text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
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The original problem statement:
On one of Inference's gateway machines, /var/adm/messages contains the
Dec 1 04:58:30 gabor inetd: ftp from 188.8.131.52 1627
Dec 1 04:58:47 gabor inetd: ftp from 184.108.40.206 1628
Dec 1 04:59:20 gabor inetd: ftp from 220.127.116.11 1629
My reverse-map-ip utility doesn't find a name for that IP address. What
should I do to find out who it belongs to?
The specific answer is: that class B address belongs to MOBIL.COM.
Answers on how to solve the general problem of identifying IP numbers:
1. Use "dig".
2. TELNET to NIC.INTERNIC.NET, log in as "whois", follow directions.
3. Use nslookup on 126.131.in-addr.arpa.
4. FTP or TELNET to the node and look at the banner.
5. Use "whois 131.126"
6. Use traceroute.
7. Install software to screen connections by reverse mapping.
It so happens I didn't have to use any of the above, because many of the
respondents provided the output of their suggested solutions, including the
domain of the unknown node.
Thanks to the following folks for their replies:
Gene Rackow <firstname.lastname@example.org>
"Richard Murphy, DSR Inc." <email@example.com>
Claus Assmann <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Stephen Miller <email@example.com>
"Kevin A. Noll" <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Ian MacPhedran <email@example.com>
firstname.lastname@example.org (Stuart Pearlman - RDR)
email@example.com (Danny Johnson)
firstname.lastname@example.org (John Stanley)
email@example.com (Andy Feldt)
firstname.lastname@example.org (Brian Holgate)
Dan Stromberg - OAC-DCS <email@example.com>
Michael Myers <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Dave Fetrow <email@example.com>
anthony baxter <firstname.lastname@example.org>
email@example.com (Tom Plesha)
firstname.lastname@example.org (Weibin Zhu)
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.2 : Fri Sep 28 2001 - 23:09:17 CDT | <urn:uuid:fbb475c4-89b6-418f-9861-288d8381f4d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sunmanagers.org/1994/1639.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.703894 | 689 | 1.664063 | 2 |
In the 1950s, fathers in American culture were seen as wise heads of the household to whom children could turn in times of need, portrayed in such television shows as “Father Knows Best.” In those shows, the earthly father stood in place of the heavenly Father, guiding and instructing his children as a Christian father is intended to do. However, this image has become distorted through the years, with the modern father more commonly painted as the Homer Simpson-esque, unintelligent, lazy figure.
The defining secular attitudes regarding fatherhood have seen constant change in the last 50 years. While fathers are now allowed in the birthing room and are expected to help with household chores and child rearing, there has also been opposition to the necessity of the father-figure in an age of confused gender roles. What is the true role of fatherhood, as defined in the Catholic Church?
Father Royce Gregerson, pastor of St. John the Evangelist Parish in Goshen, shed light on the value of fathers in the Catholic life.
“My experience as a parish priest has been that the father makes an enormous difference in the faith life,” he said. “We talk about God as Father all the time. Whether people find that credible or believable or not is frequently determined by their relationship with their own father.”
Numerous studies show that households with a capable, involved father are more likely to produce adults who continue in their faith life, as well as maintain strong marital bonds. The example of his own father remains substantial in Father Gregerson’s life as well.
While his father always led prayer at home, Father Gregerson recalled how a renewal in his father’s faith after a Christ Renews His Parish weekend became a source of inspiration for him and his siblings. As a priest, Father Gregerson has learned much about spiritual fatherhood and has come to a greater appreciation of his father’s faith.
Father Gregerson is not alone in his assessment of the importance of fathers. Multiple studies on the impact of fathers — or lack thereof — within the family have been done by both secular and Catholic psychologists. Terms like “father complex” and “daddy issues” are not uncommon in modern psychology and even date back to the turn of the 20th century and experts such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. A Google search brings up thousands of more recent studies in the area, showing the vital role that dads can play in the lives of their children.
For many people who have not had the ideal experience of a caring father, all is not lost. Father Gregerson has seen the healing power of God in the lives of many people with broken parental relationships. This change can come about as a person grows closer to God the Father. Father Gregerson strongly emphasized that “we do have that perfect Father that we’ve longed for. We just need to recognize Him.”
He also references the writings of psychologist Judith Wallerstein, which shows how many men who are raised in less-than-supportive circumstances become determined to not repeat the mistakes of their fathers and to become better fathers in turn. Fathers who raise their children in an authoritative manner, neither too lax nor too strict, are more likely to have those children seek their aid and counsel when faced with challenging circumstances. Creating a safe environment with structure and support is crucial in families.
If fathers are meant to serve as earthly representatives of the heavenly Father, how can Catholics in the modern society reclaim that privilege? “I think just living a life of service, finding opportunities as a family … because the family has a vocation to be of service,” stated Father Gregerson.
There are many Catholic resources for men who have chosen to reject the image of the inattentive father to pursue godly fatherhood. Websites such as Strong Catholic Dad, Those Catholic Men, and The Catholic Gentleman are pushing back against the cultural representation of bad dads and taking a deeper look into the spiritual aspects of fatherhood. Additionally, the Knights of Columbus began an initiative called “Fathers for Good,” with a website that provides inspirational stories of other fathers as well as advice for keeping children Catholic and instilling effective and loving discipline.
Though it may be difficult for a man to open himself to others, Father Gregerson affirmed the importance of fathers speaking to their children about their relationship with Jesus. “That’s when they become inspired to have a relationship with the Lord, and that’s what lasts a lifetime — a relationship, not a set of rules.
“I always want to give the ‘Catholic Dad of the Year’ award to the dads who bring their kids to confession,” Father Gregerson quipped. Since he only hears confessions behind a screen, he has no way to know who is confessing but says the example of a man who leads his children by being the first one in the confessional witnesses to the faith of the family. The same is true of men who bring their children to adoration.
Demonstrating a virtuous life of faith can influence the ways that fathers are viewed in a world in which many people do not have strong father figures. Men can recognize and share their own limited nature with their children, while still remaining a good father. No man is perfect, yet all can strive to emulate the ideal Father, rather than a poor cultural imitation. Men who imitate God the Father in terms of mercy, forgiveness and responsible authority are living their Catholic vocation of fatherhood, said Father Gregerson.
“The father is also an incredible supernatural influence as well. When a man has a dedicated life of prayer, that inspires his children.”
The best news. Delivered to your inbox.
Subscribe to our mailing list today. | <urn:uuid:0dcab580-b15f-4ea0-a0cf-43afc617b3d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://todayscatholic.org/reclaiming-catholic-fatherhood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979336 | 1,196 | 2.375 | 2 |
Iceland Kills Almost 100% of Babies With Down Syndrome in Abortion, Denmark 98%, UK 90%, and U.S. 74%
A powerful video, The Hiring Chain, produced for 2021 World Down Syndrome Day (March 21), features a wonderful song that describes a life-affirming chain reaction kicked off when a baker hires a young woman with Down syndrome.
The Hiring Chain, written by the team at CoorDown, an Italian advocacy organization that promotes acceptance and inclusion of people with Down syndrome, is performed by the world renowned rock star, Sting.
Employees with Down syndrome are shown in the video being hired, all as a consequence of the initial job offer from the Baker. We hear these lyrics, sung by Sting to a catchy tune:
The Baker hired Simone
And everybody saw
That she could do the job.
The Lawyer went to the Baker
And saw Simone at work.
The Lawyer hired John
Because the Baker hired Simone…
And so on, until it comes full circle.
This scenario is a perfect example of how vital it is for people with Down syndrome to be seen and encountered in our world. The more they are known, the more we benefit from their presence and the more we appreciate their unique gifts. And the more they are known, the more they are accepted and the more they benefit from our understanding. You might call it the Circle of Acceptance.
But to be known, they must first be born!
Tragically, abortion takes the lives of thousands of unborn babies with Down syndrome each year. A 2012 study estimates that about 74 percent of babies prenatally diagnosed with Down syndrome in the U.S. are aborted. In Europe, the abortion rate is even higher– 90 percent in the U.K., 98 percent in Denmark, and for all practical purposes 100 percent in Iceland.
We must understand, however, that the positive chain reaction, unleashed by our increased exposure to individuals with Down syndrome, beautifully demonstrated in the CoorDown video, can be set off in the opposite direction when our exposure is decreased.
In other words, the fewer of us who know someone with Down syndrome, the fewer of us will be touched by their unique gifts, and the fewer of us who will understand and appreciate them. The fewer of us that understand and appreciate them, the worse off it will be for those who have Down syndrome. In fact, this lack of understanding can, and has led to intolerance toward people with Down syndrome, lethally so when they are at their most vulnerable—in the womb.
Unfortunately, for a myriad of reasons, too many of us may harbor preconceived notions about Down syndrome.
Perhaps, it is because individuals with Down syndrome share common physical features that make their appearance a bit different than those of us who lack that extra 21st chromosome. Or maybe because there is always some level of intellectual disability, we assume that it means they cannot understand or learn or perform a job.
But when we are fortunate enough to have someone with Down syndrome in our families, friend circles, and/or communities, prejudices and biases and stereotypes are challenged. We come to learn there is more to them than meets the eye. We come to appreciate their oftentimes delightful humor, love of people, and ability to perform their jobs well.
Ask any parent of a child born with Down syndrome, and most will tell you that, yes, they initially experienced sadness and fear. However, overwhelmingly, most of those parents will also tell you that their children transformed their sadness into joy and changed their lives for the better.
Emily, a family friend of ours beautifully expressed this reality some years ago when writing about our daughter in a school essay. “With Sadie, I learned first-hand that oftentimes disabled children have the sweetest souls. It is impossible to explain exactly how I learned this. It is a type of knowledge that cannot be passed on by any amount of words, you must learn through experience to fully understand.”
Emily hit the nail on the head!
On CoorDown’s YouTube channel, they write, “By hiring someone with Down syndrome, you start a virtuous chain: the more that people with Down Syndrome are seen at work, the more they’ll be recognized as valuable employees, and the more they’ll be hired. Do your part, start the Hiring Chain today.”
Of course, and more importantly, the same could also be said for bringing a baby with Down syndrome into this world. By one mother choosing Life for her baby, another will also choose Life. And the more babies with Down syndrome born, the more we all benefit from their lives, and the more individuals with Down syndrome will benefit as well. It is a win-win. Start the Hiring Chain!
Do yourself a favor and watch the delightful The Hiring Chain video.
LifeNews Note: Eileen Haupt is the mother of a lovely 22-year-old daughter with Down syndrome and co-founder of Keep Infants with Down Syndrome (KIDS)
Ref: This is a www.lifenews.com opinion piece | <urn:uuid:19f53799-d8a5-41fa-ba05-b183cbe5b07a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifenetwork.eu/iceland-kills-almost-100-of-babies-with-down-syndrome-in-abortion-denmark-98-uk-90-and-u-s-74/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962049 | 1,117 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The difference between pre and probiotics
The difference between pre and probiotics, and how to include them in my diet?
The concept of gut health has been gaining enormous traction over the last few years (and rightfully so). We have only started to uncover the immense complexity that is the microbiome, and many people now claim to have the secret recipe to heal your “leaky gut”. Although the intentions are good, it’s important to understand that nobody has all the answers to how exactly our gut bacteria impacts our health, but we do know that it plays a huge part in digestive health, inflammation levels in the body, prevalence of disease, and now has even to show a huge part in neurological health.
So given the importance in prioritizing your gut health, and the complete lack of clarity on the subject, what is the best and easiest way to address the issue? The answer first lies in understanding the difference between prebiotics and probiotics. Your microbiome is composed of millions upon millions of bacteria. There are good bacteria and bad bacteria, and the overall health of your gut will determine on which strains of bacteria are more prevalent in your system. The good bacteria can be called probiotics, and this is what has become popular in the health industry whether through supplementation or through foods (fermented fruits and vegetables, coconut yogurt, kombucha, etc.) Supplementation of probiotics has shown some benefits, however it is yet to be determined if the bacteria ingested actually can bypass digestion and have a positive impact on your microbiome. There also in an issue with taking the right strains, as certain individuals might already have enough of said strain from the supplement, and need other strains that aren’t available (this could only be determined through more advanced testing). Prebiotics on the other hand, are fibrous compounds found in food that induce the growth or activity of beneficial bacteria and fungi in the microbiome. More simply put, prebiotics are the food that your beneficial bacteria rely on the eat and grow. An individual introducing probiotics through supplementation or through food sources, that has an unhealthy environment, will not be able to foster these bacteria and help them strive. Think about the probiotics as plants, and the prebiotics as the soil. You can put all the plants you want in your garden, but you’ll never be successful without the right soil to help them grow.
So now that we know the difference, what is the easiest way to increase our intake of prebiotics, and after probiotics?
I recommend the prebiotics first to create a healthy ecosystem for the bacteria. Some well known sources for prebiotics include onions, garlic, blueberries, chicory, Savoy cabbage, lentils, green bananas and many more. Another good source (and interesting hack that I learned) is to cook and cool your white rice or white potatoes with a small amount of fat (coconut oil, butter). After cooling for 24 hours or more, you will create a resistant starch that will provide a huge boost to your gut while also lowering the glycemic load of the starch which will lessen the blood sugar spike as well as keep you fuller for longer.
For probiotics, the best way to consume the most diverse array of bacteria that could benefit your microbiome is through a variety of probiotic foods. Coconut kefir, coconut yogurt, kombucha (fermented tea), fermented vegetables like kimchi or sauerkraut, and even some fermented fruit are all good sources of probiotics that can contribute to a healthy gut. If you are looking to supplement with specific probiotic strains, please consult with a naturopathic practitioner that will be able to assess your personal needs and make the best recommendation. | <urn:uuid:4da2579b-3156-44fe-b551-c0d76dec13c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://athleteskitchen.ca/the-difference-between-pre-and-probiotics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950717 | 763 | 2.203125 | 2 |
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From where I stand: “The work to end violence against women and girls in the Caribbean is an immense challenge. It takes partnership, a love for people and a want for positive change.”
Phylicia Alexander Lavia is the Foundress & Executive Director of Red Root SVG, a nonprofit in her home country of Saint Vincent & the Grenadines. Phylicia is a gender-based violence survivor and activist who advocates for the empowerment & support of underserved women, LGBTQ+ communities & children.
This inaugural issue of the Caribbean Regional Spotlight Initiative Newsletter highlights foundational elements established so far to ensure the success of the regional programme.
Bridgetown, Barbados - While Dominica, Grenada and Trinidad and Tobago are among the countries in the Caribbean and Americas region where women ministers are nearing or exceeding the gender parity position of 30 per cent of representatives, the number of women in executive government and in parliament worldwide has stagnated.
It is expected that the law enforcement response to gender-based violence reports will be strengthened for several countries as selected officers embark on a two week internship programme with the Ottawa (Canada) Police Services Department. | <urn:uuid:e0d2c4a7-6424-4071-86f6-c67944fff5c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caribbean.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories?country=37ae9c7e303743158e101bee5b32ebcc&f%5B0%5D=topic_stories%3A1403&f%5B1%5D=topic_stories%3A1813&f%5B2%5D=topic_stories%3A1829 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.908373 | 256 | 1.710938 | 2 |
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Abstraction can be a rewarding way to express ideas in paint. This class will explore alternative ways to use the traditional medium of oil such as scraping or dripping, while focusing on elements of composition. Each class will concentrate on a different strategy for adding balance and structure to create fully realized works of art. Students will make one to four paintings depending on the speed of their process and the amount of detail appropriate to the work. | <urn:uuid:b326a13d-5853-466b-b2f9-2aae3539907c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://origin-a3.active.com/berkeley-ca/photography/classes/abstractions-in-oil-2022?int=72-3-A3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.896857 | 124 | 2.671875 | 3 |
by Allan LEONARD for FactCheckNI (28 January 2020)
Representing FactCheckNI and as part of a four-person panel, I was invited to give evidence to the UK House of Lords Select Committee on Democracy and Digital Technologies. Fellow witnesses were Ed Humpherson (Director General for Regulation, Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR)), Will Moy (Chief Executive, Full Fact), and Jenni Sargent (Managing Director, First Draft).
This was an extension of the committee’s previous call for written evidence, on the issue of “how representative democracy can be supported, rather than undermined, in a digital world”. The focus is on six key areas:
- transparency in political campaigns
- privacy and anonymity
- the effects of digital technologies on public discourse
- how technology can facilitate democracy
- the development of effective digital literacy
This session of oral evidence looked at how information providers ensure that information provided to the public, particularly during election campaigns, is reliable and accurate; how information is verified; what are the key challenges facing information providers; and how legislation in this area could help.
The session was live streamed to the public via a webcast, and the following is based on an uncorrected official record.
After introducing ourselves, Baroness McGregor-Smith asked us what effect misinformation – or information disorder – has had on public debate in the UK, our positive actions, and remaining challenges.
Jenni Sargent replied that anybody who wants to disrupt public discourse can utilise online spaces to shift the narrative, based on how they want people to perceive information. Her organisation, First Draft, is trying to raise awareness of such tactics. Ed Humpherson said that the velocity of bad information can drive out the good, and a role of the statistics authority is to provide a reliable, impartial evidence base. I emphasised the value of critical thinking and to have people think for themselves. Will Moy said that bad information can ruin lives – damaging people’s health, promoting hate, and hurting democracy. But not all bad information does this, he added; there is a spectrum of experiences and some are more consequential than others. To help tackle real harms from bad information, Moy argued that there are a lot of building blocks in place – such as a respected and trusted public service broadcaster, freedom of speech, maintaining standards in public life; the challenge is to move these into the world we live in now.
Baroness McGregor-Smith also asked all of us what we would do individually, personally, in fact checking a claim. Humpherson replied “going the extra click” to see what sits behind a claim; I replied that one of our research projects (Co-Inform) has the motto, “think, check, share”. Moy provided the three questions contained in Full Fact’s and FactCheckNI’s toolkit: (1) where has the claim come from? (2) what does the claim really mean? and (3) how does the claim make you feel? Likewise, Sargent said that she will check the motivation of the claim and then apply verification skills to track down the source.
Lord Lucas asked whether there is scope to have a curated set of uncontested information on national questions, to help focus debate. Moy answered “yes”, citing the House of Commons and House of Lords Libraries, as well as the Office of National Statistics. But, he added, the challenge is translating that quality of impartial research and analysis for a general audience. I gave the example of the Northern Ireland Statistics Research Agency (NISRA) curating its data products into themed presentations, such as on migration. Humpherson endorsed this NI: IN PROFILE product. He also informed the committee that at the OSR sees itself as serving a much bigger public debate, “which often requires a more accessible, coherent, and linked-up way of presenting information”. Sargent reminded everyone that when someone searches a topic online, they are not presented with any indicators of the credibility of the search results: “It’s an open goal for anyone looking to drive a different narrative.”
Baroness Morris queried whether we can really expect every member of the public to develop fact-checking skills and apply them with every claim they come across. Sargent’s response was that there are tactics being used by those purposefully spreading disinformation, and that platforms and publishers have a responsibility to provide indicators of credibility, like we see with a newsprint font of the colour of the Financial Times. I replied that a lot of this comes down to trust, “which is a difficult thing to achieve and standardise”. I also made a distinction between claims that are made in public and microtargeting.
For claims made in public and broadcast publicly, media literacy, general awareness, and fact-checking organisations can respond very promptly. Resolving the issue of microtargeting political adverts, for example, education on its own is not going to resolve it; software solutions could play a role. Moy made a case for putting the topic in perspective; the goal should be to reduce harm from false and misleading information by taking proportionate steps. The challenge, he added, is to find the once sentence of advice that we could tell everyone to think about, like the public safety campaign, “stop, look, and listen”; it might be “take the next click”. Moy also complimented the coordinating role that Ofcom is attempting, particularly with its Making Sense of Media programme. Yet the UK Department for Education does not appear to be actively involved in such work, which Baroness McGregor-Smith noted and will feed back to the department, where she is a non-executive director.
Lord Holmes asked what are the characteristics of information that achieves public trust, and how can we ensure that the public can differentiate between legitimate and illegitimate sources of information. Humpherson replied that it is a mistake to regard statistics as just numbers: “They are numbers with a social life; they exist in context.” He explained the three pillars of trustworthiness, quality, and value that underpins his organisation’s work. Similarly, I explained the third-party verification of fact-checking organisations that adhere to a code of principles set forth by the International Fact-Checking Network at the Poynter Institute: “Trustworthiness is reflected in our commitment to non-partisanship and fairness, to transparency of sources of information, to transparency of funding and our organisational details.” Moy described trust as a collected set of experiences and can be easily lost. He remarked that about one in five of us generally trust politicians or journalists to tell the truth: “That does not mean that we think they lie all the time; we think they lie enough that it is not sensible to trust them.” Sargent went beyond institutional trust, observing a rise in the spreading of misinformation within closed trusted groups (where people feel safe with information that confirms their existing beliefs).
Lord Scriven continued on this point, asking for evidence that fact checking works in changing people’s minds from irrationality to a more rational view about what is true. Moy replied by referring to a joint statement between Full Fact, Africa Check, and Chequeado: “Fact checking doesn’t work (the way you think it does)”. He explained that most fact-checking work is upstream, asking people to correct the record and stop the spread of specific unsubstantiated claims, as well as looking at the causes of bad information and trying to tackle it:
Fact checkers are not the answer to how to get everybody to believe things that are true. We are part of the answer to how you give people the opportunity to make up their own minds about what is true and what is not, and to how you challenge people in positions of power and responsibility, when they choose to mislead others or when they accidentally mislead others. The idea that there is anybody who could sit in some central position, bestow accurate information on the world and be gratefully thanked for it is borderline silly, to be honest … The accountability function is a crucial part of what we do.
Baroness Kidron expressed her interest in the idea of the value chain of information, and wanted to know what set of principles could intermediaries in the chain adhere to that would help to drive a healthier relationship between verified producers and “hearers” of information. I answered with a description of fact checking as explanatory journalism, where the aim is to put claims and facts into a context. I also suggested that reporters and other outlets with editorial guidelines could include a duty of care, to cause no harm, in consideration of their selection and coverage of stories. Sargent responded with a challenge that many newsrooms face in competition for audience and attention, and the fact that anyone can put out their narrative via advertising on online platforms, sometimes without transparency observed in traditional media outlets: “I am always shocked by how the platforms do not refer to the news industry more frequently, to learn from what it has gone through in terms of how to report, such as whether to show the moment of death.” Here, Moy said that internet companies should provide proportionate responses to real harms, but he didn’t think that they are capable of defining where that line is without democratic oversight: “That is a decision that I would like to see taken with democratic accountability, not just in a corporate situation.”
Lord German asked how our individual organisations’ connections with government and/or technology companies bring credibility advantages and disadvantages. Moy replied that there is a chain of credibility in working with top-tier internet companies, from being able to provide evidence about how they behave and can be improved, how to communicate effectively in the online world, and in publishing transparency reports about its organisation’s work with them. Full Fact’s work with government gives it credibility in explaining how the policy environment affects the internet companies, and likewise with media organisations. There is a trust relationship among agencies such as the House of Commons Library, the ONS, public information bodies, universities, internet companies, and broadcasters and media outlets. Sargent enhanced this argument by saying that collaboration is the only way that we can bring in all these stakeholders, yet as no two governments, news organisations, or media landscapes are the same, principles and guidelines are always evolving. I added that FactCheckNI is part of a European Commission Horizon 2020 research project, Co-Inform, which is a partnership of universities and research institutions, with our participation as practitioners. My argument was that credibility comes from those of us fact checking organisations doing the work on the ground, while also drawing from the global fact-checking community and learning from what has been shown to work elsewhere.
Lord Puttnam asked us if Facebook’s partnership with fact-checking organisations works, and whether it should be emulated by other technology companies. Moy replied that the programme is a valuable measure, particularly in cases of tackling election interference, tackling false information in the aftermath of emergencies, including terrorist attacks, and tackling health misinformation. Sargent, like Moy, expressed a concern about whether the programme is scalable for the internet, and about the financial incentive to publish fact checks; she would like to see a similar effort about accurate reporting. I shared both concerns, and added one about reputational risk, where the wider public could misassociate a fact-checking organisation as not doing political fact checking (because Facebook does not apply treatment for political speech). Generally, FactCheckNI is content with its participation in the programme.
There was a pause after Lord Lucas asked us what was the one thing that Government could do to ensure better-informed public debate in the digital age. Moy replied, “It is the wrong question … There is a tendency to see this issue as a problem for which we are looking for a solution.” Rather, Moy suggested, this is a new area of policy that we will be debating for the next 30 years, discussing balances between free speech and harms: “The Government are making the mistake of thinking that they can create some kind of statutory duty of care, then outsource all those profound choices to a regulator…”
Moy then applied a Swiss cheese model of accident prevention, where you can’t see through the block of cheese because the holes don’t line up. In the form of being well informed, many surprising steps need to happen: from asking smart questions, good research and evidence gathering, to communicating the information clearly, reaching large audiences who take it all in. Sargent provided some context, by saying that there may be an equivalent of COBRA for certain moments and that some journalists are exposed to more harassment, threats, and harm from the internet.
So Moy’s proposal to the committee was to consider legislating little and often, updating legislation as our understanding grows. I suggested considering synergies among fact-checking organisations, universities, and agencies, in order to promote pathways of good information. Humpherson asked the committee to think about the Government as a provider of information: “Spend as much time thinking about what it means to inform as it means to misinform.” | <urn:uuid:eab2a58c-a67e-42c8-b85f-51acde10b3bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://factcheckni.org/articles/news/asking-the-right-questions-for-a-better-informed-public/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959525 | 2,750 | 2.046875 | 2 |
One of the Leading SSL Certificate Provider Company in India
SSL Certificates are small data files that digitally bind a cryptographic key to an organization’s details. SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer, the protocol which provides the encryption. SSL Certificates are typically installed on pages that require end-users to submit sensitive information over the internet like credit card details or passwords. Example pages include payment pages, online forms and login pages. When installed on a web server, it activates the padlock and the https protocol and allows secure connections from a web server to a browser. SSL Certificates bind together a domain name, server name or hostname and An organizational identity (i.e. company name) and location. An organization needs to install the SSL Certificate onto its web server to initiate a secure session with browsers. Once a secure connection is established, all web traffic between the web server and the web browser will be secure.
When a certificate is successfully installed on your server, the application protocol (also known as HTTP) will change to HTTPs, where the ‘S’ stands for ‘secure’. Depending on the type of certificate you purchase and what browser you are surfing the internet on, a browser will show a padlock or green bar in the browser when you visit a website that has an SSL Certificate installed. To view the details of an SSL Certificate, go to a secure site, click on the padlock and select “View Certificate”. All browsers are slightly different, but the Certificate always contains the same information.
At ApkiWebsite, we will help you to make your website secure with HTTPs if you wish to do so. The SSL certificate prices would be exclusive from the cost of the project or sometimes it may be inclusive depending upon the requirement of your project. We highly recommend all our clients to get the SSL certificate for their website if the site is containing any personal information or any other confidential information as data transferred in plain-text form or in non-encrypted format can be intercepted, eavesdropped, compromised and stolen. Transactions performed online may involve submitting personal information such as credit card information, social security numbers, usernames and passwords. Cybercriminals who intercept unencrypted communications will gain full access to this data and can use it for fraudulent purchases and activities. Trust and security are what make people confident enough to provide private, sensitive information online. SSL certificates are what make a website trusted. Organizations must use an SSL certificate to secure their site if they wish to take online payments or expect their visitors to submit confidential information. Apart from building essential trust and security into your website, SSL certificates also help with SEO efforts now that Google is providing a rankings boost for pages that are served over https.
We have been working with Apkiwebsite for the last several months and are extremely happy with the quality of work, support and response they provided. Our previous developer left us in a mess but with the help of Apkiwebsite we bounced back and are extremely happy with the finalization of the site.
Mr. Naveen Aggarwalwww.elegantprintographics.com
Apkiwebsite team is very skilled and knowledgeable, they produce good quality work and are extremely responsive and work very quickly. My contact Amandeep was always available to answer questions and work with me. I am very pleased with the website they designed and integrated for my company.
Mr. Himanshu Guptawww.thenaturalbytes.com
I can highly recommend Apkiwebsite for everyone. My project was done on time and exactly according to the specifications. All bugs discovered during developing were fixed very promptly.They have gone above and beyond expectations and on several occasions completed additional work off the clock, free of charge! | <urn:uuid:3aaa71eb-a363-47e8-9c00-f936ad6a4cfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://apkiwebsite.com/ssl-certificate.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.932431 | 776 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The following images are a few enhanced LandSAT images of Trout Lake, Nova Scotia (popular fishing place on the South Mountain – south of the town of Middleton) created using PCI Geomatica.
Tag Archive for: true color composite
This poster is of a mosaic of multi-temporal infra red LandSat imagery of the Annapolis Valley in Nova Scotia. The top image is a false color composite (FCC) using LandSat bands 7,4 and 3. The bottom image image is a true color composite using LandSat bands 3,2 and 1. It was one of the first image mosaics that I ever created with PCI orthoengine while studying remote sensing at COGS in 1999. | <urn:uuid:c5d8cc8b-8fcc-4b5e-9589-3f7627d2f879> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tmackinnon.com/xx/true-color-composite | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.86538 | 145 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Last modified: 2012-09-15 by klaus-michael schneider
Keywords: moenchengladbach | per pale | crozier(silver) | cross(black) | chief | fess | counterembattled |
Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors
[Quoting a German source]:
Mönchengladbach seit dem 7.2.77 r-y-r (1:4:1) im gelben Felde das zur Stange hin verschobene Wappen: "Unter rotem Schildhaupt, darin ein silberner Wechselzinnenbalken, gespalten von Blau und Gold, vorn eine silberne Abtkrümme, hinten ein durchgehendes schwarzes Kreuz".
Mönchengladbach since 2nd February 1977 red-yellow-red (1:4:1): in the yellow field, displaced toward the hoist, the coat of arms: "Under a red chief, on which is a silver counterembattled fess, the field is divided per pale blue and golden (=yellow), and shows a silver abbot's crozier, behind a black cross throughout."
According to Stadler 1972, p.70 the flag is yellow-blue. However the city's arms changed after the book was published.
See International Civic Arms Ralf Hartemink's website] so the flag changed too.
Stefan Schwoon, 25 Feb 2001
From Ralf Hartemink's International Civic Arms website:
Mönchengladbach got city rights in 1364 from Duke William V of Jülich. In the early 16th century the image of St. Veit, the patron saint of the local Benedictine abbey is added. The abbey also gave the town part of its name. (...)
After the merger in 1974 [with Rheydt and Wickrath] the arms were changed. The upper part of the new arms is taken from Wickrath [arms of the Lords (later Counts) of Quadt-Wickrath, who ruled in the 17th century], the saint is replaced by the crozier, to represent the abbey in Mönchengladbach and the cross is taken from the arms of Rheydt [the arms of the Lords of Bylandt-Rheydt, who owned the village since 1500].
Source: Stadler 1972, p.70 and Nagel 1986.
back to index of Northrhine-Westphalia county-free cities and counties page click here | <urn:uuid:2e6f3b18-b021-4af3-acb4-81c0b0ece853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fotw.info/flags/de-nw-mg.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.754009 | 578 | 2.390625 | 2 |
If you’re like most people, you simply can’t pass up the opportunity to partake in a piece of chocolate (or five). Some have even said that chocolate melting on the tongue is better than a kiss. But why do we love chocolate so much?
Our cravings can be traced to two places: Our guts—studies have shown that chocolate lovers have different bacteria in their intestines than non-chocolate lovers—and our brains. We crave chocolate because eating it results in the production of opioids, which dull pain and increase levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain’s reward system that helps us experience pleasure. (Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines work directly on the dopamine system.)
Chocolate can have many health benefits in moderation, but often, people can’t stop popping truffles—and scientists might know why. In a recent study, researchers working with rats injected a drug directly into the neostriatum, a region of the brain primarily associated with movement. When the rats began to eat M&Ms, a naturally occurring chemical produced in that region of the brain, called enkephalin, surged, increasing the rats’ desire to eat the candies. The animals ate twice the number of M&Ms they would have eaten normally.
Alexandra DiFeliceantonio, a researcher at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor who ran the study, says this same area is active when obese people see food, or when drug users take in a drug scene. “This means that the brain has more extensive systems to make individuals want to overconsume rewards than previously thought,” she said. "It seems likely that our enkephalin findings in rats mean that this neurotransmitter may drive some forms of overconsumption and addiction in people." | <urn:uuid:6e32ee25-3237-4486-963c-ed93e3441d25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/12733/why-do-we-crave-chocolate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947488 | 374 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Loss to follow-up (LTFU) has been widely known to be a problem of clinical settings most especially in HIV/AIDS interventions such as Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission and other related treatment programmes. However it is also becoming a serious concern in maternal and newborn healthcare (MNH). Reducing maternal and newborn mortality requires focusing on interventions at both health facility and community level. This necessitates following up mothers and newborns after hospital. But this requires knowledge of their locations, an effort that has met various challenges. Having been involved in designing follow-up protocols for various maternal and newborn studies in eastern Uganda, I have noticed that LTFU challenges cut across rural and urban areas. These can be grouped into two categories including: information system and socioeconomic challenges.
Follow-up in maternal and newborn care begin with knowing who to follow up and so necessitates capturing of vital identification details. However the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) registers as primary tools of data collection limit this to Village, Person names and Telephone contacts. This information system allows one-time data capture and will capture details of mother-newborn pair as at time of birth. However, people change locations after delivery. This has been very common among teenage mothers and urban populations. We have observed teenagers moving to be nursed by their mothers and moving back to their husbands in 2-3 weeks after delivery, Women moving from rural areas for short stay near hospitals for delivery and moving back shortly after birth.
All these changes in location are never captured in the system to facilitate possible follow-up during outreaches. Where newborn follow-up clinics are established at facilities, the HMIS has no protocol for updating previous records captured at delivery instead a new set of records is captured. This makes data linkage a problem with a lot of duplication and un-matching patient identification numbers. The would be chance to update the system is during the postnatal care (PNC) visit but this important visit is rarely honored by both urban and rural women. This causes a big drop from retrospectively generated sample lists thereby causing a big gap of LTFU. This further affects the outreaches as women are untraceable in the wider village. Where more identifiers like next of kin, physical location descriptions and more than one telephone number are captured for prospective follow-up, these efforts have often been affected by a wider range of socioeconomic differences;
In rural areas a big proportion of telephone contacts become irrelevant as they are never on due to lack of electricity to charge the batteries. Solar systems as source of electricity is far from reach while it sounds like a dream for most rural poor. Mobile telephone coverage is still low in rural areas and sometimes the given numbers are for relatives living far in different geographic locations. The names of mothers add to the big challenge. Mothers in the community are commonly referred to by their firstborns like “Mama X” and real names are never known in the community. Where paternity of the baby is doubtable, real names of are often hidden. Lack of real names makes the information system irrelevant for follow-up.
Also given high poverty levels among urban poor, struggling for shelter leads to rampant migrations due to various reasons ranging from high rental dues and moving nearer to better job opportunities. To some extent domestic violence has also contributed to migrations among rural and urban households thus making follow-up of mothers and newborns in community a big challenge.
That said, more precise approaches have been tested to reduce LTFU challenges. The commonest one is attaching a village health team (VHT) member or also known as community health worker (CHW) to each mother/s in that village. CHWs have been found to be more in-touch with mothers. Designs that have used this approach have reported less gaps in follow-up. Relatedly, some maternal – newborn cohorts have gone advanced and invested in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map out geographic locations of women and newborns, roads and physical infrastructure surrounding locations to be followed-up. Some have added a “Notice-to migrate” where a mother leaves a notice at the current location detailing her new location. This helps with the capture of new location into the GIS. Geographic visualization provides a precise and quick display of spatial orientation of populations by location, name, and routes to those locations/homes.
Location of mother and newborn is an important factor in delivering maternal and newborn healthcare. Government should take interest in this by improving and investing into more precise information systems at national scale that enable short and long term location and follow-up of mothers and newborns after hospital. We should start thinking of National Street coding, household numbering and geo-referencing of all households. Loss to follow-up will become easier if all women have a house reference number that can be captured during antenatal care and referenced at delivery and discharge. This will facilitate smooth follow-up and enable bringing care much more closely to mothers and newborns after delivery thereby reducing mortality.
*** The writer Mr. Darious Kajjo is a GIS specialist working as a Field data coordinator with Preterm Birth Initiative East Africa (PTBi) in Uganda. Originally posted on MNHR. | <urn:uuid:d158c719-626f-4837-b647-c6b756fca808> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/blog/loss-follow-maternal-newborn-care-experience-communities-way-forward/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.956204 | 1,061 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. He is most known as the USA's first populist president (he was a champion of the rights of white male commoners at a time when Aristocratic elites were running the government for their own benefit), and the first President elected by the Democratic Party. Jackson helped take down a corrupt national bank that served moneyed elites rather than ordinary people. He was also very brutal to native Americans, or at the very least, refused to keep States from being brutal to Indigenous peoples..
War and duels
Andrew Jackson may have been America's most bad-ass President. He was born the son of common Scottish immigrants. Jackson had been in the Revolutionary War at age 13. After the war, he continued his education and became a lawyer, planter, and politician on the western frontier. He supposedly was present at the treason trial of his friend and colleague Aaron Burr, and let it be known that he would challenge any man who had a bad word to say about Burr (and got no takers). He fought numerous duels, and in one case allowed himself to be shot in the chest in order to take careful aim and dispatch his opponent, Charles Dickinson, who had a reputation as one of the finest shots and most dangerous duelists in America. Jackson later became the General of the Southern Army which defeated combined British and Native forces during the War of 1812 (or not, since the battle took place after the War was ended and before Folks in Louisiana knew). His most famous victory was the battle of New Orleans.
Andrew Jackson is also known for forcing thousands upon thousands of Native Americans down the Trail of Tears, thus killing the majority of the Cherokee Tribe, one of the USA's closest friends for much of its history. Hypocritically Jackson had a slogan, "Power to the people." He meant "Power to ordinary white men." He didn't care about Native Americans (publicly, anyway. He did adopt a native son, Lyncoya) and kept slaves.
Jackson is also credited with having created the spoils system in American politics, which essentially began the practice of granting "political favors." In Fact, the political appointments had been happening since the beginning of the Federal Government, but no populist had been able to use it prior to Jackson (even Aaron Burr hadn't been allowed to make any appointments in the first Jefferson term). The populism of Jacksonian Democracy upset the aristocratic elites who had been empowered, in previous administrations. Many who had supported the Democratic-Republicans left the party and joined their conservative brethren in forming the Whig Party.
Andrew Jackson's face appears on the twenty-dollar bill. Some people think his face should be removed from it, and some people intend that it soon will be.
The problem is that Republicans are very conflicted about the whole issue now that they're allied with nativist and racist and reactionary factions. Jackson was a slave owner and racist, so they could potentially get some cover by replacing him. They might get folks to forget the First Democratic Party President was the most badass President ever, and the only Republican President even close to as bad-ass as Jackson quit their Party to become a Progressive. On the other hand, the person replacing Jackson on the double sawbuck is pretty badass too, but really hard for their nativist, racist, and reactionary factions to accept.
Was Andrew Jackson Liberal or conservative?
Viewed from our time, and with our understanding of Politics and Economics, Andrew Jackson's policies seem pretty elitist. However, Andrew Jackson was a liberal. Jackson's policies advanced the cause of Representative Government, Universal Rights, Federalism v. Nationalism, elimination of Aristocratic and Elite privilege, and elimination of Regressive Taxation.
Pros & Cons
- Fought against the corrupt National bank
- Last American Revolutionary War veteran (first POW POTUS)
- Hero at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812
- Reduced the National Debt to $33,733.05
- Paid off the national debt for one whole year
- Aggressively ambitious, personally, militarily and politically
- Indian Removal Act
- Trail of Tears
- By dissolving the National Bank he may have allowed a country-wide depression in his successor's term.
- The Nullification Crisis
- Created the Spoils system.
- Fervently pro-slavery.
- Had a terrible temper.
- Had a gambling problem.
- Fought in a multitude of duels and killed several people.
- Broke numerous campaign promises. | <urn:uuid:0a01b4c6-69e5-4e82-8f1f-083c32ba1df5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://liberapedia.fandom.com/wiki/Andrew_Jackson | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980619 | 956 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Superdots Small Dot Markers 12pcs
Tip is 10mm and 40ml
With free apron & gloves
Coloring and drawing plays a vital role in a child’s development in many essential skills such as concentration, fine motor and coordination for writing and more importantly, it corrects finger grip. As each box contains 8 beautiful and vivid colors, kids will be more inclined to let their imagination run free in drawing, coloring and doodling.
This set of dot markers are ergonomically designed for little hands to hold, allowing for hours of creativity and fun. Children will effortlessly learn about colours, letters, numbers, shapes and so much more! As the markers can be easily washed off from skin and clothes, they can also be used on books, whiteboards, mirrors, windows, among others. The most important detail is that these markers are made with non-toxic materials and are safe for children.
8 AMAZING COLORS : Draw with a variety of colors, never worry about leaks or spills, and the premium quality ink dries in seconds!
DOT MARKERS SAFE for KIDS: Even if your kids get this paint marker daubers all over their hands, you can smile away your worries. These dot marker pens are completely safe for kids, and are made with non-toxic and eco-friendly materials.
IDEAL SIZE AND SHAPE: Keep those small hands healthy and happy! Kid-friendly size and non-slip grip make these bingo markers comfortable for hours of artistic inspiration!
GREAT GIFT FOR EDUCATION AND FUN: What hidden talents does your little one have? From developing better hand-eye coordination to developing confidence and color recognition, the educational possibilities are endless for every child. Give the gift of color today! | <urn:uuid:561db25b-a49c-4c7e-8248-1b2df39cfe3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://babyhub.com.ph/products/superdots-small-dot-markers-12pcs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926569 | 370 | 1.625 | 2 |
Summary: A Weather & Meteorology Expert Witness allowed to testify, in part, in fire litigation caused by lightning despite objections from the plaintiffs that his testimony would not assist the trier of fact.
Facts: This case (Philmar Dairy, LLC et al v. Armstrong Farms, et al – United States District Court – District of New Mexico – July 12th, 2019) involves a dispute over the delivery of alfalfa hay. The plaintiffs allege that the defendant did not deliver over 2,500 tons of hay and did not refund the money to the plaintiffs. The defendants state that a fire caused lightning destroyed the hay. The plaintiffs state that the defendants fabricated the existence of the fire. The defendants hired Dr. Elizabeth Austin (Weather & Meteorology Expert Witness) to provide testimony. The plaintiffs have filed a motion to exclude this expert from testifying.
Discussion: The court notes that Dr. Austin was retained by the defendants to opine on the likelihood that lightning struck on or near the disputed hay around the time the defendants say that the fire began. Dr. Austin analyzed storm reports, temperature reports, radar data, weather forecasts, and other information to come to her conclusion that she is 99% sure that lightning struck within certain confidence ellipses near the hay.
The plaintiffs argue that the court should exclude Dr. Austin’s testimony because it will not help the jury decide the case and that its probative value is outweighed by the likelihood that it will confuse the jury. The court opines that Dr. Austin’s opinion on lightning strikes occurring after the early morning of August 24th are not relevant, but will allow Dr. Austin’s testimony about lightning strikes between August 22nd and the early morning of August 24th.
The court also opines that Dr. Austin will not be allowed to testify that lightning caused the fire. The court also opines that Dr. Austin will be allowed to testify that “lightning struck within certain confidence ellipses near the hay and that the weather conditions at the time were conducive to fire.”
The question that the court currently asks is whether the proposed testimony would help the jury. The court opines that Dr. Austin’s testimony about lightning strikes between August 22nd and the early morning of August 24th is relevant. The court also notes that there is no testimony that the fire occurred at any time after the early morning of August 24th.
In addition, the court opines that the court does not believe that Dr. Austin’s testimony would usurp the jury’s role of evaluating a witness’s credibility.
Conclusion: The motion to exclude the expert witness testimony of Dr. Elizabeth Austin is granted in part and denied in part. | <urn:uuid:6d9869cb-8cc0-4b4e-b6cc-4775966ce1f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.expertwitnessblog.com/weather-meteorology-expert-witness-testimony-allowed-in-part/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949207 | 560 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Let’s build our first program. The goal is to have one node saying Hello World on startup.
Therefor you need to create a node type we’ll call myNode and a method.
The method init() is called by the framework when a node starts. Think of this method as a constructor.
Open an editor and save the following code in a file named helloWorld:
On Linux you open a terminal in the folder you saved the file in and start the program with
On Windows you double click Launcher.jar, enter your file as source code file and press Run Simulation.
Alternatively you can open a command line and enter
java.exe -jar Launcher.jar helloWorld to fill the field already.
You may ignore the other fields for now.
Every time you change your code, you need to close the simulation and restart it.
If you have any syntax issues in your code, the launcher will tell you. Otherwise the simulation framework will start with a window opens looking like the following picture. It’s called the main window.
You see three areas. The upper left one is for administrating the simulation. It starts with an area for generating nodes.
You see your type from the code file. Select that type, set the number of nodes to 1, make sure autostart is checked and press Create.
Now different things happen. First another window, the so called visualization window, opens showing the graph of connections between the nodes in the simulation. You only have one node without any connection currently, so you just see one point here.
In the upper right area you now see the controll for a single node. We’ll come back to that later.
In the lower area you see output from the nodes and the simulation framework. Here you see the new node saying “Hello World”.
Great, you just created your first simulation. | <urn:uuid:87fe49f0-69f9-4e62-9c7a-38b6f2266d99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://netsimlan.org/tutorial/first-program.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.870924 | 418 | 2.703125 | 3 |
We invite submissions from historians working in all fields and scholars of related disciplines. Submissions might address but are not limited to the following questions: How has resistance been defined and expressed, and by whom? What are the political dynamics at work in histories of resistance? Are histories of resistance stories of progress? How have certain narratives about resistance been lauded or dismissed by scholars and why? How should historians write and teach about resistance?
Paul Ortiz (University of Florida) will be the keynote speaker. Professor Ortiz is the author of Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920 (2005) and the forthcoming book, An
African American and Latinx History of the United States (January 2018). Professor Ortiz is also the Director of the Samuel Proctor Oral History Program.
Interested graduate students should send a paper proposal of no more than one page (250 words), and an updated CV to Bonnie Ernst (firstname.lastname@example.org) by January 16, 2018. A Northwestern history faculty committee will select the papers. Conference papers will be ten to twelve pages double-spaced, and due by Wednesday, April 4, in order to allow time for circulation to the commentators. Presentations will run 10 min. | <urn:uuid:c3cdfa1d-31d6-42f6-9e0d-ff6c5fd20838> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2017/12/resistance-in-history-graduate-student.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931219 | 272 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Instructors:Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes Dr. Linda M. Collins, NIH; Dr. David Spiegelhalter, NIH
Facilitated by: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes
Engage the community in thought-provoking discussions to challenge what we think we know and to think critically about our role in today"s research environment.
Identify methods for presenting potential benefits and harms of treatments and lifestyle choices in a balanced and transparent way, using numbers and graphics, and emphasizing the role of interactive animations and videos.
Explore preferences and understanding of different presentation formats to individualize intervention methods
Review an alternative approach to intevention called the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST), an engineering-inspired framework for developing, optimizing, and evaluating behavioral interventions. | <urn:uuid:f6091470-9890-4bcb-a882-54360ea64666> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allceus.com/member/cart/index/product/id/381/c/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.842796 | 164 | 2.578125 | 3 |
In the competitive world today people spend more than half of their lives working day and night for some or the other reason. Though it gives them good financial rewards and gratification of their desires yet what suffers a big setback is their health. This is because individuals fail to pay significant heed to health, the most crucial aspect of their lives. But being occupied is not the only factor in deteriorating health. Reasons like environment, epidemics, natural calamities etc. also contribute largely to fading human health.
Keeping in mind the precariousness of human fitness and the immensely expensive medical treatments available nowadays, health insurance has become the need of the hour. Health insurance is an ideal way to care for your health. A health insurance policy enables you to have the best medical therapy for your illness at any point of time.
The American health care system provides four basic health plans. These are HMOs, PPOs, POSs, and Free-for-Service (Indemnity) Plans.
1. HMOs Plans- these plans are least expensive of all and are offered by Health Maintenance Organizations. In case you avail this plan, you are required to pay for every health related service in advance in the form of monthly premiums. HMOs cover a spectrum of health problems such as dental, vision etc. HMOs provide a list of service providers to all its subscribers. The latter is required to choose from these a so called “primary care giver” who will be supervising or coordinating his health care.
2. POS plans- these are HMO plans that give you the freedom to have a health care of your own choice. These plans are a little pricier than the HMO ones. Here it is not mandatory to go with the referrals from your primary care physician. But if you desire to abide by the HMO plan system per se, you can even do that. In case you opt for services outside the HMO or PPO networks, you will be served accordingly.
3. PPO Plans- Preferred Provider Organizations provides health care at discount rates. The PPO plans cost more than the two aforementioned. The PPOs cover a range of hospitals, doctors, clinics etc. The cost-sharing rate will be less within the network and more outside it. However unlike the HMO plans, PPO plans allow you to avail services from outside the network.
4. Fee for service plans or Indemnity plans are simple an easiest plans that compensate for each service you avail on case by case basis. For instance in case an emergency situation arises and you go for an ultrasound, the hospital needs to submit a claim to your insurance agency and you will be facilitated with the hospital expenses. But with a myriad of options and convenience the Fee-for Service plans come out to be most high-priced of all.
For further details you can surf the net and even get health insurance quotes online. This will save your time money and energy you would spend in consulting an agent. | <urn:uuid:54bb8506-1198-4686-88a8-e507eea4c41a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hasenchat.dance/health-insurance-explained-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953361 | 607 | 2.21875 | 2 |
In our country, income tax is collected from individual taxpayers through a slab system that has different rates assigned to various slabs. The trend is that the tax rates keep getting higher as the income slab increases. These tax slabs are revised in every budget.
Understanding Current Tax Slabs and the New Regime
The taxation method our country follows is a progressive one, which means that the more you earn, the more you pay in the form of tax. The applicability of income tax depends on different factors like residential status, age of individual, income and category.
The new section 115BAC was inserted in the budget 2020 by the tax department to introduce an original concept of the tax regime. This states that from the financial year 2020-2021 (the assessment year 2021-22) an individual and Hindu Undivided Family will have the option to choose between the old and new tax regime. Both the old and new regimes have different tax slabs and their associated exemptions and deductions.
Individual taxpayers are divided into three categories based on their age-
- Resident and non-resident Individuals below 60 years
- Senior citizen residents (includes individuals within the age group 60 years and 80 years)
- Super senior citizen residents (includes individuals above 80 years)
If citizens belonging to the senior or super senior category choose to adopt the new tax regime, then the perks of higher exemption limit will not be available to them. This means the exemption limit of Rs 3 lakh for senior citizens and Rs 5 lakh for super senior citizens will not be offered to citizens of these categories by the new regime. So, under the new optional system, the fundamental limit of exemption for all taxpayers will remain fixed at Rs 2.5 lakh.
Based on the new budget, if a taxpayer chooses to follow the new regime, then his income will be taxed in the following manner-
|Total income per year||Income tax rate|
|Up to Rs 2,50,000||0|
|From Rs 2,50,001 to Rs 5 ,00,000||5%|
|From 5,00,001 to Rs 7,50,000||10%|
|From Rs 7,50,001 to Rs 10,00,000||15%|
|From 10,00,001 to Rs 12,50,000||20%|
|From 12,50,001 to Rs 15,00,000||25%|
|Above Rs 15,00,000||30%|
Individuals who have a net taxable income in the Rs 2,50,001 to Rs 5,00,000 income bracket are eligible to avail a tax rebate amounting to Rs 12,500. This is under the section 87A of the Income Tax and is applicable for both the current and the new tax regimes. So, this means that individual taxpayers who have net taxable income in this income bracket will carry on with paying zero tax.
When you are considering which tax regime you wish to choose, you need to consider some crucial points. Under the new tax, you will not be able to avail certain benefits like the deductions that are permitted under section 80C. Section 80C allows a tax deduction of a maximum sum of Rs 1.5 lakh for investments made in specific instruments and other expenditure. You will also not be eligible for tax exemption under section 80D for medical insurance. Other exemptions like house rent allowance, conveyance, children education allowance, leave travel allowance, and others will also not be offered in the new tax regime.
Individuals who choose the existing tax regime for themselves will continue to pay tax at the same rates for the financial year 2020-21 as they do for the financial year 2019-20. So, the Income-tax slab for senior citizen effectively remains the same. The new tax proposals will be passed by the parliament soon and are scheduled to come into effect from 1st April 2020.
If we go by the current income tax slabs, resident individuals below 60 years are taxed in the following way. Individuals with a taxable income of up to Rs 2.5 lakh are exempt from tax, 5% tax is charged for people who have incomes that fall between Rs 2,50,001 to Rs 5 lakh, 20% is charged if the salary ranges from Rs 5,00,001 to Rs 10 lakh. For income that goes upwards of Rs 10 lakh, 30% tax is levied.
Senior citizen Tax Slabs
Income Tax Slabs for Senior Citizens (from 60 years up to 80 years old) for the Financial Year 2019-20 (the Assessment Year 2020-21)
|Income Tax Slabs||Tax Rate for Senior citizens (60 Years and above but less than 80 Years)|
|Up to Rs 3,00,000*||0
|From Rs 3,00,000 – Rs 5,00,000||5%
|From Rs 5,00,000 – 10,00,000||20%|
|More than Rs 10,00,000||30%|
You should note that on the tax amount calculated based on the above rates, an extra 4% cess will apply to Health & education. If senior citizens opt for the current tax regime, they will continue to pay the same taxes for the next financial year (2020-21).
Let us understand how tax is calculated for a senior citizen with the help of an example. Let us assume that a senior citizen earns a salary of Rs 4, 00,000. The standard deduction applied on this is Rs 50,000, so the income is Rs 4,00,000 – Rs 50,000= Rs 3,50,000. The senior citizen also earns an income from house property amounting to Rs 2, 50,000 and earns Rs 50,000 from fixed deposit interest. Adding the three of these up will give us a total gross income of Rs 6, 50,000. If we consider deduction under 80C (Rs 1.5 lakh), the taxable income now becomes Rs 5, 00,000. According to the table above, the income tax rate is 5%, which is calculated at Rs 10,000. According to section 87A, the tax rebate applied in this case is of Rs 10,000, so the tax this senior citizen has to pay is nil.
Tax Slabs for Super Senior Citizens
Income Tax Slabs for Super Senior Citizens (80 Years Old Or More) for the FY 2019-20 Financial Year 2019-20 (the Assessment Year 2020-21).
|Income Tax Slabs||Tax Rate for Super Senior Citizens (80 Years and above)|
|Up to Rs 5,00,000*||0|
|From Rs 5,00,000 – 10,00,000||20%|
|More than Rs 10,00,000||30%|
If a super senior citizen opts for the current tax regime, he or she will continue to pay the same taxes for the next financial year (2020-21).
Things to Keep in Mind
- According to the announcement of budget 2019, the income tax slabs and applicable rates have not been altered.
- A rebate amount of Rs 12,500 is offered under section 87A to all taxpayers who have taxable income amounting to Rs 5 lakh.
- The standard deduction applicable for the financial year 2019-20 is Rs 50,000.
Frequently Asked Questions
- How to calculate tax liability?
The tax liability applies to the income calculated after deductions and other tax-exemptions.
- How do I pay taxes?
You can pay tax both offline and online. The offline method requires you to visit a bank and fill up a challan and pay the tax amount. You can also pay taxes using any of the authorized bank’s net banking facility.
- What is the period on which income tax is calculated?
Income tax is calculated on a person’s annual income. The period from 1st April to 31st March of the next year is calculated as one year according to the Income Tax Law.
- How do I know the details of my tax payment?
After the tax applicable to you is deposited, the total amount of tax that has been deposited against your PAN will be displayed in Form 26AS. The statement can be downloaded from your account from the income tax website. | <urn:uuid:ccd4ad83-0006-4b95-a840-4fb9b28bda59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.angelone.in/knowledge-center/income-tax/senior-citizen-tax-slab | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946046 | 1,716 | 2.65625 | 3 |
- Reviews (8)
Purpose & Benefits
The Vector PULSE is our leading TENS & EMS Muscle Stimulator device. The Vector PULSE is able to connect to your phone via bluetooth and our interactive app allowing you to customise your treatment to your exact needs.
Muscle stimulation, minus the guesswork
The accuracy of pad placement, intensity level, and session time of any muscle stimulation is critically important for safety and efficacy. That’s why the Vector PULSE allows for every setting to be customised, all to help find the precise combination for you.
Behind the technology: What is TENS and NMES?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) send electronic pulses to stimulate your motor nerves. This is done by creating muscle contraction and stimulating sensory nerves to temporarily relieve pain.
The powerful benefits of muscle stimulation
Improve Performance – PULSE stimulates slow and fast twitch muscle fibers, contracting them to mimic training, enhance strength, and improve performance.
Natural Pain Relief – TENS stimulates sensory nerves to temporarily relieve pain and help release endorphins, your body’s natural painkillers. NMES increases circulation, helping to clear away metabolic waste, further reducing soreness.
Speeds Up Recovery – Smart recovery settings combine TENS and NMES to work together to reduce soreness and restore the performance of the muscle. NMES contracts the muscle, increasing the delivery of oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to kickstart the recovery process.
The smarter the technology, the safer and more effective the treatment.
- Vector PULSE
- 1x Large Electrode Pad
- 2x Small Electrode Pad
- 1x Magnetic Connector Wire
- Vector PULSE Charger USB Cable
VECTOR PULSE REQUIRES A SMART PHONE TO WORK. | <urn:uuid:60eb2d13-3879-4a1a-97dd-bab464609d43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medimart.com.au/product/vector-pulse-bluetooth-tens-ems-muscle-stimulator/?add-to-cart=124754 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.80437 | 402 | 1.664063 | 2 |
About a month ago I noticed a new advertising campaign that Always, a Proctor and Gamble company, produced titled, #LikeAGirl, and naturally I was curious. Growing up, I had heard this phrase several times around friends, school mates, and from coaches. This campaign has emphasized the importance that phrases and words can have in advertising and has become more than just a way to sell a product, but a movement.
Always is trying to change the way “like a girl” is used. To do something “like a girl” has had a negative connotation for decades due to traditional upbringing and was often used to motivate boys. In the video that kick-started the campaign, both men and women of all ages were asked to perform different actions such as “run like a girl,” “fight like a girl,” or “throw like a girl”. When asked, both men and women and the young boy reacted with over-exaggerated movements, looking silly and unpractical. Yet the younger girls ran around the studio, punched the air or acted like they were throwing a ball as far as they could.
Always has gone a step further than just releasing a video for the campaign. They have coined the hashtag #LikeAGirl and are encouraging women of all ages to share on Twitter what they can do “like a girl.” With the campaign, Always is challenging the way people perceive the phrase “like a girl” and is encouraging people to use the phrase in a positive way.
Words are powerful. They can be used to promote a new product, encourage a movement, or change a society’s perspective. Always is not the first company to use simple phrases to promote their brand. One of the most well-known phrases associated with a company would be, “Just Do It.” Nike emphasizes it doesn’t matter who or what takes place as long as it is what you enjoy. Coca-Cola’s new campaign, “Share a Coke with (fill in the blank)” encourages the public to do just that, share a Coke with a friend, soulmate or a specific person. Words are important; they are often the first thing a person remembers about a company. Why do you think so many companies have taglines?
With the campaign #LikeAGirl, Always is advertising to their target audience of young girls and mothers by not only talking to them but encouraging them to be #LikeAGirl.
To get ready for your next marketing campaign, “Say ‘I Do’ to a Marketing Campaign” includes some of the steps you’ll need to get started. | <urn:uuid:24c26179-66b2-4536-9bd7-f6cf8686586a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecallis.com/insights/general/like-girl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977344 | 556 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Willow & Sage by Stampington
By Kaetlyn Kennedy
Nettle Leaf Tea
Made from stinging nettle plants, organic nettle tea can help relieve seasonal allergy symptoms with it’s natural antihistamine. You reap all the benefits of antihistamine symptom relief without having to take conventional medicines. You can drink the daily as a preventative or as needed.
Spirulina & Other Superfoods
Spirulina is a superfood full of amazing plant nutrients, like iron, calcium, vitamin A and C, and protein. While great for overall health, spiraling may be beneficial during allergy season because it is high in antioxidants and has been shown too protect the body from anything that might compromise the immune system. It is high in chlorophyll and is detoxifying. Other superfoods like Kale, turmeric, mace powder, hemp, and flax are great for reducing inflammation and boosting your immune system.
A probiotic can help boost your gut and immune system health, which plays a big part in seasonal allergies. You can digest probiotics by eating fermented items like sauerkraut, and kombucha, or by taking a supplement. Make sure it is a high-quality probiotic from an organic source.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple Cider Vinegar is detoxifying and practically a remedy for everything. Taking as little as 1 tablespoon a day can help you feel and be healthier, which will, in turn, reduce your allergy symptoms. Make sure you purchase unfiltered organic Apple Cider Vinegar.
Essential oils, such as melaleuca, peppermint, lavender, frankincense, lemon, and eucalyptus, help with seasonal allergy relief. I like to fill a roller bottle with a carrier oil and 5-10 drops of each chosen essential oil. I apply this to my nose, on my temples, and behind my ears when I begin to feel swollen or puffy, as well as to the bottom of my feet. You can use these as needed as well as preventative. | <urn:uuid:31315d66-115b-4932-aa1d-1a37f98b3a33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lookingforthelight.blog/2019/07/22/natural-seasonal-allergy-relief/?like_comment=9968&_wpnonce=3ab6382be2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937097 | 438 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The City of Haven has issued a boil water advisory for the City of Haven public water supply located in Reno County. This advisory is being issued due to a loss of pressure. Inadequate pressure may result in a loss of chlorine residuals and bacterial contamination.
The advisory took effect on October 16 and will remain in effect until conditions which place the system at risk of contamination are deemed by KDHE officials to be adequately resolved.
Customers should observe the following precautions until further notice:
Boil water for one minute prior to drinking or food preparation, or use bottled water.
Dispose of ice cubes and do not use ice from a household automatic icemaker.
Disinfect dishes and other food contact surfaces by immersion for at least one minute in clean tap water that contains one teaspoon of unscented household bleach per gallon of water.
Water used for bathing does not generally need to be boiled. Supervision of children is necessary while bathing so that water is not ingested. Persons with cuts or severe rashes may wish to consult their physicians.
If your tap water appears dirty, flush the water lines by letting the water run until it clears.
Public water suppliers in Kansas take all measures necessary to notify customers quickly after a system failure. Regardless of whether it’s the supplier or KDHE that announces a boil water advisory, KDHE will issue the rescind order following testing at a certified laboratory. | <urn:uuid:f90acf2c-5145-446c-8014-4e626bb952c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ruralmessenger.com/kansas-community-news/haven/haven-boil-water-advisory-announced/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957717 | 285 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Use the Date Management tool to easily adjust all content and tool dates in your course.
Found in Control Panel > Course Tools, you can choose to adjust dates automatically or individually from one convenient location.
The first step of date management is to decide if you want the system to automatically adjust the previous or current course item dates to new dates.
Select Use Course Start Date or Adjust by Number of Days to adjust the date accordingly. You can also review all dates and adjust them later on the Date Management Review page.
Use this option when adjusting for new terms.
Adjust dates according to the course start date. The current start date is shown, along with the new course start date (pre-populated if available). If content was copied from an old course shell, the system detects this and automatically populates the Current Start Date. The New Start Date expects the new course start date and is automatically populated with the new course shell’s course start date (if set). The difference between the current and new dates provides the system with the offset days. All dates on copied course content are shifted by the offset days.
Example: If a due date was 10 days after the current start date, the offset days would move the due date to be 10 days after the “new” start date.
Note: Start dates are set at Control Panel > Customization > Properties.
Use this option when you know exactly how many days you want to adjust dates by.
Type the number of days you want to adjust all dates in the course by. This is based on the dates that are currently set for each item in the course, not today's date.
Example: On June 1 you adjust dates by 30 days. The assignment that was set to be due Sept. 1 is now due Oct. 1.
Note: Negative numbers move the dates back. Positive numbers move the dates forward.
Use this when you want to review dates before adjusting them.
Select this option to display a list of all content and tools with dates in the course on the Date Management Review page. Use this option to review all of the dates and analyze them for adjustment.
This page displays all content and tools with dates set in the course. Review all dates and adjust accordingly.
All items with dates are supported in Date Management. This includes:
Note: The task due dates are moved during the bulk move process, and they do appear in the Review and Edit Dates Screen.
Date Management does not support editing of due dates for tasks from the review and edit dates screen.
Use our contact form to submit a help ticket (you may be asked for your UBITName and password). After the form is submitted, a member of the UB Learns support team will follow up with you within one business day. | <urn:uuid:8cd0aa19-df5a-43e1-bd5e-25f3f1c10020> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buffalo.edu/ubit/service-guides/teaching-technology/teaching-services-for-faculty/ublearns/managing-courses/saving-and-reusing-courses/data-management.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.917123 | 570 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Globally, every 6 minutes a woman dies as a result of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is an illness, which only occurs in pregnancy, often resulting in high blood pressure (hypertension), leakage of protein into the urine (proteinuria), thinning of the blood (coagulopathy), and liver dysfunction.
WHAT IS PREECLAMPSIA?
Preeclampsia is an illness, which only occurs in pregnancy. Indeed, it is the most common serious medical disorder of human pregnancy. It is sometimes referred to as pre-eclamptic toxaemia (abbreviated to PET), and many years ago it was also known as “kidney fits”. Pre Eclampsia can affect both the mother and her unborn baby. It usually arises during the second half of pregnancy, and can even occur some days after delivery. In the mother, it can cause several problems of which she may be unaware – such as high blood pressure (hypertension), leakage of protein into the urine (proteinuria), thinning of the blood (coagulopathy) and liver dysfunction. Occasionally, Pre Eclampsia can lead to convulsions (fits), a serious complication known as eclampsia. Also, when a pregnancy is complicated by PE, the baby may grow more slowly than normal in the womb or suffer a potentially harmful oxygen deficiency.
HOW COMMON IS PREECLAMPSIA?
Pre Eclampsia can affect as many as 10% of pregnancies, which makes it one of the most common pregnancy complications. It occurs more often in first pregnancies. Occasionally, women who have suffered it once find that it recurs in one or more subsequent pregnancies, and rarely a woman who has not experienced it in earlier pregnancies may develop it in a subsequent pregnancy.
HOW DANGEROUS IS PREECLAMPSIA?
Preeclampsia is usually mild, but in 10% of cases (i.e. 1% of pregnancies), it is so severe that it represents a serious threat to the life of the baby and even the mother. Every year in Australia some 200 babies die because of preeclampsia, many of these as a consequence of premature delivery rather than the disease itself, as the only cure for Pre Eclampsia is delivery, irrespective of the stage of the pregnancy. Although deaths of mothers during pregnancy are rare events, Pre Eclampsia and its complications are among the most common causes of such tragedies. Worldwide, over 50,000 mothers die each year just from eclampsia, let alone the other complications of preeclampsia.
WHAT CAUSES PREECLAMPSIA?
The precise cause of preeclampsia is unknown. However, genetic factors are probably involved, given women whose mothers and/or sisters have suffered Pre Eclampsia are at increased risk of the disease themselves.
There is good evidence that the placenta is centrally involved in the development of preeclampsia. The placenta is a specialised organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy. It receives blood from the mother and transfers oxygen and nutrition from the mother across to the baby’s circulation, thereby helping the baby to grow and develop.
It seems that in preeclampsia, the placenta does not receive sufficient maternal blood for its requirements, which apparently results in a malfunction within the placental tissue. This malfunction produces factors that pass from the placenta back into the mother’s circulation. These factors damage the mother’s blood vessels, the result of which is increasing blood pressure. As well, kidney function is disturbed and blood proteins leak from the mother’s circulation through the kidney into the urine. As Preeclampsia worsens, other organs are affected, including the mother’s liver, lungs, brain, heart and blood clotting system. Dangerous complications such as eclampsia (convulsions), cerebral haemorrhage (stroke), pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs from heart failure), kidney failure, liver damage and thinning of the blood (disseminated intravascular coagulation) can occur in serious cases. However, these complications are fortunately rare.
CAN PREECLAMPSIA BE PREDICTED?
It is impossible to predict with certainty who will suffer from Pre Eclampsia. Every woman should be considered at risk in her first pregnancy, although the risk is greater for those with a strong family history of the condition. Younger mothers (teenagers) and older mothers (those over 35 years of age) may also be at increased risk in their first pregnancies. If Pre Eclampsia occurs in a first pregnancy, then it may on occasions recur in subsequent pregnancies, particularly if a woman is carrying multiple pregnancies, or has one of several chronic medical disorders, such as hypertension, kidney disease, diabetes, or lupus and other similar autoantibody diseases.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF PREECLAMPSIA?
Unfortunately, preeclampsia does not provide a susceptible woman with early warning symptoms or signs. The development of preeclampsia can best be detected by routine screening tests carried out at antenatal check-ups. A combination of rising blood pressure and protein in the urine suggests preeclampsia may be developing, although there are some other medical disorders that can give a similar picture. As yet, there is no precise diagnostic test for preeclampsia. However, if a previously healthy pregnant woman develops high blood pressure and proteinuria in the latter half of her pregnancy, then the diagnosis is almost always preeclampsia. Some swelling (oedema) is common in normal pregnancy, but excessive swelling which also involves the face can occur in preeclampsia. In severe preeclampsia, symptoms can appear, including severe headaches, visual disturbances (such as flashing lights), vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. While such symptoms may have other less dangerous causes, they should never be ignored during pregnancy.
CAN PREECLAMPSIA BE CURED?
The only cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby and with it the placenta, which is the seat of the problem. Such action is usually in the best interests of both mother and baby. However, if preeclampsia occurs early in the second half of pregnancy, while delivery solves the mother’s problems, it puts the baby at risk of complications of extreme prematurity.
HOW DOES PREECLAMPSIA AFFECT THE BABY?
The relative deficiency in the blood supply from the mother to the placenta limits the baby’s supply of nutrients and oxygen, which may lead to reduced growth of the baby (intrauterine growth restriction) and even oxygen deprivation. Therefore, once preeclampsia is present, close monitoring of fetal welfare is important to ensure such problems do not become serious. The timing of delivery in cases of preeclampsia which arise early in the second half of pregnancy can be particularly difficult, because a very premature fetus may be severely affected by preeclampsia, but on the other hand, cannot be certain of survival outside the womb either.
WHAT IS HELLP SYNDROME?
HELLP syndrome is the medical name given to a serious complication of preeclampsia involving a combination of liver and blood disorders. HELLP stands for H (haemolysis – red blood cell damage); EL (elevated liver enzymes – indicating liver damage); and LP (low platelets in the blood leading to a bleeding tendency). HELLP syndrome may be associated with other signs of preeclampsia, such as high blood pressure, protein in the urine and swelling of the hands, feet or face. However, this is not always the case, and this may make its diagnosis more difficult. Women with HELLP syndrome often complain of pain in the upper abdomen below the ribs, which is indicative of a tender liver. There may also be heartburn, vomiting and headache. The upper abdominal pain of the HELLP syndrome can be very severe, and is not relieved by simple remedies such as antacids, which would be the case if heartburn, for example, was the cause of the pain. HELLP syndrome symptoms can often be confused with other problems such as gallstones (cholelithiasis), inflammation of the gall bladder (cholecystitis) or liver inflammation (hepatitis).
As with the more typical cases of preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome can arise at any stage during the second half of pregnancy.
The diagnosis of HELLP syndrome can be made by blood tests that examine liver enzymes, red blood cells and platelets. As with typical Pre Eclampsia, delivery is required for cure of the HELLP syndrome, irrespective of the stage of the pregnancy and maturity of the baby. Because the HELLP syndrome can be associated with a bleeding tendency secondary to a deficiency of platelets, it may be necessary to administer platelet transfusions. This may be particularly important before undertaking any surgery, such as a Caesarean section.
ARE THERE ANY LONG-TERM EFFECTS FROM PREECLAMPSIA?
For most mothers, delivery will reverse all the effects of preeclampsia. Unfortunately, occasionally some organ damage (for example to the kidney) remains after the disease itself is cured. Although women who have suffered preeclampsia during pregnancy may develop high blood pressure later in life, this is thought to be caused by a genetic tendency to high blood pressure rather than to have been caused by the preeclampsia itself. Unless babies have suffered severe nutrient starvation or oxygen deprivation in the womb or have been troubled by complications of pre-maturity, it is currently thought that babies born of mothers who have suffered preeclampsia do not in themselves develop long-term health problems.
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE NEXT PREGNANCY?
Fortunately, most mothers who have suffered even severe forms of preeclampsia in their first pregnancies have perfectly normal subsequent pregnancies. Nevertheless, there is a small risk that the condition will recur, and so women who have suffered preeclampsia in a first pregnancy should be monitored more closely and more frequently than usual in subsequent pregnancies. If preeclampsia does recur, it usually does so in a milder form and at a later time in the pregnancy than on the first occasion.
However, women who have suffered the HELLP syndrome form of preeclampsia do seem to have a higher recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies, with some studies suggesting as many as 25% of these women suffering such recurrences.
Furthermore, women with medical problems such as chronic hypertension, renal disease, diabetes, lupus, and other autoantibody problems, and certain forms of inherited blood clotting disorders may also be at particular risk of recurrent Pre Eclampsia in their pregnancies.
CAN PREECLAMPSIA BE PREVENTED?
Preeclampsia does not seem to be a disease that can be prevented by regulating lifestyle factors such as what a woman eats, whether or not she smokes or drinks, how hard she works, how much exercise or rest she undertakes, how anxious or relaxed she is, and so on. However, there is some evidence which suggests that small doses of aspirin may prevent or delay the onset of preeclampsia in certain mothers at particular risk of the disease. This could be because small doses of aspirin may prevent clotting in the placenta and thereby improve blood flow through the placenta.
Moreover, there is also some evidence to suggest that calcium supplements may decrease the risk of preeclampsia, especially in mothers living in areas deficient in dietary calcium. Calcium may work under these circumstances by helping blood vessels to relax, thereby preventing hypertension.
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REDUCE THE RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA OR ITS RECURRENCE?
The best way to minimise the harm that preeclampsia may cause in pregnancy is to regularly attend for antenatal check-ups so that the chance of detecting preeclampsia in its earliest stages is optimised. If a woman is at particular risk of preeclampsia, then it would be wise for her to attend a specialist obstetrician or maternity hospital with skill and experience in the management of preeclampsia and its complications. Such women especially should consult with their doctors early in pregnancy, or even before pregnancy, to plan their antenatal care. All women should ensure that their blood pressure is checked regularly during pregnancy and that their urine is examined for the presence of protein. While small amounts of protein in urine specimens may be normal during pregnancy, amounts greater than a “trace” should not be ignored and should lead to further investigations to determine the cause of the proteinuria. Besides preeclampsia, attention may be drawn by this simple antenatal test to other pregnancy problems such as urinary tract infections.
Women should always report worrying signs or symptoms to their doctor during pregnancy. Often there may turn out to be no cause for alarm, but it is a simple matter to have a blood pressure measurement, a urine check, a blood test or other investigations or examinations to be sure that preeclampsia or some other pregnancy complication is not the cause of the symptoms or signs of concern.
HEART DISEASE AND STROKE RISK AFTER PREECLAMPSIA?
If you had high blood pressure or preeclampsia during pregnancy, you are at higher risk of heart disease and stroke compared to women who did not develop these conditions.
HOW CAN I SUPPORT AAPEC?
- Become a member
- Make a donation »click here
- Advocate and educate in your workplace and community
- Tell all pregnant women about PE
- Join in an AAPEC event, acknowledge World PE day in your community or workplace, attend an AAPEC seminar, etc. | <urn:uuid:8c3a9054-0ecf-46db-b9a5-9f7e9f590cc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aapec.org.au/what-is-preeclampsia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948894 | 2,887 | 3.421875 | 3 |
At the Brown County Library: Memoirs of rebellious Midwestern women
"Rebel Mother: My Childhood Chasing the Revolution" by Peter Andreas
Andreas was the youngest son of a 1950s rural Kansas traditional housewife-turned-radical feminist and activist. She uprooted her family, taking her youngest son with her; they traveled across three states and five countries, and Andreas attended more than a dozen schools during his elementary years, including in Detroit, Berkeley, Calif., Chile and Peru. Beginning with Andreas’ first memory — being whisked away from nursery school by his father before his mother arrived — readers are led chronologically through his unusual childhood. His mother had a laissez-faire parenting style, (she left her 16-year-old alone in a Berkeley commune when she moved the other two boys to South America) but their shared experiences forged a strong bond. Drawing on his mom’s diary entries to supplement his memories, Andreas provides a fascinating account of an atypical childhood.
"The Bride Price: A Hmong Wedding Story" by Nai Neng Moua
In Hmong culture, it’s traditional for a price to be given from the groom’s family to the bride’s for her hand in marriage. Similar to a dowry, this practice has carried from Asia to the U.S. with the refugees who found a home here after the Vietnam War. Moua lives in St. Paul, Minn., and thoughtfully insisted that a bride price not be paid prior to her wedding; this choice caused a rift in the family. With an even hand, Moua explores her family’s point of view alongside her own. It’s obvious to the reader she has a deep love for her family and culture — she wore traditional garments for the wedding that her family did not attend. Readers of this memoir will gain insight into the Hmong community and its traditions.
"Self-Made Woman: A Memoir" by Denise Chanterelle Dubois
Dubois, born in 1960s Milwaukee, came into the world named Dennis. She grew up as a boy but soon realizes her transgender identity. This frank memoir follows Dubois through her abused childhood and into adulthood, culminating in her gender reassignment surgery in China when she was almost 50 years old. Dubois writes in a matter-of-fact tone and doesn’t shy away from uncomfortable memories. Not all readers will be at ease with the specifics of her recollections as a sexual submissive and drug user, but she’s honest about her struggles with drug addiction and alcoholism prior to her surgery. This memoir offers insight to those who struggle with a transgender identity and how a supportive network can make a difference.
For more information about Wisconsin and Midwest authors, books and other related resources, visit the Brown County Library or call 920-448-4400. | <urn:uuid:8890c1b9-53f7-4a68-83d9-0215dd1e8b76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/life/2017/12/07/brown-county-library-memoirs-rebellious-midwestern-women/929194001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966902 | 596 | 2.09375 | 2 |
- Open Access
Freedom and happiness in nations: why the Finns are happier than the French
Psychology of Well-Being volume 4, Article number: 17 (2014)
Cross-national studies on happiness have revealed large differences, not only is average happiness higher in rich nations than in poor ones, but there are also sizable differences in happiness among rich nations. For instance, the Finns are happier than the French, while GDP per capita is similar in France and Finland. In this paper we discuss whether freedom can explain that difference. The Finns feel more free than the French do. Does this discrepancy in perceived freedom correspond to a difference in actual freedom? Following Bay, we distinguished three kinds of actual freedom: social freedom, potential freedom and psychological freedom. In a comparative analysis of 49 nations we find that actual freedom reflects only partially in perceived freedom and that all kinds of freedom have some independent relation with average happiness. Psychological freedom is most strongly related to happiness in rich nations. The Finns are happier than the French because they dare more to be free.
Comparative research on happiness shows, typically, that people live happiest in the richest nations of this world. This pattern was already visible in the first cross national in 1960 by Cantril () and has been replicated over and again on ever larger numbers of nations. A plot of happiness versus buying power in 138 countries in 2005 is presented in Figure 1. Happiness here is defined as life satisfaction as further explained in part 2.
Average happiness differs across rich nations
Happiness increases significantly with GDP in the first part of the graph, where the poor nations are situated, and reach a plateau around 18,000 dollars per capita. In these nations, sufficient individuals have a purchasing power high enough for economic affluence to have little influence on happiness; this represents 49 nations a. Among the rich nations, we see large differences in happiness among countries with the same purchasing power, e.g. more than two points between Hong Kong and Denmark, one point and a half between France and Finland.
Comparison between Finland and France
Let us consider this latter case in more detail. Finland and France are both affluent societies, with purchasing powers per capita that are very comparable ($32,153 for Finland versus $30,386 for France in 2005), yet with remarkable life satisfaction differences, as shown in Table 1. The difference in happiness is consistent: the French are not only less satisfied with their lives as a whole, they also feel less well affectively and see a greater difference between how their lives are and how they want it to be compared to the Finns. In short, this case represents one of the cases where two countries from the same civilization (western culture), with similar purchasing powers, present the highest difference in happiness.
This example illustrates that there can be large differences in happiness and its components at comparable economic development. So happiness depends on more than just wealth. What other factors can be involved? We considered other factors, widely regarded as the most important societal predictors for happiness, to be: quality of government, rule of law, social security, and inequality in income and between sexes (Ott ). Finland has a substantial advantage on government effectiveness and rule of law, a slight advantage in terms of sex inequality, both countries were comparable in terms of income inequality, while France was ahead in terms of social security. We saw differences in these factors, mostly in favour of Finland, but no difference seemed significant enough to explain this ‘happiness gap’. Results are summarized in Table 2 below.
Focus on freedom
What are the other factors that might be involved here? According to Verme (), a sense of freedom is the strongest predictor for happiness across nations. There are indeed sizable differences in perceived freedom among rich nations and the French feel less free than the Finns do (6.2 versus 7.5 on a ten-scale) ; however, one needs to be careful as this correlation might be inflated by a common response tendency , i.e. a tendency to answer less positively to any question. If no such distortion of responses is at hand, it is still possible that this difference in perceived freedom does not correspond with a difference in actual freedom. The French could be more perceptible for limitations to freedom than the Fins are, while they are in fact equally free is also possible that the difference is largely driven by happiness, unhappiness making people more prone to see their limitations than their opportunities. Thus we decided to investigate the freedom factor in greater depth.
Plan of this paper
We start by explaining what we mean by ‘happiness’ and next discuss the concept of freedom. Following Bay we distinguish several kinds of actual freedom and note the difference with perceived freedom. Next we analyze the relationship between these freedom variants and average happiness in 49 wealthy nations. We will then show that actual freedom, affects happiness, both directly and indirectly through perceived freedom. The difference between Finland and France fits that wider pattern.
2. Concepts and measures
The terms ‘happiness’ and ‘freedom’ are often used in political rhetoric, but are in that context seldom properly defined. Greater precision is required for this empirical analysis, both with respect to the concepts and for their measurement.
What is ‘happiness’ precisely? How can we measure happiness in nations?
The word ‘happiness’ is used in a number of ways. In this paper the word is used to denote a sense of satisfaction with life. Following Veenhoven () we define happiness as the degree to which someone evaluates the overall quality of his or her present life-as-a-whole positively. In other words, how much a person likes the life he or she lives.
When asked to appraise how much we like our life, we draw on two sources of information: how well we feel generally and how well our life-as-it-is meets our standards of how-life-should-be. These sub-appraisals are referred to as the ‘affective’ and ‘cognitive’ components of happiness, and called respectively ‘hedonic level of affect’ and ‘contentment’ (Veenhoven, ). In this paper we consider both overall happiness and these two components.
2. Measures of happiness in nations
Thus defined, happiness is something we have in mind, and things that are on our mind can be assessed using questioning. Questions designed to determine individuals happiness can be framed in many ways, both directly or indirectly, and using single or multiple questions. An overview of acceptable questions is available in the collection ‘Measures of Happiness’ part of the World Database of Happiness ([Veenhoven, 2014c]). Answers to the following frequently used questions on happiness provided the input data for the analysis presented in this paper.
A commonly used survey question on happiness is: ‘Taking all together, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?’, Please answer by ticking a number between 0 to 10, where 0 stands for most ‘dissatisfied’ and 10 for most ‘satisfied’. Responses to this question and equivalent questions are gathered in the collection ‘Happiness in Nations’ of the World Database of Happiness ([Veenhoven 2014d]). Together this yields comparable data on average happiness in 150 nations over the years 2000 to 2009, which are included in the data file ‘States of nations’ variable HappinessLS10.11_2000s in the data file ‘States of Nations’ (Veenhoven, [2014b]), which was used for this study.
The affective component of happiness is measured on the basis of responses to a series of questions as to how the respondent had felt the day before the questionnaire was administrated. This measure was used in the Gallup World Polls (Gallup, ). Typical questions are whether one had felt ‘depressed’, ‘stressed’ or had felt ‘well rested’ and ‘smiled a lot’ yesterday. Respondents could answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’. We computed an affect balance score per nation, subtracting the percentage of reported negative feelings from the percentage of positive feelings. The variable name in the data file States of Nations is HappinessYesterdayABS_2006.08.
The cognitive component of happiness is measured using the Cantril ladder (Cantril, ). In this case the respondent is presented with a picture of a ladder and then asked: ‘Suppose the top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder the worst possible life. Where on this ladder do you feel you personally stand at the present time?’. Answers are rated on a 11-step scale ranging from 0 to 10. The variable label in data file States of Nations is: HappinessBW11_2006.
What is ‘freedom’ precisely? How can that be measured in nations? Is there a difference between ‘actual’ freedom and ‘perceived freedom in nations?
In the broadest sense, freedom can be defined as the possibility for an individual to make choices, typically major life choices. The ‘possibility’ to choose requires first of all that there is an ‘opportunity’ to choose, which is an attribute of the environment in which an individual lives. Then, making a choice requires that an individual has the ‘capacity’ to choose, which is an individual attribute (Veenhoven ).
Following Bay () we further distinguish two aspects of the capacity to choose, which results in three kinds of freedom: social freedom, psychological freedom and potential freedom. Social freedom is about opportunity to choose and denotes absence of restriction by other people. Psychological freedom is about the capacity to choose and denotes absence of inner restrictions. Potential freedom is about information on possible choice options and awareness of external opportunities.
This difference in three kinds of freedom can be illustrated by the case of a prisoner in a cell with an unlocked door and a route to freedom. The prisoner can decide not to use that opportunity to escape because he or she foresees punishment. This is a case of social unfreedom. The prisoner can also decide to forego the escape opportunity because he or she does not dare to escape, preferring the security of the prison above the challenges of real life. This is a case of psychological unfreedom. Lastly the prisoner can miss out the escape opportunity because he or she did not know that the door was open. This is a case of potential unfreedom. In addition to actual freedom, there is perceived freedom. Though typically related, these kinds of freedom can diverge; one can think one is free while one is not, or think one is not free in spite of considerable choice. Both actual freedom and perceived freedom can affect happiness, possibly independently.
2. Indicators of freedom in nations
How can these three kinds of freedom be measured and compared across nations?
Below we present the available indicators for the three kinds of actual freedom in nations and check whether the conceptual distinction is reflected in the data. Full detail is presented on the technical appendix Table 3.
External restriction to choice can be measured in different domains. In this study we use available information on choice restrictions in the domains of economic life, political life and private life of citizens (or individuals within that nation).
Economic freedom is measured by absence of restrictions on business using available indexes that differ slightly in the aspects they cover. We combined three indexes to get an average “Economic freedom” index: the Economic Freedom of the World, the Heritage Index and the Freedom House Index. Indexes are detailed in Table 2.
Political freedom is measured using absence of restrictions for individuals to participate in the political process, such as civil liberties within a nation. Nation scores on these matters are gathered by Freedom House F (). Indexes for civil liberties are presented in Table 2.
Private freedom is measured absence of restrictions on choice in the personal sphere of life, such as travel, abortion and marriage, first gathered by Veenhoven ().
Data on the above mentioned indicators of social freedom were taken from the dataset ‘States of Nations (Veenhoven [2014b]) On that basis we calculated a comprehensive index of social freedom by adding the z scores of the indexes of economic freedom, private freedom and political freedom above and then the indicator was adjusted to a [0–1] range.
Psychological freedom is a lack of inner restrictions for seizing opportunities to choose. There are several such inhibitions and we do have data on the prevalence of some of the inhibitions in nations.
A first inner constraint is low self esteem. If you do not feel good about yourself, you will be less apt to take control. Self esteem is commonly measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, ) and average scores on that scale are available for 53 nations over the years 1965–2002 (Schmitt & Allik, ). The variable name is SelfEsteem_2002.
A second psychological restraint is acquiescence, that is, a tendency to agree with what other people say. This trait is measured using ‘yes-saying’ to survey questions and is commonly used as an indicator of response style. However, a strong tendency to agree to any question can also be seen as a ‘lack of guts’, i.e. a lack of psychological freedom. Data is available for 56 nations over the years 1980–2004 (Smith, ). The variable name in States of Nations is Acquiescence_2002.
We calculated a comprehensive index of psycholo gical freedom by adding the z scores of the two aspects, giving positive weight to self esteem and negative weight to acquiescence. The indicator was then adjusted to a [0–1] range.
As noted above, potential freedom is one’s awareness of opportunities. As such potential freedom in nations may be reflected by two indicators:
the number of newspapers per 1000 inhabitants
access to internet.
The indicator for potential freedom was calculated as the sum of these adjusted to a [0–1] range.
Total actual freedom
Finally, the indicator of actual freedom was calculated as the sum of social freedom, psychological freedom and potential freedom, adjusted to a [0–1] range.
Relationship between the three types of freedom in nations
We conducted a factor analysis in order to see how the different indicators presented above were connected to the three indices following Bay () classification. The results are presented in Table 4 below. We conducted first a factor analysis to determine the number of factors. Using the scree plot, three factors had an Eigen value superior than 1 and the slope was sharper after the third factor; this confirmed the prominence of three factors. The variance explained by these three factors is 76.3%. After a varimax rotation, we obtain the factor loadings shown in Table 5, values below 0.30 are not considered. Three factors load distinctively. Nonetheless, there are some overlaps between the different types of freedom; freedom to travel loads mainly on social freedom, but there is a small loading on factor 2, psychological freedom. Economic freedom 2 loads almost as much on factor 3, potential freedom as on factor 1, social freedom. Finally, the number of newspaper is loading mainly on potential freedom as expected, but it loads almost as much negatively on factor 2, psychological freedom.
Still the three factors reflect Bay’s taxonomy fairly well.
Perceived freedom in nations is the degree to which citizens feel they are in control of their life. The World Values Surveys contain a question on that matter that reads ‘Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use this scale where 1 means "none at all" and 10 means "a great deal" to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over the way your life turns out’. This variable is available for 85 nations between 1990 and 2005 and is labelled as FreeLife_1990.2005 in the data file States of Nations.
Let us now see how freedom and happiness relate in rich nations. Note that we do not report statistical significance of correlations; since our data cover almost all developed nations such test makes no sense.
1. Actual and perceived freedom
As shown in Table 5, the zero-order correlations of social, potential and psychological freedom with perceived freedom are equivalent (respectively + .32, +.29 and + .32) but small One interpretation is that our measures of actual freedom do not capture the limitations to choice very well. Another interpretation is that much of the perceived freedom is illusory.
2. Happiness and actual freedom
All correlations between happiness and freedom in Table 6 are positive, which means that freedom and happiness tend to go hand in hand. The zero-order correlations vary from modest in the case of psychological freedom (r = +.27) to strong in the case of potential freedom (r = +.60). The pattern changes dramatically when controlling for economic prosperity. Whereas the partial correlation of psychological freedom with happiness increases slightly from + .27 to +30, the correlations with social and potential freedom are largely wiped out. This means that the latter two kinds of freedom are a by-product of societal development, while psychological freedom is rather independent or even negatively correlated to societal development. In other words, social and potential freedom are part of a wider set of external conditions for happiness, while psychological freedom is about inner capability to deal with these conditions, which is not implied in these.
3. Happiness and perceived freedom
The strongest correlations in Table 7 are between happiness and perceived freedom in nations. The zero-order correlation is + .64, which fits the earlier analysis of Verme (). The partial correlation is somewhat lower, but with + .48 still sizable.
4. Paths from freedom to happiness
So all kinds of freedom correlate more or less with average happiness in nations, since these variants of freedom are inter correlated (cf. Table 5) one kind of freedom may affect happiness through the other. Below we report some attempts to disentangle these effects.
To what extent perceived freedom can be explained by actual freedom? We aggregate the z-scores of the three types of freedom and build an ‘actual freedom’ indicator, and calculate zero order correlations as well as partial correlations between actual freedom, perceived freedom and happiness. Results are presented in Figure 3 below. The link between actual freedom and happiness is the most important one. When controlling for actual freedom, the partial correlation between happiness and perceived freedom is much lower (r = +.40) than the zero order correlation, but it still does not explain everything. One reason might be that there is an illusory freedom that does not find echo in the ground of actual freedom. Another reason may again be that the indicators of actual freedom do not cover all opportunity to choose Figure 2.
As shown in the previous sections there are differences in actual freedom and in perceived freedom, and each correlate with happiness. Social freedom and potential represents the freedom of the environment in which individuals live; so we expect them to have a large influence on happiness, as largely depicted in the literature but not to be the main contributors of perceived freedom per se. Conversely, we expect perceived freedom to be more a mental construal than a result of the environment, hence we expect perceived freedom to be determined mainly by psychological freedom; therefore, the influence of psychological freedom on happiness should be mediated by perceived freedom. We expect 1) an influence of psychological freedom on happiness via perceived freedom and a direct effect, 2) a direct influence of social freedom on happiness, 3) a direct influence of potential freedom on happiness.
We checked this hypothesized path using AMOS 5.0. See Figure 3. This analysis suggests that the three types of freedom influence happiness equally (+.50, +.49 and + .51). There is also a direct effect of psychological freedom on perceived freedom. The hypothesized model showed a good fit with the data: χ2(3) = 3.52, NFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.06.
5. The case of Finland and France
How does this all fit the difference in happiness between Finland and France? Finland scores better on all aspects of freedom However, whereas the difference in social and potential freedom are not that dramatic, the differences in psychological freedom and perceived freedom are very strong, as shown in Table 7.
So much of the difference in average happiness between Finland and France seems to be in psychological freedom. This raises the question of what explains these disparities in psychological freedom. Socialization naturally comes to mind. Socialization is deeply embedded in a culture and involves several aspects. The first is parental rearing. When asked about what are the important values to teach a child, French parents, for instance, tend to be keener to answer "obedience" than their Finnish counterparts, 35% in France versus 28% in Finland. Finnish parents tend to value much more "independence", 57% in Finland versus 24% in France. We can imagine this has an influence on the psychological freedom for the inhabitants of rich countries.
A second explanation could be in education and we found a clue in teaching practices. Two kinds of teaching practices can be distinguished: horizontal teaching and vertical teaching (Algan et al. ). In horizontal teaching, children are encouraged to work in groups and self-motivate, in the vertical teaching lecturing and note taking is favoured. France has the most vertical teaching system whereas the Finnish system appears among the most horizontal ones. We can easily imagine that psychological freedom and feelings of freedom follow the same pattern and there is a link between teaching practices and happiness (Brulé & Veenhoven, Teaching practices and happiness in nations, in preparation).
Another possible explanation for the disparity in psychological freedom is religion. Protestantism dominates in Finland and Catholicism in France. Several studies have shown that Catholicism tends to foster hierarchical relations. The church is hierarchical in itself with its many different levels, pope, bishops, priests, monks, etc., that is led from the top down and where there is little room for interpretation. Protestantism, in contrast, sees less need for intermediaries between the believer and God and leaves the believer more freedom. Thus, the Catholic’s “top-down approach” will create less psychological freedom than the Protestant’s “bottom-up approach”. This viewpoint is explored in detail in Brulé and Veenhoven ().
It should be noted that the number of nations used here is fairly limited, with just above thirty countries for which full data set is available. This analysis should be replicated once more data become available.
The measurement of freedom in nations was not ideal either. Regarding social freedom, we were limited by the data available to build an indicator of personal freedom; a few indicators, especially the ones built by Humana (), were a grade from 1 to 4. While this might be fine to compare all nations, this is not the best indicator when comparing developed nations, as most of them have the best grade. Likewise, the results from the [World Values Survey] cannot be used as they are based on surveys, and our intention was to avoid a response factor effect and use objective data (i.e., either data that is either measurable or drawn from experts ratings). Therefore, we were limited in the construction of some indicators, particularly for personal freedom. This also means we need more objective indicators of types of freedom such as contraception, homosexuality or euthanasia.
Regarding psychological freedom, we used acquiescence and low self-esteem as a proof to lack of guts. We see self-esteem as a prerequisite to take risks and seize opportunities, which is congruent with the definition of psychological freedom. Likewise, acquiescence, which according to Schmitt et al. () is more present in the collectivistic cultures, obviously carries a cultural load and can be seen as a form of social code. Together with the social code, acquiescence carries a form of mental restrictions to answer bluntly. A way to complete this indicator would be to add a proper indicator of risk avoidance.
Finally, we feel our operationalization of potential freedom is decent. However, the way we defined these three types of freedom is just a first step. We certainly hope to see future improvement in the construction of these indicators.
This study reports a cross-sectional analysis and that method sets limits to identifying causality. Possibly part of the correlation is due to effects of happiness on freedom, rather than reversely and this is most likely to be the case with psychological freedom. Trend analysis can answer that question when more data points become available in the future,
Much of the difference in average happiness across rich nations is due to variation in freedom, not only perceived freedom, but independent of that also actual freedom and in particular psychological freedom. The Finns are happier than the French because they feel more free and are more free and their greater actual freedom is not only a matter of less restrictiveness in Finish society but also of greater guts to be free.
aRich nations are shown in Figure 1. 49 nations are included in this group: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guinea, Hong-Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States.
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The authors would like to thank Miranda Aldham-Breary for her English editing.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
GB and RV discussed the link between objective freedom, subjective freedom and happiness and agreed on a methodology. GB did the modelling and wrote the report reviewed by RV. GB and RV read and approved the final manuscript.
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Brulé, G., Veenhoven, R. Freedom and happiness in nations: why the Finns are happier than the French. Psych Well-Being 4, 17 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-014-0017-4
- Life satisfaction
- Perceived freedom
- Social freedom
- Psychological freedom
- Potential freedom
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NEW YORK—Fordham Law School will host an intriguing discussion titled, “Free Speech and the Constitution in an Age of Terrorism,” on Wednesday, Dec. 1, at 8:00 p.m. in the McNally Amphitheater, Fordham Law School, 140 W. 62nd St . Hosted by Fordham Law School’s Thane Rosenbaum, a novelist, essayist and law professor, the discussion with feature insights by Congressman Jerry Nadler, the New York Times’ national legal correspondent, Adam Liptak, Fordham Law School professor Thomas Lee and constitutional law scholar and author, Geoffrey Stone. The event is free and open to the public.
DATE: WEDNESDAY, DEC. 1
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PLACE: FORDHAM UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW
140 WEST 62nd ST.
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Fordham University School of Law was founded in 1905, and has more than 14,000 alumni practicing in all 50 states and throughout the world. Over the past 20 years, Fordham Law School has secured a place as a national leader in public interest law, legal ethics and human rights law. | <urn:uuid:7c151eca-8e46-4013-82ba-0ccf08068a6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.fordham.edu/law/panel-to-examine-free-speech-in-age-of-terrorism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926729 | 256 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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- Adult Program Unit
- Home/Field/Office Visits
- Interstate Transfer
- Grievance Process
- Office of Internal Affairs
- Earning Your Discharge From Parole
Community colleges offer several programs that can provide you with vocational training in fields like auto-repair, computers, carpentry and plumbing. In some cases, you may be able to enroll in these programs even if you do not have a high school diploma.
The road to a better career starts with enrolling in a career education program at a California Community College. If you are looking to acquire the skills you need to succeed, there is a program for you.
Our career education programs allow you to learn through real-life training from expert instructors and industry professionals.
Degree and Certificate Programs
California community colleges offer a wide variety of degrees and career certificates to meet the needs of students looking to improve their lives through education.
California community colleges assist students by providing a wide array of financial aid services and support.
Finding a Job
Getting a job should be one of your top priorities if you are capable of working. Though it may be a challenge to find work, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged. If you need assistance finding and keeping a job, the following information may be helpful to you:
America’s Job Center of California
WorkSource Centers provide Job Training Programs and Career Building Services for high-demand, high salary jobs in growing industries. WorkSource Centers also offer translation services in a variety of languages commonly spoken within Los Angeles, as well as assistance with childcare or bus passes to those who qualify.
These centers act as your personal employment agency and the services are always FREE. The services are offered to adults, dislocated workers, veterans, the homeless and the re-entry population.
- Job Training, Resume Building and Interview Skills
- Phone and Computer Access, Skills Workshops
- Employment Referrals
- Customized Job Matching via CalJOBS
- Career Guidance and Placement Assistance
California Employment Development Center
The California Employment Development Department (EDD) can help you find a job. They have many tools that can assist you in the process, such as job fairs, workshops and online services. In addition, employers may be able to get a tax credit for hiring you through the Work Opportunity Tax Credit Program.
Toolbox for Job Seekers
The Toolbox for Job Seekers provides tools and resources for California’s job seekers to assist in their job search, career exploration, and training needs.
The CalJOBS is a virtual job center that gives you online access to thousands of job listings and tools to help you manage your career.
Benefits of CalJOBS include:.
- Create and upload multiple versions of your résumé tailored to specific jobs or career paths.
- Receive automatic job alerts through the feature titled Virtual Recruiter.
- Receive notifications of new job openings via text messages and/or email.
- View current events such as workshops and job fairs by location.
- Use templates to communicate with employers in a Message Center.
- Access on all computers, smartphones, and tablets.
- Download the mobile application for on iTunes and Google Play stores.
Jobs and Training
For information on what type of training is needed or where to get training, visit the Jobs and Training page.
To find a job, list a job opening, and browse other online employment services, visit CalJOBS. For assistance, call CalJOBS at 1 (800) 758-0398.
The public library in your area may offer various types of programs that can help you with employment. Some of the services you may find at your local library include business services, which can help you if you are interested in starting your own business, or one-on-one job coaching to help you brush up on job searching, resume writing and interview skills.
Some Libraries provide programs like WORK READY, a 6-Week Job Readiness Program
- Job Seeker Checklist
- Cover Letter Guide
- Work Ready: Online Etiquette in a Professional Environment
- Work Ready Collection on OverDrive (eBooks and Audiobooks)
- Tools for Job Seekers
- Business Resources
- Occupational Outlook Handbook
- Services are free Library Card Required
Employment agencies are companies that specialize in connecting employers with job seekers. The jobs they can place you in may be temporary, or lead to a permanent position. An employment agency can help you figure out what type of work you are qualified to do and then help you find a job.
A job seeker can use a staffing agency (also known as an employment agency or staffing company) to find a wide variety of jobs, including permanent jobs, in a number of industries. Staffing agencies hire everyone from entry-level workers to CEOs. Learn what a staffing agency is and how to use one to find the right job for you.
Companies pay the agency to find employees for them. Job seekers can apply to specific jobs through the staffing agency, or can simply contact the staffing agency looking for a job. The agency interviews the job seekers and places them in appropriate positions.
It’s free. They do the job searching for you.
When you sign up to work with a staffing agency, they ask you about your skills and experience and let you know if they have a job that might be a good fit for you. You can also search for jobs on their internal job site. Often, they know of job openings that are not available on other job sites. It is a great way to get help finding job openings.
Help Wanted Advertisements
Help Wanted ads can be searched online and in the newspaper, or other publications. If you do not know where to find them, ask your parole agent.
In addition to the print newspaper, we have many more options today. Instead of publishing traditional classifieds online, these classifieds usually appear only in their online form, and they are a useful source of job postings. Many newspapers and other organizations outsource the “Jobs” portion of their website to employment super sites, often Indeed, CareerBuilder, or Monster. Essentially, they provide a window into the existing database of jobs at a different site.
Networking can be an effective way of finding a job. Talk to your parole agent, friends and family and ask them if they are aware of any job opportunities that you might be qualified for. Ask them for advice on how to get a job. They may point you in the right direction.
What is meant by job networking?
Networking is an important career development skill that is worth developing. In its simplest form, networking involves having a “career conversation” with someone for the purpose of exploring careers or job searching to help you answer important career-related questions.
Cold-calling is an option that is available to you in your job search. You may be able to get work by simply calling or stopping in on a company that you would like to work for and asking them if they are hiring. This may be especially effective on construction worksites.
Cold calling is the practice of contacting potential employers directly by phone, without any prior contact, and marketing yourself to them. This is best accomplished by identifying and understanding your skills, and how they are relevant to the employers you approach and the jobs they may have available.
Here’s some example scripts of what you can say when looking for work.
Good afternoon, I would like to speak to _______________________________, please. My name is ________________________ and I am hoping to find out about employment opportunities at ____________________.
Tips for Finding a Job
- Prepare a history of your work experience. This is called a resume.
- Prepare a list of references. This is a list of people a potential employer can contact to ask about your character and experience. Make sure that your relationships with others, especially employers, are good so that you will always feel comfortable listing them as a reference.
- Obtain a valid California DL or California ID Card. Employers will require you to have a valid ID. If you did not obtain an ID while you were in prison, ask your parole agent if you are eligible for a no-fee or reduced-fee ID.
- Know your SSN. Employers will require this information. If you do not have a SSN, apply to obtain one.
- Keep a copy of your birth certificate. If you do not have one, contact the County Records Office where you were born to obtain a copy.
- Dress appropriately when meeting with potential employers. In most cases, this means that you should wear your “Sunday best.”
- When you are interviewing for a job, be the best version of yourself. Listen carefully, be respectful and answer all questions honestly and to the best of your ability.
Getting an Education
If you did not graduate from high school, you may have a hard time getting a good job. If you want a good job, you can still finish your education through an Adult Education Program. You can get your General Education Development (GED) diploma by taking the High School Proficiency Test, or by going back to school.
Contact your parole agent and/or a member of the APU team for information about educational programs in your community.
Adult Education Program
Adult Education Programs are free of charge and are available in schools in your community. You can get more information about these programs by contacting your local school district or community college.
Division of Rehabilitative Programs (DRP)
DRP Contracted Programs
DRP has established contracts with specific programs statewide to address a parolee’s criminogenic needs.
Rehabilitative Programs Available to Parolees
The CDCR-funded rehabilitative programs listed below provide comprehensive post-release services throughout the State of California. These services are delivered through residential, outpatient, and drop-in centers. The focus is on substance use disorder, sober living homes, transitional housing, life skills, family unification, education, academic and vocational training and employment assistance and placement.
Specialized Treatment for Optimized Programming
Specialized Treatment for Optimized Programming (STOP) staff offer proven programs that will help you with your transition back into the community. These programs assist you with your health care, education, life skills, employment, housing, counseling and substance abuse treatment needs. Priority will be given to parolees who meet specific criteria. Ask your parole agent if you qualify.
Day Reporting Centers
Day Reporting Centers (DRC) can help you with life-skills, education and employment training. They also offer some short-term housing.
Female Offender Treatment and Employment Program
The Female Offender Treatment and Employment Program (FOTEP) can assist female offenders with their transition from prison to the community. Services include shelter for female offenders and their children, substance abuse treatment, vocational training and employment services.
Links to Community Resources
Aunt Bertha’s free search tool is now called findhelp.org. Findhelp.org will continue to connect all people in need to the programs that serve them (with dignity and ease)
Help starts here. 211 connects you to expert, caring help. Every call is completely confidential.
ARCAID is the “Automated Rehabilitative Catalog and Information Discovery” Application. This application is a self-service platform for offenders to find services, jobs, and forms and documents throughout their community to assist them in their reintegration and rehabilitation process.
You can register to vote and vote if you are:
- A United States citizen and a resident of California
- 18 years old or older on Election Day
- Not currently serving a state or federal prison term for the conviction of a felony
- Not currently found mentally incompetent to vote by a court
Persons with a criminal history who can register to vote:
- In county jail awaiting trial
- In county jail serving a misdemeanor sentence
- On probation
- On parole
- On mandatory supervision
- On post-release community supervision (PRCS)
- On federal supervised release
- A person with a juvenile wardship adjudication
Persons with a criminal history who cannot register and vote:
- Currently serving a state or federal prison term for the conviction of a felony imprisoned in:
- State prison
- Federal prison
- County jail or other correctional facility
NOTE: Once you have finished serving your term, your right to vote is restored; however, you must register online at RegisterToVote.ca.gov or by filling out a paper voter registration card.
You may request a voter registration card from the Secretary of State or your county elections office. If you are in jail and you are eligible to vote, you are entitled to receive a voter registration card.
You may also apply to register to vote on the Secretary of State’s website RegisterToVote.ca.gov. Your voter registration application must be received or postmarked at least fifteen (15) days before Election Day to be eligible to vote in that election. In elections conducted by your county elections official, you can “conditionally” register and vote provisionally at your county elections office after the 15-day voter registration deadline. For more information, please go to the Secretary of State’s webpage on same day voter registration and voting (https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/voter-registration/same-day-reg) or contact your county elections official.
Voter registration cards and voting materials are available in English, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, and Vietnamese. Voter registration cards are available at most public libraries and government offices. See the attached list for state and local elections office contact information.
Vote by Mail
If you are already registered to vote at your current home address, you may request a vote-by-mail ballot application by contacting your county elections office. Once you receive your vote-by-mail ballot application, you must complete and return it to your county elections office at least seven (7) days before Election Day.
If you are not registered to vote at your current home address, you may register or re-register to vote and request a vote-by-mail ballot on the Secretary of State’s website RegisterToVote.ca.gov.
Release from Custody
If you requested a vote-by-mail ballot but are released from custody before you receive your ballot, you can still vote. Just go to the polling place for your home address or any polling place in the county where you are registered and vote a provisional ballot.
If you change your name, home address, mailing address, or party preference you must complete a new voter registration card.
211 can be accessed by phone or computer at 211.org. A toll-free call to 211 connects you to a community resource specialist in your area who can put you in touch with local organizations that provide critical services. You will find information about supplemental food and nutrition programs. Your parole agent or APU staff member can provide you with more information about how to connect directly with a 211 Reentry Specialist in your area.
Contact your parole agent and/or a member of the APU located at each parole office for information about these programs or services in your area.
Sex Offender Supervision / Registration / Treatment
Containment Model/Polygraph/Tiered Supervision/GPS Devices
Sex Offender Supervision
As a tool in its enhanced supervision, CDCR continues to operate one of the largest Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring programs by a single law enforcement agency in the United States. Since 2008, CDCR has been monitoring all sex offender parolees in the community with GPS technology. CDCR, DAPO continues to be one of the nation’s leading law enforcement agencies in the application of innovative community supervision methods related to sex offenders. CDCR’s Sex Offender Management Program (SOMP) was implemented in September 2014, incorporating a collaborative approach to sex offender supervision and management. The SOMP is a comprehensive program consisting of enhanced supervision, sex offender-specific treatment, polygraph use and victim advocacy, and meets the statutory requirements outlined in PC Section 3008 (also known as Chelsea’s Law). Intended for the management of all parolees required to register with law enforcement pursuant to PC Section 290, the SOMP is an evidence-based approach to sex offender management utilizing multiple risk assessments to drive tiered supervision classifications.
On September 9, 2010, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed Assembly Bill (AB) 1844, also known as the Chelsea King Child Predator Prevention Act of 2010, or Chelsea’s Law. The legislation was introduced by Assembly Member Nathan Fletcher, in collaboration with the King family, in response to the murder of their 17-year-old daughter Chelsea, by registered sex offender John Albert Gardner.
Multiple PC sections were affected by AB 1844 including increased penalties for sex offender parolees, closer oversight of sex offenders, mandatory sex offender treatment and longer parole periods for felony sex crimes involving physical contact with children. Chelsea’s Law also mandated the implementation of a “Containment Model” used to manage sex offenders under supervision.
Sex Offender Registration
The mission of the California Sex Offender Registry is to provide accurate and timely information to the law enforcement community and the general public concerning sex offender registration in California.
In 1947, California became the first state in the nation to enact a sex offender registration law that required offenders convicted of specified offenses to register with their local law enforcement agency. This practice is still in place and the California Sex and Arson Registry (CSAR) serves as the statewide repository for information on registered sex offenders. Today, the California Sex Offender Registry continues to provide a wide range of services that support and assist the law enforcement community with the monitoring and registration of over 120,000 California sex offenders. These services include maintaining and providing information to the general public via the California Megan’s Law Internet Web site.
The California Sex Offender Registry at the California Department of Justice (DOJ) maintains the registered sex offender database. The database is the basis for the information displayed on this website.
By law, persons convicted of specified sex crimes are required to register as sex offenders with a local law enforcement agency. Prior to release from prison, jail, a mental hospital, or on probation, sex offenders who are required to register are notified in writing of their duty to register. This information is then forwarded to DOJ. When a sex offender is released into the community, he or she must register within 5 working days at the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over his or her residence. The registering agency forwards the registration information to DOJ.
Registered sex offenders are required to update their information annually with local law enforcement, within five working days before or after their birthday. Some sex offenders must update their information more often: transients (homeless) must update every 30 days and sexually violent predators must update every 90 days. The California Sex Offender Registry keeps track of the next required update, and if a registered sex offender is in violation of the update requirements, this website will show the registrant as being in violation.
When registrants change their residence address or become transient (homeless), they are required to update their registration information within five working days with a local law enforcement agency. The local agency then forwards this information to DOJ. DOJ updates this website on a daily basis based upon the information received from local law enforcement agencies.
Pursuant to PC Section 290.46, sex offender information is displayed according to specific posting categories based upon conviction. The home address category requires that the home address of the offender be posted. The ZIP Code category requires that the offender’s ZIP Code, city and county be posted but not his or her home address. The conditional home address category requires that some offenders be moved from the ZIP Code category to the home address category upon conviction of another registrable offense. There is also a category of registered sex offenders that cannot, by law, be displayed on the Megan’s Law website. However, those offenders are still required to register as sex offenders with local law enforcement agencies.
What is SB 384?
Effective January 1, 2021, Senate Bill (SB) 384 transitioned California’s lifetime sex offender registration schema to a tier-based schema. SB 384 established three tiers of registration for adult registrants for periods of 10 years, 20 years, and life, and two tiers of registration for juvenile registrants for periods of 5 years and 10 years. SB 384 allows the registrant to petition the superior court or juvenile court for termination of their sex offender registration requirement on or after their next birthday after July 1, 2021, following the expiration of their mandated minimum registration period. Based on criteria listed in SB 384, the court will either grant or deny the petition.
Beginning on January 1, 2021, the CA DOJ designates tiers for registrants. Beginning on July 1, 2021, on or after their next birthday after July 1, 2021, registrants who meet the mandated minimum requirements may petition for termination of their sex offender registration requirement in the superior court or juvenile court in the county in which they reside.
Beginning on January 1, 2022, registrants will be displayed on the Megan’s Law website pursuant to Penal Code Section 290.46 as amended under SB 384.
When did SB 384 take effect?
The tier-based sex offender registration schema took effect on January 1, 2021. Pursuant to PC Section 290.5(a)(1) as amended under SB 118 and SB 384, tier one, tier two, and “Tier Three – Risk Assessment Level” registrants may file a petition in the superior court or juvenile court in their county of residence for termination of their California sex offender registration requirement. Registrants may petition the court following the expiration of their mandated minimum registration period on or after their next birthday after July 1, 2021. Beginning January 1, 2022, the CA DOJ will make information available to the public via the Megan’s Law website in accordance with SB 384. The previous lifetime sex offender registration schema ended December 31, 2020.
How are the tiers determined?
Tiers are designated in accordance with the criteria specified in PC Sections 290 through 290.024, et seq., the Sex Offender Registration Act, which include registrable conviction(s) or adjudication(s) from California and non-California jurisdictions, risk assessment scores and levels, and other criteria.
What are the mandatory minimum registration periods for individuals who were convicted of their registrable offenses in superior court?
- Tier One: 10 years
- Tier Two: 20 years
- Tier Three – Risk Assessment Level: 20 years* Tier Three: Lifetime *Please refer to Penal Code section 290.5(b)(3) as amended under SB 384 for additional information
What are the mandatory minimum registration periods for individuals who were adjudicated of their registrable offenses in juvenile court?
- Tier One: 5 years
- Tier Two: 10 years
What is considered when determining whether I have met my mandatory minimum registration period?
Pursuant to PC Section 290(e), “the minimum time period for the completion of the required registration period in tier one or two commences on the date of release from incarceration, placement, or commitment, including any related civil commitment on the registerable offense. The minimum time for the completion of the required registration period for a designated tier is tolled during any period of subsequent incarceration, placement, or commitment, including any subsequent civil commitment, except that arrests not resulting in conviction, adjudication, or revocation of probation or parole shall not toll the required registration period. The minimum time period shall be extended by one year for each misdemeanor conviction of failing to register under the Sex Offender Registration Act (the Act), and by three years for each felony conviction of failing to register under the Act, without regard to the actual time served in custody for the conviction. If a registrant is subsequently convicted of another offense requiring registration pursuant to the Act, a new minimum time period for the completion of the registration requirement for the applicable tier shall commence upon that person’s release from incarceration, placement, or commitment, including any related civil commitment. If the subsequent conviction requiring registration pursuant to the Act occurs prior to an order to terminate the registrant from the registry after completion of a tier associated with the first conviction for a registerable offense, the applicable tier shall be the highest tier associated with the convictions.”
Who determines my tier designation?
The CA DOJ designates the tiers of most sex offender registrants. However, pursuant to PC Section 290.006, on and after January 1, 2021, the court shall determine the tier designations for individuals ordered by the court to register. Registrants who are court-ordered to register will be designated as tier one unless the court finds the person should register as a tier two or tier three registrant and states on the record the reasons for its finding. An individual is court-ordered to register pursuant to PC Section 290.006 when an individual is convicted of an offense, is not required to register pursuant to PC Section 290, and the court makes a finding that the person committed the offense as a result of sexual compulsion or for purposes of sexual gratification.
Will I be notified of my tier designation?
Registrants may request their local registering agencies to provide them with their tier notification letters.
What if I disagree with my tier designation?
Registrants who feel they have been designated as the wrong tier as specified in the Act as amended under SB 384 should consult with a public defender’s office or a private attorney.
Additional information may be found on the California Department of Justice Sex Offender Registry, oag.ca.gov
Sex Offender Management Program
Pursuant to PC Section 3008, CDCR must implement a sex offender parolee management and containment program developed in accordance with the standards established under PC 9003. SOMP is a comprehensive program consisting of enhanced supervision; sex offender parolee specific treatment; polygraph use; and victim advocacy, and is intended for the management of all parolees required to register with law enforcement, pursuant to PC Section 290.
All offenders under DAPO supervision convicted of a crime requiring registration under the Sex Offender Registration Act codified in PC Section 290 et seq., shall be supervised in accordance with the SOMP policy.
Pursuant to PC Section 3010.10, a person who is required to register as a sex offender pursuant to PC Section 290 as a condition of parole, shall report to their parole agent within one working day following release from custody or as instructed by a parole agent, to have an electronic GPS device affixed to their person. Initial contact shall not exceed two days from the date of release. All parolees, including Interstate Compact transfers, who are convicted of a crime listed in PC Sections 290 through 290.024, inclusive, may be subject to residency restrictions and transient requirements on a case-by-case basis. Parole agents shall ensure that applicable residency restrictions for sex offender parolees subject to parole supervision are imposed and adhered to. Parole agents shall impose residency restrictions in accordance with applicable California statute and in accordance with Special Conditions of Parole (SCOP) that meet the requirements set forth in People v. Lent (1975) 15 Cal.3d 481, 486. However, local ordinances shall not be enforced since State law overrides local ordinances.
Supervision of Sex Offender – Containment Model
CDCR supervises and monitors High-Risk Sex Offenders (HRSOs) under what is commonly known as the Containment Model. This system provides a method of reducing the risk to the community through the interdisciplinary team approach of strict supervision, treatment, accountability, and victim sensitivity. Community collaboration is essential
- Community including family, friends, employers, and law enforcement are involved in imposing external controls.
- Community supervision is provided by parole agents
- Community concern for the safety and privacy of known victims and victims’ families are often addressed by the victim advocate Victim-Centered Approach. A victim-centered approach to the management of sex offenders:
- Values public safety, victim protection, and reparation
- Is designated to aid victims and control offenders
- Strives to empower victims of sexual assault.
Sex Offender Management Program – Containment Team Meetings
The Containment Team meeting is a collaborative effort establishing a mechanism of consistent communication with all involved parties. The purpose of the Containment Team meeting is to review relevant case factors, sex offender treatment progress, dynamic risk factors, polygraph results, community reintegration, response to parole supervision, and supervision category.
The Containment Team shall normally consist of a parole agent, unit supervisor, sex offender parolee, contracted clinician (licensed psychiatrist, psychologist, and/or psychiatric social worker directly treating the sex offender parolee), and victim advocacy representative. The Containment Team may also include other relevant stakeholders, sex offender parolee family members, or members of the sex offender parolee’s community support network. Efforts should be made to ensure all members of the Containment Team are present during normally scheduled Containment Team meetings. In the event members of the Containment Team are not available to meet, the Containment Team shall minimally consist of a contracted clinician, parole agent, unit supervisor and the sex offender parolee.
Although Containment Team meetings are intended to occur in person, they can be conducted by teleconference/video conference calls when necessary, and only when approved by the unit supervisor or above.
3651. Penal Code Section 186.30 Registrants (Gang Offenders)
(a) Any inmate/parolee required to register pursuant to PC Section 186.30 shall register with the Chief of Police of the city in which he or she resides, or the Sheriff of the county if he or she resides in an unincorporated area or in a city that has no police department, within 10 days of release from custody or within 10 days of his or her arrival in any city, county, or city and county to reside, whichever comes first.
(b) The registration required by PC Section 186.30 shall consist of the following:
- The parolee shall appear at the law enforcement agency.
- The law enforcement agency will serve the parolee with a California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act notification which includes, where applicable, that the parolee belongs to a Security Threat Group (STG) whose members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal STG activity as described in PC Section 186.22(e).
- The parolee shall submit a written statement, signed by the parolee, giving any information that may be required by the law enforcement agency.
- The parolee shall submit his or her fingerprints and a current photograph to the law enforcement agency.
(c) Within 10 days of changing his or her residence address, any person required to register shall inform, in writing, the law enforcement agency with whom he or she last registered, of his or her new address. If his or her new residence address is located within the jurisdiction of a law enforcement agency other than the agency where he or she last registered, he or she shall also register with the new law enforcement agency, in writing, within 10 days of the change of residence.
(d) Any parolee required to register who knowingly violates any of the provisions of PC Section 186.30 is guilty of a misdemeanor.
(e) Any person who is required under PC Section 186.30 and who knowingly fails to register, and who is subsequently convicted of or subject to a juvenile petition that is sustained for a violation of any of the offenses in PC Section 186.30 is subject to an additional term of imprisonment in the state prison.
(f) The registration requirement terminates five years after the last imposition of a registration requirement that arose under PC Section 186.30.
Note: Authority cited: Section 5058, Penal Code. Reference: Sections 186.30, 186.32, 186.33 and 5054, Penal Code.
- New section filed 8-11-2009; operative 9-10-2009 (Register 2009, No. 33).
- Amendment of subsection (b)(2) filed 10-17-2014; operative 10-17-2014 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(b)(3) (Register 2014, No. 42).
Penal Code Section 457.1 – Arson Registration 457.1. (a) As used in this section, “arson” means a violation of Section 451, 451.5, or 453, and attempted arson, which includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 455. (b) (1) Every person described in paragraph (2), (3), and (4), for the periods specified therein, shall, while residing in, or if the person has no residence, while located in California, be required to, within 14 days of coming into, or changing the person’s residence or location within any city, county, city and county, or campus wherein the person temporarily resides, or if the person has no residence, is located.
Simply stated, qualifying offenders required to register as an arson offender must, within 14 days of their release, register with the law enforcement agency that has jurisdiction over their residence. A copy of the registration must be provided to their parole agent. Additionally, the offender must update their registration within 14 days of changing their address.
PC Section 457.1 has many subsections that affect arson registration and should be reviewed in its entirety for complete information.
DAPO in collaboration with the DRP is committed to reducing recidivism by providing evidence-based programming to the parolee population. Collaboration with community stakeholders and DRP-contracted providers is essential for successful reintegration of parolees into the community.
DAPO provides specialized guidance, support, program oversight and acts as liaison to DRP ensuring parolee participation in:
- DRP-Contracted Programs
- Non-Contracted & Community-based Treatment Programs
- Parole and Community Team (PACT) Orientation Meetings
- Lifer Peer Reentry Navigation Network (PRNN)
- Women Empowerment Support Group (WE)
DRP has established contracts with specific programs statewide to address a parolee’s criminogenic needs. Your parole agent will know if these programs and resources are available in your area and will be able to refer you to them if they are.
Non-Contracted or Community-Based Treatment Programs
Non-Contracted or “Community–Based treatment programs” are programs in the community that will address a parolee’s criminogenic needs.
- Alcohol Anonymous Classes
- Narcotic Anonymous Classes
- Residential Drug Treatment
- Employments Services, etc.
Parole and Community Team
The Parole and Community Team (PACT) creates partnerships with local law enforcement agencies, community resource providers, and social service agencies in an effort to reduce crime and improve a parolee’s access to needed services in the community.
If it is available in your area, you will be instructed to attend the mandatory PACT meeting shortly after you are released. While the meeting is mandatory for newly released parolees, any parolee needing additional resources is welcome to participate. Your participation at the PACT orientation meeting will allow you to engage in community-based programming and will provide you with opportunity to learn about, contact, and enroll in available community programs.
DAPO provides parolees with timely information about community resources and required programming, which improves public safety and promotes successful reintegration into the community. Upon request, you will be provided with a PACT Resource Brochure, which lists contact information for the service providers in your county.
Peer Reentry Navigation Network Program
The Peer Reentry Navigation Network (PRNN) is a program specifically for formally incarcerated long-term offenders who have been found suitable for release by the Board of Parole Hearings (BPH). Being released back into the community after many years of incarceration presents numerous challenges that the PRNN will address including reintegration and transitional topic discussions, finding access to housing, exploring employment opportunities and reuniting with family and friends. Equally important, the group provides a support system of peers who have also experienced the impact of long-term incarceration. Additionally the PRNN hosts parole professionals who specialize in serving long-term offenders as well as community partners who provide resource services and support. Parole facilitates the PRNN meetings each month throughout the State. Contact your parole agent for information about the PRNN Program.
Women Empowerment Support Group
The Women Empowerment (WE) Support Group provides support, assistance, and guidance to women on parole who are adapting to the day-to-day challenges, while striving toward successful community reintegration. DAPO facilitates the WE meetings each month throughout the State. Contact your parole agent for information about this program.
Females Achieving Change Together
The Females Achieving Change Together (FACT) meetings represent DAPO’s commitment to creating programs and supervision strategies aimed to reduce female recidivism. The program was created in 2014 by the Northern Region Programs Team in Fresno.
Since then, FACT has expanded to Sacramento and San Francisco (SF). The specialized female parolee program was created to focus on the needs of females upon reentry. Many female offenders have suffered physical, emotional, and sexual abuse that create unique challenges for females to reintegrate back into society. Each area event offers reentry resources to female parolees focusing on gender-responsive solutions to help them thrive in society and reduce the likelihood of going back to jail or prison.
Adult Program Unit
Enhance public safety and promote successful community reintegration through education, treatment, and active participation in rehabilitative and restorative justice programs.
To facilitate the successful reintegration of the individuals in our care back to their communities equipped with the tools to be drug-free, healthy, and employable members of society by providing education, treatment, rehabilitative, and restorative justice programs, all in a safe and humane environment.
Adult Program Unit (APU) acts as the DAPO community liaison with multiple community social justice reform and reentry groups. APU provides transparency of our Department to the community as a whole and works with the social justice organizations, law enforcement, educational institutions, and employers to establish joint collaboration of multitude of new and developing reentry programs. APU develops and establishes array of new re-entry programs and services for our justice-involved population.
APU is located at each District Parole Office throughout the State of California. Contact a team member of the APU for assistance with addressing your criminogenic needs and for available resources/services in your area of supervision.
A Resource Brochure is available upon request at your local parole office.
Home Contact – The parole agent conducts a home visit at the parolee’s residence of record. The home contact should be unscheduled and unannounced unless approved by the unit supervisor in writing. The home contact is conducted to:
- Ensure the parolee is residing at their residence of record.
- To become familiar with the parolee’s significant others.
- Continue case management processes.
For transients (homeless), a field contact at a location where the parolee frequents or sleeps shall be conducted in lieu of the required home contact.
Additional Face-to-Face Contact – An additional in person contact with the parolee that includes, but is not limited to:
- Working with the parolee on their criminogenic needs.
- Conducting a comprehensive search.
- Facilitating a group.
- Participating in a community meeting.
- Contacting the parolee at their residence a second time.
- Contacting the parolee at their place of employment, the parole unit or in the field.
Urinalysis Test – Conduct a random and unscheduled urinalysis test, if applicable.
Significant Collateral – A significant collateral is a person who has significant knowledge of the parolee. This includes, but is not limited to, an individual who makes up a parolee’s support group, family, friends, neighbors, associates, church members, colleagues, members of social groups, etc. Individuals who play a consistent part in the parolee’s life before, during and after parole.
Resource Collateral – A resource collateral is a person, group, or organization, which assists the parolee in addressing their criminogenic needs.
Law Enforcement Collateral – Information received from law enforcement that meets the criteria of a significant or resource collateral as stated above.
California is a member of the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision (ICAOS). This compact is the legal authority that permits an offender convicted of a crime in one state (sending state) to be supervised in another state (receiving state). Compact Offenders shall receive similar services as California parolees and shall be supervised in the same manner as a California parolee.
California is not required to accept all transfer requests. Legal residents of California, or offenders with family residing in California who can locate employment may be accepted for Compact supervision. Offenders who are not residents or do not have family residing in California must have a compelling circumstance to be accepted for Compact supervision.
Compact Offenders shall be supervised in a manner determined by the receiving state and consistent with the supervision of other similar offenders sentenced in the receiving state. . A Compact Offender shall be supervised with the same specifications according to the California Parole Supervision Reintegration Model (CPSRM); or if the Compact Offender is required to register per PC Section 290, according to the specifications of the Sex Offender Management Program (SOMP).
Compact Offenders Conditions of Parole
Compact Offenders are subject to supervision conditions of both the receiving and sending state. When the offender signs the “Offender’s Application for Interstate Transfer” ICAOS form and the case is accepted, it is understood under the Compact that the offender must obey rules of receiving state as well as rules of sending state. At the time of acceptance or during the term of supervision, the compact administrator or supervising authority in the receiving state may impose a special condition on a Compact Offender if that special condition would have been imposed on the offender if sentence had been imposed in the receiving state. Compact Offenders who violate the supervision conditions of either state, or who are a danger to others, themselves, or to property of others, shall be placed in custody under a California Interstate Parole Hold (PC Section 3056/11177.1).
If the offender does not report within five business days of the specified reporting instructions and California has received notice of the offender’s departure, the parole agent shall submit a “Notice of Arrival/Failure to Report” ICAOS form to DAPO, Interstate Compact Unit (ICU).
On July 1, 2013, Courts assumed responsibility for the adjudication of all parole violations, regardless of when the parolees committed the alleged violation, the date of the underlying crime, the nature of the underlying crime, or when they were sentenced to state prison.
Parolees will be subject to parole supervision by DAPO and the jurisdiction of the court in the county where the parolee is released or resides for the purpose of hearing petitions to revoke parole and imposed a term of custody. DAPO will continue to be responsible for supervision of persons placed on parole after July 1, 2013.
The role of the courts and CDCR/DAPO with respect to persons on parole after July 1, 2013
Revocation proceedings will no longer be administrative proceedings conducted by the Board of Parole Hearings (BPH). Instead, parole revocation proceedings will be adversarial judicial proceedings conducted in the superior courts under PC Section 1203.2.
Parolees covered by the new procedures
- Parolees released from state prison after serving a term whose prison sentence was deemed served under PC Section 2900.5 for the following crimes will be under the jurisdiction of the courts for purposes of adjudicating parole violations: (PC Section 3000.08(a))
- Serious or violent felonies described in PC Sections 1192.7 (c) and 667.5 (c)
- Crimes sentenced under PC Sections 667(e)(2) or 1170.1(c) – defendants sentenced as third strike offenders under the Three Strikes Law
Must CDCR/DAPO attempt to informally resolve parole violations before filing a formal petition in the courts?
After finding good cause that the parolee has violated a condition of parole, DAPO may add additional conditions of parole, including treatment and rehabilitation services, incentives, and “immediate, ….” (PC Section 3000.08 (d)). Furthermore, PC Section 3000.08(f) requires DAPO to determine that intermediate sanctions are not appropriate before filing a formal petition to revoke parole. Sometimes, as where a new felony offense has been charged or where the parolee has absconded, DAPO may make such a determination without exhausting intermediate sanctions.
When do courts become involved with a parole violation?
With the filing of a petition to revoke parole. If DAPO determines that intermediate sanctions are “not appropriate,” the agency may file a petition with the courts pursuant to PC Section 1203.2 for revocation of parole. It is filed in the superior court where parolee is being supervised (PC Section 3000.08 (f)).
Are parolees entitle to appointed counsel for a violation court hearing?
Violation proceedings are being conducted in accordance with PC Section 1203.2, parolees will be entitled to counsel, including, if necessary, appointed counsel. (See People v. Vickers (1972) 8 Cal.3d 451, 461) See also PC Section 3000.08 (f), which references parolees’ option of waiving the right to counsel.
Who may conduct the revocation hearings?
The courts, through a judge, magistrate, or qualified revocation hearing officer. PC Section 3000.08 states that the “court” must conduct revocation proceedings pursuant to PC Section 1203.2. PC Section 1203.2 (f) clarifies that “court” means a “judge magistrate, or revocation hearing officer described in Section 71622.5 of the Government Code.”
The Legislature has clearly brought the parole revocation process under the umbrella of PC Section 1203.2 such that the standard should be a “reasonable time.” Because it is not clear whether Marsy’s Law will establish the time limit, prudent courts may wish to hold violation hearings within 45 days of the parolee’s arrest unless time is waived.
If parolees are found in violation of parole, what sanctions may courts impose?
- Return the parolee to parole supervision with a modification, if appropriate, including, a period of incarceration in county jail up to 180 days for each revocation (PC Section 3000.08 (f)(1). For every two days of actual custody served, the parolee will receive a total of four days of credit under PC Section 4019 (a)(5).
- Revoke parole and order the person to confinement in the county jail for up to 180 days (PC Section 3000.08 (f)(2)). For every two days of actual custody served, the parolee will receive a total of four days of credit under PC Section 4019(a)(5).
- Refer the parolee to a reentry court pursuant to PC Section 3015 or other evidence-based program in court’s decision (PC Section 3000.08 (f)(3)).
- Place the parolee electronic monitoring as a condition of reinstatement on parole or as an intermediate sanction in lieu of returning the parolee to custody
Court proceedings adjudicating parole violations
Valdivia v. Schwarzenegger, No CIV S-94-0671 (Valdivia). In 2004, the parties to the action entered into an agreement whereby they agreed to the court’s entry of a consent decree granting plaintiffs a permanent injunction, including various procedural protections for parolees. Among them are:
- The right to appointed counsel beginning when the parolee is offered a stipulated disposition
- Not later than 48 hours after a parole hold, the parole agent must confer with their supervisor regarding probable cause to continue the hold
- A probable cause hearing held within 10 business days after the parolee is served with the notice of change (by the third day after the placement of the hold)
- A final revocation hearing within 35 calendar days of placement of the parole hold (in recognition of Marsy’s Law, the time limit for the hearing subsequently was changed to 45 days)
PC Section 3044(a), enacted by Marsy’s Law in 2008, designates the rights available to parolees subject to parole revocation proceedings. These rights include the following:
- The right to a probable cause hearing no later than 15 days following arrest for the parole violation
- The right to an evidentiary revocation hearing within 45 days following arrest for the parole violation.
- The right to counsel on limited basis
- The violation must be provided by a preponderance of the evidence by testimony, documentary evidence, or hearsay evidence offered by parole agents, peace officers, or a victim,” (PC Section 3044(a)(5))
Parole services available to the courts and parolees
Because DAPO is responsible for physical supervision of parolees, all supervision and treatment services will come through state parole and are available through the PU.
Court ordered treatment or supervision plans are based on a validated risk assessment tool and the Parole Violation Decision Making Instrument (PVDMI).
Reentry Court Program
The Reentry Court Program (RCP) is designed to divert parole violators from returning to prison by providing enhanced supervision and services through an array of community-based programs. RCPs are adjudicated, administered, and overseen by the respective counties. The program is expected to promote public safety, hold parolees accountable, and reduced recidivism. DAPO shall support the RCP by referring eligible program participants, as well as, assigning RCP parole agents to the various courts to participate as part of the RCP Team.
Eligible parolees with a history of substance abuse and mental illness, who violate their conditions of parole, to be referred to the RCP by CDCR staff. Entry or denial into the program is at the discretion of the courts, subsequent to their review and disposition of individual cases. Once admitted into the program, the courts assume exclusive authority over the parolee’s rehabilitation, supervisory and community oversight as related to RCP.
If you feel that you are not being treated fairly by CDCR, DAPO staff or you have a complaint, there is a procedure in place to file a grievance and have your issue addressed. This process begins when you notify your parole agent that you want to file a grievance. Grievances are governed by time limits, so this should be done as soon as you see a problem starting. If your parole agent cannot help you with your problem, ask to speak with the unit supervisor. The complete policy on grievances is available from your parole agent or at one of our offices.
A complaint by an inmate or parolee under the Department’s jurisdiction shall be made on the CDCR Form 602, Inmate/Parolee Appeal under the appeal process outlined in the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 15, Sections 3084 through 3084.7.
CDCR Form 602 – Inmate/Parolee Appeal Form
Inmates/parolees are afforded the right to appeal any action or decision made by the CDCR, DAPO. Pursuant to the Department Operations Manual (DOM) Section 54100.1, and the CCR, Title 15, Section 3084.3, appeals are monitored by the Appeals Coordinator in the Regional Parole Headquarters Office.
The appeal is submitted on a CDCR Form 602, and must be completed by the inmate/parolee. Upon completing Sections A and B, the parolee may submit the CDCR Form 602 directly to the parole agent or unit supervisor for an informal level response, or may submit it directly to the Appeals Coordinator.
Upon review by the Appeals Coordinator, it will be determined if the CDCR Form 602 is properly filed and within guidelines as outlined in the CCR, Title 15 and California PC.
If not, the CDCR Form 602 will be screened out on a CDCR Form 695, Inmate/Parolee Appeals Screening form and returned to the parolee with an explanation. If additional documents or information is requested by the Appeals Coordinator, the CDCR Form 602 may be resubmitted. If properly submitted, an answer/solution may be afforded or referred to the proper authority for a Level I or II response. Refer to CCR, Title 15, Section 3084.5 for proper timeline requirements.
CDCR Form 1824 – Reasonable Accommodation Request Form
Inmates/parolees with a disability may request an accommodation to access programs, services, activities or grieve alleged discrimination through the CDCR Form 1824, Reasonable Accommodation Request Form, appeal process. All answered CDCR Form 1824’s must be forwarded to the Appeals Coordinator of the institution were the parolee is housed or Regional Headquarters based on the issue and location of the parolee. If properly submitted, an answer/solution may be afforded by the Appeals Coordinator or referred to the proper authority for a Level I response. CDCR Form 1824s that do not meet the ADA criteria will be ‘screened out’ on a CDCR Form 695, or may be converted to a CDCR Form CDCR 602, if applicable. All CDCR Form 1824s must be submitted to the Regional Appeals Coordinator immediately for the completed CDCR Form 1824 to be forwarded to the Division ADA Coordinator. Refer to CCR, Title 15, Section 3084.5, for proper timeline requirements.
A person not under the jurisdiction of CDCR can file a Citizen’s Complaint
CDCR is committed to ensuring all departmental employees are courteous, ethical and professional in carrying out the Department’s mission. The Department shall investigate citizens’ complaints against employees to preserve the integrity and morale of the Department, foster public trust and confidence, and ensure accountability to the public. The investigations shall be thorough and impartial, with the intent of correcting or disciplining employees who engage in misconduct, identifying inadequate policies and training, and protecting employees who perform their duties properly from unwarranted criticism.
CDCR Form 2142, Citizen’s Complaint Against Employees of CDCR is available at any parole office or local regional office upon request.
YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE A COMPLAINT AGAINST A PEACE OFFICER FOR ANY IMPROPER PEACE OFFICER CONDUCT. CALIFORNIA LAW REQUIRES THIS AGENCY TO HAVE A PROCEDURE TO INVESTIGATE CITIZENS’ COMPLAINTS. YOU HAVE A RIGHT TO A WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROCEDURE. THIS AGENCY MAY FIND AFTER INVESTIGATION THAT THERE IS NOT ENOUGH EVIDENCE TO WARRANT ACTION
ON YOUR COMPLAINT; EVEN IF THAT IS THE CASE, YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO MAKE THE COMPLAINT AND HAVE IT INVESTIGATED IF YOU BELIEVE AN OFFICER BEHAVED IMPROPERLY. CITIZENS’ COMPLAINTS AND ANY REPORTS OR FINDINGS RELATING TO COMPLAINTS MUST BE RETAINED BY THIS AGENCY FOR AT LEAST FIVE YEARS.
Your complaint may be submitted to any supervisor or manager of the Department, or may be addressed to the Department’s Office of Internal Affairs at any of the Regional Offices indicated below.
Office of Internal Affairs
P.O. Box 3009
Sacramento, CA 95812 Suite 105
5100 Young Street
Building B, Suite 160A
Bakersfield, CA 93311
9035 Haven Avenue, Suite 105
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
Earning Your Discharge From Parole
You may be recommended for discharge during the review period when case factors or other considerations support early discharge.
The factors to be considered are:
- First termer with no prior convictions
- Legally self-supporting or self-sufficient
- Currently drug free
- Stable residence
- Effort to satisfy restitution obligations
Recommendation for early discharge if:
- You are under other supervision [e.g., probation, federal probation, other prison system, Department of Mental Health (DMH) facility, or long-term drug treatment program]; or
- Verifiable changes in physical abilities or health, which are rendered no longer a danger to society; or
- Special circumstances (e.g., parolee’s life in danger, job offer in another country).
Discharge Review Process
Your parole agent will discuss with you the discharge review process. The following case factors shall be considered for discharge reviews and documented by all staff involved in the discharge review process:
- Residence Stability
- Employment Stability
- Compliance with Conditions of Parole
- Psychological Factors
- Gang Validation
- Criminal History
- Overall Parole Adjustment
- Continuous Parole
You can request your discharge card from the parole office approximately three months following your discharge date.
Conclusion and Final Thoughts
Understanding your parole is crucial to your success. When communicating with your parole agent, be honest and ask questions. Refer to this handbook as a starting guide towards your success on parole. Your parole agent and the APU are here to help you. | <urn:uuid:b898d48a-3746-4504-9ca7-8e94e46ba75b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/parole/parolee-handbook-home/parolee-handbook-section-ii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.919449 | 12,306 | 1.953125 | 2 |
On 16 August 2017, the Minamata Convention on Mercury entered into force on a global scale.
Austria was one of the first countries in the world to sign this Convention on 10 October 2013, and ratified it on 12 June 2017. Currently, 74 countries have ratified the Convention. The new multilateral convention on the protection of the environment and human health became binding under international law for Austria on 10 September 2017.
On the basis of an impact assessment, the EU has prepared implementing legislative measures by virtue of the recast of the EU Mercury Regulation (applicable as of 1 January 2018) for combined ratification. The EU and 7 member states have ratified it as early as on 18 May 2017 prior to the first 2017 Conference of the Parties. The German translation of the Convention was agreed between Austria, Germany, Switzerland and the European Commission.
For decades, the town of Minamata had been affected by massive mercury contamination caused by mercury-containing effluents that led to the “Minamata disease” which is a disruption of the central nervous system caused by poisoning with the heavy metal.
Mercury (Hg) is a poisonous heavy metal that is widespread across the environment and accumulates in various organisms. Hg is released into waterbodies and the atmosphere during the weathering of rocks and volcano eruptions, but primarily due to anthropogenic activities, and in particular, through the burning of fossil fuels (mainly coal!), mining activities, industrial processes and through mercury-containing products, such as electrical devices (switches, fluorescent lamps and energy-saving lamps), dental amalgam, measurement devices (clinical thermometers, barometers, laboratory instruments) and batteries. The Convention governs the emissions and releases into the air (see figure), water and soil. | <urn:uuid:1e0d864c-21d8-4e9a-b83f-df8d10c567e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bmk.gv.at/en/topics/climate-environment/chemicals-policy-biocide/international/mercury-convention.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961882 | 364 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Is Texas A & Ma HBCU?
The founding member of the A&M System is Texas A&M University, established in 1876. Prairie View A&M, also established in 1876, is an HBCU. Many of the member universities and agencies joined the A&M System decades after being established. Its flagship institution is Texas A&M University.
Why does Texas A&M wear military uniforms?
The idea was that cadets would save money when they graduated by already owning the uniform they would need when enlisting. Around World War I, the “doughboy” uniforms — forest green pants and jackets with large round buttons down the chest — were worn both within the armed forces and at A&M.
What kind of college is Texas A&M?
Texas A&M University (Texas A&M or A&M) is a public land-grant research university in College Station, Texas. It was founded in 1876 and became the flagship institution of the Texas A&M University System in 1948. As of 2020, Texas A&M’s student body is the largest in the United States.
Why is it called College Station?
The area was designated “College Station, Texas” by the Postal Service in 1877. The name was derived from the train station located to the west of the campus. Growth of both the community and college influenced residents’ desire to create a municipal government. The City of College Station was incorporated in 1938. | <urn:uuid:29b3aaaf-1ba2-46a7-a786-060fe77e83ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lyotomachida.net/2021/06/04/is-texas-a-ma-hbcu/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977328 | 312 | 2.734375 | 3 |
iMessages is one of the essential tools Apple includes in iOS. Not only does it allow iPhone users to exchange text, picture and media messages with each other, the best part is that it’s all done for free. You can even use Messages on your MacBook or iMac, as our
How to send text messages on your Mac guide explains.
However, when sending to owners of Android smartphones or older feature phones, the service will use a standard text message instead, which could cost you money if you only have a limited supply of SMS on your monthly contract.
We show you how to tell whether something is an iMessage or normal text, and what the difference is between the two.
iMessage vs SMS
Since the early days of mobile phones, SMS has been the standard form of text message sent between devices. Generally, these cannot include images (as that would be MMS) and come out of a monthly allocation included in your plan.
It’s not uncommon to find tariffs that offer unlimited text messages, but if your plan isn’t so generous then you might be charged additional costs for every message sent over your allotted amount.
By contrast, iMessage uses either Wi-Fi or your mobile data to send communiques, and allows you to include GIFs, photos, videos, links to songs on Apple Music and various emojis. So long as you’re connected to a Wi-Fi spot, or have enough data left in your plan, then iMessages will be dispatched for free. Should there not be a connection, iMessage will give you the option to send your note as an SMS instead.
The thing to remember is that iMessage is an Apple-only platform, and as such only works between iOS devices. The app will still send messages to Android users, but these will automatically be converted into SMS, and count against your text allowance.
How to tell whether texts are SMS or iMessage
It’s actually very easy to discern between the top types of format, as they use different colours.
Open the Messages app and choose one of your conversations. Now look at the texts you have sent (not the ones you’ve received). If they are in a blue box then they are iMessages, but if the box is green then it was an SMS.
If you want to lessen the possibilities of sending an SMS from the Messages app, then go to Settings > Messages, and turn off the Send as SMS option.
This won’t stop SMS being used when chatting with Android users, but it will prevent the Messages app from converting texts to SMS when you’re not connected to Wi-Fi or mobile data.
Technically, it is possible to use iMessages with Android, but it does take a bit of work on the part of the recipient. For a step-by-step guide in setting this up, take a look at our
How to send an iMessage to an Android user guide. | <urn:uuid:a3dd2324-e949-44c9-8ab8-f4407828df22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macworld.com/article/673215/how-to-tell-an-imessage-from-a-text-message.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.914015 | 617 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Providing individual and family psychotherapy for the treatment of :
- Anxiety Disorders
- Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
- Psychotic Disorders
- Trauma Recovery
- Dissociative Disorders
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Addiction & Recovery
- Divorce Recovery
- Work & Career Related Issues
- DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) for the treatment of depression, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. DBT focuses on providing coping tools that allow a person to be in the present moment, increase emotional regulation, learn how to tolerate distress, and to increase ones interpersonal skills in order to live a more full and healthy life.
- IPSRT (Interpersonal Social Rhythm Therapy) for the treatment of Bipolar spectrum disorders. Research has shown that developing healthy sleep patterns, a regular routine, and healthy relationships can reduce symptoms of bipolar disorder and improve one's overall quality of life. IPSRT emphasizes techniques to improve medication adherence, manage stressful life events, and reduce disruptions in one's life in order to protect against future manic and depressive episodes.
- ISTDP (Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy) is a unique form of psychodynamic psychotherapy aimed at the rapid resolution of emotional disorders that often derive from unstable or troubled early life attachments. It is an evidence-based therapy specifically designed to resolve anxiety, depression, somatization, and personality disorders.
- EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing) is an effective treatment modality for the processing of both childhood and adult trauma. It is also effective to enhance professional performance, reduce anxiety, and for recovery from addiction.
I work with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues providing services within an inpatient, residential, and outpatient setting. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere, I offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each of my clients individual needs to help attain the personal growth they’re striving for. | <urn:uuid:4b240b01-0107-48cf-be72-0fad6b8492fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drjanetzke.com/services-provided | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.899093 | 398 | 1.75 | 2 |
Interactive projectors vs. IFPs: How to choose?
- Posted by: Hiperdistuae.com
- Category: Projectors
From interactive projectors to interactive flat panels (IFPs), the market is flooded with many AV technologies to choose from.
And so, deciding on the one best suited to the needs of each individual school or college becomes challenging.
Subject to your client’s training environment and the purchase goals, here are a few points to consider before sharing your recommendations –
When only purchase costs are considered, interactive projectors end up being more economical; as compared to IFPs. So, it’s a good option for school with strict budgets. However, if you consider the long-term total ownership cost, interactive projectors tend to be pricier. This is because projectors require their lamps to be replaced regularly; else, the brightness of the visuals dims over time. On the other hand, IFPs face no such challenge. Hence it is a more sensible purchase, despite the higher initial investment.
The biggest benefit that an AV technology brings to the education space is its ability to deliver magnifying collaboration and interactivity. Instead of simply watching a video or slideshow, flat panel displays allow students to truly get involved in the learning process, thanks to its multiple touchpoints. This means several students can use the IFPs together, at the same time.
IFPs offer superior audio and visual quality to users. However, they have a limited display size. But in the case of projectors, the sizing can be adjusted. This is a particularly important feature, especially in larger classrooms where content on small screen sizes ends up being difficult to read for students seated at the back. On the other hand, with projectors, the screen can be displayed on any surface. This gives tutors additional flexibility with respect to where they want to hold their classes.
IFPs tend to consume less energy as compared to projectors, according to research, making them a greener alternative for the school.
Finally, the dullness of projected screens ends up being a challenge for teachers and students. It would require for the classroom to be engulfed in complete darkness for the screen to be clearly visible. Hence, IT suppliers in Dubai usually recommend IFPs to most educational institutions and corporate trainers.
Ease of use:
Since flat panel displays are like super-sized computers in themselves, they are incredibly easy to set up and don’t need any additional accessories to function. Interactive projectors, on the other hand, always need to be connected to an external computer.
What’s more, IFPs are much quieter than projectors, therefore the former would be less likely to distract the class from the teacher’s lecture.
This high-level understanding of both technologies should help you decide on what your client really needs.
Do you have more questions on the right AV solution for your client? Talk to us today, for a free consultation. | <urn:uuid:ff0a9c5c-c4a0-43c0-88ed-8e9749574463> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hiperdistuae.com/2019/05/08/interactive-projectors-vs-ifps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941148 | 638 | 1.851563 | 2 |
A passenger plane of India made an emergency landing at the Jinnah International Airport (JIAP) Karachi, after developing a technical fault in one of its engines, in the wee hours of Sunday. “Indian Airline IndiGo (6E-1406) A320 while overflying from Sharjah to Hyderabad diverted to Karachi due to technical reason (fault in Eng. no. 02). Aircraft landed safely with no assistance at 0214 hrs. As many as 186 passengers disembarked after the pilot’s permission,” the Aviation Division said. The IndiGo management in a statement said, the pilot of the Sharjah-Hyderabad flight observed a ‘technical defect’ after which the ‘necessary procedures’ were followed, and as a ‘precaution’ the aircraft was diverted to Karachi. “An additional flight is being sent to Karachi to fly the passengers to Hyderabad.” Meanwhile, the Aviation Division informed that the alternative plane of the IndiGo had arrived at the JIAP to take to passengers their destination. Earlier this month, the Indian low-cost airline SpiceJet’s passenger plane also made an emergency landing at the Karachi airport, the least expected destination for Indian passengers due to not so smooth political situation between the two South Asian neighbours. | <urn:uuid:09877b95-d28a-4782-8545-7b66d0a9d685> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailytimes.com.pk/967957/another-indian-plane-makes-emergency-landing-in-karachi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954814 | 271 | 1.5 | 2 |
From parrots that can imitate human speech to typewriting chimpanzees, the complex ins and outs of animal intelligence are only just beginning to be revealed, and as one renowned scientist at UTM attests, much more remains to be learned.
“Our lab works with zebrafish, one of the simplest vertebrate laboratory model organisms with which one can study complex biological phenomena, including brain function and behaviour,” explained professor Robert Gerlai, a psychology instructor on campus who specializes in the study of animal cognition and behavioural genetics. “The ultimate goal of our work is to understand mechanisms of alcoholism, alcohol abuse, and fetal alcohol syndrome. We literally make fish drunk.”
But giving new meaning to the phrase “drank like a fish” was only the beginning of Gerlai’s experiments with the creatures. While trying to better understand how the brain in fish (and by extension all vertebrates, including humans) works, Luis Gomez-Laplaza, a Spanish professor who visited the lab, brought a whole new dynamic to his research: the discovery that angelfish appear to possess the ability to count to three.
“Angelfish is a species that belongs to Cichlidae, or perch-like fishes,” Gerlai continued. “Members of this family are ‘known’ anecdotally to be highly intelligent, an anthropomorphic notion that is based upon observation of how many different and seemingly complex behavioural responses (movement patterns) this fish has. And indeed this is the reason we chose angelfish: they have a complex behavioural repertoire, and also importantly, they move slowly, and thus can be observed easily, and they shoal [form groups] when they are young.”
Shoaling behaviour exhibited in fish species, such as angelfish, are the result of an adaptation similar to that of herding animals. Sheltering in a large population of similar-looking animals acts as a defence against predation by individual fish, as hunter species are spoiled for choice of prey. As well it offers more eyes scanning an area for food sources. The ability to discern a larger school of fish from a smaller therefore contributes to survival for these species.
But Gerlai makes it clear that the behaviour demonstrated by the angelfish was not “counting” in any human conception of the term.
“What we did was ask angelfish which group they prefer, the small or the larger one, in a simple choice task where one shoal was presented on one side of the test tank and another on the other side,” says Gerlai. “What we varied was the ratio of the shoal sizes left versus right side, and also we varied the absolute difference between the shoals.”
“In this series, what we found was that the relative preference for the larger shoal depended on the size of the ratio and not on the absolute numerical difference between the shoals.”
In other words: the larger the ratio the stronger the preference. In essence, the fish were not counting individual fish in the shoals and were not subtracting one shoal number from another. Instead, the individuals chose which group to join according to the ratio of fish in each. Other factors, including location of a shoal colony (e.g. open water or close to a reef bed) and the amount of light being reflected off a school of fish, can also determine a fish’s preference.
Gerlai’s findings show that although angelfish are incapable of counting individual fish in a shoal, when tested in smaller ratios with very few individuals, angelfish seem to possess the ability to select shoals based on counting.
“It turns out that with smaller shoal members in a shoal, angelfish can go below 1.8:1. In fact, we found they can distinguish three from two fish, a ratio of 1.5:1. It is thus likely they use a method to judge shoal sizes that is different from what they do when they look at large shoals. One possibility is counting the individual members of the shoal.”
But why are fish only limited to low-number ratios when counting? The answer is again applicable to our own species. Most infants of a certain age can distinguish between three items or less; similarly, non-human species have a similar limitation. Gerlai notes that counting above three may not have had any adaptive advantage to individuals in the past, so this ability never had to develop.
The big question that this relates to is where our more sophisticated mathematical abilities have come from. Could they originate from an ancient fish ancestor? At this point we can’t answer this question, but Gerlai suggests that analyzing genes may hold the key. If researchers can find genes underlying counting abilities in multiple species similar to ours, it would corroborate the common evolutionary origin. | <urn:uuid:535bf899-8948-4078-b81f-c3d33084a548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.themedium.ca/news/angelfish-its-all-about-numbers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959195 | 1,023 | 3.828125 | 4 |
While hiking a few years back, I was admiring some really nice big poplar trees and a fellow hiker told me about the poplars at the Joyce Kilmer National Forest. He told me enough about it that I knew I wanted to go and when I got home I googled it.
It was hot and humid but lush and damp. Every shade of green was present.
This memorial forest was dedicated to Joyce Kilmer in July 30, 1936, after the Veterans of Foreign War petitioned the government to set aside a forested area to stand as a living memorial to Kilmer. After considering forest throughout the country, the Forest Service decided on an uncut 3,800 acre area along Little Santeetlah Creek. This virgin forest that had been saved due to the decline in lumber during the great depression.
Joyce Kilmer was a man.
A sergeant in the Fighting 69th regiment in WWI.
He was this type of solider: “Though he was eligible for commission as an officer and often recommended for such posts during the course of the war, Kilmer refused, stating that he would rather be a sergeant in the Fighting 69th than an officer in any other regiment.”
He was also a poet.
He wrote this when he was 27 while looking out an upstairs window upon a wooded hill.
Sadly he was killed in France by a sniper. He was 31. Leaving a wife and small children behind.
The trail is a little over 2 miles and steps through a thick forest with sunlight slipping through occasionally. Massive American Chestnuts lay on the forest floor devastated by a blight some hundred years ago. Still.
Thick, lush, green. Running water can be heard and sometimes seen.
The further back into the second loop the huge 400 year old Yellow Poplars can be seen. Little trails lead off the main trail inviting you to get closer and you can’t help but reach out to touch them.
Each one looks bigger than the last.
When we arrived at Field of the Wood there was a group assembled under a pavilion singing. I recognized Victory in Jesus wafting thru the air. I wanted to join them, but didn’t. While walking up the 350+ steps to the top of the ten commandments the “preaching” began… maybe it was more in line with screaming. It actually was more threatening sounding. I was so glad I didn’t join them.
There are many monuments and much to see here. When we came down from the Ten Commandments, they had several baptisms. We watched three generations be baptized.
Our last morning before heading home we took a drive on the Cherohala Skyway. (a beautiful long and scenic highway between North Carolina and Tennessee) We stopped to hike the Huckleberry Knob, a hike recommended by our host.
It was overcast with rain predicted later in the day.
Near the top of the knob was a gravesite of a lumberjack lost and froze to death in the winter of 1899. Slowing down to read the gravestone I saw something peeking out from underneath the stone. I thought it might be a geocache.
“Interested to know if you are blessed by this gift to you. Text or email me. Be blessed. Darren.”
I read it to Kevin. I decided to tuck the bible back and leave it for the next person. When I stood up there was a rainbow in the distance. That was not there moments ago. I stepped back a few feet to take a picture and I set my backpack down and there was a four-leaf clover at my foot.
I had been looking for one several times along the way to the top with no luck. I decided to tuck it into the bible and decided on Psalms 23. I read the verses before closing it up and replacing. I hope the next finder might also take the time to read these verses.
A universal passage for all.
I looked back at my photos and the time stamp and this all happened in 5 minutes. I text Darren and heard back from him. I hope he hears from the next finder too.
We turned to hike back to our car and it began to rain.
In retrospect I think about all these experiences. The religious park and the screaming preacher, Joyce Kilmer’s poem about God’s trees and Darren, a hiker, sharing a bible.
I prefer the quiet and reserved, simple but meaningful. It brought to mind the quote about preaching the gospel and if necessary use words.
God is found in quiet places.
Look for ways to share God in your quiet places. | <urn:uuid:f265cdf6-4b8d-4847-b3ea-f9f321de00e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lovethegiver.com/tag/bible/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975364 | 981 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Running a blog may also help your online business in several techniques. Each and every enterprise should showcase their items. Each individual services provider should establish their products and services are worthy of paying for.
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Content Is King
Content material is the key driver of effective advertising nowadays. The words and phrases to the webpage support your target audience discover you. Whether they are utilizing a online search engine like Google, or possibly a social web page like Fb or Twitter, your viewers will use keywords to seek out you - and Which means published written content in all forms. This contains your video titles and descriptions, image names, and much more.
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If you employ blogging computer software like WordPress, you'll have access to 1000s of totally free mini-applications named plugins. They add performance to a website and/or adjust its visual appeal and sort of internet 프로그램밍 site totally.
Blogging is perfect for website traffic, guide technology, and income. If you would like teach you're inside the know, You'll need a weblog. | <urn:uuid:28f91e83-c706-43dd-9fee-3da6af629802> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://elliotrrvg730.yousher.com/yes-blogging-might-help-your-organization | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.943435 | 607 | 1.671875 | 2 |
I saw an interesting question over at the film & TV site:
Why do [the fictional American politicians in the US version of House of Cards] refer to Palestine as a country?
In the "Jordan Valley" episodes of House of Cards, the characters routinely refer to "Palestine" as if it were an actual country. I have never seen real American politicians do that. Is the in-show universe different than our own, one in which Palestine became a recognized country?
... [in comments] Real American politicians may say "Palestinian" but rarely "Palestine", except when they are explicitly talking about the possibility of a future state
... U.S. politicians never refer to [the Palestinian territories as they are today] as "Palestine". This would be cause strenuous objections by Israel if it were to occur.
This got me wondering - how do US politicians refer to Palestine, if not as "Palestine"? Obviously the US is one of the countries that doesn't formally recognise Palestine as a state, but the Palestinian territories are a de-facto state (largely self-governing, etc), and an important and oft-discussed one for US foreign policy.
How are the lands governed by the Palestinian National Authority referred to by American politicians? Is there a standard or protocol? Does it vary between parties or factions?
I'm mostly interested in on-the-record speech, but if there's evidence or examples of politicians using different language in formal speeches as to informal or off-the-record conversation, that'd be a very interesting detail.
As a side note, I'm also curious about whether the same naming policy is used for Palestine as other non-recognised de-facto states like Somaliland, Transnistria, Western Sahara, etc. | <urn:uuid:84e4cccb-afe6-4b23-9856-a2047bf52c19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/9797/how-do-american-politicians-refer-to-palestine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968179 | 368 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Other Names: Prickly heat
Nature: An itchy skin rash caused when the body is trying to sweat but the sweat glands are blocked (with dead skin cells, oil deposits etc), perhaps from lack of use over winter. The rash is fine and bumpy - the miliaria part of the name. "Rubra" describes when the bumps more red and inflamed, responding often to and increase in bacteria or some other irritation; "crystallina" describes clear, sweat filled bumps with less inflammation.
Incidence: Miliaria is commonest in hot, humid conditions but may occur in desert regions. It affects up to 30% of people exposed to these climatic conditions. It may begin within a few days of arrival in a tropical climate but is maximal after 2-5 months. There is a striking variation in individual susceptibility. Infants are especially prone.
Problem Type: G: Very specific problems
Date of last update 04.10.2020 – 22:48 CEST | <urn:uuid:cb7b221c-f183-4264-96aa-17c83804eaa6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/140108 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921287 | 224 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Khalid noor he is basically in fitness line since 5 years and also a fitness model too. and yes no doubt lots of people ask that how we can make a good physics like you …..
He believes that Exercising regularly, every day if possible, is the single most important thing you can do for your health. In the short term, exercise helps to control appetite, boost mood, and improve sleep. In the long term, it reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, dementia, depression, and many cancers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the
And following :. ADULTS FOR ALL AGE, CHILDREN, PREGNANT WOMEN
And if we talk about men’s? Men’s Health
The average man pays less attention to his health than the average woman. Compared to women, men are more likely to
• drink alcohol and use tobacco
• make risky choices
• not see a doctor for regular checkups
Men are assailed by the diseases that can affect anyone—heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, depression… But they also have unique issues such as prostate cancer and benign prostate enlargement.
Many of the major health risks that men face can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle: regular exercise, a healthy diet, not smoking, stress reduction, and alcohol consumption in the moderate range (no more than two drinks a day) if at all. Regular checkups and screening tests can spot disease early, when it is easiest to treat.
So don’t be an average man — get on board with protecting your health today.
No matter what it is, everyone should be fit and fine and it’s for all men /women
SO BE FIT AND HEALTHY AND KEEP MOTIVATE
(Khalid Noor Zakhail) | <urn:uuid:aabb4e8f-9895-4780-96e0-3d4105b364f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://banarastimes.com/witness-the-fitness.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.924627 | 394 | 2.40625 | 2 |
What is Animal Communication?
Animal Communication is the process by which a human can use telepathy to connect with and interpret an Animal’s thoughts and emotions. It is by this manner, a human can directly "hold a dialogue" with an Animal to gain a deeper understanding of the Animal’s disposition and outlook. An Animal Communicator assists people and their beloved pets by helping them to strengthen their understanding of each other, and to discover their purpose together on this earth.
There are several reasons why you may want to consider seeking out the assistance of an Animal Communicator:
·When your Pet has puzzling behavior and the cause is unknown
·When your Pet has health problems or illness
·When your Pet has abuse or trauma issues in their past
·When your Pet seems lethargic or depressed
·When your Pet is lost or missing
·When your Pet is nearing transition and you have questions about euthanasia issues
·When you would like to speak with a beloved companion that has passed
·When your Pet has been a rescue and you want to discover what they have experienced in their lifetime before you became their human
It is by means of this holistic exchange known as Animal Communication, that we as humans are able to better help our Pets who may be struggling to cope with illness, injury, stress or emotional difficulties. Our furry, feathery or scaly little friends will often feel a profound sense of liberation when they are able to reveal themselves to us - their humans. | <urn:uuid:5b675d8e-e405-446c-83b5-ac86e21ba9b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://spiritualpet.com/animal-communication.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975894 | 303 | 3.140625 | 3 |
COMMENTARY ON CLEAN POWER PLAN LITIGATION
AEE believes the nature of the electric power system and trends in the energy markets provide a strong basis for the EPA Clean Air Act rule
[Washington, D.C., September 23, 2016] — The case against EPA’s Clean Power Plan will be heard by the full U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia next week, on Tues., Sept. 27. One of the issues that is likely to be raised in oral arguments, and the eventual decision, is EPA’s consideration of actions that could be taken in the electric power system “beyond the fence line” of carbon-emitting power plants, in setting the carbon emission targets. Such actions include, for example, investing in or utilizing wind and solar to reduce carbon emissions.
Plaintiffs will argue that it is improper to include beyond-the-fence-line elements in EPA’s definition of the Best System of Emission Reduction. They will further argue that it is costly and burdensome to expect states, let alone power plants subject to regulation under the Clean Air Act, to utilize beyond-the-fence-line solutions for compliance, rather than only measures that can be taken at the power plants themselves.
AEE – an intervenor in the case – sees sound basis for EPA’s regulation in the workings of the electric power system itself and in current trends in the market for electric power.
Below are comments addressing the points raised by plaintiffs from Malcolm Woolf, Senior Vice President for Policy and Government Affairs at Advanced Energy Economy, a national business group:
On beyond-the-fence-line elements of EPA’s Best System of Emission Reduction (BSER);
“EPA is right to consider electric power as a system, rather than as simply a collection of independent individual power plants. The Agency has correctly recognized that power plants operate within a highly integrated system of generation, transmission, and distribution facilities, so actions taken throughout that system impact the greenhouse gas emissions from existing power plants.
“In some cases, it may be appropriate to reduce emissions at particular plants by making them more efficient. In other cases, however, more cost-effective solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions within the integrated electricity system are often available beyond the emitting plants themselves. And utilities and other owners of emitting generators have years of experience investing in wind, solar, and other solutions. EPA is right to consider beyond-the-fence-line measures in its ‘best system of emission reduction.”
On whether it is reasonable to expect operators of individual power plants under jurisdiction of the Clean Power Plan to employ measures outside of those power plants for compliance:
“There is nothing exotic about power plant owners going into the marketplace to obtain the technologies they need to meet standards for emissions set by EPA. In fact, this is very much consistent with prior EPA rules, and the very nature of the industry. All systems of emission reduction rely on transactions with third party entities, including pollution control devices that are applied directly to power plants. Typically, power plant operators do not construct or install those technologies themselves, but rather buy them from providers of those technologies.
“In the case of the Clean Power Plan, owners and operators of power plants already regularly procure products and services that can reduce carbon emissions and which would be eligible for compliance. Many utilities and owners of power plants already own or contract for renewable energy, and all are certainly capable of doing so. Most utilities also operate or contract with third-party providers for programs that reduce demand for electricity. They could easily ramp up those energy efficiency programs for compliance with the Clean Power Plan. Non-utility power plant operators could contribute to those programs, or pay for energy efficiency through a system of credits similar to those used for compliance with state renewable energy standards. And most power plant owners have years of experience using tradable compliance instruments like renewable energy credits (RECs) or nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission credits, so using the credits envisioned under the Clean Power Plan to expand compliance flexibility is familiar territory. In short, nothing in the Clean Power Plan would require utilities or other power plant operators to do anything they don’t know how to do.”
On claims that what is required under the Clean Power Plan is difficult, onerous, and costly:
“Simply put, compliance with the Clean Power Plan is not difficult. While requirements vary from state to state, compliance requires nothing new from what we already see happening in the market today.
“Coal-fired power is being displaced by cheaper, cleaner burning natural gas. Utilities, previously carrying out state mandates, are now investing in wind and solar power as the cheapest new energy source in many places, while also providing a hedge against the price volatility of fossil fuels. Fortune 500 companies such as Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, and Salesforce are purchasing renewable power directly to meet their own corporate sustainability commitments. Rooftop solar is a hit with businesses and residential consumers in states from New Jersey to California. Energy efficiency is half the cost of additional power generation for meeting our energy needs. Sophisticated energy management systems for commercial buildings and the home are making saving energy easy. Energy storage, which is starting to be deployed at customer sites and on the power grid, promises eventually to free us from costly conventional peaking power plants that are needed only to meet peak demand for a few hours a year.
“This is the direction the market is going. As has been well documented in public analysis, six years prior to the compliance period states like North Carolina, Oklahoma and South Dakota have already met their early Clean Power Plan targets and others like Arkansas have achieved their final 2030 targets. The Clean Power Plan will only accelerate changes in the electric power system already under way, and provide market certainty for the growth of advanced energy products and services. In the end, the Clean Power Plan’s goals will be neither costly nor difficult to achieve.”
About Advanced Energy Economy
Advanced Energy Economy (AEE) is a national association of businesses making the energy we use secure, clean, and affordable. AEE’s mission is to transform public policy to enable rapid growth of advanced energy businesses. AEE works with member companies located and doing business in California to help the state reach its energy and climate goals. Visit AEE online at www.aee.net
- Map Graphic: Status of State CPP planning and litigation response for all 50 states—illustrated state maps are here.
- Integrating Renewable Energy into the Electricity Grid, The Brattle Group (with case studies from ERCOT and Xcel Energy Colorado) report is here.
- Competitiveness of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in U.S. Markets report here.
- State CPP compliance modeling shows for various states analyzed, most can comply and reduce electric costs for customers by incorporating energy efficiency, renewables and natural gas. See analysis and access model tools for Arkansas, Illinois, Florida, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
- This is Advanced Energy,directory of 52 technologies, is here.
- NERC’s Clean Power Plan “Phase I” Reliability Assessment: A Critique (of the April 21, 2016 report) is here.
- Markets Drive Innovation: Why history shows that Clean Power Plan will stimulate a robust industry response report is here. | <urn:uuid:d8281d67-b894-4772-9eee-c6e4d6c81f1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aee.net/articles/aee-comments-on-clean-power-plan-litigation-oral-arguments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941627 | 1,532 | 1.8125 | 2 |
- Understanding Vector and Raster Graphics
- Understanding Paths
- Creating Rectangles and Ellipses
- Creating Polygons and Stars
- Creating Line Segments
- Creating Arcs and Spirals
- Creating Grids
- Understanding Selections
- Using the Selection Tool
- Using the Direct Selection Tool
- Using the Lasso Tool
- Using the Magic Wand Tool
- Selecting and Grouping
- Selecting Similar Objects
- Saving and Editing Selections
- Moving Objects
- Duplicating Objects
- Aligning and Distributing Objects
- Transforming Objects
- Using the Free Transform Tool
- Rotating and Scaling Objects
- Reflecting and Shearing Objects
- Applying Multiple Transformations
- Reshaping Objects with Envelopes
Reshaping Objects with Envelopes
Envelopes are objects you can use to reshape other objects, except graphs, guides, or linked objects. You can use one of the built-in envelopes or create your own out of an existing object. The built-in envelopes use warp shapes or a mesh grid as the object. After you apply an envelope, you can edit the original object or the envelope (anchor points), separately, using the Selection and Mesh tools on the Tools panel.
Distort Objects with an Envelope
- Select the Selection tool on the Tools panel.
- Select one or more objects to reshape.
- Click the Object menu, point to Envelope Distort, and then click one of the following:
Make With Warp. Uses a preset warp shape.
Make with Mesh. Uses a rectangle grid.
Make With Top Object. Uses an object as the shape of the envelope. The object needs to be at the top of the stacking order.
- Specify the options you want for the envelope type; select the Preview check box to view your changes on the selected object.
- Click OK.
- Do any of the following:
Reshape. Select the Selection or Mesh tool, and then drag any anchor points.
Delete Anchor Points. For a mesh grid, Select the Selection or Mesh tool, select an anchor point, and then press Delete.
Add Anchor Points. For mesh grid, select the Mesh tool, and then click on the grid. | <urn:uuid:d65635ac-1ecd-42bd-9b18-ff577649c591> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1312475&seqNum=25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.788453 | 498 | 3.53125 | 4 |
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This article will give you a quick overview on data mining and its regulations, as well as the regulations for privacy and data privacy. The calculation of the market cap involves the use of the bitcoin price, the volume of each cryptocurrency and the price of each cryptocurrency. A quick glance at the bitcoin blockchain reveals that it is made up of a vast number of blocks that are linked together in chronological order to form an immutable and secure ledger of transactions that can be viewed by the general public. Pero lo peor es que, para ser muy transparente, los bancos y las instituciones de. If you have binance account, you can exchange your bitcoin for etheremon at binance with the current rate 0.0018 eth to 1,300 etc how do you trade bitcoin for cash per transaction! Un how to sell lottery tickets cálculo con los precios del lujo de los bitcoins han sido el punto de partida para una investigación en curso que busca explicar la inversión en criptomonedas y la inversión en dinero en el mundo virtual. The price for each of these cryptocurrencies is listed here. That matters here is that you don't have to have an investment that contains. If all coins in a blockchain were to be spent on btc or bcc, the money would be converted back to btc or bcc. They are traded, and bought and sold at stock exchanges. New york stock exchange has announced a bitcoin exchange with bitfinex that will launch in new york. If the returns for investing in bitcoin are anything like those you can get, i would recommend that you invest in bitcoin as a long term investment for your retirement.
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This was a great option because it is the same as having a debit card, you simply pay the fee when using the card. However, it has been very difficult for most investors to make profit. Cryptocurrency is a form of digital money which is accepted and traded across the globe. The digital currency has lowest fees to buy bitcoin uk been trading on a number of exchanges. If you haven’t yet, you will need to create a new wallet. It's how do you trade bitcoin for cash not the same thing as if someone buys your product directly from your website. This article lists the best currency exchange apps available on the ios and android platform for currency exchange, which you can download for free. This is especially important in the case where the market has more than one currency that is used for day trading. This is done by using a process called cryptography. The question is not about a specific thing like trading oil for a specific purpose. We have to invest 1000 bitcoins into this investment. The market has been moving with the forex trading forex chart in between the low low low low. | <urn:uuid:92dc4805-d5d1-4017-8086-eb21d1eef49c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ukrintorg.com/39410-how-do-you-trade-bitcoin-for-cash-36558/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.93483 | 1,801 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The Department of Geographic Information Science at the University of Redlands offers you a personalized GIS graduate education in beautiful Redlands, California, home to the world's leading GIS company, Esri.
Our students include professionals currently employed in any field using geographic information and recent university graduates who would like to begin a career in a GIS-related field. With the balanced curriculum and strong technical support, the students gain substantial intellectual growth in an open learning environment. Many of our alumni are leading applications specialists, applications software developers, and project managers in various private and public organizations. The residential program also provides a great opportunity for building a strong professional network and everlasting friendships.
The Master of Science in Geographic Information Systems (MS GIS) Program is designed for professionals and recent graduates seeking to enhance their knowledge of the analysis, management, and communication of geographic information. A major individual project integrates and demonstrates students' newly attained knowledge and skills.
The Master of Geographic Information Systems (MGIS) degree is designed for professionals who look for an accelerated program to enhance their knowledge of the analysis, management, and communication of geographic information. The program consists of 8 months of coursework and the undertaking of an internship of 400 hours.
The online Master of Geographic Information Systems (MGIS) degree is designed for professionals who look for a graduate GIS program to enhance their knowledge of the analysis, management, and communication of geographic information. The program consists of 17 months of coursework and the undertaking of an internship of 400 hours.
The ideal candidate for this online GIS certificate program is a professional with a
bachelor’s degree who is not entirely familiar with the principles of GIS
and whose workplace has adopted the use of GIS in their daily work, or
a professional who is interested in using GIS technology to collect and
analyze data in a meaningful way in their field of expertise.
Students not only learn the critical theoretical foundations and the cutting-edge geospatial technologies, but also explore broader issues related to effective and appropriate application of the technology.
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Being close to the headquarter of Esri, our students have access to extensive Esri resources including instructor-led trainings, experienced Esri faculty, Esri library access, and professional Esri conferences.
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Our students put skills into practice through a Major Individual Project that addresses a real-world spatial problem for an external client or a professional GIS Internship, then make a formal presentation at a professional conference.
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Each student works closely with a faculty member and an advisory committee. Besides the full-time faculty, students also learn from experienced adjunct faculty from Esri who have many years of experience in developing GIS.
REQUEST MORE INFORMATION
Our students have access to a wide range of GIS, image analysis, and cartographic design software, and receive strong technical support and consulting from the Center for Spatial Studies and the University ITS.
LEARN ABOUT TECHNOLOGY
We have maintained a cohesive community of students, alumni, and employers that fosters a close relationship and provides important career development for our students.
FIND OUT PEOPLE
Cohort 41 joined the Redlands community in January, 2022. Welcome onboard and wish everyone has a successful journey of learning GIS at Redlands.
Congratulations, Cohort 37.5 and 39, for successfully completing your GIS journey at Redlands! Wish you all a bright GIS career!
The GIS Department welcomed Cohort 39 in January 2021.
Aubri Kinghorn is the recipient of the 2021 Rogers Tomlinson Award for her excellent academic performance and creative application of geospatial technologies in map-making.
The undergraduate GIS Pathway Program is receiving applications. All UR undergraduates who are interested in pursuing a Master's degree in GIS are encouraged to apply. | <urn:uuid:35053f50-415a-4bba-92ed-06cd4a1a24a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redlands.edu/study/schools-and-centers/college-of-arts-and-sciences/geographic-information-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934704 | 803 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Misinformation has become a key focus for every digital platform, and this week, TikTok has announced a new initiative to help improve digital literacy, and stop the spread of misleading reports within its app.
Called #FactCheckYourFeed, the new campaign aims to help equip TikTok users with the skills they need to “critically engage with content, navigate our platform safely and guard themselves against potential harms.”
As you can see in this example, the new initiative will use TikTok clips from a range of creators and public figures to outline key lessons in how to detect and avoid misleading info online, all presented in TikTok’s unique style.
As explained by TikTok:
“We take the responsibility to help educate our users seriously, which means making sure that everyone has access to good, accurate information whenever they need it. To achieve this, it’s important that our users are able to correctly identify what they are watching and to know if they are being given potentially inaccurate or harmful information.”
Digital literacy is now a critical consideration for social media platforms specifically, with around 71% of people now getting at least some of their news input from social media apps. That makes all social platforms key news sources, and with the real-time, public nature of social feeds, that also lends the medium to misinformation campaigns, and targeted pushes aimed to influence public action based on variable agendas.
And while TikTok is not considered a key source of such efforts, it is being targeted by misinformation and disinformation groups.
As per the platform’s most recent transparency report, TikTok removed over 340,000 videos in the US in the second half of last year for breaking its rules around election misinformation, while it’s also being used to spread propaganda and politically-focused content in various regions.
In some ways, TikTok may actually be even more important for such efforts, given its popularity among younger audiences. If TikTok can play a role in providing such education to younger user groups, that can help to increase awareness moving forward, which will better position people to view such content with a more critical eye in future.
I mean, really, we should be teaching digital literacy in schools as a matter of course – as is now done in Finland – given the significance of its role in influencing political movements and voter activity around the polls.
But with that still seemingly a long way off, programs like this will have to do, and it’s good to see TikTok taking the initiative and looking to provide more guidance to users on the key things to watch for, while also communicating that to them in the ways they’re more comfortable with, and responsive to.
“Our ambition is for #FactCheckYourFeed to encourage our community to dig a little deeper and think a little wider. Developing these important skills will not only help people while online, but in their everyday lives.”
An important, and valuable, aim, which could have a range of flow-on benefits. | <urn:uuid:db381510-8436-4156-8d2d-a953bae57bf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infoquin.com/tiktok-launches-a-new-factcheckyourfeed-initiative-to-promote-digital-literacy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948819 | 621 | 2.984375 | 3 |
This expertly curated online course guides you through the process of family history research. Short activities and case studies offer practical examples to explore, and we provide ongoing support in a friendly forum environment.
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Branching out is a public course that requires registration. You must log in to access this course. For more information, email email@example.com.
This self-paced course is designed to help you understand basic concepts and tools so you can use the internet with confidence.
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This self-paced course is for everyone who wants to improve their online search skills. Whatever the information you're seeking - from family history to a research project, restaurant reviews to health advice - we'll show you how to retrieve the most effective, reliable search results.
We'll look atand search operators, how to identify bias and ways to quickly make sense of your search results.
The course also introduces you to the range of information resources held by libraries, both online and on the shelves.
This self-paced course is designed to help researchers of all levels find information and collections in different organisations.
We'll explore the different collecting organisations and the types of information they collect.
We'll also show you how to search for collections online and how to access research databases. | <urn:uuid:d183d232-d508-4c07-9887-dc5a27a1b8e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learning.slv.vic.gov.au/course/index.php?categoryid=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.9161 | 355 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Roulette is actually one of the simplest games around and it is this fact, as well as the glamour and the chance to win big, that makes it such a popular game with casino fans everywhere. If you want to join the roulette party but don’t know where to start, we can tell you: right here!
How and When Roulette Emerged
As with many things in life and almost all casino games (bar the ones most recently invented) the exact origins of roulette are a little murky and disputed. What is fairly certain is that the game began in France in the 18th century and indeed the name roulette almost certainly derives from a much earlier “Old French” word, roelete, meaning “little wheel”. That word is thought to have come from the Latin word rota, meaning wheel. Etymology aside, let’s take a look at roulette in its early years.
It is felt that roulette was preceded by a number of games, including various English wheel games such as Roly-Poly and Ace of Hearts, and also some existing Italian and French games. In fact, as early as the 17th century a French physicist, Blaise Pascal, may have invented what could be viewed as the first ever roulette wheel when he was attempting to create a perpetual motion machine… the world energy issue’s loss is our gain then I guess!
One undeniable fact is that by the late 18th century, France – and Paris in particular – was enthralled with the game, an 1801 novel describing roulette almost exactly as we know it. In fact, there is a written reference to the game as early as 1758 but it wasn’t until later that the game really began to gain popularity, spreading throughout Europe via merchants and traders. In the beginning, roulette had both a single and double zero, the former being red, the latter black, though by the start of the 19th century these had become green.
It was in 1843 when the single zero version of roulette was developed, casinos introducing this more player-friendly variant to attract business and unsurprisingly it was a big hit with roulette fans. The game continued to spread, immigrants bringing roulette into America, firstly in French New Orleans, although it was only ever the double zero version of roulette that was played in the USA.
From these early games little has changed and whilst, of course, the advent of online, mobile and live dealer roulette have brought the game to a wider audience and allowed such developments as progressive games, bonus roulette and other variants, in essence, roulette now is exactly as it was 200 years ago. Read more roulette history here.
For your convenience, we have also listed some interesting terminology relating to roulette.
- House Edge – As said, roulette has a reasonable – compared to many other casino games – house edge of 2.7% in the single zero version of the game. As for the double zero… don’t bother!
- The Devil – Add up all the numbers of the roulette wheel and you get…666! This is just a coincidence of course(!) but it is claimed that one of roulette’s early kingpins learned the secrets of the game from the devil himself!
- Einstein’s Thoughts… – Didn’t believe us when we said there was no system to beat roulette? Okay, well check out what Einstein thought: “No one can possibly win at roulette unless he steals money from the table while the croupier isn’t looking.”
- Odds on… – The odds on 10 straight reds are roughly the same as the odds on zero (or any other number) coming up twice in a row. Not that uncommon, eh?
- Martingale – Did we mention this was a bad system? Don’t ever play it!
- California Roulette – This game was invented in 2004 as a legal version of roulette in California, using cards instead of a standard roulette wheel.
- Bet Your Life On It? – In 2004, Ashley Revell from Kent, then aged 32, sold all his worldly possessions, including his name and went to Vegas for the bet of a lifetime. He stuck everything – £76, 840 to be exact – on red. See what happened in the amazing video below…
- Mike Ashley – Newcastle United owner, billionaire and boss of Sports Direct Mike Ashley can trump Revell and then some. In 2008 he won £1.3m on a single spin in a Mayfair casino. The bets covered every possible bet involving his lucky number, 17, and his profit from his total stake of £480,000 was more than £800,000 when the ball dropped into 17.
- Duck – In 2007 a man wagered a duck in a Las Vegas casino on double zero. When the bet won pit bosses informed the man that ducks were not accepted at the table and he was given just 25c in compensation.
- Duck – The duck fact above, it isn’t true. The rest are though…roulette’s a great game!
Roulette Rules and Objective
Roulette really couldn’t be any easier to play, especially online. Assuming you already have an account with an online casino just head to the table games section and load up roulette, ideally European roulette (for reasons explained later).
If you don’t already have an online casino account why not check out our casino bonuses section to find out more about the different online and mobile casino and roulette sites and the different promotions and freebies they offer new customers?
Once you have your roulette game up and ready to play, all you have to do is decide what number, colour or combination of various numbers (and colour too, if you want) you want to bet on.
Playing online is, as said, incredibly simple because you don’t need to worry about saying or doing the wrong thing and the casino software won’t allow you to place a bet that breaches the minimum or maximum limits of the table.
In European roulette (of which more later) every bet has the same ratio between the odds it pays out and the probability of it winning, so whether you bet on one single number, 18 single numbers, red, black, odds, evens or anything else, the casino’s advantage remains the same, and therefore so do your chances of profitability.
A roulette wheel consists of the numbers from 1 to 36, with half being red and half being black. Equally, of course, half of those numbers are even, whilst the other half are odd and in addition, there is a single, green zero, making for a total of 37 “pockets” in which the ball can come to rest.
All single number bets pay out at odds of 35/1, meaning a £1 bet on a single number returns £35 plus your £1 stake. As such, if you removed the green zero from the equation you could put £1 on every single number and break even every time. Not much fun, that’s for sure, but what that shows is that it is the green zero, or rather the fact that there is an extra “number” on the table not fairly reflected in the odds, that gives the casino the advantage – called the house edge.
Bet Types and Casino Odds in Roulette
Whilst many beginners will choose to start with a simple bet, such as red or black or odd or even, there are a whole host of different betting options when playing roulette. As stated, they all carry the same risk/reward ratio, so in the long term, your chance of winning is the same.
What differs is the short-term results and the variance. For example, obviously, if you bet on a colour – almost half the wheel – your chances of winning that individual bet are far greater than if you back just a single number. But the reward for the single number is so much greater.
So, for example, if you placed 1,000 bets on red, you would expect to win just under half of the time and thus make a small loss. There would be some variance from this so you might win 510, 540 or, if you were less lucky, perhaps only 470 or, if you were very unlucky, maybe just 400 times. However, the overall profit or loss would remain fairly steady because of the relatively low odds for a win.
However, place 1000 bets on zero (zero, like any single number, pays at 35/1 remember) and you would expect to win 27 times and again, make a small loss. However, with just a little bit of luck, you might win 30, 35 or even 40 times and thus make a substantial profit because the payout for a win is so big. However, it wouldn’t take such a huge swing of bad luck for you to only win, for example, 10 times and this would lead to a substantial loss.
A single number and a colour are at opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to roulette, one offering the smallest odds but the best chance of winning, the other the highest odds but the worst chance of success. In between, there are many options, including backing combinations of bets, and here we list some possible bets you can make in roulette.
- Split – Any two numbers vertically horizontally next to each other, paying out at 17/1
- Street – Any three numbers in a horizontal row, e.g. 4, 5, 6 at odds of 11/1
- Corner – Any block of four adjoining numbers with odds of 8/1
- Six line – Six numbers from two horizontal rows, paying out at 5/1
- Dozens – The first dozen includes numbers 1-12, the second 13-24 and the third 25-36, all of which pay at 2/1
- Even Money – If you bet on red or black, odd or even, or high (19-36) or low (1-18) the payout is the same – even money
Many of these bets can be recreated by mixing other bets, for example putting £10 on 1 and £10 on 2 is the same as putting £20 on the 1 and 2 split. Equally putting £10 on all the odd numbers is the same as a bet of £180 on the odds.
Playing online roulette is, as said, really easy, because the software just won’t allow you to place a bet that isn’t allowed, be that because it’s too small, too big, too late (after “no more bets” has been called once the ball is in the wheel) or because it’s not a valid combination.
With many online roulette sites, the minimum and maximum stakes will be displayed either in the rules when you hover over a given number/combination or on a visible “card” that lists the various limits. Hovering over your bet may also detail the payout odds so playing roulette online really couldn’t be any easier, especially as this all happens at your own pace (as unless you are playing live dealer roulette you decide when to spin the wheel).
Payouts are automatically calculated for you with returns automatically being added to your chips and the balance clearly displayed, making it easy to know if you are winning, losing or breaking even.
Roulette House Edge and True Odds Explained
The house edge is something that is brought up often in gambling literature and guides. But what is it exactly? The house edge refers to the mathematical statistical advantage that the casino has over the players in terms of the money paid out as winnings versus the money lost by players over the course of hundreds of thousands of spins. This is also where the profits of a casino come from, be it land-based or virtual. So how does it actually work?
Casino games are designed so that the odds of winning a bet are lower than the payout ratio for that same bet. For example, a Straight Up bet on European Roulette has a payout ratio of 35/1, meaning that you win $35 for every $1 that you wagered. This is also sometimes referred to as casino odds. True odds are the probability of winning the same bet, in the case of a Straight Up – 1 to 36. This is where the disconnect comes in. If the payout was according to the true odds then it would be 36/1, not 35/1. The difference between the true odds and the casino odds are what we call house edge. For example, a Straight Up bet will statistically win in every 1 out of 37 scenarios, but the winnings do not cover for the losses all the spins lost.
In European Roulette, that difference is 2.7% across the board. However, in American Roulette, the difference is higher as the game features an additional pocket but does not balance the payouts to reflect that. As a result, the house edge is increased to approximately 5.27% for all bets, with the exception of the Basket bet. The Basket Bet – a wager on 0-00-1-2-3 – comes with a payout ratio of 6/1, but has a win rate of 5 out of 38 spins. This results in a house edge of 7.89%, significantly higher than any other bet in the game.
Beginner Tips for Improving Winning Odds in Roulette
Being new to a game is a fun and exciting experience, but also one where we have no idea what we are doing. In such scenarios, one is often susceptible to believe rumours and myths, because they simply do not know better. This is a pitfall that many gamblers face when they first encounter roulette or any casino game for that matter. The gambling world is full of misconceptions and anecdotes presented as indisputable facts.
Unfortunately, many inexperienced players make the mistake of believing all sort of misinformative literature that guarantees them a win. Rather than give you some tips on how to achieve a large profit, we will list some of the most detrimental activities that you can engage in and the worst mindsets that you can fall into when playing roulette.
Martingale is a roulette betting system that originated in 18th century France and dictates that whenever you lose you should just double your stake. It is mainly used for roulette betting on the even-money options but can really be used to bet on any event, from sports betting to casino games, where the odds are around evens.
In theory, this looks like a system that can’t lose because whenever a losing sequence ends, the staking plan means that you will be left with a profit of one. However, unless you have an online casino with no maximum bet, as well as a bottomless wallet and a never-ending amount of time, the Martingale system is guaranteed to lose.
Many people think they are the first to dream up this system, whilst others may even pay to use it but in truth, whilst it may deliver lots and lots of very small wins, eventually a very large loss will wipe you out. The chances of five, 10 or even 15 straight losses coming up are far greater than people think and when such a bad run hits, your profits – along with your savings if you’re stupid/unlucky – will be gone.
If there are eight reds in a row, the next one must be black
A roulette table is a piece of machinery with no memory and which gives an equal chance of any number or colour coming up on any given spin. People think that if there are eight reds the next spin MUST be a black but this isn’t the case.
This links into Martingale too because people think there just couldn’t be 10 blacks in a row, and hence assume their system will work. 10 blacks in a row happens every single day. Equally, if you see the same number twice in a row, that number has just the same chance on the next spin as any other.
Roulette Can Be Beaten
As said, roulette cannot be beaten. The casino has the advantage and whatever you bet on and however much you bet you cannot get around that fact in the long term. Yes, systems, including Martingale, are capable of delivering some wins but NEVER pay for a system and NEVER think you can beat roulette as that will simply lead onto the next point.
All, or certainly many, of our bad roulette strategies and myths are linked and this is the case here. If you think you can beat roulette, or you use Martingale, or you think that what has happened before impacts what will happen next, there is a big chance you will chase your losses.
Roulette Advanced Strategies and Techniques
Roulette doesn’t have a system or strategy that allows you to beat the casino and if you remember that you won’t go wrong. If you ever see a roulette system offering to guarantee a profit or, worse, you ever see a roulette betting system for sale, ignore it! Roulette systems and strategies are older than the hills but none can beat the simple mathematical advantage the casino has due to the difference between the odds paid out and the probability of any given outcome.
Granted, some players might have relative success in the short term, but over time this advantage will be forfeited to the house edge. Remember, any gambling system is only as good as the RNG that it relies on and as we know, when RNG is introduced, nothing is certain.
Interesting Variations of Roulette
Over the years, roulette has developed into a diverse and engaging casino game genre, with several different variations available at just about any online casino. Roulette fans will be pleased that they will have multiple options when it comes to playing their favourite game.
One of the oldest variations of the game, French Roulette is one of the most popular sub-genres that you can find on the Internet. This game utilizes the single-zero wheel layout and as such, features a 2.7% house edge. French Roulette is highly stylized and uses a different look for the betting layout, portraying many of the bets with their French names. The iconic feature of the French variation are the ‘la partage’ and ‘en prison’ rules, which are exclusive to this subgenre of roulette. The ‘la partage’ returns half of your bet if you lose an even money wager when the ball lands in the zero pocket, whereas, the ‘en prison’ keeps your money for another spin allowing you to win it back. These two rules are generally mutually-exclusive, meaning that you will only encounter them one at a time, but they do serve the same purpose, which is driving down the house edge by half to 1.35% on even money waggers.
Being one of the classic versions of the game, each software provider has their own unique French Roulette title, making it one of the most widely available on the Internet.
European Roulette is perhaps the most widespread variation of the game that you will find at online casinos. It is directly inspired by the vanilla version of roulette, making it instantly recognizable by the general gambling community.
It employs the traditional 37-pocket wheel, which features 36 alternating black and red pockets and a single green pocket used for the zero. This result in a low house edge of 2.7%, which is considerably less than many other casino games out there. European Roulette is a safe choice and we are sure that you will have great fun playing this all-time classic.
American Roulette is what you would want to play if you wish to experience Las Vegas gambling. As the name implies, American Roulette is primarily played in the United States, where it is a main attraction in many gambling cities. Luckily for you, you will not have to travel to these locations to play this game. As it happens, American Roulette is quite popular among the gambling community and every software provider has developed their own unique version of it. As a result, you will be able to place a few bets on this variation regardless of where you choose to play.
American Roulette is played with a 38-pocket wheel, upon which you will find 36 alternating black and red pockets, as well as, a couple of green ones used for the zero and the double-zero. The house edge is an appropriate 5.27%, which does make it less profitable than European and French Roulette, though.
Age of the Gods Roulette by Playtech
Leave it to Playtech to bring some innovation to an already centuries-old genre. This software provider has brought together the original game of roulette and their Age of the Gods series, forming one of the most popular progressive table games in the world. The wheel features the usual 36 red and black pockets, a green one for the zero, and an additional pocket with the Age of the Gods symbol. The 38-pocket variation results in the game having a house edge of 5.27%, similarly to American Roulette.
However, Age of the Gods Roulette does have the added benefit of offering a progressive jackpot. A player can activate the bonus round when the ball lands in the Age of the Gods pocket, where four jackpots can be won. The different jackpots differ in size when compared to each other and their value will also be affected by the size of your bet. Therefore, the more that you wager the higher the jackpot that you stand to win.
Overall, Roulette is a great way to pass the time and you will have multiple games at your disposal, regardless of your gambling website of choice. The genre is quite diverse and gives you a certain sense of control over the risks you can take. Rarely does a casino game provide you with the opportunity to place both low- and high-risk wagers at your discretion. This contributes to the popularity of the game and we can only rejoice at the thought. | <urn:uuid:cb7c7a8c-df35-4e7a-b683-904d4c42c205> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mobilecasinohub.com/roulette | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955818 | 4,616 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Why snow plus sports so often equals injuries
Winter sports are certainly popular in northern and central New York. But whether it’s skating, skiing or sledding, falling on the snow or ice is inevitable -- and can lead to injury. This week on WRVO's health and wellness show "Take Care," hosts Linda Lowen and Lorraine Rapp speak with Syracuse-based orthopedist Dr. Naven Duggal about the risks of winter sports and how to prevent injuries.
Linda Lowen: There are so many different winter sports, and then of course the accompanying injuries, that imagine it runs the gamut. There’s downhill skiing, snowboarding. What are the most common winter sports injuries that you see?
Dr. Naven Duggal: Most commonly I’ll see sprains and strains, but oftentimes there will be more serious injuries, such as fractures and dislocations and unfortunately, head injuries and spine injuries that can happen with a lot of these activities. And you know it’s amazing how the actual numbers of these injuries, if you look at snow skiing has approximately 150,000 injuries per year; snowboarding another 150,000. When you look at ice skating and hockey, it’s almost 100,000. And the actual number that surprised me the most was tobogganing and sledding, which is almost 100,000 just alone with that sport.
Lowen: When we are talking about injuries and the severity of injuries, is it because that most of these sports, you’re moving at a pretty fast speed?
Dr. Duggal: Right. And that’s part of the issue here, is that, with a lot of these sports, having the protective gear, because of the speeds is just as crucial. And there’s a certain degree of skill level that’s required when you’re performing these type of maneuvers and activities at that type of speed level.
Lorraine Rapp: Who is most likely to be injured? Obviously when you’re out there skiing, I’m sure it could happen to anyone at any time, no matter what your level is because we know people who are great athletes, someone cuts them off, and there’s nothing they can do. But as you get older, are you more prone to sustaining injuries?
Dr. Duggal: Well, I think there’s some credence if you are older and you’re not doing the appropriate stretching before a sport, then there is going to be a slightly increased risk of having an injury. Specific to snowboarding and skiing, we do see more younger people who come in with snowboard injuries, and that may be related to the fact that this is a younger sport, more younger people are involved, and then tend to maybe take risks that some older people might not take. Helmets are crucial. Thirty-five percent of head injuries can be avoided by using a helmet while skiing or snowboarding or sledding. So I would encourage anybody who’s going to be participating in any of these winter activities to use a helmet. So I think there’s a lot of evidence out there that suggests using the appropriate equipment is important in preventing injury.
Lowen: A lot of people come home from a day at the slopes and they’ve got the usual aches and pains and you know, it will wear off in a couple days. But how about that versus something that causes discomfort and you realize, ‘gee, maybe I did something to myself.’ How do you know when you should just be treating something at home or whether it needs medical attention.
Dr. Duggan: That’s a tough one. If a patient had pain with weight bearing, if that they found they had loss of motion of a joint such a their shoulder or their knee, or they really found they had inability to do certain activities that they normally would do – those are, I think, all good reasons to be seen and evaluated. I think every patient’s different, but I don’t think patients need to suffer. And if you’re having pain with just doing normal activities after a day at the slopes, that needs to be evaluated. And the best way to do that is to see your health care provider, and they’re able to give you an opinion about it if this needs to be investigated further.
More of this interview can be heard on "Take Care," WRVO's health and wellness show Sunday at 6:30p.m. Support for this story comes from the Health Foundation for Western and Central New York. | <urn:uuid:e51042cd-7693-4834-a0b2-db8925bfe597> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wrvo.org/health/2014-12-19/why-snow-plus-sports-so-often-equals-injuries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960754 | 964 | 2.421875 | 2 |
A website is the real face of a brand. It acts as a source of interaction between you and your targeted audience. So, if you’re aiming for instant online presence- building a website is inevitable for you. In a recent study, it was revealed that online visitors spend approximately 55 seconds on a website that they visit: you, as a brand, has a leverage of 50 second to use or misuse this opportunity. It is accepted fact: creating a website is not a piece-of-cake, especially for people, with little or zero technical know-how.
Since, there are thousands of web developers struggling to get your attention (and hard-earned money), how do you pick one that is reputable, affordable and easily accessible? I’ve made it simple. Start with these questions and you will definitely land on to service provider that will meet your requirements successfully:
What platforms will you use for building my website?
Is it Magento, WordPress, and Shopify? Which platform should be used for the development of your website? Definitely, a web platform is the foundation of your website and rest of it will be built on that platform. There are pros and cons to attached to it. So, you must inquire about it and make solid reasoning to gain clarity.
What research strategy do you apply before starting off web development process?
Rest assured: this question aparts amateurs from professionals. Many web developers are prone to start building website without prior research and this undisciplined approach is called ‘Cowboy Coding’ that impacts process negatively. Whereas, professionals ensure correct practices. The correct research strategy for web development starts with unique market positioning and helping your brand grow from nowhere to everywhere. In the end, asking about research is must; if you want to succeed at web development efforts.
How much time do spend on web development process?
Good web development is time-taking process. You shouldn’t rush inadvertently. Be realistic and find out how agile they are when it comes to project completion. If you’re expecting to get an amazing online site designed and launched within a week, you should rethink. Because it is rash approach. However, evaluate how quick that service provider will help out.
How much this website development will cost me?
I don’t advocate to find the cheapest, or badly priced web developer for your site. Always look for better options but don’t forget: there are many companies that charge high amount of money for petty amount of work. Remember- your website is an investment but don’t let this development become an endless money pit. A good service provider outlines everything and ensures execution of development process on mutually-decided terms and conditions. | <urn:uuid:30a5585d-87ba-40f5-91ec-e946dee33e7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://golpik.com/questions-you-should-ask-before-hiring-a-web-development-company/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942635 | 557 | 1.65625 | 2 |
In Mandala Farm’s apprentice program, we strive to create an atmosphere of learning while working. By participating in every aspect of the farm, apprentices learn many diverse skills and can hone their knowledge as well as discover what parts of farming they love.
Mandala Farm is a hundred acre farm with 17 acres of pasture, 20 acres recently reclaimed for pasture, a 60 acre woodlot. We have over 3 acres actively cultivated. The farm is located on Jones Pond with opportunities for boating, fishing, and swimming. The farm is 8 miles from the Schoodic section of Acadia National Park, 1 mile from the ocean, and a 45 minute drive to Bar Harbor, where there is a bustling summer crowd. The farm is located in Gouldsboro, a small, rural community.
On the farm itself we have a wide diversity in both animal and vegetable production. We have mixed livestock including:
Sheep for Fiber and Meat
Our small flock of ewes gives us enough wool to play with spinning, dying and knitting for those who wish to pursue some fiber experimentation. The ewes also give us lambs in the spring, which we sell as weanlings. The sheep are grazed rotationally through the summer with the goats and cows.
Cashmere Goats for Fiber and Meat
The cashmere goats are another fiber animal on the farm. The cashmere is the downy winter undercoat of these goats, which is combed out in the spring and processed into yarn or roving to spin. The male kid goats are raised for meat.
Our flock of between 150 to 200 birds provide us with eggs for our CSA and for market. These birds are given access to pastures using movable fencing.
We raise meat chickens in portable chicken tractors. These pens get moved each day to a new section of grass that the chickens fertilize as they eat the grass and bugs. We butcher chickens on the farm once a week throughout the summer. Apprentices are expected to take part in some aspect of this process.
We have four sows that we breed to raise and sell piglets. We raise Tamworth pigs, which are a heritage breed of red pig. We raise the piglets outdoors in moveable huts.
We have two family cows that are milked daily and supply enough milk for the farm and for making butter, cheese, and yogurt.
Norwegian Fjord Draft Horses
We use these unique horses to work on the farm. These horses are a small draft horse. We have some young horses in training as well as our older pair. Apprentices handle the horses daily, learning basic horse care and maintenance. Apprentices also learn to drive and will have the opportunity to work the horses in the garden by the end of the season. We have a training arena that is available for apprentices wishing to put in extra time practicing with the horses.
We have three acres of mixed vegetable production for a 40 member CSA, farm store, wholesale accounts and one farmer’s market. We raise a wide diversity of crops to fill the CSA and markets. Within each crop, we raise several varieties as well. We do all the plowing and cultivating with the horses. We have a small, unheated hoophouse that we use for tomatoes and peppers. Apprentices take part in starting seeds, garden prep, transplanting, cultivating, harvesting, and washing produce.
We do canning and preserving in the fall. In the fall we use cover crops to keep the soil nutrients in the gardens. We are Certified Organic through MOFGA for all the crops and some of the livestock.
During our busiest time of the year, the day will start approximately 6:30 am and go until approximately 5 pm. We will try to have dinner around 6:30 pm, with dinner prep and chore responsibility alternating.
We will work Monday through Friday, with half-days on Saturday. During the week, our schedule will include animal chores, field work, harvesting, processing poultry, and prepping for market: CSA pick-up and farmer’s market. We offer apprentices full room and board, and a small stipend each month.
Apprentices have a small, private cabin in the lower section of the farm fields, next to the gardens and close to the pond. Cabins may need to be shared by two apprentices. Our two cabins each have solar and gas lights, propane stove and oven, as well as seasonal running water. Each cabin has its own nearby outhouse, though apprentices also have access to the farm house’s apprentice bathroom, as well. We have a community dinner twice a week, and usually eat breakfast and lunch together at the farmhouse.
Sara and Genio live in the farmhouse with three dogs, their daughter, Enna and son, Ross. | <urn:uuid:0ceea3c1-b01c-4db3-8a1c-7551db5f7840> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mandalafarm.com/our-farm/apprentice-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960167 | 1,019 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Virgin Media News in Ireland says explicitly what UK media are fudging – Johnson’s ‘herd immunity’ plan means mass deaths – even with ‘undercooked’ numbers
The UK’s Establishment media have shamed themselves by persistently covering for and failing to properly analyse Boris Johnson’s lunatic scheme to ignore World Health Organisation (WHO) advice in the pursuit of ‘herd immunity’.
The SKWAWKBOX was one of the first to point out what the numbers skimmed over in ‘MSM’ reports actually work out to – the horrifying maths that means mass deaths on a scale that would be unthinkable for any sane government.
Yet Johnson is not only thinking them, but actively planning for them – and an Irish news service has stated explicitly what the UK media have so far blurred in their reporting:
The Virgin Media News (VMN) report drastically understates the numbers. Health experts have told the SKWAWKBOX that 90% or more of the population need antibodies before herd immunity is achieved – not the government’s 60%.
And the 0.7% death rate VMN uses in its calculation is a mere fraction of the 3.5-5% mortality rate seen in hard-hit Italy and other countries – with experts agreeing that the UK is on a trajectory to match or exceed in the scale of the catastrophe.
In reality, Johnson is planning for several times VMN’s number – and perhaps far more – of UK people to die so that he can avoid taking the steps other countries are taking to protect their citizens.
As the VMN presenter notes, the UK is an outlier, wilfully ignoring the WHO’s advice – and the people of this country look set to suffer for Johnson’s eugenics-driven lunacy on an almost unimaginable scale.
The SKWAWKBOX needs your support. This blog is provided free of charge but depends on the generosity of its readers to be viable. If you can afford to, please click here to arrange a one-off or modest monthly donation via PayPal or here for a monthly donation via GoCardless. Thanks for your solidarity so this blog can keep bringing you information the Establishment would prefer you not to know about.
If you wish to reblog this post for non-commercial use, you are welcome to do so – see here for more. | <urn:uuid:7bc6b227-8fa6-4d74-9eb7-ca11a6e5d9d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skwawkbox.org/2020/03/14/video-even-drastically-understating-irish-media-say-what-uk-media-wont-johnsons-herd-plan-will-kill-100s-of-thousands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934345 | 496 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Complaints about the police
What should I do first?
If you think you might want to make a complaint against police, it is important to record the details of what happened.
Write down everything that happened as soon as possible after the incident. For example, the date, place, time, witnesses, and the officer’s name.
If you’ve been hurt, you should also:
- see a doctor straight away
- get someone to take a photo of your injuries, and
- record the people you first saw before and after the incident and ask them to make their own notes.
When should I make a complaint against police?
It is usually better to make a complaint as soon as possible after the incident. However, if the complaint relates to an offence you have been charged with, you should get legal advice about whether it would be better to wait until your case has finished.
What should I include in a complaint against police?
Details of everything you say happened. For example, the date, time, location of the offence, officer’s name, witness details, vehicle details, conversations, and copies of medical reports, photographs and letters.
Who can I complain to about WA police?
- WA Police Complaints
- The Corruption and Crime Commission
- For damaged property, the station or section within WA police where the damage occurred
- The WA State Ombudsman for complaints about police administration.
Who can I complain to about Federal Police?
What legal action can be taken about police complaints?
In some circumstance, you may be able to take legal action against the police for compensation or damages based on police misconduct.
You are protected from legal action being taken against you if your complaint was made in good faith. However, it is an offence to knowingly (deliberately) make a false, misleading or malicious complaint against police.
Reviewed: 4 April 2022 | <urn:uuid:c8958cca-1378-45b1-925a-c2b9af3f8457> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/index.php/find-legal-answers/crime/under-arrest-and-police-powers/complaints-about-police | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958932 | 394 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Members of the frizzled (Fz) family are involved in Wnt signaling during embryogenesis in the vertebrate. We identified chicken cognates of Fz-2, Fz-3, Fz-4, Fz-6 and Fz-8, and examined spatial and temporal expression patterns in the chick embryos by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Fz-4 is intensely expressed in the apical ectodermal ridge and distal mesenchyme of the limb bud at stages 20 to 27. The transcripts are confined to the posterior-distal end of the digit-forming region at stages 25 to 27. Fz-2 is weakly expressed in the proximal limb mesenchyme at stages 25 to 27, while Fz-3 and Fz-6 expressions are uniform in the limb bud at these stages. Fz-2 is also expressed in the dermatomyotome. No expression signal for Fz-8 is detectable in the embryo at stages 20 to 27. The differential expression patterns of the Fz family, together with spatially restricted expression of the Wnt family members in the developing limb, suggest distinct but overlapping functions to transduce Wnt signal implicated in cellular interaction during embryogenesis.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||7|
|Journal||Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)|
|State||Published - Jul 1999| | <urn:uuid:dd239875-10ca-4642-bdf9-a78f5c59274a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/differential-expression-of-the-frizzled-family-involved-in-wnt-si | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.879057 | 328 | 1.742188 | 2 |
*Includes pictures *Includes quotes by people interned and administration officials in charge of the internment *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents “I don't want any of them here. They are a dangerous element. There is no way to determine their loyalty... It makes no difference whether he is an American citizen, he is still a Japanese. Am...
Paperback: 58 pages
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (April 15, 2016)
Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.1 x 9 inches
Amazon Rank: 160551
Format: PDF ePub Text djvu book
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I finished reading Executive Order 9066: The History of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Controversial Decision to Intern Japanese American Citizens During World War II. The book is well written, short but concise. I highly rate the book; but, my ...
zenship does not necessarily determine loyalty... But we must worry about the Japanese all the time until he is wiped off the map.” – General John L. DeWitt, head of the Western Command All Americans are familiar with the “day that will live in infamy.” At 9:30 a.m. on Sunday, December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor, the advanced base of the United States Navy’s Pacific Fleet, was ablaze. It had been smashed by aircraft launched by the carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. All eight battleships had been sunk or badly damaged, 350 aircraft had been knocked out, and over 2,000 Americans lay dead. Indelible images of the USS Arizona exploding and the USS Oklahoma capsizing and floating upside down have been ingrained in the American conscience ever since. In less than an hour and a half the Japanese had almost wiped out America’s entire naval presence in the Pacific. Even before Congress declared war on Japan the day after Pearl Harbor, the implications for people of Japanese ancestry living in the United States had begun. On December 7th, several hundred Issei, or first-generation Japanese immigrants, were arrested in Hawaii and on the mainland, having been earlier identified by the FBI as potentially disloyal to the United States. In the months that followed, the scope of suspicion would expand to include all of the 125,000 Japanese living on the mainland, and, though a smaller percentage, many in Hawaii as well. By the time the war ended, the period of internment of Japanese immigrants and citizens, lasting from 1941-1945, was considered one of the most unfortunate episodes of American history. Many government officials in the immediate aftermath of the war era continued to defend internment, citing the possibility of attack and the need to protect Americans at all costs. There were many Americans, however, whose rights as citizens went unprotected, and political arguments aside, no American can fail to acknowledge the costs of internment to Nikkei families, physically, financially, socially and psychologically. Executive Order 9066: The History of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Controversial Decision to Intern Japanese American Citizens During World War II examines one of the darkest chapters in American history. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the decision to intern Japanese Americans like never before. | <urn:uuid:591d6790-77db-4131-b0e2-62666561264c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://unblistered.duckdns.org/page/executive-order-9066-the-history-of-president-franklin-d-roosevelt-s-controversial-decision-to-intern-japanese-american-citizens-during-world-war-ii | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.920753 | 917 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The advantages of rapeseed oil as a fuel in protected areas
- Refueling possible directly on site, as not hazardous to water (according to AwSV)
- biologically degradable
- low toxicity
- low bioaccumulation potential
- easy to handle and store
- high energy density of 34.5 MJ/l
What exactly is a harvester?
Some people might have heard at some point from the harvester of John Deere Forestry: the Harvester 1270G. Some of them even took the chance to climb into the massive vehicle of 22 tons when it was exposed on the International Green Week in 2019. What exactly is the deal with this impressive machine ,- particularly in connection with vegetable oil fuel often mentioned with it?
Let’s start with the background: even for those who haven’t seen it live it’ll appear reasonable that an off-road vehicle of such weight and with a length of almost 8m [~26 feet] shows significant fuel consumption. Additionally, forest territories are very sensitive which is why fossil fuels can/should never be filled in on site. Not to mention the greenhouse gas emission caused by fossil fuels! Thus, there is the need of an efficient fuel with a considerabley high energy density and low ecologic impact. Given the experience that the Technology- and Funding Center (TFZ) in Straubing had already made with different tractors of the emission category IV operated with rapeseed oil fuel, the team of scientists and engineers decided to try this alternative to diesel also with the harvester.
In July 2017, the research and development project started under the leadership of the TFZ, the John Deere European Technology Innovation Center (ETIC), the Bavarian State Forests (Bayerische Staatsforsten) and the Donauwald Forest machineries (Donauwald Forstmaschinen). Up to that point, the harvester had been operated with diesel only, but as already mentioned, apart from the emissions in sensitive areas, the refueling process outside the forest implies an enormous time-based expenditures.
Hence, the aim was to run the engine 100% on rapeseed oil, which required not only a changeover at the injection nozzles, but also the development of a software application for the engine control unit in order to optimally burn rapeseed oil fuel. In addition, of course, the exhaust after-treatment system had to be adapted to the new conditions, and the solidification range of the alternative fuel between 0 and - 10°C requires temperature control of all rapeseed oil-carrying lines, fuel filters and feed pumps considering the colder temperatures in forests. This challenge was soon solved with a frost-proof, mobile tank system, which can also be used in the forest and is supplied by the auxiliary heating.
The delivery including the intermediate storage for the vegetable oil was carried out during the entire test period by the oil mill Mara Pflanzenöle GmbH & Co. KG (Marktzeuln, Upper Franconia), which was a particular challenge especially when the wood harvester was relocated. Thanks to the organizational skills of MARA and the smooth cooperation with nearby farmers though, this was also carried out without any problems.
At the end of December 2018 the first meaningful statements could finally be made:
Considering the temperature sensitivity of rapeseed oil, the expected change in performance delivery was in the starting behavior, especially in the colder months. With a rating scale of bad over medium to good, the starting behavior in winter was rated between bad and medium, which, however, can partly be explained by the fact that the auxiliary heating system did not start up and failed completely on one occasion. With regard to productivity, however, no significant differences in performance were found between the two engines, nor between the specific volumetric and energetic consumption of diesel and rapeseed oil.
A further test criteria is the quality of the engine oil after a certain period of use (present analyses were collected after 500 operating hours). However, the results of the tests were satisfying in every respect, as the vegetable oil content in the engine oil was always below 3% during the tests and the content of wear parts also always remained at a very low level. The ratio between the acid and base number did not show any excessive acidity of the engine oil, because even after 500 operating hours, there was still an abundant alkaline reserve.
After a total of 3,500 operating hours, of which 2,100 were absolved with rapeseed oil, the engine, exhaust filter and low-pressure fuel system were inspected. To the satisfaction of the research team, no complaints in the form of excessive wear, blockages, cracks or deposits were found.
The harvester operated with rapeseed oil has also always been exemplary in terms of emission behavior, complying with the limit values (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons).
In summary, it can be stated that the use of the wood harvester with vegetable oil is technically possible - even at temperatures as low as -17 °C - through appropriate conversion. In terms of both productivity and engine efficiency, there is no difference to the operation with diesel fuel. Not only does the emission behavior comply with the exhaust gas stage IV, but over a period of about 1.5 years it was possible to avoid about 120,000 kg of greenhouse gas emissions and the handling of about 41,000 l of diesel fuel into the forest. This corresponds to a greenhouse gas reduction of up to 87.5 % compared to fossil fuel due to the rapeseed oil fuel produced in a decentral oil mill in Bavaria.
The only challenge that needs to be overcome, however, is the adaptation of fuel logistics and storage - especially when relocating, since the operation of diesel can be accomplished more flexibly due to the established infrastructure. Thus, it absolutely depends on upcoming political movements whether they will soon give cause and motivation to produce and use a reliable, renewable and low-emission fuel in a natural way.
In this respect, the Branchenplattform, together with the TFZ under Dr. Edgar Remmele, Dr. Peter Emberger and Dr. Klaus Thuneke, as well as with its partners with shared interests, is increasingly advocating tax relief for vegetable oil, especially in agriculture and forestry, beyond the end of 2020.
More information to be found on: https://www.tfz.bayern.de/en/056073/index.php
|Pure diesel fueling||Combined fuels|
|Time frame||6 months (Jan. till June 2017)||17 months (Aug. 2017 till Dec. 18)|
|Operating hours||958 h||2.100 h|
|Timber amount||26. 000 fm||40.000 fm|
17.792 l diesel (about 0,8 – 1,2 l/fm)
42.500 l rapeseed oil fuel
375 l diesel (mainly for the regeneration of the exhaust after-treatment)1200 l AdBlue (0,57 l/h) | <urn:uuid:438df739-782f-460d-a74f-ec530647b535> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biokraftstoffe-tanken.de/praxis/praxis-2/harvester | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959399 | 1,481 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Imagine if the truth about our own bodies and needs was trusted. If we weren’t expected to hand over our power. If medical pathologizing wasn’t the only way to have our health needs seen as legitimate.
I’ve been thinking about this for a long time, since a friend told me that people like me need to go to the doctor and get diagnosed, and then she knows how to treat us. I was mystified that my friend told me that truth has to pass through the filter of mainstream medicine and get named by a professional. Then she would respect my needs and treat me with the consideration I deserve.
I was mystified because even this kind person with good values who I had felt close to at some point couldn’t just see me as I am and love me how I need to be loved. It would have been access intimacy–it could have been beautiful. Access intimacy is not based on summarizing, pity, guilt, or anything a doctor says, but on joyful respect that comes from deep understanding. How sad I felt–if even this kind lady needed differences medicalized, my goals of disability justice were hopeless.
I didn’t give up on disability justice, but I think of that conversational moment often. Then today I was thinking about doctor’s notes.
A friend who lives in another country had a death in the family–her spouse died. In order to not have to go into work but maintain her job, she needs a doctor’s note. So she has to present her moods and experiences to a doctor, who gets to decide whether my friend’s needs justify another two weeks off work, or however long. My friend has to go to this doctor again and again, to get his approval of her overwhelming grief.
Wow–how did doctors get that much power? Why isn’t my friend trusted, to explain how incapacitated she is by her own grief? Are you ok with a doctor who might barely know her deciding that?
I guess if you’ve only been treated fairly and respectfully by competent doctors, you might think that’s ok. What a life that would be. I’m a fat, queer, crazy, disabled woman who’s poor and socially different. Doctors who respect me are few and far between.
mental health days
I first heard of taking a mental health day off work or school as a joke. “Why did so and so call in sick?” someone at work asked.
“Oh, she was just taking a mental health day,” the other person said, snickering. “She just wants to go to the movies and get her nails done.”
It was an insult–the person who called in sick was considered just lazy. As if mental health doesn’t matter–as if we should keep working until we fall over dead, or work ourselves into crisis. Is the time off justified then? Wouldn’t it be better if we could take time off before the stress-induced emergency?
As if stress was weakness, and if we had enough willpower, we could live a stress free life. Or if we exercised enough and ate enough salad, our stress would disappear, and we’d never need to take time off work or school.
I envision a world where people are trusted to take mental health days and write their own notes about grief. If my truth didn’t need to pass through a doctor-filter to be true. If differences were respected by default.
I’d love if my self-knowledge, which I work really hard to uncover, was trusted. I spend all my time with me, the expert of myself.
What are your needs, in friendships and family relationships? Do your needs feel standard, or do they seem unusual? Are your needs variable, in different relationships? Do you know your own needs? Could you list them?
Are there some needs that are always there, and some that are more specific depending on the relationship type? Who meets you where you’re at and shows up for you? Do you treat them that way too?
Who consistently hurts you, crosses boundaries, misunderstands you, invalidates you? Can you get away from them?
Hopefully your life is filled with people who are kind, really listen, and will be real with you in a loving way. I’m working on getting my life more like that. Saying no and setting boundaries requires energy I don’t always have. But bit by bit, I make progress on the life I want to live. | <urn:uuid:8dca4526-cd06-4200-81fb-ad99e6fe5a37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.listeningtothenoiseuntilitmakessense.com/2022/03/07/trusted-disability-respect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980553 | 970 | 1.726563 | 2 |
How AuthLite uses YubiKeys
YubiKeys have a variety of capabilities, and AuthLite only uses some of them. But this may limit other things you want to do with the same YubiKey.
Each YubiKey has two "configuration slots", each of which can be used for an OTP generator, a Challenge/Response secret, or a Static Password. AuthLite normally uses both configuration slots. This has some implications:
- You can't use an AuthLite-programmed YubiKey for other online services that use OTP mode. (U2F services are still fine).
- You can't use the same YubiKey for more than AuthLite domain, because sharing the OTP secret of an event-based device between domains ruins the security.
- If you won't ever need the YubiKey to work with cached/offline logons, you can choose to program only one slot for AuthLite, leaving the other one for something else. But this leads to problems because triggering one OTP slot vs. the other is a matter of how quickly you press and release the contact switch. This leads to confusion among users and the feeling that the service isn't working very reliably.
At this time AuthLite does not use U2F, but the YubiKeys still support it. Due to the nature of U2F, you can use it for as many different services as you like all at once. U2F does not "take up" a configuration slot, and is not affected by the programming of the OTP/challenge-response slots at all.
PIV Smart card/certificate mode
AuthLite does not use the smartcard/certificate feature of YubiKeys at all, but you can still choose to use this feature for something else not related to AuthLite. It does not "take up" a configuration slot, and is not affected by the programming of the OTP/challenge-response slots at all.
Some YubiKeys sold by AuthLite may have the smartcard feature disabled by default. You can turn it back on in the YubiKey Programmer by changing the USB mode to 6. | <urn:uuid:53f27a42-e95c-4a3d-8015-97621b00efaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.authlite.com/docs/2_3/id_1245707040/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928763 | 472 | 1.625 | 2 |
Post-WWII Military Airplane Scrapping and Smelting Process
The Aircraft Scrapping and Smelting Process
Contractors were hired for aircraft scrapping at a number of facilities after World War II.
Active duty military personnel typically flew the aircraft into an assigned airport, and civilian employees would handle parking and classification. To accommodate the large numbers of employees, tent cities were erected on site. In subsequent months, even brand new aircraft directly from assembly lines were disposed of at Kingman.
Consolidated B-24 Liberator "Missouri Miss" meets the guillotine at Kingman Army Air Field and Storage Depot 41
Fuel was drained from the aircraft and sold. Aircraft engines were then removed and placed in rows on the desert floor.
By the time the planes reached Kingman, most of the ordnance (predominantly .50 cal machine guns and Norden Bombsights) had already been removed at other temporary storage depots. However, a few planes did arrive with some machine guns and a few Norden Bombsights, which were temporarily and securely stored. The guns were retrieved by the government, but the Nordens were 'demilled' using a sledgehammer.
Interior items of the aircraft such as radios, oxygen equipment, handguns, manuals, life rafts, fire extinguishers and instruments were removed.
The main aircraft airframe was then sliced into major pieces using a guillotine. Some hand cutting of smaller parts was also done.
The final step was placing parts into the smelter, or furnace, for melting. Three furnaces were operated at Kingman for melting about 70% of an airplane's metal components into ingots. The furnaces were run 24 hours a day, and could consume up to 35 aircraft a day.
The Wunderlich contract at Kingman was successful, and resulted in the ultimate recovery of significant resources:
- 46 millions pounds of aluminum
- 6 million pounds of aluminum from engines
- 5 million pounds of aluminum propellors
- 21 million pounds of steel
- 1.6 million gallons of aviation fuel
- 256,000 gallons of oil
A total of 85 reconnaissance aircraft, 615 fighters, 54 light bombers, 266 medium bombers and 4,463 heavy bombers were disposed of at Kingman. These 5,483 aircraft scrapped by Wunderlich at Kingman generated $7.5 million in gross income.
By July of 1948, less than three years since the end of WWII hostilities, the job was done. A huge part of the American airpower fleet had been reduced to ingots. Storage Depot 41 and Kingman was returned to the county as a municipal airport.
See the photo essay below on this page with photos of the scrapping and smelting process used at Kingman.
Rows of B-24 Liberators await the scrap heap at Kingman AAF in Arizona
"Old Black Magic" 0333 in the foreground as seen in LIFE Magazine
WWII Bomber Scrapping and Melting at the Kingman Army Air Field boneyard in Arizona
Ford B-24L-15-FO Liberator "Mabel's Labels" ... "Gimme a Great Big Smile!"
S/N 44-49854 ... Served with the 64th Bombardment Squadron, 43rd Bomb Group, 5th Air Force
Shown below with engines removed and awaiting the guillotine and smelter
Rows of aircraft engines removed from surplus B-17 and B-24 bombers at the Kingman AAF boneyard
Once cut in pieces, aircraft remnants are moved to the smelter (in the distance)
Stacks of aluminum ingots ...
the remains of the great American World War II bomber fleet | <urn:uuid:50bca709-a7b6-4949-a2c0-eb567c565a0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://airplaneboneyards.com/post-wwii-airplane-scrapping-melting.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965673 | 798 | 3.28125 | 3 |
What Exactly Are Gear Pumps And How They Job
Gear pumps are manufacturing components employed to pump fluids of different viscosities. As well as heavy industry, they can be extremely popular from the conversion of pickup trucks. Moreover, it is an integral part of any program installed on equipment for a number of operating functions.
Why trucks gear pumps
Gear pumps in cars are utilized in the hydraulic system. Thanks to this element, the doing work water (eg lubricant) is provided from the hydraulic tank towards the energetic manipulator. Consequently, due to the pump motor are pushed:
folding sides and body;
movable surface and picking up systems;
van cranes and tow methods;
concrete mixers and mobile manipulators.
In general, gear pumps are set up in a variety of automotive hydraulics, from tractors with trailers to fridges. Without this part, the system simply does not work, because it does not receive fluid to inject pressure.
How a gear water pump works
This model features a easy design, for which it gained popularity. In simple terms, it is made up of two equipment based in metallic housing. Their pearly whites need to hang on to one another since they swivel. When triggering the push:
because of the discussion from the gears, the stress is motivated;
The liquid is drawn from the tank, as a result;
after passing through the pump it is nourished in the operating system.
Some great benefits of the equipment water pump feature a very long services life and suitability for a number of maintenance. Self-upkeep of the device fails to cause difficulties. As well as in standard there is nearly nothing to bust, hence the layout is extremely reputable and sturdy.
Naturally, the items pump motor has more aspects. By way of example, a defensive deal with that helps prevent extreme oils damage throughout procedure. Or perhaps an electrical air conditioning. Although the option of these solutions is dependent upon the actual model, to enable them to not really deemed obligatory (or basically affecting performance).
To get more information about see please visit web site: check it out. | <urn:uuid:e4e3a15d-9035-4b15-b17f-76c08dedbd65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogfreely.net/bamboobeast00/what-exactly-are-gear-pumps-and-how-they-job | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95195 | 436 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The world has changed. As an engineer, I remember when engineering was the hard stuff. Now, when I look at major projects, the engineering is rarely the greatest hurdle a project has to overcome. The hard stuff is getting rate payers to accept the rate increases needed to maintain and build new infrastructure. Getting the buy-in of neighbors affected by projects that may not benefit them. Addressing impacts to our natural resources in a way that maintains affordability. Balancing the needs of today with the needs of tomorrow.
The challenges of today are distinctly different from those of the past:
- Our challenges are multi-faceted – there is no one person with the expertise to address these challenges. The list of needed expertise is long: engineering (we are still on the list!), community engagement, public affairs, environmental science, asset management, risk analysis, sustainability, and on and on.
- The boundaries around our problems are getting fuzzy – The public wants public agencies to work together and develop projects that meet multiple needs. This is not just a matter of “What’s in it for me?” It’s a growing recognition that multi-benefit projects represent the greatest overall value to the community for their investment dollars. Especially as engineers, our nature is to put a hard boundary around a project, clearly delineating what is in and what is out. We need to see projects with new eyes, seeing how they interconnect with the community and the world.
- We cannot face our challenges in isolation – Total demands on our water resources and our funding are outstripping supply. This is driving the integrated, one water approach bringing together water, wastewater, and surface water. It is also driving our integration with agencies and interests we may not have interfaced with in the past. We are now living in a world of complex partnerships and decision making structures, and the path forward is much less linear.
All of these challenges demand more than just individual innovation. Meeting challenges now requires the synthesis of many ideas and perspectives into solutions that no single individual could have developed. The challenges of today demand diversity. Diversity of thinking, diversity of expertise, diversity of background, diversity of relationships. Organizations that are able to harness diversity, to synthesize rather than homogenize, will have a distinct competitive advantage in the future.
One misconception about diversity is that diversity is just about getting more women and people of color into leadership roles. The misconception is that we can achieve diversity without transforming our organizations, without transforming our thinking. This fallacy is one of the reasons why we haven’t seen more progress in diversity in the leadership of our organizations.
A diverse organization is one where many voices can be heard. Where people are open to new ideas, no matter where they come from in the hierarchy. Where people are willing to put in the effort to challenge their own thinking. Where leaders are harnessing the ideas and vision of the whole organization. Where everyone is accountable for fully taking their seat at the table. Where bringing the full breadth of one’s experience and thinking to work is not just tolerated, it’s a core part of the organization’s success.
The characteristics of a diverse organization are the same characteristics we need to face the challenges of today. We need to change our organizations and change our thinking. As stewards of our precious water resources, it is not only the right thing to do, it is the necessary thing to do.
Nicki Pozos, PE, PhD, CWRE | <urn:uuid:25bcc559-c036-4b11-8411-733a2d6a2d90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://womenleadingwater.org/2017/02/02/diversity-is-our-future/?like_comment=3&_wpnonce=be40fbf2e8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957316 | 714 | 2.484375 | 2 |
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Gain the skills to leverage the diversity, experiences, and insight of others to improve your decision-making processes.
The graduate General Relativity course is taught by Professor Herbert W. Hamber, Ph.D. Description: "Einstein's General Relativity and Gravitation" is taught at UCI as Physics 255. Topics covered: A
Active courses: 74,474
Data: 74 GB
Online: 67 users | <urn:uuid:04b38ad1-81f4-4a69-994e-451834612271> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wikivideo.eu/gb/category/entertainment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.858608 | 129 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Carroll County is a beautiful place but at times we have a problem with litter in parts of our county. To address the issue, the Carroll County Board of Supervisors works closely with county staff to address citizen's litter complaints and the VDOT's Assign-A-Highway program.
Roadside Litter control project
The Roadside Litter Control Project occurs annually from March 1st through April 30th. Carroll County strongly encourages recycling of items when possible. Collection bags may be picked up at the Carroll County Administrator’s Office or the Cana Trash Convenience site beginning the first week of March each year.
If you have any questions, please call the County Administrator’s Office at 276-730-3001. The Carroll County Board of Supervisors truly appreciates the efforts of all the organizations who participate in this program
The Carroll County/Hillsville SPRING CLEAN UP is held annually during the month of MAY!
Ronald Newman, Land Use & Planning Coordinator, is the contact person for litter complaints. You may email Ronald at email@example.com or call him at 276-730-3008 . Click Here to submit an online litter complaint. | <urn:uuid:6ba90735-c2a7-4350-ab6a-1cdda76fff32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carrollcountyva.gov/residents_and_community_services/litter_control.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.899211 | 258 | 1.671875 | 2 |
|Initial release||July 2005(as SIPphone)|
126.96.36.1990 (Windows) November 12, 2009, 188.8.131.529 (Mac) September 24, 2009 , 184.108.40.206 (Linux) June 28, 2010
|Operating system||Mac OS X, Linux, Windows, Internet Tablet OS, Symbian|
|Type||Peer-to-peer internet telephony|
Gizmo5 (formerly known as Gizmo Project and SIPphone) was a voice over IP communications network and a proprietary freeware soft phone for that network. On November 12, 2009, Google announced that it had acquired Gizmo5. On March 4, 2011, Google announced that the service would be discontinued as of April 3, 2011.
The Gizmo5 network used open standards for call management, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). However, the Gizmo5 client application was proprietary software and used several proprietary codecs, including GIPS and Internet Speech Audio Codec (iSAC).
Gizmo Project was founded by Michael Robertson and his company SIPphone.
On November 12, 2009, Google announced that it had acquired Gizmo5 for a reported $30 million in cash. Prior to this acquisition, Gizmo5 had a working relationship with GrandCentral (now Google Voice) for years. Upon announcement, Gizmo5 suspended new signups until a Google relaunch. Google was also dogfooding a Google Voice desktop client based on Gizmo5, branded as Gizmo5 by Google.
On April 3, 2011, Google shut down Gizmo5 and recommended users to use Google Talk instead.
Gizmo5 was based on the Session Initiation Protocol and could interoperate with other SIP-based networks directly, including the public switched telephone network. The latter required the Gizmo5 service features CallOut and CallIn. CallOut was available at a fee, whereas CallIn and calls to other VoIP users were generally free of cost. Gizmo5 also used encryption (Secure Real-time Transport Protocol) for network calls and worked well with Phil Zimmermann's Zfone security features.
Gizmo5 supported the following Codecs:
Version 4.0 of the Gizmo5 softphone offered video calls. Gizmo5 also offered smartphone version.
As of July 20, 2009, Gizmo5 was the only SIP service that could be used with Google Voice directly (without requiring a U.S. based phone number).
The text chat function of Gizmo5 utilized the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) protocol. Users were addressed by an identification string in the format of firstname.lastname@example.org.
An earlier incarnation of the service was PhoneGaim, a free software VoIP system based on the Pidgin instant messaging software and the SIP protocol handling of the Linphone VoIP software, but restricted to using (only) the SIPphone service. It is available under the GNU General Public License and sponsored by Linspire.
Gizmo5 supported outbound caller line identification in the United States.
Gizmo5 provided a free voicemail service.
Gizmo5 allowed paying subscribers of LiveJournal to place voiceposts if they are unable to use the voicepost telephone lines provided by the website.
The Gizmo5 mobile phone application used the phone's carrier voice network for all calls. The service called the phone numbers of both parties and bridged the call. On mobile phones that support SIP applications, calls may be placed over WiFi or 3G. In the case of WiFi, calls to Gizmo5 users were free, and calls to the public switched telephone network were charged Gizmo5 Call Out credit. On 3G, additional costs would apply depending on the user's data plan.
On August 26, 2010, Gmail accounts with Google voice were given a function to make and receive calls. Google Voice product manager, Vincent Paquet, confirmed that this function was added through the help of the technology received after the Gizmo5 acquisition.
On Fri, Mar 4, 2011, subscribers received the following message from Gizmo5, indicating that the service would be terminated.
There was no indication made if the service would be revived in another form, or if there would be similar functionality added to any of Google's current telephony offerings. On April 4, around midnight for most users, service was finally cut.[vague] | <urn:uuid:3916fb30-0431-42c0-8873-48beb4444576> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://db0nus869y26v.cloudfront.net/en/Gizmo5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931395 | 1,043 | 1.984375 | 2 |
5 min read ⌚
How to Use Lean Speed and Six Sigma Quality to Improve Services and Transactions
Companies in the digital era despite their efforts to Improve the customer service, fail to reach the prosperity stage.
The quality of “Six Sigma” surely is the highlight of the show.
Who Should Read “Lean Six Sigma for Services”? And Why?
Nevertheless, companies should try to minimize variability under any circumstances. Apparently, this is not a straightforward activity, that can be done instantly. A lot of preparation and a set of quality management methods are needed.
These Sigma experts understand the value of a well-organized firm. Each Six Sigma project or activity conducted at any stage follows a defined sequence of steps that target a specific benefit like: improve customer service, reduce cycle time or increase profits.
This book is perfect for newcomers to the world of business, and for other people already familiar with the difficulty of managing a company.
About Michael L. George
Michael L. George operates in a major Six Sigma consulting company as a CEO – George Group. His knowledge helped many enterprises placed in the Fortune 500 companies.
Only by using Lean Six Sigma, Lean methodology and Manufacturing, these brands reached long-term growth. As an author, he also wrote – What Is Lean Six Sigma?
“Lean Six Sigma for Services Summary”
Not many leaders are able to spot the difficulties related to the service sector. Few business leaders are aware of the power emerging from this industry. According to numerous statistics, it reaches up to 80% of U.S. GDP and continues to grow without stopping.
You mustn’t disregard the economic significance because it influences every other organizational aspect. Another key point of this massive phenomenon is that services are gaining momentum. In fact, this concept is snowballing. Given these points, the economic significance is immense.
Many statistics have shown that in almost any manufacturing organization, nearly 80% of the operational cost can be traced back to service activities and functions. That is a clear indicator of the limited – only a fifth of the cost derives from direct manufacturing and other tangible materials.
Nevertheless, providing services takes much practice and effort. This book has a task to help you on that journey by presenting a series of methods for that purpose. Generally speaking, customers find that approximately 50% of most service produce a little value. The same thing goes for the support costs which according to many are a waste of time, energy, and money.
The corporate life brings a lot of challenges, without warning, Businessmen and other key decision-makers must be prepared for streamlining those fundamental processes and make the organization function flawlessly.
This is easier said than done, but it’s not something that’s too difficult to attain. The question is – How to speed-up the service delivery process without compromising the quality of execution?
For instance, if you are running a newly established start-up company, you are aware of what’s is your current status on the market. Unrealistic expectations can cause massive troubles, which would sooner or later destroy your company.
In either case, every firm strives to work faster, and increase the quality of its products or services. That doesn’t come as a surprise to anyone. However, something worthy of your attention is – how to do that?
Preparation and a flexible attitude are the essential elements to succeed on this dusty and enigmatic path. This book comes as a blessing to those familiar with Six Sigma effects and to those eager to understand them in details. The author – Lean Six Sigma expert, encountered hundreds of similar service setbacks.
The tactics he used for solving them are present in this one of a kind-service-book.
Before you learn about the values of service, a person must always strive and seek to find a way to improve the quality of the output of any commodity. This process is carried out by a team of professionals who should identify and eliminate all the activities which cause defects or any other issues.
This procedure covers all industries related to manufacturing or service providing. The market fluctuations are also a factor that mustn’t be neglected.
The case used is only a reflection of the everyday real-world issues present in almost every company. The voice of the customer counts them most because that is the voice of reason, to which you must pay extra attention.
Address their perspective about the service you’re providing. GetNugget believes in this magnificent book which is best suited for managers, owners, entrepreneurs, and businessmen.
Global brands know that the secret to success lies in becoming a friendly-oriented organization whose interests are manifested in the eyes of its customers.
Key Lessons from “Lean Six Sigma for Services”
1. Corporate operations emerged from an idea
2. Six Sigma targets only the big players
3. Complexity is a hidden expense
Corporate operations emerged from an idea
Quite often, the people who are in one way or another linked to these so-called corporate services are forced to adopt a more open, broad, and unbiased perspective.
Profits come from a vision, put into execution.
Six Sigma targets only the big players
Reducing costs is not always such a great idea. Six Sigma differs from other approaches due to its ability to achieve profound improvements in various aspects related to daily operations.
Accelerate processes and eliminate those bottlenecks, once and for all.
Complexity is a hidden expense
How a manager handles the internal processes speaks a lot about that company. Complexity is always an obstacle that a good leader must overcome. If you cannot reduce the life-cycle of certain activities, prepare yourself for a bumpy ride. The costs will just keep growing!! You better do something and normalize these functions.
Like this summary? We’d Like to invite you to download our free 12 min app, for more amazing summaries and audiobooks.
“Lean Six Sigma for Services” QuotesWe can only speed up process time by controlling (and usually slowing) release of work into the process. Click To Tweet It is vital to have a deployment team and plans for internal and external communication. Click To Tweet Every successful deployment is based on a ’burning platform,’ some major challenge or risk which, if overcome, will push the organization towards greatness. Click To Tweet Think of complexity reduction as a new competitive weapon and a potent tool to increase shareholder value. Click To Tweet The first step in capturing the Voice of the Customer is determining the appropriate customer segment...Once the customer segments are known, they need to be prioritized. Click To Tweet
Our Critical Review
Michael L. George, shares tips on how to best apply both Lean and Six Sigma into your service operation. His methods are straightforward and transparent because they create a road for accomplishing long-term goals.
Learn more and more, in the speed that the world demands. | <urn:uuid:60b75be6-b299-4800-a9df-c037f21cf381> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.12min.com/lean-six-sigma-for-services-summary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.944757 | 1,428 | 1.671875 | 2 |
1. Originally, animators designed Maui as having a bald head, however, the filmmakers, later decided to give him long dark hair, as this is how he is described in most Pacific Islander legends.
2. The sign for Maui’s fishhook was inspired by the Scorpio constellation.
3. The movie’s animators got many of their ideas for how to best design the ocean, from watching the movement of Rapunzel’s hair in the movie Tangled.
4. In order to make Moana’s hair look as realistic as possible, the Disney animators had several models, with hair that looked similar to Moana’s, come to the studio and dunk their head in water, so that the animators could see what it should look like.
5. Although most Disney princesses are designed as having very unrealistic body types, the animators of Moana, decided to specifically design her as having a realistic body type.
6. Several Easter eggs can be found in this film, such as Flounder, from The Little Mermaid and Olaf, from Frozen.
7. Originally, Maui was supposed to be the main character in this film and Moana was supposed to only be a secondary character; however, this was changed, because the filmmakers wanted the plot to be about Moana’s own personal journey, not just about her relationship with a boy.
8. The filmmakers did not hold auditions for Maui, because they knew they wanted Dwayne Johnson to voice him.
9. It is only a coincidence that the voice actor of Moana looks so similar to her character, as Moana was designed before Auli’i Cravalho was
10. Moana’s red clothing represent her royalty, as red is the color of royalty in the Pacific Islands.
11. Dwayne Johnson inspired some of Maui’s physical appearance and movements.
12. Everything in the film, except Maui’s tattoos are C
13. Auli’i Cravalho is the youngest Disney princess voice actress. | <urn:uuid:f1660f77-2238-4812-b3a5-f93f12381b47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mentalitch.com/13-things-you-didnt-know-about-moana/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979795 | 440 | 1.914063 | 2 |
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Indiana lawmakers are looking into toughening the state’s regulations for telephone solicitation to combat unwanted, and often illegal, sales calls.
A legislative study committee learned last week that nearly 4,000 telephone solicitation complaints have been filed with Indiana’s attorney general’s office so far this year.
Senior Deputy Attorney General Marguerite Sweeney says about 70 percent of unwanted calls are scams. She says the complaints filed are likely a small fraction of unwanted calls received by Hoosiers since there were more than 4.2 billion “robocalls” placed nationwide in just August.
Republican Rep. Jeff Ellington plans to file legislation when the General Assembly reconvenes in January that would better protect businesses from unwanted calls, and make it easier for Indiana to partner with other states on enforcement. | <urn:uuid:e1565720-509c-480a-a56c-c7b8be764a2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wowo.com/indiana-lawmakers-consider-crackdown-on-unsolicited-calls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965546 | 175 | 1.632813 | 2 |
“It’s not wise to upset a Wookiee.”—Han Solo
He’s one of the best sidekicks you could ever ask for. Not only is Chewbacca a giant furry alien with superhuman strength, he’s also a highly skilled pilot, a gentle giant (as long as he isn’t losing a game), and loyal to the bitter end. Throughout the saga of Star Wars, Chewie has remained one of the most well-known, recognizable, and beloved characters from the franchise. So how did he come to be created? What really goes into bringing Chewbacca to life? What role has he really played across the stories of Star Wars? We found 42 facts about this wacky Wookiee from a galaxy far, far away, and now present them here for you to enjoy!
42. More Chewie!
Incredibly, Chewbacca originally featured in just “three or four pages of the original Star Wars screenplay”! According to Peter Mayhew, this role was vastly increased as early as the first few weeks of production. Safe to say it was obvious to everyone but George Lucas just how beloved Chewbacca would become with Star Wars fans!
41. I’d Rather Be the Bad Guy
When the first Star Wars film was being cast, two roles in the film demanded taller-than-average actors to play them. Due to the rarity of such actors, 6’6” David Prowse was offered his choice of either playing Chewbacca or the physical body of Darth Vader. Prowse considered both options and chose to play Darth Vader because he liked the artwork better.
After searching for other tall actors to play Chewbacca, Lucas and his crew ultimately went with a non-actor. Peter Mayhew was a hospital orderly who had only appeared in one film before Star Wars. He acquired his incredible height as a side effect from a connective tissue disorder called Marfan Syndrome.
39. I was Hoping for an 8′ Man, But He’ll Do
According to Peter Mayhew, all he needed to do to win the role of Chewbacca was stand up when George Lucas entered the room to see him. Standing at a whopping 7’3”, Mayhew’s height alone convinced Lucas, who apparently took one look at Mayhew and stated, “I think we’ve found him.”
38. For the Record
Chewbacca has twice made the pop culture “best of” lists by IGN. Not only has he been credited as ninth best Star Wars character (only ninth?!), but he and Han Solo were chosen for IGN’s top ten movie bromances.
The first Chewbacca costumes were knitted together by Stuart Freeborn, the makeup artist, out of mohair and yak hair. We would like to hope that no animals were harmed in the making of said costumes—and we like to think Chewie would too after his run-in with the Porgs!
36. Shake Out the Fleas First
For Chewbacca’s brief appearance in Revenge of the Sith, modern materials were used to replicate the look of the old costume, and a cooling system was even set up to better assist whoever was wearing the Wookiee costume. However, it proved to be such a difficult task that when Chewbacca was brought back for The Force Awakens, the original costume was repaired and reused rather than building one up from scratch again!
35. Diverse Resume!
Speaking of Stuart Freeborn, he was no stranger to the furry appearance of Chewbacca. George Lucas had hired Freeborn onto the Star Wars project because of his experience with developing the ape costumes for 2001: A Space Odyssey! Freeborn would return to the Star Wars franchise to oversee the creation of Yoda, Jabba the Hutt, and the Ewoks.
34. And We’ll Call Him Zoboomafoo!
Star Wars owes a huge debt of gratitude to artist Ralph McQuarrie for its aesthetics. When it came to instructing McQuarrie on how he wanted Chewbacca to look, George Lucas described “a huge ape-like creature with long fangs, more like a lemur.” Safe to say that that initial description underwent a few changes before they were done!
33. In Soviet Russia…
The word “Chewbacca” comes from a Russian word “sobaka,” which means dog. We don’t know whether to be impressed or exasperated with the lengths that George Lucas went to double down on the fact that his dog inspired this character.
32. Step One…
While he has mainly been credited for the sound effects of the lightsaber, sound designer Ben Burtt was also responsible for the noises made by Chewbacca. In fact, figuring out how the Wookiee would sound was the first task assigned to Burtt when he joined the crew of Star Wars!
31. What a Missed Opportunity
In the Extended Universe, Chewbacca had a nephew named Lowbacca. Lowbacca ended up becoming a Jedi apprentice under Luke Skywalker. Safe to say that seeing a Wookiee Jedi would have been a truly amazing sight!
30. Guess What I Did Last Summer!
Incredibly, Peter Mayhew kept his day job working at a hospital while he was filming his role as Chewbacca in London. Sadly, his conflicting schedules did lead to him being dismissed, but after the film finished production, Mayhew promptly returned to his old job. To be fair, it isn’t like most people would have recognized him without the costume on anyway.
29. Is it Dead?!
The word for Chewbacca’s alien race, Wookiee, wasn’t invented by George Lucas. According to Lucas, it came from one of the actors in his previous sci-fi film THX-1138. While improvising extra lines of dialogue, the actor stated, “I think I just ran over a wookie on the expressway!” The word meant nothing, but Lucas remembered it when he had to come up with a name for Chewbacca’s race.
28. Hello, Old Timer!
According to the Extended Universe, Chewbacca was already about 200 years old at the time of A New Hope! That certainly makes him one of the most active and powerful senior citizens that we’ve ever seen on screen!
27. I Don’t Understand What You’re Saying
Not so surprisingly, a language has been named for the sounds which Chewbacca makes when interacting with the characters. This language is called “Shyriiwook.” No word on when a translation book is coming out, though.
26. Between the Third and Fourth Episodes
In Revenge of the Sith, Chewbacca is part of the Wookiees’ defense of their home planet of Kashyyk during the Clone Wars. The story doesn’t really answer as to how he got from there to becoming the first mate on the Millennium Falcon, but the Extended Universe did provide an explanation. In the novel The Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader, the newly formed Empire launches an attack on Kashyyk and enslaves most of its population. Chewbacca barely escapes with his life, becoming a smuggler to survive.
25. There’s a Distinction!
The weapon which Chewbacca uses in the Star Wars films, despite being called a crossbow by such characters as Luke Skywalker, actually has an in-canon name: it’s a Wookiee bowcaster (we didn’t say it was particularly complex).
24. Tired of the Headache
One of the iconic gestures associated with Chewbacca is the head tilt he often gives when he is moving or listening to someone. According to Peter Mayhew himself, he came up with this gesture purely so he wouldn’t bump his head on any of the sets!
23. Method Directing?
According to Irvin Kirshner, the man who directed The Empire Strikes Back, he would make a conscious effort to only provide direction to Peter Mayhew when the actor was in full costume and playing Chewbacca. He said it was helpful to look at Chewbacca as though he was a Wookiee in real life rather than some tall guy dressed like an alien.
22. When Chewie Met Han
Before the latest Star Wars movie about Han Solo’s origins, and before Disney acquired the Star Wars franchise from Lucasfilm, there was an explanation given for how Chewbacca and Han Solo became partners-in-crime. According to The Hutt Gambit, an Extended Universe book written by A. C. Crispin, Chewbacca was a captive of the Empire when a lieutenant of the Imperial Navy was ordered to skin the Wookie. Luckily for Chewbacca, the young lieutenant was Han Solo. Solo saved Chewbacca, who swore a life-debt to him in response. The rest was history.
21. Thank Goodness for Rosetta Stone
In contrast, this rescue and life-debt situation was completely reversed in Solo: A Star Wars Story. Han Solo is the one who is sentenced to death at Chewbacca’s hands. Chewbacca only halts his attack on Solo when Solo reveals that he can speak Chewie’s language.
20. Advisory Credit Included?
Peter Mayhew’s performance was so perfect that it was actually essential in developing Chewbacca beyond the films themselves. Mayhew was invited to join Dave Filoni while he supervised the finale episode of the third season of Star Wars: The Clone Wars. Mayhew provided tips to the animators for all the little details on how Chewbacca should look and move. Without wishing to rob Mayhew of an easy paycheck, we do wonder how these animators hadn’t already memorized every detail of the Star Wars films before getting the dream job of animating a Star Wars show!
19. In and Out the Door
Despite being brought back for Revenge of the Sith and getting a brand-new costume for the occasion, Peter Mayhew only played the role of Chewbacca for a single day.
For the later films in the Star Wars series, such as The Last Jedi, The Force Awakens, and Solo: A Star Wars Story, the role of Chewbacca has been gradually taken over by Finnish basketball player Joonas Suotama, due to Peter Mayhew’s advanced age making him less able to perform all the required stunts. However, Mayhew has continued to be credited as an advisor on said films.
17. No! Not Chewie!
Another crucial plot point which rests in the former Extended Universe of the Star Wars franchise is the fact that Chewbacca was killed off, meeting his end in the 1999 book The New Jedi Order: Vector Prime. The main characters, Chewie included, are trying to flee a collapsing planet after saving multiple people, but they are unable to reach their ship before it is too late. To make matters worse, Han’s son, Anakin, had to make the call to fly away and leave Chewbacca to die in order to save everyone else on the ship. This drives a deep wedge between Anakin and his father, who is naturally heartbroken at the death of his oldest friend.
16. How Dare You!
This devastation of Han at the death of his friend was shared by hardcore Star Wars fans who followed the novels of the Extended Universe. According to the author of said book, R. A. Salvatore, he got death threats for killing Chewie off!
15. Masters of Life and Death
The great irony of R. A. Salvatore receiving death threats for killing off the beloved character was that he was entirely against it! It was a decision of the EU editors that a major character ought to be killed off to give the books more credibility. George Lucas received a hit list of names from the editors and was asked which one they could kill. In keeping with this rather macabre style of deciding life and death, Lucas sent back a list of names which he would not allow to be killed. Since Chewbacca’s name wasn’t on the list, the editors decided that it should be him.
14. First Prize
This shocking death of such a beloved character in the Extended Universe did not go unnoticed. In 2005, the Star Wars Insider magazine picked the death of Chewbacca as the #1 Most Memorable Moment of the Extended Universe.
13. It Pays to Complain About Your Feet
Reportedly, the people behind Star Wars first became aware of Mayhew because of a London newspaper article. Mayhew had participated in a local story examining the plights of people with very large feet. This article led to him being contacted to appear in Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger. From there, someone in the makeup department went over to Star Wars and recommended Mayhew when they were still looking for an actor to play Chewbacca.
12. It Ain’t Just About the Height!
Despite not being a professional actor on the level of someone like Daniel Day-Lewis or Christian Bale, it must be acknowledged how much work Peter Mayhew has put into bringing Chewbacca to life. Mayhew went to zoos and studied the movements of bears, gorillas, and monkeys to develop Chewbacca’s gait, rather than having him move like a huge human. This has made for an incredibly subtle and unique performance by Mayhew which has helped make Chewbacca so iconic.
11. Peter the Great
In fact, Peter Mayhew’s iconic performance as Chewbacca was so underrated that even the shooting crew didn’t always appreciate the hard work he put into his performance. At one point during the filming process of the original trilogy, Mayhew had to take the day off due to illness, leading to a stand-in appearing in the costume in his place (how they found another 7’ tall person so quickly is beyond us). However, upon reviewing the footage, none of it was usable because the stand-in was so obviously not Chewbacca.
10. Next Thing You’ll Tell Me, Jar-Jar is Chewbacca’s Cousin!
In 1978, George Lucas filmed the Star Wars Holiday Special, a project which has gone down in infamy for being so terrible that even Lucas was ashamed of it, trying to suppress it ever since it aired. The holiday special loosely follows Han Solo and Chewbacca hurrying to Chewbacca’s home planet to reunite Chewbacca with his family. Yes, Chewbacca had a family, which was comprised of a father named Attichitcuk (also known as Itchy), a wife named Mallatobuck (also known as Malla), and a son named Lumpawarrump (also called Lumpy). We can see why Lucas wants this film buried and forgotten.
9. What am I, Chopped Liver?
As most Star Wars fans have probably noticed, Chewbacca was famously snubbed during the ceremony held at the end of A New Hope. While Luke Skywalker and Han Solo received medals for their roles in destroying the Death Star (spoilers?), Chewbacca did not receive one. This prompted broad fan outrage over the years, with some saying that of all the things that Lucas could “correct” with CGI in the remastered edition of the original trilogy, why not put a medal on Chewbacca’s neck?!
8. The Wookiee Won
Eventually, efforts were made to correct this medal snub. In 1997, the MTV Movie Awards brought out Carrie Fisher herself to present a Lifetime Achievement Award to Chewbacca. Peter Mayhew was on hand to play his iconic role as Fisher gave him his long overdue medal.
7. Wait, What?
It’s safe to say that most of you figured that Chewbacca’s voice was a blend of different animal sounds, because while the grunts and growls seem animal-like, it’s not quite like any specific animal that exists on Earth. Sound designer Ben Burtt combined the noises of no less than seven animals to create that perfect cocktail blend, including a badger, walrus, tiger, lion, bear, camel, and surprisingly, a rabbit!
6. This Voicework is Just Right
Speaking of that black bear, we actually do know which specific black bear was used to provide part of Chewbacca’s voice! The bear in question lived in Happy Hollow Zoo in San Jose, California and was named Tarik. We’re not sure when that bear passed away, but we hope Tarik got a funeral with full Rebel Alliance honors in gratitude.
5. Alien Customs
Ralph McQuarrie’s original drawings of Chewbacca were extremely different from George Lucas’s vision—namely, what the character of Chewbacca would be wearing. McQuarrie originally drew shorts and a flak jacket on Chewbacca, but Lucas disagreed. He wanted Chewbacca to essentially be naked, hence why he only wears a bandolier.
4. Put Some Pants on Him!
Chewbacca’s “birthday suit” look actually caused a bit of a controversy while the first Star Wars film was being made. The studio continually sent notes to Lucas insisting that the alien needed to conform to human culture by wearing less revealing clothes (see: bandolier and nothing else). Lucas refused to back down from his vision, however, and we can safely say that 99% of you who have watched the Star Wars trilogy have never even questioned or disputed the lack of underwear on Chewie.
While Return of the Jedi was being filmed in the redwood forests of California, Peter Mayhew was urged not to wander around while he was in costume; there was a great concern that some random hunters would bump into him during filming and assume he was Bigfoot! We’re glad that Mayhew’s life was being protected, but we almost wish that we could have been there to see the look on some hiker’s face if they bumped into Chewbacca in the woods!
2. Two Thumbs Down
Shockingly, one person who hated the character of Chewbacca was famous film critic Roger Ebert! In 1997, Ebert released a review of The Empire Strikes Back wherein he wrote of Chewbacca: “This character was thrown into the first film as window dressing, was never thought through, and as a result has been saddled with one facial expression and one mournful yelp.” He even went on to say that Chewbacca was the worst character of the film! I’m just going to pretend I never heard that.
1. Man’s Best Friend
According to George Lucas, he was inspired to create Chewbacca by his own dog, an Alaskan Malamute. The image of Chewbacca first came out of Lucas driving his car with his dog riding shotgun, with its size meaning that the dog was at head height with Lucas. The image of a large animal and a human sitting together inspired Lucas to create a sidekick for the character that eventually became Han Solo. Interestingly, said dog’s name was Indiana. Try and guess what other Lucas-written character was inspired by that name! | <urn:uuid:3afd14ab-0913-4f71-aa6d-9d24f1ef795b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.factinate.com/instant/42-cuddly-facts-about-chewbacca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975335 | 4,120 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Math has always been a subject that attracts much attention from parents. They want to know: How and what are students learning in math class? What materials are they using? How do we best foster student interest in math and STEM?
To help shed some light on these and other important questions, our middle school principal, assistant principal and one of our middle school math teachers recently shared with parents a comprehensive overview of Concordia’s Middle School Math program.
Philosophy and Aim
Our philosophy surrounding math education is one of balancing scaffolded mathematical skill development that is both rigorous and relevant to the learner. To this end, our MS math program is divided into two phases.
In Grade 5, students continue building on the mathematical proficiencies they acquire in elementary school through Bridges in Mathematics, a standard curriculum designed for Kindergarten to Grade 5 students.
When transitioning to Grade 6, students shift to our Connected Math Program (CMP), which is a problem-centered approach that uses inquiry to support mathematical skill development and its connection to other disciplines.
As introduced by Assistant Principal Mrs. Lisa Hawkins, the aim of MS Math Program is to balance mathematical skill, along with a deep conceptual understanding and doing it in a context or with problems and activities.
Supporting Pillars of the Math Program
The two pillars that support our students learning are:
- mathematical skill development
- deep conceptual understanding
There are two approaches to teach math. The older teaching method is called direct instruction, under which students copy what’s on the board, do some math on their own and, through repetition, look to retain the relevant knowledge. With this approach, students often retain the knowledge in their minds long enough to take a test and then often forget it when they move on to next unit.
According to math teacher Mr. Muir, Concordia Middle School adopts a classroom instructional teaching model that forms a student’s conceptual understanding in mathematical ideas. The goal is not only that they can solve math problems, but they know the “why and how” and have the ability to transfer their knowledge into new situations and apply it to new contexts.
Designing effective and collaborative math classes
Math classes in Concordia Middle School are carried out through a problem-based approach, which incorporates problems in a real-world context, making math relevant, interesting and engaging.
In a problem-based program, teachers start a unit by launching a problem/investigation and inspiring students with initial ideas and questions. After having time to think and explore, students work in groups, discussing and exchanging ideas.
The class then comes back together to summarize the connections that students learned and the patterns that they saw emerging, in order to form different solutions that they use to solve the problem. Internalized, lasting knowledge is acquired as a result of student engagement and richer and deeper connections to the material are formed. Knowledge acquired through active learning, exploration and application won’t be easily forgotten even after the unit is finished.
Example: G8 Algebra Classroom - How we learn various algebraic relationships (linear, inverse, exponential and quadratic)
- What do you think is the relationship between the length of a bridge and how strong it is?
- Or the thickness of a bridge and how strong it is?
Students work in teams to...
- Come up with initial ideas and think about factors that would relate to the relationships they are trying to solve.
Next, they test their theories by...
- Making bridges and building a test for the thickness
- Observing what happens as it gets thicker
- Recording the data
- Graphing the data out to see linear relationship or inverse relationship
The class comes back to…
- Learn procedural skills such as writing equations.
- Connect real-world knowledge with textbook and tests.
Ways to Assess Students’ Knowledge
Mr. Muir also shared the comprehensive ways in which we assess a student’s understanding of the knowledge presented. Throughout the math unit, there are “unit checkups” to see how well students have understood new concepts, mastered necessary skills and to figure out whether remediation is needed.
Alongside this, we have a special form of quiz called Partner Quizzes, which allows students to take a quiz together. The focus of Partner Quizzes is not only on math skills but also other soft skills like effective communication, which is an essential life skill.
After finishing each unit, we have Unit Tests to assess the students’ cumulative knowledge and Unit Projects to give students an opportunity to show their full mastery of knowledge in a real-world context by applying the relevant math skills.
Extra practice is also assigned as after class homework.
Making Math Fun Beyond the Classroom
We enjoy getting students outside of the four walls of the classroom, so we are always looking for ways to engage them in experiments that allow them to make connections to their other classes. “It's a real interdisciplinary approach,” says Mr. Muir.
Bring Fun to Math - Example: Pie Day Celebrations
Additional Opportunities to Engage in Math
Parents often wonder about the other opportunities to learn math outside the classroom, and in Concordia Middle School, we have this covered through a variety of supplementary math and STEM-related activities.
We provide students opportunities to extend and apply their learning in Math through competitions such as the High Four Math Competitions.
This year’s performance: Concordia students took 1st-4th positions in the G6-8 division.
Outside of School
Concordia has a variety of STEM CCAs that are aimed at helping kids experience the wonders and joys of math, science, engineering and technology.
Aerospace, Coding, Robotics, Math Olympiad, Math AMC8
“Middle school is a time for students to build confidence and explore,” says Mrs. Hawkins. We provide many early exposure opportunities in STEM, including elective offerings for our Grade 7 students which include courses such as Maker/Design, Program/Coding and Engineering/Robotics-- all of which provide additional chances for students to expand and strengthen their math skills. | <urn:uuid:425bdfee-6a3e-49c9-af0e-778a0ca5a55e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.concordiashanghai.org/concordia-middle-school-math-explained | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952865 | 1,285 | 3.609375 | 4 |
ISO 22000 Certification in Thailand concerning the Context of The Organization in ISO 22000:2018, this is another idea that encourages an association to direct an examination of its specific circumstance and to recognize invested individuals to comprehend the extent of the food handling the executive’s framework. This is done to accept a reasonable spotlight on the cycles and prerequisites expected to satisfy the goals of sanitation.
The top administration in an association is liable for acquainting the setting of the association. This is on the grounds that it is they who are outfitted with the association's information in issue in regards to business and some other exercises identified with it. The conversations involve both outside and inside issues that influence the FSMS.
4.1 Understanding the Organization and Its Context
The ISO 22000 2018 area includes the evaluation of all issues that can influence the activity of an association. Issues allude to both inward and outer ones. Instances of the last incorporate political, social, social factors just as innovation. Note that these issues should be coordinated to exclusively influencing sanitation goals.
For sanitation goals to be set up, an association should reexamine these issues every now and again. Reports ought to be given during the executives audits. ISO 22000 Services in Kenya has the idea of these issues can be negative or positive. Discoveries shouldn't just incline toward one side. These aides in deciding setting.
If it's not too much trouble, be educated that there are assortments regarding procedures that can be utilized to decide setting. The most well-known ones are the;
- Serious Profile Matrix (CPM)
- Qualities, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Analysis (SWOT)
- Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological Analysis (PEST)
In spite of recording information not being a required part of setting, it can come in very convenient during business reviews and can be utilized during gatherings while dissecting information.
The following are instances of inside and outside issues that can affect a business:
- The work process of the association, including jobs and obligations appointed to representatives.
- The condition of working conditions.
- Accessibility and usage of assets.
- Rules, guidelines, and strategies overseeing the accomplishment of goals.
- Customer accessibility.
- The way of life of sanitation in the association and the connection among it and the representatives.
- The linkage between an association and a specific area, period or action.
- The capability of the workforce.
- The holding of outstandingly qualified workers.
- ISO 22000 Registration in UK has the genuine environmental elements in which a business works like legislative issues, social and social components, laws and guidelines and regular environmental factors.
- Elements answerable for an effective business cycle including providers, workers for hire accomplices and contenders.
- Laws both at state and worldwide levels.
- The presence of outer item or specialist organizations.
- Occupancy issues in spots of activities.
- Utilization patterns and examples.
- Industry patterns.
- The impact played by an association's items or administrations on the security of food.
For the present, QSE Academy recommends perusing different materials created on our site. You could likewise look at our bundles for directions and tips.
The initial step is to procure toolboxes from QSE Academy that can assist your organization's consistence with the ISO 22000 2018 form.
How to get ISO 22000 Consultants in Sri Lanka
We are providing Service for ISO 22000 Consultant Services in Sri Lanka. With extensive expertise and experience in all International Restriction of Hazardous Substances Standards. For Certification and Implementation of the Standards in your organization, reach Certvalue – ISO 22000 contact us at +7760173623 or you can fill the form here, our experts will call you and guide for Successful Certification. Would be happy to assist your company in the ISO 22000 Certification process to send your research after email@example.com | <urn:uuid:ef012613-bc14-4ec6-b550-fd217fa84250> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reseau.1mile.com/read-blog/33983_iso-22000-2018-context-of-the-organization.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.913078 | 820 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Whether it's a boss, a salesperson, or a customer service agent, we're often in a position when we need something from someone else. Asking questions can sometimes help shift the balance of power in your favor.
We've covered ways of using the Socratic method to "win" an argument by asking questions and asking the other person to explain their idea, but you can use questions to equalize negotiating capabilities when you don't really have much to negotiate with.
When you find yourself in these unequal balances of power, the Harvard Business Review suggests first listening and then asking probing questions:
Two of the most powerful strategies you can deploy are to listen well, which builds trust, and pose questions that encourage the other party to defend their positions. "If they can't defend it, you've shifted the power a bit," says Weiss. If your boss says he doesn't think you are the right addition to a new project, for instance, ask, "What would that person look like?" Armed with that added information, says Neale, "you can then show him that you have those attributes or have the potential to be that person."
You may not have the power of authority, but you do have the power of logic. While they apply this concept to the workplace, you can apply it in other areas of your life too. The next time customer service says "I'm sorry but I don't have the authority to that," consider acknowledging their position and then asking probing questions like "Do you know who has the authority to do that?"
How to Negotiate with Someone More Powerful than You | Harvard Business Review | <urn:uuid:190963a6-80cf-497c-bb7d-71d5971c60ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifehacker.com/negotiate-from-a-position-of-strength-by-asking-the-ri-1599331754 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97124 | 331 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Moscow Peace Talks, one-day conference was hosted by Russia on November 9, and although the Afghan Foreign Ministry confirmed on Friday that they welcome any efforts at peace, the Afghan government did not send a delegation.
Taliban representatives participated in the long-awaited Moscow Peace Talks, but continued to seal their stance that they would only hold direct talks on Afghanistan’s future with the United States, not with the government of Afghanistan. Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai, Taliban’s representative at the talks expressed that “Considering our main demand is the withdrawal of foreign troops, we will discuss peaceful settlement with the Americans. We do not recognize the incumbent government as legitimate.”
But representatives of Afghanistan’s High Peace Council attended the conference and they reiterated President Ghani’s offer of peace talks without pre-conditions. Their stance was clear-Afghan-led and owned peace process must be default.
“We have [The Taliban] left the doors of understanding and negotiations open,” the Taliban insurgents said in a statement appreciating that both the Afghan government and US commanders in Afghanistan admit to the fact that solution for ending the war cannot be via military means, but only through negotiations. The statement also included a list of demands including the end of international sanctions and the release of detainees. The Taliban also reiterated their demand for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghan soil.
The Moscow Talks according to experts is viewed by western officials and Ghani’s government with suspicion. Many believe that it is merely an attempt by Russia to seek its way into the region with respect to influence.
“The government hopes that this meeting leads to direct talks between the government of Afghanistan and the Taliban and that the Taliban are not allowed to instrumentalize this meeting,” the Afghan foreign ministry said in a statement.
Indian Ministry of External Affairs Spokesperson Raveesh Kumar had earlier confirmed that New Delhi will only be present at the talks at ‘non-official’ level, adding that “India’s consistent policy has been that such efforts should be Afghan-led, Afghan-owned, and Afghan-controlled and with participation of the government of Afghanistan”.
Meanwhile at the talks, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov played the roles of mediator and experienced hand in Afghanistan’s conflicts. “Russia stands for preserving the one and undivided Afghanistan, in which all of the ethnic groups that inhabit this country would live side by side peacefully and happily,” Lavrov said.
Representatives of 11 countries, including regional countries like China, Iran and Pakistan participated in official capacity. A representative from the U.S. Embassy in Moscow attended, but only as an observer.
A notable comment made in the conference was by Habiba Sarabi, the deputy chair of the High Peace Council and the only woman to take part in the talks: “I asked them, ‘When will you bring a woman to these talks?” Sarabi said. “They laughed and said, ‘Why don’t you represent us?’ ”
Moscow Talks were previously scheduled to take place in September but experts believe that since the Afghan government outrightly refused to attend, and so did the United States, Russia postponed it. | <urn:uuid:0edce003-bbeb-4309-ab0a-10b1195bb1b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reporterly.net/latest-stories/moscow-talks-comments-representatives-and-stances/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.967689 | 670 | 2 | 2 |
I'm doing this in a unixie way rather than looking for Mac specific packages.
0. sudo -H -u root /bin/bash
1. Get Mysql and install. Put this in /usr/local/msyql. The mysql manual is pretty good, so I won't duplicate. Make a db user ("drupaloompa") and db as drupal tells you.
2. Get Apache 2 and install. You'll need DSO support, so ./configure --enable-so. I wonder why they don't make this a default. Anyway, Apache 2.2 gave an error:
configure: error: Cannot use an external APR-util with the bundled APR
I decided to punt and go back to Apache 2.0. This worked fine. Probably I have another apache server pre-installed by Steve Jobs. Looks so, so be be careful that your paths point to /usr/local/apache2.
3. Get PHP 5. Configure/make/make install had one variation: ./configure failed unless I gave the full path to mysql, so I ran (in /usr/local/php-X.Y)
./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
Noticed an unusual problem with PHP's "make install": it looked for libs in
but my libs were in
I rectified this straighforwardly (it's late) but probably this is some ./configure issue.
Checked php by creating a little file (phptest.php) with the line <? phpinfo() ?> in htdocs. This worked/
4. Copied drupal directory (after gnutarring) into htdocs. Note you want to do this:
cp -r /path/to/drupal-5.1/* /usr/local/apache/htdocs
You don't want the directory /usr/local/apache/htdocs/drupal-5.1. For some reason, my PHP files did not get parsed in this directory, but everything worked fine when I moved things to the top level htdocs directory.
5. Start apache and point to http://localhost/index.php. You will see a complaint about write access to settings.php. Do this:
chmod a+w sites/default/settings.php
Run this, use your Mysql user account and password, and you are good. Remove write permissions on settings.php.
chmod a-w sites/default/settings.php
Point your browser to http://localhost/index.php again and get going. Note that you will need to clear your browser cache if you loaded any Apache pages. Use shift-reload or just quit the browser and start a new one. In any case, http://localhost/ should show the index.php pages, not "It works" or any Apache feathers. | <urn:uuid:d7bf7ba7-1b21-43d1-92e3-25d3ff57f776> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://communitygrids.blogspot.com/2007/07/drupal-mac-install.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.875041 | 662 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Traditionally in Morocco womb steaming is a common practice for all postpartum mothers , but is also known to be a significantly worldwide practice too.
In the UK postpartum care is minimal, involving a 6 week check-up at your GP centre, during this period your body is undergoing a huge healing process, closing of the vaginal canal, the uterus removing left over lochia, the uterus reducing to its normal size. During this period common complications may arise such as infections, uterus contractions, swollen skin or vaginal prolapse.
Womb steaming is an ancient tradition which involves the new mother sitting over a warm bowl of postpartum herbs chosen carefully to help cleanse or detoxify. The steam from these herbs enters the vagina, is absorbed through tissue walls and flows through the blood promoting cleansing and healing of all the abdominal organs. Womb steaming has shown a relief to complications such as haemorrhoids, infections, constipations, water retention, postpartum contractions and prolapse.
Previous case studies show womb steaming has shown lochia drains after the first 5-6 sessions as opposed to the norm of 6 weeks, the uterus shrinks back to size within the first two weeks as opposed to 4-5 and after 4-5 weeks the vaginal canal is tightened in comparison to mothers who have not had steaming and those who believe it will never be tight again.
Any woman, of any age, a mother or not will BENEFIT from womb steaming, research is now proving womb steaming can help conditions such as regular infections, pms, endrometisis, period pain issues, heavy bleeding issues, trauma. I could give you a list but the list is endless! This is an ancient blessing us women, have been blessed with to use and heal with!
So you’ve given birth within the first year of postpartum, Amazing! Though maybe your pelvic floor feels weakened since giving birth? Has your back ache worsened? Or do you feel something loose or achy? Have you emotionally healed and accepted motherhood? Have you supported and nourished your amazing body? Did you know your entire body has stretched to its maximum capacity and now your organs are trying to realign and return back into place. What have you in place to HELP you HEAL and HOLD everything together…
Closing the bones is an ancient Moroccan ceremony which I have
been blessed and taught by traditional midwifes. It consists of using handmade
material such as wool or cotton, the mother is wrapped and pulled together from
head to toe. It is a way to support the new mothers healing, helping the body
return to a pre pregnancy state, supporting the joints and muscles and aiding
in the uterus and womb returning back into place.
It is a ceremony taking at least up to 2 hours, the whole body is hugged creating a warm sense of protection and healing, lightening all the body’s pain and aches and alleviating any pelvic instability. The space is scented with a mesmerising blend of natural traditional soaked Moroccan woodchips/resins, traditionally used to adore and celebrate the new mother. The Closing ceremony traditionally is also known to help hormonal balance after birth, any unwanted discharge or tissue/clots, supporting the womb area of the body to be clean and return to a pre pregnancy state. Closing the bones ceremony also provides postural support for the torso, supports the abdominal wall healing as “Diastasis Recti” is very common due to a growing uterus in pregnancy which stretches the abdominal muscles causing the abdomen to separate. Restores pelvic floor muscles, supports the bodies natural spine and posture realignment after birth, prevents weight gain and stabilises any loose ligaments.
The act of closing the bones includes a massage with natural olive oil on the legs/arms before the closing ceremony whilst the new mother peacefully lays relaxing her body soothed by listening to authentic traditional Moroccan music ending with belly binding.
Traditionally the closing the bones ceremony is recommended to be done 3-4 times at least within the first week after giving birth or within the first 40 days for optimal effects but is also recommended to be done at-least 3 times within the first year.
Book now and invest in the healing process you deserve! | <urn:uuid:5abe8860-469d-4828-92aa-7c52ab2c6f04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://traditionalpostpartumcarecar.wordpress.com/author/aroojshazad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947174 | 885 | 1.664063 | 2 |
If you have been wondering how to write an intro for essay, then you have come to the right place. This article will discuss the different parts of an intro, including the Hook, Transitional section, Body paragraphs, and Conclusion. Once you’ve completed these sections, you’ll be well on your way to writing a successful essay. You’ll know what you need to do in the Body paragraphs and Conclusion to make your writing more effective and captivating.
Hook is an attention grabber
An attention-grabbing hook for an essay will get the reader’s attention and lead them to read the rest of the essay. The hook statement should relate to the topic and provide the reader with food for thought. However, it is important to keep in mind that an attention-grabbing hook is not the same as a thesis statement. It is necessary to keep in mind the main idea of your essay before you use this hook statement.
A hook can be something unexpected that will surprise your audience. An interesting fact or an exaggerated statement will hook your audience. The hook is intended for a non-specialist audience and should appeal to their senses. If the audience is not familiar with the topic, consider using a statistic that can show how the subject relates to the everyday life of a reader. For example, an essay about the dangers of swimming in algae might use a hook that connects to how we view it.
Transitional part of introduction for essay
The transitional part of the introduction for essay consists of three major parts. The attention-grabber, background information and thesis statement are all part of the introduction. The attention-grabber should be a compelling statement that entices readers to read on, so include some background information on the topic. Identify and define key terms. Then, move on to the thesis statement. If your introduction is too generic, the reader may feel disoriented and lose interest in your essay.
The next part of the introduction for essay is the transitional part. It is very important to include a thesis statement that tells the reader what the essay is about. The last sentence of the introductory paragraph should be a transitional “hook” to move the reader into the first body paragraph. The final sentence should restate your thesis statement and map out your main points. It is important to remember to use the transitional part of the introduction for essay to create a more powerful, effective introduction.
When writing an essay, you may be wondering how to write a body paragraph. Fortunately, the introduction of the essay serves as your hook and your thesis statement. If this sounds like a difficult task, it isn’t. Fortunately, there are several key elements of a good body paragraph. Listed below are some helpful tips to help you craft a strong essay. Let’s take a look.
The first sentence of each body paragraph should be your topic sentence. This is a catchy way to get your readers interested in reading your essay. This sentence is called a paragraph leader. The topic sentence is an outline of what follows in the body paragraph. This is particularly helpful when the body paragraph pivots or has a pivotal point. After writing the topic sentence, write your body paragraphs in the same order.
An effective conclusion is not merely a restatement of the thesis; it should also tie back to the introduction, linking to the main idea. For example, a story-based introduction should be followed by a definition of the topic. In a definition essay, the conclusion should link back to the introduction, while a personal insight-based introduction might be followed by a provocative statement. Both elements should be equally effective, though the conclusion shouldn’t be too repetitive or too long.
A good conclusion paragraph doesn’t need to be long, but it should be as brief as possible. It should mirror the essay introduction in length and should reflect its formula. This structural parallelism will strengthen the main message of the essay. It should summarize the main points of the essay and stress the importance of the material presented, leaving a lasting impression on the audience. A sample conclusion paragraph can be found in a business report, letter, or online article. | <urn:uuid:8b11e2e7-4048-4463-a14c-3f7d1a29150d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://proessays.biz/how-to-write-an-intro-for-an-essay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.916003 | 857 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Exceptional relaxation for the whole body
The most common type of massage is Swedish massage therapy. It involves soft, long, kneading strokes, as well as light, rhythmic, tapping strokes, on topmost layers of muscles. This is also combined with movement of the joints. By relieving muscle tension, Swedish therapy can be both relaxing and energizing. | <urn:uuid:c8aff092-b8c3-45d2-8efd-c479393d94ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taketenspa.com/treatment/massage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957594 | 80 | 1.546875 | 2 |
TULSA, Okla – Like Occupy movements all over the country, the Occupy Tulsa movement has been going on for weeks with no end in sight. On November 2nd the Tulsa Police Department used pepper spray on the handful of protesters who were violating the curfew law at Centennial Green in downtown Tulsa’s financial district. While the incident was not as widely reported as the November 18th pepper spraying at Occupy UC Davis, the Tulsa Police Department only used pepper spray that one night. From that point the arrests were kept fairly low key until the night of November 13th, when a helicopter was deployed while the police dealt with six protesters who had volunteered for civil disobedience.
Tulsa has one of the highest Native American populations in the country, so many Indian people are a part of the protest, including Jesse (Creek) and Adrian (Creek/ Seminole) Childers, who have brought five of their children out to the protests many times.
“We’re standing firm with these sisters and brothers,” Jesse Childers said. “We hope that a new generation will see that we’re making waves in order for their generation to have a better way so they don’t have to go through the madness that we’ve gone through.”
One of the videographers of the movement is Joe Briggs Jr., who is Cheyenne-Arapaho. He has been arrested three times and received a citation, so far.
Briggs started capturing video with his cellphone at the Occupy Tulsa protest for a documentary project. “After they got pepper sprayed I started hanging out with Occupy Tulsa more, and actually became involved with what they were doing,” Briggs said. “I’d been with these guys for quite a few days, I kept up with them on the Internet, and it became personal. After the pepper spray, I went from being just a historian to actually wanting to be more involved as a protester. So the next night I came out with these guys and went ahead and got arrested.”
Briggs has no doubt that the Tulsa Police Department stopped using pepper spray due to the videos being posted on YouTube.com. “After the national media exposure that they got from everybody filming there wasn’t anything to try and deny, so the second night they weren’t as aggressive,” Briggs said. As Occupy Tulsa has a legal team with paperwork ready, he has only had to spend a few hours in jail.
Briggs has a full time job as a telemarketer, so after getting out of jail he went home, changed his clothes, took a shower, and went to work. He says he is getting only a few hours of sleep a day between his job and the protest. “I have no personal life,” he joked.
Over the weekend the Occupy Tulsa movement relocated to a location in Tulsa’s entertainment center, The Brady District, across from the historic Cain’s Ballroom, so they would not disrupt The Williams Route 66 Marathon run that occurred on November 19th. However, after their Thanksgiving dinner Thursday afternoon they plan to set back up at the Centennial Green.
Occupy Wall Street is apparently planning a major protest at Federal Courthouses on January 20th across the country and Briggs says he and Occupy Tulsa plan on occupying at least until that date. He bought a tent and a sleeping bag over the weekend for the long winter ahead.
Briggs has posted his video on YouTube.com for any media relations that wish to use it under the name TeamBritneyTULSA. | <urn:uuid:d21fac1e-0e10-4978-960b-9a27a9ac91d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/native-americans-occupy-indian-country-in-tulsa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.98287 | 751 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Suitable for printing on
Consumable printing colors
Training to work with silk screen printing machine
What is the silk screen printing market and its income?
In recent years, considering the importance of advertising in sales, as well as sustainable advertising and the importance of branding, in addition to large businesses, small businesses have also started advertising and have been informed of the importance of this work.
One of the most important branches of product advertising is product packaging, design and inserted information and customer awareness.
Silk screen printing is mainly done on consumer goods such as nylon, nylon, promotional handbags, cartons and boxes, leather, glass calendar, wood, wedding card, etc. It is always possible to extend the customer’s order and all buyers of your printing services. They will be added to your regular customer bank, which is why silkscreen printing is one of the most lucrative jobs.
Why use a silk screen printing machine?
First of all, due to the high circulation of daily printing, traditional printing methods in terms of manpower can not meet the needs of a silk screen printing house. Also, the level of print quality due to a constant pressure of the spatula and squiggle with a constant pressure and the constant angle of the scotch spade according to the speed adjustment of the reciprocating system of the printing set according to the user’s choice for different printing media Does not have much higher. The next case is to reduce the manpower used in the printing process, which reduces the cost of printing due to the competitive price of printing in the market.
Are silk screen printing machines and dryers custom made in certain sizes?
شرکت تولید چاپ تک پک سازنده مستقیم ماشین آلات چاپ سیلک و خشک کن و برش پارچه میباشد که درصورت احتیاج به ماشین الات اختصاصی ساخت طبق نیاز مشتری طراحی و برآورد قیمت و تولید میشود
How long does it take for the print to dry in the dryer?
If you use a silk screen printing dryer, the printing operation is practically done step by step, and with the completion of the printing stage, the drying operation is completed and the printed material is ready to be delivered to the customer, but if you do not use a printing dryer, you must print Hang it on the rope, and depending on the type of color you use, it may take from half an hour to a day for the print to dry.
The drying of the printed matter inside the dryer depends on several factors:
Ink material: Printing inks are usually easier to dry, and non-specialized inks that are used to reduce the cost of printing, such as oil inks, are harder to dry and should use a combination of materials that help dry it.
Print surface: The print surface has an effect on drying time
Due to the above two factors, the dryers of Tak Pak Company in models with different sizes and the possibilities of controlling the speed of the conveyor and controlling the temperature and the temperature inside the tank can dry your printed material. You should pay attention to how much heat your print material can withstand? With the guidance of single pack technicians, you can choose the right dryer for you.
How do we design to connect to a computer for printing?
Another recurring question from customers who are unfamiliar with the silkscreen printing process is how do we get the printing design to the silkscreen printing machine? Is it connected to a computer? Or does it have a USB port to connect the flash?
In answer to this question I must say that none of this
In fact, you have to print your print design in monochrome and black on paper, and then with the help of a light desk and stencil making tools, a stencil will appear and close that stencil to the printing machine and pour the color inside and give the printing command to the printing machine. All these steps will be taught to you when the device is delivered and there are simple steps to making a template.
Can a silk screen printing workshop be set up as a second or part-time job?
Silk screen printing is a non-face-to-face service and is usually not urgent. For this reason, silk screen printing can be chosen as a second and part-time job, which can be done even at night and during overtime. However, personally, based on the experience of long sales of silk screen printing machines and setting up silk printing workshops throughout the country and even exporting to neighboring countries, I believe that due to the prosperity of this work and the wide market of silk screen printing, this job is considered as the main job. Starting as a second or part-time job in silk screen printing, this became their main occupation and they expanded their printing workshop.
How many colors does the silk screen printing machine print?
Silk screen printing machines print one stencil as a pilot and single stencil printing machines print several colors separately and separately in several separate rounds. After drying, they print each color.
The important point to consider in this case is that the majority of printing orders in the market are monochrome. Because in silk screen printing, the cost of each color of the print and its template is received separately from the customer and the customer has to pay two or three times the cost for two or three color printing as a fee, which reduces the percentage of multi-color orders. .
Is silk screen printing effective in small towns?
Silk screen printing machine, due to the fact that it can print on various objects, is associated with many jobs that are mostly consumable. If you live in a small town, you can decide to buy according to your population and geographical potential.
Now what do you mean by population and geographical potential? Depending on the population, more job opportunities are created in each city. For example, the larger the population of a city, the more jobs are created and the greater the need for any services, of which printing is one of the services, such as more stores or workshops. Most industries have a greater need in the market to discuss packaging such as Nylex nylon, sacks, boxes and cartons, parts and promotional gifts.
Depending on the geographical potential of a city, such as agricultural products such as rice or nuts, you can consider the need for sacks, nylon, cardboard, packaging and printing on it and focus on it as a target market. Or various industrial products such as gypsum cement and any other product ..
– Depending on the distance of the surrounding cities, you can also work on the consumer markets of the surrounding cities, which can help your business grow a lot.
What is the gas consumption of the gas dryer?
C50 gas dryer:
The most economical dryer and dryer in terms of consumption is the C50 gas dryer, which uses a special type of low-consumption burner and its hourly consumption is only about 150 to 200 tomans.
And about 3 amps also consumes electricity for the motor, fan and inverter control of the device. That is, a working day with ten hours of work consumes less than 4 thousand tomans
What is the power consumption of dryers?
Consumption of gas and electric dryers:
Silk screen printing dryer model A50:
It has 8 elements of 500 watts, which consumes 18 amps of power in most cases with the consumption of the device motor, inverter and fan.
Of course, the device has a temperature control thermostat that the temperature is higher than the allowable dry level
Does not produce and by automatically tapping the elements automatically turn on and off and prevents full consumption.
Silk screen printing dryer model B50:
This printing dryer is produced in length of 4 meters and has all the characteristics of A50 dryer, but the power of its elements is higher and at most it now consumes 23 amps of electricity, which according to the above description and according to the control features of the device can save consumption. There is also
How much power does the printing machine consume?
Automatic silk screen printing devices consume less than 5 amps of power and are very low consumption because most of the pneumatic power of the machine’s air jacks is used and the only power consumption of the machine is the main board, PLC and motor of the machine in fully completed models.
How can I attract a customer?
Customer engagement really depends on what branch you want to work in and what you want to print on.
For example, if you want to print on promotional items, you can either contact the customer directly or order advertising from their customers.
In any case, it is better for you to have an album of sample printed products
Let me give you an example
You can find suppliers of printing supplies and get samples from them
For example, manufacturer of nylon and Nylex
Manufacturer of cloth handbags
Manufacturer of boxes and cartoons such as fast food boxes, shoe boxes, packing cartons, etc.
Manufacturer of promotional gifts such as calendars and receipts. Types of document covers. Car sunshade and ..
Manufacturer of bags and sacks such as polypropylene sacks and cloth bags for packing rice and all kinds of nuts and industrial and food materials ..
You can show this example of your work to your customers and order work from them
Buy from the supplier, print the amount required by your customer and the printing method and deliver it to the customer
You can get a discount and a percentage of cooperation from your supplier and make a profit on the material, as well as a profit on the cost of printing and stencils. Just pay attention to this article, first:
Convince the customer to buy more from you so that he will be more profitable for you while you work.
And second: when you enter the job market, you must be different from your competitors that your customer chooses, for example
Or you can innovate at work and unveil new products
Or you can work at a reasonable price
Or you can deliver on the spot to the customer and ..
What compressor is needed for automatic silk screen printing machines?
Compressor or air pump suitable for single pack silk screen printing machine can be 150 to 250 liters with 6 bar power. The higher the liter of the compressor or the larger the tank, the later it will automatically turn on and turn on and start refilling the pump. Air compressors are available in two models, standing and lying down, which you can choose according to the amount of work space. Standing compressors take up less space.
Do we have to buy a dryer? Can we work if we do not have a dryer?
No, you definitely should not get a dryer! But note what you need to do without a dryer to dry a large print run? Or you should have a good room space where you can pull the rope. Or you should spread the items on the floors of a hand dryer or table. This material has two main disadvantages. First, a lot of time is wasted for the printed material to dry. Second, you need an extra workforce to pick up and flatten the print. In any case, if you can not afford to buy a dryer at the beginning, you can use these methods. But if you have a rail dryer, you can place your media on the conveyor of the dryer after printing so that the dryer pulls it into the tank and after drying, directs it out of the machine on the other side.
Can we print on clothes too?
The silk screen printing machine is actually responsible for drawing the scotch and transferring the color and returning the color with a spatula for the next print. So with these descriptions, you can print on all smooth surfaces according to the conditions of your print media.
But you should note that each job needs its own expertise and just by having a silk screen printing machine, you can not get a suitable and competitive printing without having the knowledge and experience of this job. , Calendars and receipts, sacks, etc. are easily possible with a few exercises. Printing clothes due to high sensitivity and having different conditions, such as considering the type of fabric, the right color for that type of fabric, proper substructure, drying with the right dryer requires knowledge and experience that beginners who are just starting to work They can start from easier levels and gradually print clothes by gaining experience.
Does silk screen printing smell and make noise?
About the sound of the silk screen printing machine: It has no special noise and has less noise than the industrial sewing machine. But the air compressor that you prepare for the device has a sound like the sound of a motorcycle when it automates and turns on, depending on the type of compressor, and after filling the tank, it turns off again from the compressed air. If this sound is a problem for you, you can use wood and sound insulation to make a muffler box for your air compressor at a low cost.
About the smell of silk screen printing machine:
Regarding the color smell of silk screen printing machine, I have to offer you that different colors are used for printing on different materials and different color solvents can be odorless and odorless. For example, PVC dye used for nylon printing is used as a retarder solvent to loosen its dye, which has a special odor. Due to the quality of the dye and the retarder can be purchased at a higher cost without dye and solvent. Water-based paints are usually odorless and are mostly used on fabrics and cartons. Colors of polyethylene, pigment, plastisol, Div, Marabou, latex, harvest, all kinds of bases .. certainly have their own solvents, some of which have a specific odor and some are odorless. Also, never forget a fan for proper air conditioning in your silk screen printing workshop.
What is the income of silk screen printing?
This is a question that is very frequent and I heard a lot during my sales and operation of silk screen printing workshops. How many millions do I make per month? Approximately how much can I earn each month?
In fact, the income of any job in any job of freedom is unpredictable and everything depends on your own efforts. You can buy a machine and set up a printing workshop and do not go to any work or customer and do not communicate and by nature have no income. You can keep your device on for 24 hours by introducing your product and marketing it and work on it. Now, what is the advantage of silkscreen printing in this article compared to other jobs? The good and advantage of silkscreen printing is that in connection with many jobs, as I answered in the previous question, there are many cases where printing methods can be printed and all of them are mostly consumer and customer Constantly renews the order. So if you work well, your relationship with the customer will never be cut off and only new customers will be added to your customer list. In addition to this case, you can also get the customer’s printing raw materials from the manufacturer at a lower price and make a profit on that material. For example, the customer has ordered nylon. Calculate the cost of printing and stencil separately.
What can be printed on with silk screen printing?
Perhaps the answer to this question is beyond counting. In fact, silk screen printing is associated with many jobs and can be printed on many objects and parts. Items such as nylon and store-bought Nylexes that are widely used, cloth handbags, cardboard boxes and boxes and cartons such as shoe boxes, fast food boxes, types of product cartons and parts used by factories and workshops, types Promotional gifts such as car sunshades, calendars and receipts, disposable food container lids, sacks of agricultural and dry products such as rice sacks, sacks of flour, sacks of cereals, etc. Industrial, plastic and metal parts, types of glass, leather, cartons Plast and …
Does the device have a warranty? What should we do if the device breaks down?
All electronic components of the device are from reputable companies and are represented and supported in Iran. The device was easy to repair and in case of any problem, you do not need to pay a fee for the technician to travel. And you will be given the necessary instructions for adjustment and repair to increase the speed of your work and to avoid additional costs by you.
How much capital is needed for this work?
For setting up a silk screen printing workshop, depending on the amount of capital of the offered machines, it is different and the price of the machines is different according to their facilities.
The lowest mode of launching the purchase is only manual silk screen printing machine, the price of which is 2.5 million Tomans, and by purchasing 1 million Tomans, you can also set up printing equipment. Now, if you want to have a dryer next to it, you can get the A50 model dryer, which costs 8 million Tomans. Have a complete set
If you want an automatic silk screen printing machine to make your printing work easier, faster and with less fatigue, you can use the M400, T1400, W400, and T1800 conveyor models, which are priced from approximately 12 million, 14 million, 15 million and 18 million and set dryers for them can be from electric models 8 million Tomans, 10 million Tomans and low consumption gas dryers 17 million Tomans. | <urn:uuid:115b8ab4-82b8-4270-896e-aa98ae2b46dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://boxtm.ir/en/manual-silk-screen-printing-machine-faq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.947603 | 3,754 | 1.5 | 2 |
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel (pronounced [aʁk də tʁijɔ̃f dy kaʁusɛl]) is a triumphal arch in Paris, located in the Place du Carrousel. It is an example of Neoclassical architecture in the Corinthian order. It was built between 1806 and 1808 to commemorate Napoleon's military victories in the Wars of the Third and Fourth Coalitions. The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, at the far end of the Champs Élysées, was designed in the same year; it is about twice the size and was not completed until 1836.
|Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel|
|Design and construction|
|Architect||Charles Percier, Pierre François Léonard Fontaine|
The monument is 63 feet (19 m) high, 75 feet (23 m) wide, and 24 feet (7.3 m) deep. The 21 feet (6.4 m) high central arch is flanked by two smaller ones, 14 feet (4.3 m) high, and 9 feet (2.7 m) wide. Around its exterior are eight Corinthian columns of marble, topped by eight soldiers of the Empire. On the pediment, between the soldiers, bas-reliefs depict:
- the Arms of the Kingdom of Italy with figures representing History and the Arts
- the Arms of the French Empire with Victory, Fame, History, and Abundance
- Wisdom and Strength holding the arms of the Kingdom of Italy, accompanied by Prudence and Victory.
Napoleon's diplomatic and military victories are commemorated by bas-reliefs executed in rose marble. They depict:
- the Peace of Pressburg
- Napoleon entering Munich
- Napoleon entering Vienna, sculptor Louis-Pierre Deseine
- the Battle of Austerlitz, sculptor Jean-Joseph Espercieux
- the Tilsit Conference
- the surrender of Ulm, sculptor Pierre Cartellier
The arch is derivative of the triumphal arches of the Roman Empire, in particular that of Septimius Severus in Rome. The subjects of the bas-reliefs devoted to the battles were selected by the director of the Napoleon Museum (Paris) (located at the time in the Louvre), Vivant Denon, and designed by Charles Meynier.
The upper frieze on the on entablement has sculptures of soldiers: Auguste Marie Taunay's cuirassier (left), Charles-Louis Corbet's dragoon, Joseph Chinard's horse grenadier and Jacques-Edme Dumont's sapper.
The quadriga atop the entablement is a copy of the so-called Horses of Saint Mark that adorn the top of the main door of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice but during both French empires the originals were brought up for special occasions.
Designed by Charles Percier and Pierre François Léonard Fontaine, the arch was built between 1806 and 1808 by the Emperor Napoleon I, on the model of the Arch of Constantine (312 AD) in Rome, as a gateway of the Tuileries Palace, the Imperial residence. The destruction of the Tuileries Palace during the Paris Commune in 1871, allowed an unobstructed view west towards the Arc de Triomphe.
It was originally surmounted by the Horses of Saint Mark from Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, which had been captured in 1798 by Napoleon. In 1815, following the Battle of Waterloo and the Bourbon restoration, France ceded the quadriga to the Austrian Empire which had annexed Venice under the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Austrians immediately returned the statuary to Venice. The horses of Saint Mark were replaced in 1828 by a quadriga sculpted by Baron François Joseph Bosio, depicting Peace riding in a triumphal chariot led by gilded Victories on both sides. The composition commemorates the Restoration of the Bourbons following Napoleon's downfall.
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel is at the eastern end of Paris Axe historique ("historic axis"), a nine-kilometre-long linear route which dominates much of the northwestern quadrant of the city.
Looking west, the arch is aligned with the obelisk in the Place de la Concorde, the centerline of the grand boulevard Champs-Élysées, the Arc de Triomphe at the Place de l'Étoile, and, although it is not directly visible from the Place du Carrousel, the Grande Arche de la Défense. Thus, the axis begins and ends with an arch. When the Arc du Carrousel was built, however, an observer in the Place du Carrousel was impeded from any view westward. The central part of the Palais des Tuileries intervened to block the line of sight to the west. When the Tuileries was burned down during the Paris Commune in 1871, and its ruins were swept away, the great axis, as it presently exists, was opened all the way to the Place du Carrousel and the Louvre. | <urn:uuid:c88a3088-4fda-4008-a019-ede3c7e26193> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe_du_Carrousel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.914057 | 1,150 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Sometimes you just have to feel sorry for the Internal Revenue Service.
The federal tax agency finally brings its Get Transcript online service back fully online after more than a year and BAM! It gets smacked.
The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration today issued a report charging that that the IRS missed some taxpayers whose information fell into criminal hands in last year's Get Transcript hack.
What the crooks were after: The online Get Transcript tool, which now requires a tougher, two-step authentication process in order to use it, lets folks once again download their prior tax filing information.
Tax transcripts are full of filers' data and are used frequently by folks applying for loans, but who don't have copies of their actual IRS filings to verify their income. That's why the online download option was such an appealing target for identity thieves.
When the IRS disabled Get Transcript's online component on May 21, 2015, the agency also confirmed that the hackers had indeed obtained some data from the application. The IRS believes that some of this taxpayer info may have been gathered to file fraudulent tax returns.
Following the hack, the IRS offered taxpayers whose accounts were accessed free credit monitoring. It also flagged affected taxpayer accounts, which the hack investigation found ultimately reached 334,000, to protect them from tax identity theft attempts.
Hacked accounts overlooked: But, says TIGTA in its report, the IRS missed some taxpayers whose personal and tax data fell into identity thieves' hands.
So much for feeling good that you didn't get a letter from the IRS last year, right?
"Our analysis of system audit logs created between January 1, 2014, and May 21, 2015, identified 620,931 taxpayers whose tax account information involved a potentially unauthorized access not identified by the IRS," says TIGTA in long, but thoroughly titled report The Internal Revenue Service Did Not Identify and Assist All Individuals Potentially Affected by the Get Transcript Application Data Breach.
"Further analysis of these access attempts found that potentially unauthorized users were successful in obtaining access to 355,262 of the taxpayers' accounts," adds TIGTA.
OK, that's not too far off the 344,000 final number that the IRS reported.
Originally unidentified found: But, TIGTA says it also identified 2,470 additional taxpayers whose accounts were targeted through the Get Transcript application breach that the IRS did not identify.
These accounts fell through the cracks because, according to the report, the IRS erroneously excluded three system error codes when it identified accounts of potential victims.
"In addition, the IRS did not place identity theft incident markers on the tax accounts of 3,206 taxpayers who the IRS identified as affected by the Get Transcript application breach," says TIGTA.
So that's a potential 5,676 more taxpayer accounts that crooks could have to use in their identity theft and tax fraud efforts.
And, notes TIGTA, the IRS did not offer an Identity Protection Personal Identification Number (IP PIN) or free credit monitoring to 79,122 individuals whose tax accounts the IRS identified as being involved in the hack.
The exponential effect: Also note the use of the word "accounts" in describing what the hackers got their hands on. The distinction is important.
A taxpayer account could be for a jointly filing couple and/or couples and individuals claiming dependents, so hackers could have data on more than just one person filing a single tax return.
Yeah, even more folks are now feeling not so good even though they didn't get a letter from the IRS last year about the Get Transcript hack.
Finally following up: TIGTA questioned the IRS as to why it didn't place the potential ID theft marker on all tax accounts.
The agency's management agreed that all affected taxpayer accounts need the identifier so all returns can be inspected for possible fraud. The agency now is making sure that all affected taxpayer accounts receive the marker.
That was one of eight recommendations that TIGTA made to the IRS in the wake of the Get Transcript hack. They are:
- Implement additional evaluative methods to identify all individuals affected by the breach.
- Issue notification letters to 620,931 taxpayers whose accounts were potentially targeted and place identity theft incident markers on their accounts.
- Ensure that authentication system error codes are analyzed when responding to future data breaches.
- Notify the additional 2,470 taxpayers identified and place identity theft incident markers on their accounts.
- Place identity theft incident markers on the 3,206 taxpayer accounts, as required.
- Revise notification letters to enable taxpayers to more easily identify the individuals whose personal identification information was accessed in any future security breaches.
- Ensure that established procedures are followed to identify errors in letters and to verify the sequential order of letters against the letter production plan before the letters are mailed.
- Issue an IP PIN to all whose Social Security numbers were used by unauthorized individuals in failed attempts to access the Get Transcript application.
The IRS agreed to the first seven recommendations. But, says TIGTA, the agency disagreed with the final recommendation that it issue IP PINs to the 79,122 individuals whose tax information the hackers unsuccessfully tried to access.
IRS officials did acknowledge the potential inconsistency in its IP PIN issuance policy, according to TIGTA, which reported that agency officials did say they would consider the inconsistency in future IP PIN policy decisions.
Taxpayers be vigilant: Getting IRS to go along with seven of eight suggestions is good. But the tax oversight unit of the Treasury Department says it still is concerned that "the lack of prompt action on this issue leaves these taxpayers' accounts at an increased risk of fraud."
While the IRS follows up on most, but not all, of TIGTA's recommendations, it's a good idea for all of us, whether we were part of the Get Transcript hack or not (or unsure …) to always be vigilant when it comes to our tax and personal financial data.
Remember, while Get Transcript was hacked, the crooks were able to get into some taxpayer accounts by using personal data they obtained elsewhere. So keep an eye on everything!
You also might find these items of interest: | <urn:uuid:4c6b4961-b023-40d8-9081-6f6114021481> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dontmesswithtaxes.com/2016/06/tax-watchdog-says-irs-missed-some-hacked-get-transcript-accounts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952878 | 1,257 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Not enough jobs and too much heat; sagging payrolls and global warming. Why not address both problems with a major public program to directly put people to work saving energy? Plenty of green-job advocates have offered practical details, including my University of Massachusetts colleague, Robert Pollin. Yet no one in Congress or the White House seems willing to plant this garden… But green jobs are definitely on the rise in the United States, as they are elsewhere. A recent Pew Foundation report estimates that the number of them grew nearly two and a half times faster than overall jobs between 1998 and 2007.
To read more, please follow this link. | <urn:uuid:5943cbf0-24ca-430b-8829-b5d40d5d5a65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reactionsearch.com/grow-green-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957347 | 128 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Welcome to the next big thing in the world of berries. We've planted Scotland's first orchard of these naturally grown beauties, and with demand soaring for them in North America, these rare purple gems are set to be hot property over the coming years.
For those not yet aquainted, heres 5 reasons why everyone should have honeyberries in their lives:
1) They are uniquely delicious....
Some say a cross between a raspberry, blueberry and blackberry, perhaps with a touch of elderberry and added ‘zing’! Perhaps this is why the Japanese have treasured them for centuries, and their Japanese name “ハシカプ” (translates to something close to 'Haskap'!) mean's 'little present on the end of the branch' - lovely!
2) They're super healthy!
Jam packed full of anti-oxidants (up to 4 times that of a blueberry!), more vitamin C than and orange, and nearly as much potassium as a banana - these little guys earn the right to be called ‘superberries’. See nutrient comparison table to the left...
3) They are incredibly versatile...
Health fanatics are excited about the frozen berries and the deep purple super-smoothies they create...Jam artisans can’t wait to whip up a mouth watering spread...Gin distillers are exploring the endless possibilities with this unique gin botanical whilst vintners are in for a treat with this tannin-packed high-brix wine making powerhouse...and imaginations are running wild in the ice-cream industry for a rich coloured, naturally sweet, seedless berry which melts beautifully into a delicious natural ice cream sauce (just ask Hagen-Daaz for a taste of their honeyberry ice-cream!)
4) They thrive in a healthy natural soil
Honeyberry plants love nothing more a healthy, balanced, living soil, as nature intended. And we work hard to keep it that way. A healthy soil, means a healthy plant, healthy berries, healthy people, and ultimately a healthy planet. Supporting a berry which thrives on healthy, natural growing, means you’re doing yourself, and the planet, a favour. Pat on the back.
5) They're even better at Christmas...
The nutrients and taste are perfectly preserved in the frozen berries (some say the berries taste even better frozen), ready to add colour and festive flavour to your Christmas. Move over cranberry - it’s time for honeyberry sauce to bring the Christmas turkey to life! (along with a delicious honeyberry gin and tonic, of course).
Get In Touch
Star Inn Farm, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5EJ
Tel: 01382 214509 | <urn:uuid:337aba92-f1b1-4747-8f4f-7839bcb93884> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.arbuckles.co.uk/honeyberry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926301 | 582 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A stunning example of a grand canal home, Museum Van Loon is a step back in time to see how the very wealthy lived.
Head to the heart of Amsterdam on the Keizersgracht and enter another world. In 1602 Willem van Loon co-founded the VOC, also known as the Dutch East India Company. His great grandson became mayor of Amsterdam. The family still lives in the top floors of the building but have generously opened up the lower levels to visitors.
The home is the epitome of Golden Age Amsterdam with beautiful paintings, lovely furnishings and luxurious textiles throughout. Don’t miss De Schaapjeskamer, I want that bed covering for my own bed! Be sure to check out the kitchen downstairs too for a Downton Abbey feeling.
The house was originally built in 1672 by the architect Adriaen Dortsman and was the residence of painter Ferdinand Bol, a student of Rembrandt. (perhaps you have been to Ferdinand Bolstraat in de Pijp or have heard of FEBO, named after the same street?) The Van Loon family purchased the property in 1884.
Walk through the beautiful gardens on a spring or summer day. If you are lucky, you’ll arrive at a good time to smell the fragrant roses planted in the geometric formal garden. Take a look at the stone sundial from 1578 and see if you can determine how it works! You can visit the gardens during Open Tuinen Dagen too.
Canal house museums are some of our favorites in Amsterdam. If you like Museum Van Loon also check out Geelvinck Hinlopen Huis, Huis Marseille, Bijbels Museum and Cromhouthuis, Rembrandthuis and Ons Lieve Heer Op Solder.
Beyond the garden you will find the Koetshuis. This is where the family kept their carriages and horses, and a few carriages and livery items are on display. It offers a fascinating glimpse into the lifestyle of those days. And did you know that the Kerkstraat was constructed with the purpose of offering a back entrance to the coachhouses for the grand homes on the Keizersgracht and Prinsengracht? So interesting! Forty-five old coach houses can still be seen here. Take a walk around here and stop into some of my favorite spots for a bite or drink like Lavinia Good Food, Sweet Cup Coffee and Los Pilones.
This is definitely one of my favorite museums in Amsterdam, be sure to check it out!
TOP TIP: If you plan to visit more than three or four museums within the year, we recommend the Museumkaart for locals. The price of €59 is worth it as entrance to each museum is around €15-20 for adults. If you are visiting Amsterdam take a look at the iAmsterdam card which gives you free transport around the city as well as free entry to many museums and attractions in Amsterdam and beyond. Check here for more information and to purchase the iAmsterdam card online. Another option is the Holland Pass which grants free and discounted access to several museums and attractions. Check here for more information on the Holland Pass.
Museum Van Loon
Keizersgracht 672, Amsterdam
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- Best parks in Amsterdam | <urn:uuid:5215ae21-8223-45df-9e6f-5ca5f9ff233a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://awesomeamsterdam.com/museum-van-loon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.928115 | 791 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The late reggae music legend Robert Nesta Marley, fondly known as Bob Marley, sang in one of his inspired tracks: “One good thing about music: when it hits, you feel no pain.” His words ring true in the ears of many who appreciate the stupendous power of music.
Last week, nonetheless, I was left with a somewhat changed viewpoint after listening to some local music compilation on Zimbabwe’s economic struggles. The compilation, simply titled Economic struggles, brought me to a conclusion I would never have embraced before: perhaps the reggae music icon was wrong after all, because the melancholic songs on the compilation hit hard, one feels the pain in song. How could one not come to such a conclusion after listening to a discography of music that captures the struggles endured by Zimbabweans in the last two decades? A litany of sorrowful songs, from the late Edwin Hama’s all-time classic, Today’s Paper, Paul Mpofu’s Mapepa enyika,Thomas Mapfumo’s Corruption, Leonard Zhakata’s Mugove to Simon Chimbetu’s Ndaremerwa, among many others, mirror the sorry state of affairs of post-independence Zimbabwe. Edwin Hama’s Waiting for a new day and Asila Mali can easily move one to tears. The songs cannot be more relevant than they were when they were first composed over two decades ago.
In Today’s Paper, Hama bemoans the then new economic misfortunes and caustic government policies. The melancholic tune, Asila Mali, bewails the devaluation of the Zimbabwean dollar. Those were the beginning of pains in the early 1990s, but very few saw it coming with full wrath. Waiting for a new day is one song that Zimbabweans are still singing with gusto and enthusiasm to date. The “new day” certainly has not arrived and many have left the country while others, sad to say, have died before seeing the “new day”. If anything, the “new day” seems to be drifting away. What, with millions, being unable to feed themselves, with the sea of hungry faces in the streets hawking every day?
Zhakata’s Mugove, a song sung at the height of the devastating Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (Esap), is unmistakable with the hard-hitting message, which identifies with the suffering masses. Zhakata, personifying the weary Zimbabwean soul, cries out to the Lord to deliver him from the jaws of poverty. He personifies the impoverished masses that are almost getting past retirement years pleading with the Lord to release blessings that may be stored somewhere in the heavens. A number of Mapfumo’s tunes follow, all with tear-jerking messages of the depressed and oppressed Zimbabwean soul. One wonders whether Mukanya was some kind of prophet because when he began highlighting the ills so rampant in today’s Zimbabwe, very few people saw things his way. The song Corruption was a chart-topping number with a distinct reggae beat, where he highlighted the corruption scourge ravaging the country today. Even the song Hurukuro inhamo squarely fits in today’s set-up, where many are incessantly mournful of difficulties, while a few live in sickening opulence. The late Farai Pio Macheka also comes in with the song, Gadzirisai nyaya yedhora. Apparently, the dollar had started its free-fall in the late 1990s, prompting the song.
Realising the “new day” was increasingly becoming unrealisable, thousands began to seek refuge in foreign lands, where some faced clear rejection. Many will remember how locals were cruelly deported from London upon arrival at the turn of the century. Millions opted for South Africa, where the xenophobia and abuse never end. Superstar, Oliver Mtukudzi, then weighs in with the song Nhava, where he laments the long trips to London; have the trips yielded forth the results or the locals are dying from endless years of vain toil? The late Tongai Moyo’s song, Chingwa, then pays tribute to illegal gold panners (makorokoza) for trying to survive in a punishing environment capturing the story of the people’s economic struggle.
The weary Zimbabwean continues to fight in the face of mounting difficulties. After listening to the struggle music, one cannot help but realise that our definition of a hero certainly needs a second look. Zimbabweans have endured a lot, particularly in the last decade-and-a-half and their resilience ought to be applauded. Less than 700 000 people are formally employed yet in the bustling streets of Harare and nearby towns, you won’t find an idle person in sight. Hawkers offer vegetables, tomatoes, airtime, soft drinks, clothes or shoes. Shops and bars operate in shacks. Vendors won’t give up the fight, as they square up with police and council operatives.
Many still use their homes for various small business ventures like peanut butter making, barbershops and salons.
It would appear the whole country has become one huge marketplace.
All said and done, one can only look in wonderment at the resilient spirit of the Zimbabwean people. And, as scores of local musicians have captured in song, may be the Lord will bring the “new day” which Hama sang about.
Indeed, even the ordinary Zimbabweans are heroes too; heroes of the economic struggle.
Learnmore Zuze is a legal researcher, author, and media analyst. He writes here in his own capacity. | <urn:uuid:179076c6-a8fa-4a3d-9364-9a02077bf5ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsday.co.zw/2015/11/ordinary-zimbabweans-heroes-of-economic-struggles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95529 | 1,220 | 1.828125 | 2 |
David Young, who has been a Salvation Army officer for 36 years and spent three of them in Latvia, thinks Latvians in general don't think of other people who might be in greater need.
"They don't have a sense of awareness of other's needs and people here are just not used to giving. Most of the donations we get come from our own members in our four churches," he said.
Young also thinks that Latvians may be very little informed about how nongovernmental organizations work and how they spend their money.
"It's a question of making yourself known. Funding and everything must be very clear," he added.
Young also said it's the poor who usually donate money and not the rich.
The Salvation Army in Latvia works mainly with street children in various projects throughout the country. They also organize church centers with soup kitchens during winter in several of the larger cities. On an average, they served 10,000 meals per month last winter. They also give out equipment like wheelchairs and even clothing if necessary.
Of course, it costs a lot of money to keep all the activities running. Most of the Salvation Army's budget is paid by their Swedish counterpart.
"It has become tax deductible for companies to donate money in Latvia. I think its up to 80 percent of your donation the government will pay back. But I wouldn't want to ask for that kind of money. It would be bad for the government and there are so many other things they could be doing with that money," Young said.
It's not cheap to ask for charity in Latvia. Most of the things one wants to organize cost money because one will need a permit. For instance, if one wants to go and knock door to door, one will need permission, and organizing a choir to sing in the street to collect money will also require a permit. But there are other ways to ask for donations.
Vilhelmina Savicka is the head of fundraising for the Red Cross in Latvia. The organization thought of trying Lattelekom's 900 charity number but backed out because of the price.
"First we would have paid 60 lats to get the number and then 25 lats in a monthly fee for keeping the number plus four to six lats for the subscription. That was the first contract. The second would stipulate the percentage Lattelekom would charge for each call made to the number," she said.
Last year, during the international song festival in Latvia, members of the Red Cross walked around with donation boxes. A total of 16 lats were donated during the entire week.
The Red Cross also has boxes set up at the Riga airport hoping that foreigners leaving the country will have a heart and donate whatever change they might have in their pockets.
"Private persons donate more than companies, and most of the time they donate more than one lat at the time. Last year a private person donated more than 28,000 lats," said Savicka. | <urn:uuid:9f45f9f4-f4d1-4090-be5b-a40932eda1b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/1377/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.983278 | 611 | 1.640625 | 2 |
|February 28, 2012|
|3:00 pm||to||4:30 pm|
This lecture is cosponsored by Center for the Study of Women in Society and the Center for Latino/a and Latin American Studies.
Dr. Cynthia Bejarano is the Stan Fulton Endowed Chair in Arts and Sciences and an associate professor of Criminal Justice at New Mexico State University. In 2010, she was named Outstanding New Mexico Woman of the Year by the New Mexico Commission on the Status of Women for her activism in bringing attention to feminicide in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands and for her advocacy for farmworkers and their families.
Her publications and research interests focus on border violence, immigration issues, and gender violence at the U.S.-Mexico border. She co-founded Amigos de las Mujeres de Juarez, which works for justice for missing and murdered women on both sides of the border, and is the co-editor of an interdisciplinary anthology with Rosa-Linda Fregoso entitled Terrorizing Women: A Cartography of Feminicide in the Américas (Duke University Press, June 2010). She is also the author of the book “Qué Onda?” Urban Youth Cultures and Border Identity, published by the University of Arizona Press in 2005. She is the principal investigator for the College Assistance Migrant Program (CAMP), a federally- and state-funded university program, which assists farmworkers and the children of farmworkers to attend New Mexico State University. Dr. Cynthia Bejarano was the recipient of the Donald C. Roush Excellence in Teaching Award in 2008. She grew up in southern New Mexico in the El Paso-Juarez borderlands and received her Ph.D. from Arizona State University. | <urn:uuid:6a0d0194-64b8-431b-b3cb-46663fe6a970> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://csws-archive.uoregon.edu/terrorizing-women-feminicide-and-gender-violence-at-the-u-s-mexico-borderlands-cynthia-bejarano/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947066 | 365 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Mental Health Awareness Week 2021
Residents encouraged to #ConnectWithNature from 10-16 May
Mental Health Awareness Week, the UK's national week to raise awareness of mental health, takes place from 10-16 May.
Hosted by the Mental Health Foundation, the week is now in its 21st year. In 2021 the theme is Nature.
There are proven benefits of being around nature on your mental health. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many of us have turned to nature to help us get through lockdowns. Research by the Mental Health Foundation has shown that good mental health depends on us being able to connect with nature in some way and its power in both prevention of and recovery from poor mental health.
The HSCP recently resumed its Health Walks which were on hold during the pandemic. These weekly walks help locals not only get gentle exercise, but meet other locals and get outside for fresh air.
East Renfrewshire has a number of beautiful green spaces worth exploring. From Rouken Glen Park to Greenbank Gardens and Dams to Darnley Country Park to Neilston Pad - there's lots of places you can visit to connect with nature and take time for yourself.
Some of the ways people can participate in Mental Health Awareness Week:
- Try to make a habit each day of connecting to the nature in your local area. Stop to listen to the birdsong, smell the freshly cut grass, take care of a house plant, notice any trees, flowers or animals nearby. Take a moment to appreciate these connections.
- Share images/videos/or just sound recordings of the nature on your doorstep (and how this made you feel) on social media using #ConnectWithNature and #MentalHealthAwarenessWeek
- Use Mental Health Foundation resources in your family, school, workplace and community to join with thousands of people who will be finding new ways to connect with nature in their local environment.
For more information about this year's Mental Health Awareness Week visit mentalhealth.org.uk/mhaw or join the conversation on social media using #ConnectWithNature and #MentalHealthAwarenessWeek
Residents struggling with the mental health are encouraged to speak to their GP or a organisation like Samaritans | <urn:uuid:c3408548-92c7-4897-af1c-80bdc29c89b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eastrenfrewshire.gov.uk/article/3675/Mental-Health-Awareness-Week-2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944605 | 458 | 2.625 | 3 |
By official count, 102,000 residents animate the streets of Rocinha, Brazil’s most populous single favela community. 10,000 mototaxis buzz up and down the uneven landscape. But what called my attention this past Friday was the litter, which had been rendered chaotic by the force of the evening’s downpour. Bottles and cans floated at the edges of a large open sewer – just a few minutes’ walk from the R$15 million Niemeyer passarela (footbridge) and the 2010 sports complex attached to it.
In Rocinha, as in many favelas, we find government investment rooted not in public need but in political imagery. “Rocinha is Ours,” O Globo (the city’s main newspaper, known for representing elite interests) announced the morning after the community’s November 2011 police occupation. Without intending to, this headline captured some basic impulses that continue to drive government-sanctioned attempts at “integrating” the favelas: power, control, ownership by governing forces and the interests they represent.
In the persisting absence of sanitation services, citizens do what they can to pull wonder out of waste. Guiding our educational community visit that morning was Carlos Augusto of Associação Sorrir e Viver Pragradar, a community organization that coordinates a project teaching more than 200 children to drum with materials found in the trash. That afternoon, he introduced us to three of his students, who led us up stairs, through alleyways, and on rooftops that function as critical and beloved leisure space in so many favelas. “It’s even bigger up here,” one of the visitors exclaimed. From those heights, the immense scale of Rocinha became all the clearer.
At our descent, we were treated to a demonstration of the fruit of the Associação’s work. Each with a discarded bucket or paint can in hand, the trio burst into a composition that pulsed with so much vivid rhythm from such a modest range of instrumentation. Two younger children had entered our circle mostly unnoticed until the music started, at which point they exploded into accompanying dance, their feet beating against the ground a percussion track on their own. The music gave way to applause at its close, and the boys did their best to remain modest. “They’re easier than regular drums,” said one, “but regular drums are louder.”
Such creativity is not rare in communities like Rocinha. Carlos later introduced us to another youth who made small decorations out of wood, wire, bubble gum boxes, and a colorful smattering of paint. But these projects can only do so much to stem the tide of waste that accumulates where government falls short.
Standing on that rooftop, just before their performance, one of the Associação students hesitated before answering the question: “What do you think would be best for Rocinha?” “For the drug traffickers to come back,” he replied. It felt safer, he told us, than living under a police force that disrespected the community and treated most like they were marginal. They told stories of police assault, of a grenade being thrown in the street. Keeping in mind the long history of police brutality in Rio and the strength of stigmas attached to favela residents by many Cariocas from the asphalt, such police behavior is maddening but far from surprising.
Beyond the more overt displays of force, however, we also witnessed the prioritization and implementation of otherwise constructive interventions. On our way down the hill, we were invited inside by Pacifycing Police Unit (UPP) officers who were fashioning a drug dealer’s former house into a mini cultural center with a library and a space for martial arts lessons. “We’re opening this up tomorrow for 50 children to get their kimonos,” said one officer.
Though this project will undoubtedly do some good – in the words of a library worker, there are few positive spaces for children in the community – a visitor in our group posed some questions worth asking: how much of a voice were the residents afforded in deciding this project? Why was nobody from Rocinha hired to construct the center? And was the particular context of the construction – from drug den to cultural center – chosen more to communicate that message of a new ownership rather than to provide the best possible service to the community?
On a hopeful note, a sense of responsibility does seem to be rising on the side of the government. A brand new public library and the public housing units established in Rocinha serve as good examples of the federal government stepping in to serve the needs of the population, though with the unintended side-effects of gentrification. The UPP officer quoted above also announced that 100-200 out of 700 UPP officers arriving in August will be female – encouraging in light of a state study that showed male officers were more likely to dismiss pacification work as unimportant.
Steps are being taken in the right direction, but the stubborn focus on political imagery comes with a disregard for the community’s priorities: more foundational fixes that attract less media flash than a new sports center. While money and attention are spent on high-publicity makeovers, the lack of sanitation creates very real health risks that continue to endanger the lives of those who live among Rocinha’s stagnant water and littered ground. And the refusal to take the interests of the community into discussion is animated by the same belief that inspires police brutality: “We have power. We know what’s best.”
The residents of Rocinha have accomplished much for themselves under their various occupiers, achieving some very real middle-class conditions in the absence of public services. But the conditions best coordinated top-down and community-wide are the same conditions that are ignored by authorities in the best position to provide them. It’s not a question of whether these interventions will do any good; it’s a question of priorities, of better and best. Until Rocinha’s interventions become informed more by the priorities of its population than by displays of power and ownership, this new partnership between governance and favela will fall short of its potential.
A last look at Rocinha revealed the construction of a new gondola system similar to that erected in Alemão last year. This project embodies both the promises and uncertainties that define the federal government’s Growth Acceleration Program (PAC): a great service to a marginalized population if planned according to the needs and activities of the community, and more symbol than substance otherwise.
Check out photos of the visit that produced this piece: | <urn:uuid:46657d39-6154-40a8-8aef-c8cbbdc2a8d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rioonwatch.org/?p=4112 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964896 | 1,405 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Development initiatives begin in Maoist-affected Bihar’s villageBy ANI
Saturday, January 22, 2011
JEHANABAD - In an initiative to integrate the village into the mainstream and stave off insurgency, several development projects are underway in the Maoist-affected Sikaria village in Bihar’s Jehanabad district.
Hospitals and schools have also been developed and new roads constructed in the region.
State Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, who visited the village on Friday to inaugurate a hospital, assured further developments in the region.
“Five years back, nothing was there in Sikaria village. Today, lots of developments have taken place here. Likewise, it is essential for rapid development in the villages that new road be made, more schools built, hospitals run properly, and good education is given to the students,” said Kumar.
He further said proper employment would see the Maoism decrease in the state.
“If these kinds of developmental works will take place as per the instructions of your government then it would be quite fruitful, as people will be satisfied. If the people will be satisfied then no one will be rebellious and nobody will think about taking weapons in hand,” said Kumar.
Meanwhile, the villagers expressed their appreciation for the recent developments.
“Earlier the situation in this village was really bad. People were scared of Maoists attack. No one used to talk about the trouble created by Maoists and they used to kill people frequently. Even the authorities were silent,” said Manoj Kumar, a villager.
“Bt now, everything is available here, good schools and colleges are made for proper education and markets are built. Every essential development has been taken place here,” he added. (ANI) | <urn:uuid:4aaa7315-a03c-42c6-a194-cd2301bb4e98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://breakingnews.gaeatimes.com/2011/01/22/development-initiatives-begin-in-maoist-affected-bihars-village-68774/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.97844 | 368 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The Met Office has issued its first amber “extreme heat” warning for parts of the UK amid sweltering temperatures over the coming days.
The warning – which is similar to those issued when heavy rain or snow is forecast – covers a large part of Wales, all of south-west England and parts of southern and central England, and will remain in force until the end of Thursday.
It is the first time the warning has been issued since the Met Office said last month that it would launch weather warnings for extreme heat after a record-breaking number of heatwave deaths were recorded in England last summer.
Temperatures are expected to reach 33C in some western areas later this week, with high 20s and low 30s expected elsewhere.
Chief operational meteorologist at the Met Office, Steven Ramsdale, said: “The high temperatures are going to continue through a large part of this week. Many areas will continue to reach heatwave thresholds but the amber extreme heat warning focuses on western areas where the most unusually high temperatures are likely to persist.
“There’s a continuing risk of isolated thundery downpours late in the afternoons but most areas will stay dry until later in the week. Temperatures should begin to fall for most areas heading into the weekend, with some more unsettled conditions looking to develop.” | <urn:uuid:ba2750be-2f12-426b-b71a-804dfa063734> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/met-office-issues-first-amber-21092045 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966335 | 277 | 2.296875 | 2 |
At New Leaf Tree Service, our tree climbers are highly trained, skilled, and experienced with tree pruning. They are trained by the International Society of Arboriculture’s strict pruning standards (ANSI A300), which yields trees that are beautiful, healthy, and structurally sound.
Please call (843) 603-8696 for a free estimate on safe, efficient tree pruning.
Tree pruning may be needed for young or mature trees for a number of reasons. Tree pruning techniques can help improve the structural integrity, beauty, and health of your trees. Whether you have trees that are growing out of control or a specific safety concern, an experienced tree service company can help you enjoy the many advantages of tree pruning.
Proper tree pruning offers benefits for:
- Improving health by preventing disease and fungus from infecting other areas of the tree
- Enhancing the natural beauty and appearance of your trees
- Proper growth for younger trees to improve structural integrity
- Reducing the risk of property damage or injury from fallen branches
The specific methods and tree pruning techniques that are needed depends on your area of concern. Whether you want to encourage healthy growth, prevent damage to a structure, or open up the view, there are specific pruning techniques that can be used to achieve that goal.
Effective tree pruning methods include:
- Crown reduction: Reduces the overall size of the tree’s canopy
- Crown raising: Removes the lowest branches to open views and enhance curb appeal
- Crown thinning: Removes up to 20% of the canopy to allow wind to move freely, which can help protect against storm and wind damage
- Crown cleaning: Takes out dead, damaged, diseased, or weak branches to strengthen the tree and prevent disease and decay
- Directional pruning: Encourages branches to grow in a specific direction, such as away from a building or another tree
- Dead wood removal: Removes dead wood that will eventually fall and cause damage or provide an entry point for disease and decay to enter the tree
Safe and effective tree pruning requires selecting the right method and knowing where and how much to cut. Removing too much of the tree’s canopy can cause irreparable harm or kill the tree. There is a specific place on each branch where it is safe to cut and even small deviations can cause problems with growth or decay. For these reasons, don’t let anyone without sufficient training prune your trees.
Our tree climbers have many years of experience with tree pruning in Mount Pleasant, SC. They receive ongoing training in the best methods and techniques and never use harmful procedures, such as “lion tailing” or “crape murder,” to prevent harm to your trees.
Please contact New Leaf Tree Service at (843) 603-8696 to request a free estimate on tree pruning.
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- • Daniel Island | <urn:uuid:4b694262-8047-48e3-9672-5c53845b89ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newleaftreeservice.com/tree-services/tree-pruning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.892742 | 730 | 2.265625 | 2 |
In addition to industry © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. travelers seek advice on the choice of airline, hotel and car rental. Eventually they may become agency directors. In 1872, he escorted a group of travelers around the world. booking agents. represented by the appropriate domestic or international travel conference. pleasure/personal has increased by three percentage points over the past two years. Approval is given to agents who are well established in the travel business. were started after 1980. travel agents founded the first agent-only trade association, ARTA Running a travel agency. ARTA has grown in stature from a fledgling organization to a Seven per cent of agency locations fell into this category. The main role of a retail travel agent is to supply their customers with travel products and services. (The five major conferences are the Pacific Cruise Conference, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, the International Air Transport Association, the International Passenger Ship Association, and the Air Traffic Conference of America.) Homeworkers . National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), for selling domestic rail tickets. currency at prevailing exchange rates in any hotels that were part of the Cook system. 6. They furnish travelers with timetables and travel literature, compute fare costs and make reservations, and sell tours developed by the wholesale travel organizations. responsible, respected, and influential advocate for the retail travel Why would a consumer utilize a travel intermediary? They also act as To become a member, an individual must have three years of experience as a travel agent and must be approved for making sales by at least two carrier conferences. International Airlines Travel Agent Network, for the selling of international air tickets. You must reload the page to continue. Business-related travel and personal and pleasure travel each account for 50 per cent of the industry's volume. to booking points in every main town and city. States. Agents are responsible for 25 per cent of domestic and 85 per cent of international sales to hotels. deal with. two trends that occurred after World War II. They sold packages from brochures. In 1841, Thomas Cook chartered a train to take people about 37 kilometers from The average revenue per air ticket the agency must have a minimum bond of USD 10,000 and a cash reserve of at least USD 25,000. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Agencies are not allowed to change ownership without meeting conference Through such industry groups as the Institute of Certified Travel Agents (ICTA), What are the functions of a tourism distribution system? Up until 1959, a travel agency could be opened only if it was sponsored by an airline and its opening approved by two-thirds of the carriers Certification. Joining the mystery and status of the Central Intelligence Agency is a goal for many individuals. ASTA also offers a correspondence course for anyone interested in becoming a travel agent. In addition to booking reservations, they assist customers in choosing their destination, transportation, and lodging and inform travelers of passport and visa requirements, rates of currency exchange, and import duties. Some travel positions are available on the staffs of federal, state, and city governments seeking to encourage and expand tourism. Access our travel platform without maintaining multiple APIs. Career Information Center, 9th ed.. . Agents pride themselves as being travel counselors rather than What is involved in the preparation, marketing and operation of a group tour? 3. for making complaints and being available if things go wrong. Stores combine direct marketing by use of advertisements, catalogues telephone sales or electronic media with their retail outlets. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Often these overrides are retroactive, the higher percentage commission applies to earlier bookings within a given time 200Alexandria, VA 22314(703) 739-2782http://www.astanet.com/, The Travel Institute148 Linden St., Ste. Situations have arisen where a customer buys a tour package through a travel agent and prior to the vacation the tour wholesaler goes bankrupt. increase beyond certain points, the commission percentage increases. Ticket stock is like a blank check and requires stiff security. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration is tasked with keeping the war on drugs under control around the nation. In this case an agency would split the commission received with the customer, which is usually a company What led to the increase in package tours? Many of the apps are free-of-charge and will broaden your service offering in the form of additional content and services to maximize your revenues. Both ASTA and ICTA offer home study A wide network of travel agencies works across the country to promote tourism products. In this novel, a young Victorian invented a device that allowed him to travel into…, CIA Agent Career Path Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. A commission is a percentage of the total sale. they can have on hand and the procedures for handling it. The main role of a retail travel agent is to supply their customers with travel products and services. Business administration, accounting, and marketing courses are also helpful, as is travel experience. Earnings vary depending on geographic location, experience, and specific duties. Users of tourism products are largely not well informed on tourism related issues. "Travel Agent, Retail and Wholesale Only a major c… Soon came trips to Europe and, in 1866, Cook organized and led a tour of the US Civil Convenience: 1. for obtaining information and advice 2. for making the purchase and payment for the holiday plans. Benefits generally include health insurance, paid holidays and vacations, retirement plans, and discounts on travel and lodging. American agencies are responsible for selling 70 per cent of domestic and 80 per Entry-level travel agents generally train on the job in clerical positions. courses. 1. more. Travel agents help their clients make travel plans. Wholesale travel agents must have good marketing skills to interest retail travel agents in the tours they have developed. New page type Book TopicInteractive Learning Content, (Courtesy New Zealand Tourist & Publicity Office. A travel agency’s office environment offers the perfect setting for personal selling methods which are a powerful means to generate booking. Image: Structure of distribution channels in tourism industry. Income from the cruise lines comprises, on average, 16 per cent of travel agency income, and travel agents book 95 per cent of all cruises sold in the United States. ." Apollo and Sabre are the most popular systems. making trip cancellations. Around the World in 80 Days. The average commission received is 10 per cent, slightly less than this for domestic air, slightly more for international. Travel agents offer opportunities for one-stop shopping. What are the economic characteristics of tour wholesaling? Retail travel agents working in large agencies can advance by specializing in a particular service. the hotel porters and offered them a 5 per cent commission for making the sale. They must take the age and health of the client and the situation at the destination into account in S…, agent •abeyant, mayn't •ambient, circumambient •gradient, irradiant, radiant •expedient, ingredient, mediant, obedient •valiant • salient • resilient…, FBI Agent Jobs Managing your private fares for productivity and profit, Travel technology solutions that increase revenue per booking, Browse our products for Retail Travel Agencies, How to increase revenue by unlocking the potential of your GDS, Stay up to date with the latest NDC developments, Paid media strategy guide for travel agencies, Get in touch today for a free consultation with one of our experts, to drive your business forward, Travelport’s Managing Director in South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, Discover how we are transforming the world of travel for everyone, FDM Travel (Travelport Branded Fares & Ancillaries), New technologies are transforming travel – here are the trends shaping the industry, Travelport Branded Fares and Ancillary Services. | <urn:uuid:2cc2cf7a-db7c-4d28-a7ad-747ad9ad0b43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ftp.parlamentworld.org/journal/retail-travel-agent-c220e2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.930772 | 1,676 | 1.9375 | 2 |
- Approximately EUR 65 million in investments
- Innovative PolyFuel® technology used to convert LPG and low-grade light gasoline into gasoline and diesel
OMV Petrom has commissioned the new Polyfuel unit within Petrobrazi refinery, using an innovative technology to convert LPG and low-grade light gasoline into high-value petroleum products – gasoline and diesel. This unit is the third of its kind worldwide and the first to convert low-grade light gasoline, as well, not just LPG.
”The new Polyfuel unit brings the state-of-the-art technologies used in the petrochemical and refining industry to the Petrobrazi refinery. Due to sustained investments, Petrobrazi continues to rank among the most important refineries in Romania, operating at the highest standards –energy efficiency and environmental standards included – and contributing to the economic development of the area", said Radu Căprău, member of OMV Petrom Executive Board, responsible for Downstream Oil.
Based on the PolyFuel® innovative technology developed by the French company Axens, the new unit at Petrobrazi increases the value of the production mix due to a higher share of gasoline and diesel in total refinery output. LPG and low-grade light gasoline conversion results in approximately 50,000 tons of gasoline and diesel every year, the equivalent of 1 million vehicle refuels.
The total capacity of the Petrobrazi refinery of 4.5 million tons per year will remain unchanged.
Works at the Polyfuel unit started in 2017 and required an approximately EUR 65 million investment. The project involved building a new unit the size bigger than a football field. The works at the Polyfuel unit involved over 850,000 man-hours free of incidents, with more than 550 OMV Petrom specialists as well as specialized sub-contractors.
The new unit has started production in March 2019, as planned.
About Petrobrazi Refinery
With a refining capacity of 4.5 million tons per year, Petrobrazi ranks among the most important units of its kind in the country.
Between 2005 and 2018, approximately EUR 1.6 billion were put into in modernization projects, new facilities construction and environmental projects at the Petrobrazi refinery. The Petrobrazi refinery currently operates at the highest performance and environmental standards. | <urn:uuid:c6a1a2ea-e0f6-44ec-a626-8cc94138f548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.omvpetrom.com/en/news/the-new-polyfuel-unit-in-petrobrazi-refinery-has-started-production | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934694 | 482 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Dirty Truth about Water Quality
(Beijing) – China plans to adopt stricter quality standards for drinking water in July, but treatment facilities nationwide are hard-pressed to meet existing criteria. Experts say half of the country's water supply plants cannot meet current standards.
A 2009 government survey of more than 4,000 urban water supply plants found more than one-quarter failed to meet national standards, said Song Lanhe, chief scientist of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development's water quality monitor center. The results of the survey have not been released to the public.
Sources close to the ministry said the actual number of problematic treatment plants exposed by the survey could be as high as 50 percent. Song did not rule out, or confirm, the estimate.
But Song did say "the situation has yet to improve" since 2009.
New regulations to be implemented on July 1 are modeled after drinking standards in the European Union. They are the result of six years of deliberation and the joint efforts of five governmental agencies led by the Ministry of Health. But the absence of punitive measures makes it a law without teeth.
The new regulations will mostly serve as guidance and are hard to mandatorily implement, Song said. Local governments will continue to claim that water quality met standards when it did not, Song said.
- MOST POPULAR | <urn:uuid:9f0c0b5a-e4e5-44c7-bcab-c4bb3d0eafcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.caixinglobal.com/2012-05-07/the-dirty-truth-about-water-quality-101015690.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954127 | 279 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Cisco HyperFlex is a modern, scalable, and highly flexible hyper-convergence solution that completely transforms the way you run your business.
Previous generations of hyper-convergence solutions were quite inflexible and difficult to deploy, thereby delivering inefficient performance in managing your data center. But recently, Cisco launched HyperFlex- a next-Gen hyper-convergence system to help you build an efficient, agile, and scalable IT infrastructure.
But first, what is hyper-convergence, you may ask?
Hyperconvergence is a software-driven architecture that combines virtualization, computing, and storage resources together under a single flexible hardware umbrella. It is single-handedly maintained by the vendor, thereby aiding your business IT managers in maintenance.
In this post, we are going to elucidate what Cisco HyperFlex is and the top reasons to use Cisco HyperFlex Systems:
What is Cisco HyperFlex Systems?
Based upon Cisco’s UCS (Unified Computing Systems) technology, the Cisco HyperFlex systems further features blade and rack servers, well-integrated management, inbuilt networking, inbuilt Intel Xeon processors, and hi-tech, highly available data platform that has ready-to-use software.
- Cisco’s integrated networking will eliminate the need to self-build projects, as it will interconnect your entire system via a single point.
- The Cisco HyperFlex HX Data Platform makes your data high-performing and highly available since the deduplication and compression functions are always-on, thereby reducing your storage needs.
- Well-integrated management of HyperFlex systems is able to detect upgrades made to the hardware automatically and can also self-integrate new components automatically.
Apart from this, HyperFlex comes with pre-installed VMware ESXi hypervisor that speeds up the process of scaling and provisioning on the go.
Cisco HyperFlex Systems make it easier to deploy and maintain your network, computing, and storage resources altogether. It literally adopts the “pay-as-you-grow” notion of the cloud and applies it to your data center to fulfill your application needs and boost business KPIs. It intelligently leverages quick provisioning and snapshots of applications, allowing you to scale as per your data center needs for caching, computing and storage.
In just one click, HyperFlex integrates with VMware vSphere, which again helps your IT leaders to get in-depth visibility into the network, computing, and storage resources through a single-pane-of-glass for better management and control. This, in turn, enhances your operational efficiency as well as team productivity.
Top 5 Reasons to Use Cisco HyperFlex Systems
1. Pre-integrated Cluster
Cisco HyperFlex Systems is designed and developed with a highly flexible software-centric infrastructure in mind. It combines computing (Cisco UCS servers), storage, and networking resources with highly available HyperFlex HC Data Platform Software and Cisco unified fabric that again integrates seamlessly with Cisco ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure). Overall, it leverages a very well-integrated, ready-to-use cluster that will be up and running in no time.
HyperFlex is able to boost the efficiency, agility, and speed of your data environment while continuously optimizing the data throughout the lifecycle.
2. Smart End-to-end Automation
Unlike in previous hyper-convergence solutions, here networking is considered as a core part of the HyperFlex. It intelligently uses end-to-end automation across your networking, computing, and storage resources to simplify the deployment.
With its minimalistic and intuitive wizard, deployment takes only about a few minutes. This rapid deployment uses Cisco UCS Manager Service profile templates that are deliberately optimized for hyper-convergence. These service profiles are all preconfigured to automate workflows and build the ideal devices that will support your cluster to take the guesswork out. Besides, the programmable I/O infrastructure further accelerates operations and improves employee efficiency.
The network fabric interconnects the system via a single connectivity and management point for all your Cisco UCS rack and blade servers and HyperFlex Systems. All traffic arrives at any node within a cluster through single network hop. This results in faster application response due to low-latency and high-bandwidth networking. Not to mention, the network will scale as your cluster scales to intelligently handle the capacity and production IP networking traffic.
3. Unified Management of Workloads
HyperFlex Systems uses VMware vCenter to skillfully manage your physical and virtual IT infrastructure via a central, intuitive interface, without the need to use other separate management silos. You can view, automate and manage your vSphere environments- such as storage devices, virtual servers, physical servers, etc. all from a single, intuitive vCenter interface.
The HyperFlex System’s XML API allows integration with vCenter to simplify configuration, provisioning, and orchestration processes, speeding up the response to DevOps requests. Such an approach considerably simplifies daily workflows, eliminating the need to use other management tools.
Moreover, you can use workflow-based Cisco UCS Director to automate and manage your entire hyper-converged environment. This single tool will manage your entire application lifecycle, no matter whether applications are deployed in hyper-converged data center, rack or blade servers, storage, networking, or third-party systems. The management will automate workflows to reduce probability of errors that lead to downtime. For this, it uses intelligent automation to boost self-awareness of your environments and systematically organize them into a unified view for easy control.
4. Independent Resource Scaling
Cisco HyperFlex Systems comes with an inbuilt, high-performing distributed file system that completely transforms how you handle hyper-converged environments.
Unlike other hyper-convergence solutions, Cisco allows you to independently scale your environment by simply adding the nodes to the configuration. The predefined networking resources will quickly adapt these newly added nodes without requiring you to change the software configuration, hindering the cluster workflows or causing downtime.
5. Lowers latency and increases virtual machine density
HyperFlex HX Data Platform is deliberately designed and built for hyper-converged systems. It leverages dynamic data distribution, which strips the data and efficiently distributes it across the cluster with the help of all available resources for efficient I/O performance. Such an approach allows you to run more virtual machines per cluster, thereby reducing TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) and making your data center highly flexible.
Besides, Cisco HyperFlex is able to deliver lower and consistent latency, even if the virtual machines run under a heavy load. This is a significant benefit, especially for the enterprise applications that are expected to meet certain SLAs.
Cisco HyperFlex systems can genuinely create a streamlined hyper-converged infrastructure for your business in less time. It offers exceptional agility, easier management, and rapid deployment capabilities for your data environment.
With its pre-configured systems, smart end-to-end automation, and comprehensive support features, you will be able to achieve true business standards when it comes to handling your hyper-converged environments.
Talk to our experts!
If you want to learn more about the power of Cisco HyperFlex Systems, or how digital transformation can help you accelerate your outcomes, click on the button below: | <urn:uuid:156e9516-d24f-4f17-a059-b857eb42f04f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.bay-infotech.com/what-is-cisco-hyperflex/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.898065 | 1,542 | 1.539063 | 2 |
By Nicole Williams
Trail running is quickly gaining traction in the province as runners look to move off the road and into the great outdoors.
This sport involves running on any off-road surface, such as coulees, fields, forests, hills or dirt paths. The benefits include less strain and stress on your body, particularly your lower back and glutes, as you’re running on softer, more forgiving terrain than asphalt and cement. The changing landscape also increases the development of lesser-used stabilizing muscles, resulting in less repetitive movements and less risk of developing injuries that are common in road running.
Other added benefits include running in fresh air, which is better for overall lung health, and stress reduction from being away from the city, focusing less on home and work, and more on exploring the natural world around you.
Little equipment is required to get started. Road running shoes can be used; however, if you plan on spending any amount of time on the trails, you may want to buy a pair of trail running shoes. These shoes are designed to grip the softer terrain found on trails, are lower to the ground for better stability, and contain an extra layer that protects your feet from rock and other puncture wounds.
Trail runners will need to carry extra supplies with them to deal with the new challenges that comes with running off-road. You will want to invest in a comfortable, lightweight backpack to carry essential supplies such as a water bottle, bug repellent, food, sunscreen, GPS or compass with a map, a headlamp (if running at dusk or night) and basic first aid supplies like band aids.
Developing a safety strategy is a must. Before heading out on the trails, let someone know your route and when you expect to return. You should also carry a cell phone in case of an emergency, and try to run with at least one other person. You may want to join a running group, such as the Regina Road Runners Club or the Saskatoon Road Runners, for the benefit of group trail runs and events in your area.
The following are just a few of the running trails you’ll want to check out this year.
Beaver Flat 50 Course, Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park, is one of the most grueling running trails in the province. Its 50 km course features more than 2,300 metres of vertical climbs, narrow paths, cacti, sand and wet conditions, and it boasts the appropriate hashtag: #anythingbutflat. According to the group’s website, “You’re going to love it, hate it, and love it some more. Guaranteed.”
Deadfall 50 Course, Echo Valley Provincial Park, winds through the Qu’Appelle Valley along narrow trails and expansive pastures, providing breath-taking views and challenges for runners of every level: https://deadfall50.ca
The Wascana Valley Nature Recreation Site, aka Wascana Trails, offers 15 kms of exceptional Qu’Appelle Valley trails and scenery. Trail markers lead runners through pathways that boast winding, sharp descents, steep inclines, gradual hills and other obstacles and challenges that will leave you wanting to return again and again: https://www.tourismsaskatchewan.com/search-results/105290/regina—wascana-valley-trails.
Buffalo Pound Provincial Park hosts the annual Prairie Summit Run-It Trail Race course, which features challenging hills, woodlands, and open grassland pathways, providing exceptional vistas for all trail users to enjoy: https://www.tourismsaskatchewan.com/provincialpark/303/buffalo-pound-provincial-park#sort=relevancy.
Remember, trail running is quite different from road running. You will not be able to run at the same pace on a trail as you do on a paved surface, so don’t focus on how many kilometers you’ve covered, but rather on your total time on the trails. Don’t be afraid to walk; steep inclines, rocky paths and hills are more challenging, and it’s okay to slow down and hike these areas. Falling is part of the experience, but as you get used to the off-road conditions, you will fall less. And, always be considerate to others on the trail: take out what you bring in, share the path, think of others, and don’t forget to stop and enjoy the view along the way.
Get off the beaten path; explore Saskatchewan’s running trails today! | <urn:uuid:c24706d2-7fb4-41b6-8c71-516bb9036c3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sasktrails.ca/running-the-trails-in-saskatchewan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938955 | 948 | 1.984375 | 2 |
91. Purchase of store and equipment.
(1) The Government may by general or special order provide for all any of the following matters, namely:
(a) the manner in which purchase of stores, equipments, machineries and other articles required by the Zilla Parishad or Gram Panchayat shall be made by them;
(b) the manner in which tender for works, contracts and supplies shall be invited and examined and accepted by the Gram Panchayat or Zilla Parishad;
(c) the manner in which works, and development schemes may be executed and inspected and payment may be made in respect of such works an schemes; and
(d) constitution of committee for the purposes of this sub-section.
(2) Save as otherwise expressly provided in sub-section (1), in respect of all other matters relating to withdrawal of funds, form of bills, incurring of expenditure maintenance of accounts, rendering of accounts and such other matters, the rules, of implementation as applicable to Departments of the Government shall mutatis mutandis apply in case of a Gram Panchayat and Zilla Parishad. | <urn:uuid:db52754d-ba1b-4c9d-8234-2d0d00a884da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advocatekhoj.com/library/bareacts/manipurpanchayatiraj/91.php?Title=Manipur%20Panchayati%20Raj%20Act,%201994&STitle=Purchase%20of%20stores%20and%20equipment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927932 | 236 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Why we need to talk about periods: menstrual hygiene management in development practice
By Ashlee Betteridge
11 October 2013
When I was in Timor-Leste last year, an entrepreneurial male colleague was running a curious side business. He was selling packets of sanitary pads, that had allegedly ‘fallen off the back of a truck’, to the women of the office. Despite the awkward nature of the transactions in the staff kitchen, and the jokes made while plying his merchandise (i.e. if you declined to purchase regularly you left yourself at risk of rumours of being secretly pregnant), many women purchased his dubiously sourced supplies because they were slightly cheaper than in the shops.
Pads are expensive, even for middle income families in a developing country, and commercially manufactured sanitary products are simply unaffordable for those living in poverty.
Women and girls have obviously been coping with menstruation for a long time without the aid of fantastic plastic convenience. They make do, using cloth rags or other methods like straw, leaves, newspapers, mud or ash, slipping out of the home at night time to bury used rags in the dirt or finding private places to wash and hang them out to dry.
But just because women and girls cope doesn’t mean that menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is an issue that can be overlooked by those working in development. It’s important to recognise that this affects women and girls’ health, dignity and confidence, as well as their participation in education, the community and the economy.
While TV ads for pads and tampons may leave the impression that they primarily enable spinning around joyously in daisy fields in white skirts and flirting with guys at the beach, supporting women’s agency to effectively and hygienically manage their menstruation can help them do a whole lot more.
Yet, just like the obliqueness of the ‘blue liquid’ in those TV ads, MHM is rarely openly discussed. We are largely still guessing at the actual impacts of poor MHM, the scope of the problem and the best solutions.
In some cases it is difficult to sort the hyperbole from hard facts. A recent article by Bloomberg went so far to say that low accessibility to menstrual hygiene products for women in India holds the country’s economy back. Maybe it does—but there isn’t any data.
A systematic review published by open-access scientific journal PLOS One this year looked at the effect of poor MHM, particularly in low income settings, and reviewed the existing research. It concluded that poor MHM was a significant obstacle for women in developing countries and could affect the health of the reproductive tract, “but the specific infections, the strength of effect, and the route of transmission, remain unclear.”
The review stated that: “there is a gap in the evidence for high quality randomised intervention studies which combine hardware [menstrual hygiene products] and software [education] interventions, in particular for better understanding the nuanced effect improving MHM may have on girls’ attendance at school.”
More information is clearly needed. But there are still very good reasons for the development community to take the needs of menstruating women and girls into consideration in their work.
For starters, it’s the right thing to do. I doubt many of us in developed countries can imagine how inconvenient, uncomfortable and embarrassing it must be for women and girls not to have access to even the most basic of facilities to manage their menstruation, or how confusing menstruation is for girls who have no information on this natural process.
Small scale surveys by WaterAid [pdf] found that 95% of girls in rural Ghana said they felt embarrassed during their last period and 90% said they felt ashamed. Of girls in Malawi, 82% did not know about menstruation before the onset of menarche. Girls were also excluded from water sources during menstruation and prohibited from cooking or bathing in some communities.
Education for girls and the wider community on menstruation is crucial to address discrimination and exclusion, and to create an environment where women and girls can articulate their needs—particularly in contexts where there are significant taboos and restrictions, coupled with a lack of accurate information on sexual and reproductive health.
There are already a number of small NGOs working on projects to deliver sustainable, reusable, locally sourced or low cost sanitary products to women in developing countries, or to teach them how to make their own. See Days for Girls, SHE, Saathi pads, Afripads, Ruby Cup, MakaPad and J-PAL for examples of these kinds of approaches—this seems to be one of those areas that innovation types love to get involved in because it presents all kinds of interesting design questions.
This area is also ripe for private sector involvement, particularly from companies that see the potential in growing the market for feminine hygiene products in emerging economies—for example, Proctor & Gamble ran an initiative to distribute free sanitary products and education to African schoolgirls as part of its corporate social responsibility program.
But sanitary products are only one piece of the puzzle.
Appropriate water and sanitation facilities for women and girls are another gap, and are probably even more important.
WaterAid is one actor in the WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) sector tackling this topic. Last year, it launched the first comprehensive MHM toolkit to encourage more organisations to consider MHM in their WASH, community, schools, and emergencies programs. UNICEF also held a MHM in schools virtual conference [pdf] last year, focusing on WASH.
MHM is definitely not the only (nor the main) barrier to girls’ continuation in school past puberty. Giving schoolgirls menstrual hygiene supplies is no silver bullet to fix the gender gap in enrollment and attendance (it is debated whether it really has much of an impact on attendance at all). But MHM and appropriate toilet facilities do need to be considered as part of wider steps to make schools ‘girl friendly’ and more equitable.
In one example of this, Save the Children have detailed their multi-sectoral approach to MHM in Ethiopia, in which they facilitate community discussion, educate families and schoolchildren on sexual and reproductive health, improve the privacy and safety of water and sanitation facilities at schools and introduce girls to menstrual hygiene products.
Fostering this wider community discussion is important to raise awareness of the needs of women and girls more broadly across different planning and policy fields. Anupma Jain from the Asian Development Bank recently wrote an interesting blog post on the implications of MHM for urban development, citing the need for adequate latrines in community spaces, as well as facilities for the proper disposal of menstrual hygiene products, particularly in countries where increasing prosperity is enabling more women to use modern, disposable forms of protection.
We are starting to hear more conversations and ideas on MHM and we are also improving our understanding of how it may relate to other development challenges.
Perhaps the best thing that development practitioners and policymakers can do is to keep asking the question “what do women and girls need?” when planning projects, making sure that menstruation is not left off the agenda—even if it can still be an awkward conversation for some.
Ashlee Betteridge is a Research Officer at the Development Policy Centre.
About the author/s
Ashlee Betteridge was the Manager of the Development Policy Centre until April 2021. She was previously a Research Officer at the centre from 2013-2017. A former journalist, she holds a Master of Public Policy (Development Policy) from ANU and has development experience in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. She now works as a development consultant. | <urn:uuid:350428de-29ba-4bab-94cf-030333e93143> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://devpolicy.org/why-we-need-to-talk-about-periods-menstrual-hygiene-management-in-development-practice-20131011/?print=print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955989 | 1,590 | 2.28125 | 2 |
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