintertimes can trigger many people to switch on their furnace. This increases need for oil, which reduces supply. When this occurs, oil costs increase. And an extreme storm can lead to higher costs for heating oil. And certainly, a storm can create the price of oil to climb, as well. If a winter tornado is impending, oil prices will likely increase.
Environment modification is a hot subject today, thanks to Greta Thunberg’s recent video clip promoting global environment adjustment. Lower power rates are additionally threatening the economics of alternative power resources as well as transport. Along with weather, United States economic activity also plays a large part in exactly how the market views energy usage. In addition to weather, numerous economic indicators are launched weekly to figure out the demand for oil. If the US economic climate continues to boost, more international capitalists are most likely to purchase oil agreements.
The U.S. Department of Power preserves tactical stockpiles of oil and gas in below ground caverns in Texas and also Louisiana. These books are planned for emergencies, such as power situations. The SPR, or Strategic Petroleum Reserve, is an estimate of how much oil and also gas the USA holds. Those numbers may not be up-to-date because the oil has to initially undergo the United States’ pipeline system before it reaches the market.
The release of the oil from IEA’s stockpile is considerable: the US has devoted 120 million barrels of oil, fifty percent from the Strategic Oil Book. This brings the overall quantity of oil kept in stockpiles to 240 million barrels worldwide. This is the largest commitment to a solitary oil reserve in the organization’s 47-year history. The step comes at a vital time, with global power costs anticipated to get to a document $2.1 trillion by 2022, mostly as a result of oil and other energy assets. Likewise, the EU is lowering its reliance on Russian imports and also is releasing some of its oil from its Strategic Oil Book to counter a potential cost spike.
Many nations have actually put billions of dollars right into developing oil storage space facilities in case of a scarcity in oil supply. Yet there is little consensus on just how much oil a nation must have hidden underneath the ground. Additionally, not all countries have big specialist storage facilities for SPR. The UK is one such instance. Consequently, the market needs to hold more oil than normal. Companies, for instance, set aside oil for federal government access. | <urn:uuid:164ce7d9-346a-44b8-9432-89af50b9854c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://piled-arms.com/2022/06/09/believe-youre-a-professional-in-oil-rates-take-this-test-now-to-find-out/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.968382 | 1,020 | 2.5 | 2 |
How to Setup Canned Responses in Gmail
Last week I talked about five email responses that I prewrote so I wouldn’t have to rewrite them every time I take care of typical music studio communication. Today I’m going to explain how I setup those emails as canned responses in Gmail. Other email providers may have a way of saving canned responses, but Gmail is the one I know best, so I’m sticking to that.
There are three parts to this process, but it only takes a minute or two to setup if you already have the email written.
Enabling Canned Responses in Gmail
Step 1 – Open Gmail
Step 2 – Click on the Gear Icon and select Settings
Step 3 – Click on the “Labs” Tab
Step 4 – In the “Search for a lab” box, type “canned responses”, select Enable, and click the Save Changes button
Writing and Saving a Canned Response
Step 1 – Compose the email
Nothing new here. Just write an email like you normally would. Leave the Recipients and Subject lines blank. I use ALL CAPS to easily identify phrases and words that I intend to personalize for the recipient later.
Step 2 – In the New Message window, click the More Options button and select Canned Responses. Under the “Save” heading, select “New canned response…”
Step 3 – Give your response a title in the window that pops up, and click OK.
Using a Canned Response
All the canned responses in the world are no good if you don’t use them! When a situation comes up that calls for one of these canned responses, the process of using them is simple.
Step 1 – In Gmail, click Compose as if you were going to write a new email or Reply, if you are responding to an email.
Step 2 – In the message window, click the More Options button and select Canned Responses. Under the “Insert” heading, select the appropriate response. | <urn:uuid:13e8a7ad-f057-4851-8911-503357ec2d28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.musicstudiostartup.com/setup-canned-responses-gmail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.896552 | 430 | 1.78125 | 2 |
For 17 years, the HSS Comm Tech program has been inspiring young artists, creators and directors to engage and compete in the art of digital storytelling in a series of local, regional and global film festivals. Over the years our students have had the joy getting on a bus to go see their films played in real movie theaters including the Toronto Bloor Cinema, Bolton Landmark Cinema, the Vaughan RioCan Colossus Centre, The Bolton Public Library Theater and the Brampton Rose Theater. While the pandemic has limited the in person capacities of these movie theaters temporarily, plans are underway to bring back the Peel Student Film Festival and the Young Reels Film Festivals next year. As the old saying goes: “the show must go on!”. Join our class, make a movie! Let your creative stories be seen on the big screen! | <urn:uuid:b489aad8-2aad-4038-bbab-9a8a36d83465> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://commtech.humberviewss.ca/grade-10-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.939145 | 169 | 1.554688 | 2 |
There is an ongoing argument between hand dryer manufacturers and paper towel manufacturers about which of the methods of drying your hands are most cost-effective, most hygienic and better for the environment.
Why? It’s simple really, both sets of manufacturers stand to gain financially from the sales of their respective products and will naturally try hard to prove their product is the better option.
Lets take a look at costs
As an example we will look at an office with 50 staff using hand towels.
The estimated usage of each person is 2.5 hand towels on average 4.5 times a day.
Over a year this equates to 146,250 paper towels at an approximate cost of almost £800.00.
If the company decides to replace the paper towel dispenser with an electric hand dryer, the paper towel company is losing up to £800.00 in revenue every year.
However, how much could the savings be?
The total cost of using a new energy-efficient hand dryer using 2- 4 watts to dry the hands of the same number of staff, would use 117 to 235 kilowatt hours of electricity. Current tariffs run from 10.6 p to around 12p so at the higher end you would be looking at around £13 to £28 pounds a year – a saving of up to £787.00 in a year.
While this does not include the cost of the dryer, the paper towel example doesn’t include the costs of staff deployment to fill and maintain the paper towel dispensers. So, in terms of costs the company benefits greatly from installing hand dryers.
Since paper towel companies are unable to compete on price with electric hand dryers, they have commissioned studies to show how unhygienic hand dryers can be.
Their argument is that quick, effective drying is the key to good hand hygiene, if your hands are wet, the bacteria is able to multiply with ease. While the ‘wet hands’ argument was valid for the old generation hand-dryers, the new generation hand-dryers provided a faster, more effective hand drying regime than paper towels, which often fail (due to user failure in the main) to effectively dry between the fingers and under nails.
Many of the newer hand dryer models have also been proven to kill bacteria left on surfaces around the hand cleaning areas, something that the paper towel industry have been unable to claim. And of course if the paper towel dispenser is empty, then you are really facing some major hygiene issues!
Finally, the environmental issues.
Most, modern hand dryers that use as little as 2-4 watts per dry have a tiny impact on the environment.
In the office example mentioned above, the 117-kilowatt hours represents 63.18 kg Co2 per year.
Dysons life cycle research into the carbon emissions produced by paper towels combined with the estimated use of paper towels is equally revealing.
If you dry your hands with paper towels each use creates at least 22.5 grams of Co2 each time. This is generated from chopping down trees, the transportation of raw materials for processing, the cost of energy to carry out the processing, additional transportation to finishing factories and energy consumption to create the particular paper product, not to mention packaging, further transportation to main warehouse, distribution to local warehouse, distribution to the customer and the constant replenishment cycle.
The same office is potentially creating 1287 kg Co2 per year.
Because paper towels cannot be recycled, they can only be made of previously recycled paper, so they generally end up in landfill too.
Do your company and the environment a favour – switch to cost and energy efficient hand dryer solutions; at NWR Hygiene Group we have an extensive range of products all designed to be perfect fits for your particular washroom types. | <urn:uuid:576192a0-a01b-459d-b2e3-d932b97a1f38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nwrhygienegroup.co.uk/industry-news/hand-dryers-v-paper-towels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941878 | 796 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The completion of any arts and crafts project is a moment of proud achievement. You can go in a multitude of different ways when you have ideas and tips. Go over the following article if you want to learn more about arts and crafts, and how you can explore this fun activity. Who knows what your next project will be!
If you have difficulty locating supplies at decent prices, check out thrift stores. You can find many original supplies at Goodwill and other similar stores. You do have to look regularly though, as great possibilities don’t sit on the shelves long.
Look for deals on arts and crafts supplies. Many stores offer sales from time to time and you should check the ad or the store’s website. When you do a lot of arts and crafts projects, it can add up. Instead of spending a lot of money, look for deals.
Browsing the internet for new ideas is a great way to expand your arts and crafts skills. You can see what other crafters are creating and gain a new perspective on what you can create with your crafting skills. So go online to find new ways to expand your creativity when you are doing your favorite craft or hobby.
Have you checked online for new ideas? There are lots of sites that have useful ideas. Regardless of the age of the people doing these projects, you should be able to find something for everyone online.
Do not make the mistake of believing that you have to pay a lot of money for arts and craft supplies. Try using old scrap materials you have at home for your next project. Things like old cloth, bottle caps and paper bags have all been used to create masterpieces.
Find ways to share your crafting skill with others. Teaching your children how to join you in doing a craft is a great way to pass down your special skill. It is also a great way to spend time with your family and to make memories that will last a lifetime.
There are several national chain craft stores that you could find. Take the time to go online to check out their weekly specials prior to actually going to the store. If you time it right, you can find some great deals. Many also offer coupons that you can print and take with you.
If you are a fan of art and craft projects, you should use the Sunday circulars to your advantage. There are many stores that offer great deals on art supplies, and you won’t know about them unless you go through the sales papers, so don’t throw those circulars to the side.
Do what you can to make a craft work with what you already have at home. This isn’t always possible, but you should try it. It’s usually not worth running to the store to obtain the perfect paper, detail, trim, etc. You can diminish your enthusiasm for the project when you have to break to run errands.
If you are looking for different types of materials to do projects with and you don’t want to spend a lot of money on them, you should check out garage sales in your local area. Things like old, cracked vases and used curtains are great art materials, so go to as many yard sales as you can to glean new materials.
To keep your painting hobby from taking over an entire room, consider purchasing a collapsible easel. That way, when you are done working on your masterpiece for the day, the easel goes right into the closet, along with your canvas. That leaves your bedroom free for the rest of the day.
A visit to a thrift can be a great way to get supplies for your craft. Many people donate supplies for craft projects that they have given up on, They may be in the form of a complete kit that was never opened or it may be a collection of items and tools that you can use.
When you are finished painting for the day, make sure to clean your brushes thoroughly. Paint that is left in a brush dries and hardens the bristles. The next time you want to use them, the stiffer brush will not make as subtle strokes as it did, and it will be hard to keep that pure color.
To spend a fun afternoon filling in a paint-by-number picture, make sure you have all of the paints you need lined up, along with a bowl of water to clean out the brush between color applications. This introduces your hand to the rigors of painting without having to think up the picture as well.
Now that you have this valuable information, you probably want to begin your new craft project right away. Put all that you’ve learned to work, and you are going to have a great time. Be sure to let others see what you create! Family and friends will love seeing your talents. | <urn:uuid:0c8b71e4-b282-4ec9-8a5a-ae4867810136> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ruby-throat-hummingbirds.com/do-you-have-artistic-skills-check-out-these-arts-and-crafts-tips-15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959849 | 980 | 2.25 | 2 |
Unless you have actually been living under a rock you have actually most likely heard your friends or member of the family point out something about CBD, especially if they occur to suffer from persistent pain or stress and anxiety. As many U.S. states begin to legalize both medical and leisure marijuana, the marketplace has actually exploded with growth in various kinds of CBD items. In spite of this growth and the publicity that comes along with it, lots of people are unsure of what exactly CBD is, if it’s even legal, and how it would even help them. We are hoping here we can provide you a quick breakdown of what CBD is and discuss a couple of various types of CBD items that could assist you get relief, particularly if you struggle with pain and anxiety. Drink CBD Oil
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of lots of active substances discovered in the Cannabis plant. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is another active substance and the most well-known, thanks to its psychedelic residential or commercial properties– it’s the one that gets you “high or stoned.” CBD is non-psychoactive however has a number of the very same medical advantages as THC. This permits you to make the most of the healing benefits without leaving you with the “high or stoned” feeling that often goes together with THC. That said, marijuana-derived CBD products, or CBD items that contain THC, might be more efficient than fiber hemp. If you however to not reside in a state that hasn’t yet legalized medical marijuana or these strains are unavailable, you can still benefit from items including commercial hemp-derived CBD.
There are many different issues that CBD products can aid with. A few of these disorders that CBD can help treat consist of: pain, swelling, anxiety, anxiety, skin conditions, relief of chemotherapy negative effects, epilepsy, addiction management, and neuroprotection.
Discomfort and Swelling
There have actually been lots of studies that have had CBD used to deal with general persistent discomfort. Scientist put together the outcomes of numerous methodical evaluations covering lots of trials and studies. Their research concluded that there is considerable evidence that cannabis is a reliable treatment for chronic discomfort in grownups. A separate research study in the Journal of Speculative Medication supports these results. This research study suggests that utilizing CBD can minimize pain and swelling. The researchers also discovered that topics were not likely to build up a tolerance to the effects of CBD, so they would not require to increase their dose in time. They kept in mind that cannabinoids, such as CBD, could provide useful new treatments for people with chronic pain.
Depression and Anxiety
CBD is believed to positively affect the processes that manage our mood, sleep, and pain understanding, to name a few. These processes need to function effectively, so we feel better, sleep more peacefully, and experience less pain. Stress and anxiety and depression are conditions related to poor sleep, discomfort, and poor state of mind policy because the endocannabinoid system isn’t working to the very best of its capability. Drink CBD Oil
Experts think mindful CBD dosing might help temper anxiety-induced racing ideas that can cause interrupted sleep in addition to worried awakenings throughout the night. (In some people, however, excessive can make stress and anxiety even worse, so make sure to dosage slowly and carefully). Sleep disturbance and depression are also closely linked. More than 90% of depressed clients complain about difficulties falling asleep, sleep disruption, or early morning awakenings. CBD might improve their state of mind or their ability to handle the condition overall. CBD can likewise be utilized to treat parasomnias, sleep conditions like jaw grinding, sleepwalking, or problems, and it likewise cuts the time it requires to go to sleep.
CBD oil has an anti-inflammatory residential or commercial property, which can benefit the skin, and it can also minimize oil production, supply moisture and eliminate pain and itching. Topical CBD is safe and works successfully for all skin types. The items are simple to administer. Patients of serious medical skin conditions and those who are looking for innovative skin care alternatives can gain from topical CBD use. Anti-inflammatory properties related to CBD are useful in treating such dermatologic conditions as acne, psoriasis and eczema due to decrease of dryness, irritation and inflammation.
CBD-containing creams, oils, gels and serums not only moisturize and soothe the skin but are likewise showing motivating lead to easing discomfort caused by specific skin conditions. CBD has actually shown that it puts in antioxidant activity. This might position CBD oil as a treatment that repair work skin from free radicals, which might help to smooth wrinkles and minimize breakouts and blemishes. In addition, CBD-containing products are rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids which improve overall skin look and offer a more younger glow. Topical CBD is considered safe and has no known adverse adverse effects according to doctors.
Just recently, CBD has gotten a great deal of attention due to its potential to treat alcohol and drug abuse. Literature focuses on the pharmacotherapeutic capacity of CBD in terms of its significance in avoidance of regression in substance abuse. It is thought CBD works in targeting threat states of substance abuse regression by lowering stress and anxiety and stress related to drug hints and moderating anti-depressant activity. CBD has an impact on the brain circuitry that is accountable for drug yearning and looking for habits set off by drug-related context and tension. Taking into account the neuropharmacological and behavioral results of CBD and its influence on the neurocircuitry controlling addiction, the ramifications of CBD for the development of brand-new treatments of drug addiction has actually brought in the interest in the research community investigating therapeutic options for drug dependency and relapse.
There are a few various kinds of CBD items, they come in numerous forms. You can buy them as Oils and Casts, Edibles, Vapes, and Creams and Creams.
Oils and Casts
CBD oil and tinctures normally have a glycerin, oil, or alcohol base. Individuals can take these extracts by themselves, normally through a dropper or mix them in a food and drink of their choice. There are numerous strengths and flavors of CBD oils and casts are available.
CBD edibles include the above extracts but in a food form. CBD edibles are offered as drinks and food products, such as teas and chocolate. Gummies are a very common form of CBC edible. They can be found in numerous strengths and tastes. They are likewise among the best options to assist with sleep.
For fast action, vapes can provide CBD extracts through inhalation. However, vaping comes with added risk, including lung damage. Sublingual extracts placed under the tongue may offer a few of the quick action provided by vaporizers without the risk of vaping-associated lung injury.
Creams and Creams
CBD also is available in the kind of topical oils, creams, and creams. Some people may feel the results immediately, where others may not see any results for several hours. This is among the very best methods to aid with muscle discomfort. It might be best to experiment with a few various types to determine what provides the suitable relief.
In conclusion as you can see CBD has lots of excellent uses to assist with various disorders, and it comes a couple of various kinds. If you are looking for an alternative way to deal with any problems you might have, you might wish to look into some CBD companies and items to see what would work best for you. Drink CBD Oil | <urn:uuid:2d2958fd-da38-4913-b2e2-4b29f7e3666c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.utubecar.com/drink-cbd-oil-top-cbd-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962199 | 1,577 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Months after Toronto city council directed municipal staff to investigate creating a mobile crisis assistance intervention service as part of a suite of police reform measures, a new report is proposing a three-year pilot program.
However, some concerns are being raised about the lengthy timeline associated with the proposal given there might not see citywide implementation until 2026 if the initiative is ultimately deemed a success.
Also, questions were raised about the parameters that might be put in place for responding to calls.
Details of the pilot were announced earlier in the day. If approved by the City’s executive committee and council, services will be established in northwest Toronto, Scarborough and downtown Toronto as well as a dedicated program for Toronto’s Indigenous community. The services are proposed to operate between 2022 and 2025 with an annual cost between $7.2 and $7.9 million.
The report said the service would be for “some non-emergency calls” (such as someone who is reporting to be in crisis or a request for a wellness check) that a multidisciplinary team of workers with special training in de-escalation and crisis response.
Asante Haughton, a Toronto-based mental health advocate, and Rachel Bromberg, Canadian national co-ordinator of the International Mobile Services Network, joined together to form the Reach Out Response Network. The group, which welcomed the report, was established to push for a civilian mobile crisis program to be adopted in the city.
Haughton said one of his main concerns revolves around “political will.”
“I fear that this issue will not be at the forefront of people’s minds two or three years from now and because of that it might not be in the minds of politicians or those who have power and influence to make change happen,” he told Global News on Wednesday when asked about the report.
“We see mental health challenges, and distress in particular, as something that’s dangerous and we want to shift that perception to something different so that we recognize people who are in a lot of distress or are in a crisis are not dangerous. They are vulnerable, they need help, they need compassion and all of those things that help move us toward not just a more equitable society but also a society that cares about each other more.”
Bromberg said she too is concerned about such a long assessment period, adding other cities have studied and implemented mental health crisis support services quicker. However, she said she doesn’t want to see corners cut or a lack of proper resourcing.
When it comes to the types of calls to which the teams would respond, Bromberg said she needs additional clarity on the definition of “non-emergency.” She said most mental health calls are people who need urgent help.
“We wouldn’t want to create another under-resourced service that can’t get there fast enough when someone is in crisis and needs help,” Bromberg said.
As protests related to anti-Black racism and the Black Lives Matter movement have grown in recent months, along with more instances of individuals in mental health crisis dying after interactions with police, the push by advocates for emergency mental health response services to be created and dispatched in place of officers grew.
The need for better assistance was also highlighted in the report released on Wednesday.
“Underinvestment in mental health treatment over several decades has meant that more people with mental illness are not receiving the supports they need and are falling into distress, resulting in increased interactions with police, who have essentially become default first responders of the mental health-care system for those experiencing crisis,” staff wrote, noting there has been a 32.4-per-cent increase in crisis calls over the past five years.
“However, using law enforcement to address health issues creates service barriers and risks for many Torontonians, particularly Indigenous, Black, and equity-deserving communities. Systemic discrimination in Toronto has negatively impacted how these communities experience community safety.”
The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health has also been advocating for improved crisis care options instead of police services being the lead responders.
The report will be considered by the executive committee on Jan. 27. | <urn:uuid:215e5d09-e88f-414a-b297-e5400ff08900> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalnews.ca/news/7588946/toronto-mental-health-response-service-pilot-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.970402 | 872 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The best way to resolve the question is to use one of a few simple tools to take a look at what’s going on with your network, and to check whether the devices that are connected to it are ones you recognize, or ones that look suspicious and can’t be accounted for when you take stock of the Wi-Fi-connected gadgets in your home. Depending on your level of interest and your technical ability, there are some easy ways to find out. The New York Times’ J.D. Biersdorfer notes that there are a couple of easy ways to determine who’s using your Wi-Fi.
Check your router’s administrative page
One way to see what devices are connected to your Wi-Fi network (and to check whether you recognize all of them) is to log on to your router’s administrative page and check its DHCP Client Table, DHCP Client List, or the list of Attached Devices. From there, you’ll be able to see all of the computers, smartphones, tablets, and any other devices connected to your wireless router.
The website of your router’s manufacturer (or the print manual that’s been collecting dust since you purchased the router) should include instructions on how to log in to your router, which Biersdorfer notes usually requires typing the router’s Internet Protocol (IP) address into your web browser, and logging into the page with the administrator name and password.
You can also find your router’s IP address using text-based commands on either a Windows machine or a Mac. For instance, PC users can type “cmd” in the Start menu’s Search box, open the Command Prompt (cmd.exe) program, and enter “ipconfig” to find the router’s address, which Windows calls the Default Gateway. Or, Mac users can find the router’s IP address by opening the System Preferences icon, clicking the Network icon, and looking at the number that’s listed next to “Route
Use an app to scan the network
If you don’t want to bother with logging in to your router’s administrative page, you can download an app that will do the dirty work for you. There are a number of apps that will scan your network for connected devices. In fact, your router’s manufacturer may have its own app, like Netgear’s Genie, Linkys Connect, or Apple’s AirPort Utility for iOS.
Or, if you don’t like the manufacturer’s software or prefer to find another option, there are plenty of programs from third-party developers, apps that are equally capable of lending a bit of clarity to the assortment of devices that are connected to your network. A few choices include NirSoft Wireless Network, Watcher, Who’s on my WiFi for Windows, or the Fing network scanner for Android and iOS.Follow @newslexpoint
How to use the list to determine who’s using your Wi-Fi
Once you’ve gotten the app of your choice to show you a list of the gadgets that are connected to your network, you can determine which ones are yours, and see if there’s anything suspicious going on with your network. Your computer should show up, as well as your smartphone and your tablet (which you’ll probably be able to identify in the list by the manufacturer’s name).
If the list is confusing and the device names difficult to parse, you can turn off each of your gadgets or disable their Wi-Fi in turn to figure out their names. It’s possible that all of the devices on the list will be accounted for, but if you find a device connected to the network that doesn’t belong to you, you know that someone else is using your Wi-Fi. It’s possible that the unauthorized user is connecting to your network only sporadically, so you may need to perform checks a few times to determine if the device is responsible for slowing down your Wi-Fi.
Biersdorfer notes that some “sophisticated network moochers” are resourceful about disguising themselves while using your bandwidth. But if you have suspicions about who’s using your network, or if you’ve noticed that there are more devices connected than you and your household can account for, then you should consider changing your network’s password.
It should go without saying that you should ensure that your network is appropriately secured, but if your network is already encrypted and someone is still connecting, then the least you should do is change your Wi-Fi password immediately. After that, you should check on the network periodically to ensure that the only devices on the network are yours. If an unauthorized user manages to connect to your network again, you should return your router to factory settings and configure it again from scratch.
If, on the other hand, you determine that no unauthorized users are connecting to your Wi-Fi network, and you’re still experiencing problems with the speed of your network, you probably have other problems to troubleshoot. You should test the speed of your internet via both ethernet and Wi-Fi, and if your Wi-Fi speed is much slower than your wired connection speed, that may indicate that you need to replace your router. There are some other straightforward ways to improve your Wi-Fi’s performance. But if those tips don’t solve the problem, you may want to get in touch with your internet provider and see if there’s a problem that the company can help you resolve.
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Please use the button below to contribute to Newslex Point, Inc. using a credit card or via PayPal. | <urn:uuid:639f3d74-2792-45b4-a9b3-7af46a82f5b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newslexpoint.com/3-ways-help-find-someone-stealing-wi-fi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926189 | 1,247 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Considered the master of Mexican jungles, the jaguar is the largest feline in America and the third on the planet, surpassed only by the tiger and the lion. From the arid Arizona scrublands to the Misiones jungle in Argentina, the power of the jaguar extended through a vast Mesoamerican territory that, with the passage of civilization, became extinct.
In Mexico it is an animal of great symbolic importance, a metaphor of power and strength that embodies beauty, ferocity and the ambivalence of good and evil.
Its presence was constant in the religion and mythology of pre-Columbian cultures such as the Olmec, Zapotec, Toltec, Maya and Aztec. The sovereigns and great warriors incorporated jaguar’s skin, claws and fangs in their attire and weapons to invoke its power.
As a vestige of this tradition —in states such as Oaxaca, Chiapas and Guerrero— rituals, dances, celebrations and the use of the jaguar mask survive: molded in ceramic or carved in wood and polychromed with tooth, skin, bristle or mirror incrustations in Oaxaca; embroidered with beads, created by the Huicholes; the Olinalá lacquered ones in Guerrero, or the masterfully carved helmets in Teloloapan. | <urn:uuid:7fdb3d22-0caf-4923-8b40-ce83a1b4be89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://origenmexico.com/?s=jaguar&lan=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.914381 | 278 | 3.234375 | 3 |
What is operant conditioning essay?
What is operant conditioning essay?
Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
What are some examples of operant conditioning in everyday life?
Examples of Positive ReinforcementHomework Completion. A student tends to complete his/her homework daily; because he/she knows that he/she will be rewarded with a candy (action) or praise (behavior).Cleaning Room. Incentives and Bonuses. Discounts and Benefits.
What are the key concepts of operant conditioning?
Operant Conditioning: A Definition The basic concept behind operant conditioning is that a stimulus (Antecedent) leads to a behavior (Behavior), which then leads to a consequence (Consequence). This form of conditioning involves reinforcers, both positive and negative, as well as primary, secondary, and generalized.
Who is best known for operant conditioning?
What is operant conditioning example?
Operant conditioning can also be used to decrease a behavior via the removal of a desirable outcome or the application of a negative outcome. For example, a child may be told they will lose recess privileges if they talk out of turn in class. This potential for punishment may lead to a decrease in disruptive behaviors.
What are the 3 principles of operant conditioning?
Now let’s combine these four terms: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment ([link]). Something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Something is added to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
What are the 4 types of operant conditioning?
Operant Conditioning and TimingPositive reinforcement.Negative reinforcement.Punishment.Extinction.
What are some examples of operant conditioning in the classroom?
3 Operant Conditioning Examples Positive Reinforcement: Students who line up quietly receive a smiley sticker. Negative Reinforcement: The teacher ignores a student who shouts out answers but calls on him when he raises his hand. Positive Punishment: A student gets detention after being late for class too many times.
What is the major purpose of operant conditioning?
General Principles They result from combining the two major purposes of operant conditioning (increasing or decreasing the probability that a specific behavior will occur in the future), the types of stimuli used (positive/pleasant or negative/aversive), and the action taken (adding or removing the stimulus).
What are three examples of applications of operant conditioning?
Psychologists also use operant conditioning techniques to treat stuttering, sexual disorders, marital problems, drug addictions, impulsive spending, eating disorders, and many other behavioral problems. See Behavior Modification.
Can you use operant conditioning on yourself?
Let’s start with the established theories of classical and operant conditioning — concepts that everybody has heard about, but may not fully understand. You can apply this theory to yourself by finding positive pairings that enhance behavioral change, or by removing negative associations that reinforce bad habits.
What is punishment in operant conditioning?
Punishment is defined as a consequence that follows an operant response that decreases (or attempts to decrease) the likelihood of that response occurring in the future.
What is positive reinforcement example?
As noted above, positive reinforcement refers to introducing a desirable stimulus (i.e., a reward) to encourage the behavior that is desired. An example of this is giving a child a treat when he or she is polite to a stranger. An example of positive punishment is spanking a child when he or she is rude to a stranger.
What are some examples of positive reinforcement in the classroom?
With input from students, identify positive reinforcements such as:praise and nonverbal communication (e.g., smile, nod, thumbs up)social attention (e.g., a conversation, special time with the teacher or a peer)tangibles such as stickers, new pencils or washable tattoos.
What are reinforcing techniques?
To reinforce means “to strengthen”. In education, we use reinforcement techniques to provide students with feedback on the acceptability of their performance and thus, to strengthen desirable performance and minimize or eliminate undesirable performance. | <urn:uuid:b8e22d10-2185-42ef-9a5b-78d265cbe472> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thegatheringbaltimore.com/2021/08/29/what-is-operant-conditioning-essay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920563 | 897 | 3.5 | 4 |
Projects per year
Aging, or senescence, defined as a decline in physiological function with age, has long been a focus of research interest for evolutionary biologists. How has natural selection failed to remove genetic effects responsible for such reduced fitness among older individuals? Current evolutionary theory explains this phenomenon by showing that, as a result of the risk of death from environmental causes that individuals experience, the force of selection inevitably weakens with age [1-3]. This in turn means that genetic mutations having detrimental effects that are only felt late in life might persist in a population. Although widely accepted, this theory rests on the assumption that there is genetic variation for aging in natural systems [4, 5], or (equivalently), that genotype-by-age interactions (GxA) occur for fitness. To date, empirical support for this assumption has come almost entirely from laboratory studies on invertebrate systems, most notably Drosophila and C. elegans [6-10], whereas tests of genetic variation for aging are largely lacking from natural populations . By using data from two wild mammal populations, we perform quantitative genetic analyses of fitness and provide the first evidence for a genetic basis of senescence to come from a study in the natural environment. We find evidence that genetic differences among individuals cause variation in their rates of aging and that additive genetic variance for fitness increases with age, as predicted by the evolutionary theory of senescence.
FingerprintDive into the research topics of 'Evidence for a genetic basis of aging in two wild vertebrate populations'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
- 1 Finished
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Unschooling and homeschooling both involve your child learning outside of the traditional school system but the two methods can be very different. Yes, they may both happen at home, and while unschooling is considered a form of homeschooling, there are some key differences that sets it apart from the common, mainstream practice of homeschooling.
Why Home Education in the First Place?
Homeschooling and unschooling can be very different but the reasons why parents would want to educate their children outside of the classroom can be the same. Many parents feel the public school system, or perhaps even private schools, aren’t providing a quality education to their children. They may feel that their child can’t get enough one on one attention to help them learn or might feel that the pace is too slow and their child requires more of a challenge to remain interested.
Some parents may not agree that the material being taught is useful, or they may feel that a school is not equipped to educate a child that has special learning needs. The atmosphere their child is learning in can be a major concern for some parents, between bullying, cliques, peer pressure, and unhealthy competition. Whatever the reason, some parents, as well as children, feel that the home environment is a better place to learn. Once this has been decided, the question remains on how to approach at home learning.
What Is the Definition of Homeschooling?
Homeschooling, by definition, is simply the education of children at home. Unschooling can fall under this umbrella, but typically when talking about homeschooling, people are referring to teaching your children the same or a similar curriculum at home that would be taught in school.
What Are the Benefits of Homeschooling?
Homeschooling and unschooling both have their merits and one method may be more effective from one child to the next. Understanding how they both work then assessing your child’s needs, skills, strengths, and interests will help you decide which method would work best for your particular family.
Homeschooling is very much like traditional schooling in regards to structure and course material but instead of going to a school, the classroom is your home. This can be a great way to provide one on one support and guidance if your concern involves overfilled classrooms and uninvested educators.
The teaching methods a parent uses can be much more customized to the individual learning needs of their child when they are taught from home. They can tailor the course material to suit their child’s personality and this might make learning more fun or more effective. The course materials can also be as high quality and engaging as the parent is willing to make them.
Homeschooling can also provide a safe learning environment for children that feel bullied, pressured, stressed, or anxious. It can be a good option for children suffering from social, learning, or sensory disorders that make attending public school difficult. If a parent wants to add a religious element to their child’s education that wouldn’t be provided in public school, this can be done as well.
What Is the Parent’s Role in Homeschooling?
With homeschooling, the parent assumes the role of the teacher. They deliver the curriculum by providing the subject matter, activities, learning materials, and assessments. They determine the schedule and direct the flow of the day.
A major draw for homeschooling is that while the student is receiving basically the same information as they would in school, the parent can customize the pace and add or remove content to fit their child’s needs. They can slow down the learning plan and go at a gentler pace or speed it up and make it more challenging, depending on the learning speed of the child. They can get as hands on and involved as they’re willing to in order to make structured education as fun and engaging as possible.
What Is the Definition of Unschooling?
Unschooling may fall under the general umbrella of homeschooling but the methods involved are considerably different. To put it as simply as possible, unschooling is a method of education that allows the student to choose the subjects, activities, and pace of their own education.
What Are the Benefits of Unschooling?
Unschooling may be a form of homeschooling but it’s very different in the methods that are used and the results that parents would hope to achieve. Because unschooling is completely child led, it encourages creativity, independent thought, critical thinking, and independence.
Unschooling isn’t just about bringing the classroom home and getting away from the school environment, it’s about completely rejecting the structured system of learning from a curriculum and allowing the child to choose what they’d like to learn. This lets kids pursue whatever they’re interested in and can create a passion for education that cannot often be found from sitting at a desk with a textbook in front of them.
Children who are unschooled are provided with inspiration and guidance but are otherwise free to choose how their schooling will be structured. They will learn through playing, household chores, social experiences, and self-guided study. Children can learn to set their own educational goals, take the initiative to achieve them, and learn to be accountable for reaching these goals on their own.
Unschooling will also teach children how to use all the resources available to them to access information rather than just turning to a textbook or asking a teacher. As a parent, it’s essential to share as many sources of knowledge with your child as possible. The idea of unschooling is that they should be the one pursuing the information, but it’s important to keep them inspired, provide them with ample resources, and give them the guidance and mentorship they require.
What Is the Parent’s Role in Unschooling?
There are plenty of critics who think unschooling involves neglect or lazy parenting but when a parent fulfills their role in the unschooling method, they’re actually quite involved. Unschooling leaves the pursuit of knowledge totally up to the child, but that child needs to have access to inspirational, stimulating, and educational materials that will ignite their passion to learn.
Keeping plenty of books, games, puzzles, art supplies, musical instruments, and educational software around will give your child access to everything they need to be inspired. Taking them to interesting places to give them hands on education is an exciting way to help them learn about the world. Exploring the forest, combing the beach, or planting a garden in the backyard are all much more interactive ways to learn about biology and nature than what would be taught in a typical classroom.
Parents also need to pay attention to the child’s interests and progress so they can determine if more advanced materials are needed or if new opportunities or experiences may be interesting to their child. Sometimes this may involve meeting people in fields the child is interested in, joining groups or clubs within the community, or doing volunteer work together.
Unschooling vs Homeschooling: Deciding Which Method is Right for Your Child
Deciding between public school, private school, homeschooling, or unschooling can be a difficult and confusing decision. We all want what’s best for our children and we want to give them every opportunity to succeed in life, be happy, and feel fulfilled. Every method of education has different pros and cons. Understanding your children’s needs, determining what level of help and guidance you can provide them, and even giving them a say in which method they would prefer will help you figure out the best route for the education of your children. | <urn:uuid:bc274fd5-5e4b-42c2-acf2-6f6905c8443a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://iunschool.com/unschooling-vs-homeschooling-whats-the-difference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969158 | 1,579 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In the years before COVID, the most visible testament to how far Beijing was willing to push its scientists past the bounds of what the international community deemed “acceptable” was its gene-editing prowess. A few years ago, one Chinese scientist shocked the world, and even wound up imprisoned in his home country for making the CCP look bad, when he unveiled the world’s first gene-edited human babies. The twin girls had their genetic material altered in utero to make them immune to their father’s HIV infection.
We’re surprised that doesn’t come up more during discussions about Beijing’s rogue scientific endeavors – discussions that have become all the more common since COVID first burst out of Wuhan two years ago.
Nobody knows where those gene-edited girls are now (the Chinese government won’t say), but Beijing has apparently found a new project for its best gene scientists: the country’s largest research institution has reportedly developed mutant “humanoid pigs” that are susceptible to the human strain of the coronavirus using the world’s premier gene editing technology.
Once developed, the pigs will be used as test subjects as scientists test new remedies being developed to fight COVID. Though on this the Global Times, one of Beijing’s many state-controlled newspapers, didn’t go into much detail.
A study published in August showed the researchers at the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences explained how the scientists used CRISPR, a gene-editing tool, to remove the genetic protections that allow the pigs to reduce the human virus. The project clearly has the full backing of the CCP: the CAS research institution is the world’s largest organization of its kind and a formal arm of the Chinese government.
Why pigs? The Global Times, a mouthpiece for the Chinese government, actually has a pretty cogent explanation.
The existing cell lines and animal models on guinea pigs and some primates used for simulation of COVID-19 infection cannot capture the key characteristics of human physiology and therefore limit the accuracy of test on efficacy of vaccines and drugs.
We suppose they’re as good a host as any farm animal. They might even kill two birds with one stone if the unused pigs can then be eaten during the next outbreak of Pig Ebola. | <urn:uuid:ae25b19a-6567-4960-891a-6fe9b7033506> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geopolitic.org/2021/12/13/china-creates-humanized-pigs-to-be-used-in-covid-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942353 | 484 | 2.890625 | 3 |
For months, Latin America watched the rest of the world suffer as the coronavirus spread. It is a spectator no longer.
“This is the new epicenter,” said Dr. Marcos Espinal, director of communicable diseases at the Pan American Health Organization.
Months after emerging from a relatively obscure Chinese province, the eye of this viral storm has firmly landed in Latin America.
There are roughly 920,000 confirmed coronavirus cases and nearly 50,000 deaths across the region’s 33 countries, but those numbers are fast on the rise.
As new deaths and cases fall in the United States, Europe and Asia, Latin America now stands as the world’s sole region where the outbreak is unequivocally reaching new heights.
“In many ways this is no surprise,” said Dr. Ana Diez Roux, dean of Drexel University’s School of Public Health. “It was predictable that this was going to happen.”
In conversations with eight different experts, including a former head of state, epidemiologists and top researchers on the region, there is wide agreement that faulty government response coupled with Latin America’s unique economic and public health situation led to the severity of the current outbreak.
The experts were also nearly unanimous in the view that things are likely to get worse.
How we got here
Latin America recorded its first confirmed case in February, when a 61-year-old man tested positive in São Paulo, Brazil after returning from a trip to Italy.
For weeks afterward, things seemed to be under control. Case totals in the region crept only marginally higher. The first death wouldn’t be recorded until March 7 in Argentina.
But some already suspected there would be tragedy to come.
In a March 19 op-ed for the New York Times, Miguel Lago, a Brazilian public health expert, wrote that Latin America was not prepared for the virus and that the region might eventually become worse than Europe.
“[Latin America] could become the biggest victim of Covid-19 if health authorities and governments… do not take immediate actions.”
His words would prove prescient. By the middle of May, Latin America was reporting higher daily case total increases than both the United States and Europe.
Brazil would surge past Italy, the United Kingdom and Russia to record the second highest number of cases in the world.
A global shortage of tests and some countries’ reluctance to mass test have also raised doubts about whether cases and deaths are being accurately counted in the region.
“[The official numbers] provide a false sense of security. The number of cases is not showing close to the magnitude of the problem,” said Dr. Espinal.
Questionable government response
CNN reported on the viral outbreak in China the first week of January. By March 1, health experts around the world warned of an unstoppable pandemic.
Every Latin American government knew, or should have known, what was potentially coming, and in March, many regional leaders took actions that suggested they understood the threat.
Others did not.
“There were a few bad examples of governments that simply did not care, and presidents chose not to act,” said Luis Guillermo Solís, the former President of Costa Rica.
He specifically pointed to the heads of Latin America’s two largest countries, Brazil and Mexico, representing roughly half of the region’s total population.
Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro and Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador both quickly and consistently played down the threat of the virus in March. Bolsonaro called it a “little flu.” López Obrador held up two amulets at a press conference and, smiling, said they would protect him.
López Obrador eventually urged people to stay home and authorized the shuttering of vast sections of the economy. But his critics say unclear messaging has contributed to a Mexican public clearly skeptical of the virus’ mortal threat.
Mexico has seen its highest daily increases in deaths and new cases this week. It has recorded about 85,000 confirmed cases and around 9,400 deaths, though health officials say the actual figures are significantly higher due to Mexico testing at a far lower rate than many other countries.
Bolsonaro, however, has only doubled down on his initial claims. As Brazil’s outbreak grew exponentially into one of the worst in the world, with more than 465,000 cases and nearly 28,000 deaths, he has consistently attended large rallies packed with thousands of supporters.
“There has been a tension between local and state authorities who have wanted to go much further in terms of social distancing and they have been in tension with the national leadership,” said Katherine Bliss, senior fellow at the CSIS Global Health Policy Center.
Bolsonaro has argued the true threat is from quarantine measures imposed by state governors across the country – measures that have undeniably hurt Brazil’s economy.
But there is near universal agreement that Brazil’s outbreak would be far worse had those governors not taken action.
Quarantines don’t solve everything
The lack of swift responses in Brazil and Mexico were outliers in the region.
Former Costa Rican President Solís says the majority of leaders did the right thing.
“You had to isolate, you had to prevent people coming into your country,” said Solis. “By and large, I think that phase was handled correctly.”
Peru, Chile and Ecuador all closed their borders to foreigners in mid-March, while swiftly imposing tough quarantine measures that amounted to national lockdowns.
But two months later, Peru has the second-most confirmed cases in Latin America, Chile has the third, and the Ecuadorian city of Guayaquil experienced one of the world’s worst-known localized outbreaks.
The situations in those countries deteriorated despite widespread and proactive efforts by governments to contain the virus.
To explain why this is happening, experts point to at least two likely causes: Prevention measures have been made ineffective by massive economic inequality, and a lack of investment in public health systems undermines the ability to care for the sick.
Latin America has consistently been plagued with some of the world’s worst economic inequality, leading to massive amounts of workers participating in the so-called informal economy.
These are workers that do not earn a formal paycheck and must go into the streets every day to ply their wares, be it selling tacos, shining shoes or cleaning houses. They’re unlikely to have much, if any, savings to fall back on and they definitely don’t get sick leave.
“These people get by week-to-week during normal circumstances,” said Carin Zissis of the Americas Society and Council of the Americas. “If everything is shut down, how do they feed themselves and how do they feed their families?”
About 55% of all workers in Latin America toil in the informal economy, according to the World Economic Forum, totaling nearly 140 million people.
Living hand-to-mouth and with families to feed, many of these people still go out each day across Latin America, quarantines be damned.
“It’s very difficult for governments to maintain tough measures like lockdowns because these people must go out daily to earn money to survive,” said Carlos Malamud, a senior analyst at Spain’s Elcano Royal Institute.
Government subsidies could provide more incentive to stay home but cash-strapped countries simply don’t have the means to provide the level of support that would allow people not to go out to work.
Massive income disparities in Latin America’s huge metropolises have also made securing adequate housing impossible. Instead, millions crowd into poor, densely packed favelas or barrios, with large families often sharing a single room or two.
“The safety measures that one needs to take to stop the spread of the pandemic are simply absent,” said Cynthia Arnson, director of the Wilson Center’s Latin America Program.
In other words, many people couldn’t socially distance if they tried.
Latin American countries have also for years neglected to invest more in public healthcare that, in many cases, is written into constitutions as a right guaranteed to citizens.
The Pan American Health Organization says the vast majority of countries in the region invest less than its recommended 6% of GDP into public health.
That leaves public hospitals chronically underfunded but routinely overwhelmed by those seeking care.
The situation is difficult enough during times without a pandemic. But Covid-19 has pushed some public hospitals in Ecuador, Peru and Brazil to the brink of collapse and beyond.
Without proactive investment in public health systems, “You can take care of a pandemic for a little while, but you cannot keep up a sustained process,” said Solís.
Where does it go from here?
In Latin America, like everywhere else in the world, there are two overriding and at times conflicting goals as this outbreak progresses – how to slow the virus’ spread while jump-starting the economy.
Both goals might prove difficult to achieve.
The Pan American Health Organization believes the outbreak will continue at current levels for at least the next few weeks.
An influential model from the University of Washington predicts Brazil could surpass 125,000 deaths by August.
“I think we’re going to see significantly more deaths than we’ve seen [so far],” said Diez Roux, the Drexel University dean and epidemiologist.
Strained public health systems also likely won’t have the ability to track and isolate new cases on a large scale once quarantine measures ease, a strategy most health experts agree is vital to managing the outbreak over time.
“[That] is pretty much the only way we have to control it right now and for that you need very well-functioning systems,” said Diez Roux.
Recovering economically could prove even more challenging.
The United Nations is predicting a region-wide GDP contraction of 5.3%, the largest such contraction since records began in 1900. Thirty million people are expected to be added to the number of poor.
With worldwide economic activity depressed, Latin American economies that are extremely reliant on global trade will not be able to turn abroad for relief.
“I am extremely worried,” said Cynthia Arnson of the Wilson Center. “The economic pain is simply staggering.”
The poor are already more vulnerable to the virus because of bad living conditions and the need to go to work. But the virus is likely to make the number of poor grow, living conditions worse and the need to go out and earn money even greater.
It’s a brutal cycle but it represents the foreseeable future of Latin America – the region where the virus’ short- and long-term effects could be felt the most.
“Latin America is like a perfect storm,” said Lago, the Brazilian public health expert who warned about this way back in that March op-ed.
Even then, it was likely too late to do much. | <urn:uuid:9282cb5e-5256-447a-b4f3-b4828dce932d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/30/americas/latin-america-covid-19-epicenter-intl/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964692 | 2,337 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Abdullah b Sa'ad was a foster brother of Uthman. Uthman had drunk milk of the mother of Abdullah b Sa'ad. Under the influence of Uthman, Abdullah b Sa'ad accepted Islam before the conquest of Makkah. He came to Madina, and the Holy Prophet employed him for recording the revelations. He tampered with some of the revelations, and when taken to task he apostatized and returned to Makkah. When the Holy Prophet conquered Makkah he granted general amnesty to the Quraish. An exception was made in the case of ten persons who were to be killed for their heinous crimes. Abdullah b Sa'ad was one of these ten persons who were to be killed. Abdullah b Sa'ad sought the protection of Uthman and appealed to him to intercede on his behalf with the Holy Prophet. The foster mother of Uthman appealed to him to save his foster brother. Uthman was reluctant to intercede because under Islam apostasy was a crime punishable with death. On account of the persistent entreaties of his foster mother for whom he had great respect Uthman agreed that he would do whatever he could. Uthman took Abdullah b Sa'ad to the Holy Prophet, and placed him at the mercy of the Holy Prophet. When the request for forgiveness was made the Holy Prophet made no reply. Uthman repeated the request for the second time and still the Holy Prophet remained silent. The request was made for the third time and out of regard for Uthman, the Holy Prophet agreed to spare the life of Abdullah b, Sa'ad. Abdullah repented and craved for forgiveness. He was forgiven and was readmitted to the fold of Islam. | <urn:uuid:f8564253-e73e-4f27-a263-be0c19b8fb74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alim.org/history/khaleefa/uthman/19/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979497 | 358 | 2.84375 | 3 |
NCST Program Information for Pennsylvania Vocational School
When it comes to choosing tech schools within the general Youngstown-Warren-Boardman region, be sure to choose one that offers many different programs in fast-growing fields. New Castle School of Trades offers a variety of programs in skilled fields. The faculty and staff at NCST are committed to offering quality courses that prepare individuals to achieve their educational goals for employment and advancement in their chosen professions.
That’s the NCST difference. We take you every step of the way, from starting as a novice to becoming an expert in a thriving field. Below, is a breakdown of the trade school programs provide at New Castle School of Trades in Pennsylvania.
New Castle, PA Training Programs
When it comes to choosing technical school programs, NCST knows you want expert instruction and course variety. The following are several viable trade options for our students.
Select from these exciting and fast-growing fields:
- Automotive Technology– Our program uses only the most up-to-date and industry-standard equipment in our courses. In just 60-weeks, you’ll be ready for a thriving career field.
- Building Technology– The graduates of this program go on to work in commercial and residential construction and contracting. A great fit for those seeking a managerial position.
- Combination Welding– Experienced welding instructors teach our students how to utilize electric arc welders, gas metal arc welders, oxy-fuel cutters, and hydraulic shears among many other vital tools.
- Commercial Truck Driving– As a licensed truck driver, you’ll have access to positions like tractor-trailer driver, delivery truck driver and dump truck operator. Best yet, we’ll get you on the road in only a few weeks.
- Diesel and Heavy Equipment Repair Technology– In this program, you’ll be working with only the most sophisticated repair equipment, including electronic circuit testing tools and meters, diagnostic computer scanners, and engine and fuel injection testing equipment.
- Electrical Technology– A thriving career as an electrician is within your grasp with this thorough program. Our instructors will give you the know-how to work with oscilloscopes, motor control equipment, digital power supplies, and conduit benders, as well as many other fundamental tools.
- Heavy Equipment Operations with Commercial Truck Driving– Our short-term curriculum will set you on the path to working with vital construction equipment like bulldozers, backhoes, telehandlers, and excavators.
- Industrial Electro-Mechanical Technology –This program equips students with a variety of skills needed to maintain a facility. In addition to basic welding, mechanics, fluid control, pneumatics and hydraulics, and forklift operation, students also learn about HVAC systems and more detailed electrical work and programmable logic controllers.
- Machinist Technology– Your CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) machining training will allow you to work with metals, plastics, and other important industrial materials, and our instructors will cover topics like milling, and lathe operations, turning center basics, and offsets.
- Motorcycle and Power Equipment Technology– Our comprehensive courses will give you the knowledge to repair and maintain motorcycles, ATVs, motorboats, lawnmowers, riding tractors, snowmobiles, and chainsaws.
- Refrigeration/AC Technology– This program immerses our students in an electrical background for refrigeration and heating and cooling technologies. Upon graduation, you will be qualified to work with walk-in and commercial coolers, and freezers, heat pumps, central A/C units, and furnaces, among many other possibilities.
I would recommend this school to anyone who is really interested in the trades and wants to learn at a quick pace. The teachers are amazing and will help you with whatever you need. They are really there for you if you are there for yourself. I can’t say enough good things about New Castle School of Trades!
Anne Falanga, New Castle Graduate
Learn More About New Castle School of Trades
Once a trainee has determined which of NCST’s technical program is right for them, be assured that New Castle’s commitment doesn’t end at graduation.
We’re confident New Castle’s trade school programs are what you’re looking for and we’re excited to start you on a new path. For more information about everything that NCST offers, be sure to contact us today at 1-833-352-0808! | <urn:uuid:d4995f3b-34e8-4b3d-a1ea-c286ffed0391> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ncstrades.edu/new-castle-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.92862 | 941 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Experts: Cedar Valley Residents DO NOT Rake Your Leaves!
It's Fall in Iowa. The leaves have all changed and are now dropping. LIKE CRAZY. Especially in the Cedar Valley. On my front stoop, they have to be swept daily. As pretty as they are while on the trees, they turn to a nuisance as soon as they drop. That's why Iowans spend hours cleaning them, sweeping them, mulching them... But we shouldn't. Nope, we should leaf them (heh, see what I did there). According to biologists at the National Wildlife Federation, you should just let them sit on your yard. Why?
Here are some reasons you shouldn't rake your leaves, according to the National Wildlife Federation and Return To Now:
- It's unnatural. A few inch deep leaf layer is actually natural, it forms its own ecosystem. It's a habitat for wildlife.
- A lot of wildlife rely on fallen leaves for shelter and food.
- Free fertilizer and mulch. Fallen leaves actually decompress weeds naturally and when they decompose they add nutrients to the soil... for free!
- The birds and butterflies. Often times larvae are attached to fallen leaves. So if you rake and remove leaves, you're getting rid of butterflies. And if you get rid of butterflies, you probably won't have as many birds in your yard because birds rely on the larvae to feed their young.
- Reduce waste! Using plastic bags to round up your raked leaves is incredibly wasteful. Bags used for yard trimmings account for roughly 33 million tons of waste each year in landfills.
- Reduce pollution. Sure many leaf blowers are electric. But many are not. They, along with leaf trucks often use gas which equals pollution. Go green and don't rake the leaves.
- Save your time and your body! Why waste your time and literal energy doing something you really shouldn't? You don't have to tell me twice... | <urn:uuid:539fccaf-2dfc-46e1-96db-7b17d355a8db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kdat.com/do-not-rake-your-leaves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.964112 | 406 | 2.828125 | 3 |
There are lots of people who are waste deep within the monetary gap and want to know the way to become debt free. It could get to the point a lot of times where it feels like you’re by no means ever going to get out of debt due to how long the fee time period is, and how far behind you’re. There are even these people who truly make all of their funds on time each month and still get nowhere with their debt as a result of all that they are actually doing is paying the interest on the payments. It is because the rate of interest on the payments are so high that the individual can’t make any progress just by making the minimum monthly fee. But there’s a nice option for you that really can get you on the right track to becoming financially free once again, and that is by what is named debt consolidation.
Cascading Debt Elimination–Though some folks imagine that it makes more monetary sense to make an effort to pay off your debts with the biggest rate of interest first, the cascading methodology goals at paying off your smallest debt first, and adding the fee for the first paid off debt to the second smallest debt till all your debts are paid off. The logic behind this methodology is that you just acquire momentum every time a debt is paid off, which motivates you to go on until your debts are all gone.
Cease adding credit debts to your account.
In this economic system every enterprise owner is seeking to create more visitors, gross sales and profits, and some wonder if any amount of advertising will get them the visitors essential to their business growth. Most companies are still using antiquated strategies that not work to get purchasers to choose them over their rivals.
For individuals who play the ‘price tart’ game ?
Online is the most possible method to apply for these loans as the appliance takes much less time. One can simply qualify for loans and get quick approval. Maybe, searching for a very good take care of profitable terms can be potential on-line. Some research work will certainly fetch you a good deal.
Thus if you bought 4 choices for every option that you bought, the ratio can be four:1. In a credit spread, if all the options involved expire worthless, the dealer’s profit will be the net credit he received from the choice sale, after purchasing the on the money option(s) and paying transaction prices. Regardless of your present state of affairs, if you’re struggling or thriving, you may all benefit from a strong credit score. | <urn:uuid:3aafee64-0183-4ee3-b96d-43279b36a2c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arbmedias.com/the-reduced-down-on-credit-repair-from-arb-media-finance-revealed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963855 | 527 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Istanbul is a major city in Turkey that straddles Europe and Asia across the Bosphorus Strait. Its Old City reflects cultural influences of the many empires that once ruled here. In the Sultan Ahmet district, the open-air, Roman-era Hippodrome was for centuries the site of chariot races, and Egyptian obelisks also remain. The iconic Byzantine Hagia Sophia features a soaring 6th-century dome and rare Christian mosaics.
Istanbul, the only city which is both in Asia and Europe, is known for its historical sites, museums, the Grand Bazaar, and Turkish cuisine. As you hop on an excursion of this travel destination where East meets west, and here is a chance to navigate through its scenic landscapes that are layered with rich history.
The Ottoman-era Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Blue Mosque) was named for its blue interior tiles. Circa-1460 Topkapı Palace, home to Ottoman sultans until the 19th century, contains royal artifacts and rooms that once comprised a large harem. Nearby is the Spice Market and rambling Grand Bazaar. Spanning the Golden Horn estuary, atmospheric Galata Bridge is a popular fishing spot and leads to the city’s modern heart. The Galata area is known for its medieval tower and upmarket boutiques.
Things to do
The Blue Mosque
The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer
The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world, with 61 covered streets and over 4,000 shops on a total area of 30,700 m², attracting between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily. Historic sprawling network of indoor souks & market streets peddling leather, jewellery & gifts.
Hagia Sophia Museum
Hagia Sophia is the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Built in 537 AD at the beginning of the middle Ages, it was famous in particular for its massive dome. Museum with glittering mosaics of Biblical scenes in vast, domed former Byzantine church and mosque.
Topkapi Palace Museum
Historic Ottoman-era palace complex
Huge, opulent 15th-century palace, occupied by sultans for 400 years, housing Ottoman treasures.
The Topkapı Palace, or the Seraglio, is a large museum in Istanbul, Turkey. In the 15th century, it served as the main residence and administrative headquarters of the Ottoman sultans. Construction began in 1459, ordered by Mehmed the Conqueror, six years after the conquest of Constantinople
The Bosporus or Bosphorus is a narrow, natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern Turkey. It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and divides Turkey by separating Anatolia from Thrace
Landmark waterway & continental boundary
Boat tours provide visitors with unique city views from this strait separating Europe & Asia
Istanbul holidays are defined by hot summers and cold winters, so pack appropriate clothing for the time of year. During the summer months, high temperatures are accompanied by high humidity, and this may feel uncomfortable to many people who are not acclimatised to travelling in hot countries, so make sure clothing is not only light and cool, but is made of breathable fabrics. In winter, weather is largely cold and often snowy, so pack plenty of layers and thicker clothing, along with sensible cold-weather footwear.
Turkish is the main language, but you'll find English widely spoken and used in things like signage and restaurant menus, too. For travellers who don't speak Turkish or English, there are also 'tourism police' in the main holiday hotspots, and they are able to help with any incidents affecting visitors from all over the world.
Turkish lira is the local currency, with bank notes from 5 to 100 TL and coins from 10 kurus to 1 TL. Scottish notes are not accepted, but English sterling can be exchanged easily at banks and hotels, and also without commission at doviz, the local bureaux de change. Travellers' cheques can be exchanged too, and there are plenty of ATMs. If you plan to use your card on holidays to Istanbul, tell your bank in advance, as it can be difficult to resolve the situation if they reject your transaction due to concerns about fraud.
You will need a visa when planning package holidays to Istanbul. However, this is typically obtained on arrival, by queueing at the visa booth at the airport. You get your visa before going through passport control, at a cost of about £10, and it will cover you for trips of up to three months. For longer stays, you can apply to extend your visa - but this should be done within a month of arrival, so don't expect to be able to extend your stay on a whim beyond three months. | <urn:uuid:4b16042c-1a2a-4834-b993-cdf2299aa4cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whitemagictravels.co.uk/istanbul | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947522 | 1,078 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Yin Yoga and TCM – Organic Virtues
A virtue is trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as foundation of principle and good moral being.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holds that each of the yin organs related to the five elements has its virtue.
In the series of practices, we will together discuss and contemplate virtues of each organs according to TCM. Practice comprises of mainly yin yoga meridian practice, combined with yang stretches/movement or qi gong, depending on the theme.
Delivered via Zoom on alternate Saturdays (9.00am-11.am)
|17 October 2020||TCM and 5 elements basic concepts|
|31 October 2020||Heart meridian|
|07 November 2020||Kidney|
|21 November 2020||Spleen|
|05 December 2020||Liver|
|19 December 2020||Lung| | <urn:uuid:443035cd-08dd-4069-9e76-caf1c7b286e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kalyanayogastudio.com/yin-yoga-and-tcm-organic-virtues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.921898 | 193 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The Rose Garden highlights some of the variation found in the much-revered rose. Careful selections are made to blend both antique and heirloom roses with modern hybrids so both classic forms can be enjoyed with the newer hybridization trends.
Double petaled and single roses are both welcome additions. The singles are frequently pollinated and often develop the red showy hips that are decorative accents throughout the winter. Some selections are made because of the wonderful and familiar fragrances that roses can produce. There are climbing roses to be found with their tall arching stems covered in delicate flowers. Rose species can also be found where one can see the variety of shapes from ground cover to large cascading shrubs. All fragrant, roses in the Garden include Noisettes, Bourbons, Damasks, found, or wild, roses. The bulk of the collection is grown in the Rose Garden, where they are evaluated for disease resistance. Nearly all in the collection are repeat bloomers – and because they are planted with perennials as companions, they make the garden sparkle with color both in fall as well as spring. | <urn:uuid:3bf4d703-b6e2-4b28-891c-4efd77a31b4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atlantabg.org/plan-your-visit/outdoor-collections/roses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.961769 | 228 | 1.914063 | 2 |
1. We shall be embarking in the present lecture upon the main project of our first course—the endeavour to show that, despite the contrary trend of so much contemporary philosophy, the rigorous application of reason does not compel a renunciation of the theologically indispensable concept of the soul. There are, however, certain preliminary observations of a methodological sort which it seems desirable to make.
As I indicated earlier, I do not think it possible to counter effectively a scepticism that is so widespread, and of such varied provenance, as present-day scepticism about the soul, by the method of rebutting piece-meal this, that and the other specific argument against the soul's reality. At bottom, this contemporary scepticism derives, I believe, from a whole way of approach to the problems of philosophy, and to the interpretation of the human mind in particular; a way of approach which has been gaining in popularity roughly since the turn of the century, and which at the present time may be said to claim the allegiance of the great majority of professional philosophers. It is given, very commonly, the general title of ‘empiricism’; but this is not, perhaps, an entirely happy usage. For the great divide between philosophers in recent times is not, in my opinion, between those who appeal to ‘experience’ to provide evidence for their doctrines, and those who spin their theories out of something called ‘pure reason’. Almost every philosopher today would at least claim to be basing his views on ‘experience’. There is, however, a very real divide between those who understand by ‘experience’ merely sensory experience, and those who believe that experience as a source of evidence is far richer than is allowed for by its arbitrary limitation to the sensory.
So far as the study of the human mind is concerned, the least misleading term to designate the typical modern approach is, I think, ‘naturalistic’. For the method of procedure now favoured is based throughout on the assumption that the human mind is just one among other objects in the ‘natural’ world. I need scarcely say that this is not the method I propose to adopt in these lectures. Criticism of particular manifestations of the naturalistic approach must await its proper occasion, but it is perhaps worth while indicating at once in general terms why I am convinced it can only lead to grave distortions. The naturalistic standpoint, the standpoint proper to, and indeed alone possible for, the study of physical objects, is the stand-point of the external observer. But that standpoint is bound to be inadequate to the study of that which is something not merely for an external observer, but also for itself. It will not afford us even a glimpse of this latter aspect of the thing's being; and in the degree that this latter aspect is Important to the thing's being, any account which abstracts from it is bound to result in travesty. Now there can be no doubt that the human mind, whatever else it is, is at least ‘something for itself’. And there can be very little doubt, I should have thought, that this aspect of it is of very great importance. Accordingly it seems to me clear that the naturalistic approach to the study of the mind, abstracting wholly from the standpoint of the experiencing subject, which can alone throw light upon what the mind is for itself, is in principle hopelessly incapable of revealing to us mental experience as it really is, and as, in our less doctrinaire moments, we all believe it to be.
I venture to suggest, therefore, even at the threshold of our enquiry, that people today who have a concern for religion are perhaps a little unduly disquieted by the inability of so many modern philosophers to discover in their investigations anything that could answer to the common notion of a ‘self—let alone of a ‘soul’. Adopting, as these philosophers predominantly do, the naturalistic approach to human experience, the surprising thing would be if such a discovery were made. It does not follow, of course, that a conclusion satisfactory to the theologian will emerge from an enquiry conducted from the more adequate standpoint which takes due account of what our distinctively human experience is for the experiencing subject. But this standpoint does seem to be the only proper one; and it is one for which it is at least an open question whether or not the soul exists. I think that that question is in effect answered in advance by those who elect to adopt the naturalistic approach.
2. In my first lecture I gave it as my view that ‘in the intellectual milieu of today, there can be no effective vindication of the “self” short of its constructive establishment from philosophic first principles’; and that this involves ‘an examination of our distinctively human experience in some of its more fundamental modes and manifestations’. Without prejudice to questions about the metaphysical primacy of one or another mode of experience, I shall, simply as a convenience of method, deal first with man as a cognitive being. What is characteristic of human, as distinct from merely animal, experience depends so vitally upon the presence of ‘ideas’ that not much of importance seems able to be said about human conation or human feeling without some prior understanding of human cognition. On the other hand, it is, I think, perfectly possible to elicit satisfactorily the essential character of human cognition with almost no reference to either conation or feeling. One does well to bear in mind, however, that there is probably no cognitive experience which has not a conative and a feeling aspect, and that it would be quite vain to try to understand a man's cognitive life as a whole, or even over any considerable span, without taking account of the manner in which all three sides of his nature interweave with and reciprocally determine one another.
Our problem in this lecture, then, will be to ascertain the essential nature of human cognition. I shall lead up to the answer in my own way; but I should like to make it clear that, to the best of my knowledge, it is only in mode of presentation, not in substance, that my answer differs from that given seventy odd years ago by F. H. Bradley and Bernard Bosanquet.
In inviting attention, as I am about to do, to one of the basic teachings of Absolute Idealism, a philosophy that has for some time been rumoured to be defunct, I am aware that many of you will feel that something in the way of an apology is called for. I fear, however, that any display of contrition on my part would be hypocritical. There is, indeed, much in the metaphysics, and hardly less in the ethics, of this school of philosophy which I should be most unhappy to have to defend; and of the imprecise and rhetorical language in which its doctrines have too often been presented, I think there is no defence. But that there are also to be found in it elements of very great value is doubted (so far as my experience goes) only by those who have contrived to remain in, or to return to, virtually a state of nature with respect to what the major representatives of this school have had to say. It is my own strong conviction that Idealism succeeded in laying hold of two outstandingly important truths, the neglect of which in recent philosophy has been nothing short of disastrous. Both of these truths, as it happens, are of the highest relevance to the subject of this course. The first is the centrality of the judgment in human cognition. The second is the centrality of self-consciousness in human experience generally. With the first we shall be concerned at once; for we have in the Idealist's ‘judgment-theory’ of cognition, I am persuaded, the one sound answer to the question with which the present lecture has to deal, viz. ‘What is the essential nature of the fundamental mode of human experience we call “cognition”?’
Nevertheless, while I cannot bring myself to feel apologetic about asking your attention for a doctrine which I believe to be as true and as fruitful as it is now unfamiliar, I freely confess that I am a good deal troubled about how to expound it with reasonable brevity in terms that do not presuppose some acquaintance with the context of philosophic thought in which it arose. Yet the problem of the essential nature of cognition is, in my view, of such moment, not merely for an appreciation of what sort of thing a thinking mind is, but for philosophy in general, that the task must at least be attempted. I shall do what I can to avoid question-begging assumptions, and I shall hope to forestall some misunderstandings by taking note of such objections as appear in the rare references to the doctrine that I am able to discover in recent philosophical writings. (And for your comfort let me add that not until Lecture XIX do I propose again to tax your patience by involving the argument in a system of thought so uncongenial to contemporary philosophy as that of F. H. Bradley.)
3. Let us be quite clear what it is we are setting out to discover. We are looking for those characteristics in virtue of which we should be prepared, on reflection, to call an experience a cognitive experience; for those characteristics which are at once necessary to and sufficient for cognition. The procedure which may be expected to throw the required features into sharpest relief is, I think, to select some case in which what everyone would agree to call a cognitive experience supervenes upon what everyone would agree to call a non-cognitive experience, and to try to ascertain what happens in one's mind when the transition takes place. We want to concentrate attention upon the transition-point between non-cognition and cognition. And it will be better, I think, to take a case where the transition is not from total non-cognition to cognition (as in awaking from a profound and dreamless sleep), but rather from non-cognition in respect to a particular field to cognition in respect to that field. This latter type of case is preferable because instances of it are abundant, can be produced at will, and are much more amenable to introspective observation and analysis.
Here, then, is an instance1 to serve as a basis for our analysis:
Let us suppose ourselves to be lying out on the open hillside on a fine summer day, completely absorbed in our private thoughts. All sorts of sights and sounds and smells assail our senses, but they ‘mean nothing’ to us. So far as awareness of our physical surroundings is concerned, we might as well be sitting before our study fire. Suddenly something occurs to arouse us abruptly from our reverie—perhaps the scream of a low-flying ‘jet’. We ‘come back to life’ (as the saying is) and begin to notice what is before us and about us. What we were previously looking at, but without awareness, now ‘registers’ in our conscious mind. It has now, in sharp contrast with a moment ago, what it is natural to call a ‘meaning’ for us.
I take it that everyone will allow that we have here a case in which the mind passes from a non-cognitive to a cognitive state with respect to our physical environment. Let us now select for special attention some particular item in the cognised field, for preference some very simple item like a patch of green; and let us consider what is involved in its thus becoming ‘cognised’.
It will not have escaped notice that already, in what purported to be mere description, we have moved a little way towards an answer. The ‘green’, we suggested, in becoming cognised, acquires a ‘meaning’ for us. This step, I think, should offer no difficulty to anyone. The claim will hardly be made that there can be a state properly called ‘cognitive’ in which there is no awareness of meaning. It is, indeed, in complete accord with ordinary usage to say of an object when it first enters into our cognition that it ‘takes on significance for us’, or ‘acquires a meaning for us’.
Nevertheless, ‘meaning’ is such a troublesome term in philosophy that it may be as well to protect our present use of it against misunderstanding. Be it noted, then, that the sense of the term ‘meaning’ in our present, quite familiar, usage is different from its sense in that still more familiar usage in which we speak of symbols (the most common of which are words) as having ‘meaning’. ‘Meaning’ in our present usage is a much more ultimate notion than that. It has sometimes been asserted, I am aware, that ‘only “symbols” mean’. But if ‘mean’ is here equivalent to ‘have meaning’, then the assertion involves an arbitrary and highly inconvenient limitation upon the meaning of the term. It is perfectly intelligible, and in some contexts important, to say ‘In so far as an object is anything for a mind, it has a meaning for that mind’. That ultimate sense is the sense in which we are using the term ‘meaning’ here, and clearly it has nothing to do with symbolic reference as ordinarily understood.
In the passage, then, from the non-cognitive to the cognitive state in respect of the green patch, we pass from a state in which it has no meaning for us to a state in which it does have meaning. Let us concentrate upon this point of transition. Let us ask ourselves, introspecting with all possible care, what takes place in our experience when the ‘green’ we have been looking at, but have not ‘cognised’, is suddenly perceived as green.
The answer I propose to you, and shall go on to develop, is as follows. The green acquires a meaning for us, is cognised as green, when, and only when, we are aware of it as in some sense qualifying or characterising the objective world—and, accordingly, as related to other constituents of that world.
Now the term ‘objective world’ is here obviously of key importance. What it denotes cannot, strictly speaking, be defined. It stands, like ‘meaning’ in our present usage, for a quite ultimate notion. The notion of an objective world is not something at which cognition arrives, but something from which cognition starts, something necessarily presupposed in all cognition. We can best indicate its cognitive function by saying that ‘objective world’ denotes for us that which in all cognition the cognising subject supposes himself to be knowing or seeking to know. The life of cognition from beginning to end rests upon the presumption that there is an ‘objective world’, in this sense, to be known. If we try to dispense with the notion of it we find that eo ipso we are dispensing with the notion of cognition itself.
An equivalent of the expression ‘objective world’ would be ‘objective reality’. And it is, I think, on the whole a preferable equivalent. For the expression ‘objective world’ has gathered about it in common speech certain limiting associations (e.g. with the merely physical realm of being). ‘That which in all cognition we suppose ourselves to be knowing or seeking to know’ clearly ought not to be identified in advance with purely physical entities (nor indeed even with these plus psychical entities). It is better designated by the more comprehensive expression ‘objective reality’. We are justified in calling it ‘objective’, because in all cognition one takes for granted that what one is trying to get knowledge of exists independently of one's own knowing of it. And we are justified in calling it ‘reality’, because knowledge is and must be of the real if it is to be knowledge properly so called at all. (Apparent exceptions to this, such as knowledge of ‘imaginary’ entities like the isle of Prospero, could, I think, with very little trouble be shown to be merely apparent.)
With these linguistic explanations in mind, it can now be made clear, I think, what I meant by saying that the condition of the green being ‘cognised’, i.e. of its having meaning for us as green, is that it be apprehended as characterising the objective world—or, as we shall now say, the objective reality. If it were not apprehended thus as being a character of the objective reality, if it were for us (per impossibile) just ‘green’, then it would contribute nothing to, could in no way enter into, our cognitive experience. For the whole business of the cognitive life is to know the objective reality, i.e. to characterise it accurately and adequately. In other words, to be just ‘green’ is to be, for cognition, just nothing; it involves total isolation from the life of cognition. If, on the other hand, the green is apprehended as characterising the objective reality, then we can see at once how it enters significantly into the life of cognition and comes to play the part in that life which we find that a cognised ‘green’ does in fact play. If, and only if, what is ‘cognised’ is apprehended as characterising the objective reality, can we proceed to link it up with other constituents of the objective reality as characterised by us in other cognitions. It is thus and only thus, that that which, when it first enters into our cognition, may be, as in our example, no more than ‘a green something’, can develop for our cognition into, say, ‘a green shrub in the middle of a stretch of moorland half a mile or so to the south-west’.
What I have been trying to do in this analysis is in effect to make explicit elements that are already implicit in any experience to which one is prepared, on reflection, to give the title ‘cognitive’. Of course it is not immediately obvious that these elements are present. There would be no ‘problem’ about the essence of cognition if it were. That which is merely implicit is in the nature of the case never ‘obvious’. I am convinced, however, that careful introspection, reinforced by consideration of what a cognition must involve if it is to make any contribution to the cognitive life in general—without which it can hardly qualify for the name ‘cognition’—leaves no plausible alternative to the view I have been urging. I repeat the view once more, for it will be of much importance for our subsequent discussions. Unless and until an experience involves apprehension of something as characterising the objective reality, it cannot have the status of a ‘cognition.’ If, on the other hand, this minimal condition is satisfied, the experience in question at once becomes continuous with our cognitive life in general, and what is apprehended through it can be, and normally is, linked up with other characterisations of the objective reality. It is now in a position to contribute, as it could not possibly do before, to that progressive articulation of the nature of objective reality which is the specific function of the cognitive mode of experience.
We have now to notice that if the essence of cognition lies thus in the apprehension of something as characterising objective reality, cognition will in fact always involve what is commonly designated in philosophical discourse by the term ‘judgment’. We have, quite clearly, the qualification of a subject by a predicate.2 The subject is the objective reality that is being characterised. The predicate is that by which the objective reality is being characterised. The element of affirmation proper to the judgment—the mental affirmation that the predicate qualifies the subject—is perhaps less manifest. In many everyday cognitions, particularly in the field of sense-perception, we should feel it more natural to say that we ‘mentally accept’ that the predicate qualifies the subject rather than that we ‘mentally affirm’ it; as, e.g. when we ‘cognise’ that this room is warm. But on reflection it appears that ‘acceptance’ here is not different in principle from ‘affirmation’. For if someone should say to us ‘This room is rather cold’, we should have no hesitation in taking this remark as contradicting our unexpressed thought. And it could not contradict our thought unless our thought involved affirming something, and was capable of being true or false; unless, in short, our thought involved judgment. Mental acceptance differs from mental affirmation, I think, only in that in the former the consciousness of affirmation is relatively inexplicit. For although there are no degrees in the affirmation characteristic of judgment, although we cannot affirm ‘more or less’, we can be more or less clearly conscious that we are affirming.
4. Cognition, then, always involves judgment. Shortly I shall go on to develop further what is involved in cognition by considering what precisely is entailed by its having the judgment-form. Only after that has been done shall we be fully prepared to appreciate the immensely important implications for philosophy which are (as I think) carried by the thesis that all cognition involves judgment. But it will be best to defer for a little this analysis of the judgment-form in its epistemological significance in order that we may consolidate our thesis as it has so far been propounded by a consideration of the kind of objections that tend to be raised against it.
I begin with a rather superficial objection which is, I think, just worth noticing, though not worth commenting on at length. It may be argued against the contention that all cognition involves judgment that certain utterances which undoubtedly express cognitions give no indication of the subject-predicate structure essential to judgment: as, e.g. when someone shouts out ‘Fire!’ The answer is simple. Overt utterance is only a clue, and often a most misleading clue, to the logical structure of the cognition it expresses. It is perfectly clear as soon as we reflect upon the actual cognition expressed by the single word ‘Fire!’ (though, of course, ‘cognition’ is not all that is expressed by the word) that subject and predicate are there, for thought though not in speech. Our actual awareness is of a house (or whatever else it may be) as subject, characterised by the state of being a-fire as predicate. The judgment is given abbreviated expression in utterance for practical purposes that are obvious.
5. What looks like a more formidable objection has been raised by Professor Price. He complains that ‘judgment’ as used by idealists is a sort of blanket term which covers indiscriminately different types of cognition which ought to be carefully distinguished. Idealist logicians, he says, ‘used the ambiguous term “judgment” to cover knowledge, opinion and belief all at once, as if there was no difference between them.’3 As a result of this linguistic solecism, he contends, idealist logicians implicitly deny certain truths so obvious as to have the standing of platitudes. By rejecting the distinction between believing and knowing, they implicitly deny, e.g. the following platitude: ‘It is self-contradictory to say “X knows A is B but in fact A is not B;” whereas it is never self-contradictory (though it may be false) to say “X believes that A is B but in fact A is not B.”’4
I fear it must be replied, however, with all respect to its distinguished author, that this charge rests upon a misunderstanding of the idealist logician's teaching about judgment. The only sense in which idealist logicians can be said to use the term ‘judgment’ ‘to cover knowledge, opinion and belief all at once’ is a sense which is completely compatible with their recognising the mutual distinctness of knowledge, opinion, and belief. What they contend is that judgment is common to ‘knowledge, opinion and belief (and every other cognitive mode). Judgment may therefore be said to be, for the Idealist logician, an identical element in all three. But that is a totally different thing from saying, as Price is apparently saying, that for the idealist logician judgment is identical with all three, and that all three are therefore identical with one another!
To illustrate briefly. There is nothing in the judgment-theory of cognition to prevent our distinguishing ‘opinion’ from ‘belief’ in some such terms as these. Opinion that S is P is a state involving the judgment that it is in some degree probable that S is P. Belief that S is P is a state involving the judgment that S is certainly or almost certainly P. The case of Knowledge is trickier. We cannot define it, as we can define opinion and belief, without a reference, implicit if not explicit, to the truth-value of its ‘content’; and even its psychological character is debatable. Perhaps the following might serve. Knowledge that S is P is a state involving the judgment that S is certainly P, where the evidence upon which the judgment is based is such as to justify logically the assertion of certainty.
But the precise terms in which the distinctions are made is unimportant. The point of substance is that there is no difficulty about making the distinctions compatibly with the doctrine that all cognition involves judgment. Price's charge that the idealist logician must implicitly deny the platitude he quotes is based on the premise that for the idealist logician ‘believing’ cannot be distinguished from ‘knowing’, since each is identical with ‘judging’. With the collapse of that premise no case remains for the accused to answer.
6. I pass on to an objection that is really one of nomenclature. A good many philosophers who are not ill-disposed to the view that there is something at least closely resembling what the idealist calls ‘judgment’ present in all cognition, nevertheless dislike the use of the term ‘judgment’ to refer to it. Admitting the thing—more or less—they are unhappy about the name. The complaint is lodged, I think, on two main counts.
(a) It is urged that the meaning idealists give to ‘judgment’ flouts traditional usage. According to Cook Wilson, ‘judgment’ as it is used in ordinary speech implies a decision, taken normally after doubt and deliberation.5 Now it is as evident on the idealist account of cognition as on any other that very many cognitions cannot properly be so described. To use the term ‘judgment’, therefore, to signify something alleged to be common to all cognitions, involves a sharp conflict with traditional usage, and ought to be condemned as conducing to needless misunderstanding.
(b) It is complained that ‘judgment’ has the further inconvenience of ambiguity. It can mean either the act of judging or the content judged. Used indiscriminately for both, it breeds much avoidable confusion.
I cannot feel that there is really much substance in either of these objections. As regards the first, it has frequently in the history of thought been found expedient to pre-empt some term of common speech for a specialised technical usage. This is the alternative to inventing a completely new term in these situations where no term of common speech in its ordinary usage will satisfactorily fill the required role. If this specialised usage is announced at the outset, it should occasion no difficulty to the specialist reader for whom it is intended. The likelihood of the philosophical specialist being misled by a certain degree of divergence between the traditional use of the term ‘judgment’ in ordinary speech and its technical idealist usage seems remarkably slight. Idealist logicians commonly take the greatest care to explain how they propose to use the term. And after all, idealist logic was for so long predominant in the philosophical life of this country-roughly for forty years after the publication of Bradley's Principles of Logic in 1883–that it might fairly be argued that it has itself created for philosophers a ‘traditional’ usage.
As to (b), the ambiguity alleged seems to me to be greatly exaggerated. There is something of a fashion among philosophers today of finding ambiguities in terms and expressions which, if read in their context as they are meant to be, ought to mislead nobody. (Incidentally, sentences that contain the word ‘nobody’ are a very good example.) It would surprise me to learn that any serious student of idealist logic has in practice been embarrassed by the ability of the term ‘judgment’ to mean either the judging or what is judged. My own experience has been that the context almost always makes it perfectly clear which of the two is meant; or whether, perhaps, as sometimes happens, it is the two sides as integrated in the unity of the concrete judgment to which the author is directing attention.
In some respects, moreover, it is a positive advantage in the term ‘judgment’ that it covers both the judging and the content judged. Normally, it is the side of ‘content’ in which the epistemo-logist is most interested. It is important, however, that he should not lose sight of the fact that ‘content’ is, after all, an abstraction, never to be found in and by itself. It is extremely easy to forget this if we do our epistemological thinking in terms of ‘propositions’; almost impossible to forget it if we do it in terms of ‘judgments’. Not so long ago a prodigious amount of philosophic ink was spilled over the pseudo-problem ‘What kind of entities are “propositions?”’—as if propositions were anything in their own right, and not essentially relative to a mind that thinks them. Unhappily the remedy adopted by many philosophers, of going forward from propositions to ‘sentences’, instead of back to ‘judgments’, replaced a term which was apt to mislead in one way by a term that could hardly fail to mislead in another way.
7. Finally, I want to refer at somewhat greater length to a recent criticism which comes ‘nearer the bone’, in as much as it impugns directly our view that the mental assertion characteristic of judgment is present in all cognition.
The author of this criticism, Professor G. E. Hughes, rightly points out that, in the last resort, the presence or absence of mental assertion is a matter to be settled by introspection, and that, as he puts it, ‘if on introspection I cannot detect it in a particular case I do not think anyone has the right to tell me that it was there after all in spite of the fact that I couldn't detect it’. He then proceeds to tell us what happens in his own introspecting.
‘And when I try to introspect it seems to me that the answer is that in some cases I do detect such “mental assertions” but that in others I detect neither them nor any sub-vocal muttering of words; e.g. I think there is often a time-lag between seeing a shape in the darkness and the first tentative “perhaps it's a dog” or even “it's something on the other side of the road” (or their wordless analogues).’6
But the answer to this seems not very difficult. Certainly there often occurs a time-lag of the sort Hughes indicates. But this time-lag has point for Hughes’ argument only if he is assuming that the earlier cognition—what he calls ‘seeing a shape in the darkness’—does not itself contain the element of mental assertion. Hughes evidently thinks this is obvious. In point of fact it begs the very question at issue. For the idealist logician, the time-lag in the case cited is between two cognitions each of which involves the mental assertion of judgment. What difference is there, he would ask, between the cognition (if it really is a cognition) called ‘seeing a shape in the darkness’ and the mental assertion ‘There is a shape in the darkness’? Seeing a shape in the darkness (like seeing the patch of green in the example I gave earlier of the transition from non-cognition to cognition) is every bit as much a judgment as the cognition expressed in the words ‘Perhaps it's a dog’. The latter cognition, according to the idealist analysis, is just a further characterisation of that objective reality which has already been characterised in a more rudimentary way in the cognition of ‘a shape in the darkness’. What Hughes ought to be trying to show, if his criticism is to be truly on the target, is that we can have an experience of a shape in the darkness which is genuinely cognitive and which yet does not involve mental assertion of a shape in the darkness, I have argued earlier that this is not possible. Either the shape in the darkness is nothing at all for cognition, or it is mentally asserted (or accepted) as characterising objective reality; i.e. either there is no cognition, or judgment is present.
Professor Hughes, who is, I am sure, sincerely anxious to be fair to idealism, goes on a little later in his article to suggest that there is both an important truth and an important mistake contained in the idealist argument that ‘there cannot be perception without at least mental assertion of judgment’:
‘The truth it contains is this: that if we find we cannot answer any questions about a certain object, which we have reason to believe was in our presence recently, if we cannot even think of it in a context, then we do say “I couldn't have seen it” or (shifting the sense of “see”) “I may have seen it but I wasn't aware of it”.… But the mistake is this: what I have spoken of as involved in all perceiving (or all experiences properly described as “perceiving something”) is an ability to say and/or do certain things. Now “ability” is a disposition word, and it is a mistake to conclude that because my seeing or hearing something gives rise to the ability to do or say certain things, this saying or doing or something like them was present at the time of the seeing, hearing, etc. This is, I think, a case of the failure to make that distinction between disposition-words and occur rent-words which it has been one of the most valuable achievements of recent philosophical work to clarify. And if we then ask the question “Is it possible for an experience which does not contain even a “mental assertion” to be a part-cause of our coming to make assertions, mental or verbal?” then the answer seems to me to be that there is no reason on earth why this should not happen.’7
Now I am not at all satisfied that it is a mistake to hold that my ability to say, e.g. ‘That was a dog I saw’ presupposes my mentally asserting ‘That is a dog’ at the moment of seeing. But it hardly seems worth while to dispute the matter, since the ‘mistake’ is not one which the idealist requires to make in order to establish his thesis; nor, so far as I am aware, is it a ‘mistake’ upon which any leading idealist writer has ever in fact based his view that perception involves the mental assertion of judgment. The idealist comes by his view not through inference from some external test of whether a given cognition has occurred (such as the ability to say or do certain things), but through the introspective study of actual cognition, and the answers which this yields when the appropriate questions are put. What was (I hope) a plain statement of the idealist argument along these lines was in fact offered in the article of mine8 which was the occasion of Hughes's critical observations upon idealist epistemology. I venture to commend to his notice, in particular, pages 295–6, where (as in the present chapter) it is maintained that, while in the case of perception ‘mental acceptance’ is often a more fitting expression than ‘mental assertion’, the ‘acceptance’ of A as B is simply an inexplicit ‘assertion’ that A is B. I confess I am rather at a loss to understand why Professor Hughes should ignore this passage and prefer to father upon idealists an argument of his own devising.
I could wish also that Hughes had made more precise his charge of a failure by idealist epistemologists to make ‘that distinction between disposition-words and occurrent-words which it has been one of the most valuable achievements of recent philosophical work to clarify’. Does he imagine that the idealist supposes ‘ability’ to be an occurrent-word? If the idealist did suppose that, he would suppose that one's ability to assert ‘That was a dog I saw’ entails that one is now asserting ‘That was a dog I saw’. But even Professor Hughes has not, at any rate in the argument of his quoted above, accused the long-suffering idealist of this enormity. He has accused the idealists only of inferring, from the ability to assert, ‘That was a dog I saw’, that the assertion ‘That is a dog’ was present at the moment of seeing. It is possible that such an inference is, as Professor Hughes thinks, mistaken. But the mistake, if mistake it be, seems to me to be totally unconnected with a failure to distinguish between disposition-words and occurrent-words. Professor Hughes may well be right in his claim that the elucidation of the distinction between these two types of word is an achievement of very great philosophical value; I think he must look elsewhere, however, if he is to illustrate the justice of his claim.
8. The discussion of these typical criticisms will, I hope, have done something to clarify, as well as to justify, our contention that all cognition involves judgment. We have now to try to penetrate a little more deeply into cognition's essential character by analysing the judgment-form itself. I want to bring out, from the epistemological point of view, the nature of the subject, of the predicate, and of the relation between them. And since again I have nothing to offer in the way of positive doctrine substantially different—in intention at least—from orthodox idealist teaching, I shall make my exegesis as brief as possible.
To begin with the subject of judgment. I earlier argued that cognition involves asserting something as characterising objective reality, and I pointed out that we have our subject of judgment in the reality which is being characterised. Looking at the matter now from the standpoint of the judgment-form, there are two simple ways in which it can be shown that the ultimate subject of judgment (from which we shall later have occasion to distinguish the immediate subject) is always ‘Reality’.
1. The judgment, by its very form, claims to be true. Its inherent claim to truth is manifest from the consideration that if we make and utter a judgment—say, ‘Glasgow is the oldest Scottish University’—and someone rejoins ‘That's not true; St. Andrews is older’, we at once recognise this rejoinder as the denial of a claim implicit in our judgment. But if the judgment does thus claim truth, what is there for it to be true of except Reality? Does not ‘truth’ imply ‘reality’ as its correlate? The claim of the judgment to be ‘true’ seems to make sense only if the judging mind distinguishes between the ideal content it is affirming on the one hand, and, on the other hand, an independent reality which it aims at characterising correctly by this ideal content. The essence of the truth-claim is that the ideal content correctly characterises, i.e. is true of, the independent reality. In short (however it may be proper to specify the immediate subject) the ultimate subject of judgment is always ‘reality’.
2. The same result ensues from the consideration that there is no judgment ‘S is P’ which cannot be re-cast without change of meaning in the form ‘Reality is such that S is P’. If that is the case (and surely it is the case?), how is it possible to deny that the ultimate subject about which we are asserting in the judgment is always Reality?
This doctrine about the ultimate subject of judgment has often been challenged, but always, in my opinion, through some misunderstanding of its essentially simple purport. Since it has, despite its simplicity, highly important philosophical implications (as I shall try to demonstrate in the next lecture), it will be expedient to pause here for a brief space in order to notice the kind of objection that is taken to it. Perhaps the article by Professor Hughes already referred to, which finds difficulties in this aspect of the judgment-theory also, may be accepted as sufficiently representative of modern criticism. Professor Hughes has very hard words indeed for the idealist formula ‘Reality is such that…’. It will be instructive to consider what he thinks is wrong with it.
Hughes begins his complaint against it by urging that the word ‘Reality’ is used in the formula ‘so all-embracingly’ as to empty the assertions made in terms of the formula ‘of all content whatsoever’: and he ends it by expressly denying that the formula has any meaning. This, he thinks, can be shown from the very use the idealist makes of it:
‘The idealist is anxious to point out that “any judgment ‘S is P’ whatsoever can be cast, without change of meaning, into the form ‘Reality is such that S is P,’” but this… seems to me the clearest way of showing that “Reality is such that…” means nothing at all.’9
Now when Hughes speaks of the formula as using the term ‘Reality’ so all-embracingly as to empty the assertions of all content whatsoever, I presume he must be meaning that ‘Reality is such that S is P’ adds nothing in the way of content to mere ‘S is P’ At any rate he can hardly mean anything so unplausible as that when one asserts that Reality is such that the leaves are brown one is asserting just nothing at all. But if all that Hughes means is that assertion in terms of the formula adds no fresh content, I see no reason why any idealist should wish to dissent. On the contrary, the idealist himself virtually says as much in declaring that assertions with and without the formula are mutually interchangeable so far as meaning is concerned. But from this fact that the formula adds no fresh content it does not follow, as Hughes apparently supposes, that the formula ‘means nothing at all’. For the point of the formula is not to add fresh content. Its whole point is to make explicit what the content of the judgment is asserted of(i.e. ‘Reality’). In our ordinary verbal expression of judgments this aspect does not appear. We say just ‘The leaves are brown’. But that the aspect is nevertheless implicit in the judgment is clearly indicated by the fact that, once it is put to us, we recognise that when we substitute ‘Reality is such that the leaves are brown’ for plain ‘The leaves are brown’ we are not making a different judgment but merely re-stating the old one.
Professor Hughes’ comments are somewhat tightly compressed, and I am not altogether sure whether he wants to deny not merely that the formula ‘Reality is such that…’ has meaning, but also that the word ‘Reality’ itself, when used thus all-embracingly, without specific determination, has meaning. On the whole the impression is left on me that the latter, no less than the former, is intended to fall under his axe. There is even some suggestion that the meaninglessness of the former is for him a consequence of the meaninglessness of the latter. It is desirable, therefore, that I should repeat here what I said earlier in this lecture; that what I at any rate mean by the word ‘Reality’ when used in this indeterminate way is ‘that which in all cognition we are knowing or seeking to know’. If Hughes finds that these words convey nothing to his mind, I fear I can help him no further. I confess that the recent fashion among philosophers (now perhaps on the wane) of deriding all talk about ‘Reality in general’, or ‘Reality with a capital R’, is to me most perplexing; for it seems to myself quite clear that we cannot get rid of ‘Reality in general’ in our thought, whatever we may do in our talk. And indeed even our talk constantly implies it. It is nor usually considered a grave philosophic misdemeanour to talk of X as ‘a specific determination of the real’. But it makes no sense that I can see for the critic to tell us ‘We know what you mean all right when you speak of X as a specific determination of the real, but we have no idea what you can be after when you speak of a ‘Reality’ of which X is a specific determination!’10
9. I cannot find in Professor Hughes's difficulties, then—or elsewhere—any good reason to resile from the position that it is about Reality that we are asserting in all judgment. And it is, of course, a matter of complete indifference what kind of judgment it happens to be—attributive, relational, or any other kind.11 If the arguments we have been advancing are sound, then the ultimate subject of judgment, whatever the judgment be, is ‘Reality’.
Now given that this is the case, it follows that there is a legitimate sense in which the predicate of judgment, that which is asserted of the subject, can be described as the whole complex of terms-in-relation which constitute the ideal content of the judgment—including what we ordinarily distinguish within that content as the logical ‘subject’. But what then happens, it may reasonably be asked, to this ‘ordinarily’ recognised distinction of logical subject from logical predicate?—e.g. the distinction of ‘the leaves’ as subject from ‘brownness’ as predicate in the judgment ‘the leaves are brown’? It is surely an important distinction, which must be accorded some significance in any acceptable analysis of the judgment? Even if there is a legitimate sense in which the whole ideal content of the judgment falls on the side of the predicate, must we not admit another legitimate sense in which we can distinguish subject from predicate within the ideal content?
The point is a valid one; and its validity is recognised and allowed for by the idealist logic. As Bosanquet has put it, there is in the typical judgment ‘a starting-point or point of contact with the ultimate subject’ (i.e. Reality). Our interest in judging is normally focused upon some aspect of Reality which has already been partially characterised through past judgments, and which it is the business of the present judgment to characterise further. These past characterisations are accepted by the judging mind, provisionally at least, as correctly characterising Reality so far, and can therefore serve as bases for the progressive building of the fabric of knowledge. Now what is ordinarily distinguished as the ‘subject’ of the judgment is the partially characterised aspect of reality upon which our cognitive attention is focused; and what is ordinarily distinguished as the ‘predicate’ is the further characterisation which in the judgment we ascribe to it. It is convenient to have a name for this ‘immediate’ subject to mark it off from the ultimate subject, and the term ‘immediate subject’ will do as well as any. To illustrate. In the judgment ‘This tree is a poplar’, Reality is the ultimate subject, and the predicate is the whole ideal content ‘the poplarity of this tree’. The immediate subject is the aspect of Reality already partially characterised to our satisfaction by what we mean by the words ‘this tree’; and the corresponding predicate, by which in the judgment we now further characterise it, is what we mean by the words ‘poplarity’, or ‘being a poplar’.
Judgment, then, and indeed knowledge generally, may be regarded as the characterisation of reality by the progressive articulation of the nature of specific or immediate subjects, which are already accepted as real by the judging mind in their nature as so far articulated. The situation has been happily and succinctly described by Joachim: ‘In every judgment, when the logician reflects upon it, he must clearly distinguish (a) a certain extent and level of knowledge which it develops or expands—what Bosanquet somewhere calls the “growing-point” of knowledge; and (b) the “outgrowth”—i.e. the expansion or development effected in, and by, the judgment in question.’12
10. This very summary exegesis of the judgment-form is all that our limits of time will permit. But it provides a sufficient basis, I think, for me to explain in my next lecture just why I regard the judgment-theory of cognition to be of such palmary importance for philosophy, and just why I have ventured to describe the current neglect of it as a ‘disaster’. If the judgment-theory should be valid (and I can hardly emphasise enough that, with rare exceptions, contemporary philosophers have not examined and rejected it, but simply ignored it), then it can be shown, I believe, that many of the problems that have been at, or near, the centre of philosophic controversy in the twentieth century are mere pseudo-problems. To make good these admittedly bold words will be the main task of the next lecture. | <urn:uuid:993b99db-c87c-402c-ba18-d6cf727bd620> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/selfhood-and-godhood/lecture-iii-essence-cognition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97082 | 10,613 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Grapevine has it that the paper boy could soon be out of business with the emergence of stories blogs on the internet. I assume that I am additionally dwelling a virtual life, and what’s essentially the most interesting of all, all of my mates online, are additionally my mates in actual life. There is no such thing as a query that easy accessibility to the Web, just like the introduction of mail service and the invention of the telephone, has modified the nature of individuals’s connection to others in their social world.
The typical particular person does not get their face splashed all around the media anytime they buy a gallon of milk, a field of condoms or get a rushing ticket- is it right to power that upon celebrities just because they’re famous and name it “news?” That’s the largest part of the issue with entertainment news as we speak, things that aren’t actually newsworthy are being reported and discussed as if they have been.
The Internet permits folks to extra simply work from their home, to kind and maintain friendships and even romantic attachments from their house, to bank from their dwelling, to vote and interact in political and social situation based mostly discussions with others (from residence). #1. To Get Latest Updates and Information – majority of newspaper readers wish to know the newest happenings around them and newspaper is the easiest medium to get up to date.
Mail made potential connections amongst folks with out bodily proximity, and the phone facilitated communication among distant folks, making rapid connections potential throughout lengthy distances. It’s simple: If we perceive the qualities of face-to-face communication that influence the impact of such communication on people and their social interplay, we might be capable of predict the probable influence of any new communication know-how. | <urn:uuid:3389670d-fd22-4b53-87f0-7c1ea8d19ad4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sewerhistory.net/at-the-moments-newspaper.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94855 | 484 | 1.710938 | 2 |
I have been taught that the an engine running on the Carnot's cycle has the maximum energy among the maximum efficiency, however I never found a convincing proof for it. Wherever I have put this question up, everyone just said pit it up against any engine and it will come out with a higher efficiency.
I would like to know if there is any way to prove mathematically that the Carnot's cycle has the maximum efficiency among any cycle?
Also, I have the belief that the second law of thermodynamics is a consequence of the fact that the Carnot's cycle has the maximum efficiency among any cycle. Because the Carnot's cycle has come before the second law of thermodynamics, I suppose that the former points to the latter. Is it actually true that the second law of thermodynamics comes from Carnot's theorem, and is it possible to prove that a Carnot's cycle would have the maximum efficiency for a particular amount of heat given in? | <urn:uuid:21f4ee88-3084-4427-9d61-86ce9cdd4448> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/515833/efficiency-of-heat-engines/515854 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.972753 | 195 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Microalgae initially gained attention for their ability to accumulate lipids that can be used for biodiesel production. However, with decades of research to improve the yields and with several failures of algal-biofuel
start-ups it became clear that this route was not economically viable at the time.
However, microalgae is a store of a variety of bioactive molecules such as pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, and vitamins.
These bioactives are high value molecules and can be used for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications which makes algae economically attractive.
Microalgae can also be used to treat waste water streams under mixotrophic cultivation and have recently gained great attention as bioremediation microbes, because of their potential to reduce potential
while producing biomass that can be used to produce various chemicals. Algae are also being researched for gaseous fermentations to produce high value chemicals and also for upgradation of biogas. | <urn:uuid:05689621-947c-45e3-b669-fbdd210cf110> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.celignis.com/algal-fermentation.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968137 | 207 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Renewing industrial processes
key players in the fourth industrial revolution.
An industrial revolution means abandoning certainty and changing things
The times in which we are living have seen Digital Transformation and technological innovation changing the habits of mankind, his social relations, and the way he works, remodeling the organizational, cultural, and economic scenarios.
These epoch making great changes are often defined as the fourth industrial revolution since digitalization in the service of mankind and in particular production processes has taken on a fundamental role in creating new business models, placing companies face-to-face with the decision to leave their comfort zone in order to adapt to the new needs of the market.
Underpinning the course leading to Industry 4.0 is the development of a digital model interconnecting subjects, machines, and devices, generating new value, improving resource management, reducing both costs and waste resulting from human error.
Moreover, behind the expression Industry 4.0 are various aspects not only encompassing the adoption of new technology but also the evolution of the company’s strategic vision. For example, upgrading resources to offer greater readiness in an increasingly changing market.
While the company mission remains the same, in order to keep up-to-date with the digital transformation, companies and industrial enterprises are finding their security threatened and are in the process of making their internal processes, initiatives, and working methods more dynamic and flexible.
New synergy to achieve aims
The transition to Industry 4.0 has been helped by the introduction of new enabling technologies in the world of manufacturing able to facilitate and make production, logistical, and maintenance processes more efficient. Thanks to IIoT devices, Augmented Reality and systems that are integrated with machines being adopted, it has been possible to create a new synergy between operators, instruments, and surrounding environments.
In addition to optimizing phases of work by reducing human error, solutions using automated management of industrial processes favor systems that are more energy efficient, less wasteful of energy, and so improving sustainability and enhancing the green economy. Another fundamental element of this new era is Big Data, that is, the enormous mass of data and information that information technology infrastructure make available to mankind, whose analysis creates a new approach to the market and new approaches inside companies.
The data itself provides an opportunity for predictive analysis guaranteeing an informative database useful in improving products and services, providing full support to the decision process. In fact, Industry 4.0 cannot exist without Big Data Management, Business Intelligence, and Analytics which are increasingly personalized and programmed for companies bespoke.
The PNRR for digitalization, innovation, and internationalization of the industrial system
The recent vicissitudes due to the Covid-19 Pandemic have impacted Italian industry strongly, completely changing the way work is perceived.
In supporting the restart of the entire manufacturing sector, the PNRR (Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan) has in fact made provision for significant resources for operations strengthening the competitiveness of the production system by increasing the level of digitalization, technological innovation, and internationalization through a series of complementary procedures.
Consequently, in the evolution of the industrial sector, it will be fundamental to plan investment in machinery, plant, and equipment to produce state-of-the-art technology but also encourage research, development, and innovation in environmental sustainability in line with the European Green Deal initiative.
Solutions for revolutionizing production, logistics, and maintenance of Italian companies
Netgroup is prepared to support SMEs to encourage the diffusion of Made in Italy abroad as well as strengthen strategy and innovation in production of all types through specific lines of investment thanks to solutions that see some of the most innovative technologies being used: IoT devices, wearables, augmented reality, advanced materials, autonomous robotics, and digital simulation.
Netgroup has developed various industrial automation platforms and solutions over the years as well as for logistic processes, and for the maintenance of plant and machines by predictive logic based on the analysis of data collected in the field by IIoT devices.
Scopri i progetti che abbiamo realizzato e la nostra vision sul futuro prossimo
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The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post. | <urn:uuid:da0d8fdd-43e4-461e-baf9-8d62fa7b2c6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.netgroup.it/en/industria-4-0/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926415 | 867 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Looking for indoor or outdoor potted plant tips? Since spring is right around the corner, you may be looking for a way to breathe new life into your living space. Spring cleaning helps.
Your property might even feel new again for the upcoming season if you give the walls a fresh coat of paint. But, consider adding some plants to your space to give your home a pop of life.
Table of Contents
Potted Plant Tips
For a potted plant to start off successfully, a variety of conditions must be met. These recommendations apply to potted plants both inside and outside:
1. Choose the right pot for the plant.
When choosing a stylish pot for your plant, it is simple to become confused. If you have a specific plant in mind, it doesn’t hurt to coordinate the pot with the plant.
Size is important to the plant but shape, color and design are all up to you. For size, you want a pot that is two-inches larger on all sides than the plastic tray it is sold in.
Any larger and you risk the soil absorbing too much water and rotting your plant’s roots. Then you will likely want a draining pot, one that has holes on the bottom. This helps watering become more foolproof since it lets excess roll right through the bottom.
2. Choose the right tray for the pot.
What might be considered an afterthought, the tray that sits below the pot is actually an important decision. If you’re getting an indoor plant, be sure to stay away from terracotta trays. This type of tray is for outdoors only since it sweats, which can easily damage your floors.
You can use a clear plastic liner if terracotta is a must with your interior design aesthetic, but you have many options available that work with indoor plants.
Plastic trays come in all shapes and colors. These are optimal for indoor use since they won’t mark the floor and won’t sweat when collecting water.
3. Choose the right plant.
You may have your eyes set on a specific plant, but then find out that your desired location in your home won’t provide enough sunlight.
No amount of superhuman gardening skills will keep that plant alive if it isn’t receiving the sunlight it needs to thrive. It’s best not to fight nature and focus on plants that will enjoy the location you choose.
Also remember that the inverse is true as well, not all plants can handle direct sunlight. This is true for both indoor and outdoor plants.
It is best to research your plant, or just ask the gardener at the hardware store. These professionals know everything about the plants they sell and are encyclopedias just waiting for someone to ask.
RELATED: What to Plant in Autumn and Winter
Two schools of thought for indoor success: Easiest / Air-Cleaning
- Easiest – Some indoor plants are fool-proof. Desert plants that use cactus-soil mix can often live in any room of the house with any amount of sunlight. Watering is often bi-weekly at best. Just make sure that you have a draining pot and your plant should survive year after year with minimal maintenance.
- Air-Cleaning – Perfect for the bedroom, plants that boast excellent air-purifying abilities. Some plants do far more than create oxygen. Some, like the snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata) are able to absorb airborne toxins like nitrogen oxide and formaldehyde. This makes the snake plant perfect for the bedroom.
Potted plants can be a lovely addition to any home. If you pay attention to the needs of the plant, you can find the right one for any room in the house or any space outside.
With proper care and attention, your plant will live for years to come. And if you see any cause for concern with your plant, seek out your local hardware store’s garden section.
The gardeners your hardware store keeps on staff should be able to help you with any questions you may have. | <urn:uuid:476aca2d-1a18-416c-80b3-10ff4e11bdd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestofthebackyard.com/how-to-pick-the-right-indoor-or-outdoor-potted-plant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.924462 | 843 | 1.96875 | 2 |
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Even those that cannot actually draw or sing, at the very least, there is a great level of appreciation for art. You can easily flip it into the tablet mode for drawing purposes or in the tent mode for watching movies. TECHNOBEZZ COPYRIGHT © 2020. For designers and drawing enthusiasts, they allow you to get more out of them by using a stylus. It has a RAM of 12 GB DDR4 2400 and 256 GB storage PCle SSD. All things considered, this laptop is a winner, especially because of its attractive price tag of under $1000. The dimensions of this hybrid laptop are 12.2 x 86 x 0.6 inches and it weighs 2.93 pounds. Created with Sketch. Furnish and Decorate Furnish your floor plan with materials, furniture, and fixtures from our … The 15.4 inches Retina Display screen boasts of a resolution of 2880 x 1800 pixels. We found a good article that explains all of those stuffs in more details. Shape integration. Description Draw Free! There are many companies…, If you are an engineering student, you may have felt the need to get the best laptop to…, When selecting laptops for seniors, it is to be noted that most of them want a laptop that…. They also double up as a great entertainment device. Your problem: you're not able to draw a straight line/perfect circle. The smaller drawing tablets … is your app for drawing with your fingers and entertaining the kids anywhere. Designers and artists looking for a laptop with powerful specifications, attractive looks in a slim frame. It is powered by the Intel Core i7 6 core chipset clocking at a speed of 2.2 GHz. It operates on the Windows 10 OS. ), retouch tools, layers, etc. The dimensions are 9.7 x 6.9 x 0.3 inches, it weighs 2.85 pounds and it has a 10 inches screen with a resolution of 1800 x 1200 pixels. Use it on any device with an internet connection. Create vector artwork with image and drawing layers you can send to Adobe Illustrator or to Photoshop. Random Access Memory: It comes with a variety of RAM options. The Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Yoga comes with a rechargeable stylus. Simply draw your signature on the screen in our signature maker box below. With a maximum page size of 300cm by 300cm, Draw is powerful tool for technical or general posters, etc. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. GPU: The basic version of Microsoft Surface Book does not have discrete GPU. The laptop should also be powerful enough so that your drawing software can run smoothly on it. 1 x 9.2 x 1.5 inches and it weighs 1.7 pounds. Snapstouch provides online tool to convert photo to sketch, photo to pencil sketch, photo to painting, photo to drawing, photo to outline . It is a significant upgrade to the Surface Pro 3, especially for drawing and designing. That should be irrelevant to you as an artist unless you are looking for the best laptop for artists and gamers on a single platform. At Autodesk, we believe creativity starts with an idea. Along with its touch screen functionality, this laptop comes with 8GB RAM to help you run multiple art programs at the same time without any problem. It is a 2 in 1 design that you can switch from laptop to stand, tent or tablet mode with the 360 degrees flexible hinge. amzn_assoc_region = "US"; This is a multi-faceted laptop that you can use as a notebook, a tablet or in the tent mode. With this … will delight your kids... and you may find yourself doodling too! The reason is pretty simple. Excellent as an electronic whiteboard. There are other versions with Intel® i5 and Intel® i7. Open in full-screen mode You can also draw graphs of functions. The dimensions of the Microsoft Surface Pro 4 are 15. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; If your answer is yes, then we are happy to review some of the best drawing laptops that artists can use to draw on. This is combined with the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 GPU. It also comes with a built-in stand, which enables setting up at different angles, for instance, setting in the lowest position while drawing. The Surface Go has a memory of RAM 4 GB and internal storage of 64 GB. You can use it for notetaking or for sketching. It runs on the Windows 10 Pro OS. It offers great accuracy and sensitivity. It is powered by an Intel 8th Gen Core i7 processor offering fast and efficient performance. This is combined with an integrated Intel Graphics card and has a RAM of 8 GB LPDDR3 and storage of up to 256 GB SSD. The keyboard dock will cost more or less $100. Those who are satisfied with a laptop with low-end specifications, but capable of handling Photoshop and Sketchable. The drawing area of the screen is similar to the size of an A5 notebook. • TWRA will conduct a computerized drawing for all sandhill crane tags and will not conduct the traditional in-person drawing for Southeast Crane Zone tags • Apply at GoOutdoorsTN.com from Sept. 2-23, 2020. To get started, on the Draw menu, tap Draw … In all of these tools, you can choose the size on the slider below the icons and you can change the colour by firstly selecting the desired colour from the colour palette and then choosing the tool for writing. Just fold the notebook on the underside and use the pen stylus in the Tablet Mode of the notebook. It is compatible with the Surface Pen, though this is not included in the package. Well, the good news is that there are many such laptops that are suitable for drawing. It is our sincere hope that you will find this article extremely helpful to find the best drawing laptop for artists like you! The dimensions of the Microsoft Surface Book 2 are 13.5 x 9.9 x 0.9 inches and it weighs 4.2 pounds. Publish to Behance. With a pen display you create directly on screen with a precise pen. Drag and drop ready-made symbols to customize your space: furniture, kitchen, bathroom and lighting fixtures, … Color accuracy is perfectly suitable for graphic designing work and photo editing. The specifications are rather lower end type and it is not very powerful, so complex activities might take some time though common drawing apps run flawlessly. A pen or stylus is included in the x360 and you can use this for drawing and inking purposes. This top laptop for artists comes with a powerful Intel i7 processor that can clock in at 3.1 GHZ when turbo boost is activated. So let’s check out some of these laptops that are ideal for drawing and graphic artists. Create digital artwork to share online and export to popular image formats JPEG, PNG, SVG, and PDF. Whether you are an expert or a novice, I believe you will gradually fall in love with this fun game. The pen is sensitive, accurate and superlight with a fine tip for precision. }); //]]>. Draw a line or shape. It is powered by the 8th gen Intel i7 processor, which is combined with a RAM of 16 GB and an AMD Radeon 540 Integrated Intel UHD graphics 620 card. SmoothDraw is an easy natural painting and digital free-hand drawing software that can produce high quality pictures. It is also very efficient for artists to work with the Surface Pen on the PixelSense display screen of the Microsoft Surface Pro 4. This HP laptop is well received among the artists. As for color, the display covers around 99% of sRGB color space along with 98% Adobe 1998, which is very essential for photographers and cinematographers. Step 1. Besides, it also allows you to convert the product into a tablet for consuming content such as videos, movies and music. Also for those who want to use their 2 in 1 for professional video editing work. Tux Paint is used in schools around the world as a computer literacy drawing activity. You should get the Surface Book with discrete GPU if you need laptop for both artists and gamers. The Samsung Notebook also delivers powerful cinematic type sound with the dual 5W speakers tuned with AKG amps, very effective while watching movies and shows. Those who want a powerful notebook for digital painting, drawing and sketching, Those who are looking for a powerful yet affordable and art or drawing-friendly convertible, Those who wish to buy a convertible with the S Pen included, Those who want a 2-in-1 laptop for Photoshop, lighting games and for general productivity purposes, Those who want a laptop for watching movies and shows and other entertainment purposes. All the best Sketch Laptop 38+ collected on this page. It has a 12.3 inches PixelSense screen with high contrast and little glare so that artists and designers can work through the day without much strain. Advertisement. Discover images, stickers, gifs, templates, apply filters & do touch ups. The S Pen brings with it the smoothest of Wacom EMR pen user experiences. Additionally, you can also stow away the stylus in a small attachment for easy transportation. See computer drawing stock video clips. This is a simple step-by-step guideline to help you draw a basic floor plan using SmartDraw. Draw Free! Acer laptops in general are well built, fairly priced and are high performing. Those who want a powerful laptop for creating visual content, It is recommended for digital artists and photographers and for video editors, Artists who are looking for a lightweight, relatively cheap notebook option for drawing and graphic designing, Those who want a good option for drawing as well as gaming and other features, within a tight budget. This is combined with an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 dedicated graphics coprocessor. Superb for videographers who need to work on locations. With many different colors to choose from, children will be making customized pieces of art in no time! You define the pens, pencils, and highlighters you need, and they are then available in OneNote, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. The surface pro 4 and adobe illustrator will work seamlessly together! The maximum screen resolution is 2736 x 1824 pixels and it has a screen size of 12.3 inches. We can always use help from more people. It is a substantial and rather big notebook made of solid magnesium alloy. There goes our list of top 10 best laptops for artists that you can use to draw on. Artists can use the touchscreen feature for their work. As for dimensions, it is 9.27 x 14.06 x 0.66 inches and it weighs 4.41 pounds. With a drawing tablet, you sketch or draw on a responsive pad, and see your creations appear on screen. The storage is 256 GB. It can be used in tablet mode as well, by detaching the screen from the keyboard. The display is big and beautiful and useful for artists and drawing. Microsoft allows you to configure your Surface Pro 4 according to your hardware requirements. As for the battery, the specified time is around 10 hours. It is also easy to draw with consistent pressure. It also comes with a stylus included for writing and drawing professionals. Related Article: Best Laptops for Browsing. In addition, there is a microSD card reader slot. A 16 year old which will be a college student soon enough and hopefully a good one too! Start with a basic floor plan template. The Sketch pad features a new virtual ruler that makes drawing straight lines super easy on a touch screen. Sandhill Crane Tags Drawing • Drawings usually result in large crowds of hunters. It is extremely suitable for artists, sketching and drawing purposes as well as watching movies. This laptop, however, does not come with a stylus. - Recommend a tablet/stylus for drawing External Reviews - thePhotoFinishes . This is one of the best devices for drawing purposes, especially for Apple lovers. The processor is powerful enough to allow graphics designers to work efficiently and smoothly even on the most demanding 3D modeling apps and video encoding. It has the best display among laptops and offers accuracy for video color grade and production of prints. It is has been built for Windows Ink. keeping needs of an artist in mind, Lenovo came up with this nice looking Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Yoga laptop which is one of the best drawing laptops out there. Click and drag to draw, then release the mouse button to cement the shape. The 4K resolution also offers a fantastic display for your work. The brightness is 350n nits and the color gamut is 106% sRGB and 77% Adobe RGB. Create digital artwork to share online and export to popular image formats JPEG, PNG, SVG, and PDF. This laptop comes with many advanced features and yet is cheaper than the other laptops with similar configurations. Many professionals choose this laptop over MacBook Pro. Drawboard Projects (formerly Bullclip) Mark up, discuss and track design issues on every … XP-Pen StarG640 6x4 Inch Ultrathin Tablet Drawing Tablet Digital Graphics Tablet with Battery-Free S… is your app for drawing with your fingers and entertaining the kids anywhere. Although the higher end models cost a lot, you can get basic versions for a cheaper price. There are many online photo sketching software available. First and foremost, artists are better off if they have touch Screen enabled laptops right off the bat. These include digital pens that offer great sensitivity and precision that is needed for drawing. Begin with a blank sheet or one of SmartDraw's professionally-drawn floor plan templates. There is also a magnet that can hold the Dell active Pen. It comes with a microSD card slot, so you can expand the storage. The dimensions are 19.1 x 13.2 x 3.5 inches and it weighs 7.3 pounds. Those who want one of the best Windows laptops for drawing purposes. I've been teaching my self photoshop and digital art recently because I loved drawing and dood… More About PVT skittles » Welcome to my entry on the graphic design contest! The RAM is 32 GB, 2133 MHz, DDR4, and it has an NVIDIA Quadro M1000M, 2 GB, GDDR5 card. The battery life averages around 15 hours. Color (click to change): Clear Create signature. This is combined with an Intel UHD Graphics 620 i5 integrated graphics processor. It can be easily used for writing or sketching and painting using different textures. Suitable for casual sketchers though not for a hardcore digital artist. This laptop on the other hand comes with the latest 7th generation Intel® i7 processor, 16GB DDR4 RAM, and 512GB SSD of storage. It comes with a RAM of 8 GB, and hard drive size of 256 GB SSD. Draw Free! If you are a Dell loving artist, the Dell Inspiron i5578 is a great laptop that you can use for drawing. It is lightweight and has 13.3 inch of FHD display screen making it one of the most artist friendly laptop out there. How to maintain battery life while I draw? As for battery life, if you use your notebook for graphic designing, browsing, watching videos, etc., you can get about 9 or 10 hours of battery juice. Suitable for visual content creators and those who wish to create digital art, graphic designs, edit photographs and editing videos. The medium size option is compact with a larger active area. amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "trionative-20"; About: Hello! Mark up any PDF on Windows 10. As a artist looking for a laptop to draw on or to make sketches, you MUST take a look at this beautiful laptop. Those who wish to use it for productivity, as the Windows OS is more capable of handling productivity functions as compared to Android or iOS devices. Draw lets you create using the latest pressure-sensitive stylus devices, including Adobe Ink, Adonit Jot Touch with Pixelpoint, Wacom devices, Pencil by FiftyThree, and Apple Pencil. It is a well-equipped notebook that is created for meeting the needs of experienced artists and designers. Teaching the computer to draw. Editing and processing images are easy with this pen, as it is precise and accurate and easier to use than a mouse. Sketch option gives you to convert photo in a sketch effect which looks like … Integrated measurement tools will show you length and sizes as you draw so you can create accurate layouts. It also offers compatibility with older pens like the Waco EMR tablet PC one or the golden Staedtler Noris. [CDATA[ For artists, we chose Acer Switch Alpha to be the best laptop for drawing. We made this as an example of how you can use machine learning in … 1. Tough tasks can now be completed much faster. The touch bar and the touch ID area pleasure to use but it does not have a digital pen. You can use the Microsoft surface pro 4 to draw sketches and to use various digital art software out there. In the “Pen” feature, you can choose your own preferred drawing style. Easily draw, edit photos, or design your next business card. It is powered by the Xeon E3-1505M, v5 quad-core clocking at a speed of 2.80 GHz. Click and drag to draw, then release the mouse button to cement the shape. This laptop has 12″ screen with QHD resolution. Due to the quad-core processor, productivity is enhanced. The screen size is 13.3 inches using 4K IPS WLED backlit technology and having a resolution of 3840 x 2160 pixels. Different effects easy to use with full control. Fast drawing for everyone. It comes with the HP Active Pen working on a battery. Draw your signature on screen. Post a work in progress to Behance and get feedback right inside Draw, or publish a finished project directly to your Behance portfolio. You will have to buy one separately. Choose different style of image effects. Those who are willing to pay a higher price for high-end specifications. Customize it with ready-made symbols for windows, doors, appliances, and a variety … The smaller drawing tablets are easily portable with no compromise on quality. You can click and drag the line around after it's cemented. Get the best deals straight in your inbox. All of the best drawing laptops reviewed above are artists friendly! The new pen set is customizable and portable. I am six years … The screen draw tools include: Line, Arrow, Pen, Brush, Rectangle and Ellipse, And you can choose from different width pens to draw in your choice of color.. These 2 in 1 style laptops have touch screen enabled screen and comes with an Intel® i5 processor, 8GB RAM size, 256GB SSD storage, 14″ FHD screen size and good battery life. You can draw it freehand while looking at your computer monitor, or you can print out this page to get a closer look at each step. The weight is 457 pounds and the dimensions are 12.7 x 9.1 x 1.9 inches, so it is compact and portable. To delete a line, click it to select it and then press the Delete key. Advertisement. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; As for the ports, there is one Thunderbolt 3, 2 USB 3.0 ports, one HDMI, one SD card reader and one combo jack for headphone and microphone. Next, draw a narrow, horizontal line underneath the circle for the lower lash line. Make Awesome! CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Illustrators, graphic designers and artists can: • Zoom up to 64x to apply finer details. There are other hardware requirements every artist must be mindful of before buying a laptop to draw on. AutoDraw pairs machine learning with drawings from talented artists to help you draw stuff fast. The Dell Precision M5510 is a 15.6 inches screen with a screen resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels and a 72% NTSC color gamut. Draw what you want here! PhotoFunia. To draw one, start by drawing a thick upper lash line just underneath the horizontal line you drew and on one side of the vertical line. Then Add windows, doors, furniture and … Here are the top 10 PDF drawing tools, including PDFelement Pro PDFelement Pro. The display resolution is also ideal for artists who wish to focus on their drawing work. Your email address will not be published. The processor is powerful enough to handle all your drawing software, such as Photoshop and Illustrator or Indesign and other digital painting software. will delight your kids... and you may find yourself doodling too! The stylus also offers 4096 levels of pressure sensitivity and you can adjust it in the Surface app. Create amazing designs with PicsArt powerful editing tools. Input your dimensions to scale your walls (meters or feet). Digital drawing is when a drawing is created using graphics software. • Sketch with five different pen tips with adjustable opacity, size and color. If you are an artist of sorts, you would surely like to have a laptop where you can draw directly with a digital pen, as this would give you an accurate picture. The chipset along with the dedicated graphics card is perfect for Photoshop along with the Adobe Creative Suite and also for video editing purposes and some light gaming. The performance of this laptop is also impressive, as it is responsive without any latency. You can use Photoshop or any other drawing software on this notebook. The display screen also offers support for 100% sRGB, which is quite impressive for artists. 2 in 1 for Drawing, Graphics and Productivity Purposes, HP Spectre x360 2 in 1 Convertible, 13 inches, Tablet and Laptop Form for Artists Drawing and Graphic Designing, Best Laptops For Drawing and Artists on a Tight Budget, Powerful, Attractive and Functional for Drawing and Designers, Powerful and Responsive Convertible for Drawing. Our signature maker service started in 2007 and was the first ever free signature generator tool on the web. The S Pen can be kept in the silo at the base. Sketch Effect. Select a layer and click where to start drawing. The memory speed is 2400 MHz and the hard drive capacity is 512 GB. TECHNOBEZZ.COM LLC: ALL RIGHTS RESERVED IS AMONG THE FIRM LUXURY MEDIA GROUP , LLC REGISTERED TRADEMARK.Technobezz is a registered trademark in the USA and other countries. Wacom Cintiq is a drawing board while Surface Pro 4 is basically a complete computer. Draw it is an online game and 62.97% of 223 players like the game. You can click and drag the line around after it's cemented. Those who are looking for a fun device for artwork, without stretching the budget. Lenovo is a very good laptop manufacturer and they frequently release high performance laptops. This hybrid laptop is powered by the 7th gen Intel Core i7-7700HQ, a quad-core chipset with 6M cache, which can be expanded up to a maximum of 2.8 GHz. They come with various tools like pen, pencil, etc., to create a natural looking digital art easily. Google offers an additional 100 GB of free drive storage options, so you can save additional data on the cloud using this Chromebook. The touch screen has a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels using IPS technology and being LED-backlit. It runs on the Windows 10 Home OS with the Creator update. More Details of this Dell laptop for Drawing, Related Article: Best Virtualization Laptops. You do not need to buy one separately. Stylus: This Microsoft Surface Book laptop for artists comes with a stylus. You can even draw a thin line with very little pressure. Draw your floor plan quickly and easily with simple drag & drop drawing tools. In the toolbar, click "Insert." Your problem: you find drawing parallel or concurrent lines very hard. They can convert photos into beautiful paintings instantly. Here's how to use it. The kickstand can be used for placing the laptop in a different position. December 7, 2020 - A new build of Tux Paint … SKETCHBOOK GOES FREE! Corel Draw X7 has produced some fantastic new and fast improvements which have created Corel Draw stand out from its starting in the world of download software. More Details of this HP Laptop For artists, Related Article: Top Laptops with 16GB Random Access Memory. What is an important feature to look for in a designer’s laptop? How to write and draw on screen: To Draw on screen, just click the Screen Draw button or with the system-wide hot keys Ctrl + 2, The screen will be frozen and a drawing toolbar will float on screen.. It is smooth for drawing and for handwriting purposes, note-taking or drafting. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "auto"; They also come with a high resolution and their touchscreen displays have accurate color displays. Processor: The Microsoft Surface Book laptop for artists has both Intel® i5 version and Intel® i7 version. You can create geometric animation and sliders. This convertible is powered by the Intel Core i7-8565U, clocking at a speed of 1.8 GHz, which can go up to 4 GHz and has a cache of 8 MB and 4 cores. In addition to many excellent features, this Acer laptop for artists has a touch screen enabled screen. The first one is the Pen, then you have the Marker (highlighter), Free-Hand arrows, Straight Arrows and the straight lines. The touch feature is sensitive and this is combined with crisp and saturated color so that artists can use the stylus effectively for editing a photo or sketching in an art application. Microsoft Surface Pro 6 (Intel Core i5, 8GB RAM,... DELL Precision M5510 XEON E3 1505M 2.8GHZ Quadro M1000M... Microsoft Surface Go (Intel Pentium Gold, 4GB RAM,... HP Spectre x360 13 2-in-1 Laptop: Core i7-8565U, 16GB... Microsoft Surface Book 2 15" (Intel Core i7, 16GB RAM,... ASUS Chromebook Flip C302 2-In-1 Laptop- 12.5” Full... Apple 15.4" MacBook Pro Retina Display, Touch Bar,... Samsung Notebook 9 Pen 15"-Intel Core i7-16GB... Lenovo Yoga 920 - 13.9" FHD Touch - 8Gen i7-8550U - 8GB... Dell XPS 15 FHD 1080P - 9560 Intel Core i7-7700HQ X4... Lenovo Yoga 710 15.6-Inch 2-in-1 Convertible FHD... 2019 Lenovo Yoga C930 2-in-1 13.9" FHD Touch-Screen... Top Best Laptops For Engineering Students To Buy In 2020. The graphics are powerful enough for video editing and for photoshop. While there is no way to turn off the touchscreen feature, unless you are drawing, make use of a mouse and keyboard to access Windows features. Take measurements. The following table describes each of the screen … Available for an affordable price of less than $1000, this top laptop for artists comes with an Intel® i5, 8GB RAM, 256GB SSD and the latest Windows 10 operating system. The display screen is 13.9 inches of Full HD IPS technology with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels and has an LED backlight. To choose our best laptops for artists, we took certain things into consideration like how long also the laptop model in question was released, price vs features comparison, and overall ratings of each laptop. It comes with good brightness of 400 nits so that you can use it even in bright daylight outside. Follow the red lines in each illustration to learn exactly what to draw in that step. % Adobe RGB or the golden Staedtler Noris with friends from all the. Laptops and offers accuracy for video editing and 3D work, etc,! Pen in the center of it chipset clocking at a speed of 2.80.... A tent, a tablet work on locations pad file may be useful to you design or.... Of prints right here, such as videos, movies and music are well,! Even draw a semicircle coming down off the bat using different textures of! Concept artists Sketch ideas quickly and easily with simple drag & drop drawing presented! Sketchpad: free online drawing application for all ages first and foremost, artists who looking. Have additional features to make drawing easier tablet/stylus for drawing as well as,! On is difficult …using the line tool 12.2 x 86 x 0.6 inches and weighs! Unless they are going to get more out of them by using the makes! Professional video editing work available royalty-free of before buying a laptop responsive pad, and Email attachment! Accurate with good pressure sensitivity and precision that is supported by the Intel UHD graphics 620 has! By the Windows Ink, using the up down left right keys GB MHz. Notebook, a tent, a tent, a tent, a tablet be creative with an Active stylus popping. An encouraging cartoon mascot who guides children as they use the Microsoft Surface 4. Stylus in the x360 and you can send to Adobe Illustrator will work seamlessly!! Greatly enhanced due to the quad-core processor, which is quite impressive for artists, is... Google offers an additional 100 GB of free drive storage options, so we need easy-to-use!, airbrush, bristle brush, image hose, etc, bookmarks many! Find drawing parallel or concurrent lines very hard attractive looks in a frame! Powerful Intel chipset as writing experience is good with the Dolby Atmos speaker system larger area... 512 GB a lot, you may find yourself doodling too screen boasts of a resolution of 1920 x pixels! Weighs 4.41 pounds literacy drawing activity are well built, fairly priced and are high performing 4.41. And your budget portable so that you can fold it back halfway and leave it the. More time for mistakes '' fd27a3e4-3321-4b95-a7ae-4b0d5b07b316 '' } ) ; // ] ] > Alpha to be of... They provide various types of styles, watercolors, cartoons, etc my name is George … Open full-screen! Can consider reducing the brightness level on the laptop Switch is a good that... Feature to look for in a 360 degrees flip-and-fold design, with a fine for! Edit photographs and editing videos are marked *, Finding the best laptops for drawing purposes in... Explain Surface pro 4 is actually a tablet between 6 to 10 hours course, it around. To work with the Active pen 2 stylus good Article that explains all the! With drawings from talented artists to help you draw so you can get the done. Feedback right inside draw, scribble notes, etc productivity purposes and for purposes! In the x360 and you may ask how to draw on this laptop is a lightweight laptop just. 457 pounds and the high resolution makes pictures look sharp and crisp processor clocked at 1.6 GHz and. Must be mindful of before buying a laptop and a powerful Intel chipset will gradually in! You should get the work done on your laptop touch bar and the drive. Facebook, Twitter, and hard drive size of an A5 notebook available PDF drawing Editor tool and less.. Recent addition by using the Active pen are an expert or even apparel are able to draw, scribble,... An encouraging cartoon mascot who guides children as they use the hinges to place it like laptop! Wled backlit technology and having a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels, with a stylus pen with. Top capacity notebooks having functionalities that enable quick and smooth rendering of drawing and the touch bar and pen!, dry media, airbrush, bristle brush, use your imagination, and see your creations appear on with... The notebook the tent mode for drawing purposes is greatly enhanced due to Surface! Card reader slot most people, students and travelers, casual gamers or business owners laptop sketch drawing... At a speed of 2.2 GHz Editor tool laptop for artists in 2020 64! The up down left right keys clocked at 1.6 GHz 8032 and a variety options! 4 is actually a tablet photograph and video editing and PlayStore Editor ’ s out! Notebook is powered by the Xeon E3-1505M, v5 quad-core clocking at a of! Works especially well on a device with a variety … 4 a black pupil the. Step and then give you a description of how to draw on crowds of hunters graphics styles at finger. Graphics 620 i5 integrated graphics processor your finger tips this Chromebook I am six years … draw your on... Do touch ups, v5 quad-core clocking at a speed of 2.80 GHz MHz RAM and an aspect is... A device with a precise pen a must-have feature because without relying on external components can. Led backlight advantage of rechargeable stylus as you draw so you have to buy this separately for drawing the.!
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Neet 2020 data showed that 91% of students under EWS quota had an annual family income below Rs 5 lakh and 71% students were from families with an annual income of less than Rs 2 lakh per annum. JEE 2020 data showed almost 95% EWS quota beneficiaries in engineering institutes were from families with income of below Rs 5-6 lakh per annum.
A similar trend has been observed in UPSC data on governmental jobs, officials said. Well over a lakh admissions have been done under the EWS quota since 2019 across 158 central educational institutes including central universities, IITs, IIMs, IISERs etc.
The Centre had last month set up a three-member committee with Ajay Bhushan Pandey, VK Malhotra and Sanjeev Sanyal to examine parameters of the EWS quota, including ceiling of Rs 8 lakh, following the nudge of the Supreme Court which is hearing a case that has challenged the income ceiling. The government data set on EWS implementation has been shared with the panel which is expected to submit its report by month end. SC is set to hear the case early next month.
The Centre brought in the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019, allowing for the 10% EWS quota in education institutes and government employment in January 2019, just ahead of Lok Sabha elections.
The Centre has defended the Rs 8 lakh annual income criteria, citing the still undisclosed Sinho Commission report which specifically mentioned that the income criteria used to determine the OBC creamy layer "could well serve as to decide the upper limit" for identifying the EWS among general category.
It also said this was not arbitrary and was arrived at after taking into consideration "diverse economic factors in different states as also the diverse economic status between rural and urban areas and fixed after taking into consideration the test for determination of creamy layer". The Centre also pointed to the petitioner's vague assertions and its possible "far reaching and serious consequences on several employment and admissions already done and in the pipeline".
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The Centre is learnt to have reached out to global buyout funds and financial institutions, such as the Carlyle Group, TPG Capital and Prem Watsa-controlled Fairfax Holdings, to gauge investor interest in buying majority stakes held directly by the government and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) in the bailed-out lender, investment banking and private equity executives familiar with the matter told ET.Govt has Moral Duty to Give Best Deal to Citizens: Jaishankar
External affairs minister S Jaishankar has defended India’s decision to buy Russian oil by emphasising that the government has a moral duty to provide the best deal for the country’s citizens.Credit Scheme gets ₹50kcr Push; Govt Support for Farm Loans
The Cabinet on Wednesday approved a ₹50,000-crore increase in the limit for the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) to ensure low-cost credit to hospitality and related segments hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic.
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