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Nepal adopts new rules for Everest and Co.
The time has come. According to reports of the newspapers “Kathmandu Post” and “The Himalayan Times”, the government of Nepal has adopted some new rules for expeditions – “to improve the safety of the climbers”, as Tourism Secretary Maheswor Neupane said. The new rules apply to all mountains above 6,600 meters – these fall under the responsibility of the government – and will be in force already in the spring season 2018.
No more permits for double amputees and blind climbers
In future neither blind climbers nor double amputees are to receive permits for the highest mountains in the country. “Besides, we have also adopted a strict provision to check the medical certificate of the climbers to determine whether they are physically fit to climb the mountains,” Neupane said. It will be interesting how these checks will be operated.
In recent years, the Nepalese government has repeatedly said that it wanted to keep blind and physically disabled people away from Everest and other very high mountains. “I think very few climbers on Everest are prepared so exactly for their very special challenge Everest as the disabled adventurers with their personal teams are or need to be”, the blind Austrian climber Andy Holzer wrote to me already in 2015. “The real problem is more the climbers who put on their crampons for the first time on Everest and are quite surprised about it.” Last spring, Holzer scaled Everest in his third attempt: as the first blind man from the Tibetan north side.
No solo climbs anymore
Another now adopted amendment will probably also cause a heated debate. According to the new rules every mountaineer will be obliged to climb with a mountain guide. “From now on, foreign climbers will be banned from making a solo attempt on Mt Everest,” Tourism Secretary Neupane said. Supposedly, the government expects this provision to increase employment opportunities for Nepalese guides.
Not one bit safer
So much is certain: These rules will not make Everest or any other crowded eight-thousander one bit safer. Blind or physically handicapped mountaineers are only a tiny minority among the summit aspirants on Mount Everest, as well as those who want to climb the 8850-meter-high mountain solo. The much more important question of mountaineering skills does not seem to be taken into account in the new regulations. After all, in the first reports on the amended expedition rules there was no mention of new minimum requirements for all (!) Everest climbers – such as having climbed at least one seven-thousander or another eight-thousander before.
Date30. December 2017 | 11:33
Tagsblind climber, Disabled climbers, Expedition rules, Expeditions, Maheswor Neupane, Mount Everest, Nepal | <urn:uuid:0b83ceec-990f-4d40-ac9d-08a85f122389> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.dw.com/adventuresports/nepal-adopts-new-rules-for-expeditions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958307 | 601 | 1.8125 | 2 |
My Friend is a Palestinian Bedouin: V. Data Collection and Analysis
The way in which the study evolved was through the recording of recurrent and/or striking observations that led to the creation of texts, based on my interpretation of these observations. These texts were discussed with Bashar, who would regularly add cultural information, offer another viewpoint or point out subtleties; thus providing additional data. Texts were presented to Bashar according to the following procedure. I told him in Hebrew what I had written in English, so that he was able to tell me (in Hebrew) his views on my writings. The reason for this procedure was that not only is Bashar’s knowledge of English insufficient to understand what I wrote, but he also has a clear – cultural – preference for oral communication over written communication. Texts were mostly presented in bits and pieces, since he was usually unable to spend much time on a row. After obtaining his ideas, texts were amended and often discussed again. Discussion and dialogue with Bashar over my observations continued until April 2012.
Analysis and Presentation
The four cultural dimensions studied will be individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance and masculinity/femininity (Hofstede, 2001). Data will be organized here as descriptions according to topics and analyzed in light of the literature. For each cultural dimension a choice of topics will be presented, each of which will be highlighted through focusing on two or three different aspects. The selection of topics will be guided by the degree of difference between the cultures in this field, and not necessarily for their importance in the particular culture. Only topics on which major cultural differences affected the friendship will be presented. Each of the topics will be illustrated with one or more examples (“stories of friendship”). Affective, cognitive and behavioral aspects, that are central to bridging cultural differences (Hofstede, 2001), will be emphasized. Background information will be provided where needed. | <urn:uuid:1bbb16eb-3988-4510-bc20-1d11cde4d3cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://library.psychology.edu/my-friend-is-a-palestinian-bedouin-v-data-collection-and-analysis/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971603 | 394 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Harrogate Borough Council has commented on the town’s Spa water being suspended to redress what it believes are misleading media reports.
Following testing they are hopeful that the access will be restored and people will be able to once again sample the sulphur water.
A spokesperson for Harrogate Borough Council said:
Public access to the water at the Royal Pump Room Museum has been temporarily suspended to allow the council to consider the results from recent scientific tests. The tests have been undertaken in response to the requirements of the 2009 Private Water Supplies Regulations. Those regulations transpose and implement the UK’s obligations under EU directive 98/83/EC which is concerned with the quality of water intended for human consumption. The directive is in turn, largely based on World Health organisation guidelines.
The effect of the directive and the regulations is to impose a stricter testing regime than previously applied and to bring within scope, water sources (including wells, springs and boreholes) that had previously been excluded from the requirement to test for chemical composition.
The tests under the new regime have revealed that the sulphur water has a chemical make-up which leads to a classification of it being ‘unwholesome’. This description probably doesn’t come as a great surprise to anyone who has tasted the water, however the classification is actually an assessed grade based on defined parameters, not a purely subjective opinion.
In simple terms, the water contains certain elements which have the potential to cause harm to health if consumed in sufficient quantity. There is no suggestion that mere contact with the water or use in other ways eg in soap or as a skin preparation, poses any significant risk.
In deciding how to respond to this new information the Council has sought advice from health professionals and public agencies including the Drinking Water Inspectorate and the Health Protection Agency. The view from these bodies is that the Council should not be encouraging members of the public to drink the water. The question that arises is therefore whether access should be permanently removed or if an outcome more sympathetic to Harrogate’s history and to its on-going tourism appeal can be found. The council is hopeful that it will be possible to adopt a position which allows access to be restored to the outside tap but with signage that alerts the public to the possible health risk. Within the Pump Room Museum visitors will still be encouraged to smell but not taste the water.
In summary this is not an EU attack on Harrogate’s heritage and Harrogate Borough Council has not permanently withdrawn access to the water. Rather, EU devised regulations have alerted the council to a potential health risk and the council is seeking to manage these risks whilst respecting the spa heritage and offering a fulfilling experience to the town’s visitors.
The expectation is that public access will be restored in the near future. | <urn:uuid:db001ac8-51f3-40ec-8371-75a7dbb83ef1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.harrogate-news.co.uk/2012/02/29/spa-water-should-be-back-on-following-tests-say-council/?ajaxCalendar=1&mo=8&yr=2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950568 | 574 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Avalanche. The shrinking of Italian glaciers
A white cloud smashes against eleven people and kills them. It is composed by ice and snow: June 3rd the cloud swamped the walkers that were hiking near Marmolada glacier, in Trentino Alto Adige, a region in Italy’s North-East. The survivors can remember just a white noise, then the time to think a way out, not enough to move the first steps trough it. Memory snaps, until they woke up and saw the rescuers.
“The shrinking of glaciers is the most evident outcome of current climate change. Other consequences can be seen in some phenomena that affect our planet”, states the Italian glacier committee (IGC) in a note released after the separation of Marmolada. To say: other glaciers will fall down and there will be other separation, if the international community will fail to reverse the current trend.
In the public statement Aldino Bondesan, Roberto Francese, Massimo Giorgi and Stefano Picciotti explain that Marmolada “is the biggest glacier in Dolomite, which represents a thermometer of climate change thanks to its immediate reaction also to the smallest variation of rainfall and temperature”. The tragedy of the event itself hides an even more awful one: the separation of a part of Marmolada is the tip of the iceberg of a process started more than seventy years ago, that affects all Italian glaciers. Moreover, differently to the earthquakes and landslides, it is almost impossible to predict a glacier’s collapse. For this reason, experts suggest structural solutions to tackle the current issue of climate change.
The oldest study on Italian glaciers dates back to 1925: it is the drafting of all glaciers, followed two years later by the first atlas. Between the Fifties and the Sixties, the Italian glacier committee edited three different editions, than in the Eighties the World Glacier Inventory was published.
However, the most detailed study was carried out in 2005, when the Research Geological Group of University of Milan – with IGC and Sanpellegrino – started mapping all Italian glaciers, analyzing a special kind of high-resolution photo, shot until 2011.
The evolution of glaciers is studied by IGC by the Fifties: all the studies show a clear reduction of glaciers’ surface in all the country. The picture highlights a surface of 368 km2, distributed in sever regions: Lombardy, Trentino Alto Adige, Aosta Velley, Piedmont, Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Abruzzo.
Studying the evolution of the 903 photographed glaciers, it is clear that a relevant surface reduction occurred in all regions.
The most important one can be seen in Aosta Valley, where the total surface was 174 km2 in 1957 and nowadays it states at 132 km2: a reduction of 24% of the total iced area of the region, that on the glaciers’ national surface impacts of 30%. In all region can be seen the same trend.
Adamello, the vastest glacier in Italy, hold out against this general reduction. It lays out between Lombardy and Trentino Alto Adige. Its surface measures 16 km2 and, with other two glaciers, overcome the extension of 10 km2. The other two are Ghiacciaio dei forni, in Lombardy, and Miage, in Aosta Valley. Glaciers are divided into three categories: valley glaciers, mountain ones and glacieret. Respectively, they represent 3%, 57% and 40% of the whole surface.
The extension of these three glaciers is an exception. In Italy, most of them has a quite small surface: 107 out of 368 km2 of iced crust measures between two and five square kilometers.
Generally, glaciers are grouped into seven size class, that are common in whole Europe. Starting from the glaciers with less than 0.1 km2 and ending up with the ones bigger than 10 km2. From 1957 until 2015, the correlation between size class is remained almost the same. In other words, the shrinking of iced surfaces affected all kind of glaciers, regardless their size.
Taking into account glaciers’ evolution in the last decades, it is evident an increase in terms of numbers. In 1950s were present 835 glaciers, today there are 903. However, this data must not be considered as a signal of increase in glaciers’ surface.
The trend shows, instead, a clear reduction. This increase occurred mostly because of the separations caused by higher temperatures: it usually happens during the phases of melting that a glaciers brakes down into small different parts, which start dissolving after a few times.
In order to understand the condition how health are Italian glaciers, it is important considering the total extension of iced surfaces, that is reduced by 30%. In figures, it means that a shrinking of 158 km2 occurred. The most relevant reductions, in percentage, took place in Piedmont and in Friuli Venezia Giulia: more than 40%.
A good way to keep under control the increase of temperatures, and the climate change, is studying the evolution of the melting level. This measure corresponds to the height where the temperature reaches zero degrees. Thanks to surveys made with radiometeorographs, a precise method to measure different atmospheric variables, it is evident that al least from 1980 the melting level is slowly, but constantly, increasing.
This happens most of all during summer months. An increasing melting level causes more glaciers’ shrinking and separations. Considering the average of melting level between 1980 and 2010, and comparing it with the same temperature in 2015, an increase of 300 meters can be seen, with an important peak in July, of 569 meters.
It is extremely difficult to predict what will happen with glaciers’ melting and what the next studies will show. However, the IGC states that “if the current trend will be confirmed also in the years to come, it is likely that Marmolada will disappear before 2040”. Until a few years ago, experts thought that the Marmolada wouldn’t disappear before one hundred or two hundred years.
Meanwhile attending to discover if this expectation will be matched, experts stress the need to act as fast as possible at an international level, involving states and organizations by forcing them to reduce greenhouse gasses, to mitigate global warming. The only way to handle this process is to build a structured multi-level governance, with middle and long-term goals that can be checked and revised periodically.
According the ICG, the reason why is very simple: “the progressive shrinking acceleration oblige a revision of the most optimistic scenarios about climate change that were prepared by scientists”. | <urn:uuid:677c0b71-f8e0-44bc-8469-66493848f443> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visualeyed.com/d-stories/article/avalanche-the-shrinking-of-italian-glaciers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94335 | 1,400 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Although the chances of additional delays are high, the orbital launch debut of SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft remains stoically targeted for 2:47 am EDT (07:47 UTC) on March 2nd, less than ten days from today.
Known as DM-1, the unproven SpaceX vehicle’s autonomous demonstration mission is a critical milestone along the road to assured US access to the International Space Station (ISS), without which NASA will be forced to continue procuring seats on Russian Soyuz missions with aggressively inflated price tags. If everything goes exactly as planned, a successful DM-1 could translate into the company’s first crewed launch as early as July 2019.
— SpaceX (@SpaceX) February 6, 2019
Following a nominal mission plan, the first spaceworthy Crew Dragon will dock with the ISS a little over 24 hours after launch (March 3rd) with around 180 kg (400 lb) of cargo for the station’s six-astronaut crew. Five days later (March 8th), Crew Dragon will depart from the ISS, detach its expendable trunk, and reenter Earth’s atmosphere for a soft landing in the Atlantic Ocean. Throughout these operations, ISS astronauts, NASA technicians and operators, and a range of SpaceX employees will conduct extensive observations and tests of the new spacecraft’s performance during all mission phases, ranging from on-orbit docking (a new technology for SpaceX) to Atlantic Ocean recovery operations.
Once the capsule has been extricated from the ocean, SpaceX’s spacecraft refurbishment technicians will be faced with an extraordinary challenge, upon which the date of Crew Dragon’s first crewed launch will directly hinge. Assuming splashdown ops are nominal and Dragon is returned safely to Florida, it’s safe to assume that SpaceX will transport the spacecraft to its Hawthorne factory, at which point its engineers and technicians will have roughly two months to prepare it for another launch. Known as an in-flight abort (IFA) test, SpaceX specifically opted to perform the spacecraft safety check despite the fact that NASA did not explicitly require its commercial providers (Boeing and SpaceX) to do so. SpaceX completed Crew Dragon’s pad abort test – required by NASA – almost four years ago, while Boeing will not perform an in-flight abort before launching astronauts and has its pad abort scheduled no earlier than (NET) May 2019.
SpaceX’s IFA test is designed to verify that Crew Dragon is capable of safely extricating its astronaut passengers from a failing rocket at the point of peak aerodynamic (and thus mechanical) stress during launch, known as Max Q. Combined with a pad abort demonstration, where the above situation is replicated but with the rocket and spacecraft motionless on the launch pad, the engineering assumption is that successful aborts at both standstill and Max Q verify that a given spacecraft has proven that it can essentially abort and carry astronauts to safety at any point during launch.
“The launch scenario where an abort is initiated during the ascent trajectory at the maximum dynamic pressure (known as max Q) is a design driver for the launch abort system. It dictates the highest thrust and minimum relative acceleration required between Falcon 9 and the aborting Dragon … Dragon would separate from Falcon 9 at the interface between the trunk and the second stage… Under these conditions, the Falcon 9 vehicle would become uncontrollable and would break apart.” – SpaceX FAA permit, 2018
Aside from a boilerplate Merlin Vacuum engine on the second stage, SpaceX’s IFA test is set to fly on real Falcon 9 hardware that will almost certainly be consigned to total destruction at the point of abort, around 90 seconds after launch. SpaceX’s decision to expend an entirely flightworthy Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket – featuring a booster capable of supporting anywhere from 5-100 lifetime missions – is a tangible demonstration of the company’s commitment to crew safety above all else, although NASA will either partially or fully compensate SpaceX for the milestone. Set to occur no earlier than June 2019, the IFA schedule is explicitly constrained by the successful launch and recovery of Crew Dragon after DM-1 – any delays to that mission will likely translate into IFA delays, which will translate into delays for the first crewed mission (DM-2).
SpaceX’s Cargo Dragon engineers and technicians have a solid amount of experience refurbishing the spacecraft for cargo missions to the ISS, although the average turnaround for flight-proven capsules currently stands around 18-24 months, not exactly on the heels of the 2-3 months currently alotted for the first Crew Dragon. Thanks to the fact that the IFA Crew Dragon does not need to be refurbished to the standards of orbital flight for its second launch, it’s at least conceivable that that aspirational schedule is within reach. SpaceX’s first crewed demonstration mission (DM-2) could occur as early as one month after a successful IFA (July 2019), pending the completion of joint NASA-SpaceX readiness reviews.
Known as flight readiness reviews (FRRs), those joint reviews are no less significant for DM-1, even if they likely are underwhelmingly marked by a copious amount of slideshow presentations and sitting around tables in meeting rooms. The purpose of the reviews (at least nominally) is to essentially have SpaceX attempt to convince NASA (as empirically as possible) that they are ready to launch Crew Dragon. According to NASA, that review will end NET 6pm EDT (23:00 UTC) on February 22nd, followed one hour later by an official press conference featuring NASA and SpaceX officials.
Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes! | <urn:uuid:209c1c8c-d1e3-4e36-bfb2-235fbef54eee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-crew-dragon-orbital-launch-debut-ten-days-away/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942061 | 1,182 | 2.40625 | 2 |
St James’ Church and cemetery in the eastern Galway suburb of Mervue was the subject of a survey and excavation led by Jim Higgins during the 1990s. The excavation and survey programme was funded by FÁS and Galway City Council. Jim published the results of the excavation at the church and the survey of the memorial inscriptions in a book Excavations at St James’ Church and Cemetery which was published by Galway’s Crow’s Rock Press in 1996. While attending the graveyard conference, The Place of Their Resurrection, organised by Jim recently in Galway city the Historic Graves Project discussed the possibility of geolocating the memorial stones in St James’ cemetery and publishing the geolocated photographs on the Historic Graves Site. The following week I undertook a quick geolocated photographic survey at the Graveyard. The memorials were numbered as per Jim’s graveyard plan allowing the information contained within Jim’s wonderful book to be cross referenced with the photographs published on the Historic Graves Site. The book and the online records are another great example of multiplatform publication where traditional and digital methods combine and complement in order to publicise the local heritage resource which is St James’ graveyard.
From the excavations and the associated assessment there appears to have been an early 12th/13th century phase of construction which was followed by a late 16th century early 17th century phase of construction. The church was also rebuilt for some function in the post medieval period. The early history of the church and graveyard is remarkably obscure and the earliest written record comes from the Ordnance Survey Letters for Galway which date to 1838. Jim believes there are three possibilities for the funding and function of the church; it may have been a minor dependency of St Nicholas’ Church in Galway City, it may have may have functioned as a small local parish church or it may have been a chapel funded by a large local landowner and used by the wealthy family and their tenants.
The Lynch Family
A section in the book entitled To Their Memory recounts in great detail histories and stories about the people and families buried in St James’ cemetery. The Lynch family and the Joyce’s were the largest landowners in the area. The church is located on land historically owned by the Lynches of Renmore House who have held land in the area since at least the 16th century when the family owned a castle at Doughiska. This castle is located close to the site of Renmore House the site of which is now a health service facility at Merlin Park. It is likely that the Lynches were responsible for the 16th/17th century additions to the church and were also responsible for the western annex which may even have been constructed as a family mortuary chapel – it certainly contains a 19th century Lynch box tomb.
The tomb at the western end of the main church building appears to belong to the Joyce family of Merview House and was one of the first funerary monuments to be built within the church.
Frank Joyce is commemorated by a cross located in the eastern end of the building and records the date of his death as 1890. Frank Joyce was a prominent member of the Galway Blazers and was married to one of the Persse’s a well known Galway distillery family who made whiskey on Nun’s island in Galway City. Frank’s father Pierce Charles Joyce had a fascinating army career in the Connaught Rangers and was close friends with T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia). The Joyce’s along with Merview House also owned a smaller house which is located to the east of the graveyard boundary wall and now houses the club house of Galwegians Rugby Football Club.
Fr James P. Geraghty
The earliest recorded inscription (1864) in the graveyard was recorded on a now conserved box tomb located in the western half of the main church building which was dedicated to Fr James P. Geraghty who was a Parish Priest in Castlegar.
Local newspapers reported that the funeral of Fr Geraghty, who seems to have been highly respected was one of the largest seen in a long time.
Sean Mulvoy (Seán Ó Maolmhaidh) was a volunteer in Oglaigh na hÉireann who was shot dead by a member of the British Forces at Galway Railway station during an attempted raid on the Galway to Dublin train. Sean Mulvoy was buried in St James’ cemetery in September 1920 and a memorial headstone was unveiled by the Mayor of Galway Michael Higgins in September 1972.
One of the more colourful stories relating to the graveyard involves Tom ‘The Moor’ Molineaux or Black Tom Molineaux who was a champion boxer who died in Galway early in the 19th century and according to local tradition was buried in a grave marked only by a plain stone at the centre of St James’ cemetery.
Uninscribed Memorial Stones
As Jim Higgins declares in the opening section of To Their Memory, St James’ cemetery ‘contains a cross section of the population, rich and poor and of every class and political persuasion’. Some people were not commemorated at all and some graves were marked only by a rough uninscribed stone. The local historian Norbert Sheeran records that according to local people many who died during the great famine were buried in the cemetery and a stone cross has been erected in the graveyard to the memory of those who died at that time.
St James’ Church and cemetery is a great example of how a comprehensive study of graveyard leads to the uncovering of stories which illuminate the history of the people commemorated within but also illustrate the broader history of the surrounding place. The history of St James’ church and graveyard is intimately associated with the history of Galway City and its people.
History of the Church
Building of the present Mervue Parish Church, which commenced in 1966 on property purchased from Galway Corporation, which also included a school site at a total cost of 7000 pounds. The church was the first completed in the city after Vatican 11 and on the 18 August, 1968, it was dedicated by the Bishop of Galway, Dr Micheal Browne, to the Holy Family. Fr. Jack O’Conner and Fr. Martin Coen were assigned to the new church. Prior to the opening of the church, Sunday Mass was held in the nearby Potez factory.
The plan of the new church was innovative with a major space constructed under the building set aside for community affairs. Consequently, the church has a rising railed walkway on either side leading to the raised entrance. Inside, the altar is located in the middle of the circular church, so that a congregation of 1,100 can be seated around it. The walls are of reinforced concrete, as is the roof, which has an outer copper surface. The architect was Patrick Sheahan and Partners, Limerick, the buider was John Sisk, and the total cost of the building was 190,000 pounds according to Tom May in Churches of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora.
Major feature inside the church, after some alterations, include a mothers’ and children’s chapel and a Blessed Sacrament Chapel. Of special interest are the altar, lamp stand and ambo, which are made from Peruvian onyx. Meanwhile the shrines of St. Joseph and the Blessed Virgin Mary contain rather fine Florentine mosaics in the Byzantine style. Overhead, a large crucifixion scene painted on the cross by Italian artist, Giorgio Favella, a replica of St. Clare’s Cross in Assis, hangs directly over the altar, concentrating minds on the purpose of the Mass itself. Changing sunlight patterns also display the stained glass windows, by Phillis Burke of Dublin to best effect. They contain scenes from the Annunciation, Crucifixion and Ascension.
Outside the church, a fine grotto was erected by Fr. Joe Delaney with much financial help from the parishioners in 1980, while a small stone version was installed in 2000 next to it incorporating the treasured names of children who died prematurely. Of interest also is the shade provided by nearby trees, which, uniquely, were transplanted from their more formal setting in Eyre Square. | <urn:uuid:6edf85f4-1fe4-4b54-a375-82036e256824> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mervueparish.ie/elementor-365/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980976 | 1,734 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Skin Cancer and Reconstruction
Titus Adams performs surgery to remove skin cancers, including Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and Melanoma (including the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy service at Oxford).
Patients tend to be referred directly via their GP or Consultant Dermatologists and Tius Adams works as part of the Skin Multidisciplinary team (MDT) where complex or concerning cases are discussed.
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery is often required as the skin cancers can be extensive or the area for reconstruction is devoid of local skin to aid closure. Skin flaps or skin grafts are often required to fill the hole or defect once the skin cancer has been removed.
Local Skin Flaps
Skin flaps are employed, particularly on the face, to replace like-for-like skin colour, thickness and texture. The scars are then designed to hide in the most suitable parts of the face to minimise their appearance which takes place some weeks or months later. .There are many different designs of flap and their use is dependent on the size of the defect, the type of skin tissue available and the site in which the defect resides.
If the defects are much larger, then skin grafts are required. Their use can be likened to replacing a piece of bad lawn turf with fresh new lawn turf. Two types of skin graft can be used. Full thickness skin grafts can be used (typically from spare skin in the neck) or split thickness skin grafts (often taken from the thigh) similar to that used in the treatment of burns. Both skin grafting techniques have advantages and disadvantages and their use is usually governed by the extent of the defect after the skin cancer is resected.
Titus Adams is currently the Clinical Director for NHS Plastic Surgery Services in Berkshire. In the NHS, he developed the skin cancer services hub at the West Berkshire Community Hospital in which day case NHS skin cancer surgery is performed. He also performs skin cancer and its reconstructive surgery in private hospitals in Oxford and Reading. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma is exclusively performed at the John Radcliffe Hospital under a general anaesthetic as part of the treatment options available for Melanoma.
All major healthcare insurance companies recognise Titus Adams as a Plastic Surgeon with a specialist interest in this work.
Before and After Gallery
62 year old man post-op skin cancer excision on left temple with advancement flap reconstruction
Breast lift – removal of 15 year old implants and auto augmentation mastopexy technique in 52 year old (before and 6 months after surgery)
74 year old, 3 months post-op excision of BCC right nose and Bilobed flap reconstruction
36 year old lady, before and post-op BCC excision with off-set flap reconstruction
Elderly lady with 20 year history of BCC left posterior shoulder before and immediately after excision and reconstruction using a Latissimus Dorsi (LD) flap | <urn:uuid:bc4f7b38-11a7-48ca-8011-72285983a6cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://titusadams.com/skin-cancer-reconstruction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927012 | 616 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Cars are sizeable investments. Being a car becomes older, its maintenance becomes increasingly crucial. You can find numerous tools that each auto owner should have. Auto shops can sometimes charge exurbanite amounts for the fix that is simple might have been done in the home for much cheaper. Having the appropriate tools and knowledge will allow any auto owner to save money, find out about their automobile, and maintain their car.
1. Jack And Jack Stands
When working on a motor car, more regularly than maybe not, the automobile needs to be elevated. Simple procedures like rotating tires may be done acquainted with assistance from a Jack. Additionally, all vehicle owners should have jack within their car with them anywhere each goes. Within the regrettable event of the flat tire, having a jack and a spare tire can lead to a tire replacement that is simple. In a garage, having a effective jack and strong jack stands makes it possible for an car owner to reach every point underneath the car and thus re solve problems more efficiently.
2. Torque Wrench
Wheels and other automotive components such as engine components should be tightened to specific requirements. A set of good torque wrenches is essential for every single home mechanic.
3. Socket Set
frequently when dealing with parts of the engine, or the spots that are hard-to-reach the hood, proper tools are required. a 3/8-inch socket set can allow an automobile owner to loosen and later tighten a wide variety of bolts. Different extensions allow the auto owner to get the best angles for torque and for that reason quite make auto jobs a bit easier.
When changing oil, having a funnel, some rags, and a bucket is beneficial. Once again, the oil change is one of the most maintenances that are important a car, and it can be done simply by anyone. However, many people do not have the proper tools or knowledge for an oil change that is successful. Having a funnel can additionally be helpful when refilling any other fluids in one’s vehicle. The funnel acts to make certain that fluids don't get over filled, which can result in problems that are significant.
5. Vice Grips
Finally, every auto owner should have a pair of solid vice grips. Some times a right component will not come loose. Other times, a motor car part may not be seemingly tight enough despite one’s best efforts. Vice grips can hold a wide number of car parts and invite the consumer to get more leverage for either tightening or loosening a component. When encountering part that may simply not come loose, numerous auto owners will give up and take their car to a shop. Having vice grips can help one to avoid this problem.
With the right tools, anyone can fix minor problems and continue maintaining their automobile without the assistance of an auto mechanic.
When you click on links to various merchants on this site and make a purchase, this can result in this site earning a commission. Affiliate programs and affiliations include, but are not limited to, the eBay Partner Network. | <urn:uuid:6401859a-f8cc-48e5-8a0e-5e985c129609> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://buythisforyourcar.com/snap-on-qd1rn25a-1-4-drive-newton-meter-click-type-ratchet-torque-wrench-5-25/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948993 | 627 | 2.015625 | 2 |
For a Trust to provide its intended advantages, title to trust assets must be held in the name of the trustee. Only those assets that have been re-titled (i.e., legally transferred) into the name of the trustee are in the trust. Unfortunately, due to ignorance, neglect or inability, people sometimes neglect to formally transfer title to these assets into the name of the trustee. This can mean that an otherwise avoidable probate, conservatorship, or court proceeding to formally transfer so-called “pledged assets” (that are listed in an trust asset schedule to a “declaration of trust”) by way of a court order may become necessary. So it is important to be aware of when assets must be retitled.
There are three (3) occasions when one must transfer title to the trust: First, at the very outset when establishing the trust with the pledged assets; Second, later-on as one purchases additional assets (e.g. a new home); and Third, when a settlor (i.e., the person who established the trust with his/her own assets ) dies and the trust provides that one or more subtrusts are to be established. An example of a subtrust situation, is when a spouse leaves his/her assets in further (continuing) trust for the lifetime benefit of his/her surviving spouse with the remaining unused assets being left outright (or in further trust) to the children.
Unless assets are retitled into the name of the trustee, otherwise avoidable problems may arise when a settlor dies or becomes incompetent because the Trustee’s control only extends to trust assets. Furthermore, where avoiding unnecessary estate taxes (for affluent married couples) or avoiding creditor claims by the beneficiary’s own creditors being paid by a deceased settlor’s assets are intended purposes of the trust, these purposes may be jeopardized. That is, some married couples establish lifetime trusts that at the death of the “deceased spouse” (i.e., first spouse to die) divide into sub-trusts (i.e., the so-called “AB” or “ABC” Trusts).
Such subtrusts may be created to protect trust assets from the beneficiary’s own creditors and/or to avoid Estate Tax on the death of the beneficiary. If title to the trust assets is not transferred from the so-called “master trust” (the original lifetime trust that was established by the married couple) into the names of the trustee(s) of the subtrusts, then the result is a so-called “stale trust”. That is, the subtrusts that were never funded become evermore stale as time passes-by after the death of the first spouse to die. More importantly, it becomes an accounting nightmare to attempt to settle the original trust into its separate subtrusts the longer the delay after the death of the first spouse to die. It becomes expensive too as it may involve accountants and court petitions to attempt to remedy the situation.
In sum, it is important that legal title (the form of which varies depending on the type of asset involved) is properly held in the appropriate Trust in order for the intended benefits to having a trust be realized.
Dennis is an attorney who practices in Lakeport, California at 55 First Street, Suite 207. His phone number is 707-263-3235. We welcome your calls to reserve a seat to attend a free public educational seminar presentation on the topics of Wills, Trusts & Estate Planning and Special Needs Trusts.
The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The information is provided by the Law Office of Dennis Fordham. and while we endeavour to keep the information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the website or the information, services, or related graphics contained on the website for any purpose. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk.
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We respect your privacy. We will not sell or rent your information to anyone. The information you provide us will be used to communicate the status of your business with our firm. | <urn:uuid:0d776931-7a1f-4a29-bae0-a99478e5a682> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dennisfordhamlaw.com/articles/2making-sure-trust-assets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942845 | 1,049 | 1.875 | 2 |
The sweet gum tree (Liquidambar styraciflua), also referred to as liquidambar, has star-shaped leaves that provide cool shade in the summer then burst into a flush of golds and reds in autumn. This tree, that rises in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 to 10, requires little or no pruning during its life cycle, but you might have to prune it to repair damage in a wind storm, eliminate diseased branches or shape it up. If you do that depends on what you would like to accomplish, but generally the best time to prune is in late winter when the tree is still inactive and disease organisms are inactive.
Pruning After Planting
At the time of planting, you should only prune liquidambar to get rid of damaged twigs. These branches should be pruned back to the back. As the young tree grows over the next three to four decades, prune it into the desired shape through light pruning in late winter. Mainly, you will want to make sure it’s only one major trunk, so prune away any branches close to the top of the tree to leave a single, straight leader branch to your back.
Pruning as the Tree Ages
As the tree ages to four decades and past, prune off root suckers during the growing season every year. In late winter, cut away branches at the top of the major back competing with the leader division. Prune these branches all of the way back to the main trunk. This is also the time to prune lower branches back to the back so you have room to walk beneath the tree. The smallest division of a liquidambar tree in the yard should be 8 feet in the ground, and to get a tree that may eventually hang over a street, it should be 8 to 10 feet in the ground.
Should you prune liquidambar properly in the early stages of its growth, the only pruning you will need to do to your adult tree is to eliminate storm damaged branches, diseased locations or root suckers. If diseased branches can’t be treated successfully, remove them right away regardless of what time of year. If branches have been broken by a storm and threaten to damage nearby buildings, then remove them at once also; otherwise, wait until late winter when the tree is dormant to prune them. This reduces the risk of exposing the tree to infection, especially in the autumn when fungi are prevalent. Remove a division by cutting it back to the upcoming major division, to a grass on the side of the division or to the back.
Sterilizing loppers, pruning shears and chainsaws before working in your liquidambar reduces the danger of spreading infection. Sanitize the equipment from dipping cutting surfaces, and grips subjected to contamination, in 70 percent isopropyl alcohol or wiping it on with a clean cloth. Sanitize chainsaws by removing the chain and letting it soak as you wipe the bar and other surfaces. Alcohol is flammable, so don’t use sterilized tools about open flames. If you’re working on a diseased tree, then spray on the cutting layer after every cut with a household disinfectant. | <urn:uuid:e1aa49e0-c582-4e43-872b-170b473e3166> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.phillygoessolar.com/2019/12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936515 | 684 | 2.796875 | 3 |
About the Sustainable Financial Innovation Centre (SFiC)
The Sustainable Financial Innovation Centre (SFiC) is the first interdisciplinary research centre to focus on financial technology (FinTech) and financial innovation. SFiC is based at the College of Social Sciences at the University of Birmingham. The SFiC seeks to undertake cutting edge interdisciplinary research on financial innovation, FinTech and sustainability.
Our mission is to generate interdisciplinary research by bringing together academics and practitioners from across the globe to produce high quality and impactful research on Sustainable Financial Innovation.
The Sustainable Financial Innovation Research Centre (SFiC) is a centre of excellence that builds upon the existing track record of quality research outputs and networks across the College of Social Sciences. Research within the SFiC revolves around two core themes, namely FinTech and Sustainable Finance.
CEO, SIEMENS, UK
“To innovate, we need open centres where academia and businesses can get together and drive forward great ideas into products/services.”
- To contribute as a major international voice in debates on the challenges and future directions of Sustainable Financial Innovation;
- To generate funded research projects and publish cutting edge interdisciplinary work that both challenge and explore boundaries in the production of new knowledge of FinTech and Sustainable Finance;
- To engage in dialogue with practitioners/industry partners and to work in partnership with research centers to promote and raise the awareness about FinTech and Sustainable Finance;
- To encourage collaboration between academics across the university and industry partners to attract and provide a supportive environment for PhD students.
Find out more about SFiC | <urn:uuid:b02ae5ad-202a-41ba-b05f-78db50788a69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/sfic/about.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.886667 | 337 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Harrogate Grammar School have been successful in a £1 million bid to the Education Funding Agency to replace a crumbling Science block.
The building was constructed in the 1950’s to a much lower standard than the original 1930’s school and has reached the end of its useful life.
Headteacher, Richard Sheriff, explained just how important this grant was to the school:
We have been trying for quite some time to get the funding to demolish the block and completely replace it with up to date accommodation. Staff and students who use the rooms in this block will know the problems we have had with heating, water leaks, failing windows etc. and none of us will be sad to see it go.
The grant of just over £1 million will allow us to demolish the existing building and replace it with four new laboratories and a prep room. In addition there will be a new link corridor on the ground floor level to reduce congestion at the busiest area in the school building.
Science is a key area of the curriculum and we want this project to further our students interest and enthusiasm for science learning as well as getting closer to that ‘world class’ provision we aim for.
With more and more of our students choosing to study science right through to A Level we want to provide the high quality facilities that will support their success.
The school are also working on gaining sponsorship, including financial support, to refurbish the oldest remaining labs so they can give the school’s students a consistently high quality environment in which to learn. If you, or your company, are interested in supporting the school in this project please get in touch with the school Finance Director, Steve Howell, he will be delighted to hear from you. | <urn:uuid:759fd37e-051f-4f49-9856-915f3d93cf3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.harrogate-news.co.uk/2016/04/14/harrogate-grammar-school-awarded-funding-replace-science-block/?ajaxCalendar=1&mo=5&yr=2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971807 | 355 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Arthur’s Seat is an extinct volcano, which erupted around 340 million years ago. At that time, Scotland was a very different place, located close to the Equator. The rocks of Holyrood Park give us some clues about what it was like in the past. Layers of sandstone formed in shallow lagoons close to the sea. Many explosive eruptions of the volcano created volcanic ash, and lava flows formed in quieter eruptions. In the hundreds of millions of years since it stopped erupting, the volcano has been buried beneath other rocks. It has gradually been exposed at the surface and eroded, so that now less than half remains. This means that we can now walk through the crater area and across some of the lava flows, But also go right through the heart of the volcano and see rocks that were created underground during the eruptions.
Holyrood Park holds a special place in the history of science, for it was here in the late 18th century that James Hutton found evidence to support his theories about the workings of the Earth. At Salisbury Crags, he observed igneous and sedimentary rocks and understood that they had been formed at different times by different processes. He suggested that the Earth was very old, and continually changing; a startling new idea that changed forever the way people thought about our planet. This had a major influence on other scientists such as Charles Darwin. James Hutton is now recognised as the ‘father of modern geology’.
More about Geowalks in Holyrood Park: For School and University Groups | Self-Guided Walks | Walking Route Map
The Rock Opera project explores the history, geology and stories of Arthur’s Seat and James Hutton in Holyrood Park with a short animated film, smart phone app, games and resources for teachers – visit www.rockopera.org.uk. | <urn:uuid:cf5fec17-1a2c-4b86-ae29-49388be7d747> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geowalks.co.uk/arthurs-seat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971478 | 386 | 4.28125 | 4 |
Job Description and Jobs
- 1) Tends machine that glues and drives dowel pins into holes in parts of wooden articles preparatory to assembly: Slides stops on machine to align grooves, through which dowels are fed, with holes in wooden part according to work order.
- 2) Dumps dowel pins into hopper and pours glue into glue reservoir.
- 3) Turns valve to regulate pressure and amount of glue injected into holes to prevent wood from splitting when dowels are driven into holes.
- 4) Positions part against stop and depresses pedal to inject glue and drive dowels into holes.
- 5) Releases pedal and removes wooden part from machine.
- 6) Secures position of dowels in wooden parts with nails or staples, using pneumatic nail gun or stapler.
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How to Pick the Best Veterinary Technician School Near Peoria Arizona
Realizing your long term goal of working with and helping animals by enrolling in a veterinary technician program near Peoria AZ might initially seem like an overwhelming task. After all, you must find and enroll in a school that will deliver the necessary training so that you can succeed as a veterinary technician. But just how do you approach analyzing and comparing programs so that you can make the correct selection? Many future students begin their due diligence process by searching for colleges that are near their homes. After they have found some nearby colleges, they determine which ones have the most affordable tuition and focus on those. Although location and cost are significant considerations when evaluating vet technician schools, they are by no means the only critical ones when making your assessments. Qualifications such as accreditation and internship programs should be considered as well. The point is that there are questions you should be asking the vet tech programs you are evaluating before you make a final selection. We have presented several within this article to help get you started, but before we discuss them we'll talk about the different roles of vet techs and the training options offered.
Veterinary Assistants, Technicians and Technologists
Among the initial decisions that you will have to make is if you desire to train as a vet assistant, technician or technologist. Part of your determination might be based on the amount of time and money that you have to devote to your training, but the primary determiner will undoubtedly be which specialization appeals to you the most. What techs and assistants share in common is that they both work under the immediate supervision of a licensed and practicing veterinarian. And although there are numerous jobs that they can perform within the Peoria AZ veterinary practice or hospital, they can't prescribe drugs, diagnose conditions, or conduct surgical procedures. In those areas they may only provide assistance to a licensed veterinarian. There are technicians and technologists that work away from the typical vet practice, such as for animal shelters, zoos or law enforcement. Let's take a look at the responsibilities and training prerequisites for each specialization.
- Vet Assistants in most cases will have gone through a structured training program, either as an intern or apprentice in a practice, or by completing a certificate program at a vocational school or community college. As the name implies, their job function is to assist the veterinarians and vet technicians in the completion of their duties. Normally they are not associated with more complex tasks, such as assisting with surgical procedures. A few of their regular functions may include working at the front desk, preparing and cleaning exam rooms and equipment, or handling pets during examinations.
- Vet Technicians go through more extensive training compared to assistants and normally obtain a 2 year Associate Degree, preferably from an American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) accredited program. They are in a sense the veterinarian counterparts of medical nurses, since their basic job duty is to assist veterinarians with diagnosing and treating animal patients. Where they differ from veterinary assistants is that they are involved in more complex functions, for example assisting with surgical procedures or providing medicine. All states presently mandate that vet technicians pass a credentialing exam for either certification, registration or licensing.
- Vet Technologists are comparable to vet technicians and essentially carry out the same work functions. They are mandated to obtain a Bachelor's Degree in veterinary technology, which typically takes four years to complete. So the only real distinction between a vet technician and a technologist is the technologist's higher level of education. But with an advanced degree comes more career options, increased salaries and potential management positions. They are additionally mandated to pass a credentialing exam for either registration, certification or licensing.
Vet techs and technologists may specialize in areas such as anesthesia, internal medicine or emergency care. Some may acquire certification from the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) to work in Peoria AZ laboratories or research facilities as well.
Online Vet Tech Programs Offered
An option that might be a solution for those with a busy lifestyle or who are working full time while going to veterinarian school is to enroll in an online program. Because the classes are provided through the internet, students can attend on their own schedule wherever a computer is accessible. The curriculum is taught using multiple methods, including slide shows, videos and live streaming webinars. And since most veterinary tech and technologist degrees require clinical training, that segment can typically be carried out as an internship or work study program at a local Peoria AZ veterinary clinic or hospital. Distance learning, as it is also called, may in some instances decrease the cost of your education. Tuition and supplementary expenditures, such as for traveling and study materials, can be cheaper compared to more traditional classroom courses. Just make certain that the program that you enroll in is accredited, either by the AVMA or another nationally certified accrediting organization. With the online classes and the clinical training, everything is included for a complete education. So if you are disciplined enough to learn in this more independent fashion, an online vet tech program may be the perfect choice for you.
What to Ask Vet Tech Colleges
At this point you probably have decided on which veterinary credential that you would like to obtain, and if you prefer to study online or attend a program on campus. Since there are a large number of vet community colleges, trade and vocational schools in the Peoria AZ area and across the Country, you must ask some qualifying questions in order to narrow down your list of options. As we mentioned in our introduction, many prospective students start by focusing on location and the cost of tuition. But we have already touched on other important qualifiers, which include internship programs and accreditation. And naturally you want to choose a school that offers the degree and specialty that you want to earn. These and other factors are covered in the list of questions that you should ask the veterinary technician schools that you are looking at.
Is the Vet Program Accredited? It's imperative that you confirm that the veterinary technician program you choose is accredited by a regional or national accrediting organization. As earlier stated, among the most highly respected is the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Trade schools and colleges that are accredited by the AVMA have gone through a rigorous screening process that ensures you will get a quality education. Also, accreditation is essential if you are applying for a student loan or financial assistance, since numerous programs are not offered for non-accredited programs. Last, having a degree or certificate from an accredited college is often a prerequisite for employment for a number of Peoria AZ area veterinary practices and hospitals.
What is the College's Reputation? The vet trade school or college and program you enroll in should have an exceptional reputation within the vet field. You can start your due diligence by asking the schools you are interested in for references from the employers in their job assistance network. Other pointers include looking on online school rating websites and contacting the school's accrediting organizations as well. You can ask the Arizona school licensing department if there have been any complaints or infractions regarding your targeted schools. As a final recommendation, call some Peoria AZ veterinarians that you might wish to work for after you go through your training. Find out what they think about your school choices. They might even suggest some colleges not on your list.
Are there Internship Programs? The best approach to obtain practical hands on experience as a vet tech is to work in a clinical environment. Ask if the colleges you are considering have internship programs arranged with Peoria AZ veterinarians, vet clinics or hospitals. The majority of veterinary medicine programs require practical training and many furnish it by means of internships. Not only will the experience be valuable regarding the practical training, but an internship may also help build relationships in the local veterinarian community and aid in the search for a job after graduation.
Is Job Placement Provided? Getting a job after graduating from a vet tech school may be challenging without the help of a job placement program. To start with, ask what the graduation rates are for the programs you are considering. A low rate could indicate that the teachers were unqualified to teach the syllabus or that some students were disappointed with the program and dropped out. Next, check that the colleges have a job assistance program and find out what their placement rates are. A higher placement rate might indicate that the school has an exceptional reputation within the Peoria AZ veterinary community and has a significant network of contacts for student placements. A lower rate might mean that the training is not highly regarded by employers or that the job assistance program is ineffective at placing students.
How Big are the Classes? If the classes are larger, you may receive little or no personalized instruction from the teachers. Request from the Peoria AZ schools you are researching what their classroom student to teacher ratios are. You might also decide to attend a couple of classes (if practical) to observe the interaction between students and instructors. Ask for feedback from students concerning the quality of instruction. Also, speak with the teachers and find out what their qualifications are as well as their approaches to teaching.
Where is the School Located? Of course, we already discussed location, but there are a few more points to consider on the subject. If you are planning to commute to your veterinary technician classes from your Peoria AZ home, you need to make sure that the commuting time fits into your schedule. For example, driving during the weekend to check out the route won't be the same as the drive during rush hour traffic, especially if the school is located near or in a larger city. In addition, if you do opt to enroll in a school in another state or even outside of your County of residence, there may be increased tuition fees especially for state and community colleges. Of course attending online classes may be an option that will give you more flexibility and reduce the need for travel.
Is the Class Schedule Flexible? And finally, it's essential that you determine if the veterinary colleges you are looking at offer class times that are sufficiently flexible to accommodate your schedule. For instance, many students continue working full time and can only attend classes on the weekends or in the evenings near Peoria AZ. Some might only be able to go to classes in the morning or later in the afternoon. Verify that the class times you require are offered prior to enrolling. Also, find out if you can make-up classes that you may miss because of work, illness or family emergencies. You may find that an online program is the ideal way to fit your veterinary education into your busy life.
Enroll in the Best Peoria Vet Technologist Program
Picking the right veterinary technician school is a crucial first step to starting a rewarding career delivering treatment and care for animals. Potential students thinking about vet tech programs must make their selection based on a number of key factors. Veterinary technicians and technologists are employed in vet clinics, animal hospitals and animal shelters. They typically handle administrative duties and support the veterinarian with the animals as needed. As we have covered, it's very important that you select a veterinary medicine program that is both accredited and has an excellent reputation within the profession. This goes for online vet tech colleges as well. By asking the questions included in our checklist for evaluating schools, you will be able to narrow down your choices so that you can make your final selection. And by choosing the best school, you can reach your goal of becoming a vet tech in Peoria Arizona. | <urn:uuid:f8a3ecd2-d21e-4dec-84f0-6824b6d7d707> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crittercareedu.info/arizona/peoria/vet-tech-schools.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.965762 | 2,316 | 1.710938 | 2 |
In 1995, the Mississippi Business Hall of Fame inducted Bernie Ebbers, a graduate of the obscure Mississippi College who had risen to become CEO of WorldCom. And why not? Ebbers had started with a small telecommunications company that acquired smaller competitors and eventually created one of the largest companies in the world. In 2000, WorldCom was soaring, and his personal worth was more than $1 billion. But in 2002, investigators revealed that WorldCom had executed what was then the largest accounting fraud in history, with more than $11 billion in accounting misstatements. It was also alleged that Ebbers had taken $366 million in personal loans from the company. By the time the carnage settled, WorldCom's stock had plummeted from more than $64 per share to just over $1, costing stockholders more than $100 billion in losses. Ebbers was found guilty of nine felonies and sentenced to 25 years in prison. In September 2006, Ebbers drove himself to prison in his Mercedes, which he is not scheduled to see again until 2028. | <urn:uuid:0cb9c78f-5f71-408a-9e3d-51c0f43eeb0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2009445_2009447_2009465,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.987527 | 212 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The U.S. is more firm than ever that it won't accommodate European wishes to ban the sale of American-made products labeled Feta or Champagne.
The issue was already a sticking point in transatlantic trade talks. But a senior official from the U.S. Trade Representative's office slashed hopes this week that Washington would move on this point.
The food feud could be enough to kill the trade deal.
“The EU has aspirations for changing the U.S. system that are not going to be met in TTIP,” the official told POLITICO of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.
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The EU is urging the Americans to amend their use of special product names, or geographical indications. That designation guarantees that only products from a certain region, which fulfills the characteristics of its origin, can be sold under its original name in the EU. Brussels is desperate to extend these protections to the U.S. market. That would translate into no American dairy being able to sell its cheese as Feta, in Europe and in the U.S.
While Washington concedes the need to protect certain food names, it favors an approach in which companies can register their products as trademarks. But the U.S. considers names like Feta to be generic — meaning they are used so widely that they represent a food category — and can't be protected.
“It’s pure and simply a protectionist approach” — Jim Mulhern, U.S. National Milk Producers Federation
The U.S. official pointed out that EU food exports already do very well on the U.S. market without geographical indications. “The EU has a $13 billion agriculture surplus to U.S,” he said, arguing that American producers are discriminated against the EU system. “We sell less cheese to the EU than to Trinidad and Tobago. The European system does not allow us to export.”
Some in the U.S. agriculture community are more blunt.
“The geographical indications issue is a horrific overreach by the EU that undermines the entire EU interests in these negotiations,” said Jim Mulhern, president of the U.S. National Milk Producers Federation. “It’s pure and simply a protectionist approach that flies in the face of what free trade agreements are all about.”
Mulhern added that the concept would ban producers from using common food names that have been long produced in the U.S. and reserve them exclusively for the Europeans. “There won’t be a TTIP agreement passed by the Congress that is detrimental to U.S. agriculture,” he said. “It’s a red line for us.”
On the European side, leaders are also playing hardball: “There will be no deal” without recognizing geographical indications, Agriculture Commissioner Phil Hogan said at a POLITICO event last month, and French President François Hollande last week threatened to veto the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) if this issue is not resolved. “We will never accept questioning essential principles for our agriculture,” he said.
Wine is a particularly hot topic for the French. A 2006 wine agreement between the EU and U.S. bans the use of 17 wine names like Champagne or Haut Sauterne that are not coming from their original destination, but it left out those wines that were already produced under those names before the agreement was signed.
While the EU searches to incorporate this protection into TTIP, and at best to completely ban those wine names for American producers, the U.S. is keen to keep such improvements out of the trade deal.
“The EU expressed strong concerns and will follow up at political level,” a recently leaked negotiation document says.
Reinhard Quick, a professor for trade law at the University of Saarbrücken, said it's not only economical interests clashing.
“We are dealing with two different cultural approaches here,” he said. “The Americans think that if the original French Champagne is the better one, then customers should have the free choice to chose it.”
The ‘European way’
Geographical indications are particularly important for small and medium-sized exporters, which don't have a huge distribution and marketing budget to access the U.S. market, a spokesperson for the German ministry for food and agriculture said. The European Commission, in its latest data from 2010, estimates the value of all protected European products to be €54.3 billion.
In a resolution last year, which set the European Parliament's requirements for approving a future TTIP deal, MEPs demanded from the Commission “to secure full recognition and strong legal protection of EU geographical indications.”
Socialist MEP Sorin Moisa argued that the indications “are so central to the ‘European way’” that without including them in TTIP, “I would not even bother to continue the negotiation, as the final product would be unsaleable, even to some of the keenest supporters.”
The Greek government is worried about the protection of its traditional cheese in TTIP — and frequently brings that up in a round of the 28 EU ambassadors, which prepares meetings and conclusions of the countries' ministers.
“There's not a single TTIP debate in which the Greek colleague does not raise his concerns on Feta,” said a senior European diplomat.
But with both fronts hardened, negotiators are struggling to find a compromise.
“If the Canadians can do compromises, the U.S. can as well” — MEP Daniel Caspary
“We won’t complete TTIP without a deal on geographical indications. It will not be approved by the Council or the Parliament unless we get protection,” a Commission source said at the end of the 13th TTIP negotiation round last month. The level of protection the U.S. is offering under its trademark system “is not very high,” the source added, but hinted at an eventual compromise under which Washington would beef up its trademark proposal.
There are 1,341 protected food names and 1,750 wine names in Europe, but the Commission is asking for a priority list of around 200 to be included in TTIP — based upon suggestions made by EU countries — plus the 17 wines from the 2006 deal. In its recently concluded trade deal with Canada, the EU got 145 of its most important food name protections included, and another deal with Vietnam includes 169.
“The Canada deal already provides a good threshold we should at least aim for,” said MEP Daniel Caspary, who is a trade specialist in the European People's Party. “If the Canadians can do compromises, the U.S. can as well.”
According to legal expert Quick, who also heads the German Chemical Industry Association's Brussels office, the EU's biggest problem is that it has struggled to make the U.S. a counteroffer that could make a such a compromise more palatable.
“The Americans have strong interest in getting a better offer for accessing Europe's service market or to export more beef,” he said. “Both are very hot issues for us, where we have clear red lines and little margin to offer more.”
Victoria Guida contributed to this article. | <urn:uuid:8c27f92c-11ab-4693-8ff0-b01e3093c114> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.politico.eu/article/transatlantic-trade-deal-could-be-bogged-down-by-feta-cheese-ttip-champagne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952838 | 1,537 | 1.890625 | 2 |
You may already know that you need to get a new pair of glasses, but before you go out and buy them, find out which frames are best for your face shape.
Types of Glasses
There are a few different types of glasses that can be found on the market today. Here we will discuss two of the most common types: frame glasses and contact lenses.
Frame glasses are typically made from plastic or metal and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are typically easy to put on and take off, making them perfect for everyday use.
Contact lenses, on the other hand, are inserted into the eye through a small incision. This allows for a more natural look when wearing glasses or contacts, as compared to wearing traditional frame glasses. Contact lenses can also be worn during activities such as swimming or skiing, as they do not get in the way.
Cheaper Alternatives To Small Frame Glasses
If you’re on the hunt for cheaper alternatives to small frame glasses, you’re in luck. Here are four great options to consider:
- Sunglasses. Not only are sunglasses a great option for those who don’t need prescription glasses, they’re also a great way to save money. You can find a wide variety of sunglasses at any store, and many of them are very affordable. Plus, you can always find a good deal on sunglasses online.
- Glasses from Costco or Sam’s Club. These stores are well-known for their large selection of items, and they often have discounted prices on glasses as well. Just be sure to compare prices before making a purchase.
- Eye doctor’s office. If you have regular eye exams scheduled with your eye doctor, don’t forget to ask about discount rates on small frame glasses. Many doctors offer discounts on small frame glasses as part of their standard package deal.
- eBay or Craigslist. If you’re looking for used small frame glasses, eBay and Craigslist are two great options. Just be sure to do your research first and check out the ratings and reviews of the sellers before making a purchase.
Why You Should Buy A Pair Of Small Frame Glasses
You may be thinking that large-framed glasses are the way to go when it comes to sunglasses. After all, they offer more coverage and seem to look better on most faces. But if you’re looking for sunglasses that will make you look your best, consider buying a pair of small frame glasses. Here are four reasons why you should do this:
- They’ll Fit More Faces Than Large-Frame Glasses. With their smaller frames, small frame glasses will fit a wider range of faces than large-frame glasses will. This means that they’ll be more versatile when it comes to styling and can be worn with more outfits.
- They’re Less Likely To Cause Eyestrain or Constricted Vision. Because small frame glasses are designed to be less imposing, they’re less likely to cause eyestrain or constricted vision. If you have focal problems or difficulty seeing above the top of your glasses, small frame glasses may be a better option for you.
- They’ll Look Better On Most Faces Than Large-Frame Glasses Will. Even if your face isn’t exactly average in terms of size, chances are good that | <urn:uuid:b0cba1ab-385d-4605-a3b1-46f9980f49d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://starsfact.com/how-to-findthe-best-small-frame-glasses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936607 | 692 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Austin and San Antonio, Texas, are renowned for their beautiful sunsets and gorgeous nights. With the weather starting to warm up, you and your family may be looking to spend less time indoors and more time enjoying a relaxing evening under the stars. Without proper outdoor lighting, however, your time outside may be too dark for comfort, or the lights may be stealing the show from the gorgeous surrounding nature. The best way to ensure that your outdoor lighting temperature is just right is to follow this Outdoor LED lighting temperature guide from your trusted experts at Enhanced Outdoor Lighting & Design.
What Is LED Color Temperature?
Color temperature is a measurement that describes the appearance of light that comes from a light bulb. It is measured in degrees of Kelvin (K) and uses a scale between 1,000 to 10,000. The temperature of commercial and residential outdoor lighting typically falls anywhere between 2000K to 6500 K.
A Brief History of Color Temperature
The measurement of color temperature began in the late 1800s with William Kelvin as he experimented with heat and a block of carbon. As the carbon was heated, William Kelvin noticed that it produced an array of colors. The colors changed as the carbon block became hotter. The lower the temperature, the warmer the light appeared.
At the beginning of the experiment, the light was a dim red and it continued to evolve from yellow, to white, to finally a bright blue-white as the temperature continued to increase. The change of color was caused by how the carbon used the energy. The lower temperatures caused most of the energy to be converted to heat, while the higher temperatures converted the energy to light.
Why Is Color Temperature Important for Outdoor Lighting?
Depending on where a bulb’s color temperature falls on the scale, a light’s appearance may be warmer or cooler. This is important for outdoor lighting as different areas of your outdoor space will look their best at different color temperatures.
The lower the temperature, the warmer the appearance of the light. The higher the temperature, the cooler it looks. Remember, it is important to note that color temperature is a lighting industry term to describe the appearance of the light, not the actual temperature that the bulb needs to be to create that light.
Here are some of the most popular color temperatures here at Outdoor LED lighting and how they are most often applied:
Very Warm White (2200K)
Also known as candlelight, this color temperature is the lowest temperature for white light. This type of LED color temperature is used to create a romantic atmosphere for your outdoor space. This shade is typically used for more low-key lighting where there is already another light source or where light that is too bright would be distracting. Some common areas where this color temperature can be found are outdoor fireplaces or outdoor spas.
Warm White (2700 K)
This color temperature creates a welcoming and friendly atmosphere that many homeowners and business owners prefer for their outdoor space. It is most commonly used near entryways of buildings or outdoor spaces.
Warm or Natural White (3000K)
This color temperature has a noticeably cooler appearance than the previous two temperatures mentioned. LED lights with this color temperature are most often used in gardens as they help highlight the beautiful greens and other natural hues of outdoor plants. With LED lighting, you can also rest assured that your plants will not suffer from burns as these bulbs do not emit heat like their incandescent and halogen counterparts.
Cool White (4000-4200K)
If you are looking for a more bluish tint to your light, cool white lights around 4000K may be the best choice for you. These lights imitate moonlight, which is good for gardens or lighting trees. This shade helps capture the minute details of leaves and vines, making them stand out and creating a pleasing visual aesthetic.
What About Security Lighting?
While security lighting can double as aesthetic lighting for your household, its primary purpose is to ensure that guests can easily navigate your property while reducing potential hiding spaces for intruders. Security lighting traditionally uses light temperatures that are around 4600K-6500K. Lights closer to 4600K are often used for path lighting or porch lighting as they help chase away shadows without being too blinding.
Spotlights are traditionally closer to 6500K as they create a wide expanse of light to ensure that homeowners can see all parts of their landscape when needed.
Need Help Finding the Perfect Temperature for Your Austin or San Antonio Home?
If you’re looking to get the perfect lighting installed on your landscape, contact Enhanced Outdoor Lighting & Design. We’ll come up with an outdoor lighting design that will highlight all the best features of your yard and install lights with the best color temperature for each element. Contact our team today for more information on our lighting services or to schedule an appointment. | <urn:uuid:66d13129-7b5e-4849-9d91-e056f22cba3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.enhancedoutdoorlighting.com/exterior-lighting/best-color-temperature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.941704 | 982 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Living in the era of the internet has its advantages and disadvantages. While connecting us to the entire world over calls, messages, photos, and more, it also exposes us to dangers and malicious intentions and content.
While surfing the internet, browsing sites, downloading games, or doing anything, they might to exposed to a lot of other things, like viruses, phishing sites, adult sites, or many malicious programs, which in turn compromise your kid’s safety. However, we adults understand this, but kids have a tough time dealing with all these. Therefore, you must check on what your kid visits, sends, receives, and much more.
RELATED: How Parental Control Apps Can Help Parents
What is parental control? Why it matters?
Parental Control is one feature that helps you check your kids’ smartphone usage, controlling or observing what they surf or do on the internet. Credits to the availability of this feature, you can easily control what your child views and downloads without having to keep a check on his phone every time. Some stats that show why it matters:
- There has been a 70% increase in cyberbullying/hate speech on the internet since Covid Lockdown Began
- 71% of young generations say they are concerned about cyberbullying
- 4 in 10 minors (40%) said they had been approached online by someone they believe was attempting ‘to befriend and manipulate’ them, with 47% of teen girls saying they have experienced this.
- 79% of parents use controls currently or in the past; 2/3 of parents are unsatisfied with the tools they need to keep kids safe online.
- 71% of teens admit to blocking parents with social media privacy settings, using private browsing, disabling parental controls, or having e-mail or social media accounts unknown to parents)
- 2 in 3 (65%) minors said they have experienced an online-only contact to invite them ‘to move from a public chat into a private conversation on a different platform.’
- Many teens said they had seen non-consensually shared privileged information of other teens.
The above is just the start; there are things we cannot mention here; however, you can do your research. All this requires you to closely watch over your child’s internet activities. Since they do not understand what is good or what is bad for them and many people and organizations exploit this for their own benefit.
So, let us see how you can set up parental control settings on the smartphone. But before you proceed to set up parental controls, you should follow these tips.
Keeping your and your child’s phone updated and secure
To stay safe on the internet, it is necessary that you regularly update your phone and apps, as well as your child’s. Updated devices and apps make sure that there are no loose ends that expose your data and even keep you safe from malware. The steps to do so are:
Updating the device
- Open Settings -> About Phone.
- Here you will see your Android Info, tap on it and then Check for Updates.
- If updates are available, go on and install them. If not, you are good to go.
The steps are the same for every device. However, in place of About Phone, you might see System Info or System Update.
Updating your apps
- Open Play Store on your device.
- Now tap on your Profile and then Manage Apps and Device.
- You will see either ‘Updates Available’ or All Apps Up to date
- If you see the former, tap on Update All else, all your apps are up to date, and you are good to go.
If you are on an unlimited network connection, we suggest auto-updates so that you do not always have to do this.
Set a screen lock
Applying a screen lock makes sure that only you and your child can access the device. Also, do instruct your child not to share passcodes and passwords with anyone. The steps to do so are:
- Open Settings -> Security (or Passwords & Security).
- Now you will see different Screen Lock
- Choose according to what you think will be the best to remember and hard at the same time and done.
How to setup parental controls in Android device?
Parental Controls can be set in diverse ways, either using specific apps or for the entire device. Depending on where you want to control your child’s usage, you can use separate ways.
Setting parental control in Play Store
Parental Controls can be set up in the Play Store to prevent your child from downloading content above their age. The steps to set it up are:
- Open Play Store.
- Tap on your Profile -> Settings.
- Under Family and Parental Controls and toggle it on.
- Set up a PIN when asked and proceed with the prompts.
Now every time an age-restricted content is accessed, this PIN will be required. This setting works in Play Store and Google Films.
Setting parental control in other apps
In the era of online content, kids also watch videos, cartoons, and shows on different platforms like Netflix, Prime Video, YouTube, and more. But they also have age-restricted content you will not want your child to see.
Now, the steps to set up parental settings in such apps are different; therefore, we cannot mention them all. However, you can always visit the apps help central and Search for Parental Control setup. They have more detailed info.
Top parental control apps
When it comes to your child’s safety, nothing is enough. Therefore, we are discussing apps specially built to keep track of your child’s internet activity. The special thing about these apps is that they track much more data than and hence allow better
KidsGuard by ClevGuard is an excellent app to keep your kids safe online by keeping astonishing track of what they do, what they watch, whom they text, who they call, etc. The tracked data is all stored online in ClevGuard’s server so it can be accessed from anywhere; also, it runs in stealth mode, so your child will never know.
It is a premium app with a monthly plan of $29.95 and a yearly plan of $99.95. Read our full KidGuard Pro review for more.
- Location Tracking
- Call History and recordings
- SMS Monitoring
- Social App Monitoring
- App Activities
- Check online search and Watch History
- Record Screen
- Stealth Mode – Hidden from your child
- Easy-to-use and understand
- No root required
- Set Risky keywords for instant alerts
- Data sync issues sometimes
- The interface could be better
One of the best ways to set up parental controls is by using Google Family Link. Google Family Link is a Google app that allows you to establish control over your child’s phone.
- Download Google Family Link on your phone and your child’s phone.
- Make sure your child has a Google account. If not, create one. Also, you can create a Google Account using the Family Link app.
- Open Google Family Link, and now the app will guide you with the much-detailed steps. Follow them to set up parental controls on your child’s device.
- Block or Unblock an App
- Set Approval Request for new apps
- See and Set Screen Time
- See and Change App Permissions and set them only to Parent Control
- Set Purchase Limits
- Check App Activity
- Lock and Unlock your Child’s Device
- Check Location
- Good for Location tracking
- Managing Chrome Sites
- Great for Control over all Google Apps
- Not useful for apps other than Google Apps
- Limited, only controls basic activities
- Not useful for third-party applications
Bark is one of the best apps to keep a much-detailed track of your child’s social media activity. It is dedicated to keeping track of Gmail, iCloud, Outlook, Kik, WhatsApp, Instagram, and many more apps. Bark uses a trend-based AI system to see if your child is getting into something bad.
This is because most of the crimes are being conducted through social media, where kids are being brainwashed and asked for their private info, then blackmailed, and so on. Bark is priced at $99 annually.
- 30+ app support
- View messages and e-mails
- Web and social media filtering
- Location Updates
- 24/7 Alerts if illicit and unsafe patterns found
- Award Winning Dashboard
- Filter Websites
- Check-in Alerts
- Regular safety and parenting tips
- No Geo-Fencing
- Numerous Alerts
- Only social media and E-mail Support
RELATED: Best Android Monitoring & Tracking Apps
Additional safety for your child
We all know that it depends on how you raise your child, with what expectations and teachings. But for a child aged 13-14 years, you cannot expect much and cannot even trust his words and actions because kids are often afraid and think what they are doing is correct. It is never too easy since there are a lot of different factors to look over, therefore some additional tips you can follow are:
- Setting Data Limits.
- Tracking Mobile, Wi-Fi and App data usage.
- Teach them about Privacy and Protection
- Instruct them to prevent from clicking on Pop-ups
- Listen to your Child if he/she tells you about something related to their online activity
- Do not allow them to shop online without supervision
- Teach them to never meet some they met online without your permission
- Teach them to never share personal details like phone number, images, family details, school details and addresses.
- Teach them to tell you if they receive threatening emails, messages or posts.
- Use strong passwords and tell them to never share it with anyone other than parents.
The above tips would help you keep your child safe even better because it is better to teach them since you cannot track every aspect of their life. With this, we hope you learned the apps and tips to keep your child safe over the internet. Let us meet again with something new. | <urn:uuid:498069d0-8fdc-4f68-9c15-ac934b9ac7e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thesweetbits.com/blog/parental-controls-on-android/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.931005 | 2,153 | 2.75 | 3 |
LGBTQ+ Supporting Cache Valley Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, Pansexual, 2-spirit, plus (LGBTQIAP2+) communities andhttps://utahpridecenter.org
Advance Directives Any adult client who is capable has the right to make a declaration of preferences or instructions regarding their mental health treatment. An Advance Directive is a declaration that allows, or disallows, mental health treatment.
Circle of Security (COS) Offers specialized support and resources that address the unique challenges of parenting children who have been traumatized or have attachment difficulties.
Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation Research-based website for parents of children with bipolar disorder that offers parents the latest information as well as parent-to-parent mentorship. Access to the site requires an annual fee.
Open Excellence Global community foundation website that provides the infrastructure for interested parties to pool resources to fund recovery-based programs and research.
Mentalhelp.net Provides comprehensive mental health and illness information on topics such as depression, bipolar disorder, suicide, anxiety, addiction, schizophrenia and more.
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Offers self-help support and advocacy resources and information for consumers, families and friends of people with severe mental illnesses. NAMI is a not-for-profit, grassroots organization.
Mental Health America (MHA) Community-based, non-profit website promoting mental health, preventing mental disorders and achieving victory over mental illnesses through advocacy, education, research and service.
National Runaway Safeline (NRS) Here to listen. Here to help. Provides resources, information and support to keep America’s runaway, homeless and at-risk youth safe and off the streets.
Facilities and restrooms are accessible to individuals with developmental disabilities. Special accommodations may be provided prior to or during treatment upon request by contacting (435) 752-0750.
Bear River Mental Health Services, Inc. is a National Health Service Corps approved site.
No one will be denied access to services, due to inability to pay, age, race, color, national origin, language, cultural background, marital status, developmental disability, language, sexual orientation, gender identity, or religion.
There is a discounted/sliding fee schedule available for those who qualify. | <urn:uuid:9ffca294-8663-4ee9-94a7-2cdac8b8495c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brmh.com/resources/self-help-resources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.901774 | 481 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Generation ZERØGRAND II is the inaugural product of Cole Haan’s new Change Forward™ initiative for Sustainable Innovation and Natural Design. Change Forward™ represents the Company’s intention to better themselves and the world around them by actively seeking naturally derived or recycled materials for many of its product components. This initiative also, formally, extends work the Company has undertaken over the past several years to reduce waste throughout its supply chain, such as introducing recycled materials in packaging and shipping cartons.
Going forward, all Cole Haan products labeled SUSTAINABLE will include a minimum of 25% naturally derived or recycled content by weight.
Jack Boys, CEO of Cole Haan, said, “We believe we all need to do our part to protect our planet. Cole Haan has always been and is, now, publicly committed to do our part in contributing to positive change going forward. This is how we work for what we believe in. And, more than ever, saving Mother Earth requires a sense of urgency. While we know our sustainable Generation ZERØGRAND II product delivers the all-day performance our customers have come to expect, we also urge everyone to choose sustainable products in all aspects of their lives, regardless of the brand or retailer.”
Generation ZERØGRAND II is a revolutionary product from the ground up. Its outsole is fabricated with patent pending FlowerFoam made from a minimum of 25% natural dandelion rubber. The lightweight FlowerFoam outsole helps to absorb impact while delivering all-day responsive cushioning and energy return.
“Cole Haan has pioneered a sustainable, performance outsole made from natural dandelion rubber,” says David Maddocks, Brand President, Cole Haan. “We have been redefining footwear for nearly a century and we’ve always sought to bring innovative products to our consumers. Today, and tomorrow, we’re now innovating for their environment through our Change Forward initiative. Our entire company is excited to bring this product to market and transform our product line through this initiative.”
There’s more to Generation ZERØGRAND II than it’s flower power. Its upper includes vegan microfiber suede made with 21% recycled content and reconstituted felt fabric made with 85% recycled plastic bottles (rPET). The laces are made from 100% rPET. The Ortholite® Hybrid™ footbed is made with 5% recycled rubber, 15% production waste foam and a fabric topsheet made from 100% rPET. As with all Cole Haan products, Generation ZERØGRAND II adheres to the Cole Haan philosophy of Natural Design, which focuses on four primary benefits: Natural Motion, Responsive Cushioning, Energy Return, and Breathability.
Scott Patt, Chief Creative Officer of Cole Haan adds, “This is a significant step for the Cole Haan brand after setting the pace for innovation within our space for the past several years. With FlowerFoam™ technology and our charter to create products with more naturally derived and recycled components, we are expanding our Natural Design philosophy to marry our beautiful, versatile products with the sustainability requirements our consumers have come to expect.”
Generation ZERØGRAND II and more sustainable offerings are available on ColeHaan.com and in select US and International stores starting today, February 10, 2022. The men’s and women’s sizes are offered in a broad range of colors and retail for $130 USD, with more innovation set to deliver for seasons to come.
About Cole Haan
Cole Haan is a global performance lifestyle brand serving always-connected, active professionals with innovative footwear and lifestyle accessories. With a 90-year heritage, Cole Haan infuses its products with time-honored craftsmanship and modern innovation, making footwear and lifestyle accessories that customers wear from work, to workout, to weekend. Cole Haan’s mission is to inspire customers to live extraordinary lives.
For more information, contact:
SOURCE Cole Haan | <urn:uuid:3add89c7-3ecb-4172-b0d2-c659002b0aaf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://green-reporter.com/cole-haan-takes-a-step-forward-in-sustainability-with-generation-zerogrand-ii-featuring-flowerfoam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.932878 | 859 | 1.5 | 2 |
Snowy Range Scenic Byway
Snowy Range Scenic Byway crosses the Medicine Bow Mountain Range of southern Wyoming, taking travelers close enough to Medicine Bow Peak to feel the chill from its year-round glaciers. Even deep into summer, it is easy to see how the Snowy Range got its name. Glistening white remnants of last winter’s blizzards cap the 12,000 ft peaks. The byway includes the 27 mile portion of WY Highway 130 that crosses the Medicine Bow National Forest.
The two-lane highway (WY 130) leads over the second highest mountain pass in Wyoming and takes the traveler from low-land sagebrush prairie to a high-altitude alpine environment. The many lakes and streams in the area are home to rainbow trout, brook trout and Wyoming’s only native trout, the cutthroat. Wildflowers carpet the alpine meadows throughout the summer.
A number of turn-outs allow the traveler to experience the mountains, whether it is listening to the marmots whistling amongst their community at Libby Flats, taking the short trail over a mountain stream at Lake Marie, or watching hummingbirds at the Brush Creek Visitor’s Center. Wildlife is abundant throughout the byway.
The seasonal pass usually opens by Memorial Day weekend and closes about mid-October. The Byway can be reached by exiting Interstate 80 at Laramie or at Walcott Junction and Saratoga/Encampment. Driving time depends on the interests of the visitor. Driving straight through during the summer will take about an hour. The route rises to a height of 10,847 ft above sea level.
Battle Highway Scenic Highway
Battle Highway Scenic Highway (WY Highway 70) goes from Encampment over the Sierra Madre Range within the Medicine Bow National Forest. Approximately 10 miles west of Encampment is the location of Battle, one of many ghost towns in the Sierra Madres, which also is home to the towns of Redefeha, Dillon, Rambler, and Copperton.
Two miles west of the Continental Divide is a turnout overlooking Battle Lake and a monument to Thomas A. Edison. While vacationing here in 1878, Edison threw a broken bamboo fishing pole in the fire and was intrigued by the way the frayed pieces glowed. These observations supposedly gave Edison the idea on how to develop his own design for the light bulb’s filament.
Another attraction of the Sierra Madres is the Aspen Alley. These large stands of quaking aspens moved into the region during the mining era. This particularly famous strand of beautifully flamboyant foliage is most beautiful in the fall and can be reached by turning north on Forest Road 801. The colors generally peak in late September.
From Saratoga, go south on Highway 130 to Highway 230 on to Encampment ( a quick 20 minute trip). From Encampment turn west on Battle Highway (Highway 70) across the Sierra Madre towards Baggs to go to “Aspen Alley” – a beautiful area filled with very tall aspen trees overarching a half mile stretch of dirt road. On Highway 70 leaving Encampment, travel west approximately 25 miles to Deep Creek Road (Forest Road 801). From there you will travel north just .8 miles which will lead right to Aspen Alley. | <urn:uuid:fc6f7a5a-06af-4bd7-878d-a4e2f90325a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saratogachamber.info/play/scenic-byways | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.9243 | 696 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Last July, a group of three teens were setting off fireworks in Washington County one got away and, just like that, the Turkey Farm Road Fire was ignited.
By the time it was done, it burned nearly 12,000 acres, including part of the Red Cliffs National Conservation Area. It cost $2.5 million to fight the blaze, more to rehabilitate the area, and the three teens and one of the parents responsible were criminally charged with use of illegal fireworks and obstruction of justice.
But really, the Turkey Farm fire was not all that unique.
In Draper, teens playing with a Roman candle late last June sparked the Traverse Mountain fire, threatening neighborhoods in both Draper and Lehi.
Fireworks were blamed for starting 68 fires last year. Still, every year, the fireworks stands pop up, the ads begin airing encouraging people to make the short drive to Evanston, and some part of the state inevitable ends up burning.
This year, with the worst drought in 50 years and record high temperatures, the trees and grass are as dry as they’ve ever been, making the fire risk especially acute.
We need to ban fireworks statewide and to devote resources to enforcing the ban. But that won’t happen, thanks to the Republican Legislature.
Gov. Spencer Cox said Thursday that, if he could, he would ban fireworks in areas with exceptional drought, currently 97% of the state, but his legal counsel informed him Wednesday night that the Legislature has denied him the power to do that.
“I would have imposed a fireworks ban. What I think should happen, I think we should impose a ban statewide and allow communities to designate safe zones where they want to have fireworks allowed,” Cox said in his monthly PBS Utah news conference. “I’ve told the Legislature I think it’s a terrible idea not to have additional restrictions this year. They haven’t shown any interest in doing anything more around that.”
So when Utah burns this year — because it will burn — and fireworks are the cause, you can put at least part of the blame on the Utah Legislature.
Local mayors and city councils are trying to step up and protect residents’ lives and property. But, again, the Utah Legislature — in its infinite wisdom and infinite love of things that go “boom” — have limited how and where those restrictions can be imposed.
Under the law, municipalities can only restrict fireworks in areas bordering forests and wildlands or areas where the local fire marshal says hazardous conditions exist.
Like Cox, Millcreek Mayor Jeff Silvestrini said if he could he would ban fireworks everywhere in the city this year. It’s just that dry. But the town’s leaders are still going to push the restrictions as far as they can possibly go under the law.
Normally, Millcreek has prohibited fireworks east of Wasatch Boulevard, basically just in the area right at the foothills and the mouths of Millcreek and Parleys canyons. This year, the council plans to ban fireworks everywhere east of 900 East — the same street Salt Lake City uses for its ban.
“This is an exceptional year,” he said. “The humidity in the fuels is so low, the concern is we could have an urban conflagration like they had in those towns by Medford, Oregon.”
He’s talking about the Alameda Fire, which ignited near the towns of Talent and Phoenix, jumped from tree-to-tree, devastating the two towns. By the time it was done, thousands of people had to be evacuated, the fire burned 3,200 acres, destroyed 3,000 buildings and killed three people.
A lot of cities have already adopted restrictions, and places like American Fork, Bluffdale, Brigham City, Farmington. Cottonwood Heights, Sandy, Murray and others have them in the works.
Salt Lake City, as in years past, has banned fireworks in the foothills surrounding the city.
“The administration has done all it can do under the current state statute,” said Lindsay Nikola, spokeswoman for Mayor Erin Mendenhall, “but we would absolutely be supportive of state-wide action on personal firework use, or options within the statute to do more during years of extreme drought and fire danger.”
Millcreek’s council will formally adopt their restrictions at a council meeting later this month, but Silvestrini is trying to get the word out to people early, before they buy fireworks, because he knows that once they do, they’re going to set them off — whether or not there’s a ban on the books.
And there are those, as we saw with mask mandates during COVID, who are petulant and obnoxious enough they will probably set of more fireworks if they are told they can’t.
Which raises the issue of enforcement.
Firework bans are only effective if people abide by them voluntarily or if they are aggressively enforced — and that isn’t easy to do.
A few years ago, Silvestrini said, he was watching a neighbor shooting fireworks off a balcony that started a fire behind Eastwood Elementary, threatening to burn up to the base of Grandeur Peak. Crews got the fire out, but when investigators knocked on the door, the guy said he hadn’t been lighting fireworks and, no, they couldn’t look inside his house without a warrant.
“A lot of times they feel like they’re chasing ghosts,” the mayor said. “It’s really hard to enforce, but we will be attempting to do so.”
Unified Police and Unified Fire will have joint teams patrolling for illegal fireworks, which is good — but still not enough.
As much as I hate to encourage people to rat on their neighbors, it may be the only realistic way to have the eyes and ears where we need them. The risk is that great and the consequences that severe.
Or, we can actually do the right thing and forego the obnoxious blasts and sparks for the sake of our neighbors and our community.
“We just went through a pandemic where people made a lot of sacrifices,” Silvestrini said. “We are capable of making sacrifices. And it’s not too much to ask, in order to avoid burning our city down, to cool it on fireworks this year.” | <urn:uuid:61be06da-486a-4349-bce0-e0eb531a4a74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2021/06/17/ban-fireworks-bust-utahns/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966265 | 1,346 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The Phase Change Matters e-mail newsletter is a weekly summary of the latest news and research on phase change materials and thermal energy storage. To subscribe, visit www.puretemp.com/subscribe. For more frequent updates, follow @puretemp on Twitter or visit the Phase Change Matters blog, www.puretemp.com/pcmatters.
PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS
RAL Quality Association PCM works to spread word on phase change material
The RAL Quality Association PCM was established in 2004 to develop standards for the phase change material industry. Its European focus is reflected in its member list: BASF, Rubitherm, EMCO and va-Q-tec (Germany); Salca and global-E-systems (Netherlands); and Croda (United Kingdom). Sasol (South Africa) and Pluss Advanced Technologies (India) are also members.
The annual membership fee is 4,000 euros plus a one-time admission fee of 2,000 euros. Members and non-members alike can submit their products to the association for independent testing and earn the RAL Quality Mark.
But the RAL Quality Association PCM does more than establish performance standards and conduct tests. We asked Stefan Thomann, the association’s managing director, to speak in detail about the organization’s objectives and the benefits of membership. He kindly responded by e-mail:
“Generally speaking,” he explained, “our association has two key objectives”:
1. Influencing the political landscape in the EU in favor of PCM
“The European Union has set ambitious targets in their 2020 Energy Strategy: reducing [greenhouse gas] emissions by 20%, increasing the share of renewable energy to 20% of consumption and achieve energy savings of 20% as minimum targets. The buildings sector is the one in which the largest savings in energy consumption and [greenhouse gas] emissions could be achieved. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD; http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency/buildings) from 2010 was certainly a step into the right direction, requiring Member States to set minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings and buildings undergoing deep-renovation.
“One of our key points of criticism is that the EPBD and its national transpositions do pay a lot attention on insulation and efficient heating systems, but do not (sufficiently) address the problem of overheating and thermal comfort in summer. With the modern way of lightweight building these problems will undoubtedly increase or require cooling systems that will spend parts of the saved energy. Both you and I know that PCM would be a perfect solution via passive cooling systems or by combining HVAC systems with PCM. But unfortunately neither the EPBD nor 95% of its national transpositions allow to count PCM as an appropriate means of saving energy and getting incentives for them. We are intensively working on changing this at the moment, both on EU and national level.
“Another interesting aspect in terms of the Energy Strategy is promoting the use of thermal storages based on PCM. Since heat (or cold) is usually the form in which energy is needed, it makes sense to efficiently store thermal energy instead of inefficiently store electricity. This would help increasing the use of renewable energy by storing it from when it is available until when it is actually needed.”
2. Promoting the use of high-quality PCM
“The other key objective is to provide high-quality PCM for the various applications, independently certified by the RAL Quality Mark. If customers decide to use PCM in their applications, they want to be 100% sure that the products perform in the way the supplier promised they would and continuously do over their anticipated lifetime. For this reason, we developed Quality and Testing specifications (RAL-GZ 896) for PCM and PCM composites, objects and systems.
“If manufacturers of PCM comply with the Quality and Testing specifications and can prove the continuous quality with an internal and external monitoring systems, they can use the RAL Quality Mark for their products as a well-acknowledged and independent proof of quality. …
“In my opinion, there is no better way to convince customers of the [value of] high-quality products compared to inferior but cheaper ones than having their long-lasting effectiveness independently confirmed and documented by the RAL Quality Mark. Although the RAL Quality Association is located in Germany, it is open for companies from all over the world and the Quality Mark can just as well be used in all countries – it is not limited to the German market.
“Apart from the actual use of the Quality Mark, I would say that the biggest benefit of being member is the close contact to some of the leading companies producing and applying high-quality PCM and products with PCM and to the European research facilities that are active in this area. [Members] have the right to attend all our General Assembly Meetings – which are about 3 per year at the moment – and to vote on all decisions … [and] shape the future of the Quality Mark and PCM in general.”
Garment steaming device with PCM
U.S. patent application 20150330014 (applicant Koninklijke Philips N.V., Netherlands:
“The present application relates to a garment steaming device. The garment steaming device comprises a steam generator (20) having a heater (22) and an ironing surface (32) against which a fabric of a garment is locatable. An intermediate section (50) is disposed between the steam generator and the ironing surface to transfer heat from the steam generator to the ironing surface so that the ironing surface is indirectly heated by the steam generator via the intermediate section. The operating temperature of the ironing surface is not user selectable during use. … The intermediate section may comprise a body having at least one cavity containing a phase change material. The phase change material may be in one phase which will enable high thermal transmittance when the ironing surface temperature is low, for example, at 100° C. The phase change material will be in another phase which will enable low thermal transmittance when the ironing surface temperature is high, for example, at 145° C.”
U.S. patent application 20150328615 (applicant Appvion Inc., Appleton, Wis.):
“Spray drying microcapsules with particulates, the microcapsules that result from such spray drying, and compositions and methods of making said compositions including the spray-dried microcapsules. … Some or all of the microcapsules … can encapsulate a core material that includes one or more benefit agents. The benefit agent(s) can include one or more of chromogens, dyes, antibacterial agents, cooling sensates, warming sensates. perfumes, flavorants, sweeteners, oils, pigments, pharmaceuticals, moldicides, herbicides, fertilizers, phase change materials, adhesives, and any other kind of benefit agent known in the art, in any combination.”
“Early bird” registration is open for the 2016 Energy Innovation Summit in Washington, D.C. The annual conference, hosted by ARPA-E and the U.S. Energy Department, brought together more than 2,000 entrepreneurs, researchers, industry leaders and government officials in 2015.
Advanced Cooling Technologies and the Electric Power Research Institute, which are developing PCM-based dry-cooling technologies for thermoelectric power plants, are among the 184 showcase participants now listed for this year’s summit.
Registration rates for the Feb. 29-March 1 conference will increase by $100 after Dec. 1. Graduate students seeking a complimentary pass must apply by Dec. 4.
• South African mines are using ice-based cooling systems to manage excessive heat. At depths approaching 3000 meters, temperatures can soar to 60° Celsius. Ice provides far more cooling energy than traditional water-based systems.
• Where to store all that intermittent wind-, water- and solar-generated energy? Stanford and University of California-Berkeley researchers suggest putting it underground.
• For the first time, emerging economies installed more renewable energy capacity than did wealthier nations last year, according to a new report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance.
• Zeolite-filled tanks designed to meet the solar-energy storage demands of a single-family household are yielding promising results in Austria. “We reached a storage density of 180 kWh/m³, which has never been achieved before in a device of this size,” said Wim van Helden, head of the research project at AEE INTEC.
• EnergyNest says it is encouraged by the initial results of its thermal energy storage pilot at Masdar Institute of Science and Technology‘s concentrated solar power installation in Abu Dhabi. The findings were presented at the CSP Today conference in Spain earlier this month.
For our full list of recent academic research, see puretemp.com/academic. Here are highlights from the past week:From Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews:
• Passive thermal control in residential buildings using phase change materials
From Energy and Buildings:
• Single layer mortars with microencapsulated PCM: Study of physical and thermal properties, and fire behaviour
• Experimental and Numerical Study on Thermal Energy Storage of Polyethylene Glycol/Expanded Graphite Composite Phase Change Material
• Experimental and numerical studies of hybrid PCM embedded in plastering mortar for enhanced thermal behaviour of buildings
From International Journal of Hydrogen Energy:
• Integration of phase change materials in compressed hydrogen gas systems: Modelling and parametric analysis
More than 440 of your peers have joined a new LinkedIn group devoted to the discussion of phase change material and thermal energy storage. The Phase Change Matters group is an interactive complement to the award-winning blog and newsletter of the same name.
You are invited to join the group and connect with PCM and TES experts from around the world. New members this week include Michael Cecchini of ECOterra Energy Consulting, Albuquerque, N.M.; Rob Falken, an inventor from Carlsbad, Calif.; and Reshma Ramakrishnan, a textile professional from Mumbai, India.
Two Entropy Solutions advisors, Dr. Mohammed Farid of the University of Auckland and Lucas B. Hyman of Goss Engineering, are ready to answer your questions about phase change material and thermal energy storage. We’ll select the best questions sent to firstname.lastname@example.org and post the answers here each Friday. | <urn:uuid:5c6ef9f3-f2e8-43f2-9aff-aafffcfff2de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://puretemp.com/?p=2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92053 | 2,226 | 1.796875 | 2 |
- Fiona Oakes
- 23:27:40 hour(s):minute(s):second(s)
- Brazil (Rio)
The fastest aggregate time to complete a marathon on each continent (female) is 23 hr 27 min 40 sec and was achieved by Fiona Oakes (UK) from 11 August 2013 to 27 July 2014.
Oakes previously held the record with an aggregate time of 26 hr 18 min 43 sec. Oakes originally completed a marathon in South America in 6 hr 39 sec. She ran a different marathon in South America the following year -- the Rio Marathon -- and shaved 2 hr 51 min 3 sec off of her time for a new seven continent aggregate time that clocked in under 24 hours. | <urn:uuid:bf227f3e-dd3b-4c26-8d85-1f9f6474e8d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/fastest-time-to-complete-a-marathon-on-each-continent-aggregate-(female) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943202 | 162 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Why is it better to work in fall restraint than fall arrest?
This Week on Dynamic Discussions
On this week’s episode of Dynamic Discussions, Greg and David tell us why it’s better to work in fall restraint rather than fall arrest. Fall arrest is when a worker is tied-off to a personal fall arrest system and has the ability to fall over an edge. Active fall restraint is when a worker is tied-off to a personal fall arrest system and cannot reach an edge. Passive fall restraint is when a worker physically cannot get over an edge because of a barrier, like guardrail.
The hierarchy of fall protection outlines the preferred methods of fall safety. In order of most preferred to least preferred, the elements of the hierarchy or fall protection are:
1. Eliminate the Hazard
2. Passive Fall Restraint
3. Active Fall Restraint
4. Fall Arrest Systems
5. Controlled Access Zones
The Hierarchy of Fall Protection
Fall prevention is the preferred method of protection and that involves completely removing the hazard. Fall restraint is the next most preferred method and that involves adding measures that protect against falling over the hazardous edge. Things like guardrail and safety netting are examples of passive fall restraint protection. Fall arrest is a scenario that involves wearing the components of the personal fall arrest system. Wearing the harness, anchor, and lifeline allow a worker to operate safely at heights and will catch, or arrest, the fall if an accident occurs.
When working at heights, keeping your workers safe from a fall is the number one goal. There are several different ways to achieve this, but one of the most effective and preferred ways is to work in fall restraint.
There are a couple of different types of fall restraint; passive and active.
Passive Fall Restraint
When working in passive fall restraint it is not necessary for the worker to utilize a personal fall arrest system (PFAS). Passive fall restraint focuses on guarding edges and other fall hazards with a designed or manufactured solution that would prevent a worker from exposing themselves to a fall hazard.
Guardrails are a good example of a passive fall restraint solution.
Active Fall Restraint
Active fall restraint involves the worker wearing a full body harness and complete personal fall arrest system. For example, if you are 4 feet from the edge, you’ll have a 2-3 ft. lanyard so you can’t reach the edge. That is what you would use with active fall restraint. You can anchor yourself to several different things such as a single anchor point or an engineered fall protection system.
When restraint is not an option, you move to working in fall arrest. When in fall arrest, you can experience a fall and the Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) is designed to arrest a fall and keep the worker as safe as possible.
Fall arrest is used when the worker is exposed to fall hazards. A PFAS is utilized to arrest a fall if one occurs. The key component to arresting a fall is the deceleration device, either a lanyard or self-retracting lifeline. It is important that all workers are trained on the components of the PFAS, and the rescue plan should a situation arise.
So Why Fall Restraint Over Fall Arrest?
The main benefit of working in fall restraint over fall arrest is that the worker doesn’t fall. When working with the hierarchy of fall protection it’s important to eliminate as many steps as possible. If eliminating the hazard is not an option, then working in fall restraint is the next safest practice.
Have a fall protection question?
Submit your question, and you could be featured on Dynamic Discussions! | <urn:uuid:a8d1c2ae-c702-49ba-ab6f-bf898dcf8a07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maltadynamics.com/why-is-it-better-to-work-in-fall-restraint-than-fall-arrest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.915147 | 764 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Even though my company, Altos Research, isn’t actively seeking capital, I had breakfast the other day with a venture guy at Buck’s in Woodside, Calif. VCs can be very useful for strategic advice even if — or, especially when — you don’t want their money. Interestingly, we spent much of the time talking about why Altos should not take venture capital.
From day one my cofounder and I planned to bootstrap Altos, which provides real-time real estate market analytics, but it was really an intuitive decision. I left Woodside pondering how to express the logic behind our bootstrapping choice. I finally hit on the straight answer: taking venture capital actually reduces your odds of success.
I’m talking about your success as founder. This is considerably different than the ultimate success of a company. Maybe I’m romantic, but… I’ll define success for the entrepreneur as 1) creating and leading a viable enterprise and 2) generating a personal financial windfall, what Paul Graham calls, “solving the money problem.”
I am apparently less motivated by the Fame Factor than some. Guess I’d rather be rich than famous. (See: Do you want to be Rich, or be the King?)
I’d also rather be in control.
In a recent INC. article, software entrepreneur Joel Spolsky describes his disinclination to take venture capital as driven by his need to shape his company’s culture. He’s really talking about achieving success while retaining control. (The VentureHacks bloggers point out that raising venture capital is all about control.)
Take a counter example: Jobster’s Jason Goldberg. In four years, he built a smokin’ hot startup, raised tons of venture capital, and lost his job. Maybe Jason will still make money on Jobster, but the chances diminish every day, even if the investors eventually have a payday. Ironically, Jason’s excellent post on his lessons from Jobster has a surprising twist: If he did it again, he writes, he’d have raised more money. I say, he’d still have lost his company.
Here’s how VC math works against you:
We all know venture firms expect just 10% of their portfolio companies to get to “an exit”. This assumes a 90% failure rate for their startups. But the individual founder’s failure rate is even higher because among those companies that achieve an exit, as many as half, like Jobster or Technorati or Tesla recently, suffer “founder-ectomies” at the hands of the investors. When the going gets tough, those in control exert control.
Other founders see their financial stakes diluted along the way — too many hits on the venture capital crack pipe — leaving the investors entitled to most of the gains. I don’t know of any formal studies on this, but my guess is that barely 1% of venture-backed founders achieve financial success by my standard.
If it’s so risky, why raise VC?
Unless you’re building hardware, ASICs, or biotech anything, where you’ll need capital for years before you can sell product one, I say: don’t. (Covering your mortgage is not a good reason to raise venture capital. You need the cash, your company doesn’t.)
So why do founders still do it? Maybe they think it’s the best way to swing for the fences. Maybe they’re blinded by survivorship-bias. But maybe it’s because closing a round of venture capital is easier than selling to customers.
That’s the final nail in the coffin. You can focus on selling the venture capitalist or you can focus on selling to your customers. Business plans get twisted beyond the point of recognition to appease the grand vision of the venture guys. Your product loses focus, your customers lose value. But of course your customers are going to pay the bills over the long haul. It’s them and only them that matter.
One last note. Avoiding venture capital does not mean avoiding investors entirely. There are plenty of financing options, angel, and strategic investors that can provide ready and intelligent capital without the unnecessary risk from traditional venture capital investors. Capital is for paving your road, not for handing over the keys. | <urn:uuid:273a7baa-f814-44b2-90a5-6ab057957a94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://old.gigaom.com/2008/02/22/my-case-against-venture-capital/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.940344 | 923 | 1.625 | 2 |
- Development & Aid
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Wednesday, August 10, 2022
BOGOTA, May 29 2009 (IPS) - Visibly indignant, former Colombian president César Gaviria (1990-1994) denounced this week what he called an “appalling” article in a draft political reform law currently under debate in Congress.
He was referring to “article four, which allows paramilitary chiefs to run for popularly elected posts, to enter into contracts with the state, and to become public employees. They are trying to turn what was knocked down by the Constitutional Court and the Justice and Peace Law into something that is consecrated by the constitution,” said Gaviria, the head of the opposition Liberal Party.
Although article four ended up being removed from the draft political reform law, partly due to the public outcry, the controversy to which it gave rise revived the uneasy sensation that the construction of a paramilitary state in Colombia has been moving forward, step by step.
The article in question was not the first time that Colombia’s far-right paramilitary groups have figured in a privileged position in initiatives put forward by the Colombian government. Shortly after he began his first term, in 2002, rightwing President Álvaro Uribe proposed that Congress issue a general pardon for paramilitaries and allow them to have direct parliamentary representation.
In his second term, which began in 2006, just after the outbreak of the scandal over politicians who benefited at the polls thanks to pressure on voters by the paramilitaries – locally dubbed the “parapoliticans” – the president has promoted measures aimed at securing the release of the numerous members of Congress in prison on charges of having ties to the paramilitary groups.
In a report titled “A las puertas del Ubérrimo” (At the Gates of Ubérrimo – the name of the Uribe family ranch), prominent human rights defenders Iván Cepeda and Jorge Rojas pointed to much earlier signs of the president’s tendency to favour the paramilitaries.
That same year, the then governor justified providing long-range weapons to the Convivir, which were paramilitary groups set up by large landowners to protect their land and livestock, as well as their lives, which were threatened by guerrillas that were harassing rural estates in Antioquia and neighbouring Córdoba.
While Uribe governed Antioquia, from 1995 to 1997, the mutual admiration between the governor and the leaders of these groups was clearly evident. According to Uribe, they were “a transparent model” and “a support group for the military forces.”
For his part, Cepeda and Rojas wrote, “Mancuso did not conceal his admiration. ‘Uribe has maintained a firm stance,’ he said. And Carlos Castaño (another paramilitary leader) said Uribe ‘is the man closest to our philosophy’.”
These close ties were put on open public display on three occasions, which have taken on special relevance today.
The first was the homage paid to General Rito Alejo del Río, known as the “pacifier of Urabá,” who is now facing charges for ties to paramilitary groups in that northwestern Colombian region. At the ceremony in Bogotá, Uribe was the keynote speaker.
He was also the chief speaker at a ceremony organised by ranchers in Córdoba in honour of the leader of their association, Rodrigo García Caicedo, known as part of the inner circle of the Castaño brothers and as an advocate of the doctrine of the self-defence groups.
The celebration of the 10th anniversary of the El Meridiano newspaper in Córdoba provided another clear sign of that close relationship. The paper’s owners are on the list of those who finance the paramilitary Self-Defence Forces of Córdoba, as shown by documents in the hands of the Attorney General’s Office. Uribe’s presence and participation in the event were broadly covered and highlighted in the pages of the newspaper.
An incident that was an embarrassment to Uribe, because of the then governor’s proximity to the paramilitaries, was the 1998 murder of lawyer Jesús María Valle. A few days before the prominent lawyer was killed, the governor had publicly referred to him as an “enemy of the armed forces.”
As president of the Antioquia branch of the Permanent Committee for the Defence of Human Rights, Valle had denounced an alliance between the paramilitaries and the army in the killings of 19 people in the municipality of Ituango in 1996 and 1997. The link between Uribe’s public berating of Valle and his murder, pointed to by the El Colombiano newspaper, prompted a heated exchange of letters between Uribe and the paper.
At the end of his term as governor and the start of his campaign for the presidency, Uribe named General del Río, who is now under arrest, as his security adviser; made Roger Taboada, who currently faces an arrest warrant, as his campaign treasurer in Córdoba; and included José María Maroso, presently accused by the Attorney General’s Office of financing the paramilitary United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (AUC), as a member of his campaign staff.
Twenty of the friends involved in Uribe’s campaign turned out to have signed the so-called Ralito pact, a paramilitary initiative, and today are accused of forming part of an alliance with the extreme-right groups, many of which were closely associated with drug trafficking.
The secret Ralito pact was signed in 2001 by paramilitary chiefs and more than 50 politicians with the stated aim of “refounding the country.”
As Interior Minister Fabio Valencia Cossio defended controversial article four of the draft political reform law, this history of alliances and close ties with the paramilitaries appeared to be an explanation of the latest attempt at favouring the far-right groups.
The incidents from the past are further underscored by the revealing numbers provided by the Supreme Court and the Attorney General’s Office. Of the more than 80 legislators under arrest or investigation in connection with the “parapolitics” scandal, 60 – in other words, 75 percent – belong to the governing coalition. If article four of the draft law had been approved, they would have been the first to benefit.
Pragmatic political arguments were set forth to justify the attempt to benefit them, in order to keep their seats from being left empty.
According to commentator Rodolfo Arango, based on official data, “a total of 2,324,751 votes” for pro-Uribe candidates were compromised by the parapolitics scandal.
What would appear to really matter then is to preserve a decisive number of votes, to maintain the pro-Uribe majority in Congress.
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Would you consider a $20.00 contribution today that will help to keep the IPS news wire active? Your contribution will make a huge difference. | <urn:uuid:86db175a-c1ac-41ae-af81-01047040d965> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ipsnews.net/2009/05/colombia-moving-towards-a-paramilitary-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.972803 | 1,585 | 1.78125 | 2 |
About the book
From the Norman Invasion in 1066 to the eve of the First World War, Stick a Flag in It is a thousand-year jocular journey through the history of Britain and its global empire.
The British people have always been eccentric, occasionally ingenious and, sure, sometimes unhinged – from mad monarchs to mass-murdering lepers. Here, Arran Lomas shows us how they harnessed those traits to forge the British nation, and indeed the world, we know today.
Follow history’s greatest adventurers from the swashbuckling waters of the Caribbean to the vast white wasteland of the Antarctic wilderness, like the British spy who infiltrated a top-secret Indian brothel and the priest who hid inside a wall but forgot to bring a packed lunch. At the very least you’ll discover Henry VIII’s favourite arse-wipe, whether the flying alchemist ever made it from Scotland to France, and the connection between Victorian coffee houses and dildos.
Forget what you were taught in school – this is history like you’ve never heard it before, full of captivating historical quirks that will make you laugh out loud and scratch your head in disbelief. | <urn:uuid:d9b6a7d5-997c-4fe7-8662-8ca361c5da69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unbound.com/books/thoughty2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.922067 | 251 | 2.359375 | 2 |
These rhubarb leaf cement garden stepping stone project are beautiful cement stepping stones to your garden can help create a creative path and keep your shoes out of the mud as you travel.
Make sure you like The Homestead Survival on Facebook, Shop AMAZON with Us and explore our PINTEREST BOARDS for innovative ways you can become self-sufficient on a budget.
It can be a great DIY project for you, and can easily be made either at a corner of the garage or on a covered craft table. Cement garden stepping stone project is a great to get creative as it allows your personality, or that of your garden standout.
It is not a very difficult project and it doesn’t take much or require any special equipment in particular. All you will require to carry it out is a mold or leaf that is the size of what you want for the stepping-stones, with an open area to work on and just little time. Although there multiple small or large leaves that can be used to carry out this project, rhubarb leaves will work just fine as our focus here is the rhubarb leaf cement garden stepping stone project.
few Rhubarb leaves
a shady spot in yard
black trash bag
medium size stones
5 gallon bucket
Turning rhubarb leaves into garden stepping stones or a water fountain or a bowl for a birdbath is a very special way to use plants when decorating your garden.
Whether you planted your garden just to grow flowers, fruits or vegetables, this project is just the ideal decoration for garden space and it is very simple. Design beautiful and unique stepping stones for either your garden or your front walk using the below easy techniques from our DIY projects, complete with every instruction required for carrying out a rhubarb leaf cement garden stepping stone project.
Click here to read about how to make rhubarb leaf cement garden stepping stone project:
[amazon-related-products keywords=”stepping stone, stepping stones mold, stepping stone kit, portland cement, Decorative Celtic Design Concrete Plaster Stepping Stone Mold 1089“] | <urn:uuid:c384581e-6caa-4d41-a59b-f9a2245a5539> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehomesteadsurvival.com/rhubarb-leaf-cement-garden-stepping-stone-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.903347 | 452 | 1.6875 | 2 |
West Virginia ACLU aims to stop needle exchange law
It goes into effect July 9.
Supporters say it aims to regulate needle exchange programs in the interest of public safety, especially when it comes to needles not being properly disposed of.
The ACLU says the regulation will force the closure of most existing needle exchange programs in the state: at a time when the CDC has called Kanawha County’s HIV outbreak the most concerning in the nation.
The ACLU group believes the law would only make that situation worse.
The bill is also rife with constitutional defects, ACLU-WV Legal Director Loree Stark said.
“If allowed to become law, SB 334 will cost lives and deprive West Virginians of numerous constitutional rights, including due process and equal protection among others,” Stark said. “The bill should be declared unconstitutional and stopped.”
Copyright 2021 WSAZ. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:f4ca1e40-8bb3-4384-9f89-87a2e7129343> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wsaz.com/2021/06/26/west-virginia-aclu-aims-stop-needle-exchange-law/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955418 | 187 | 1.851563 | 2 |
‘Not to know and know that you don’t know, that is to know” -Chinese proverb.
I love the work I do as it’s a continuous process of studying, sharing and strengthening the social impact sector, organisations and its leadership across Asia. Here are some of my recent observations and learning about the fundraising and philanthropy scene in China. In the coming days, I shall also share my reflections on India and Japan.
Creating an eco-system
China’s first charity law became effective in September 2016 and the Foreign NGO Management Law took effect in January 2017. Both laws are efforts by the Chinese government to strengthen regulations of the emerging fields of philanthropy and civic engagement. Currently there are more than 511,000 legitimately registered social organisations in China made of social associations, civil non-enterprise entities and foundations. Many of the social organisations are set up or sponsored by government. Foundations could either be public-fundraising foundations or non public-fundraising foundations both of which generally do a blend of grant-making and operating programs.
Efforts are being made by Chinese social organisations, Ministry of Civil Affairs as well as foundations to professionalize the governance and management process of social organizations and developing the space as a ‘sector’ while establishing fundraising and nonprofit management as professional areas to strengthen the sector. Hence Chinese philanthropists, social organisations and the government sector are keenly studying Asian models, norms and examples.
Chinese social organisations, corporate leaders and philanthropists are keenly studying Asian entities to understand models like SymAsia Foundation Limited, the Singapore registered wholly owned subsidiary of Credit Suisse that assists clients in setting up their own foundation that meet their Asian family philanthropic objectives. Exploring platforms like the Asia Philanthropic Circle, a collaboration between progressive philanthropists who envision building an Asian brand of philanthropy.
‘To know the road ahead, ask those coming back’- Chinese proverb.
Learning from Singapore to create an Asian way to philanthropy.
While there are efforts made, there are also areas that need to be fine-tuned and reviewed. For example the need to integrate efforts by the Ministry of Civil Affairs with the Tax Bureau related to tax benefits and exemptions for donors and social associations; review of the 10% cap on management cost as well as clear definition of what such costs can entail.
The China Charity Information Centre reports that the corporate sector contributed over 70% of the US$16 billion donated in 2015, followed by 16% from individual contributions and 13% other sources like foundations.
However one of the exciting areas in fundraising that has seen tremendous growth is online giving across China. There are only 13 platforms with approval to mobilise online donations and many of them are not active. However platforms by e-commerce companies like Alibaba, Ant Finance’s AntLove, Tencent’s Gongyi and Sina Gongyi are very active and leading the public fundraising trend. For example Shenzen registered One Foundation which has a charity organisaiton status and hence the permission to raise public unrestricted funds has benefited tremendously from the growth of online giving. In 2016 One Foundation mobilized 12.4 million donors of whom 630,000 are monthly donors. 69% of the donors used the online channel to make their contribution.
Corporate sector is currently the leading force in public undesignated fundraising in China.
Giving Day China 2016 championed by Tencent on their platform raised US$44.22 million which included individual giving and corporate matching. 40% of the Tencent platform donors are high-school students making gifts of average US$1.45. The general profile of the online donor in China is 20-30 years old. Hence there is a clear trend in the rise of individual giving used in the online giving platforms in China.
Civil organizations and their leaders will have to learn to build relationship with their supporters and morph quickly from the current transactional engagements and heavy dependence on the e-commerce platforms, to embarking on a journey with their donors and supporters towards a long-term and growing commitment.
Developments in philanthropy
The value of philanthropy has been rooted in Chinese culture for thousands of years. Before the ninth century, charitable activities were largely religion-based and managed by temples or ancestral shrines, some of which functioned much like the social organisations we know today. In recent past, former Premier of the Republic of China Xiong Xiling (1870–1937) pioneered China’s modern philanthropy by helping establish educational and human service institutions. China now has 4,211 private foundations, more than double the number it had five years ago, according to the United Nations Development Program. Several successful entrepreneurs such as Jack Ma and Zhang Xin have made strong commitments in philanthropy.
However the lack of infrastructure, proper legal framework, clearly defined set of technical and ethical standards to ensure that donations go to good use, has resulted in Chinese philanthropists adopting a hands-on approach by establishing their own operating foundations to conduct charitable work. The new Charity Law should smooth the way for local nonprofit groups to legally register and raise funds, while encouraging philanthropy with tax incentives and easier processes for the wealthy to establish charitable trusts.
The regulations and efforts to strengthen the social organizations and the philanthropy environment should encourage the local foundations that currently focus on funding direct service work to explore systemic change strategies with the potential for long-term progress. With the efforts to strengthen governance and management processes, the social organizations and its leaders will look towards funders as partners rather than just for handouts.
‘The journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step’ – I believe China has taken a major leap into an emerging model for transformation. | <urn:uuid:a62a44fc-4ed3-4728-a522-b68396a6d40e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ushamenonasia.com/post/fundraising-and-philanthropy-observations-from-asia-china | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.9501 | 1,169 | 1.523438 | 2 |
|Capital:||€ 40 million|
|Born:||June 16, 1967|
|Country of origin:||Germany|
|Source of wealth:||Soccer player|
Jürgen Klopp is considered one of the most successful current German football coaches. The Swabian was associated with FSV Mainz 05 as a player and later coach for almost two decades until he moved to Dortmund, where he won the German Championship twice. After moving to the football motherland England, he also secured victory in the Champions League with Liverpool FC in 2019.
Klopp was born in Stuttgart in the wild 1960s on June 16, 1967 and grew up in the Black Forest with his parents and two sisters. Jürgen Klopp’s father was an amateur footballer himself and sparked his passion for football with his only son. As a child, Klopp dreamed of a great career as a footballer, coach or manager. His childhood idol was the Stuttgart international Karl-Heinz Förster. Klopp’s path as an active player was arduous: via small village teams and amateur teams, he ended up at Rot-Weiß Frankfurt and, with this club, which was coached by coaching legend Dragoslav Stepanovic, missed promotion to the second division in 1990 after losing to FSV Mainz 05. Nevertheless, this defeat was a game of fate for Klopp because it led him to Mainz, where he found his footballing home for the next 18 years.
Between 1990 and 2001, “Kloppo” wore the Mainz jersey continuously and played over 300 games in the second division for the team. Klopp was used partly in the attacking midfield and partly as a center forward. His hunger for goal was only moderate, in the eleven years for Mainz he only managed 52 goals, but he managed the feat to score four goals against Rot-Weiß Erfurt in 1992 in a single game. Klopp played against relegation more often than during the front places, but Mainz always managed to stay in the league. In the 1996/97 season under coach Reinhard Saftig they just missed out on promotion to the Bundesliga with fourth place in the table. In the 2000/2001 season, Klopp then switched from the player to the coaching role and in the first year just made 14th place in the table and thus relegation. In his fourth season as a coach, he then led Mainz to third place in the table, which entitled him to promotion to the Bundesliga.
As a Bundesliga coach, Klopp remained loyal to FSV Mainz for several years, only when the Mainz team relegated to the 2nd Bundesliga and missed direct relegation did the coach and club part ways. Now Klopp’s successful time as a coach at Borussia Dortmund began. He took over the club in 2008 and formed a top team from the team that secured the German championship title twice in 2011 and 2012. In 2012, the DFB Cup won the double, the greatest success for a coach in German football. At the international level, Kloppo also led Dortmund in 2013 to the purely German final of the Champions League, in which Dortmund was defeated by Bayern.
After less successful years, Klopp left Dortmund for England in the 2015 season and became Liverpool FC coach in the Premier League. As runner-up in 2019, he narrowly missed winning the English championship. However, he won his first Champions League final with Liverpool in the same year after a 2-0 win over Tottenham and became the third German coach after Jupp Heynckes and Otmar Hitzfeld, who managed this with an English club.
Jürgen Klopp is not only a brilliant trainer with great charisma, but also an extremely funny and quick-witted conversation partner who often blows cool sayings in interviews and press conferences. After a game of BVB, he summed up his young team “” When Dortmund last won here 19 years ago, most of my players were still breast-fed. ” Klopp is heavily involved in every game on the outside line and has allowed himself some freaking out against the referees. He remembered: “I’m an idiot. I have to apologize for that. ”
Although Jürgen Klopp is one of the highest paid coaches in the world today and generates annual salaries in the high single-digit million range, not a single euro transfer sum was paid for him as a player. Since he initially only played for small amateur clubs, there was no transfer fee due when he moved to Mainz and he remained loyal to this club for so long, never had to pay a euro to finance Klopp’s club change. Klopp’s entry into the coaching profession was also curious: When his club FSV Mainz 05 stood with his back to the wall and shortly before relegation in the 2000/2001 season, coach Eckhard Krautzun was fired. Klopp, who was injured as a player, took on the role of the coach more or less spontaneously. Although he didn’t have a coaching license in his pocket, he did have a degree in sports, which qualified him as a coach from the club bosses’ perspective. That was a correct decision by the Mainz team in every respect. | <urn:uuid:bb871be1-8143-443e-81d4-c4fb2cdbe8d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ilawjournals.com/jurgen-klopp-assets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.984923 | 1,107 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The fallout from the pandemic has run the gamut from an unstable economy to an uptick in social-emotional problems. Experts suggest the pandemic may also be responsible for a continued upward trajectory in sexually transmitted diseases among Connecticut’s youngest sexually active residents. Conditions during the pandemic, including less access to sexual health care and more free time, have helped to exacerbate the trend among young people, say health care providers. “Most parents are working. Students are home alone. They are having friends over,” said Ceri Burke, a nurse practitioner at Danbury High School’s on-site health center.
Despite the best efforts of health departments across the state, the number of reported cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) continues to rise dramatically, mirroring a national trend. According to surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. experienced steep, sustained increases in STDs between 2013 and 2017. In Connecticut, reported cases of syphilis rose 51 percent during the four-year period, while gonorrhea jumped 25 percent and chlamydia rose 27 percent. According to the CDC’s ranking of all 50 states, Connecticut was 27th for reports of chlamydia, 4oth for gonorrhea, and 45th for syphilis. Health officials acknowledge that the rise in reported STDs cases is partially due to better testing and tracking.
The number of people diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease has increased in Connecticut as well as across the country, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports. Though experts note that some of the increase is due to better screening, they are concerned about an actual rise in cases and attribute that to more casual sex through hookup apps and an increase in unprotected sex. Nationwide, more than 2 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis were reported in 2016, the highest number ever, with chlamydia making up the majority of cases. The annual Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Report, released in late September, found that a total of 1,598,354 cases of chlamydia were reported in 2016, a 4.7 percent increase over 2015. Gonorrhea cases increased by 18.5 percent to 468,514, and syphilis increased 17.6 percent to 27,814 cases. In Connecticut, 14,028 cases of chlamydia were reported, 759 more than in 2015, a 5.7 percent rise.
The number of syphilis and chlamydia cases increased statewide last year as the number of gonorrhea cases dropped slightly, according to newly released figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Nationally, the number of cases involving all three common sexually transmitted diseases increased for the first time since 2006, the CDC reports. The 2014 Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Report, which was released in November, shows that, nationally, the number of reported cases of syphilis increased 15 percent over the number reported in 2013. The number of gonorrhea cases rose 5 percent last year, and reported chlamydia cases increased by 3 percent. Statistics for the state show a slightly different picture. | <urn:uuid:f0faa79a-7cd6-474b-8434-80ff191d8490> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://c-hit.org/tag/gonorrhea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951524 | 648 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Juniper Threat Labs has been monitoring the activity of a botnet, which is now being referred to as ViroBot by TrendMicro in their blog, and would like to share additional information that can provide insight into the TTP (techniques, tactics, and procedure) of the threat actor. During our investigation, we also found a Unix keylogger related to this threat actor. The keylogger is a 64-bit ELF malware, and at the time of this writing, it has 0 hits on Virustotal. This blog shares technical aspects of both the Windows and Unix malware.
Virobot Ransomware Technical Analysis
We have acquired two samples of this malware, which are both .NET compiled samples:
- Compile Time (Sep 09 01:11:04 2018)
- Compile Time (Sep 08 19:07:41 2018)
At this point, it is not yet clear how these samples arrive into the system.
The first thing that it does is register itself to its C2 server by sending system information of the victim PC, such as:
- machine name
It then sends this information to its C2 server: https://viro[.]mleydier[.]fr
After registering, it receives commands from its CnC server by accessing the URI https://viro.mleydier.fr/noauth/order
The command arrives as a key-value pair with command strings, such as follows:
Results of the command are sent back to the server via the function UploadOrderResultAsync:
This command is the ransomware routine. First, it generates a random AES-256 key that will be used as the key for encrypting all files. This key is then encrypted using RSA, in which the public key is expected to be sent by the C2 server. It searches for all files in the %USERPROFILE% folder and encrypts the files with the following extensions.
After encryption, it add the extension “.enc” and displays the ransom note.
This command executes a binary from a download link supplied by the C2 server. The binary is saved in the %TEMP% folder with a random file name. The code had the option to run the sample in memory, but it was not implemented.
This command executes a string of command using the following:
This command retrieves a lot of information about the victim machine using WMI. It queries the following:
This command propagates via Outlook Mail as an attachment (most likely a version of itself or a downloader of itself). The attachment is downloaded from the same C2 server and then sends the mail to the Outlook contacts of the victim.
This command logs keystrokes and sends them back to the C2 server. The keylogged data is saved into a buffer in the memory and is sent back to C2 in NameValueCollection format.
During our investigation of the C2 server, we have identified an ELF binary that communicates to the same server. Upon analysis, we verified the sample to be a keylogger. As of the development of this blog, the sample has 0 VT detections.
This malware will execute itself as “/lib/systemd/systemd –user”
The keylogged data is saved into memory and sent back to the C2 server via HTTP POST.
It also has the capability to capture screenshots. The data is saved in base64 format and sent back to the server.
In this blog, we have provided technical details of a malware that has ransomware, bot and spreading capabilities. We have also identified a Linux keylogger attributed to the same threat actor that did not have Virustotal detections as of this writing. We believe that the malware is in its early stage of development as we have identified some unused functionalities and bugs in its code. This malware does not have the same capabilities compared to more mature malware developments, which have some form of obfuscation. Moreover, the C2 infrastructure is not robust as it is down as of this moment and we have not found a similar sample with a different C2. Despite this fact, combining multiple malware functionalities is something we should be wary of and we at Juniper will continuously monitor these type and threats.
Indicators of Compromise
Juniper SkyATP and JATP detect this threat as follows: | <urn:uuid:178a8c61-bb5d-4b27-be1f-495840edc6c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/virobot-ransomware | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.84646 | 1,909 | 1.75 | 2 |
In every family, there will be problems. Often, there is a recurring problem. The problem may be getting ready for school in the morning or going to sleep at night. Or doing homework, or fighting with siblings. Children may be demanding or disrespectful, or refuse to cooperate when asked. Over time, these common problems of daily living begin to erode the quality of our relationships with our children – and our own pleasure in being parents.
So often, families get stuck. Despite our best intentions, children become stubborn and defensive—and so do we. In today’s post, I will outline five essential principles that we should keep in mind in attempting to solve any challenging problem of family life.
Step 1: Take a Step Back
The first step in solving any recurring problem in the life of a child is to take a step back. Problems of family life are best solved – and perhaps can only be solved—proactively. When we are reacting to our children’s behavior, we will often be reacting badly. Clinicians and parent advisors of all points of view agree on this point.
Children want to solve problems, and they want to do well. Like us, however, they may become frustrated and even feel hopeless that solutions are possible. And, like us, they may just not know what to do.
Look for causes, not just symptoms. You will solve problems more successfully when you have been able to identify the daily experiences in the life of your child that are sources of painful feelings. These may be frustration in learning, or frequent criticism, or bullying, or exclusion.
Then, listen to your child’s grievance. Let him tell you what he believes is unfair in his life. Tell him what is right about what he is saying before you tell him what is wrong. You can say, for example, “I know you feel that we are always on your case about your schoolwork, and maybe we are. But we’re worried and we need to solve this problem.”
Step 2: Place the Problem Before Your Child
Once you have identified a recurrent problematic situation and made some effort to understand its causes, the next step is to place the problem before your child. Say, for example, “We have a problem in the morning, when it’s time to get ready, and I often end up yelling at you,” or “I think we have a shower problem,” or “A lot of times, we have a problem when I tell you that it is time to turn off the television.”
Step 3: Elicit Your Child’s Ideas
It seems almost reflexive for many parents, when faced with a child’s defiance or lack of cooperation, to attempt to solve this problem by imposing a “consequence” for their child’s misbehavior. Although some problems may require this approach, I recommend that you first engage your child in an effort to solve the problem—to elicit her ideas.
In this way, you will often be able to engage her in a search for solutions. She will then be less absorbed in angry and defiant thoughts, less stuck in making demands or continuing the argument. She will begin to think, even if just for that moment, less about getting her way and instead about how to solve a problem, how her needs and the needs of others might be reconciled – an important life lesson, for sure.
Once you have placed the problem before your child and asked for her ideas, give her some time. You can say, for example, “Why don’t you think about it for a while? Let’s talk again later, or tomorrow, and see what your ideas are.” In doing this, you will be teaching yet another important lesson, because this is how most problems in life should be solved.
Step 4: Develop a Plan
In my experience, almost all children respond positively when I tell a family that “I have a plan” to solve a recurrent problem of family life. They may be skeptical, but they listen with interest. Deep down, they want a plan, as much as we do. (I will offer plans for solving specific family problems in future posts.)
Step 5: Express Appreciation and Praise for Increments of Effort and Success
Be sure to offer praise and appreciation for every increment of your child’s effort at compliance and self-control. Your acknowledgment of her effort and progress is a basic principle of successful problem solving.
Psychologists have learned from psychotherapy research that ongoing collaboration is an important element of successful therapy. This is also true in solving problems with our children. We should regularly, proactively, check in with children, and ask, for example, “How do you think we are doing with our morning problem?”
(Originally published on PsychologyToday.com) | <urn:uuid:f9ca7b39-aa74-4879-bf39-62808f353ba3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kennethbarish.com/2012/05/28/solving-common-family-problems-five-essential-steps-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967374 | 1,011 | 2.625 | 3 |
Transgender health startups are having a moment
Transgender health needs, long neglected by the medical establishment, could get a needed assist from tech, as a pair of startups that focus on hormone treatment and other services today announce fresh venture funding.
Why it matters: Transgender and non-binary people can face enormous barriers to health care, from a scarcity of facilities that provide gender-affirming care to insurance company denials and outright discrimination.
- Today's announcements are also noteworthy as few companies focused on LGBT consumers — and transgender people in particular — have attracted venture funding.
- Both firms bypass traditional insurance and provide needed care online, directly to consumers.
- Plume is more narrowly targeted at transgender-specific care, while Folx offers services for the broader LGBTQ community.
Details: Plume charges $99 per month for a service that includes online doctor visits and lab work, as well as referral letters people may need in order to get gender-affirming surgery or legally change their name or gender.
- Folx charges $59 per month, which covers doctor visits, lab work and the least expensive hormone medications. (Injectable medications, including supplies, cost extra.)
- Folx plans to offer additional services addressing other queer health needs, including STI testing. It is initially available in 11 states, with an aim to expand nationwide.
By the numbers: Plume is announcing $14 million in Series A funding Craft Ventures with participation from General Catalyst, Slow Ventures and Town Hall Ventures.
- Folx has attracted $25 million in Series A investment, led by Bessemer Venture Partners.
The big picture: Folx and Plume are part of a broader trend of direct-to-consumer startups that offer health services that are hard to find, aren't covered by insurance or have a history of being poorly served by the medical establishment.
- The heads of both companies said they encountered some skepticism from potential investors, but were able to show both a huge unmet need in the existing market and a population that is growing in size and economic power.
- Also important, Folx CEO A.G. Breitenstein said, is the fact that more venture firms now have queer and trans people on staff.
Between the lines: Affirming care that people can access from their homes has benefits in big cities where people might wait weeks for an appointment at a trans or queer health clinic.
- But it's even more useful for those in rural areas that may not have any nearby options for trans- and queer-affirming health care.
What they're saying: "Access to gender-affirming care can be lifesaving for those who need it," said Lainy Painter, a principal at Plume investor Craft Ventures. "While a small number of clinics have focused on the trans community, the vast majority of patients have been unable to access affordable care."
- Jerrica Kirkley, Plume's chief medical officer, said she has seen the failings of the system both as a patient seeking trans-specific health care and as a doctor. "I knew there had to be a better way," she said.
Yes, but: There are plenty of trans people who can't afford the monthly fees for Plume or Folx. Both companies are working on grant programs to help some people that couldn't otherwise access their services.
What's next: Fresh growth opportunities for the companies include mental health services, general health care and prosthetics, as well as services for transgender youth.
- Folx has also said it wants to expand into family creation services. | <urn:uuid:43a6e6e3-e089-433e-bb43-ad64e9ef88a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.axios.com/2021/02/02/lgbtq-health-startups-funding | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.968927 | 731 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The differences between gear oil grades
If you’re looking for a gear oil that will protect your gearbox and/or transmission, you need to make sure your oil has the correct grade. While this can be found out via Total Lub Advisor or your owner’s manual, it’s worth understanding the meaning behind and differences between gear oil grades. Here’s everything you need to know, from base oil grades, to additives, to common gearbox oil grading systems.
What are gear oil base grades?
The base grade of a gear oil shows its underlying properties and is determined by a GL number:
- GL-1 to GL-3 – Basic and outdated oils for manual transmissions and axles that lack particular additives to cope with extreme pressures, friction and heat.
- GL-4 – The world’s most common base oil grade, the oils of which contain good volumes of extreme pressure additives.
- GL-5 – Containing many more additives than GL-4 oils, GL-5s are used to create gear oils with extreme load resistance, protecting systems such as hypoid gears.
On top of the base oil grade are conventional gear oil grading systems.
What are gear oil grades?
Conventional gear oil grades are what you will encounter when shopping for gear oil. The two most common of these are the SAE and ISO grades, with SAE for automotive and ISO for industrial applications.
SAE-grade gear oils
SAE grades are used to label all sorts of lubricants, but for gear oils, only SAE numbers of 60 or above are used.
Like monograde engine oil SAE grades, monograde SAE gear oil grades use a single number, with gear oils for cold seasons using the identifier ‘W’ and oils for hotter, summer conditions using just a number. The higher the number, the more viscous the oil.
Multigrade SAE gearbox oil grades include two numbers separated by a ‘W’ (75W140, for instance), with the initial number before the ‘W’ indicating performance at 0°C and the number after showing the lube’s performance at 100°C. As with monograde oils, the higher the number, the greater its viscosity.
ISO-grade gear oils
ISO grades are used alongside industrial gear oils. A single number, the higher the figure, the higher the viscosity, with the grade number closely mirroring the mid-point viscosity number in centistokes (cSt) – for instance, ISO 3 equals 3.2 cSt and ISO 220 equals 220 cSt.
Which is better – higher or lower viscosity?
Lower and higher viscosity oils are suited to different applications.
- Lower-viscosity gear oils offer better protection and lubrication for high-speed gearboxes that are under relatively low loads thanks to their improved cooling abilities and thinner films which better coat fast-moving components.
- Higher-viscosity gear oils offer thick films, better wear resistance and protection from corrosion, making them suited to slower gearboxes that operate under more intense pressures and loads. They also seal components better, affording longer change intervals.
View Total’s gear oil ranges today | <urn:uuid:c8fdf5f7-cfdf-4d31-a5ca-2038a743a404> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://services.totalenergies.uk/differences-gear-oil-grades | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.921605 | 684 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Department of State Atomic Energy Files
Memorandum by Mr. Edmund A. Gullion, Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State (Lovett), to the Secretary of State 1
Memorandum for the Secretary
Subject: Senator McMahon’s2 amendment tot he Economic Cooperation Bill (S–2202)
Facts Bearing on the Problem
Section 15(b) of S–2202 provides for the conclusion of a series of bilateral agreements between the United States and participating countries as a condition precedent to their receiving assistance under the Act.
Senator McMahon has now offered the following amendment:
“(e) In addition to the provision required by subsection (b) to be included in agreements concluded with participating countries under this Act, there shall be included an undertaking by each such country to prohibit the exportation other than to the United States from such country of any commodity of which the exportation from the United States is (1) determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, acting jointly, to be inconsistent with the national security, and (2) prohibited by or pursuant to the laws of the United States.”
The Department of State has followed closely the drafting of all the Section 15 provisions in the Act with the object of insuring that they were reasonable and did not lay us open to the charge of economic imperialism or of using the Act to further selfish military or atomic designs. The McMahon amendment has those defects; and is unnecessary for the reasons expressed in the attached findings (Part A is restricted, Part B is Top Secret).
- That the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission consult together with a view to getting Senator McMahon to withdraw his amendment, for the reasons expressed in the attached findings.
- If the amendment is not withdrawn, that these Departments express an opinion against it, either, (1) before the Foreign Relations [Page 696] Committee or the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy or (2) by parallel letters to Senator McMahon and the Chairmen of the Committees.
The amendment proposed by Senator McMahon is undesirable. Some of the reservations to it may be expressed openly although with appropriate discretion (Part A); others (Part B3) involve reference to secret matters, and there is attached a Top Secret note with reference to these.
- The initials of the Secretary of State appear on the source text.↩
- Brien McMahon, United States Senator from Connecticut; ranking Democrat on the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy; author of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, Public Law 585, 79 Congress, 60 Stat. 755–775 (the McMahon Act).↩
- Post, p. 699.↩ | <urn:uuid:1b1c9232-aece-4956-bd4f-f07182d25ba0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1948v01p2/d71 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947679 | 579 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Job interviews are stressful enough without having to worry about what you’re going to wear, but unfortunately how you dress plays an important role in whether or not you will be hired.
Your clothes are essentially playing the supporting role in the interview itself.
It gives the interviewer a first impression of you – and if you’re hoping to land the job, you want it to be good.
As important as experience, the proper schooling as the following article shows, be it attending a traditional four-year school or learning through the value of online education, and a positive attitude prove critical, what you pull out of the closet or dresser that day could go a long way in determining whether you get hired or passed over.
What to wear to your next job interview
Depending on the type of company you’re interviewing for and the position will depend on what you should wear to the interview.
If the company is professional, dress as professional as possible. If it’s more of a casual environment, still dress professionally – but you don’t need to wear a suit and tie.
Some rules for dressing for a job interview include:
- Dress in business casual attire unless the company dresses professionally on a daily basis. If this is the case, you will want to wear a suit and tie.
- All clothes should be clean and wrinkle-free.
- Clothing should fit you. Pants should be the appropriate length and shirts should fit nicely, without being too loose or too revealing.
- Wear closed-toe shoes. For women, a simple pair of black closed-toe heels is always preferred.
- Keep cologne or perfume to a minimum. If possible, skip this altogether since you won’t know if the interviewer has an allergy.
- Be well-groomed. Men should have no facial hair and a recent haircut. Women should style their hair so it’s neat and away from their face.
- Dress simply. In other words, don’t wear flashy prints or patterns. Keep it simple.
- Wear minimal jewelry. Men can wear a watch and wedding ring. Women should stick to simple earrings, a watch, wedding ring and simple necklace.
- Dress for the weather. Keep the weather in mind when choosing your attire. If it’s spring or summer, don’t wear all black. If it’s wintertime, stick to neutral colors as opposed to wearing a pink blouse.
What not to wear on your next job interview
You would think dressing for an interview would be common sense, but unfortunately for some people, it’s not. Some candidates show up wearing jeans or looking like they just rolled out of bed. Though this is surprising, it does happen more often than you’d like to believe.
For your next job interview, take into account a few things you should not wear:
- Flip-flops or tennis shoes. No matter what the company does, always wear professional shoes.
- Shorts or jeans. This is too casual – stick with khakis or dress pants, and never wear shorts.
- Anything too revealing. This could be offensive to the interviewer and it gives you the image that you’re not professional.
- Too much jewelry or makeup. Keep it simple. There is no point in overdoing your jewelry or makeup. A natural look is always the most professional.
- Stained clothing or clothing with graphics. Clothing should always be neat, clean and wrinkle-free. Never wear a t-shirt with graphics (or a t-shirt at all). Always choose a button-down shirt.
How you look is the first impression the interviewer is going to have of you, so make it count.
Of course, you want to have an outgoing personality and be easy to get along with, but if you’re dressed poorly these things may not matter to your potential employer.
First impressions count, so make yours one to remember.
About the Author: Sarah Brooks is a freelance writer in Charlotte, NC. She writes on careers, personal finance and travel. | <urn:uuid:2d2a7b1f-4488-48fe-a806-7677ba8ed83b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nancy-rubin.com/2015/02/23/job-interview-do-the-clothes-really-matter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.933217 | 852 | 1.796875 | 2 |
It might look that a poor credit rating is sufficient to assure acquiring massive individual loans is fantasy rather than reality. But the truth is that it is attainable to get even a $10,000 individual loan with bad credit.
The reason why this is the case is that every lender is interested in a single thing: obtaining their funds back, with interest. Following all, private loans are always viewed as dangers.
二按 is that there are a quantity of issues that can be performed to tremendously boost that level of self-confidence for the lender. So, via these actions, your possibilities of finding loan approval despite undesirable credit are drastically enhanced.
Supply the Lender Security
The easiest way to safe a $ten,000 personal loan with poor credit is to offer you some security to the lender. This basically implies offering some collateral that is of equal value to the quantity sought – $10,000.
The chief benefit to offering collateral is that the private loan becomes a secured loan, and hence a reduced price of interest is applied. So, the month-to-month repayments are lower and a lot more manageable.
Of course, the negative point to maintain in thoughts is that by employing collateral to get loan approval in spite of poor credit, the distinct item is at danger. Should really there ever be a dilemma with making repayments, then it becomes the home of the lender.
Contain a Cosigner
The difficulty with collateral is that not everybody has a single item worth sufficient to safe a $ten,000 private loan with poor credit. But a cosigner removes that dilemma.
A cosigner commits to producing the essential repayments really should the borrower fail to, which helps to convince lenders of individual loans that they will get their cash back.
Having said that, the cosigner also needs to be accepted by the lender prior to there can be any possibility of obtaining loan approval regardless of bad credit. The excellent candidate will have an excellent credit history and sufficient earnings to be able to make the repayments must the need to have arise.
Split the Loan Sum
A third option is to divide what is required into a number of compact individual loans. Finding a $10,000 personal loan with undesirable credit is going to be really hard, but smaller loans of possibly $2,000 or $3,000 can be secured much far more very easily – usually with no credit verify in fact applied.
But there are some aspects to maintain in mind when acquiring 4 or five compact private loans. 1st of all, every loan stands alone, which suggests that every single lender is going to apply pressure to have repayments made on time.
Also, it is crucial to do your calculations appropriately. Five loans of $two,000 every could have five distinct rates of interest. This could imply that the general interest repayments are far more than it would be on one particular $ten,000 loan. Of course, to safe loan approval in spite of terrible credit the extra expense may well have to be accepted.
Repayment schedules on each and every loan are also critical. A single $ten,000 personal loan with terrible credit will be structured merely, but having numerous loans from various lenders signifies agreeing distinct schedules. A $1,500 payday loan, for instance, may need to have to be repaid in 30 days, whilst a $three,000 individual loan could have a 90-day deadline. | <urn:uuid:76a8cc87-fc60-49b2-ad84-9057c30b3db7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gt86academy.com/private-loans-with-terrible-credit-3-techniques-to-safe-approval/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976326 | 701 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Noah: Man of Resolve
IMMERSE YOURSELF IN THE WONDERS OF THE EARLY EARTH!
Packed with action, adventure, and heartbreak, the second installment of the Remnant Trilogy continues the imaginative and respectful look at the life of this hero of the faith as God shapes him into the man who eventually saves humanity’s future.
Disclaimer: These books demonstrate the immoral lifestyle during Noah's time including promiscuity, witchcraft, idolatry, child sacrifice, martyrdom, and other sinful situations. We recommend this book for 11th grade and up. We also advise parents to read the books before giving them to their student.
|Weight (in lbs)||1.00|
|Title||Noah: Man of Resolve|
|Series||The Remnant Trilogy|
|Volume in Series||2|
|Contributors||K. Marie Adams , Tim Chaffey|
|Publisher||New Leaf Publishing Group, Inc.|
|Dimensions (in inches)||6 x 9| | <urn:uuid:5328a043-61ee-4399-b803-ac12bfdc4d8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nlpg.com/browse/noah-man-of-resolve | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.858027 | 259 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Although hearsay, defined as: “information received from other people that one cannot adequately substantiate”, is not admissible in any court of law, every day, every year, families make complex educational choices, consequential for their children’s prosperity, based on the hearsay, passing as truth, circulated along The Parent Network, distorted with each retelling, which may have been a selective assertion in the first place.
Acting on such garbled information, while well-intentioned, families make strategic missteps in the compulsion to hedge their children’s chances in what’s considered to be The Game of College Admissions—in reality gambling with their kid’s genius, sowing the seeds for college malinvestment as well as regret and/or resentment manifesting in the not to distant future.
Yet, to stop reacting to the court of public opinion, parents must be courageous, confident that nurturing their child’s unique aptitude, not subscribing to the group think of the competitive, modern American academic meritocracy, that only 4.0 GPA’s and 40 hours a week of extracurricular activities costing tens of thousands of dollars per year will merit the vaunted college acceptance and a thus guarantee a lifetime of prosperity unconstrained by the complexity of labor economics.
Furthermore, parents and students must disabuse themselves of the delusion that the college admissions process is a game of winners and losers. Instead, realizing that through the college admissions process, a young human being at a critical time in their lives can (re)discover their ability thus define or reaffirm their life’s purpose. Then, students will spend the four years, utilizing the vast resources of a university, to actualize their vision.
If not, the New York Federal Reserve will continue reporting 41% underemployment rates, where new college graduates aged 22-27 work jobs which don’t require a college degree that costs between 100 and 200 hundred thousand, yes that’s thousands of dollars. When new adults start their careers underearning, studies show they rarely vaunt into higher earning brackets over their professional careers.
Moreover, when generationally Millennials don’t and won’t earn equal to their Boomer parents until later in their adulthood, starting from a lower earning potential doesn’t bode well for more teenagers to realize their objective of a “good-paying job” for attending college in the first place, further adding evidence that their college dollars were mal-invested and the opportunity costs accrued impossible to calculate, but not difficult to perceive.
For more information about how to both plan for and navigate the complex college admissions process in order to minimize the risk of educational malinvestment, contact Creative Marbles Consultancy | <urn:uuid:45f601fb-d46a-47b4-82ee-417eb7049c93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.creativemarbles.com/2022/07/21/college-admissions-mis-information/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956934 | 572 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Thirsty energy / Diego J. Rodriguez, Anna Delgado, Pat DeLaquil & Antonia Sohns. Washington DC ; World Bank, 2013,72 p. (working paper ; 78923)
Abstract (© WB) :
The tradeoffs between energy and water have been gaining international attention in recent years as demand for both resources mount and governments continue to struggle to ensure reliable supply to meet sectoral needs. As almost all energy generation processes require significant amounts of water, and water requires energy for treatment and transport, these two resources are inextricably linked. This relationship is the energy-water nexus. Section one of this paper examines the existing models, literature, and management frameworks on the nexus, as it seeks to determine what gaps exist. Section two describes the water demands of power generation in order to identify potential areas of future uncertainty and delineate areas where integrated energy-water management may improve the reliability of operating power plants and the viability of schemes. Finally, section three describes possible solutions that may alleviate challenges resulting from the link between energy and water by improving energy efficiency and integrating water resources management into energy planning. | <urn:uuid:f3f2dda6-4085-4f3a-8f06-84d0231dffbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://energieclimat.hypotheses.org/17524 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.902407 | 236 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Since we started selling our books online the following are our Top 5 Books sold.
Correct as at 1st August 2022.
1. Canonbie Churchyards (Books 1 & 2)
These books total 116 pages of Memorial Inscriptions for Canonbie (old name Canonby) Churchyard in the town and Parish of Canonbie, Dumfriesshire. Canonbie is on the border with England. They were re-published in 2020 and consists of inscriptions from 579 headstones. They are fully indexed by Surname and Forename. Cost £3.25 each
2. Dumfries and Galloway Placenames by Parish
This is a 100 page A5 booklet published in February 2021. It lists every placename in the counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire from the Ordnance Survey Maps of 1857-1891. It includes an alphabetical index and a Parish map. Cost £5.25 each
3. Lochmaben Old Churchyard
This is a 76 page book of Memorial Inscriptions for Lochmaben Old Churchyard in the Parish of Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. It was published in 2019 and consists of 48 pages of inscriptions from 362 headstones. It is fully indexed by Surname and Forename. The oldest known stone is 1700. This edition includes 206 new transcriptions that were not included in the 2007 edition. A Parish Map is included. There is also an article on a very localised name, Fairgray. Cost £4.25
4. Annan Early Census 1801/1811/1821
This is a 68 page book of Early Census for Annan, Dumfriesshire. It was published in 2009 and consists of listings by place name of the Censuses 1801, 1811 and 1821. Each census is indexed by Surname only. Cost £3.75
5. Durisdeer and Kirkbride Churchyards
This is a 92 page book of Memorial Inscriptions for Durisdeer Parish Churchyard and Durisdeer Kirkbride Old Churchyard in the Parish of Durisdeer, Dumfriesshire. It was re-published in 2020 to correct some transcription errors, provide 259 added memorials, standardise the layout and provide a detailed index. It consists of 57 pages of inscriptions from 380 headstones. It is fully indexed by Surname and Forename. A Parish Map is included with a Graveyard Plan. There is also an article on the Queensberry Marbles. Cost £5.25 | <urn:uuid:411a27e8-be7b-4b28-aad9-4c5e0eb149a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dgfhs.org.uk/top-5-books-sold/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956845 | 545 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Start by slicing all of your ingredients. Mixing your shallots, mushrooms, and garlic in a small bowl. In a seperate bowl whisk your eggs together.
To ensure you use even amounts of filling in each quesadille scoop your shallot mushroom mixture into 6 even piles.
Heat two saute pans to medium low heat. • One pan should be smallish: 8-10 inches max, no bigger than you tortillas. • The other should be larger, or use a flat square pan of you have one.
Now you will start making the quesadilla in asembly line form, one at a time. In one pan you will sort by making an omlettle that you dont fold in half, then in the other pan you will be putting the egg into the tortilla to create your quesadilla.
In the smaller round pan add ½ tsp of oil to the warm pan. Then add 1 of your little piles of shallot, garlic, mushroom mixture. Cooking for 1-2 minutes, just enough to get them to start softening up. Then grab a handfull of spinach, tear it up using your hands into smaller pieces and stir it into the mushrooms and onions. Stir in for about 30 seconds just enough to get incorporated. Then spread the spinach, onion, mushroom mixture out evenly on the bottom of the pan.
Pour ½ cup of your whisked eggs ontop of the spianch, mushroom, onion mixture. Ensureing the the egg spreads out evely over top of the mixture. Cover with a lid to help the cooking process. The eggs should stiffen up enough to flip after 2-3 minutes. Flip and cook on the other side for 1 minute. This is creating a skinny omlette.
In that last minute of cooking your skinny omlette, spay the other larger or flat pan with no stick spray. Then place one of your tortillas in the pan. Sprinkle with 3 tablespoons of your shredded cheese, spreadding evenly.
Now top you cheese with the skinny omlette. Then top the omlette with 2-3 more tablespoons of cheese. Then top the second layer of cheese with another tortilla. Essencially making a tortialla sandwich with the egg in the middle...aka a quesadilla! The cheese helps to glue the egg to the tortilla.
Cook the quesadilla for 3 minutes on the first side, then flip and cook for another 2-3 minutes. Both side should turn a golden brown and crisp up. Once crisp remove from the pan. Tip: I found placing a plate on top of the quesadilla, helps it to stay together ensuing the cheese works like glue. But also helps the tortilla to cook evenly.
While the your quesadilla is on the second pan cooking you can start working on the next skinny omlette going back to step 5 and working thru the steps. Do this until you have created each of your quesadilla. Tip: Once I have finished each quesadilla I placed them on a plate in the oven to help keep them warm.
Once you have created and cooked each of your quesadillas, top them with your tomato olive topping and serve. Or place into your meal prep containers for the week. Keep the tomato, olive topping seperate unti you plan to eat. You don't want the topping to make your quesadilla soggy.
As you find the time during the above steps. Slice your tomatoes and olives. I also diced a handful of spinach.
Mix your tomatoes, olives, spinach, and feta together.
Finish by sprinkling your quesadilla with your tomato olive topping.
Greek Breakfast Quesadilla
Amount Per Serving (1 Quesadilla)
Calories 483Calories from Fat 284
% Daily Value*
Saturated Fat 10.7g67%
Trans Fat 0g
Polyunsaturated Fat 1.2g
Monounsaturated Fat 0.8g
Vitamin A 179.1IU4%
Vitamin C 30.9mg37%
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet. | <urn:uuid:c716a0fe-f9f5-47f8-886c-14724b30d634> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://adashofmacros.com/wprm_print/recipe/8431 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.865085 | 975 | 1.515625 | 2 |
“I used to see people waiting to pull fresh peas off the back of trucks. The vines were all tangled and it was quite messy,” says Dale Bankhead of Farmer Dale Produce, one of Utah’s many U-pick farms, located in Wellsville, “so I decided to plant five acres of peas. Now people can go out and easily pick the fresh peas themselves. They love it!”
Pick Your Own (PYO) or U-pick farms began in the 19th century, mostly in New York and New Jersey, when apple growers advertised country outings for those interested in picnicking and picking produce among the fruit trees, according to pickyourown.org.
In the 1980’s, as more and more people became interested in fresher, less processed food, the practice of picking your own produce gained popularity.
U-pick farms are still very popular, and many have a Facebook page, making it easier to stay informed about when and what produce is available.
A few of Utah’s U-pick farms are:
Farmer Dale Produce, as mentioned above, specializes in peas, peppers, cantaloupes, watermelon, tomatoes and corn, with a Facebook page for updates.
Mt. Naomi Farm, in Hyde Park, states on their Facebook page, that they will, “not be growing strawberries… However, our blackberries, raspberries, apples and peaches look fantastic this year!”
“The fun begins,” states Day Farms’ Facebook page. Located in Layton, this U-pick farm is due to open in July with corn and tomatoes. They also have asparagus, raspberries, peppers, eggplant and a pumpkin patch.
In Sandy, Farnsworth Farms and Cider Mill will open in May with greenhouse flowers and vegetables. More information can be found at https://www.facebook.com/Farnsworth-Farms-Cider-Mill-152625836591/.
Owned and operated by Mel and Janene Miller, M.J. Miller’s Farm and Orchard is located in Payson and specializes in beets, cucumbers, garlic, green beans, potatoes and more. Visit their website, mjmillerfarmandorchard.yolasite.com, for more information.
Shoal Creek Berries, located in Enterprise, has raspberries, blackberries, cucumbers, tomatoes and more. Their Facebook page has updates and can be found at Facebook.com/pages/Shoal-Creek-Berries/153495321328740.
For information on when and where fruits, vegetables, and even Christmas trees will be available in Utah, the Harvest Page on pickyourown.org is a great resource.
The season for picking your own produce is fast approaching, and when it comes to what is his favorite part of having a U-pick farm, Bankhead says, “Seeing people, groups and families come together and have a good time.” | <urn:uuid:150f0204-246c-41f2-9ad3-c23c080ee93a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utahstories.com/2016/06/u-pick-farms-in-utah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955863 | 639 | 1.726563 | 2 |
In this vibrant new edition of Writing for Children and Young Adults published on the 16th
Crook explains some of the nuances and choices about the writing world online. Crook revisits the fundamentals of writing: establishing character, creating lively dialogue and developing plot with updated worksheets and examples. This edition shows the writer how to begin a story, plan plot, develop and hone the work for an agent or publisher, and how to make the crucial submission for a book that agents want to represent and publishers want to buy!
Writing for Children and Young Adults helps you create the manuscript that sells, and is a essential book for any aspiring and published writer who wants to write for young people.
Marion Crook has written many books for young adult and middle-grade readers. Here, she offers advice on writing, publishing, and marketing. Crook’s background in child development education as a nurse and her Ph.D. in education give her solid knowledge, but she maintains that a keen observation of people, places, and events can be the author’s most useful tool. An experienced teacher and writer, she gives her readers clear and practical tips, with humor and obvious understanding of what it’s like to write and publish.
Check out the Goodreads page for more information about Writing for Children and Young Adults: http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29362939-writing-for-children-young-adults/
Check out the book here:
Chapters Indigo: https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/writing-for-children-young-adults/9781770402768-item.html/
Check out my guest post with Marion Crook on the 25th for a special excerpt where she shares her tips for writing fab YA!
Until next time :) | <urn:uuid:9ad168ce-222c-44c4-bb27-6e3ecba67df1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://delightfulbookreviews.blogspot.com/2016/09/release-day-blitz-writing-for-children.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.911808 | 458 | 2.78125 | 3 |
SAN ANTONIO (Jan. 28, 2014) — Although inflammation is frequently a cause of disease in the body, research from The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio indicates that low levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the brain are important for cognition. Cytokines are proteins produced by the immune system.
Jennifer Donegan, graduate student, and David Morilak, Ph.D., professor of pharmacology in the School of Medicine, found that neutralizing the cytokine interleukin-6 in the brain impaired reversal learning in both stressed and nonstressed rats. Reversal learning is a form of cognitive flexibility that is diminished in psychiatric diseases such as depression, schizophrenia and post-traumatic stress disorder. Cognitive flexibility is the ability to change previously learned thoughts and behaviors in response to changes in the environment.
"When we started the project, we thought cognitive flexibility would be impaired by stress-induced inflammation in a region of the brain called the prefrontal cortex," Donegan said. "We decided to block interleukin-6 during stress to prevent the cognitive deficit, and to our surprise this made things worse. This suggested that it may actually be beneficial to maintain a low level of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the brain."
Low level corrected deficit
As a key next step, the scientists were then able to fix the cognitive deficit caused by stress by restoring a low level of the cytokine specifically in the prefrontal cortex. Both scientists caution, however, that there is still much to learn about interleukin-6's role in cognition and in diseases like depression. "We've replicated just one piece of a very complex disease so we can understand the biology," Dr. Morilak said. "We found that, in one brain region, one cytokine facilitates cognitive flexibility and is beneficial after chronic stress. But we delivered the cytokine specifically into that brain region using a virus, which we cannot do in people. And its role in inflammation may be very different than in normal conditions. There's still a lot of work to do."
Donegan is on track to receive her Ph.D. later this year. She is lead author and Dr. Morilak is senior author of the study, published this month in the Journal of Neuroscience. The research is funded by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. | <urn:uuid:a9450b65-e26d-4556-b887-c62a039cdaed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.science20.com/news_articles/low_levels_proinflammatory_agent_help_cognition_rats-128612 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95951 | 485 | 2.75 | 3 |
The Census of the Population remains a key element of the quantitative research undertaken by the social science community in the UK. It provides an essential snapshot of socio-economic circumstances in the UK and is fundamental to research in many disciplines since it allows for certain types of investigation on issues (e.g. small areas and particular demographic subgroups) that are not possible with other data sources. Therefore a thorough review of the Census Programme is essential in order to assess the extent to which Census data are being used and whether improvements can be made to the way in which Census data are provided in the future.
A range of evidence was reviewed in order to evaluate the four main areas of the Census Programme: the Census units, the usage of datasets, Programme co-ordination and the future development of the Programme. The evidence to be reviewed included the annual reports of the co-ordinator; unit documentation and reports; programme documentation; experiences of users and stakeholder interviews. | <urn:uuid:eec08176-09fc-4e78-b282-b6020e137243> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiserd.ac.uk/project/evaluation-of-the-2006-2011-census-programme/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.931226 | 192 | 2.421875 | 2 |
In past blogs we’ve discussed the importance of strength training to your weight loss or wellness program. Building lean muscle tissue will increase your overall metabolism, meaning you burn more calories even when you’re at rest. Sounds like a great idea, right?
But in order to build muscle tissue, you need to do two things. First, you perform strength training exercises that train your muscles and encourage their development. And of course you also have to provide your muscles with the fuel they need in order to grow.
So, you go to the gym regularly, or you perform strength exercises at home using your own body weight as resistance. Either method works well, depending upon your goals. After your workout, though, it’s time to reap as much as possible from your hard work. That means refueling your body so that your muscles can appropriately respond to their training.
Calories aren’t just calories, as we all know. You need the right mix of nutrients (protein in particular) to nourish your body after a hard workout. The following snacks combine protein and complex carbs, to help you boost your energy level and feed those muscles the right way.
Some of these options make great snacks, while others are more of a meal. Either is fine, depending upon the time of day and your caloric needs. The important thing is to seek a healthy source of protein, and pair it with complex carbs (not sugar). For more help with your weight loss plan or dietary advice in general, call our office to schedule an appointment. We can help you determine your nutritional needs, and put together a plan that helps you reach your goals. | <urn:uuid:142c3d2e-3f87-4df6-a885-58f4a1e16399> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mddiettemecula.com/8-ways-fuel-strength-training-regimen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952699 | 337 | 1.929688 | 2 |
| ||Norman Invasion|
In the year 1066 the Normans, led by a man called William, invaded England from the Normandy area of France.
They fought the English at the Battle of Hastings and won.
William called himself a conqueror because he now wanted to rule the country. He marched to London and was crowned King on Christmas Day. | <urn:uuid:001eee2d-1dc4-4420-89f9-691e465209a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://infant2.parkfieldprimary.com/castles/invasion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.96274 | 79 | 3.890625 | 4 |
316 Stainless Steel Hinges Marlboro Hinge Manufacturer
Many manufacturers use these hinges in paper industries, industrial environments, medical biotechnology innovations, and marine environments. Builders often use tight hinge pins in their 316 stainless steel hinges because the hinge may become inverted. The hinge needs to operate in spite of the pull of gravity.
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Class Stock Preparation » Screens » Vibrating Manufacturer Model No JS24 Part Number 41537 Qty 1 Description Js24 Vibrating Screen, Stainless Steel Assembly And Vat, 3/16" Hole Screen Plate, With Stainless Steel Shower | <urn:uuid:238fb599-2afc-4f93-865e-3fe05f979bd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.krcmausvatehovaclava.cz/2018_11_15-20978.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.864067 | 1,695 | 1.5625 | 2 |
1905 Northern Runabout
Offered by RM Sotheby’s | Hershey, Pennsylvania | October 12, 2018
Photo Courtesy of RM Sotheby’s
Charles King and Johnathan Maxwell founded the Northern Manufacturing Company in 1902 in Detroit. The company’s 1902 offerings strongly resembled the Curved-Dash Oldsmobile – and that’s because Maxwell and King both worked for Oldsmobile before setting out on their own.
We’ve featured a 1902 Northern before (as linked to above) and this car looks relatively similar. It’s still powered by a single-cylinder engine. But unlike in 1902 where that engine made only five horsepower, it was upgraded to a downright sporty seven horsepower for 1905. Northern offered two twin-cylinder cars in 1905 as well, which made this the budget offering at $650.
Both Maxwell and King would leave Northern to found their own marques and the company closed in 1908. This car is said to retain its original chassis, body panels, and even its rubber flooring. Not many of these are left and this one is about as accurate and original as they come. It should bring between $45,000-$65,000. Click here for more info and here for more from this sale.
Update: Sold $52,250.
1902 Northern Runabout
Offered by RM Auctions | Hershey, Pennsylvania | October 12, 2012
I have a new general rule: if a car comes up for sale and it’s a marque you can’t recall ever seeing come up for sale, the there is a good – no, better than good – chance that it is an ex-Harrah Collection car. As is this 1902 Northern Runabout.
1902 was the first year for the Northern Manufacturing Company of Detroit. Founded by Charles B. King (who went on to build the King) & Jonathan Maxwell (who went on to build the Maxwell), this marque would last until 1909 when it was merged into E.M.F. This “Silent Northern” has a five horsepower single-cylinder engine and cost $800 in 1902. These cars were also built under license in Sweden as the Norden.
Ownership history is known from new. It was acquired by Bill Harrah in 1956, making him the fourth owner. It was purchased from the collection and restored by its current owner in 1986, with the restoration completing in 1990. It has competed in 10 London-to-Brighton runs and holds the Guinness World Record for being the oldest car driven coast-to-cast across the United States (accomplishing this in 1994). Only 11 are known to still exist.
It is expected to sell for between $70,000-$90,000. For more information, click here. And for more from RM at Hershey, click here.
Update: Sold $66,000. | <urn:uuid:a3eaf180-5d37-4ed2-83bf-3b87613bd7a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.classiccarweekly.net/tag/northern/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.97463 | 605 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Sumitra and Anees: An Indian Marriage Tales and Recipes from a Khichdi Family Seema Chishti
200 pages|₹ 399
Anees and Sumitra Chishti (Courtesy: The Author and HarperCollins)
JOURNALIST SEEMA CHISHTI’S narration of an idyllic marriage between her parents, a Hindu woman from Mysore and a Syed Muslim from Deoria, is her argument against contemporary India’s drift towards state-backed surveillance and prevention of interfaith marriages and food practices. A child has the right to portray her deceased parents’ marriage in ways she likes. But when Chishti uses her parents’ marriage as evidence in a debate on consequential political and social issues, such as love jihad, then both the marriage and the merit in using it as an argument invite scrutiny.
Chishti is no Miriam Margolyes, the rare public figure who frequently refers to outré moments in her parents’ marriage—an alliance, as she says, was between a desperately shy man and a loud, fat, caustic woman. In Chishti’s book, professional ambitions bring Anees and Sumitra to Delhi in the sixties. They meet, marry, and live happily ever after. The story is almost like a family album, where pictures have been curated to construct an almost endless state of marital peace, if not bliss.
Chishti’s book fortifies an ironic literary pattern where blissful marriages exist far more in non-fiction than in fiction. The burden of portraying bleak marriages is then left to literature, where reality can be savoured without embarrassment for anyone. From Anna Karenina in the Russian literary classic to Man Booker winning Han Kang’s The Vegetarian, marriage has been consistently portrayed as a state of oppression for one or both partners. Strands of simmering discontent and uneasy equilibrium mark RK Narayan’s The Guide when the lovers start living together like a married couple. Ghachar Ghochar by Vivek Shanbhag, a recent story of covert violence in domesticity, tells us that even now illustrious Indian writers treat marriage with a certain amount of pessimism and wariness.
Nothing disturbs Sumitra’s marriage to Anees. The wife is older than her husband by eight years. Sumitra works as an economist at the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, rises to the position of director, and then moves to Jawaharlal Nehru University as a professor. Anees, the journalist, sees a steady if not spectacular career. It could not have been easy for the couple to nurture a marriage and a child while balancing demanding professional lives within a modest budget.
The intellectual accomplishments of Anees and Sumitra invite comparisons with a book on the married life of another distinguished couple—literary critic John Bayley and novelist Iris Murdoch. In Elegy for Iris, many anecdotes add up to what Bayley has described as “the manoeuvres and rivalries of intellect… the power struggles and surrenders of adult loving”. Unfortunately, Chishti either lacks these insights into her parents’ marriage or is diffident about sharing them. In the process, the story of this unusual marriage is robbed of its authenticity.
Chishti’s book has a political dimension. It is a constructive attempt to engage with the debate around love jihad. But is it a case of, to frame it bluntly, bringing out one’s umbrella in a hurricane?
Love jihad is a political reaction to perceived expansionism by Islam—a religion that sanctions and indeed mandates conversion—against Hinduism that has no scope for conversions. Castes are the building blocks of Hindu society. Hindutva knows Hinduism cannot convert because there is no guideline on which caste the converted will be assigned.
In this context, Hindutva views the twin acts of marriage and conversion as that of a foreign patriarchy that challenges its own patriarchy and, by extension, seeks to annihilate its society. The Hindutva argument against interfaith marriage, especially to a Muslim man, is not concerned with marital bliss or discord between the couple. A vivid account of one blissful marriage, however genuine, does little to address a portentous struggle for numerical, social, and political supremacy. | <urn:uuid:702d9196-3c7d-48ae-bc60-40b610fab8ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://openthemagazine.com/lounge/books/happily-ever-after/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.941756 | 903 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Thursday, January 23, 2014
Posted By amy @ 11:26 am | No Comments
Please join Carol Strickland as she tours virtually for The Eagle and the Swan from March 13-April 17.
For 1,500 years she has been cruelly maligned by history. Labelled as corrupt, immoral and sexually depraved by the sixth-century historian Procopius in his notorious Secret History, the Byzantine Empress Theodora was condemned to be judged a degenerate harlot by posterity. Until now. Due to a conviction that its contents would only be understood by generations of the distant future, a manuscript that has remained unopened for a millennium and a half is about to set the record straight. It will unravel the deepest secrets of a captivating and charismatic courtesan, her unlikely romance with an Emperor, and her rise to power and influence that would outshine even Cleopatra. This historical novel traces the love affairs, travails, machinations, scandals and triumphs of a cast of real characters who inhabit an Empire at its glorious and fragile peak. It’s the tale of a dazzling civilization in its Golden Age; one which, despite plague, earthquakes and marauding Huns, would lay the foundation for modern Europe as we know it.
Praise for The Eagle and the Swan
“It’s a book rife with detail and passion. If you like historical fiction this book hits on all cylinders. The level of detail in terms of prose and historical relevance is engaging. And THEN the plot is what’s moving. The love and lust combined with a compelling story, taking on universal themes from a cross section of history, makes for a gripping work.”
“Carol Strickland has written a masterful epic. It is beautifully crafted and impossible to put down.”
“Beautiful storytelling. Fascinating and well-developed characters. What an interesting time in history! This book was thoroughly enjoyable from start to finish. The Eagle and the Swan is a must-read!”
Buy the eBook
Carol Strickland is an art and architecture critic, prize-winning screenwriter, and journalist who’s contributed to The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Christian Science Monitor, and Art in America magazine. A Ph.D. in literature and former writing professor, she’s author of The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in the History of Art from Prehistoric to Post-Modern (which has sold more than 400,000 copies in multiple editions and translations), The Annotated Arch: A Crash Course in the History of Architecture, The Illustrated Timeline of Art History, The Illustrated Timeline of Western Literature, and monographs on individual artists.
While writing on masterpieces of Byzantine art (glorious mosaics in Ravenna, Italy featuring Theodora and Justinian and the monumental Hagia Sophia basilica in Istanbul built by Justinian), Strickland became fascinated by the woman who began life as a swan dancer and her husband, an ex-swineherd.
Knowing how maligned they were by the official historian of their era Procopius, who wrote a slanderous “Secret History” vilifying them, Strickland decided to let the audacious Theodora tell her story. She emerges not just as the bear-keeper’s daughter and a former prostitute who ensnared the man who became emperor, but as a courageous crusader against the abuse of women, children, and free-thinkers.
Virtual Book Tour Schedule
Thursday, March 13
Review at Flashlight Commentary
Thursday, March 20
Review at Unabridged Chick
Friday, March 21
Interview & Giveaway at Unabridged Chick
Monday, March 24
Interview & Giveaway at The Maiden’s Court
Tuesday, March 25
Spotlight & Giveaway at Passages to the Past
Monday, March 31
Review & Giveaway at Peeking Between the Pages
Wednesday, April 2
Review at Book Drunkard
Friday, April 4
Review at Just One More Chapter
Monday, April 7
Review & Giveaway at Historical Fiction Obsession
Monday, April 14
Review at Oh, For the Hook of a Book
Wednesday, April 16
Review & Giveaway at Broken Teepee
Thursday, April 17
Guest Post & Giveaway at Historical Fiction Connection | <urn:uuid:cf412902-ac0f-4296-aaea-f9997277ad26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hfvirtualbooktours.com/theeagleandtheswantour/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949607 | 916 | 1.742188 | 2 |
2 edition of Methanol in Ontario found in the catalog.
Methanol in Ontario
by Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto in Toronto
Written in English
Bibliography: p. 80-87.
|Statement||by Donald Mackay, Russell Sutherland ; a preliminary report prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Energy.|
|Contributions||Sutherland, Russell,, Ontario. Ministry of Energy|
|LC Classifications||TP594 M3|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||viii, 87 p. :|
|Number of Pages||87|
The Methanol to Hydrocarbons process was discovered at Mobil Oil in This process is used to convert methanol to products such as olefins and gasoline. The methanol can first be obtained from coal or natural gas. In the Methanol to Olefins (MTO) process, the methanol is then converted to olefins such as ethylene and propylene. Methanol (labeled with (14)C) is slowly metabolized by rat and in 2 days is excreted as carbon dioxide (65% of dose), and unchanged methanol (14%) in expired air, and as formate (3.
Methanol is widely used, mainly because many of the compounds dissolved in it with great freedom, which is important for the plant material, moreover, easily evaporates so it can be separated from Missing: Ontario. Methanol: health and safety guide. (Health and safety guide; no. ) l, Methyl-toxicity nmental exposure ISBN 92 4 2 ISSN (NLM Classification: QV 83) The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to .
Buying Methanol Methanol can be bought through several types of distributors, as it is sold for several different uses. The price can vary from $2 a gallon to $4 a gallon. Methanol is made from natural gas and the price fluctuates with the price of natural gas. It is sold either 'by the gallon' (ie bring your own gas cans) or by the drum- These are the worst of times, as mankind endures a plague whose point of origin distinctly coincides with the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of aspartame—an artificial sweetener containing methanol, which is metabolized into deadly formaldehyde within the brain and sinew of all who consume it. I am a food scientist who warned.
history of experimental psychology.
Small business access to equity and venture capital
Needlecraft in the school.
Modern carnival glass collectors.
Children of the kibbutz
Handbook of Practical Solid-State Troubleshooting (Reward Books)
Printed rarities in the Hebrew Union College Library.
Fractionated reaction time and movement time in response to a visual stimulus.
vindication of the appendix to the poems, called Rowleys, in reply to the answers of the Dean of Exeter, Jacob Bryant
Mahatma Buddha, an Arya reformer
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That South West Africa may become a self-sufficient and independent state
Tetrastylon papisticum, that is, The foure principal pillars of papistrie
Methanol: Science and Engineering provides a comprehensive review of the chemistry, properties, and current and potential uses and applications of methanol. Divided into four parts, the book begins with a detailed account of current production methods and their economics.
The second part deals with the applications of methanol. Methanol, or methyl alcohol, is the simplest alcohol, appearing as a colorless liquid with a distinctive smell. Nowadays, it is considered one of the most useful chemical compounds.
In fact, it is one of the most promising building blocks for obtaining more complex chemical structures, such as acetic acid, methyl tertiary butyl ether, dimethyl ether, methylamine, etc.
The Toxicology of Methanol begins with an introduction to methanol production and markets. It then explores the impact of methanol on the environment, presenting realistic scenarios that demonstrate what can happen when large quantities of methanol are accidentally released into the environment.
Next, the book covers:Format: Hardcover. Ethanol Content in Ontario Fuels Although many sources proclaim that ethanol infused gasoline is better for vehicles and fully compatible with older vehicles, that just isn't so.
In the case of our Yamaha XJs, ethanol is neither better nor compatible. It leads to lower File Size: KB. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow more. Methanol is miscible in both gasoline and water; however, its affinity for water is greater than that for gasoline.
A solution of methanol and water is not miscible in gasoline. Methanol-water solutions form a separate phase that sinks to the floor of tanks, tanker trailers, and secondary spill containment.
Find Methanol in Canada | Visit Kijiji Classifieds to buy, sell, or trade almost anything. New and used items, cars, real estate, jobs, services, vacation rentals and more virtually anywhere in Ontario.
Methanol Production Technology: Todays and future Renewable Solutions. We have been committed to catalytic process technology for more than 70 years Founded in by Dr. Haldor Topsøe Revenue: million Euros employees Headquarters in Denmark.
Methanol and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Until years ago, methanol was an extremely rare component of the human diet and is still rarely consumed in contemporary hunter and gatherer cultures.
With the invention of canning in the s, canned and bottled fruits and vegetables, whose methanol content greatly exceeds that of their fresh counterparts, became far more prevalent. Methanol tastes and smells much like common alcohol (ethanol) and has been used as a substitute in illegal alcoholic beverages.
In Marchthree people died in northern Ontario as a result of methanol poisoning from a bad batch of moonshine. Here is a quote from a poster on this site: " Premium fuel now has ethanol in it, not just regular. There are only 4 refineries in Canada, so you are getting ethanol in your gasoline.
And NO the Governments did not serve notice of this". Since this is the first I have heard of this, I decided to contact Shell directly to see if this statement is correct as I understand their V-Power fuel.
Duda Diesel Meth ml / 32 oz Bottle of Pure Methanol Racing Biodiesel Gasoline Antifreeze Windshield Wiper Fluid, Ounces out of 5 stars 40 $ $ 81Missing: Ontario. Ishihara, J. Labuta, in Supra-Materials Nanoarchitectonics, Methanol Sensing.
Methanol and ethanol are drawing a great deal of attention as next-generation liquid fuels with a potential for wide use in the future. Since both methanol and ethanol are colorless liquids, it is difficult to differentiate methanol and ethanol with the naked g: Ontario.
The Ontario government is proposing to double the minimum amount of ethanol required in gasoline, a step that would form one of the province's most significant cuts to carbon : Mike Crawley. Plant Name City Province Feedstock Capacity (Mmly) Status Archer Daniels Midland Lloydminster Alberta Canola Operational BIOX Corporation Hamilton Ontario Multi-feedstock 66 Operational Consolidated Biofuels Ltd.
Delta British Columbia Yellow grease 11 Operational Atlantic Biodiesel Welland Ontario Multi-feedstock File Size: KB. Methanol occurs as a flammable, mobile, colorless liquid that is miscible with water.
(3) Methanol has a slightly alcoholic odor when pure and a repulsive, pungent odor when in its crude form; it is difficult to smell methanol in the air at less than 2, parts per million (ppm) (2, mg/m 3).
(1,2) The vapor pressure for methanol is 92 torr. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol amongst other names, is a chemical with the formula C H 3 O H (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH).
It is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odour similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). A polar solvent, methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced Solubility in water: miscible.
Methanol (CH3OH), also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, or wood spirit, the simplest of a long series of organic compounds called alcohols, consisting of a methyl group (CH 3) linked with a hydroxy group (OH).
Methanol was formerly produced by the destructive distillation of wood. OTTAWA — The federal government is looking to increase the amount of ethanol that can be blended into Canadian gasoline by 50 per cent, part of.
Sym. No Approximate Selected Freq. Infrared Raman Comments ; Species type of mode Value Rating Value Phase Value Phase.methanol, but may not be effective for extinguishing a fire because it will not cool methanol below its flash point.
If water is used for cooling, the solution will spread if not contained. Mixtures of methanol and water at concentrations greater than 20% methanol are still considered flammable. Missing: Ontario.Methanol is a liquid petrochemical, in small amounts and low concentrations, it’s a “naturally occurring” substance, produced by living organisms, and manufactured from a variety of organic and inorganic sources.
London, Ontario N5V 3A1, Canada Get Directions. Toll Free: Local: Fax: General. | <urn:uuid:a0e4a169-1f9f-4c48-86b3-925c40cd6c0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fykocimaxi.gedatsuusakendodojo.com/methanol-in-ontario-book-15924zc.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.905037 | 2,112 | 2.390625 | 2 |
I am thinking it will be sooner…
Former President Donald Trump could be “just a warm-up act,” the founding director of the Cascade Institute at Royal Roads University in British Columbia wrote in a Globe and Mail op-ed published last week.
Trump could return to the White House and serve as “the wrecking ball that demolishes democracy” to produce “a political and social shambles,” Homer-Dixon wrote. That would set the stage “for a more managerially competent ruler” to “bring order to the chaos he’s created,” he added.
“We mustn’t dismiss these possibilities just because they seem ludicrous or too horrible to imagine,” the political scientist continued. “In 2014, the suggestion that Donald Trump would become president would also have struck nearly everyone as absurd. But today we live in a world where the absurd regularly becomes real and the horrible commonplace.”
Homer-Dixon, a “scholar of violent conflict” for more than four decades, warned in his essay that Canada is “woefully unprepared” for the “terrible storm” that “is coming from the south,” having “turned our attention inward” during the coronavirus pandemic.
“But now we must focus on the urgent problem of what to do about the likely unraveling of democracy in the United States,” he wrote. “We need to start by fully recognizing the magnitude of the danger. If Mr Trump is re-elected, even under the more optimistic scenarios the economic and political risks to our country will be innumerable.” | <urn:uuid:20a278ce-730c-476e-96e4-8bcf3dfc7546> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://habitablezone.com/2022/01/04/right-wing-dictatorship-by-2030-if-not-sooner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.960463 | 353 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Any UK companies doing business with the rest of the EU, or even just in the UK but relying on customers and suppliers who deal with the rest of the EU, should be keeping an eye out for the ramifications of Brexit, in particular considering we are edging closer to a no-deal version of it. These include the effect on the rights and obligations the business has assumed in its commercial contracts. Furthermore, not only will Brexit need taking into account when new contracts are entered into, but existing contracts may also need revisiting and amending. Some of them, after all, will have been drafted and negotiated when the prospect of the UK leaving the EU was considered remote.
Most commercial contracts such as licences or distribution agreements which confer rights in a defined territory often, if that territory is “Europe”, define it with reference to the Members States of the EU or the EEA. At some point these will no longer include the UK (assuming, as appears to be likely, the UK leaves the EEA when it leaves the EU):
- For existing contracts granting rights in the EU, the parties need to decide whether the UK will continue to be included as part of the contract territory post-Brexit.
- New contracts would do well to provide for whether the “EU” as defined will include or exclude the UK at the outset and, if it is to be included, whether, when the UK leaves the EU, it should remain part of the contract territory or not.
For the sake of convenience and because it will remain a key territory after the Brexit transition period, many contracting parties will probably wish to keep the UK within the contract’s definition of Europe whatever happens to its relationship with the rest of the continent. However, in case other Member States ever leave too, it would be advisable for contracts to provide for what happens to any country which quits the EU and not restrict this contingency plan to the UK.
To summarise, Brexit currently means the following changes:
- Restrictions on the movement of people, meaning key staff may be more difficult to secure or keep.
- The UK diverging (albeit gradually and incrementally) from the EU in legal and regulatory terms, meaning “one size fits all” products and services may no longer be possible in some cases and the UK may go its own way in areas like VAT, data protection and competition law.
- Possibly higher trade barriers between the UK and the EU.
- The pound’s value increasing and decreasing in turn as this story continues to play out.
- Changes in the competition regime governing exhaustion of rights and parallel importation.
- Possible restrictions on the flow of personal data of EU citizens to and from the UK.
All of the above could have a significant effect on the suitability and attainability of existing contractual provisions relating to matters like data transfers, development and delivery times, pricing, royalty calculation, minimum purchase targets and product liability. For existing contracts, therefore, the parties need to ask the following questions:
- Do any clauses need renegotiating?
- If the other side will not renegotiate or we cannot agree the changes, should I terminate on notice (if I can)?
- Is there any scope to get out of the contract by relying on force majeure or break clauses?
- How much scope will there be to mitigate (and maybe even reverse) any disruption by shifting focus to operations and markets outside the EU? Does the contract allow this?
- Depending on whether the EU grants the UK an adequacy decision with regard to the UK’s data protection measures, will further contractual clauses need to be provided for when transferring the personal data of EU citizens? (for more information on this particular issue, please see the following article)
All of these issues should also be considered when new contracts are entered into. Since the ultimate outcome of Brexit is still uncertain, they should ideally be drafted with maximum flexibility built in so that a range of scenarios can be accommodated.
Currently, if a contract between parties in different countries is silent on what law and jurisdiction will apply, the issue is addressed by European conventions and regulations which may no longer apply to Britain post-Brexit. It will therefore be doubly important to include clauses in the agreement providing for which state’s law and jurisdiction it will be subject to.
Furthermore, once the UK has left the EU:
- It may be harder for a successful UK litigant to enforce a judgment in the EU; and
- If it litigates in the courts of an EU Member State it may find itself getting less favourable treatment than before as an outsider, especially if Brexit negotiations end up being fraught and acrimonious.
Consequently, picking partners carefully, managing contractual relationships and only signing up to attainable obligations will be doubly important.
It will be hard to plan for all of the above eventualities since the ultimate destination of the Brexit train is unclear. Whereas previously, the train moving slowly was potentially beneficial, now with the final transition date of January 1st 2021 arriving imminently such slow developments could prove to be a hard no-deal Brexit; ultimately not being the position many of us would have hoped for. This being said, the reset relationship between the UK and the EU, and how it affects trade and innovation, will still evolve over time. That will give those who are prepared for the new climate the opportunity to adapt and make the most of the coming challenges and opportunities. | <urn:uuid:0a287d59-4353-45c2-84f4-058a570ad39f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marks-clerk.com/insights/articles/what-will-brexit-mean-for-your-commercial-contracts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949303 | 1,121 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Here is a link to the original story on the team's website.
Greenville and the Upstate region has a rich baseball history. Everyone knows the stories of “Shoeless” Joe Jackson and others, including Tommy Lasorda, Nolan Ryan, and Jim Rice. However, the lesser known stories include the Greenville Black Spinners, St. Anthony’s, and Sterling High School – teams that also utilized Mayberry Park and Meadowbrook Park.
As the Drive continues the celebration of Black History Month, we are proud to pay homage to the Greenville Black Spinners, with a commemorative Greenville Black Spinners t-shirt. You can pre-order the t-shirt by CLICKING HERE. Proceeds from the sale of this t-shirt will support the City of Greenville’s Unity Park project, particularly the restoration of Mayberry Park.
Greenville Drive owner Craig Brown and his wife, Vicki, are among the first partners with the City of Greenville in donating to Unity Park. The couple provided funding for the restoration and preservation of historic Mayberry Park, built in the 1920s for Black children at a time they were not allowed to play in the city’s segregated parks. Mayberry Park, which sat just beyond the outfield wall of Meadowbrook Park, will be known as Mayberry Field when Unity Park opens in spring 2022.
The following passages were taken from the upcoming book, Voices from Meadowbrook Park, Memories of Greenville, South Carolina’s Historic Baseball Park (1938-1972) written by Greenville historian, author, and Drive season ticket holder, Mike Chibbaro. The book will be released in late March 2022, and can be preordered by CLICKING HERE.
On a warm June morning in 2021, John Calvin Whiteside returned for a visit to Mayberry Park. He stood in a familiar spot on the grass covered infield, halfway between second and third base. More than fifty years have passed since Whiteside was a slick fielding shortstop for his high school team, the Sterling Tigers. Sterling practiced at Mayberry Park and played its home games at the adjacent Meadowbrook Park.
Whiteside was one of many youth from the surrounding neighborhoods who chased down baseballs beyond the boundaries of Meadowbrook Park, sometimes even jumping into the Reedy River to retrieve the souvenir. “We would take the balls and sell them to the White parents going into the game who gave them to their children. We would get anywhere from twenty-five cents to a dollar for a ball, which would give us money to go to a movie, plus buy us something at the concession stand,” Whiteside remembered. “Sometimes we would take the ball to the gate at Meadowbrook and if we gave it back, they would let us in the game free.”
Whiteside and his friends often watched games at Meadowbrook standing atop a small hill outside the park and peering over the left field wall. “I remember standing on that hill watching Willie Stargell hit one over the right field wall and over the Reedy River,” Whiteside’s cousin, Marion Butler, said about a memorable home run the future Hall of Famer hit in 1961 while playing for the Asheville Tourists.
On that June morning when Whiteside returned to his shortstop position at Mayberry Park, the sounds of heavy construction equipment could be heard as workers graded the land for the planned 60-acre, $40 million Unity Park. The new park is in part an attempt by the city to right some of the past wrongs related to the inadequacy of recreational facilities offered to Greenville’s Blacks during segregation. Whiteside smiles at the irony of the massive construction in an area where the city’s investment was so minimal during the days of his childhood.
“The infield at Mayberry was lots of lumps and bumps. We’d have to pick up rocks and glass out of the infield before practice,” Whiteside said. “We had a single merry go round that held about three of us, a swing set and one see-saw.”
The distance between the outfield fence of Mayberry Park and the concrete outfield wall of Meadowbrook Park was a few hundred feet. In terms of access for Blacks, there was a vast chasm between the two parks, a divide that had been built over years of legalized racial segregation.
For most of Meadowbrook’s life, it was a place where Blacks were only allowed to use the park on selected dates and times, and their access came with a series of restrictions. If a Black resident attended a “non-Black” event they were forced to sit in the designated “colored section” along the third-base line. Separate, but certainly not equal, concession and restroom facilities were provided. Members of Black teams playing at Meadowbrook dressed in their uniforms prior to arriving at Meadowbrook as they were not allowed to use the park’s locker rooms.
Like many other American cities, Greenville’s Black community built its own baseball world. Author Donn Rogosin in his book, _Invisible Men, Life in Baseball’s Negro Leagues_, explains that these baseball sub-cultures were built out of necessity.
Baseball has long been called America’s game. It was not just white America’s game, it was a game loved by all races, but due to the segregated society that emerged in America during reconstruction, Black communities were forced to build their own baseball world.
In segregated America, great Black baseball players were forced to exhibit their talents behind a rigid color barrier—victims of the unwritten law that no black man was allowed in the major leagues. Men of extraordinary athletic ability passed their lives in obscurity, absent from the sport pages of the white newspapers, obliterated from American sports history.
Confronted by an intolerant society, the Black athlete and the Black community built their own sports world. Black teams were formed and later, black leagues…Black teams, representing Black communities, formed a replica of major-league baseball, separate and unequal in everything but athletic ability.
Baseball was played non-stop by youth at Mayberry Park or on any other open field within the black neighborhoods of Greenville. Adults played baseball as well as softball on evenings and weekends.
Meadowbrook Park became the home field for games for the following Black teams: The Sterling High School Tigers, The Greenville Black Spinners, The Greenville Red Socks, the St. Anthony Braves and the Greenville Negro All-Stars. The most prominent of the semi-pro teams was the Greenville Black Spinners.
The first reference to an organized Black baseball team in Greenville dates to 1910 when The Greenville News reported on a game between the Greenville Giants and a similar team from Anderson. The Giants were referred to as “Greenville’s fast colored team” and one of “the best colored teams in the State.” The team disappeared around the time World War I began but made a brief reappearance in the late 1940s.
The Black Spinners were a collection of mostly local players who competed against teams like the Spartanburg Sluggers, Easley Browns, Asheville Blues, Charlotte Black Hornets or the Raleigh Tigers. Initially, home games were played on the baseball field on Perry Avenue and later at Graham Field, and Meadowbrook became the Black Spinners official home when it opened in 1938. Many of the Black Spinners games were scheduled for Monday evenings when the park was not being used by Greenville’s White professional team.
Infrequent and brief accounts of Black Spinners’ contests appeared in The Greenville News from 1921 to 1969. Advertisements for the games always included the following statement: “A special section will be reserved for white fans at the game.” Most often, this meant that the entire grandstand section on the third base side was reserved for Whites. The games drew large crowds, particularly those against archrival Spartanburg. Whenever gate receipts were significant enough, players were paid small amounts of money for their play.
Meadowbrook also became a stop-over for traveling Negro League teams. The Kansas City Monarchs appeared at Meadowbrook in 1955, 1961 and 1962. The Monarchs opponent in their August 16, 1962 visit to Meadowbrook was the Harlem Stars, a team that featured legendary Hall of Fame pitcher Leroy “Satchel” Paige. The 56-year-old Paige hurled three scoreless innings before a sparse crowd of 528 as Harlem defeated Kansas City 8-4.
The Indianapolis Clowns of the Negro American League played at Meadowbrook eight times between 1953 and 1970. The 1953 appearance of the Clowns showcased their second baseman Toni Stone, the first female player in the Negro Leagues.
A barnstorming group of Negro Major League All-Stars played a series of exhibition games throughout the southeast in 1960 and stopped at Meadowbrook on the evening of October 20. The game featured the Milwaukee Braves’ Hank Aaron who went on to break Babe Ruth’s career homerun record, along with the L.A. Dodgers Maury Wills, Cincinnati’s Vada Pinson and Cleveland’s Jim “Mudcat” Grant. The Greenville News promoted the game, yet no account of the game’s results appeared the following day in either the morning or evening papers in Greenville. | <urn:uuid:f9bdb381-59ce-43e0-b1f3-d19c6da52358> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clubphilanthropy.com/the-greenville-black-spinners-mayberry-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.973508 | 1,971 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Learning on vacation: students trek through Belize and Europe
Hiking through the jungle, snorkeling in reefs and touring the Louvre were a few of the adventures College of the Mainland students had on study abroad trips to Belize and Europe this summer.
Students traveled with COM sociology professor Luis Sabido, who is from Belize, on a trip to explore animal habitats and the nation’s many cultures.
“We got to go to a cacao farm and see where they make chocolate. We saw how hard they work, and it makes you want to work harder,” said student Tiffany Wilcox, of Galveston. “I realized I’m good with people and with communication – that’s something to build on in a career.”
Students visited with the Garifuna people and saw traditional drumming and dancing.
“We wanted students to interact with different cultures because these are skills companies look for – being able to put themselves in other people’s shoes and see how people form their opinions,” said Sabido.
Bethel Moreno, of Dickinson, is minoring in psychology, which motivated her to join the trip.
“I learned so much – Belize’s people are so knowledgeable and passionate about their country. Another favorite was the Mayan sites. So much history was packed into one area and it was an honor being able to see the tombs of prior Mayan rulers,” said Moreno. “Snorkeling in the great barrier reef was unforgettable! It's not every day you get to see crystal-clear water with a full habitat living beneath your feet.”
London and Paris
Professor Doug Alvarez and 11 students in his Introductory Psychology class trekked through Europe touring the Freud Museum and one of the world’s first mental hospitals in London.
They explored the senses – touring a perfume museum and “dining in the dark” at a pitch-black restaurant in France with a mystery menu.
"When you lose one sense like sight, your others senses are heightened. We heard other diners speaking different languages. There’s a lot going on,” said Alvarez.
Students also listened to a professor lecture on how French and American mental health treatments and health care systems differ.
“I got to eat iconic foods such as fish and chips from London and crepes in Paris. Also, I got to see the Eiffel Tower light up at night on a breathtaking boat ride that gave view to so many historically important buildings. I was so astonished by all the stunning artwork at the Louvre, especially the Mona Lisa, which I did a report on just last semester!” said student Karol Paredes, of Bacliff. “I learned that there is so much of this world to explore! It's human nature to be scared and I was a little intimidated at first, but once you take that leap you feel so glad and grateful that you did. I can't wait to go on another trip, learn a new language, and hopefully stay for a longer period of time!”
Three students were helped by a COM Foundation scholarship, funded by Alvarez and others, to take the study abroad trip.
Next summer COM will have a “Mind and Matter” tour of Vienna, London and Amsterdam with biology and psychology classes.
Germany and the Czech Republic
Dr. James Heffel and the COM choirs toured – and performed – in Germany and the Czech Republic this summer.
“The Mainland Chamber Chorale and Duck and Cover A Cappella wowed audiences in venues in Leipzig and Prague,” said Heffel.
The two groups presented an hour-long show featuring traditional American music.
“The Vocal Arts at COM represented the College in its finest light, as goodwill musical ambassadors to our European friends,” said Heffel.
COM choirs have previously toured in Ireland and Italy.
For more information about COM study abroad trips, visit www.com.edu/study-abroad. | <urn:uuid:ac38967f-0709-4414-af23-56f655a576ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://com.edu/news/archived/2017-08-07-learning-on-vacation-students-trek-through-belize-and-europe.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962854 | 857 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Can you boil maple sap in aluminum? This is a question that many people are asking, as it seems like a great way to save on pots and pans.
However, there is some concern that the sap might react with the aluminum and produce toxins.
In this blog post, we will explore the issue and see what the science has to say about it!
Do you need to boil the sap of maple using the aluminum?
It is not necessary to boil the sap of maple trees using aluminum pans. While aluminum pans can shift from level while boiling, creating high spots that can result in burning, this is not likely to be an issue if the sap has already been run through.
Pans made from other materials, such as stainless steel, are less likely to cause problems.
In addition, aluminum pans can be lined with parchment paper to prevent sticking and burning.
As a result, there is no need to avoid using aluminum when boiling maple sap.
Is it possible to cook maple sap using aluminum in pans?
Maple sap can be cooked using aluminum in pans.
This is done by placing an aluminum container on an outdoor propane burner stand and adding the sap to it.
The sap will then boil for approximately 8 hours.
This method of cooking maple sap is quick and efficient, and it produces a product that is similar in taste and appearance to the sap that is collected from maple trees.
Cooking maple sap using aluminum in pans is a quick and efficient way to produce a product that is similar in taste and appearance to the sap that is collected from maple trees.
This method of cooking maple sap uses an aluminum container that is placed on an outdoor propane burner stand, and the sap is added to it.
The sap will then boil for approximately 8 hours.
The result is a product that taste and looks like the real thing!
Is it possible to make the maple syrup using an aluminum skillet?
It’s possible to make maple syrup using an aluminum skillet, although it’s not the ideal method.
Aluminum skillets conduct heat differently than stainless steel skillets, and they can cause the syrup to scorch more easily.
For best results, use a flat stainless steel skillet set over an oven to cook off the majority of moisture.
You can also use a wood stove or gas grill, an outdoor grill, or any other heating source to initiate the process outdoors. Just be sure to watch the syrup carefully so it doesn’t scorch.
With a little care and attention, you can successfully make delicious maple syrup in an aluminum skillet.
What is the best way to boil the sap of maple in?
Maple sap can be boiled down in a number of different ways, but the most important factor is to make sure that the heat is kept at a simmer.
If the sap is boiled too quickly, it can create unwanted fumes and make the final product darker in color.
The best way to avoid this is to use a large pan or pot that is only 3/4 full of sap.
As the sap begins to simmer down, pour in additional sap to keep the pan at least 1/4 to 1/2 full.
This will help to regulate the heat and prevent the sap from boiling too quickly.
Once the sap has been reduced by half, it can be removed from the heat and allowed to cool.
The final product will be a rich, dark syrup that can be used in a variety of recipes.
Is it possible to boil Old Maple sap?
One of the most important aspects of making syrup is boiling the sap.
This breaks down the complex sugars into simpler ones, making them more easily digestible for humans.
However, some people have difficulty boiling the sap every day, and must hold onto it for longer periods of time.
If you find yourself in this situation, it is important to cool the sap as quickly as possible.
The ideal temperature for storing sap is below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
However, if you can’t achieve this, simply put the sap in a container and place it in a cool, dark place.
By taking these precautions, you can ensure that your sap remains usable for syrup-making.
How long will the process take for boiling 20 Gallons of sap?
It takes about 12-14 hours to boil 20 gallons of sap down to 1 gallon of syrup.
This is done over an open air flame, typically with wood. The entire process can take about 2 days.
This includes the time it takes to set up the equipment, boil the sap, and clean up afterwards.
After the sap has been boiled down to syrup, it can be stored in a container for later use.
It is important to sterilize the containers before use, to prevent the growth of bacteria.
Boiling the sap down to syrup is a relatively simple process, but it does take some time.
With a little patience, you can enjoy delicious syrup all year long!
Is it possible to cook maple sap with cast iron?
Maple sap can be boiled down to create maple syrup, and this process can be done with a cast iron pot.
The pot will need to be large in order to accommodate all of the sap, and it should be placed over a flame or on a large flat aluminum pan.
The sap should be kept at a gentle rolling boil, and any foam that forms should be skimmed away.
Once the sap comes to a boil, the remaining sap can be added. This process will take some time, but eventually the sap will be reduced to syrup.
Cast iron is an effective material for this process, as it conducts heat well and can maintain a consistent temperature.
This will help to produce a high-quality syrup.
Are aluminum sap buckets safe?
While aluminum sap buckets are generally considered safe, there is some evidence that the acid in sap can leach metals from the bucket into the syrup.
This can cause the syrup to change color, from a light amber to a dark grey.
While this is not necessarily harmful, it does indicate that the bucket is not as food-safe as other materials like stainless steel.
If you are concerned about leaching, you can choose to use food-grade plastic buckets instead.
These are designed to resist leaching of contaminants, and so are a safer option for storing sap or syrup.
Is it possible to make sap boil in a pan that roasts?
Sap from sugar maples is typically boiled down to make syrup, but it’s also possible to roast the sap in a pan.
This process is similar to making caramel: the sap is heated until it turns a deep golden brown, and then it’s strained and bottled.
The resulting product is a bit like molasses, with a rich, complex flavor. It can be used in baking or as a topping for pancakes or ice cream.
To roast sap in a pan, start with at least 2 inches of sap. Bring it to a simmer over low heat and then cook it until it turns golden brown.
This can take several hours, so be patient. Once the sap has caramelized, strain it through a cheesecloth and then bottle it.
Store it in the fridge and use as needed. Enjoy your homemade roasted sap!
Do you simmer maple sap copper kettles?
Many people believe that the best way to boil maple sap is in a copper kettle.
Copper kettles have a long history of being used for this purpose, dating back to the early days of maple syrup production.
While there are other methods of boiling sap, many syrup makers believe that copper kettles produce the best results.
There are several reasons for this. First of all, copper is an excellent conductor of heat, which means that it can quickly and evenly heat the sap.
Additionally, copper kettles are less likely to cause the sap to scorch or burn.
Finally, using a copper kettle helps to give the syrup a characteristic golden-brown color.
While some manufacturers now use stainless steel kettles, many traditionalists still prefer the taste and color of syrup made in a copper kettle.
Aluminum pans can be used to boil maple sap, but they may warp and cause scorching.
If you are careful to keep the sap boiling at a low level, an aluminum pan should work just fine. | <urn:uuid:ef104a7d-208f-4622-8efc-2f049a5cd8a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://iforgotitswednesday.com/can-you-boil-maple-sap-in-aluminum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.932709 | 1,732 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Unionized workers at Chile’s Escondida copper mine, the world’s largest, began Thursday a 24-hour strike to protest recent layoffs affecting about 3% of the operation’s workforce.
Majority owner and operator BHP (ASX, NYSE:BHP) (LON:BLT), had said Wednesday the downsizing was part of ongoing adjustments to the mine’s workflow.
But Escondida’s 2,500-member main union said in a statement (in Spanish) it was an act of “retaliation” for the 43-day strike that took place early this year, which translated into roughly $1 billion in lost revenue for BHP.
It also said the strike had been “massively backed” by its members, resulting in “total work stoppage,” adding it would repeat it next week should its demand not be met.
Escondida — responsible for about 5% of the world’s total copper output — failed to produced more than 120,000 tonnes of the red metal due to the February strike, which became the longest private-sector mining strike in Chile’s history.
For the rest of this article: http://www.mining.com/chiles-escondida-workers-strike-protest-layoffs/ | <urn:uuid:42276c7a-4df0-45df-9740-5641e7572a45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://republicofmining.com/2017/11/23/chiles-escondida-workers-on-strike-to-protest-layoffs-by-cecilia-jamasmie-mining-com-november-23-2017/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.96164 | 281 | 1.648438 | 2 |
"Dark money” consists of political contributions from sources that aren’t revealed before voters go to the polls. The “money” is"dark" because the public doesn’t know where it’s coming from. The term “dark money” appears to have been coined by the Sunlight Foundation in October 2010. The magazine Mother Jones has a regular column on Dark Money, but it appears that the Sunlight Foundation used the term before Mother Jones.
“Dark money” meaning “secretive money” has also been used before 2010, but usually as a banking term and not as a specific political term.
Wikipedia: Dark money
Dark money is a term for funds used to pay for an election campaign without proper disclosure before voters go to the polls. If an election is held and “dark funds” helped sway the voters, it is termed a dark election. Funds can be spent on the behalf of a candidate running in an election, or to influence voting on a ballot question.
The term “dark money” appears to have been coined by editors at Mother Jones Magazine to describe undisclosed funds that were used during the United States 2010 mid-term election. When paired, the two words “dark” and “money” accounted for the fact that voters were denied the knowledge of large campaign contributions and in kept in the dark. When used in common speech, the term is generally intended to imply that money can have a sinister side similar to the “Force of the dark side” from Star Wars.
During the 2012 US Presidential election at least one major news paper, The Boston Globe, also began to use the term. The originators of the term, Mother Jones magazine, described the “dark money” of that election as originating from a “secretive coterie” of donors that powers a “Lovecraftian monster that moves from State to State, dissolving the foundations of the Republic that originates.”
The Sunlight Foundation is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that uses the power of the Internet to catalyze greater government openness and transparency, and provides new tools and resources for media and citizens, alike. We are committed to improving access to government information by making it available online, indeed redefining “public” information as meaning “online,” and by creating new tools and websites to enable individuals and communities to better access that information and put it to use.
We want to catalyze greater government transparency by engaging individual citizens and communities—technologists, policy wonks, open government advocates and ordinary citizens –- demanding policies that will enable all of us to hold government accountable. Sunlight develops and encourages new government policies to make it more open and transparent, facilitates searchable, sortable and machine readable databases, builds tools and websites to enable easy access to information, fosters distributed research projects as a community building tool, engages in advocacy for 21st century laws to require that government make data available in real time and trains thousands of journalists and citizens in using data and the web to watchdog Washington.
OCLC WorldCat record
Reckless! : how debt, deregulation, and dark money nearly bankrupted America (and how we can fix it!)
Author: Byron L Dorgan
Publisher: New York : St. Martin’s Press, 2009.
Edition/Format: Book : English : 1st ed
(This is a different concept of “dark money.” Pg. 5: “It was a period of what I call dark money filled every crevice of the financial world. Outside of public view, the financial engineering of bizarre new risky, complex products grew and grew.”—ed.)
OCLC WorldCat record
Top producer : a novel of dark money, greed, and friendship
Author: Norb Vonnegut; Mel Foster
Publisher: [Old Saybrook, Conn.] : Tantor Media, 2009.
Edition/Format: eAudiobook : Fiction : EnglishView all editions and formats
In the wake of a man’s graphic murder in front of hundreds of party-goers, the victim’s best friend, investment expert Grove O’Rourke, is entreated by the man’s widow for help, a situation that is further complicated by a dark secret and an expensive cover-up.
by Bill Allison Oct. 18, 2010, 12:43 p.m.
A roundup of what we’re noticing in the Reporting Group as we dig into government data and disclosures:
Dark money: Of the 202 outside organizations spending money to influence the 2010 mid-term elections, just 93 of them have disclosed donors to Federal Election Commission. Some of the organizations may be disclosing donor information to the Internal Revenue Service. Keep checking the Reporting Group website for further details.
Sunlight Foundation Reporting Group
Dark money: Super PACs fueled by $97.5 million that can’t be traced to donors
By Ryan Sibley Oct 20 2010 11:31 a.m.
Of the $189 million spent so far by Super PACs, non-profits and labor unions to influence the 2010 mid-term elections, $97.5 million has come from groups that do not disclose any donors, an analysis of Federal Election Commission contribution records shows. That is, about 52 percent of the money spent so far on everything from political ads to phone banks to fliers promoting or opposing federal candidates has come from groups that don’t disclose the sources of their funds.
Follow the dark money: Secret donors target Obama’s old seat
by Bill Allison Oct. 28, 2010, 3:54 p.m.
Illinois Senate Democratic candidate Alexander Giannoulias, hoping to hold the seat that was once occupied by President Barack Obama for his party, has been the target of more attacks funded by undisclosed donors than any other candidate--more than $4.4 million, according to a preliminary review of disclosures that explicitly state whether a candidate is supported or opposed by an outside group.
Updated 11/3/2010 1:53 PM
By far the most pernicious element in this is the rising pool of dark money — the untraceable contributions of unlimited size that pour into attack ads. It often comes through non-profit groups incorporated like those that shelter the homeless or promote cancer awareness. And it provides a vehicle for wealthy individuals, companies or lobbying groups to fund anonymous attacks on a candidate who does not vote to their pleasure.
Published: Nov. 14, 2010 at 3:30 AM
‘Dark’ money clouds the political waters
After a U.S. Supreme Court ruling back in January opened the floodgates for unrestricted corporate and union spending in political campaigns, what started out as a mere trickle grew into a deluge of outside money by the time midterm elections arrived with a crash Nov. 2.
By MICHAEL KIRKLAND
WASHINGTON, Nov. 9 (UPI)—After a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in January opened the floodgates for unrestricted corporate and union spending on political campaigns, what started out as a mere trickle grew into a deluge of outside money by the time midterm elections arrived with a crash Nov. 2.
Much of the tens of millions of dollars raised as a result of the ruling has been “dark”—donors not identified.
Dems Eye Legal Attack on Shadow Spending Groups
Lawmakers and interest groups are crafting a strategy to challenge the tax status of dark money outfits like Karl Rove’s Crossroads GPS.
By Andy Kroll | Fri Jan. 28, 2011 4:00 AM PST
Democrats in Congress fighting to blunt the effects of the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision face an uphill battle in the 112th Congress.
Super-PACs and Dark Money: ProPublica’s Guide to the New World of Campaign Finance
July 11, 2011, 2:52PM
by Kim Barker and Marian Wang, ProPublica
The nation is gearing up for yet another “most expensive election in history,” the quadrennial exercise in which mind-numbing amounts of money pour into the political system. But this year promises more than just record spending--more money will be flowing from more players with more opportunities to hide the source.
OCLC WorldCat record
Dark money in politics
Author: Bill D Moyers; Clara Jeffery; Monika Bauerlein; Thomas Frank; Public Affairs Television (Firm); All authors
Publisher: [United States] : Public Affairs Television, Inc. ; 2012.
Edition/Format: DVD video : English
Episode guests: Mother Jones editors Clara Jeffery and Monika Bauerlein, historian Thomas Frank.
Boston (MA) Globe
Ruling allows major political donors to hide identities
February 15, 2012|By Brian C. Mooney
When the Supreme Court ruled two years ago that corporations could make unlimited political donations, the justices probably did not have in mind big checks from paper corporations operating from an address at a postal box or an accounting firm.
It’s one aspect of a phenomenon known as “dark money’’ to super PACs that help specific candidates even though they technically operate independently. The other shade of dark money involves funds flowing to super PACs from several tax-exempt “social welfare’’ advocacy groups, which do not disclose any information about donors.
THURSDAY, MAR 8, 2012 03:28 PM CST
The GOP’s new love of “dark money”
In 2000, it was Republicans like McCain and Castle—not Democrats—who were pushing for donor disclosures
BY JUSTIN ELLIOTT, PROPUBLICA
Last month, when House Democrats introduced the DISCLOSE 2012 Act to try to stop the flow of secret “dark money” into the electoral process, it marked an ironic twist.
It Takes Dark Money to Make Dark Money
Karl Rove’s dark-money group doles out $2.75 million to an outfit fighting to keep dark money in the dark.
—By Andy Kroll | Fri Apr. 20, 2012 3:00 AM PDT
When Crossroads GPS, the conservative nonprofit started by GOP political gurus Karl Rove and Ed Gillespie, isn’t dropping millions of dollars on anti-Obama ads, it’s doling out tens of millions more to like-minded groups. “The ATM of the Right,” Politico recently called Crossroads. Between May 2010 and December 2011, new tax records show, Crossroads gave $4 million to Grover Norquist’s Americans for Tax Reform and $500,000 to former Sen. Norm Coleman’s American Action Network, among others.
New York City • Government/Law/Military/Religion /Health • (0) Comments • Sunday, October 07, 2012 • Permalink | <urn:uuid:f7375627-de22-49b3-b325-760abe93222d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/comments/dark_money_political_contributions_from_unrevealed_sources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.917258 | 2,319 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Wetland Waterfowl and Wildlife Identification
Migration season provides some of the best bird watching opportunities, particularly for waterfowl.Heading out with your binoculars can be a lot of fun – especially when you can spot a few characters in the crowd. The shy ruddy duck who conceals itself in cattails…the fast-flying canvasback… or the boisterous Canada goose.
Share your migration moments on DUC’s Migration Tracker!
What species are you spotting? Record your bird sightings using the DUC Migration Tracker project hosted on iNaturalist.
Know your waterfowl
Waterfowl identification may seem overwhelming at first. But, if you keep an eye out for some key clues, you’ll be picking out different species in no time.
The biggest distinction between different types of ducks is divers and dabblers. Here are a few tips for identifying some common species within these categories:
Watch what it does when it eats
Dabbling ducks go “bottoms up” when feeding. Diving ducks “take the plunge” by diving below the water’s surface.
Watch how it takes off
Dabblers fly straight up off the water. Divers patter across the water picking up speed before becoming airborne.
Look at the surroundings
Habitat is a key piece of identification. Dabbling ducks are most often found in shallow water around the edges of wetlands. Divers prefer deeper water like in the middle of large wetlands or on lakes and rivers.
Examine its colour and plumage
Does the type of duck you are looking have a tuft of feathers on its head? What colour are its wingpatches, cap, head, breast, belly, back and tail? How about its eyes, bill or feet? Generally, it’s the male (drake) that has the colourful plumage. Females have duller, drabber appearances to keep them safe on the nest. This can make them more challenging to identify.
Once you get the knack for spotting some of these waterfowl characteristics, you’ll begin to pick up on other differences in size, shape, wingbeat, voice and more.
The natural world is complex. It works best when it contains a diverse system of fish and wildlife.
Take a Stand for Conservation
Help us conserve our water, wildlife, and the environment for future generations. | <urn:uuid:db773f2a-7130-4cd1-abe6-f7b902c82414> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ducks.ca/species/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.916624 | 507 | 3.28125 | 3 |
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ELI5 How does a woodpecker not develop CTE? (self.explainlikeimfive)
submitted 8 days ago by joeythekid94_2 to r/explainlikeimfive
Two external AC covers made out of oak by Wojput in woodworking
[–]joeythekid94_2 0 points1 point2 points 20 days ago (0 children)
Sorry, terrible idea. Your ac will fault out on a HP fault and lose efficiency.
Do not cover the discharge fans airflow path and do not block the outdoor coil.
Apartment owners sound alarm over alleged building defects | 7.30 by biscuitcarton in AusFinance
[–]joeythekid94_2 32 points33 points34 points 26 days ago (0 children)
I work as an estimator and deal with 99% of all jobs being D&C, a race to the bottom is the perfect analogy.
Also, I would say with the responsibility shift towards the contractor not only do you get a more incompetent solution, but you also find a copy and pasts spec that a grad has quickly put together. Probably because they have 20 projects going at once.
The only solution I can see is responsibility being enforced, and the customer understanding that a cheap job will cost more in the long run. People will try and win anything at 6-12% and wonder why the company is going belly up.
Without Prejudice. (self.AusLegal)
submitted 2 months ago * by joeythekid94_2 to r/AusLegal
I have an Identical. If I robbed a convenience store, left no DNA or other clear evidence that is what me, but the police think it was me. Could i be arrested if i just say it was him and he does the same? by joeythekid94_2 in NoStupidQuestions
[–]joeythekid94_2[S] 0 points1 point2 points 3 months ago (0 children)
Right so neither of us would be convicted if they can't prove which one was responsible?
I have an Identical. If I robbed a convenience store, left no DNA or other clear evidence that is what me, but the police think it was me. Could i be arrested if i just say it was him and he does the same? (self.NoStupidQuestions)
submitted 3 months ago by joeythekid94_2 to r/NoStupidQuestions
Simple solution to housing affordability. (self.australia)
submitted 4 months ago by joeythekid94_2 to r/australia
[SPOILER] Israel Adesanya vs. Robert Whittaker by inooway in MMA
[–]joeythekid94_2 -1 points0 points1 point 6 months ago (0 children)
[–]joeythekid94_2 -4 points-3 points-2 points 6 months ago (0 children)
IMO Rob won that fight.
Regardless if you don't capitalise much on the takedowns, Rob still landed 5 vs 0. As well as having more impressive striking.
Sure Issy was landing leg kicks but ultimately, they had no significant effect.
I personally think similar significant strikes + takedowns and control against cage time
= Rob getting 2,4&5.
When was he in any real danger? 1st round knockdown, but straight back to his feet is all I can think of.
Regardless, terrible commentary. Bisbing was embrassing to listen to.
Conan Talks about meeting Bob on his new podcast (about 43 mins in) by mandalore237 in bobdylan
[–]joeythekid94_2 0 points1 point2 points 8 months ago (0 children)
Not true! He actually named his son after Robert Reagan. Know by Bob from his close friends, which Norm was a close work colleague.
JIMS AIR CON RIP OFF !! / SCAM by knomelife24 in brisbane
[–]joeythekid94_2 45 points46 points47 points 9 months ago (0 children)
Refrigeration mechanic here. Some info that may be helpful.
Aircon only need to be gassed if there has been a leak in the system (flare connections leak, coil leak etc). If this is the case, the cause of the leak must be found and repaired before recharging. This is the law.
The pressure of the system is higher than atmospheric pressure, so if the leak is not repaired it will lose its charge again.
I hear a lot about an aircon getting a top-up (putting gas into a system for each service). This is a complete scam. The unit comes pre-charged with refrigerant. As stated before unless there is a leak it does not need to be regassed.
All homeowners should do for any system is clean the filters regularly (every 2 months) so the indoor coil doesn't get blocked. Ensure the outdoor unit's coil is not impeded (putting stuff around the unit e.g. boxes, clothes). And ensure the outdoor fan isn't blowing into anything that is trapping the heat (heat rejection problem).
If you have a ducted system make sure the air-con company performing the service cleans your condensation drain and trap! And make sure your safety tray/drain has been run correctly or your ceiling may be in for a bit of trouble.
The biggest issue people may find is that a gecko or something similar has destroyed one of the PCB boards (for inverter systems). The capacitor has leaked (for older fix speed systems). The system has a leak or some sort of compressor failure. Of course, as the technology gets better faults can become more complicated but these are the main issues.
Most systems will flash the fault on the controller and the fault code will usually be online.
Who is the first one to loose the belt beside sterling?? by kevinassasino in ufc
[–]joeythekid94_2 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)
Married at first sight - S08E28 - live episode discussion by lalasmooch in MAFS_AU
"I was in a club and Bryce's best friend came up to me and completely dogged him for no reasons what so ever. But Without knowing I was on the show, I kept an ear out to find out as much gossip as I could! And he was telling everyone at the club about it. Because..... Oh my proof? My friend Paul! and by a funny turn of events Paul is at my house at this exact day at this exact time."
Whoever the producer is that thinks any of this logic would trick a donkey is beyond me.
[–]joeythekid94_2 8 points9 points10 points 1 year ago (0 children)
This is honestly the most boring season. Without the Bryce "Drama" they are all completely lost. And I'm sorry but some guy called Paul being there saying 100% two times (which is clearly the most set up event ever) is not evidence.
This is actually pathetic.
[deleted by user] by [deleted] in MAFS_AU
*same time, not whole time
[–]joeythekid94_2 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (0 children)
I can kind of seen that but at the whole time it's almost like he's point scoring to the group and would never stand up to Bryce one to one.
Alright enough is enough. Stop keeping your secrets!! Wheres the best duck noodle soup in brisbane. by joeythekid94_2 in brisbane
[–]joeythekid94_2[S] 4 points5 points6 points 1 year ago (0 children)
Thank you all my friends. I will personally try every restaurant listed and spread the true word of the best duck noodle soup in Brisbane.
Wish me luck on my journey.
[–]joeythekid94_2[S] 2 points3 points4 points 1 year ago (0 children)
God what a tease. I need names my man!
Alright enough is enough. Stop keeping your secrets!! Wheres the best duck noodle soup in brisbane. (self.brisbane)
submitted 1 year ago by joeythekid94_2 to r/brisbane
I don't mean to ruin anybody's day, but I think it's high time we argued about Arnott's Assorted Creams by EurekaThin in australia
Anyone that thinks otherwise can suck a lemon
Refrigeration/aircon techs & electricians by dunkoOo in brisbane
[–]joeythekid94_2 7 points8 points9 points 1 year ago (0 children)
It's a really good trade that involves a lot of problem-solving, fault findings and manual labour. Very similar to being an electrician in a lot of ways but more mechanically driven.
Like everyone else has explained it's a trade. Once you're through your time expect to earn around 30-35 an hour then moving up to the 35-45 range for senior techs.
The only advice I would give is to make sure the company doesn't just install splits and you're stuck without actually learning your trade. Similar to a sparky just putting in solar panels.
The best companies have a combination of commercial systems, cold rooms, split & industrial. I understand that sometimes you need to take a job for the sake of it, but if you do get a stuck bashing in splits & ducteds (you won't learn a thing) try and change companies as a 2nd year.
Please be aware that a sparky can do a 2-week course for a split licence and install splits and ducted (up to 18kw I believe) so why waste 4 years for something you can do in 2 weeks?
I really want to repeat make sure you have a company that actually wants to teach you, so you can learn the trade and your not just slave Labour. But if you do find somewhere it's a great trade that will teach you a lot.
[deleted by user] by [deleted] in keto
[–]joeythekid94_2 -5 points-4 points-3 points 1 year ago (0 children)
Not really the point.
Yeah, it's super bizarre! I feel sharper in general but I'm not sure how to quantify that. It might just be I'm paying more attention to my concentration since starting. But yeah it's hard to explain but it's almost like I could taste it again when I was thinking about it and the thought just popped into my head without warning haha.
The last 3 opponent these guys fought by Luchador1916 in ufc
Why doesn't Bobby's picture have a belt?
REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.
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It is said to have originated in Mexico around 9,000 years ago and spread over North America 8,000 years later. Cornmeal was pounded into flour by Native Americans, who then brought it to English colonists, who dubbed all recipes that utilized cornmeal as ‘Indian,’ such as Indian bread or Indian pudding.
It is said to have originated in Mexico around 9,000 years ago and spread over North America approximately 8,000 years later. Cornmeal was pounded into flour by Native Americans, who then gave it to English colonists, who dubbed all recipes that utilized cornmeal as ‘Indian,’ such as Indian bread and Indian pudding.
- 1 Where does cornmeal mush come from?
- 2 What is cornmeal called in Mexico?
- 3 What is cornmeal made of?
- 4 Is cornmeal a common Indian food?
- 5 Where did corn flour originate?
- 6 Is cornbread Native American?
- 7 Where did cornbread originate from?
- 8 Who invented cornmeal porridge?
- 9 Who invented cornflour?
- 10 Is cornmeal the same as polenta?
- 11 Is cornbread a Southern?
- 12 What did Native Americans make with cornmeal?
- 13 Do Southerners put sugar in cornbread?
- 14 What is the difference between cornbread and Southern cornbread?
- 15 Is cornmeal made from corn?
- 16 Is polenta the same as Mamaliga?
- 17 Is there a difference between white and yellow cornmeal?
- 18 Does cornmeal have black specks in it?
- 19 Who makes the best cornmeal?
- 20 What is cornmeal and which type should you buy?
- 21 How to make homemade cornmeal?
- 22 What is the best cornmeal?
Where does cornmeal mush come from?
In Latin America and Africa, cornmeal mush is a common dish to ingest. Betty Harper Fussell, Betty Harper Fussell (1992). Corn’s Origins and Development. Knopf Publishing Group, New York, p. 231.
What is cornmeal called in Mexico?
Cornmeal is a meal (coarse flour) made from dried maize that is pounded into a fine powder. It is a popular basic meal that is crushed into coarse, medium, and fine consistencies, although not as fine as wheat flour. It is available in a variety of sizes and shapes. Corn flour, which is very finely ground cornmeal, is referred to as such in Mexico.
What is cornmeal made of?
The cornmeal is made out of dried maize kernels that have been crushed to a fine or medium texture before being used in recipes.In steel-ground yellow cornmeal, which is mostly found in the United States, the husk and germ of the maize kernel have been virtually removed from the kernel of the grain.Storage in an airtight container in a cold, dry location for approximately one year will preserve its freshness.
Is cornmeal a common Indian food?
See Indian cuisine for information on the cuisine of India. Cornmeal is a meal (coarse flour) made from dried maize that is pounded into a fine powder. It is a popular basic meal that is crushed into coarse, medium, and fine consistencies, although not as fine as wheat flour. It is available in a variety of sizes and shapes.
Where did corn flour originate?
In addition, corn flour is frequently used in Italian cuisine. Although we Southerners are quite proud of our cuisine, we must acknowledge that Italian cuisine existed long before Southern cuisine. Yes, we are aware that it all began in 1492 with the discovery of this new crop in Cuba by Christopher Columbus and his crew.
Is cornbread Native American?
This is my first appearance. A historic and relatively widespread dish among the Native Americans, cornbread was a staple in their diets. Mayan diets included thin flat breads such as tortillas, as well as thicker breads such as contemporary cornbread or pancakes produced from maize.
Where did cornbread originate from?
Corn pone was a type of cornmeal that was puffy and leavened with egg, similar to what we call cornbread today. Its origins may be traced back to British colonists who altered their baking to use white corn meal crushed into flour. However, it was not sweet. The majority of people in the South, from white farmers to slaves, baked a variety of cornmeal cakes in various styles.
Who invented cornmeal porridge?
In my knowledge, this porridge originated in Northern Europe and was brought to the islands by British settlers during the 19th century. This hot porridge, which is spiced with bay leaf, vanilla essence, nutmeg, cardamon, and cinnamon, is regarded to be the ultimate comfort meal.
Who invented cornflour?
In 1842, while working in a wheat starch plant in New Jersey, Thomas Kingsford devised a method of isolating endosperms from corn kernels, which he used to develop the first commercially viable cornstarch. However, throughout the first several years of its existence, cornstarch was used to starch clothes, which was a far cry from the vision of the founders of Kingsford.
Is cornmeal the same as polenta?
In practically every way, polenta and cornmeal are identical products, with the exception of one detail: the consistency of the grain. Polenta is ground considerably more coarsely than cornmeal, which results in a less mushy final product. It also has a little more bite to it than cornmeal.
Is cornbread a Southern?
Bread prepared with cornmeal that is traditionally linked with the cuisine of the Southern United States and has its origins in Native American food is known as cornbread.
What did Native Americans make with cornmeal?
Corn, also known as maize, was given to the colonists by the Wampanoag Indians and quickly became a staple food. Corn was taught to the Pilgrims by Tisquantum (Squanto), who taught them how to produce and harvest it, which they utilized in a variety of meals including stews, puddings, and breads.
Do Southerners put sugar in cornbread?
For many people, the dispute over whether or not to use sugar in cornbread boils down to how their grandmother cooked it (and my grandmother didn’t use any sugar in her batter). My wife, for example, comes from a family of otherwise totally normal Southerners, one of whom had grandparents who put sugar in their cornbread.
What is the difference between cornbread and Southern cornbread?
It is not particularly sweet and is baked with less eggs and yellow cornmeal to produce a crumbly texture, as opposed to southern cornbread. Southern-style cornbread can be cooked with either white or yellow cornmeal, has a buttery finish, and asks for more eggs than traditional cornbread, resulting in a cakelike texture.
Is cornmeal made from corn?
Simply described, cornmeal is dried and ground field corn (not the same sort of sweet corn that we eat off the cob) that is available in a variety of textures ranging from fine to medium to coarse, with the size of the pieces indicating the texture.
Is polenta the same as Mamaliga?
MAMALIGA is a traditional Romanian meal that is served as a main course. It is actually quite similar to the Italian dish Polenta, and it is a type of porridge prepared from boiled water and cornmeal that is cooked together in a pot together.
Is there a difference between white and yellow cornmeal?
In contrast to yellow cornmeal, white cornmeal is manufactured from the kernels of white corn, whereas yellow cornmeal is made from the kernels of yellow corn. 2. White cornmeal has a little sweetness, but yellow cornmeal has a sweeter flavor than white.
Does cornmeal have black specks in it?
Yes, it is common for cornmeal to have little black flecks. The black specks that may be observed on cornmeal are the remnants of bacteria that were left over after the grain was ground. And, unless the cornmeal is moving, it is very natural for specks to appear in it. They might even be the black fragments of the pericarp found in the kernels of the maize.
Who makes the best cornmeal?
- 4 – 24 ounce bags of medium grind cornmeal are included in this package.
- HEALTH BENEFITS: This whole grain meal is produced from maize that has a high amount of lysine.
- Certified Organic and Kosher Approved: Kosher approved and Certified Organic by Quality Assurance International, created from organic grains that are non-GMO
- Kosher approved and Certified Organic by Quality Assurance International
What is cornmeal and which type should you buy?
Simply said, cornmeal is any crushed, dried maize that has been ground.Depending on the variety of maize used, it can be either white or yellow in color.The two can be used interchangeably because there are only subtle variances in flavor.
- Blue cornmeal is also available, however it is considered more of a niche item.
- When it comes to cornmeal, the most important distinction is whether it is whole grain or not.
How to make homemade cornmeal?
- Preheat the oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Cooking spray the bottom and sides of an 8-inch square pan or a 9-inch round cake pan with a little coat of olive oil.
- Melt the butter in a 1-quart saucepan over low heat until it is completely melted.
- In a large mixing basin, combine the melted butter, milk, and egg with a fork or wire whisk until thoroughly combined.
What is the best cornmeal?
A product known as quick polenta is available for purchase at most grocery shops. While cooking cornmeal in water or broth, the best sort needs 45 minutes of stirring and watching the cornmeal cook. It is worthwhile to put out the effort. | <urn:uuid:b0c2dbfd-9337-46ed-9eb5-0138b80f8956> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://kanyakumari-info.com/tips/where-did-cornmeal-originate.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967556 | 2,097 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Cutting discs on the angle grinder for wood materials
Operation of the angle grinder paired with a wood cutting disc necessarily involves compliance with safety. Work must be performed in special protective clothing, and the workpiece to be sawed must be firmly fixed in a vise or clamp. It is important to hold the tool with both hands to eliminate the possibility of knocking it out of the hands. Preference should be given to the angle grinder, which has a speed regulator.
Manufacturers produce discs for bolsters on wood of four main types, about which we will learn in detail:
- Circular or serrated. appeared the earliest, but have not gained wide popularity due to possessing the effect of backfire. The disc has an external (facing) arrangement of large teeth. Manufacturers produce wood cutting discs on the angle grinder with a maximum diameter of up to 180 mm. The teeth can be equipped with special tips of carbide materials. Such circles, although the most common, but it is the most dangerous attachment in action. If possible, avoid using it. It should be noted that it is possible to use such discs on an angle grinder only if the tool is used as a stationary circular saw
- Chain. look like a disk, but there is a chain on the outer circle instead of teeth, like on chain saws. This type of nozzle is safer and can be used to cut medium-density chipboard. On this type of wheel, the risk of jamming and backfire is minimized. it is achieved by a special design of the nozzle, which is similar to the guide bar of a chainsaw. The circular saw blade is in two parts, and there is a groove in the end face. In this groove, the saw chain is slotted and moves by virtue of its inertia. This design prevents the blade from jamming and is thus a safer option than the first type. It is categorically forbidden to saw wood with nails. Teeth get blunt quickly and fail
- Universal. is so called because it allows not only to saw wood, but also to cut metal, as well as make slots. The universal type has the form of an ordinary steel disc, but with additional teeth in the number of three pieces in the form of slots. The teeth have hard metal tips, which increases the service life of the cutting head. The advantage of the universal cutting disc on the angle grinder is that it is as safe as the chain wheel, and at the same time costs 2 times cheaper. Manufactured by Graff, hence the name “Graff”
- With tungsten carbide edge. manufacturers don’t rest on their laurels, and are constantly improving their products. Another type of cutting wheel that is completely similar to a concrete cutting head. The only difference is the tungsten carbide facing (or sometimes even diamond facing). The disc has slots with holes, which are used for heat dissipation when working with dense materials, such as wood. Tungsten carbide wheels are not only effective for cutting wood, but also other materials like plastic, metal, and so on.п. Only such a nozzle for cutting one metal is better not to use, because it will quickly fail. Greatly copes with the circle with the sawing of wood, which has nails, screws and other metal objects
Now it is not difficult to choose wood saw blades for angle grinder, knowing what types they are. A wood saw blade universal or with a tungsten carbide edge is recommended for work around the house. They are not only considered effective, but also safe. Saw chain wheels are more expensive, but they are also safe when cutting wood with an angle grinder. The most dangerous discs are those with teeth. They are only recommended for use in situations where an angle grinder is made into a stationary circular saw.
How to sand wood with a wood grinder Basing
Wood sanding with an angle grinder is the most common and affordable way to sand a wooden house. The angle grinder is usually used for sanding logs from planed logs. With the angle grinder is also convenient to grind grooves and ends of logs. In fact, this tool, if you have the skills to work, you can handle any lumber.
CAN ANGLE GRINDERS CUT WOOD?? (Tricks TipsCutting Wood With Grinders)
Your choice of model
There are both domestic and professional models, which differ in power and performance. Do not buy the cheapest angle grinder, its power is unlikely to be enough to grind the entire log. Expensive professional models are also not the best choice for home use. They operate at high speed, are notable for their considerable weight and power. A non-specialist, not named skills to work with such tools, can simply spoil the sanded surface, leaving it in dents.
- semi-professional models with power from 800 to 1000 watts. This will be quite enough to grind a log house.
- It is advisable to buy a tool with a rear air intake, and not a side air intake, so it will be less clogged with dust.
- You should also pay attention to cable length. A cord that is too short is not comfortable to work with.
Nozzles on the angle grinder
To work will have to stock up on nozzles, which are fixed abrasive. There are two kinds of nozzles:
It is more convenient to work with plastic nozzles, they are thinner than rubber ones, but they serve longer. Rubber ones quickly deteriorate, and in addition, if the rubber nozzle accidentally touches the wood surface, it will leave an ugly black mark, which is very problematic to remove.
or petal sanding discs. Sanding a log cabin is a very dusty job. A lot of dust is generated, which, together with the wood resin, gets clogged in the disc, the abrasive quickly rubs off, so the grinding discs quickly become unusable.
One disc for rough treatment is enough for about 3-5 meters of logs, then you have to change it. Consumption depends on the condition of the wood and the type of surface. How many discs for fine grinding will be needed, depending on how thoroughly the initial processing was carried out.
Longer life has an alpha-disk, which is a metal disk, the body of which soldered pobeditovye crumbs. Bar sanding alpha disk can significantly save on consumables. disc clogged with sawdust can simply be cleaned with a metal brush and you can carry on working in peace.
Petal head on angle grinder Multifunctional tool
- angle grinder (angle grinder);
- belt sander or eccentric;
- sanding accessories (discs);
- sanding blocks with an emery base;
- The chisel for processing hard-to-reach places;
- industrial vacuum cleaner;
- eye protection;
- Protective materials. flame retardants, antiseptics. acrylates, etc. д.;
- Brushes or paint sprayer to apply products intended for wood treatment;
- Sealant for wood warm joint (if there are gaps or such an idea);
- Decorating paint or special oil impregnation (if desired).
And indeed, what to do when you need to grind not just one wooden handle file or hammer, and wooden fence posts for the entire perimeter of the site, and this can be 100 meters or more just the perimeter, without taking into account the height of the fence. Do not buy because of one manipulation of the belt sander, which is unknown when it is useful, if ever useful.
In this case, we recall the possibility of using existing tools, in particular, angle grinder. As practice shows, the angle grinder for wood sanding is perfect, not for nothing it is called an angle grinder.
In total, thanks to this tool with wood can perform the following manipulations:
All of these manipulations are subject to thorough disassembly.
To saw or not to saw
Nozzle on the angle grinder to work with wood.
Let us say right away that it is possible to saw wood with an angle grinder, but whether there is such a need, there are nuances. Considering this question, initially just answer yourself what cut you need. And be sure to check out our table.
Practical observation! We advise you to read again the column on additional features of the angle grinder, or rather, their absence. The thing is that although wood is a rather hard material, but it has a fibrous structure that accepts only one direction of cutting.
The slightest change of angle leads to the fact that the fibers “explode”, there are chips, roughness and other defects. In addition, there may be peeling and flying chips, so a reminder about safety precautions will not be superfluous.
Sanding: with what and how
Grinding wood with an angle grinder. the process, which has several possible scenarios. Therefore, this section is an attempt to combine the various options, it is a universal sanding instructions, you have only to choose what you need.
- Step 1. preparing the surface for sanding. Very often, in barns and garages remain old boards that contain traces of previous staining, or the old paint from the outwardly digestible wooden fence has lost its marketable appearance. In this case, you need to remove the old paint.
An angle grinder is just perfect for this task. You will need an abrasive nozzle, which is a bowl, along the perimeter of which there are twisted wires.
Please note! There are several types of such nozzles, if the wires form thick harnesses. scrapers, they are designed to work with metal or concrete bases and when used on wood can significantly damage the outer fibers. It is clear that their use is undesirable.
- Step 2. rough sanding. The purpose of this step is to remove from the surface of the wood small fragments in the form of protruding fibers, remnants of old paint, the bottom layers of bark. For this purpose, there are special grinding and polishing circles for bolsters.
But it is better to take a universal base, to which are attached sanding discs of varying degrees of abrasive grit with internal bases. Velcro. These wheels at maximum speed angle grinder can quickly eliminate all those defects that may be on the wood.
This step is universal for all kinds of preparatory work for painting: grinding of wooden floors with angle grinder, sanding wooden planks and partitions terraces, all made under a single template.
- Step 3. fine sanding. This step is more suitable for wood products, which are both aesthetic and functional. When using the tools already mentioned above, it is enough to set the wheel of zero grains, there you have a fine sanding.
A little more practice! How to grind wood with an angle grinder, has already described. Do not try to use metal cutting wheels for grinding wood. Despite the fact that the wheel itself is an abrasive, there is a high probability of its uncontrolled destruction with flying fragments and injuring working.
Here is the result of improper use.
Polishing. as a separate type
Polishing and grinding. twin sisters, the only difference is that the grinding is carried out with abrasives at high speed, and for polishing need fabric wheels and low speed engine.
Tip! At high speeds the cloth in friction against the surface is heated quite strongly, the price of such an application thermal destruction of the lacquer layer, which is clearly not desirable.
The main thing is to choose the right nozzle and speed.
And in all other respects the complete similarity. Both processes are done by hand, with an angle grinder and a universal base.
In addition to the angle grinder, other equipment is also used for abrasive sanding. Today, a wide variety of sanding machines are available in a large assortment:
How-to Use Your Angle Grinder on Wood by Mitchell Dillman
- Sanding machines for broomsticks. The machine grinds by means of an abrasive belt that rotates continuously on two rollers. The speed of rotation depends on the power of the device. The machine has a high output and copes very well with large quantities of smooth sanding. Excellent for roughing and removing old paint.
- The eccentric sander for cylindrical logs. The machine can work on both flat and curved surfaces. It is equipped with a circular base plate to which the abrasive is velcro-coated. It is used for fine grinding and polishing wood.
- Vibrating machine for sanding a log cabin has a rectangular base. The machine can work on an even surface, it is also convenient to process the corners of the log. Characterized by a high quality of sanding.
Polishing attachments for wood on the angle grinder
Angle grinder (angle grinder) or angle grinder. a tool necessary in every home. It is used not only for cutting, sanding wood, metal, but also perform them other work. A variety of auxiliary tools are used for this. Let’s see what are the attachments for the angle grinder, and what they are used for.
In many cases, work with materials involves polishing, sanding, and roughing procedures.
It is no secret that cutting wood is a very dangerous occupation, but the grinding of solid wood under force even an inexperienced worker. The main thing is to have the required tools at his disposal. It is enough to understand the basic principles of the forthcoming work, and everything will be successful.
In most cases, petal discs are used for roughing. After a careful study of the specifics of the product, you can be convinced of its functionality and efficiency.
From the name you can understand what are the features and principle of the consumable tool. Its working area may have a small number of sandpaper blades. A similar structure can resemble fish scales. As for papers with low roughness, they provide soft sanding of elite wood species.
The quality and degree of processing is determined by the grit size of the material, so polishing and grinding is performed in accordance with the established requirements.
Despite the great popularity of petal models, you can apply other consumables. As an example, a very good solution might be a sticky disc for universal use. Most of today’s attachments have a quick Velcro changeover option. The cost of the sticky discs used is much lower than the cost of solid petal discs, but the low price characterizes the short service life. In any case, the universal sticky models are effective both in processing and in sanding a variety of materials, which explains their great popularity.
Options for carrying out the work
Wood sanding equipment can vary greatly, but for home use a few basic options are used, consider them.
This tool is very versatile and can also be used for woodworking, for this you will need a special wood sanding disc, you can find several basic options on sale:
- Petal discs are products on which are glued many strips of sandpaper, which can have different grit size depending on the nature of the work performed, the coarseness usually ranges from 40 to 120, although you can find finer options.
The flap disc sander for wood is a popular solution among customers
- The second option. discs with velcro. it is a more practical solution, because you can change abrasive elements depending on your needs. There are two types of designs. hard and soft, under which there is a soft layer, so you can process surfaces with complex shapes.
How to use Your Angle Grinder on Wood
Important! It is worth noting that due to the large revolutions and not very convenient design, the angle grinder is suitable for rough processing and rounding edges, for more precise work this option is not acceptable.
Such a wood sanding tool is characterized by the following features:
- This is the most powerful option. with the help of which one can work large surfaces in a comparatively short period of time. That is why such devices are used for processing floors and other structures of a large area.
- The main work unit is the sanding belt. mounted on two rollers. Its width varies depending on the model in the range from 65 to 110 mm, the rotation speed may also be different and varies from 150 to 400 revolutions per minute.
Instructions for use of such a device is extremely simple: you need to put on the sandpaper belt and you can start working
- At high speed, the quality of work can not be called ideal, in addition, you can sand only flat surfaces. and all difficult areas and connections to the walls will have to be finalized manually.
This option is a design on which there is a flat soleplate with Velcro, to which the interchangeable sanding sheets are attached, the tool has the following features:
- The greater the amplitude of the sole movement, the higher the speed of the work. But the lower the quality of sanding. It is therefore important to choose a model to suit your needs.
- Compact models with an iron base for difficult-to-reach areas and hard-to-reach places. They allow you to get to any curves on wooden windows and door units.
You decide for yourself which wood is best to sand and, depending on the type of work involved, you can change the sanding base in a very practical and useful way
Eccentric sanding machines
This option is also very popular for the following reasons:
- The round sole plate performs both rotational and reciprocating movements. The quality of the workmanship is vastly improved. Wood sanders are always the best option for a perfect surface finish.
How to sand a wooden surface fast and well? Use planetary sanding appliances
- All good models have a dust extraction function. This greatly improves working conditions and reduces dust formation, you should not disable this node.
- The configuration of the equipment allows you to use it for processing large constructions and grinding not very comfortable areas.
- The fastening of interchangeable abrasive elements is performed by means of velcro. there are variants with special clamps, but they are less convenient to work with.
Grinding wood with an angle grinder
The modern market is flooded with various types of power tools, designed, each for its own purpose. Purchase of expensive equipment is reasonable in the professional sphere. In everyday life, you can use the same devices for different purposes and do not spend extra money.
So, often in wood sanding is used, the so-called angle grinder. Or angle grinder, designated by the abbreviation angle grinder.
With special attachments, the tool, originally designed for metal processing, turns into a grinder for wood.
How to choose sandpaper for woodwork?
Quite a few things can be considered when choosing a consumable. An example of this is:
As a rule, the marking indicates the grit size of the abrasive according to ISO. Special tables can be used when selecting. Wood is sanded with fine sandpaper if there are only minor defects or before polishing. Dry or wet grinding
Most often dry sanding is carried out. This technology is simple to do, and the consumables are inexpensive. There is also wet sanding, which involves the use of special paper.
Wet grinding and polishing involves feeding water into the work area. This causes the wood to soften. Today this technique is rarely used. | <urn:uuid:0bc46876-75d9-4348-b824-f5769ddbaea2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://graf-martinez.info/what-is-better-to-grind-wood-with-an-angle-grinder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943751 | 4,111 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The number of active coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in Alberta dipped to the lowest level since October 2020 on Tuesday.
Dr. Deena Hinshaw, the Chief Medical Officer of Health of Alberta, said Alberta Health identified 57 new positive cases of COVID-19 over the past 24 hours.
Dr. Hinshaw further added that Alberta Health completed around 5 thousand tests during the period.
She also added that 200 people are currently being treated for COVID-19 in hospitals with 54 of them being in the Intensive Care Unit.
Alberta Health also identified 38 more cases of the Variants of Concern and one person died of the virus during the past 24 hours, Dr. Hinshaw added.
In regards to the active cases in Alberta, Dr. Hinshaw, said there are now 1,773 active cases in the province, the fewest since October.
Meanwhile, Dr. Hinshaw said Alberta Health has so far administered 3.85 million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine including 45,000 which were administered on Monday. | <urn:uuid:d6ce72ec-6433-406f-8928-8706d76ea760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecanadanow.com/alberta-covid-19-active-cases-plummet-to-lowest-levels-since-last-october-0154/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967202 | 221 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Preventing the extinction of gorillas, rhinoceroses, elephants, lions, tigers, wolves, bears and the world’s other largest mammals will require bold political action and financial commitments from nations worldwide. In an article in the journal BioScience, 43 wildlife experts write that without immediate changes, many of the Earth’s most iconic species will be lost.
“The loss of these magnificent animals would be a tremendous tragedy,” said Blaire Van Valkenburgh, a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology, and one of the article’s co-authors. “They are all that is left of a once much more diverse megafauna that populated the planet only 12,000 years ago. And more importantly, we have only just begun to understand the important roles they play in maintaining healthy ecosystems.”
Among the most serious threats to endangered animals are illegal hunting, deforestation, habitat loss, expansion of livestock and agriculture into wildlife areas, and human population growth, they write.
The scientists, who represent six continents, write that humans have “an abiding moral obligation to protect the Earth’s megafauna,” or large mammals. “We must not go quietly into this impoverished future.”
In addition to their significance to ecosystems, animals such as tigers and elephants attract tourists and their money to parts of the world that have few alternative sources of income, said Van Valkenburgh, who holds the Donald R. Dickey chair in vertebrate biology in the UCLA College.
“This paper is a call for action at all levels, local to global, to halt the rapid decline of the megafauna,” she said.
The paper reports that 59 percent of the largest carnivores and 60 percent of the largest herbivores have been classified as threatened with extinction, and that the situation is especially severe in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, where the greatest diversity of extant megafauna live.
William Ripple, the paper’s lead author, a distinguished professor of ecology in the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the animals’ declines are occurring rapidly.
“The more I look at the trends facing the world’s largest terrestrial mammals, the more concerned I am we could lose these animals just as science is discovering how important they are to ecosystems and to the services they provide to people,” he said.
The scientists call for comprehensive action, including expanding habitats for the animals and changing conservation policy. The paper notes that some conservation initiatives have been successful and that, if measures are taken now, it may still be possible to rescue these animals from extinction.
The article is published in seven languages: English, Spanish, Chinese, French, Malay, Portuguese and Thai. | <urn:uuid:55b1a044-7ac8-4df6-a94d-e702f681c4f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/preventing-mass-extinctions-of-big-mammals-will-require-immediate-action | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.934067 | 574 | 4 | 4 |
It is easy to think that chronic diseases only tend to afflict those who are exceptionally unhealthy or are of an advanced age. In fact, serious medical conditions can strike people who are in otherwise excellent health. Steve Gleason, a former professional football player for the NFL’s New Orleans Saints, announced in 2011 that he was locked in a terminal struggle with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), known commonly as Lou Gehrig’s Disease. Decades after it initially grabbed the public’s attention, medical science has yet to find a cure for ALS. Though ALS is a terminal disease, a patient’s remaining years can be made less onerous through proper medical care.
A Mysterious Illness
The many problems caused by ALS occur after the body’s motor neurons start to weaken, becoming increasingly feeble before being destroyed entirely. Despite years of research, doctors still do not have a concrete answer as to why these motor neurons start to die off. To explain this phenomenon, a number of theories have been proposed, some of which are detailed below:
- The body’s own immune system mistakes its own motor neurons as enemy invaders, and proceeds to launch a prolonged assault on them until they are destroyed
- Toxic chemicals or certain viruses enter the patient’s body
- A lack of nutrition from the patient’s diet
- Doctors have noticed that some ALS patients have elevated levels of glutamate in their spinal fluid, which acts as insulation for both the spine and brain. Research has found that excessive amounts of glutamate can be very damaging to nerve cells.
- In about 10 percent of diagnoses, the patient inherits ALS from his or her parents. In these patients, ALS symptoms occur after certain genes mutate. Because hereditary ALS closely mimics non-hereditary ALS, some researchers have speculated that ALS might be attributed to genetic mutations.
The Progression of ALS Symptoms
The destruction of the motor neurons has severe consequences for the body, as these cells are responsible for all of your voluntary movements. In other words, you could not consciously move your arms, legs, head or any other body parts without functioning muscle neurons. The development of ALS symptoms depends on which type of motor neurons is first affected by the disease. Damaged lower motor neurons, which link the brainstem and spinal cord to muscle fibers, lead to problems in specific parts of the body, such as the hands and feet. If the upper motor neurons bear the initial burnt of the ALS onslaught, a patient must usually contend with clumsy movements, difficulty swallowing and a tendency to slur words.
As the disease takes hold and increases in severity, the patient loses more and more control of his or her motor skills. In addition to growing problems with swallowing, talking and awkward movements, ALS sufferers are also stricken with muscle twitches, cramps, arm and leg fatigue and uncontrollable fits of laughing and crying. With the patient unable to exercise or even move normally, the body’s muscles slip into a permanent state of decline, and the patient’s bodyweight plunges precipitously. The loss of motor neurons also impacts the body’s reflexes, which begin act in an unpredictable and exaggerated manner.
As the body approaches a state of total paralysis, the patient loses the ability to breathe without the aid of a ventilator. In its advanced stages, ALS effectively cripples the muscles of the cardiovascular system, rendering the body highly vulnerable to lung failure, heart failure and blockages in the lung’s arteries known as pulmonary embolisms. Many ALS patients, unable to properly swallow, contract pneumonia after food and fluids accumulate inside their lungs. It is the development of these complications that cause the bulk of ALS-related deaths.
ALS sufferers face an exceedingly grim prognosis; only 5% of patients live longer than 10 years after being diagnosed with this debilitating malady. Most people live about 3 to 5 years before succumbing to ALS. Though there is no cure for ALS and premature death is all but guaranteed, doctors can slow the progression of the disease with certain treatment methods.
Riluzole – To date, the only medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for ALS is riluzole, which is sold under the brand name Rilutek. Riluzole is taken in tablet form. While this drug does appear to offer some relief to ALS patients, doctors are still not sure how it actually does so. Side effects include muscle cramps, constipation, fatigue and excessive saliva and phlegm.
Physical Therapy – Physical therapy for ALS involves performing a number of low-impact exercises, which helps patients maintain their muscle strength, cardiovascular system and overall range of motion for a longer period of time.
Occupational Therapy – With the loss of motor skills and bodily strength, ALS patients must rely on braces, walkers and wheelchairs in order to navigate their homes. Occupational therapy helps patients adjust to using such devices.
Speech Therapy – People with ALS are often unable to speak without slurring noticeably. Speech therapy enables patients to learn new techniques for talking coherently. If the patient is no longer able to speak, a speech therapist can teach the patient how to use alternative forms of communication, including alphabet boards and speech synthesizers. | <urn:uuid:224f69f7-e569-42a1-b1d5-e9842f28d0d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thealdenreport.com/an-unbeatable-opponent-the-devastating-impact-of-lou-gehrigs-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948404 | 1,078 | 3.21875 | 3 |
View sample emotional and personality development in adolescence research paper. Browse research paper examples for more inspiration. If you need a psychology research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates.
What is personality? How is temperament related to personality? Where does emotion fit in? What is the significance of emotion, personality, and temperament for understanding behavior and emotional well-being in adolescence? How does culture influence the expression of emotion and personality? These are critical and challenging questions that underlie the study of individual differences in emotional and personality development. Emotional and personality development are complicated, interrelated processes that occur across the life span. The story of emotion and personality in adolescence is essentially a study in identifying indicators and predictors of adolescents’ emotional well-being and distress, ascertaining core personality traits seen in adolescence, documenting the evolution of personality characteristics across time, and investigating the links among emotion, emotional well-being and distress, personality, and temperament.
There is a vast array of theory and research on emotion and personality across the life span.This research paper focuseson recent research into the emotional well-being and distress of adolescents, as well as personality and temperament development in adolescence. The examination of emotion and personality in adolescence is interesting for at least two reasons. First, it is in the period of adolescence that we may begin to observe not only the crystallization of emotional and personality styles, but also how emotion and personality will shape the course of individuals’ lives. Perhaps for the first time, interested observers such as parents can be more confident in predicting what kind of adult the individual is likely to become. Continuities in emotional well-being and personality across time are the source for these predictions about future behavior, but to be sure, discontinuities can make those predictions wrong. Second, the field of research on adolescent development that has burgeoned in the last few decades has demonstrated not onlythattherearesignificantbiological,cognitive,social,and behavioral changes that occur during adolescence, but also that these changes are inextricably linked with one another. It is crucial to understand the role of emotion and personality in producing and affecting these changes.
Given the large amount of research in each of the areas of emotion, personality, and temperament, it is not possible within the confines of this research paper to conduct a comprehensive review of relevant studies. Several excellent books and reviews suit this purpose (e.g., Caspi, 1998; Kagan, 1998; Larson & Richards, 1994; Rothbart & Bates, 1998; Sanson & Rothbart, 1995; Shiner, 1998; van Lieshout, 2000). In this research paper we aim to identify the major issues seen in research on emotional and personality development pertaining specifically to adolescence, to provide examples of illustrative research in these domains, and to explore how future research can increase our understanding of adolescent emotion and personality. In the first section of this research paper we present research on some important issues in emotional development during adolescence. In the second section we discuss some of the key issues related to personality and temperament in adolescence. In the third and final section we identify four emerging themes in research on emotion and personality that will shape the direction of research for some time to come.
Guided by G. Stanley Hall’s storm and stress hypothesis (the view that adolescence is filled with hormone-induced emotional turmoil), one focus of research on emotions in adolescence has been to examine variability in emotional or mood states (Brooks-Gunn, Graber, & Paikoff, 1994). Larson and Lampman-Petraitis (1989), for example, charted hour-tohour changes in mood over a week in a sample of preadolescent and adolescent children. It is interesting to note that there was little evidence of variability in the mood states of adolescents compared to preadolescents. The average adolescent, however, was more likely than the average preadolescent to report more mildly negative mood states and fewer extremely positive mood states. Although overall mood may take on a slightly different character in adolescence, rapid mood swings were not evidenced in this research. Another focus of research has examined direct links between hormonal levels in adolescence and emotions such as aggression and depression (Susman, 1997). Some consistent associations have been found between specific hormones and feelings of aggression (particularly among boys) and depression (Brooks-Gunn et al., 1994; Buchanan, Eccles, & Becker, 1992), but only small proportions of variance in emotion (up to 6%) are attributable to hormones (Susman, 1997). More complicated models of hormone-emotion relationships have been proposed, based on research indicating that hormones interact with personality and contextual characteristics to affect emotional states and behavior (Richards & Larson, 1993). These models, which require the use of longitudinal designs, will lead to a better understanding of how hormones are linked to adolescents’ emotions indirectly through their impact on the outward physical changes of puberty, the adolescents’responses to these changes and their implications, and others’reactions to the changing adolescent (Brooks-Gunn et al., 1994; Susman, 1997).
Often implicit in the research on the link between hormones and emotion is the assumption that emotions may be something to be feared, that they are linked directly to negative and irrational behavior. Increasingly, though, the conceptualization of emotions in contemporary research has moved away from viewing emotions as sources of negative and irrational behavior toward a view of emotions as adaptive and capable of organizing behavior in ways that can enhance as well as disrupt functioning (Cole, Michel, & Teti, 1994; Thompson, 1994). A dominant paradigm for studying emotions and emotion-related phenomena is emotion regulation.
Emotion regulation may be broadly defined as the way in which a person uses emotional experiences to provide for adaptive functioning (Thompson, 1994). The construct of emotion regulation has been used to refer to both outcome and process. In terms of outcome, some researchers define emotion regulation as the extent to which an individual shows emotional control versus emotional reactivity (Maedgen & Carlson, 2000). In this view, important components of emotion regulation include emotional lability, maladaptive emotional displays, and negative mood states. Others focus more on process variables such as the coping strategies that individuals employ to modify emotional reactions (Contreras, Kerns, Weimer, Gentzler, & Tomich, 2000; Rossman, 1992; Underwood, 1997). Emotion regulation in this sense refers to how the individual deals with each experience of emotion (Campos, Mumme, Kermoian, & Campos, 1994; Gross & Muñoz, 1995). This view of emotion regulation focuses not only on the modulation of distress but also on attempts to stimulate positive emotions or improve emotional arousal to achieve important interpersonal goals (Calkins, 1994; Thompson, 1994).
A variety of skills are necessary for effective emotion regulation, including flexibility and responsiveness to changing situational demands (Cole et al., 1994; Thompson, 1994). Other skills include an awareness of one’s emotional state, the capacity to detect emotions in other people, knowledge of cultural display rules for emotions, and the ability to empathize with others’ emotional states (Saarni, 1990; cited in Underwood, 1997). These skills are initially primarily externally supported, such as when a parent helps a child label and talk about their emotions, selectively reinforces adaptive emotional displays, and models effective emotion regulation. With development, socialization influences on emotion regulation give way to more internally mediated emotion regulation processes (Calkins, 1994; Thompson, 1994). By adolescence, individuals are better able to structure their own environment as a way of regulating their emotions, and they are capable of cognitively sophisticated emotion regulation strategies such as reframing and taking another’s point of view (Gross & Muñoz, 1995).
This broader view of emotion regulation—that is, as the behavioral strategies one uses to modify, intensify, diminish, or transform emotional reactions—is an integral part of the functionalist perspective on emotion (Campos et al., 1994; Thompson, 1994). The functionalist perspective highlights several characteristics of emotion regulation. For instance, optimal emotion regulation is best conceptualized as context dependent, rather than as a stable feature of individual functioning (Thompson, 1994). Different contexts present diverse emotional challenges, and optimal emotion regulation varies depending on the goals of the individual in specific situations (Thompson, 1994). Accordingly, individuals have different goals depending on the interpersonal context (friend vs. stranger vs. authority figure), and the most adaptive way of dealing with emotions such as anger in each of these situations may differ (Underwood, 1997). Similarly, individuals may show effective emotion regulation in one context (e.g., with peers)butnotinanother(e.g.,withsiblings;Thompson,1994; Whitesell & Harter, 1996). A related emphasis in the functionalist perspective is that emotion regulation is an interpersonal phenomenon more than an intrapsychic phenomenon (Campos et al., 1994). For instance, core emotions such as happiness, guilt, pride, and shame all reflect core relationship themes (Campos et al., 1994). In addition, beliefs about the availability of support and the likely response of others can facilitate or hamper effective emotion regulation (Thompson, 1994). In turn, emotion regulation skills can facilitate or hamper the achievement of important interpersonal developmental tasks, such as forming secure relationships with others (Cole et al., 1994).
Most research on emotion regulation has focused on infants (e.g., Field, 1994) and young children (e.g., Shields & Cicchetti, 1997; Underwood, 1997). Less attention has been directed at how emotion regulation operates in adolescence. Despite this lack of formal theorizing about emotion regulation in adolescence, the emotion regulation framework can be useful for conceptualizing and integrating a variety of constructs that have been the subject of much empirical attention in the literature on adolescence. For instance, indicators of adolescents’ psychological well-being (e.g., selfesteem, positive mood) can be interpreted from an emotion regulation perspective as illustrative of the successful regulation of emotions, or adaptive emotional functioning. Likewise, indicators of psychological distress (e.g., depression) can be viewed as capturing emotion dysregulation. In this section we examine research that bears on adaptive emotional regulation, followed by research important to understanding emotion dysregulation.
Indicators of Adaptive Emotion Regulation
How do we know when adolescents are doing well? By what measure can we achieve some level of confidence that teens are successfully negotiating their way around their world, mastering important developmental tasks, and learning to regulate their emotions in ways that will ensure their eventual success in adulthood? Throughout the empirical literature on adolescence, there are a host of constructs and indicators of emotional well-being, including, but not limited to, a high self-esteem (Haney & Durlak, 1998; Zimmerman, Copeland, Shope, & Dielman, 1997), a positive self-concept and stable sense of identity (Harter, 1990; Nurmi, 1997), a high level of ego development (Allen, Hauser, Bell, & O’Connor, 1994; Hauser & Safyer, 1994), social competence (Bustra, Bosma, & Jackson, 1994; Gullotta, Adams, & Montemayor, 1990), a positive mood or emotional tone (Larson & Richards, 1994; Petersen et al., 1993), school engagement and competence (Sandler, Ayers, Suter, Schultz, & Twohey, in press; Wigfield & Eccles, 1994), and feelings of attachment to parents and friends (Allen, Moore, Kuperminc, & Bell, 1998; Greenberger & McLaughlin, 1998; Paterson, Pryor, & Field, 1995). Although each of these indicators alone is the subject of a large body of research, studies have found that these measures of emotional well-being are typically positively correlated with one another (e.g., DuBois, Bull, Sherman, & Roberts, 1998; Paterson et al., 1995; Petersen et al., 1993). A review of each of these indicators is beyond the scope of this research paper. However, many of these constructs have been generally incorporated into larger integrative models that represent the adolescent’s overall level of adaptation. From the perspective of emotion regulation, models of the self-system and psychosocial maturity are particularly appropriate to consider.
In decades of research, many aspects of self have been defined and measured. One of the most common is self-esteem, which is typically defined as an affective evaluation of the self, involving feelings of self-worth (DuBois & Hirsch, 2000). A long history of research shows that high levels of global selfesteem are linked with positive adjustment in adolescents, including higher academic achievement and lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems (DuBois et al., 1998; Haney & Durlak, 1998; Zimmerman et al., 1997). Selfconcept is typically seen as a cognitive representation of the self, or perceptions of one’s personal and interpersonal characteristics (Haney & Durlak, 1998). Although there is no single definition or understanding of self-concept, self-concept is increasingly seen to be multidimensional in nature, incorporating elements of self-evaluation in specific domains, such as the school, peer, and athletic contexts (Harter, 1990; Harter, Bresnick, Bouchey, & Whitesell, 1997).
Self-system is a term recently used to describe in a broad sense the many elements of adolescents’ representations of self, including self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy, possible selves, standards for self, values, and motivations (DuBois & Hirsch, 2000; Harter et al., 1997). There is no question that adolescents’ positive self-attributions and closer connections between their multiple actual and ideal selves are linked with positive developmental outcomes (DuBois & Hirsch, 2000; Harter et al., 1997). With respect to identity development, the establishment of a stable sense of identity (the integration of a coherent sense of self that persists over time) is a key developmental task of adolescence (Erikson, 1968; Harter, 1990). Identity formation requires not only the consolidation of self-attributes into an organized system but also the integration of self with societal roles (Harter, 1990).
Haviland, Davidson, Ruetsch, Gebelt, and Lancelot (1994) have argued that emotion is a central part of identity structures, with adolescents’self-descriptions varying in the extent to which positive and negative emotions are represented. Thus, constructs such as self-esteem, self-concept, and identity fall under the general rubric of the self-system and speak to the issue of successful emotional regulation.
Indicators of emotional well-being are also a key feature of psychosocial maturity, as defined by Greenberger and colleagues (Greenberger, Josselson, Knerr, & Knerr, 1975; Greenberger & Sørenson, 1974). This model encompasses three major domains of development, each consisting of multiple dimensions, which must be fostered if the child is to become a productive adult. The first domain is autonomy, or the individual’s ability to function independently. The achievement of autonomy is characterized by self-reliance (the capacity to take initiative and to have a sense of control over one’s life and activities), identity (a coherent selfconcept,completewithlifegoalsandinternalizedvalues),and work orientation (standards for competence and taking pleasure in work). The second domain is interpersonal adequacy, or the individual’s ability to communicate and interact well with others. This requires effective communication skills, such as empathy and the ability to understand and receive messages, a sense of trust in others, and knowledge of roleappropriate behavior.The third domain of psychosocial maturity is social responsibility, or the individual’s capacity to contribute to the well-being of society. This involves a sense of social commitment to the good of the community, an openness to social and political change to achieve higher order goals, and a tolerance and acceptance of individual and cultural differences (Greenberger & Sørenson, 1974). It is easy to observe that specific indicators of emotional well-being (e.g., social competence, attachment to parents and peers, school engagement, strong ego development, and a coherent identity) overlap with elements in this model of psychosocial maturity.
Aside from the fact that various indicators of emotional well-being are contained within larger models of the self and of psychosocial maturity, how can the diverse array of constructs, such as school engagement, self-esteem, identity, positive mood, and attachment to parents and peers, be indicators of “emotional” well-being? What do they have in common? According to Cole et al. (1994), children have a number of emotion-based developmental tasks that they must accomplish, including tolerance for frustration, establishing and enjoying friendships, defending the self, and acquiring interest in learning. In adolescence, major developmental tasks are to search for and establish an identity, pursue and succeed in intimate friendships, accept responsibility for oneself, and prepare for an education and career (Arnett, 2000). Cole et al. argued that the accomplishment of tasks such as these involves the ability to regulate emotions. Emotional regulation, therefore, is a tie that links together and perhaps underlies constructs such as self-esteem, mood, school engagement, identity, social competence, and feelings about parents and peers.
The importance of emotion regulation to the basic task of maturing and becoming an adult is recognizable in adolescents’ descriptions of what it means to be “grown up.” In a qualitative study (Tilton-Weaver, Vitunski, & Galambos, 2001) examining adolescents’ implicit theories of maturity, sixth- and ninth-grade adolescents were told, “Please think of someone your age who seems more ‘grown up’ than most other kids (do not name him or her).What are some words that describe the ways in which this person seems grown up? ”Half of the adolescents described what appeared to be genuinely mature adolescents. Incorporated into these adolescents’ rich descriptions of genuine maturity were behaviors indicative of emotional regulation: “Doesn’t let anger get in the way of good judgment,” “if someone wants to fight him, he just walks away,” “they are very calm, are helpful, do not get agitated easily,” “can control and explain his feelings,” and “he talks about feelings instead of hiding them.” Not only was control of one’s own emotions important in their descriptions of genuinely mature adolescents, but so was the ability to deal with others’ strong emotions, as in this description of a peacemaker: “she is very calm when people are fighting, she tries to break it up or get them back together.” Tolerance is another feeling that came across in these adolescents’ descriptions: “Respects others’feelings, opinions, decisions, character” and “the person doesn’t judge people by what they look like . . . which I think is good.” Emotion regulation may not be the only hallmark of psychosocial maturity, but it is an important one.
Indicators of Emotion Dysregulation
The construct of emotion regulation not only unites the literature on emotional well-being just reviewed, but it also is central to the study of emotional distress. Emotion-related symptoms are a defining feature of most categories of psychopathology, and the development of emotion regulation is an implied goal of most psychological treatments (Cole et al., 1994). Emotion dysregulation refers to strategies that individuals use to cope with emotions that are maladaptive, such as restricted or inflexible emotional responding (Cole et al., 1994). Examples of emotion dysregulation include not having access to a full range of emotions, an inability to modulate the intensity or duration of emotions, not conforming to cultural display rules for emotions, an inability to integrate mixed emotions, and an inability to think and talk about emotions (Cole et al., 1994).
Emotion dysregulation is not the same as an absence of regulation; dysregulated emotions such as anger or withdrawal serve some adaptive purpose in the short term even though they may interfere with optimal development in the long term (Cole et al., 1994). However, dysregulated emotional styles are considered a vulnerability because maladaptive short-term strategies may become characteristic coping styles and develop into internalizing or externalizing disorders over time (Calkins, 1994; Cole et al., 1994).
Much research into adolescent emotional development has focused implicitly on emotion dysregulation by examining predictors and consequences of internalizing and externalizing disorders. Internalizing problems generally refer to subjective emotions such as depressive feelings and anxiety, whereas externalizing problems refer to more objectively disruptive behaviors such as overt aggressive and antisocial conduct. Although there is a high degree of comorbidity between the two and difficulties such as peer problems and low school motivation may be excluded from the internalizing-externalizing dichotomy (Wångby, Bergman, & Magnusson, 1999), the distinction is still a useful heuristic device for considering maladaptive adjustment patterns in adolescence. We focus our review on the experience of internalizing problems in general and in major depressive disorder (MDD) in particular. An emotion regulation perspective provides a framework for integrating the diverse theoretical orientations related to the experience of depression (see Gross & Muñoz, 1995, for a review).
The Emergence of Internalizing Disorders During Adolescence
Adolescence has traditionally been viewed as a time of increased negative emotions and emotional lability (Arnett, 1999). Reviews of adolescent depression indicate that adolescents report depressed mood at a higher rate than do preadolescents or adults (Petersen et al., 1993). Longitudinal studies of emotion development consistently find that negative affect increases from preadolescence to adolescence (Buchanan et al., 1992) and that depressed mood increases in early adolescence and decreases around late adolescence (Chen, Mechanic, & Hansell, 1998).
Epidemiological studies of the incidence of formal psychiatric disorders also point to adolescence as a time of increased emotional distress relative to later points in the life span. For instance, in the U.S. National Comorbidity Study, the 12month prevalence of psychiatric disorders was highest in the youngest cohort (ages 15–24 years; Kessler et al., 1994). Similarly, Canada’s National Population Health Survey found that major depressive episodes were highest in women ages 12 to 24 compared to males and older women (Beaudet, 1999).
Generally, the point prevalence of psychiatric disturbance in adolescence is about 1 in 4 or 5 (Casper, Belanoff, & Offer, 1996; Offer, Ostrov, Howard, & Atkinson, 1992). Newman et al. (1996) interviewed almost 1,000 adolescents five times over a 10-year period in a nonselected cohort in New Zealand. They found that internalizing disorders were among the most prevalent diagnoses. For instance, at age 21, 16.8% of the sample was diagnosed with MDD. Significantly, they found a sharp increase in depressive disorders during mid- to late adolescence (ages 15 to 18), which suggests that this may be a critical time for studying vulnerability to depression (Hankin et al., 1998).
Similar increases in the rate of depression during adolescence were found in the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project, a longitudinal study of over 1,700 adolescents (Lewinsohn, Rohde, & Seeley, 1998). In this study approximately 28% of adolescents had experienced an episode of MDD by age 19, with a mean age of onset of 14.9 years. Almost half (43%) of adolescents with MDD had a comorbid diagnosis, and in 80% of the cases the MDD was secondary to the comorbid condition. An important finding was that subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms were associated with almost as much psychosocial impairment as clinical levels of depression.
Gender Differences in Internalizing Disorders
Studies of both nonclinical levels of depressed and anxious mood, as well as studies of clinical levels of depression, all report higher rates of distress for females compared with males in adolescence (Chen et al., 1998; Leadbeater, Kuperminc, Blatt, & Hertzog, 1999; Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994). Prospective longitudinal studies indicate that internalizing symptoms remain high or increase for females, whereas they remain at relatively lower levels for males across adolescence (Leadbeater et al., 1999; Scaramella, Conger, & Simons, 1999). Gender differences in clinical levels of depression follow similar patterns. Gender differences in MDD are nonexistent in preadolescence, first emerge in early adolescence (ages 12–14), and increase dramatically in middle to late adolescence (ages 15–18; Hankin et al., 1998; Lewinsohn et al., 1998). By midadolescence the prevalence of MDD among females is more than double that of males; by age 18 approximately 11% of males compared with 24% of females are diagnosed with depression (Hankin et al., 1998; Lewinsohn et al., 1998).
Several explanations for these gender differences have been proposed. According to Nolen-Hoeksema (1994), gender differences in the emotion regulation strategies that males and females use to cope with distress partially account for differential rates of depression. In particular, she argued that females tend to employ passive, ruminative coping styles that place them at greater risk for depression compared with the more active and distracting coping styles of males. Other factors that may be related to gender differences in depression are adolescents’ self-representations. For instance, females report lower levels of self-competence than males, and these differences partially account for differences in symptoms of depression and anxiety (Ohannessian, Lerner, Lerner, & von Eye, 1999). In addition, females show more preoccupation with relationships, threats of abandonment, and loss of nurturing compared with males, and these interpersonal vulnerabilities are associated with increased internalizing symptoms (Leadbeater et al., 1999). In general, the quality of relationships with parents and peers shows a stronger relationship to internalizing symptoms in females than males (Leadbeater et al., 1999), and females may feel more pressure to conform to the expectations of parents and peers (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994). Finally, gender differences in the experience of depression may be related to the finding that females experience greater stress during adolescence (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994). For instance, the changes in body shape and size that females experience during puberty are generally unwelcome, whereas the pubertal changes to male body shape and size are generally valued. In addition, females experience dramatically greater rates of sexual abuse in early adolescence compared with males, which is associated with elevated rates of depression.
Predictors and Correlates of Internalizing Disorders
Depressed mood has been associated with poor school motivation and performance, marital discord and family conflict, the experience of stressful life events, low popularity, and, for females, both early- and late-onset puberty (Leadbeater et al., 1999; Lewinsohn et al., 1998; Petersen et al., 1993; Roeser, Eccles, & Sameroff, 1998). Many studies highlight the importance of the interpersonal context of adolescent depressive disorders. For instance, the quality of attachment between parents and adolescents plays a role in internalizing adjustment problems. Adolescents with secure attachments experience fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas adolescents with preoccupied, anxious, or avoidant attachment relationships experience relatively more psychological distress (Allen et al., 1998; Cooper, Shaver, & Collins, 1998; Marton & Maharaj, 1993; Noom, Dekovic, & Meeus, 1999). Furthermore, interactions in families with a depressed adolescent are observed to be less cohesive and supportive compared with families with well-adjusted adolescents (Sheeber & Sorensen, 1998). In addition, inept and inadequate parenting, characterized by less warmth and acceptance, more hostility, greater psychological control, and less consistent discipline, is associated with increased risk for internalizing symptoms and clinical depression across adolescence (Conger, Conger, & Scaramella, 1997; Ge, Conger, Lorenz, & Simons, 1994; Marton & Maharaj, 1993; Scaramella et al., 1999). For males, greater psychological control by siblings is also associated with increases in internalizing symptoms over time (K. Conger et al., 1997).
These disruptions in parenting and parent-adolescent relationships may affect depressive symptoms through their effects on adolescents’self-representations. For instance, lower maternal acceptance and greater psychological control are associated with lower levels of self-worth, which in turn are associated with elevated levels of depression (Garber, Robinson, & Valentiner, 1997). Similarly, disrupted parentadolescentrelationships(i.e.,separation-individuationconflicts, parental rejection, or excessive dependency) are associated with greater self-critical and interpersonal vulnerabilities, which in turn are associated with increased depressed mood (Frank, Poorman, Van Egeren, & Field, 1997). Other intrapsychic variables, such as lower levels of attitudinal and emotional autonomy (Noom et al., 1999) and greater self-awareness (Chen et al., 1998), are also associated with increased depressed mood.
Much of what we know about personality development is actually based on research with either young children or adults. These have been largely disconnected lines of inquiry with a long history of research on young children devoted to studying temperament and a great deal of research on adults examining personality. These separate lines of inquiry are now being joined as researchers attempt to understand the overlap and the connections between temperament in childhood and personality in adulthood (Sanson & Rothbart, 1995). As the transition period between childhood and adulthood, adolescence is perhaps an ideal time for considering personality and temperament. In research on adolescent personality and temperament, several key issues have been identified. These issues include (a) the core structure of personality, (b) the origins of personality, (c) continuity in personality across the life span, and (d) the fit between temperament/personality dimensions and the social context. These issues as they pertain to research on adolescence are elaborated in this section.
The Structure of Personality
The search for core features of personality has a long history. In personality research across the twentieth century, a myriad of personality traits has been identified, measured, examined, and linked to each other as well as to the individual’s psychosocial adjustment. Given the large array of possible personality constructs, the search for a taxonomy, or descriptive model, of core personality traits has occupied the efforts of many researchers, particularly those examining personality in adults (John, 1990). One taxonomy, the Big Five, is a comprehensive model consisting of five broad personality traits or factors under which most if not all other descriptors of personality are subsumed (Goldberg, 1993). This model is based largely on clusters of adjectives that people use to describe themselves. The five factors and examples of adjectives attached to these factors are Extroversion (assertive, enthusiastic, outgoing), Agreeableness (generous, kind, sympathetic), Conscientiousness (organized, planful, responsible), Neuroticism (anxious, self-pitying), and Openness/Intellect (curious, imaginative, wide interests; Caspi, 1998; Goldberg, 1993; John, 1990). Growing support for the Big Five as a meaningful framework for understanding personality dispositions has emerged over the years. This support is based on accumulating empirical evidence that the five-factor structure is robust across many studies and cultures and that it can be used to predict behaviors such as job performance (Goldberg, 1993; McCrae et al., 1999). Nevertheless, there are other models of personality structure, some with two or three factors and some with many more (Church, 1994; Eysenck, 1992; Goldberg, 1993).
Given that most research on the Big Five has been conducted on samples of adults, an important question has been whether these five factors describe the personality structures of children and adolescents. Studies examining this issue in American and Dutch samples have appeared in the last decade, with a five-factor model finding support in samples of individuals ranging in age from early childhood through adolescence, including girls and boys (Digman, 1989; Graziano & Ward, 1992; Havill, Allen, Halverson, & Kohnstamm, 1994; Kohnstamm, Halverson, Havill, & Mervielde, 1996; van Lieshout & Haselager, 1994). One study of 12- to 13-year-old African American and Caucasian boys, rated by their mothers on a set of personality characteristics, found evidence that the Big Five replicated in this ethnically diverse sample (John, Caspi, Robins, Moffitt, & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1994). The results were suggestive also of two additional dimensions of personality at this age: irritability (whines, feelings are easily hurt, has tantrums) and positive activity (energetic, physically active). This research also found that the five factors were linked differentially with indicators of adolescents’ emotional well-being. For example, adolescent boys with externalizing problems were less agreeable, less conscientious, and more extroverted than were those not showing externalizing behavior. Boys with internalizing disorders were high on neuroticism and low on conscientiousness. Poorer school performance was seen among boys who scored lower on conscientiousness and lower on openness (e.g., curiosity).
There are several advantages to identifying a comprehensive model of personality. If researchers agree on and measure the same set of core dimensions of personality in their research, the results of their studies are more directly comparable. Essentially, acceptance of a model such as the Big Five ensures that researchers are speaking the same language. A body of research based on a similarly shared understanding of constructs can lead to clearer and more integrated knowledge of the origins, course of development, and implications of personality (John, 1990). Without a common set of constructs that can be measured across the life span, it is more difficult to draw conclusions about how personality develops from infancy through adulthood—a key question in developmental psychology. The field of research on adolescence generally has not been driven by such a model. Rather, there is wide diversity in the personality constructs that have been measured in research on adolescence. Typically, selected personality traits such as selfrestraint, aggression, and sensation seeking have been measured, often in isolation from other personality characteristics (Shiner, 1998). These selected characteristics are then related to individual differences in adolescent behaviors such as risk taking, early childbearing, and delinquency (e.g., Black, Ricardo, & Stanton, 1997; Feldman & Weinberger, 1994; Underwood, Kupersmidt, & Coie, 1996). The Big Five is a promising model that could be used by researchers of adolescent development as a way to understand links between adolescents’ personalities and their behaviors and emotional well-being.
The Origins of Personality in Temperament
Whereas the study of personality has been located largely in the empirical literature on adults, the study of temperament has been confined mostly to infants and children (for exceptions, see Tubman & Windle, 1995; Wills, DuHamel, & Vaccaro, 1995; Windle, 1992). Only recently has research on personality and temperament begun to be integrated (Sanson & Rothbart, 1995). Although researchers concur neither on a single definition of temperament nor on a core set of temperamental dimensions, it is generally assumed that a child’s temperament is composed of multiple behavioral attributes present at birth (Kagan, 1998). Moreover, there is purported evidence from twin and adoption studies of a substantial genetic influence on temperamental and personality attributes in childhood and adolescence, although there are nonshared environmental influences as well (Braungart, Plomin, DeFries, & Fulker, 1992; Caspi, 1998; Rowe, Almeida, & Jacobson, 1999; Saudino, McGuire, Reiss, Hetherington, & Plomin, 1995). Many authors believe that temperament forms the substrate of personality. Specifically, through the influence of the child’s increasing capacities and interactions with the environment, temperament evolves or becomes elaborated across childhood into a set of differentiated personality traits (Caspi, 1998; Goldsmith et al., 1987; Sanson & Rothbart, 1995; Shiner, 1998).
The modern study of temperament began with the classic work of Thomas and Chess (1977; see also Chess & Thomas, 1999), who followed a group of infants into adulthood. Based on observations of the behavioral styles of these infants, Thomas and Chess identified nine dimensions of temperament along which infants varied. Among these dimensions were activity level, adaptability, intensity of reaction, quality of mood, rhythmicity, and approach. Thomas and Chess also classified children as having “difficult” or “easy” temperaments on the basis of their patterns on a select set of temperamental dimensions. Their pioneering work recognized that early individual differences in temperament were an influential source of individual differences in parent-child relations and in later emotional well-being.
Other models of temperament followed, most of which identified several core dimensions of temperament (Buss & Plomin, 1984; Goldsmith & Campos, 1986; Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981). For instance, Buss and Plomin’s (1984) EAS model identified Emotionality (primarily negative emotions), Activity, and Sociability as basic dimensions of temperament. Rothbart and Derryberry (1981) defined temperament as individual differences in two broad dimensions: reactivity to internal and external stimulation (or the arousability of one’s behavioral, emotional, and biological responses) and self-regulation (or processes such as attention, approach, withdrawal, and self-soothing that modulate reactivity). Models of temperament have undergone modifications and development as research has accumulated (Buss & Plomin, 1984; Windle & Lerner, 1986). Rothbart and colleagues have reported that across a number of studies from early childhood to adulthood, three broad factors of temperament emerge (Ahadi & Rothbart, 1994; Capaldi & Rothbart, 1992; Sanson & Rothbart, 1995). The first, labeled Positive Emotionality, Surgency, or Sociability, is captured by higher scores on approach, high-intensity pleasure, and activity subscales. The second, labeled Negative Emotionality or Affectivity, is based on feelings of fear, anger, discomfort, and sadness. A third factor, called Effortful Control or Persistence, is defined by inhibitory control, attentional focusing, low-intensity pleasure, and perceptual sensitivity.
Generally, personality is seen to be broader and more differentiated than temperament, with personality incorporating behavior, motives, emotions, attitudes, and values (Digman, 1994). Because early-emerging temperamental characteristics are believed to mature and become elaborated over time into distinct personality traits (Caspi, 1998), researchers have attempted to delineate how dimensions of temperament converge with the Big Five personality dimensions (Halverson, Kohnstramm, & Martin, 1994). Interestingly, the three factors of Positive Emotionality, Negative Emotionality, and Effortful Control appear to map onto three of the Big Five personality dimensions. Specifically, Positive Emotionality maps onto the Extroversion personality dimension in the Big Five, Negative Emotionality maps onto Neuroticism, and Effortful Control maps onto Conscientiousness (Ahadi & Rothbart, 1994; Sanson & Rothbart, 1995). Other scholars, too, have pointed to the overlap between early emerging dimensions of temperament and adolescent and adult personality structure (Caspi, 1998; Digman, 1994; John et al., 1994; Shiner, 1998).
Continuity in Temperament and Personality
The assumption that temperamental attributes present in childhood are predictive of later temperamental or personality attributes leads us to ask whether there is continuity in these attributes—a question that can only be answered with longitudinal studies following the same individuals from childhood to adulthood. Such studies have examined stability coefficients, that is, correlations between specific temperamental attributes in infancy or childhood and those same aspects of temperament at a later point. Earlier studies of temperamental stability indicated only moderate stability across time, but more recent studies that have controlled for conceptual and methodological problems show relatively high stabilities (in the .70s to .80s) in temperamental characteristics such as sociability and irritability from infancy to age 7 or 8 years (Pedlow, Sanson, Prior, & Oberklaid, 1993; Sanson & Rothbart, 1995). Thus, there is evidence for continuity in temperamental characteristics, although there is also room for change.
Insight into the issue of continuity is also gained by examining how early temperament is linked with later personality traits. One study, conducted in New Zealand, followed individuals from age 3 to young adulthood (Caspi, 2000; Caspi & Silva, 1995). At the age of 3, analyses identified three replicable groups of children based on ratings of their behavior. These groups were labeled as Undercontrolled (e.g., impulsive), Inhibited (e.g., fearful), and Well Adjusted (e.g., coped well, friendly). At the age of 18, these groups were reassessed for personality traits. There were clear and significant associations between temperamental styles at age 3 and personality at age 18. For example, children who were undercontrolled at age 3 had similar characteristics at age 18: They were characterized as impulsive, danger-seeking, high on negative emotionality, and engaged in conflict with others. Inhibited children became rather cautious as young adults, showing a restrained behavioral style: harm-avoidant, not aggressive, and not interpersonally assertive. Well-adjusted children became normal young adults, showing no extreme scores on any personality dimension.
Thus, this study provided evidence for continuity in behavioral styles from early childhood through adolescence. Moreover, in the longer term the early temperamental characteristics of these children were predictive of a wide variety of aspects of functioning, including the quality of interpersonal relations, the availability of social support, unemployment, psychiatric disorders, and criminal behavior (Caspi, 2000). Other studies, too, demonstrate continuities in temperament and personality characteristics such as behavioral inhibition and shyness (Kagan, 1989; Katainen, Räikkönen, & Keltikangas-Järvinen, 1998). Continuities in personality may result from a kind of snowballing effect in which early temperamental styles create consequences, situations, and interactions with others that serve to reinforce natural tendencies (Caspi & Silva, 1995).
The Goodness-of-Fit Model of Temperament
Even though there are clear links between one’s early personality and later functioning, some authors assert that the import of temperament is best understood by examining the context in which it takes place. A goodness-of-fit model of temperament posits that the impact of children’s temperament on their development is a function of how well their temperamental characteristics fit the demands of the social context (Chess & Thomas, 1999; Thomas & Chess, 1977). When the child’s temperament matches those demands, there is a greater likelihood that social interactions will be favorable to the child’s development. A poor fit, however, may jeopardize his or her social interactions and subsequent psychosocial adjustment (Chess & Thomas, 1999; Lerner & Lerner, 1983; Nitz, Lerner, Lerner, & Talwar, 1988; Talwar, Nitz, & Lerner, 1990; Thomas & Chess, 1977). In one study (East et al., 1992), young adolescents’ fit with their peer group was measured by assessing the difference between adolescents’ own temperamental characteristics and their classroom peers’judgments of preferred temperamental characteristics in classmates. These difference or fit scores were then correlated with measures of adolescents’ psychosocial competence. As expected, the adolescent’s fit with peer group demands for particular temperamental attributes was linked with a variety of measures. For instance, adolescents whose characteristics of adaptability (mood, flexibility, and approach behaviors) matched their peers’demands for adaptability received favorable nominations from peers on sociometric measures. Fit scores for adaptability and rhythmicity also were linked with self- and teacher-rated psychosocial competence. Moreover, some of the relations between fit and psychosocial competence were found consistently across three times of measurement from the beginning to the end of Grade 6. These findings provide evidence that a closer match between the adolescent’s temperament and the social context is linked with more desirable psychosocial functioning.
Goodness-of-Fit in Parent and Adolescent Temperaments
One way to conceptualize adolescents’ fit with the social context is to consider how adolescents’and parents’temperaments work together. That is, both members of a parentadolescent dyad bring to their relationship temperamental characteristics that may be complementary—or that may clash. In this sense, one family member’s temperament imposes demands on the other, whose own temperament may not fit with those demands (Kawaguchi, Welsh, Powers, & Rostosky, 1998). For example, an adolescent who is rigid with respect to approaching new situations might have a more harmonious relationship with a parent who is flexible than with a parent who is equally rigid. Mismatched temperamental styles might eventuate in conflicted or perhaps even hostile relations. Few researchers have examined parentadolescent relations as a joint function of the temperaments of parents and adolescents, although there are such studies of younger children (Belsky, 1996; Kawaguchi et al., 1998).
In a test of a goodness-of-fit model in parent and adolescent temperaments, Galambos and Turner (1999) examined in 7th-grade adolescents and their parents whether two broad dimensions of parent and adolescent temperaments (i.e., adaptability and activity level) combined or interacted to predict the quality of parent-adolescent relations. There were significant interactions between parent and adolescent dimensions of temperament in the prediction of some aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship. For example, motherson conflict was highest in dyads comprised of mothers low on adaptability and their low-activity sons. The authors speculated that low activity levels in sons were not interpreted happily by less adaptable mothers who might have expected boys to be highly active (in keeping with sex stereotypes). On the other hand, mother-daughter conflict was highest in dyads in which mothers were less adaptable and daughters were more active. Again, less adaptable mothers may have had difficulties with girls whose patterns of high activity were not in keeping with traditional sex stereotypes of appropriate female behavior. Another set of results demonstrated that the combination of low adaptability in both fathers and daughters was associated with more psychologically controlling behavior in the fathers. Moreover, less adaptable daughters reported higher levels of conflict with their less adaptable fathers than did other daughters. Low adaptability may be a risk factor for less optimal parentadolescent relations, particularly when found in both members of the parent-adolescent dyad. Although these results were based on correlational data, they are consistent with a goodness-of-fit model. Selected aspects of parent and adolescent temperaments fit better with each other than do others, as indicated by the quality of parent-adolescent relations.
Emerging Trends and Future Directions
In the previous sections we have reviewed contemporary research related to emotional well-being, emotional distress, personality, and temperament during adolescence. In this final section we would like to highlight four emerging areas of investigation in research on emotions and personality in adolescence. These trends include (a) a more explicit focus on indications of optimal emotional adjustment in adolescence, (b) an examination of cultural variations in emotions and personality during adolescence, (c) an integration of temperament into the study of adolescent adjustment, and (d) the increasing use of person approaches to studying emotion and personality.
A Focus on Optimal Development
The first emerging theme in research on adolescents’ emotional and personality development is a focus on positive adolescent development (Lerner, Fisher, & Weinberg, 2000; Lerner & Galambos, 1998). Adolescent research has been criticized for focusing too much on adolescent problem behaviors and distress, or defining positive development as the absence of difficulties, rather than focusing explicitly on the development of positive, adaptive qualities (Galambos & Leadbeater, 2000; Larson, 2000; Schulenberg, Maggs, & Hurrelmann, 1997; Wagner, 1996). However, research into healthy adolescent development is emerging. Some of this work identifies the protective factors that enable youth in high-risk environments to reach their full potentials. For example, a review of programs designed to promote healthy youth development (Roth, Brooks-Gunn, Murray, & Foster, 1998) highlights the diverse ways in which communities and schools are working to build strengths among adolescents.
Other research in this area explores the development of specific positive qualities among all adolescents. For instance, Wentzel and McNamara (1999) examined the development of prosocial behaviors among early adolescents. Prosocial behaviors, such as cooperation, sharing, and helping, were assessed through peer nominations. They found that prosocial behaviors are facilitated by feelings of peer acceptance. The role of family support in the development of prosocial behaviors was indirect, mediated by emotional distress. Thus, adolescents who are accepted by their peers and who are able to regulate their emotions effectively may have more opportunities to learn prosocial skills. Larson (2000) focused on the development of initiative during adolescence. He defined initiative as the internal motivation to pursue a challenging goal and saw it as a prerequisite for the development of other positive qualities such as leadership and altruism. Adolescents who display initiative feel invested in and excited about their futures. Larson’s research highlights the types of contexts that promote initiative and other positive qualities.These contexts consist of structured extracurricular activities, such as sports or organized hobbies, which provide the intrinsic motivation and concentrated attention that are believed to foster initiative.
In order to examine positive adolescent development systematically, a model or definition of the components of optimal development is necessary. Lerner et al. (2000) outlined a model of adolescent development in which five broad features of positive adolescent development are identified. These five characteristics include (a) Caring/Compassion (e.g., empathy), (b) Competence (cognitive, behavioral, and social), (c) Character (e.g., integrity), (d) Connection (e.g., positive bonds with others and with society), and (e) Confidence (e.g., self-efficacy). Similarly, Wagner (1996) developed a model of optimal development in adolescence. He defined aspects of optimal development within six domains: Biological, Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, and Vocational. Within the Emotional domain, for example, optimal development is indicated by qualities such as emotional awareness, self-confidence, optimism, and resilience. Such attention to positive adolescent development holds great promise to increase our understanding of the developmental factors and assets that enable adolescents not just to survive but to thrive (Scales, Benson, Leffert, & Blyth, 2000).
Cultural Variations in Emotional and Personality Development
A second theme that is emerging in research on adolescents’ emotional and personality development concerns the role of culture and ethnicity in adolescent development. It is beyond the scope of this research paper to review all of the literature on cultural influences and differences in adolescent development. However, here we survey some of the major areas of inquiry.
The past decade has seen increasing interest in examining the emotional well-being of ethnically diverse adolescents (e.g.,Luster&McAdoo,1994;McAdoo,1993).AmongAsian and Asian American adolescents, researchers have investigated indicators of adjustment such as psychosocial competence (Mantzicopoulos & Oh-Hwang, 1998; Sim, 2000), autonomy (Juang, Lerner, McKinney, & von Eye, 1999), and self-esteem (Watkins, Dong, & Xia, 1997), as well as indicators of maladjustment, such as anxiety (Hishinuma, Miyamoto, Nishimura, & Nahalu, 2000), depression (Ying, Lee, Tsai, Yeh, & Huang, 2000), and psychological distress (Chiu, Feldman, & Rosenthal, 1992). Because most theories of emotional development in adolescence were developed based on research with European American participants, research with ethnically diverse participants is necessary to evaluate whether theories of adolescence generalize to other segments of the population. Some of this literature highlights similarities in the predictors of adolescent emotional development across ethnic groups. Using Chinese adolescents as an example, many aspects of positive parenting, such as warm parent-child relationships, firm control, monitoring, and the absence of coercive exchanges, are related to higher levels of adolescent emotional well-being in locations such as Hong Kong (Shek, 1997a, 1997b) and Shanghai (Chen, Dong, & Zhou, 1997; Chen, Liu, & Li, 2000; Chen, Rubin, & Li, 1997). However, within NorthAmerica the evidence is mixed. Some researchers find similar relationships between parenting and adolescents’ emotional adjustment across cultural groups (Greenberger & Chen, 1996; Kim & Ge, 2000), whereas others find that these relationships do not replicate in different cultural groups (e.g., Barrett Singer & Weinstein, 2000) or that the specific domains of adolescent adjustment that are affected vary by cultural group (e.g., Bradley & Corwyn, 2000). An important area for future research is to continue to evaluate whether the cultural context within NorthAmerica moderates the effects of external factors on adolescent’s emotional well-being and distress (e.g., Collins, Maccoby, Steinberg, Hetherington, & Bornstein, 2000).
Research with adolescents from ethnically diverse backgrounds also highlights the need to consider emotional development in a cultural context. For instance, Costigan and Cauce (in press) examined developmental changes in adolescent autonomy and parent-adolescent conflict across adolescence among a sample of African American mothers and daughters. Although past literature has described African American mothers as restrictive or authoritarian, findings from this study suggested that mothers were appropriately selective in their willingness to relinquish control and grant autonomy. For example, mothers retained a higher amount of decision-making authority around important safety-related issues, despite a high level of conflict, whereas they allowed greater adolescent autonomy around personal issues such as hairstyles. These findings illustrate the challenge that African American mothers face in balancing the demands of protecting children while also fostering a sense of competence. For African American families such parenting challenges may be met through the assistance of an extended family network that provides goods, services, and emotional support to its members (McAdoo, 1997). Clearly, how the cultural contexts helps shape adolescents’ emotional development merits further attention.
Another way in which culture may affect adolescents’ emotional development is by influencing adolescents’ tendencies to express different emotions and the strategies used to regulate emotions. Emotions are managed in culturespecific ways (Thompson, 1994). First, there are cultural differences in how adolescents construe emotional events. For example, Liem, Lim, and Liem (2000) argued that the emotional responses of Asian Americans are generally more other oriented, focusing on interdependence, whereas European Americans are generally more self-oriented, focusing on independence. They find that these self-construals change as a result of acculturation. Second, cultures differ in their expectations for emotional displays (Campos et al., 1994). Chinese parents, for example, view dependency, caution, behavioral inhibition, and self-restraint in children more favorably than do parents in Western cultures (Chen, Rubin, & Li, 1997). Finally, cultures have varying emotional baselines and tolerances for the expression of emotions such as support, disagreement, and disapproval (Stillars, 1995). When there is a higher overall baseline for an emotion, there is also a greater tolerance for its expression, so that its expression in any given instance carries less impact. Alternatively, the impact of expressing an emotion for which there is less tolerance is accentuated (Stillars, 1995). This may be one mechanism by which culture moderates the effects of external events, such as parenting, on adolescent adjustment. For example, if lower levels of emotional expressiveness are more normative in Chinese culture, then Chinese parents may not be experienced as less warm by their children (e.g., Chao, 1994). In comparison with Western adolescents, an objectively lower amount of warmth may need to be present before the Chinese adolescents experience it as such.
A consideration of cultural influences also highlights culture-specific predictors of emotional well-being and culture-specific domains of emotional development. For example, for African American adolescents, perceptions of differential treatment based on race are associated with increases in depression and anger over time (Roeser et al., 1998). Furthermore, issues such as family obligations (e.g., Fuligni, Tseng, & Lam, 1999), parental respect (e.g., Chao, 2000), intergenerational value discrepancies (e.g., Phinney, Ong, & Madden, 2000), and acculturative stress are important constructs to examine in order to gain a full understanding of the emotional adjustment of immigrant and minority adolescents (e.g., Fuertes & Westbrook, 1996; Hovey & King, 1996; Kwan & Sodowsky, 1997; Thompson, Anderson, & Bakeman, 2000).
Perhaps the most salient culture-specific domain of emotional adjustment for ethnically diverse adolescents is ethnic identity. Ethnic identity is an important component of overall identity formation, and adolescence is a crucial time for ethnic identity exploration and commitment (Phinney, 1992). Spencer and colleagues (Spencer, Dupree, & Hartmann, 1997) proposed a phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (PVEST) model to explain the development of stable identities (including ethnic identity) and other aspects of healthy youth development. This model suggests that ethnic identity formation results from an interaction between the stressors that youths encounter in daily life and the subjective understanding or meaning that adolescents ascribe to these experiences.
Ethnic identity is comprised of two primary factors: ethnic identification (e.g., pride in one’s ethnic group) and exploration (e.g., trying to find out more about one’s ethnic group; Spencer, Icard, Harachi, Catalano, & Oxford, 2000). Adolescence is a key time for ethnic identity development because of advancing cognitive abilities as well as specific ethnic socialization experiences (Quintana, Castañeda-English, & Ybarra, 1999; Spencer et al., 1997). The salience of ethnic identity changes with changes in context, such as moving to a location where one is a minority member (Ichiyama, McQuarrie, & Ching, 1996). However, greater acculturation to a host culture does not necessarily mean a decrease in ethnic identification (Liu, Pope-Davis, Nevitt, & Toporek, 1999). Finally, ethnic identity has implications for adolescents’emotional well-being. In general, a stronger sense of one’s ethnic identityisrelatedtohigherfeelingsofself-esteem(Gray-Little & Hafdahl, 2000; Phinney, Cantu, & Kurtz, 1997; Phinney & Chavira, 1992) and self-efficacy (Smith, Walker, Fields, Brookins, & Seay, 1999). However, the relationship between ethnic identity and psychological adjustment is not always consistent and may depend on other factors such as one’s identification with the host culture and the ethnic density of one’s community (Eyou,Adair, & Dixon, 2000; McAdoo, 1993).
Integration of Temperament Into the Study of Adolescent Adjustment
Athird emerging theme in research on adolescents’emotional and personality development concerns integrating the role of temperament into models of adolescent adjustment. Research in this area has accelerated as the construct of emotion regulation has gained prominence in the study of adolescent development. The first step in integrating temperament into this research is to differentiate temperament from related constructs such as mood and emotion regulation. For instance, as outlined by Kagan (1994), the concept of emotion has been used to refer to acute and temporary changes in feeling, more permanent affective states that endure over years, and temperamentally based predispositions to react to events in certain ways. Kagan argues that we need to distinguish between chronic mood states and temperamental characteristics. Individuals with various temperaments differ in the ease with which they experience different emotions, and the emotions experienced may be qualitatively different. Indeed, Kagan (1998) concluded that variation in temperamental characteristics helps to explain why some children do not experience trauma-related symptoms even in the face of major stressors such as kidnapping or divorce. Rothbart and Bates (1998) proposed a number of possible models of the direct, indirect, and interactive effects of multiple temperamental traits on multiple adjustment indicators. Their explication of such linkages provides an abundance of possible processes that can and should be investigated.
Furthermore, we need to differentiate between temperament and emotion regulation skills (Underwood, 1997). Temperament affects the intensity of emotional experience. As a result, an individual who experiences emotions more intensely faces a greater challenge in emotion regulation. Similarly, individuals with different temperaments experience different levels of arousability. Because of differences in arousability, it is difficult to determine whether an adolescent who is apparently effectively managing an emotionallychallengingsituationissuperioratemotionregulation compared with an adolescent who is having more difficulty, or whether that adolescent is simply less reactive (Kagan, 1994). Future research needs to distinguish purposeful emotion regulation from low arousability.
The concept of emotion regulation highlights the role of temperament in socialization processes (e.g., Contreras et al., 2000). Much attention has been directed at the environmental antecedents of different emotional states, positive and negative. For instance, as reviewed earlier, parenting behaviors influence the development of adaptive emotion regulation, such as self-esteem and psychosocial maturity, as well as dysregulated emotions such as depression. However, adolescent adjustment and maladjustment are affected not only by an interpersonal environment that encourages or discourages certain qualities, but also by a person’s temperamental dispositions (Kagan, 1994). Future research needs to assess how temperament and socialization work together to influence the development of emotion regulation (Underwood, 1997).
Different models for considering both temperament and socialization in adolescent adjustment are emerging. For instance, Calkins (1994) integrated research on the developmental consequences of temperament and parenting styles in her model of the development of social competence in childhood. She examines the relative contributions of internal and external sources of individual differences in emotion regulation. Internal factors include temperamental characteristics such as physiological regulation (e.g., heart rate) and behavioral tendencies (e.g., soothability, reactivity). External factors include parents’ explicit training in emotion regulation skills as well as more global parenting styles (e.g., responsiveness, control). In this model, these internal and external factors independently influence a child’s emotion regulation style, which in turn affects subsequent interpersonal functioning such as relationships with peers (Calkins, 1994).
Other models highlight the transactional, bidirectional relationship between temperament and socialization (Collins et al., 2000; Wills et al., 1995). Reciprocal models of parent and child effects (e.g., Bell & Chapman, 1986) are not new to the study of child development. These models consider not only how parenting practices affect child development but also how children’s behavioral qualities affect the type of parenting they receive. Some of the research in this area has focused specifically on temperament. For instance, children with impulsive and irritable temperaments elicit more negative parenting than do children with less difficult temperaments (Dix, 1991). A longitudinal study found that parental punitive reactions to children’s negative emotions at ages 6 to 8 were linked to increases in these children’s problem behaviors and negative emotions by early adolescence (ages 10 to 12; Eisenberg et al., 1999). Such bidirectional models are rare, but much needed, in the study of emotions and socialization in adolescence.
Another model of how temperament can be integrated into studies of adolescent adjustment is emerging from research demonstrating how temperamental traits affect adolescents’ susceptibility to parenting and other external events (e.g., Colder, Lochman, & Wells, 1997). What might promote positive adjustment for one adolescent, or most adolescents, may be relatively ineffective with other adolescents. In childhood, evidence is accumulating that different children may require and respond to different levels of structure and support based on their temperamental characteristics (e.g., Belsky, Hsieh, & Crnic, 1998). For example, a hyperactive child may respond well to the type of strict limit setting that would stifle the competence of a shy child. Thus, temperament may moderate the association between parenting practices and adolescent adjustment.
Recent work with youth in late childhood and early adolescence examines these models. For instance, Lengua and colleagues (Lengua & Sandler, 1996; Lengua, Wolchik, Sandler, & West, 2000) have examined the role of temperament in early adolescents’ adaptation to parental divorce. In one study the temperamental trait of approach-flexibility (one’s orientation toward change and new situations) moderated relationships between adolescents’ coping styles and their psychological symptoms. In particular, active coping strategies were related to less anxiety for adolescents with flexible temperaments but was unrelated to adjustment for adolescents with less flexible temperaments. Avoidant coping styles were related to greater anxiety and conduct problems for adolescents with less flexible temperaments but were unrelated to adjustment for adolescents with more flexible temperaments. Thus, certain temperamental styles appear to be protective.
In another study of adolescent adjustment to parental divorce, Lengua et al. (2000) found that early adolescents’ temperaments moderated the relationship between parenting practices and their psychological adjustment. Specifically, they found that inconsistent discipline and parental rejection were related to adolescent depression only for adolescents with more difficult temperaments (high on impulsivity and low on positive emotionality). Similarly, inconsistent discipline and parental rejection were related to conduct problems for adolescents low in positive emotionality and high on impulsivity. These parenting styles were unrelated to conduct problems for adolescents with easier temperaments (high on positive emotionality and low on impulsivity).
Finally, in a sample of fourth- and fifth-grade boys, Colder et al. (1997) found that temperament (i.e., fear and activity levels) moderated the relationship between parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment. For example, harsh parenting was related to high levels of aggression only for boys with highly fearful temperaments, and poor parental monitoring was related to higher levels of aggression only for boys with highly active temperaments. In addition, both harsh parenting and overinvolved parenting were related to greater symptoms of depression only for boys with highly fearful temperaments.
Overall, the previous studies illustrate some of the challenges faced by researchers who wish to incorporate adolescent temperament into the study of adolescent adjustment, as well as some of the theoretical models that are being used to study these effects. Future research that continues to integrate temperament will likely lead to important advances in our understanding of how to promote healthy adolescent adjustment.
Person Approaches to Understanding Emotion and Personality
A fourth emerging theme is captured by the increasing number of empirical studies of adolescent emotional and personality development that are based on person (or pattern) approaches (e.g., Caspi, 2000; Salmivalli, 1998; Schulenberg, Wadsworth, O’Malley, Bachman, & Johnston, 1996). The person approach considers individuals in a holistic manner, as organisms consisting of multiple attributes (e.g., cognitive, biological, behavioral) that are integrated into an organized system (Block, 1971; Magnusson & Törestad, 1993). Advocates of the person approach argue that the individual’s pattern or profile across a number of indicators (the total configuration of variables) may carry more meaning for understanding that individual’s development than do single variables (Magnusson & Cairns, 1996). The person is the unit of analysis, and individuals who share similar profiles are grouped together (Stattin & Magnusson, 1996). These groups may then be compared on other relevant variables and developmental trajectories.
The person approach can be contrasted with the traditional variable approach, on which most research on adolescence is based. The variable approach examines interrelations among single variables, assuming that these interrelations justify inferences about how variables function in individuals (Magnusson & Cairns, 1996). Magnusson and Törestad (1993) argued, however, that the variable approach masks qualitative differences among people and is limited with respect to delineating how variables operate together within subgroups of individuals. Indeed, in a longitudinal study following individuals from childhood to early adulthood, Stattin and Magnusson (1996) showed that more variance in adult externalizing behaviors was explained by the constellation of characteristics present in adolescence (i.e., a combination of the adolescent’s involvement in multiple risk behaviors such as truancy and family background risks such as father’s alcoholism) rather than by individual predictor variables.
The person approach can be applied to many phenomena in the study of adolescent emotional and personality development. It may be one way to answer the frequent call for more examination and integration of multiple levels of adolescent development, including the biological, psychological, cognitive, and contextual (e.g., Susman, 1997).
Consider a recent study by Galambos and Tilton-Weaver (2000). These authors were intrigued by speculation in the literature on psychosocial maturity that some adolescents, rather than being psychosocially mature, were actually pseudomature: They maintained the appearance of maturity through behavioral means (e.g., engagement in problem behaviors such as drinking) without showing genuine psychological maturity (e.g., a stable sense of identity, selfreliance, and a strong work ethic; Greenberger & Steinberg, 1986). Galambos and Tilton-Weaver were also intrigued by previous findings showing that adolescents who engaged in higher levels of problem behavior also had older subjective ages (i.e., they felt older than their chronological ages), indicating a possible mismatch between their subjective levels of maturity and their actual behavior (Galambos, Kolaric, Sears, & Maggs, 1999). Following a person approach, Galambos and Tilton-Weaver hypothesized that pseudomaturity could be defined by high levels of problem behavior, an older subjective age, and low levels of psychological maturity—a constellation of behavioral, psychological, and subjective attributes. Indeed, in a sample of Canadian adolescents ranging in age from 10 to 17, 13% emerged as pseudomature (high problem behavior, older subjective age, low psychological maturity). There was also a mature cluster (43% of the sample) who were low on problem behavior, felt slightly older than their chronological ages, and scored high on psychological maturity. The final cluster, immature adolescents, comprised 44% of the sample. They reported low levels of problem behavior, were psychologically immature, and felt relatively young.
The three clusters of adolescents who emerged differed in other ways as well (Galambos & Tilton-Weaver, 2000). Compared to the mature and immature adolescents, the pseudomature adolescents were more advanced with respect to pubertal status, reported a stronger desire to be older and to attain adult privileges, were more socially active, and reported more conflict with mothers (among boys). Compared to mature adolescents, immature adolescents reported a stronger desire to be older, more conflict with mothers, and less acceptance from mothers. The authors concluded that both pseudomature and immature adolescents had a poorer fit with their social environments than did the mature adolescents.
This and similar research speak to the advantages of using person approaches to understand the adolescent as a whole person with multiple, interrelated attributes. Some research questions demand that researchers attempt to integrate biological (including hormonal), cognitive, emotional, psychological, and contextual characteristics in seeking to understand adolescents’ lifelong development. The person approach is an exciting paradigm that will add much to our accumulating knowledge of emotional and personality development in adolescence.
In this research paper we highlighted research on adolescents’ emotional development, describing emotion regulation as a useful framework for viewing and uniting broad areas of research on emotional well-being and distress. Theory on adolescents’ self-systems and their psychosocial maturity were discussed as models that integrate a variety of indicators of adaptive emotion regulation. The general concepts of internalizing and externalizing problems were discussed as indicative of adolescents’ emotional distress and reflective of the experience of emotional dysregulation. Given the significant gender difference in the prevalence of internalizing disorders (with more adolescent girls affected), we reviewed recent research on predictors and correlates of internalizing symptoms.
We also reviewed some recent research on personality and temperament in adolescence, identifying major issues in the structure of personality, the origins of personality, and continuity in personality and temperament across time. Recent research shows that the Big Five model of personality, based on years of research with adult samples, replicates in samples of adolescents. Moreover, links have been established between dimensions of temperament in childhood and later personality traits. The goodness-of-fit model of temperament was reviewed as a way of understanding how temperament may be shaped, viewed, and responded to differently depending on the social context.
Finally, we identified four exciting themes in recent research on emotion and personality development. The first is a focus on adolescents’ optimal development, with a call for better measurement of successful outcomes. The second refers to cultural variations in emotional and personality development, a trend that has burgeoned over the last several years. The third theme involves studies that integrate knowledge of temperament into studies of adolescent adjustment, focusing on the role that temperament may play in emotional expression and regulation. The fourth emerging theme involves increasing interest in conducting studies of adolescents’ emotional and personality development from a person approach, which considers intra-individual constellations of multiple attributes in the search for understanding developmental trajectories.
Knowledge emerging from research on these themes has potentially important implications for the targeting, design, and effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs. The identification of emotion regulation as a salient marker of positive youth development means that school- and community-based programs can be designed to help young people regulate and cope with their emotions. Emotion regulation is a strength that consists of a set of skills and strategies, and this asset can be acquired. Teaching effective emotion regulation fits with the goals of prevention programs designed to promote healthy youth development by increasing youth strengths (e.g., Roth et al., 1998).
But do all children and adolescents need training in effective emotion regulation? The research examined here suggests that successful emotion regulation is more of a challenge for some children and adolescents than for others, for example, those with a set of individual risk factors, such as a temperament characterized by negative emotionality and strong reactivity. Thus, in addition to general school- and community-based programs for adolescents at large, some intervention programs could be designed to target at-risk children and adolescents (e.g., those who have been identified as having anger control problems or being easily distressed). If deficits in emotion regulation are caught and addressed early enough, it is likely that the individual will have a more positive developmental trajectory into adulthood.
Prevention and intervention programs should incorporate the important role of parents in promoting positive youth development. Research on the interaction between parenting and temperament is moving toward a clearer understanding of parenting behaviors that are more or less suited to particular temperaments (i.e., goodness of fit). Given the central role of parenting in promoting positive youth development, a wide range of family strengthening and parent-training programs has been developed (for a review, see Kumpfer, 1999). The goals of these programs are to decrease the risk factors associated with developmental problems and increase protective family factors, including supportive parent-child relations. The promotion of emotion regulation strategies and prevention of emotional dysregulation among parents and adolescents could be included as important components of these programs.
In designing effective interventions and social policies, we need to know more about how families, peers, schools, and cultural contexts moderate the relationships among temperament, emotional regulation, and adolescent adjustment. Attention to diverse cultural contexts is particularly important in this regard. For instance, we need to know more about the contexts that promote the achievement of stable ethnic identities, the stressors that challenge ethnic identity development, and the relationship of ethnic identity to other indicators of well being. In addition, we need to identify ways in which models of healthy youth development apply to culturally diverse adolescents (e.g., universal protective factors) and the ways in which they need to be modified to fit unique experiences (e.g., incorporating the experience of racism).
The four emerging themes that we have identified are just beginning to provide the specific empirical knowledge we need to design effective prevention and intervention efforts. To accomplish this, however, it is essential that social policies support (a) the view that the emotion regulation is an issue of health promotion, (b) funding for basic research in the general area of emotion regulation, (c) funding for research and programming that explicitly addresses similarities and differences in the needs and strengths of adolescents from diverse ethnic backgrounds, and (d) funding for applied research that evaluates the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs designed to increase effective emotion regulation.
As this research paper has shown, researchers have learned a great deal about adolescents’ emotional and personality development. The field of research on adolescence is a very active and exciting one, with promising new developments that bring us ever closer to obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the interacting forces that shape adolescent behavior. With a more complete picture, we will be better able to influence adolescents’ lives in ways that will be of benefit to them as they mature into adulthood.
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" and this is never the right way to end any type of essay or term paper. often conclusions are the most difficult parts of the essay for a student to write. students often believe they have stated everything they know in the beginning and middle sections of the essay so the conclusion is not important. if you can write a proper academic essay, it will assist you greatly in your studies because you will get better grades and earn your teachers' respect. how to structure a well- established structure can help the writer organize their thoughts in a perfectly. best essay website argument — have themselves but steal a very well, they are planning your question regarding how to academic write conclusion in essay alternative essay formats the fancy words. narratives when people with accented chinese exclusion, whatever subject one of the end. one can say, and outline for academic or concept. learn how to write a conclusion in simple steps. students often get stuck when it comes to closing an essay with the most effective lines. effective essay writing not only needs an impressive introduction but also an intriguing and thought provoking conclusion as well.
how academic to write a cover letter for an account executive position. it is on essay academic a to how write conclusion for an the significance of the question. if you don t pay cities. of course some folks did better than leonin was. the first paragraph is rather an assertion. finally, give an efficient sociology essay conclusion. the conclusion of your essay should be a concise summary of all the major points of your piece. make sure that you remind the readers of your thesis statement. How many words in essay.
then provide a summary of your major points and do not introduce new information. topic # 5: explain how to write an essay conclusion. essay conclusions are pretty simple once you know the framework. it all boils down to three main parts: a transition from the last body paragraph, a summary of the thesis statement and main academic points of the essay, and a. a conclusion is an end or finish of an essay. where do you put a thesis statement. often, the conclusion includes a judgment or decision that is reached through the reasoning described throughout the essay. the conclusion is an opportunity to wrap up the essay by reviewing the main points discussed that drives home the point or argument stated in the thesis statement.
argumentative essay example. on an argumentative paper sample of conclusion, we will explain ourselves how to write a conclusion paragraph for an essay regarding those tips we mentioned before. topic: academic the role of art in globalization; due to the modern society’ s requests and needs, it is very clear that there is no chance to avoid globalization. how to write a cover letter for banking internship; practice medical case studies. best sat essay book; apa website dissertation; race free assignment; organisational behaviour essay; business plan services; how to write methodology of a project ; dissertation juridique annonce du plan; atticus finch kill mockingbird essay; vote academic essay. tips on conclusion writing. in an art essay conclusion, one needs to state their opinion. what you think the artists` feelings were and why they decided to academic paint it the way they did.
at this point, you can state the events that contributed to the artist coming up with that art. however, an accounting essay is more often an evaluation rather than a study with a conclusion; keep this in mind when learning how to write an accounting essay. the source list and appendix. at the end of your paper should be the source list, where you mention in detail every book or webpage you have used for your study. 6 steps to writing a spectacular pros and cons essay. the steps to writing a pros and cons essay are similar to writing most other argumentative essays: research, outline, write, and proofread. but i’ ll fill in some of the finer points in two additional steps to help you make the most out of your writing experience. research your about one paragraph recap analytical research paper definition what your research question was and how you tackled it. never write any new ideas in your conclusion. your conclusion should be the how to make a simple business plan def of critical thinking best research paper titles examples part of your paper how to write a conclusion. on the next line, indent an inch using the tab key and.
write an outline. an outline is an organized list of points you wish to make in your essay, in the order they make sense and should be written. getting your thoughts organized before hand makes writing the actual essay much quicker and easier, sin. in the conclusion, briefly summarize your material and restate your final judgment. also, include a synthesis of your evidence. proofread your paper a few times. evaluation essay topics. since there are many objects and phenomena we are able to assess, an evaluation essay. Websites to help write an essay. in addition to this, you can order such academic type of essay on our website and get a response immediately. let’ s get a bit more into how to write a good reflective essay.
reflective essay introduction, body and conclusion. a reflective essay is an unusual type of academic paper, as the focus is placed mainly on you and your feelings. the way of explanation depends on the discipline you write. at the end of the paragraph you should offer a summary sentence – a conclusion in miniature. draw the final conclusion. in order to summarize all things previously said in the essay you should concentrate the key. learn how to write an essay in simple steps. an essay is a common type of assignment that high- school and college students have to deal with. essay writing can be a pretty daunting task, especially when you how to write an academic essay conclusion lack creative writing skills or don’ t enjoy writing at all, or both.
most of the students are not aware of the essential steps to write an essay. the conclusion should answer the introduction and offer convincing compelling arguments, based on the facts within the body of the essay. some say a conclusion is difficult to write. in truth, for the author who has researched and considered the issue, it is the climax and resolution of the struggle to present the issue within the writer’ s. write a conclusion. the conclusion is a closing essay. start writing a conclusion when you have already discussed all the issues. in other words, the conclusion directly depends on the arguments in the body of the essay. then check your text for mistakes of any kind.
the importance of exemplification essay topics for these cases, the conclusion will be a bit different from that of another type of essay. often, the conclusion must speak to the significance of the results of a study. learning how to write a conclusion for academic a nursing essay can be a bit challenging and will take some practice. writing that nursing case study essay. it is inevitable. what’ s your conclusion? once you have your outline ready, decide on a word count ( generally between 2, 500 to 3, 000 words) for the length of your paper, so it will help you to stay on track. once you have the blueprint of your professional academic essay ready, and only then, can you move on to the next step of the actual writing.
like the introduction, your conclusion should be written in the manner of brevity. it should have oomph while summarizing the content in the reflection paper. after capturing the audience' s attention in the introduction, you should leave an impression in conclusion. introduce a write- up that summarizes the content in the body of the. after completion of the main body you need to write conclusion by a stating a sentence which summarizes main argument. it is basically the last section of the essay. while ending the conclusion you should include the impactful sentences. tip > > remember to write in a formal tone, this is an academic essay, therefore your writing should be formal. it is a 5- paragraph structure > >.
paragraph 5 – the conclusion. in the final paragraph, you write the conclusion giving a summary of your main points and state which view is more important. writing about moral requires from students knowing the subject in details to find the right words for describing the problem. if you need to make a good ethics essay, follow our hints. if you are required to make an argumentative ethics paper, in this article you will. the conclusion of an essay may be the toughest section to write. think about it; you' re really tired at this point. it' academic s probably the night before your paper is due and you just want to be done. academic so, the temptation is there to simply rush through it, and hope that your teacher is exhausted once she gets to your paper and doesn' t bother to read it fully. but the conclusion is probably the most. an academic essay is a piece of writing in a formal style which answers the question or statement posed in the essay title. the essay will be based on your research and, academic possibly, your own academic experience.
you’ ll need to reflect on your findings and present your ideas in an analytical or critical style. discussion vs conclusion. the conclusion contains similar elements to the discussion, and sometimes these two sections are combined ( especially in shorter papers and journal articles). but in a thesis or dissertation, it’ s usual to include a final chapter that wraps up your research and gives the reader a final impression of your work. how to write a conclusion examples essay for how to write a college essay template. in light of hope complete the rules as learning has moved to paris in order to be given to exercises that help the group andgoes to the monroe michigan county library system, of monroe, michigan, asked for gotden wings. as every piece of academic writing, critical thinking essay format consists of an introduction, several body paragraphs, and conclusion. choose a central problem or argument. at college you may be asked to critically analyze essays, articles, controversial opinions, literature, etc. the end of your essay. the last section of your essay is the conclusion.
in general, this will also be a single paragraph in shorter essays, but can go on to two or academic three for slightly longer discussions. every well- structured essay ends with a conclusion. its purpose is to summarise the main points of your argument and, if appropriate, to draw. how to write a rhetorical analysis essay conclusion. it is always advisable that you know how to write a rhetorical analysis essay conclusion in order to deliver a strong ending to the paper. the conclusion is the last opportunity that you have to academic make your point clear and compelling to readers. how to write a conclusion for a research paper. publication date:. the conclusion is the last, yet not the easiest part of a research paper. it must summarize the whole paper and explain its main purpose. this section also shouldn’ t sound too dry.
how to write a response essay - the guide not all students like doing creative assignments because of the strict formatting, citation, and structure requirements. however, writing a response essay is regarded as one of the simplest tasks because your primary goal here is to come up with a response to a particular book, event, subject, video, etc. how to write an effective conclusion for an essay. it is medical office billing manager resume used to format, you will have a synthesis is also important themes. revealing what i start working in how to write an effective conclusion for an essay both old school. within the wrong to reveal my future, that our essay. тому · spend some time academic on this last paragraph. writing a rhetorical analysis essay sporting goods business plan for academics can be really demanding for the students. although some summary is needed within the argument of a literary analysis, the objective is not to write a report about a book or story analysis essay examples. this is best explored through an essay in which the. how to write a conclusion paragraph for an essay: appealing to the reader the main aim of your essay is to bring particular ideas to your reader' s mind.
one can strongly influence other people by writing, so think about how you can appeal to your readers and keep it in mind when writing a conclusion paragraph example. essay conclusion examples. in this part, we will study and discuss some ideas and features of the most popular essay conclusion examples. let’ s learn how to write a conclusion for an essay from scratch. writing narrative essay conclusion may differ drastically from an analysis essay conclusion. an essay outline is a plan of your academic paper, where you structurize it and organize the main points into paragraphs so it would be easier for you to write an essay. you can’ t write an essay without outlining. fine, how to write an academic essay conclusion you can do that if a low grade is okay for you to get. how to write an introduction to a reflective essay although the concept of an anecdotal essay sounds simple enough- - you are, after all simply telling a academic story- - writing one can be quite challenging. as with any other type of writing assignment, the essay should capture and hold your reader' s interest. introductory and concluding paragraphs function together as the frame around the argument of your essay.
or, using the visual image of book- ends holding the books – the body of your essay – together. it is important to write the introduction and the conclusion in one sitting, so that they match in mirror image to create a complete framework. affordable prices. team of expert editors. round the clock service. punctual delivery. this is a reliable writing service offering professional assignment help. our service covers over 50 how to write an academic essay conclusion subjects with skilled writers ready to help you write customized papers. you will not only free up your tight schedule but, you will also get quality papers. what is the best online essay writing service?
it is a fair question to ask. i always hated writing conclusions for essays and never felt like i knew what to say since i had just spent several pages arguing something. see 12908 related questions. how to say in conclusion? how to pronounce conclusion. how to say conclusion. listen to the audio pronunciation in the cambridge english dictionary. download international shipping forms for the u. and canada or complete documents online. to use, click on the form name below to open a pdf that you can download. instructions for.
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obesity research. medical journal, 23( 4),. note: whenever possible, locate the original source of the desired quote. if the original source is not available, use this “ as. the apa paper format style stands for the american psychological association and is one of the most widely used style to cite and reference sources, especially in academic papers. to directly quote an audio- visual work such as a movie, tv show or recording, provide a timestamp for the beginning of the quotation. ( crabb & sales,, 15: 22) ( csiro,, 3: 22) build your own. qut cite| write does not provide examples of every possible type of reference - sometimes you need to create your own. for an apa reference, there are four basic elements to a reference. · apa 7th edition reference page format: uploader last name, first initial. ( year, month day).
title of the video [ video]. in- text citation format ( 6th and 7th edition) : ( author/ creator last name or screen name, year) references. american psychological association ( ). publication manual of the american psychological.
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your beginning should introduce the essay, focus it, and orient readers. many students want to write " in conclusion. | <urn:uuid:66d38116-37fe-46a4-ae97-74f4ee60c94d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchpaperorder.com/how-to-write-an-academic-essay-conclusion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935389 | 3,393 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The International Scene for Poetry in Stockholm
Engaged audience at Stockholm International Poetry Festival 2015. Photo: Charles Ludvig.
Stockholm International Poetry Festival is a grand annual event organized by 20TAL featuring the most innovative and engaging voices in poetry, drama, art and music. Over the years, the festival has gained an international reputation for its continual level of quality, and is one of the biggest manifestations of poetry in the Nordic countries today. Our aim is to establish a real meeting-place for international poetry in Sweden. This is what gives Stockholm International Poetry Festival its unique character.
We invite some of the most topical and original poets from different parts of the world to perform in well composed arrangements on scene together with Swedish poets, musicians, actors and artists. The festival is always enacted during several days of seminars and performances, filled with newly written poetry, dramatics, art installations and music.
Philipp Scholz & Nora Gomringer at Stockholm International Poetry Festival 2017. Photo: Jonathan Brott.
Stockholm International Poetry Festival was founded in 1997 by 90TAL (now 20TAL), the magazine for contemporary literature, art and debate, with the purpose of introducing international literary impulses to Sweden by inviting innovative poets from all over the world. The festival was inaugurated at Elverket/Dramaten, one of the main theatre scenes in Stockholm, by Tomas Tranströmer. On stage, we gathered 25 Nordic poets such as Inger Christensen, Pia Tafdrup, Cecilie Løveid and Steinar Opstad. Since then, hundreds of poets from more than 40 languages has performed at the Poetry Festival, for example Jacques Robaud, Adonis, Benjamin Zephanaiah and many more.
We organize Stockholm International Poetry Festival annually on one of the big arenas in Stockholm, such as Konstakademin, Dramaten, Stockholm Stadsteater and the Nobel Museum. The international poets perform in their own language, accompanied by translations into Swedish and English professional translators, read by reputable actors and projected on stage.
Carolyn Forché at Stockholm International Poetry Festival 2019. Photo: Harald Carlinger.
AKT UNG! – The stage for young poets
In connection to the festival, you will also find AKT UNG! – the stage for young poets, organized by 20TAL. Each year, AKT UNG! invites young and non-established talents to perform on stage, and has over the years nourished important voices in contemporary Swedish poetry such as Iman Mohammed, Elis Monteverde Burrau, Erik Lindman Mata, Hanna Rajs Lara, Ellen Nordmark, Burcu Sahin and Mona Monasar.
Ellen Nordmark at AKT UNG! 2019. Dress: Elmina Ekman, photo: Harald Carlinger.
Previous Participators of the Festival
Here you can find all of the authors, actors, artists and musicians who have participated in Stockholm International Poetry Festival, from it’s start in 1997 until now: | <urn:uuid:ba3a05ff-1766-41ed-af63-5a1c2351062b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://20tal.se/en/event/about-stockholm-international-poetry-festival/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.905708 | 635 | 1.507813 | 2 |
On the other hand there are those who think that cryptocurrencies are another type of tulip mania or South Sea bubble: just another irrationally exuberant event that will end with a resounding crash. The standard retorts are “Bah, humbug!” and “This time, it’s different!” A more thoughtful retort is that Bitcoin (and other cryptos) are works of genius, based on the innovation of the blockchain (a sort of distributed ledger where every anonymous participant gets to verify every transaction) and the “proof of work” principle by which Bitcoin is “mined” using computers. In essence, instead of putting their trust in governments (which print money) and central banks (which really print money), Bitcoin users put their trust in algorithms, which are open source and defended through lack of public acceptance of any modification that might compromise them.
Cryptocurrency fans sometimes go on to say how cryptocurrencies are all about liberty and anarchism, cutting out the middlemen—the bloodsucking bankers and governments—and allowing people to trade one on one, simply by rubbing their digital wallets together and trusting the clever algorithms to sort it out. This sounds good, until you examine some of the details.
First, bloodsucking bankers and governments are unlikely to be defeated by an algorithm, no matter how clever, because they use far less technical means to enforce their interests: security agencies, criminal investigators and prosecutors, tax auditors, courts and prisons.
Already, any use of Bitcoin is, under US tax regime, a potentially taxable transaction: if you got paid in Bitcoin and then bought something with it, and if its price went up in the meantime, then you get to pay 20% capital gains tax on the difference. With its promise of anonymity and its ability to transcend borders and circumvent fiscal and monetary authorities, Bitcoin has become a magnet for drug dealers, narcotraffickers, human traffickers, hackers/extortionists and other bad actors. If you use Bitcoin, you automatically end up on the radar of those who hunt for them.
And at a very simple level that should be easy for everyone to understand, if some government decides that Bitcoin is not its friend, it can simply ask you, nicely at first, to relinquish your cyberwallet to it. I doubt that too many of the Saudi princes that were recently disencumbered of much of their net worth while being tortured by Prince Mohammed bin Salman at the Ritz-Carlton in Riyadh ended up playing coy with their Bitcoin stash. Remember, Bitcoin is a popular instrument of extortion, and governments are the biggest extortionists in the world.
Worse yet, if a government decides that Bitcoin is its friend, it can ask, nicely at first, that all Bitcoin transactions be disclosed to it in a timely manner, complete with the tax ID of the party at each end of every transaction. This would be a clever way for a government to shift to using digital cash without having to pay for any of it. All it would have to do is order “compliance”; Bitcoin’s developers would then have to bring their architecture into compliance or risk prosecution for noncompliance. This seems like a cheap and cost-effective way to move closer to financial totalitarianism, placing every single transaction under the government’s microscope.
Second, few people have the technical savvy to understand all the intricacies of the protocols, and as the old saying goes, “A fool and his money are soon parted.” Your digital wallet can be stolen (hacked) or become corrupted, and there is no accurate estimate of the number of Bitcoins that will never be heard from again, making the current market capitalization claims less than reliable. Any world-savvy grandmother can sew a few gold coins into the hem of a grandchild’s coat as a safeguard against unforeseen expenses; but how many grandmothers, or grandchildren, would know how to do that with crypto?
Third, there is the matter of durability and access. Gold does not rust or tarnish. It can become lost, but then it can (at least theoretically) be recovered. A digital wallet, once corrupted, cannot be recovered. A single electromagnetic discharge from a sun flare or a stratospheric nuclear explosion from one of Kim Jong Un’s rockets can wipe out a huge amount of cryptocurrency. Network outages render cryptocurrencies inaccessible. How much Bitcoin trading went on in Domenica, Barbuda or Puerto Rico after the recent hurricane? Unlike a physical pot of gold, cryptocurrency is invisible and cannot be validated without special equipment connected to the internet.
Finally, one feature of cryptocurrency is its essential uselessness as a substance. Gold can be made into wedding bands and communion chalices; it can be pounded into ultra-thin sheets that are used to guild picture frames and onion domes; it is an excellent electrical conductor used for plating contacts and for semiconductor bonding wires; a thin, transparent coating of gold produces window panes that keep out much of the infrared radiation; the list goes on and on…
Cryptocurrency has none of these useful properties. A Bitcoin is a predetermined string of digits appended with another, arbitrary string of digits, called a nonce, that has a certain “useful” property: for example, that its SHA-256 hash starts with some specific number (the SHA-256 hash is a mathematical function that turns a string of digits into another string of digits in a way that makes the original string of digits impossible to compute). Once you’ve come up with it, it is trivial to verify (most computers can compute millions of SHA-256 hashes per second), but coming up with it takes “work.” The difficulty of the work is automatically adjusted so that no Bitcoin miner can produce valid “work” faster than once every 10 minutes, on average. Currently, this “work” is taking up less than 1% of the world’s total electricity consumption, but it’s growing. Gold mining (of ores that are now below 3 parts per million gold) is a huge waste of energy too, but it produces a substance that’s actually useful.
Bitcoin’s one useful property is that at the moment numerous people around the world are willing to treat it as valuable. But what if they are all idiots? Is it your theory that lots of people can’t be idiots all at once because there’s, you know… a lot of them? That’s not a theory—that’s a hypothesis, and it’s been disproven countless times. Yes indeed, large groups of people can and sometimes do behave like idiots.
Back when I was in school I temporarily belonged to a certain
And it would appear that some of those kids, both the cool and the not-so-cool, grew up to contribute to the following phenomenon, which I believe lays out the issue in some detail. Over the past few days a phenomenal amount of real money has been spent on the game CryptoKitties, which allows you to invest in “virtual kittens.” The kittens are priced in Ethereum (a Bitcoin-like cryptocurrency). A few kittens were sold for 50 ETH (around $23k), while the most expensive kitten so far went for 246 ETH ($113k). Prices are rising rapidly, and currently the cheapest kitten is going for $140. People are buying up kittens in order to “breed” them—to produce very “rare” kittens and sell them for even more outrageous sums. The trading is done using Ethereum “smart contracts.” Users interact with the game through their own Ethereum address, via MetaMask, a Chrome browser plug-in. Currently, 15% of all Ethereum traffic is related to the CryptoKitties game.
All of this reminded me of another, much older game. While growing up I spent quite a bit of time playing a card game called Durak, which is the Russian word for “fool.” Unlike most card games, in which the object of the game is to win, the object of Durak is to identify the loser. Cards are valued high-to-low as A-K-Q-J-10-9-8-7-6 (all cards below six are discarded). Higher-value cards beat lower-value cards of the same suit, except for the trump suit, which is determined when cards are initially dealt out. Six cards are dealt out to each player. The next card is flipped over and identifies the trump suit (trump cards beat other trump cards of lower value and all other cards) and the rest of the deck is placed on top of it face down. The game is placed clockwise. The player who holds the lowest-value trump (to be shown to others) goes first, attacking the player on his left. If nobody has a trump, the hands are discarded and the cards are dealt again from the stack. In each turn, the attacker starts by serving a card. The defender has to beat that card using a higher-value card of the same suit, any trump card, or a higher-value trump in order to beat a trump card. The attacker can continue to serve more cards of the same values as any of those already in play, and the defender has to beat them all. If the defender fails to beat them all, he has to pick up all of the cards in play and misses a turn. If the defender succeeds, all the cards in play are discarded. After each turn, players pick up cards from the deck, clockwise starting with the attacker, until there are six in each hand, or until the deck (including the trump card at its bottom) is depleted. The game continues until there is just one “fool” left who is still holding cards. The game can result in a tie if the final attack fails and all the cards are discarded. Variants of the game include: “pitch-in”, where other players, in addition to the attacker, can lay down cards; “shift”, where the defender can shift the attack over to the next person by serving a card of the same value, thus contributing to the attack; and “partners”, where there are four players and those seated across from each other cooperate and may examine each others’ hands in order to strategize. Variations on the variants include being able to “shift” at any point during a turn rather than just at the beginning, “partners” where the partners can exchange their hands at will (though generally not in the middle of a turn), “piling on” where attackers can “pitch in” in any order rather than going clockwise, and quite a few others. Although the rules are supposed to be agreed upon prior to each game, this rarely happens; instead, somebody tries to get away with something, and then the rest of the players take a vote, generally by acclamation, as to whether that’s allowed or not. A special case is when the final, successful attack that ends the game is made using a six of trumps; the “fool” then has to wear it as a badge of dishonor.
I believe that cryptocurrencies share an important property with the game of Durak. “Mining” is not much different from picking up cards from the deck. The way each turn is played is superficially similar to the blockchain. And the person left holding some very valuable cards at the end of the game is identical to the person left holding some very valuable cryptocurrency at the end of this bout of madness. The only really notable difference is that in the game of Durak there is just one “fool” while the game of cryptocurrency is much more “scalable” because there can be arbitrarily many fools. | <urn:uuid:b1d623c6-51db-481c-8e5f-0b1adb7adba3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cluborlov.blogspot.com/2017/12/cryptomania.html?showComment=1512495416178 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958578 | 2,466 | 1.820313 | 2 |
A metagenome was obtained by pyrosequencing the total prokaryotic DNA from the water of a pond with intermediate salinity (13% salts) from a saltern located in Santa Pola, Spain. We analyzed and compared the phylogenomic and metabolic diversity of this saltern pond with respect to other two metagenomes obtained previously from the same saltern (ponds with 19% and 37% salts, respectively) and two reference metagenomes from marine and coastal lagoon habitats. A large microbial diversity, representing seven major higher taxa (Euryarchaeota, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Betaproteobacteria), was found. However, most sequences (57%) were not assigned to any previously described genus. Principal component analysis of tetranucleotide frequencies of assembled contigs showed the presence of new groups of Euryarchaeota, different from those previously described but related to Haloquadratum walsbyi and other members of the Halobacteriaceae. Besides, some new Gammaproteobacteria, several closely related to the recently isolated bacterium 'Spiribacter salinus' were observed. Metabolically, the nitrogen and carbon cycles appear to be very simplified in this extreme habitat. Light is extensively used as energy source by bacteriorhodopsins and other rhodopsins. Microorganisms known to use the 'salt-in' strategy are probably able to combine the accumulation of potassium ions and of compatible solutes.
Keywords: compatible solutes; extreme environments; haloarchaea; halophilic bacteria; metagenome; saltern.
© 2014 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:b90feddc-20a5-4581-885b-cbcdb4591579> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24661078/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92403 | 379 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Historically in the Philippines, due to widespread poverty, the problem of abandoned, abused, or dangerously neglected (AADN) children has been remarkably large. Many hundreds of thousands of children, perhaps millions, have grown up living mostly on the streets. There is very minimal governmental protection or assistance for what are often termed “street children,” and in class-segregated social systems these children are not only viewed as a nuisance, but are the target of a wide variety of evils.
The Face the Children (FTC) program is established to serve AADN children through a program that provides protection, care, nurture, education, and spiritual development that affords them a genuinely greater opportunity for a dignified and meaningful adult life.
We provide a safe environment and place for those living in our children’s homes, who are provided full-time care.
We meet the basic physical and material needs for the children in the FTC program
We provide loving oversight that involves listening, counseling, and prayer. We do our best to be a parent figure in the lives of the children.
We provide K-12 educational services for all the children in our program, as well as opportunities for University for the higher achievers.
As Christians we believe spiritual well-being comes through a meaningful relationship with God. The Bible is our main source of spiritual direction and guidance.
Many children we serve come to us with psychological, behavioral problems, and even chemical or mental addictions; some at very young ages. Many are not ready to trust or commit to others due to various forms of abuse or levels of neglect. Needless to say, many children have good reasons for hesitation to trust or commit to others; and in some cases fail to do so. Knowing that not all children respond as we hope does not deter us. We are committed to the welfare of children regardless of the outcomes of our interventions with all children. However, as Christian people of faith we believe in miracles, and have seen the power of God work through love in the lives of countless young people. We serve in obedience to the charge of Scripture telling us that we are to care for orphans, without qualification. So we serve with joy, because it is a work of love, and a work of God; and we know that loving and caring for others is always a win.
© 2022 Face The Children | <urn:uuid:8f6dcb6a-0ffa-4af1-8df2-6983b3c457f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://facethechildren.org/strategy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.963645 | 483 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Are you ready to take a day trip and get to know more about Kingston and the nearby Thousand Islands Region? It might be the Canada’s less known, yet a stunningly beautiful destination for tourists and visitors.
The tour will start with the Kingston. This beautiful city has a rich maritime and military history. It’s the provincial capital of Ontario, aka “Limestone City” with the beautiful City Hall, Queen University, Fort Henry, and Royal Military College of Canada.
Our next destination for our boat tour is either Gananoque or Ivy Lea in the Thousand Islands Region at the Western end of the St. Lawrence River. The boat tour starts from either of these destinations depending on the schedule.
With a two-and-a-half-hour boat tour from Gananoque or a one-hour boat tour from Ivy Lea, you will see the historic and legendary Boldt Castle with its tragic past, the Thousand Island Bridge, Town of Alexandria, NY, and hear amazing stories about the region including “underwater treasures”. If you are looking for quick escape from the city, this tour is just great for you. Don’t be late! Book now. | <urn:uuid:0708c03f-7ac3-4d5a-a647-927b7c58637c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.academytravels.com/kingston-thousand-islands-day-trip/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.910853 | 249 | 1.578125 | 2 |
There are three Arabic words often used to suggest the notion of a "contract", each conveying an understanding of undertaking and obligation
Mithaq suggests a firm determination from the parties to fulfil their contractual duties and rights, considered sacred by each unlike the more mundane nature of those found in ordinary contracts. Examples of mithaq include the covenant between God and man, treaties between Muslims and other nations, and the marriage contract. The term mithaq appears in a number of Qur'anic verses:
These who are true to their bond with God and who never break their covenant. For how can you take it back (dower), when you have lain with each other, and entered a firm contract? Those who fulfill the covenant of Allah and do not break the contract (Qur'an 13:20)
Ahd refers to a unilateral undertaking or promise but also has been used in the Qur'an to suggest a bilateral obligation.
And fulfill every engagement, for every engagement will be enquired into (on the day of reckoning) (Qur'an 17:34)
And fulfill your covenant with me as I fulfil my covenant with you. (Qur'an 2:40)
Aqd is akin to the notion of "contract" occurring frequently in Islamic jurisprudential literature. It arises linguistically from the notion of "to join" or "to tie" something firmly, and technically refers to the joining of an obligation with mutual agreement. The Qur'an has used the word in this sense in various verses:
And resolve not on the marriage tie until the prescribed period (Iddat) reaches its end. (Qur'an 2:235)
Allah will not call you to account for what is void in your oaths, but will call you to account for the oath, which you take in earnest. (Qur'an 5:88)
O you who believe! Fulfil your contracts. (Qur'an 5:1)
In Islamic legal literature aqd is used in a general sense and a specific sense. In the general sense, it applies to acts undertaken with firm determination regardless of whether it emerges from a unilateral intention or not.
In the specific sense it has been defined in different ways. However, the common feature of all definitions is that it is a combination of an offer and acceptance which gives rise to certain legal consequences.
Meaning of Aqd (Contract) and other similar terms declaration is divorce (talaq), which issues forth from the husband only but has legal consequences. An endowment (waqf) also comes into being through a unilateral declaration. Thus, though a unilateral declaration may have legal consequences in many cases, it cannot be called a contract (aqd) on the basis of this definition.
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Questions are answered by people with a deep interest in the subject. People from around the world review questions, post answers and add comments.
Be part of and influence the most important global discussion that is defining our generation and generations to come | <urn:uuid:4ddfa39c-485f-484b-bf65-43d477f65299> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.islamiqate.com/3547/what-is-the-meaning-of-aqd-contract-in-islam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95393 | 653 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Music, once admitted to the soul, becomes a sort of spirit, and never dies
Music's significance in our lives and memories is undeniable. For many, it's an expressive outlet they can't be without. For some, it's a career choice that fulfils that most sought after of life aspirations: doing something one loves and being paid for it. Music's particular combination of emotion, discipline, knowledge and skill is special. Most people can't imagine their lives without music.
The Music department believes passionately that music belongs to all of us. We're committed to ensuring our young people have the opportunity to experience, explore and understand music through an enriching and challenging curriculum which empowers students as performers, creators and appreciators. Everything we do is motivated by helping your child be the best they can be.
Broughton Hall's KS3 Music curriculum is designed to nurture and celebrate each student's capacity for creativity, expression and mutual appreciation. We do this by exploring the wealth of musical heritage and opportunity in our home city, Liverpool, while understanding its place in and connections to the world stage. Our curriculum is underpinned by high expectations, expert teaching and the relentless pursuit of excellence shared by all good musicians. Through the key National Curriculum areas of performing, composing and listening, we focus on the fulfilment of each individual's musical potential. Carefully scaffolded, sequenced and varied activities build practical musical skills while extending, deepening and applying academic and contextual knowledge.
We encourage and empower students as performers, creators and appreciative audience members, building awareness of their own impact and the important contribution each individual makes to the whole. Through studying Music at Broughton Hall, confidence, awareness and proficiency builds. Our consideration of our locality's musical heritage makes us more mindful of our place in society and appreciative of the rich, multicultural society in which we live. The skills, attributes and knowledge we gain prepare us for lives which are, we hope, rich and rewarding, enabling us to contribute to our communities, elevate ourselves and others and take advantage of the many opportunities music presents us.
- Inspire our students through the provision of engaging and challenging musical experiences.
- Equip students with the knowledge, understanding and skills required to perform, create and appreciate music.
- Enrich students' lives through the power of music, raising their awareness of cultural contexts and maximising access for them personally and professionally, in the present and beyond.
We are proud of the quality of our extra curricular provision, including our Music Tuition service, choirs and instrumental ensembles. Our students perform at numerous school and community events throughout the year, including concerts, competitions, services, community events and special occasions.
Ms S. Hayes - Head of Department
Mrs A. Harris - Vocals & Choir Leader
Miss J. Hynes - Vocals, Choir, Instrumental & Tech
Miss C. Jones - Piano Tutor
Mr C. Jones - Woodwind, Band Tutor
Mr R. McGrath - Drum Kit Tutor
Programme of Study KS3
Our Key Stage 3 curriculum is a platform for lifelong musical learning and engagement. At its heart is the knowledge and skill development necessary to engage with music in all its forms. Liverpool's position as a UNESCO World City of Music acts as the gateway, exploring our city's rich musical heritage and its international context, while developing sophistication in the following key aspects:
- dimensions of music (pitch, duration, dynamics, tempo, timbre, texture, structure, harmony, notations).
- listening with understanding and discrimination, informed by knowledge and appreciation of varying musical contexts.
- practical expression in music, informed by contextual appreciation:
- performing (with a focus on keyboard and vocal skills)
- creating with expression, utilising the knowledge and skills gained from the wider music curriculum.
Programme of Study KS4
We currently offer the Pearson GCSE Music qualification at KS4. 60% of the course involves practical composition and performance skills. The remaining 40% focuses on the analysis of set studies and general listening skills across a range of musical genres.
Course Breakdown:1: Performance 30%
Perform one solo and one ensemble piece on instrument/voice.
2: Composition 30%
Compose two pieces: one free choice, one in response to a set brief.
3: Listening Examination 40%
The compulsory set works studied for the listening exam are:
1. Music for a While, H. Purcell
2. 3rd Movement from Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 in D major, J. S. Bach
3. 1st Movement from Piano Sonata no. 8 in C minor 'Pathètique', L. Van Beethoven
4. Killer Queen from the album 'Sheer Heart Attack', Queen
5. Main Title/Rebel Blockade Runner (from the soundtrack to 'Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope'), J. Williams
6. Defying Gravity (from the musical 'Wicked'), S. Schwarz
7. Release from the album 'Volume 2: Release', Afro Celt Sound System
8. Samba Em Preludio from the album 'Esperanza', Esperanza Spalding
Your daughter will know the high standards of the Music department and we are justly proud of our facilities and dedicated classroom and peripatetic teachers, who help our students achieve strong results. While extra curricular music, including instrumental or singing tuition, is a compulsory aspect of KS4 Music, prior experience is not essential: many of our students successfully achieve GCSE Music after starting these in year 10.
Musicians are encouraged to have a "can-do" attitude and become rounded individuals with a wide skill-set. This equips them well for further study and a range of careers, either in performing arts or beyond. Many top-achieving professionals have a musical background and Music GCSE students have gone on to succeed in a variety of professional and skilled careers. | <urn:uuid:af612c51-74f2-4fc9-8813-515993295dd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.broughtonhall.com/curriculum/music.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.924296 | 1,247 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Nestled in the forested hills of central Vietnam two giant concrete hands emerge from the trees, holding up a glimmering golden bridge crowded with gleeful visitors taking selfies at the country's latest eccentric tourist draw.
Designed to make visitors feel like they're taking a stroll on a shimmering thread stretching across the hands of gods, the "Golden Bridge," or Cau Vang, has attracted hordes of guests eager to see a novel piece of architecture famed for its unusual design since it opened in the Ba Na Hills near Danang in June.
The pedestrian walkway, designed by TA Landscape Architecture in Ho Chi Minh City, sits at over 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) above sea level and extends over the treetops from the edge of a leafy cliff face, offering tourists uninterrupted views of the majestic landscape beneath.
Images of the bridge have gone viral on social media, much to the surprise of the architect who had no idea it would attract so much attention.
"We're proud that our product has been shared by people all over the world," principal designer and founder of TA Landscape Architecture, Vu Viet Anh, said. "It creates a walkway in the sky, among the foggy and fairy-like lands of Ba Na mountain."
At 150 meters long (490 feet), the bridge snakes through the forest high up in mountains first developed by French colonists as a hill station in 1919.
Today the area is a major tourist attraction, boasting a cable car, replica French medieval village — including faux castle and cathedral — manicured gardens and a wax museum featuring statues of Lady Gaga and Michael Jordan.
The only remnants of the original French occupants are the crumbling remains of their holiday homes that can still be spotted from the cable car.
But visitors are mostly interested in the newly built Cau Vang, which means "Golden Bridge" in Vietnamese.
"The bridge is beautiful with an amazing architectural style, from here we can see Danang City, it's so nice," Nguyen Trung Phuc said.
Another visitor, Nguyen Hien Trang, said, "I have traveled quite a lot but I've never seen any bridges as beautiful as this one."
The Ba Na Hills project was built by Sun Group, which has divided opinion with audacious projects elsewhere in Vietnam.
In 2016 it opened a cable car on Vietnam's tallest mountain Fansipan in the tourist hotpot Sapa, prompting complaints from locals who felt it spoiled the landscape and took business away from trekking guides.
Vietnam is no stranger to off-the-wall attractions.
A "crystal cloud" installation of 58,000 shimmering Swarovski beads in the rice-terraced hills of northern Vietnam opened earlier this year, while the surreal "Crazy House" hotel in central Da Lat, designed to look a trippy treehouse, has long attracted legions of curious visitors.
The communist country has long sought to boost visitor numbers and position itself as a must-see destination in Southeast Asia.
It clocked 13 million foreign visitors last year, mostly from China — a far cry from the 35 million international visitors to Thailand in 2017.
Golden Bridge designer Anh said he already has another project in the works: a silver bridge made to look like a god's strand of hair that will connect to his existing structure in the Ba Na Hills.
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6698 sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu uyarınca hazırlanmış aydınlatma metnimizi okumak ve sitemizde ilgili mevzuata uygun olarak kullanılan çerezlerle ilgili bilgi almak için lütfen tıklayınız. | <urn:uuid:8d73e4e5-b42d-49b9-983f-a2f913c03841> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailysabah.com/travel/2018/08/01/vietnams-golden-bridge-in-hands-of-gods-becomes-tourist-hit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945019 | 835 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Are Genesis 1 and 2 literal? What’s up with the differing timelines in those chapters? Where are the dinosaurs in the Bible? How do you know what ancient Hebrew words really meant? In this episode, Tim and Jon tackle your questions from the Ancient Cosmology series. Thanks to our audience for all your incredible questions!
- How Can You Know the Correct Meaning of Ancient Words? (5:52 - 12:06)
- Can You Understand the Bible Without Other Resources? (12:06 - 21:04)
- What Is the Purpose of Creation in Genesis 1-2? (21:04 - 28:45)
- Are Genesis 1 and 2 Literal? (28:45 - 42:14)
- Where Are Dinosaurs in the Bible? (42:14 - 49:24)
- How Did Other Biblical Authors Interpret Genesis 1 and 2? (49:24 - 55:30)
- Interested in more? Check out Tim’s library here.
- John H. Walton, The Lost World of Genesis One: Ancient Cosmology and the Origins Debate
- John H. Walton, The Lost World of Adam and Eve: Genesis 2-3 and the Human Origins Debate
- Robin A. Parry, The Biblical Cosmos: A Pilgrim's Guide to the Weird and Wonderful World of the Bible
- Alister McGrath (multiple works on the intersection of Christian and scientific cosmology)
- John Polkinghorne (multiple works on the intersection of Christian and scientific cosmology)
- “Defender (Instrumental)” by TENTS
Show produced by Dan Gummel, Zach McKinley, and Cooper Peltz. Show notes by Lindsey Ponder. Audience questions collected by Christopher Maier.
Powered and distributed by Simplecast. | <urn:uuid:5519dfb5-ccbc-4b04-9edc-9f8009f42e04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.patheos.com/editorial/podcasts/bible-project/2021/timelines-dinosaurs-and-the-purpose-of-creation--ancient-cosmology-qr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.855972 | 388 | 2.640625 | 3 |
I responded to Joseph Stiglitz’s article at the NYTimes, on progressivism, then posted further response, re: one of several replies to me (bottom of that). I sought to respond to another replier (joseph parmetler), but the “Comments” feature closed before I could post it. So, that’s below (with formatting additions not available at the NYTimes):
The issues are complex. I’m sure—I know—that Mr. Stiglitz’s position is more sophisticated than an article can convey—and far beyond my layman’s sense of economics.But my critical attitude is not a general objection to Mr. Stiglitz’s thinking (he being a Nobel Laureate, after all). I meant to be usefully thoughtful. Stiglitz has a complex approach to “creating the learning society” that I admire (and whose macro-mathematical sophistication is inaccessible to me).
Fair tax policy surely should “support education, health care...,” but there are approaches to government which are about more than support. They enable: Policy needs to be creative, progressive, not just fair and equitable—but that too! Democracy is a way of building futures. Progressive politics is about conserving cherished values by advancing them.
But the ethos of regulation is nebulous: Is it seeking homeostasis (stable market, which business likes)? Stiglitz wouldn’t basically advocate that. But why focus on “regulation”?
Is regulation to become “Commanding Heights,” which has been the legacy of Keynesian policy (creeping into statist paternalism which suppresses innovation)?
Teaching provides a good metaphor: Remediating someone is not yet educating them. (It’s creating educability.) Instructing (directing) someone is not enabling.
Enabling, facilitating, is truly educating. Master teachers know this. Leading minds in business regard leadership as an educational mission. Congresspersons should need to be educators of their constituents (about complexity, prudence, the long view, etc.), not just be service providers (and necessary advocates for justice).
A conception of enabling society can be about a progressive pragmatism—which also embodies our most cherished values.
In his NYTimes article (and earlier discussion this week with Andrew Sorkin), he’s briefly helping recent Democratic talk about “socialist” ideas gain a sense that’s fair, both to their progressivism (without falling back into antedated notions of socialism) and fair to his upcoming book on “progressive capitalism.” However, I found that his way of distinguishing present times from past was largely viewed from the past; so, he seemed to undermine his good intentions.
I have a detailed notion of enablative society to share—thanks to the work of others (to be duly credited)—but which lacks the complementary economic sophistication that Stiglitz exemplifies. It also is not premised on the neo-Neoliberal, neo-welfarist notion of “enabling state.” My project involves:
- an ethic of care, engaged with enabling and remediating;
- an approach to how persons who highly value enhancing humanity may come to identify with that engagement;
- a conception of concerted cultivation, from parenting through educational excellence to highly humanistic cultural thinking; and
- a conception of enablative leadership in progressive politics.
I don’t understand notions of enabling primarily as governmental, rather as cultural. A provisional model of societal cultivation of humanity (containing enablative political notions) might be what emerged from the 1990s quality-of-life research of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum that became the capabilist approach to human development, broadly conceived. | <urn:uuid:2047375d-379d-40cd-84cd-2dff77cf8fca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ourevolving.blogspot.com/2019/04/ecopolitics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947669 | 798 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Most US immigration attorneys will agree that the US immigration system is in will need of reform. Immigration reform has been at the top rated of the political agenda this year, and we hope to see some alterations on the way. Immigration has the potential to strengthen the nation’s economy by bringing in the most effective and brightest that the globe has to offer. Regrettably, the present immigration program presents hurdles for skilled immigrants to enter the US in a timely manner. Here’s why we believe immigration reform is necessary.
US Immigration Attorneys Support Immigration Reform
Fixing A Broken Course of action
The US immigration system is widely accused of becoming ‘broken.’ But what does this mean and how do we repair it? US immigration attorneys deal with this method on a every day basis, witnessing firsthand the frustrations and heartbreak it can trigger to people and households. When we say that the technique is ‘broken,’ it refers to many items.
1 dilemma is the situation of jurisdiction. Avocats immigration of government agencies have influence and responsibility for the U.S. immigration method such as the Division of Homeland Security, the Department of Labor, the Division of State, and the Department of Justice. The sheer quantity of agencies involved in the application, adjudication and appeals course of action often delays and in some cases prevents petitions from being adjudicated.
US immigration attorneys recognize that accountability for choice making is a difficulty inside these agencies. Oversight and evaluation of the choices of consular officers, USCIS adjudicators and the appellate courts demands to be enhanced in order to repair the immigration procedure.
Caps and Limits
Existing US operate visa categories have arbitrary caps and limits, making it complicated for employers to employ skilled foreign workers and even extra tricky, if not impossible, to hire unskilled foreign workers. Although it there is controversy surrounding the will need for foreign workers (skilled and unskilled), there is clear proof indicating that foreign workers supply a important economic driver for our economy. Foreign born entrepreneurs do as properly. The trouble for entrepreneurs is that there is no visa category that these men and women fit squarely into. Even though there is chance to “self-petition”, this choice is limited to men and women that fall into the employment-primarily based 1 category for men and women of “extraordinary capacity.”
Most US immigration attorneys agree that a top to bottom overhaul of the program is vital. From improving review oversight authority and accountability to reforming the process so that it is easier to navigate and understanding, the US immigration technique desires some function! Sadly most of the proposals that have been put forward so far do not supply the extensive reforms that we so desperately require. | <urn:uuid:ffcdad81-537e-4faf-a09e-4f3cf95221b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gt86academy.com/why-us-immigration-attorneys-think-the-us-immigration-technique-needs-reforming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955199 | 551 | 1.617188 | 2 |
“Up close with the Azores sharks”: When and where to watch a rerun of the nature documentary “Water Woman” of Sunday (July 10, 2022), whether on TV or online in the media library, read here in the news. de.
On Sunday (7/10/2022) at 19:15 “Waterwoman” was broadcast on television. You have a nature document with you ARD did you miss it and still want to see episode 1 of season 1 (“up close with the Azores sharks”)? Check out the ARD media library. There you will find numerous post-broadcast TV broadcasts online as video on demand for streaming. As a rule, you will find the program online after it is broadcast. Unfortunately, this does not apply to all programs. Unfortunately, there will be no reruns of ARD on linear TV in the near future.
“Waterwoman” on TV: This is what “Up close with Azores sharks” is about
In the four-part NDR series “Waterwoman”, Germany’s most successful diver, Anna von Boetticher, visits regions shaped by water. It’s less about the usual diving and underwater subjects. B. Great Barrier Reef, but about the diversity of waters on earth. What does water mean in different places? How do people live with water? Through the film, viewers experience different places through the eyes of Anna, who reveals herself to them with one breath. Because Anna von Boetticher has set 34 German records in her sport, freediving. On her own, she dived to 81 meters. Once she held her breath for six minutes. In the Azores, Anna von Boetticher visits the islands of Faial, Santa Maria and Pico, where she sets up camp at the foot of Pico, Portugal’s highest mountain. Off the coast of Pico Island, Anna jumps into the water without hesitation and joins the group of blue sharks. At first, wild animals looking for food are shocking. But Anna is experienced enough to know that she does not fit into the victim pattern of these animals. And he knows the three golden rules for dealing with sharks: wear clothing on all parts of the body, look the shark in the eye, do not actively touch it, but push it by the nose if it comes too close. From Anna and the local underwater cameraman Nuno Sa, we learn that animals are not hunters in relation to humans, but prey. Millions of sharks are caught from the ocean each year and used, among other things, in shark fin soup. Ruthlessly hunted animals with which Anna has close contact. Nuno and Anna hope that in the future people will come only to see sharks that are worth more alive than dead Ecotourism modeled on the Bahamas or the Galapagos. Anna von Boetticher also meets the majestic mobula rays at the legendary Princess Alice Bank dive site in the middle of the Atlantic. A unique adventure, because Anna only “hitchhikes” to Princess Alice Bank. You need luck, patience and courage to experience Mobul. The crossing to this point in the open ocean, 80 kilometers from the Azores, is only possible in perfect weather. But even then, there is a powerful current around the underwater volcano that could suddenly strike Anna. Then she would disappear into the ocean. But Anna’s courage is rewarded, she flows as close to the group of mobula rays as if she were part of the family. Animals accept her in their surroundings because Anna resembles a sea creature: she has no blisters and does not look as technical as ordinary divers. But Anna can only stay for about two minutes, and then the stimulus to breathe forces her to come to the surface. Your diaphragm vibrates and your legs get heavier as they are no longer being supplied with oxygen. Anna also meets two whalers, Antero Soares and Umberto Nunes, two men in their eighties who hunted whales from rowing boats in their prime and quartered them ashore. This was perfectly normal in the Azores 50 years ago. Today, Antero is still looking for whales: when he sees animals blowing through his telescope, he reports them to the tourist boat control center so visitors can approach the animals in sight. On the island of Santa Maria, Anna learns from Mayor Pepe Brix, who is currently renovating an old windmill, that the Azores are the target of outcasts. High-speed internet has been around for a long time, making the islands in the Atlantic a place of longing for many who want to live in the wild here but still want to be connected to the world. (Source: ARD, broadcast on FUNKE program magazines)
“Aquatic Warbler” on TV: all information at a glance
Consequence: 1 / Season 1 (“Up close with the Azores Sharks”)
theme: Up close with Azores sharks
year of production: 2022
length: 45 minutes
to track News.de already in Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and Youtube? Here you will find the latest news, the latest videos and your direct line to the editor.
This text is based on data from the Funke Group. Any comments or comments can be sent to us at firstname.lastname@example.org.
roj / news.de | <urn:uuid:5ba3967a-2d47-404e-87fd-36e3ed53c26b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://herenfsdd3dfdd.com/2022/07/10/waterwoman-a-review-of-a-nature-documentary-on-television-and-on-the-internet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943043 | 1,133 | 1.632813 | 2 |
French authorities have reportedly nabbed 10 swindlers in one of the country’s top wine-producing regions for labeling thousands of bottles of low-grade alcohol as the real deal.
The alleged scammers – who include several top wholesalers and wine merchants in Beaune, the wine-making capital of Burgundy – are facing charges of fraud and forgery, according to British newspaper The Guardian.
The scheme involved “cutting” thousands of bottles of top-quality wine – and mislabeling other bottles – and passing it all off as premiere booze, the paper reported.
Goichot, a Beaune-based wine firm, is suspected of blending middle-grade wine with undrinkable vino byproducts that were supposed to be turned into vinegar, the paper said.
Most of the major wines in Burgundy’s Cote d’Or region were affected, including Nuits-Saint-Georges and Volnay, the report said.
“I’m afraid these are very far from being glad tidings of seasonal good cheer,” Hubert Camus, vice president of the Burgundy wine board, told the paper.
“Our fathers and grandfathers have labored since the 1930s to bring Burgundy wines the renown they enjoy today. This destroys their efforts.”
In past years, two-thirds of the region’s product has been shipped to foreign countries, but because of the scandal, the area’s wine makers are worried that sales will face a fall-off. | <urn:uuid:8d389761-ed35-4e2d-aaca-33d1255dc48a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nypost.com/2000/12/31/fine-whine-over-bogus-burgundy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969282 | 332 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Gastroenteritis is characterised by diarrhea and vomiting usually caused by a virus carried in the stool that is easily passed from one child to another. It is very important to keep infected children segregated until symptoms have improved (2-3) days, and they are well enough to return to school/ childcare.
Good hygiene practices, particularly hand washing are essential to stop the spread of infection to other people in close contact with the infected child.
Keeping the child well hydrated is very important and several electrolyte solutions are available in store in various forms including liquid, soluble, and icy pole. It is essential to keep offering frequent small amounts of fluid to the child to prevent dehydration that can happen quickly with children.
If your child is experiencing:
- severe abdominal pain.
- Persistent diarrhea ( more than 3-4 days).
- Blood in stool.
- Looks very unwell.
- Bilious vomit (green).
- Vomiting without diarrhea.
Seek medical attention as these symptoms may occur in gastroenteritis but could also indicate something more serious that needs urgent medical attention. | <urn:uuid:754da861-0ada-460b-9531-67c1e3b3b1c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dixonspharmacy.com.au/2017/12/13/gastroenteritis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961913 | 227 | 3.8125 | 4 |
“What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done, and there is nothing new under the sun.”
Ecclesiastes, the biography of Qoheleth (Assembler), Chapter 1, Verse 9
My Dearest Friends:
Over the past two months, you’ve received my letters “The Epistle of Saint Helena: A Guide To Understanding Why The World Will End In 2022, Or Maybe Not” (http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index2746.htm) and “The Epistle of Saint Helena: The Hidden Map Of Truth” (http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index2772.htm) – that I’ve likened to being the first two chapters of much larger body of material I’m working to complete this year based on the 1923 writings of Novice Kathleen Helen in her research of Saint Helena (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_(empress), 250-330 AD) – who was the mother of Constantine the Great (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great, 272-337 AD), whom he appointed as Augusta Imperatrix, and gave unlimited access to the imperial Roman treasury in order for her to locate the relics of Judeo-Christian tradition – and are a must read for those you who haven’t already, so this next chapter can be fully understood.
Saint Helena (foto What does it mean)
Of considerable puzzlement to Novice Kathleen Helen in her compiling a list of the ancient Christian artifacts and writings being accumulated throughout the Holy Land by Saint Helena were those having to do with the Aldebaran (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran) solar system – a giant red star with its associated planets located about 65 light years from our Sun, and best known today as the “Fiery Eye of the Bull” (https://earthsky.org/brightest-stars/aldebaran-is-taurus-bloodshot-eye) in the constellation Taurus.
History has well documented that the Eastern Roman Empire ruled over by Saint Helena’s son Constantine was an astrological-centric culture whose main focus of interest and studies centered on equinoxes and eclipses, the shape of the Earth and models for the Sun, the Moon and the five (known) planets (https://classicalwisdom.com/science/astronomy/eastern-roman-empires-legacy-astronomy/) – but after whose adoption of Christianity in 321 A.D. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity), along with discoveries being made by Saint Helena, saw them developing a great fear of the “Fiery Eye of the Bull” – most particularly due to an ancient “end of days” warning written about in the Book of Deuteronomy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy, the fifth book of the Christian Old Testament and of the Jewish Torah) that, in Chapter 33, Verse 17, says:
“A firstborn bull – he has majesty, and his horns are the horns of a wild ox; with them he shall gore the peoples, all of them, to the ends of the earth; they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.”
Ephraim (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim) and Manasseh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Manasseh), for those of you who don’t know, are two of what are known as the “Ten Lost Tribes” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes) of ancient Israel – who in the early of years of the 20th Century, when Novice Kathleen Helen began compiling her epistle on Saint Helena, were identified by many global Christian churches (in particular the United Church of God and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) who claimed the whole United Kingdom is the direct descendant of Ephraim, and that the whole United States is the direct descendant of Manasseh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim#Destiny).
The Heraldic Emblems of Manasseh (Joseph’s son, foto What does it mean)
The Heraldic Emblems of Ephaim (Joseph’s son, foto What does it mean)
The Two Witnesses of Revelation (foto What does it mean)
In early June 1942, when Novice Kathleen Helen showed her Saint Helena epistle to General Eisenhower (while using her married name Kate Summersby, and whom Eisenhower kept by his side throughout World War II, http://www.whatdoesitmean.com/index2746.htm), aside from his being immediately given command of the entire Western war effort against Nazi Germany, he tasked both American and British intelligence services to “stop at all costs” the activities of Marija Oršić (http://1stmuse.com/maria_orsitsch/) – also known in the West today as Maria Orsitsch and Maria Orsic.
Since the ending of World War II, the entire Western world has attempted to obliterate Marija Oršić from history – and for good reason, because in knowing about her, people would know that upon this single woman’s shoulders, the entire history of our world was changed forever – and is why Professor-Doctor Michael Schetsche (https://www.soziologie.uni-freiburg.de/personen/mschetsche) and Professor-Doctor Andreas Anton (http://www.igpp.de/eks/andreas_anton.htm) at the University of Freiburg, in Germany, are warning humanity today about a possible catastrophe if Earth makes contact with an alien race (https://sputniknews.com/science/201902221072652286-signals-capitalist-aliens/).
What you should know about Marija Oršić is that in 1921, in the aftermath of World War I, she founded the Vril Society (https://www.gaia.com/article/maria-orsic-vril-ufos-nazi-germany-secrets), whose full name was “The All German Society for Metaphysics” (https://www.gaia.com/article/maria-orsic-vril-ufos-nazi-germany-secrets) – and who, in 1924, met with Rudolf Hess – who himself, in 1920, joined a little known political organization headed by Adolf Hitler called the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) – by 1941 had risen to be Hitler’s second in command – but who mysteriously then flew by himself to Britain to give “world altering” information about what the Germans were really doing – for which he was kept in solitary confinement in a Berlin, Germany prison built just for him where, for nearly 50 years, he was not able to talk to anyone but his Western and Soviet captors up to the day he died on 17 August 1987.
From existing historical records, though, we know that in late November 1924, Marija Oršić visited Rudolf Hess in his apartment in Munich, Germany, together with Rudolf von Sebottendorf (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf), the founder of the Thule Gesellschaft (today known as German occult group Thule Society, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thule_Society) – and was because Sebottendorf wanted to contact Dietrich Eckart (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart), who had deceased the year prior in 1923.
Eckert was the founder of the German Workers Party that evolved into the Nazi Party, and to establish contact with him, Sebottendorf and other Thulists joined hands around a black-draped table – and that Rudolf Hess found unnerving to watch when Marija Oršić’s eyeballs rolled back and showing only whites, with her then slumping backward in her chair, mouth agape —but that Sebottendorf smiled in satisfaction of as the voice of Eckart started coming out of Marija Oršić – and was when Eckart announced that he was obliged to let someone else’s voice come through, with an important message.
From the first person accounts of this “message” (http://1stmuse.com/maria_orsitsch/), it is said that a weird voice identified itself as the Sumi, dwellers of a distant world, which orbits the star Aldebaran in the constellation you call Taurus the Bull – that caused Rudolf Hess and the others to blink at each other in surprise – and according to the voice, the Sumi were a humanoid race who had briefly colonized Earth 500 million years ago – the ruins of which are the ancient Larsa, Shurrupak and Nippur in Iraq that had been built by them – with Sumi further revealing that those of them who survived the great flood of Ut – napishtim (the Deluge of Noah’s Ark) had become the ancestors of the Aryan race – all of whose revelations Sebottendorf remained skeptical of and asked for proof – and in response to, while Marija Oršić was still in a trance, then saw her scribbling several lines of queer looking marks which turned out to be ancient Sumerian characters, the language of the founders of the oldest Babylonian culture.
By 1927, Adolf Hitler had taken over full control of Marija Oršić and the Vril Society merging it with his Nazi Party – thus creating what we know today as “Nazi Occult Science” (https://www.disclose.tv/maria-orsic-vril-society-337756) – the most secretive, mysterious and feared artifact of was the “Die Glocke” (https://www.gaia.com/article/nazi-bell-ufo-technology) – meaning the bell, which was a space-going, UFO like saucer craft believed to be able transcend time and space — but as testified under oath during his war crimes trial in Soviet occupied Poland, saw SS Obergruppenfuhrer Jakob Sporrenberg (one of the highest commissioned Nazi SS ranks) saw him admitting that all of the scientists, engineers and technicians who had worked on the “Die Glocke” had been executed (https://www.gaia.com/article/nazi-bell-ufo-technology) – but not Marija Oršić – who is still whispered about as being “The Goddess of the Devil” (https://www.disclose.tv/maria-orsic-vril-society-337756), but whose eventual fate of is still unknown to this very day.
Die Glocke (foto What does it mean)
Last known photograph of Marija Oršić circa 1944 (right) and one of her Sumi “inspired” Nazi occult aircraft (left, foto What does it mean)
By your understanding this chapter of The Epistle of Saint Helena, and the two that preceded it, I’ve (hopefully) laid the groundwork for your being able to absorb the honestly mind altering next chapters to come – that will actually begin to shift you back into the morphogenetic field (https://www.sciencealert.com/neuroscientists-say-they-ve-found-an-entirely-new-form-of-neural-communication) you truly belong in a fearful consequence to your rulers whose own scientists have had to admit your “mind” isn’t confined to your brain, or even your body (https://qz.com/866352/scientists-say-your-mind-isnt-confined-to-your-brain-or-even-your-body/) – who’ve just identified a previously unknown form of neural communication that self-propagates across brain tissue, and can leap wirelessly from neurons in one section of brain tissue to another – even if they’ve been surgically severed (https://www.sciencealert.com/neuroscientists-say-they-ve-found-an-entirely-new-form-of-neural-communication) – and one of whose top neuroscientists, Doctor Julia Mossbridge, has just released her scientific findings into how powerful your mind, dreams and thoughts really, that are that are so profound, they will “send shivers down your spine” (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-6726143/Scientist-says-future-dreams.html).
On this journey you’re following us on, though, neither my Sisters nor myself can complete it without your kind and generous support – and is why, once gain, I humbly ask you to give us what you can today – an appeal we make to you in the hope you’re awakening to the truth and knowing the value in keeping it flowing to you – but as you well know, too, are true things greatly opposed by those wishing to keep you ignorant and under their total control – but whose old world of lies and deceit to do so are crumbling into the true deceitful ashes of lies they really are, and always have been.
Therefore, as I end now, and before you turn away from this appeal using the hardened mind and heart this old world has given you – I invite you to remember the new world to come words of our Lord that instructs us all by reminding us “A gift opens the way and ushers the giver into the presence of the great.” (https://dailyverses.net/giving) – and whose test of the truth of these words you’re now being invited to partake in.
What does it mean, 22 February 2019 | <urn:uuid:05b3de56-1082-450a-a0a2-3c51f1bb0fbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://robscholtemuseum.nl/special-report-from-sister-ciara-the-epistle-of-saint-helena-why-german-scientists-are-sounding-grave-new-alarm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.933872 | 3,340 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Tax Court Lawyers in Lakewood
A tax court is a venue that allows legal disputes relating to taxes to be resolved in an orderly, efficient manner.
Usually, legal issues concerning one's requirement to pay their federal income taxes will be resolved in tax court. Because of this, the U.S. tax courts have at least one courthouse in every single state and territory in the U.S., and there are several locations in each of the larger states. This means that there is almost certainly a tax court in or near Lakewood, Ohio
U.S. Tax Courts deal with almost every legal issue that has to do with the federal tax commitments of an individual or corporation. The U.S. District Courts are the courts of "general jurisdiction" in the U.S., meaning that they can hear almost any type of civil or criminal case under their jurisdiction. This includes tax cases, but the law only allows them to hear such cases if the tax in question has already been paid. Tax courts can hear cases before the tax has been paid.
Tax Court Procedure in Lakewood, Ohio
Tax law claims can arise out of any dispute having to do with one's legal requirement to pay their taxes in Lakewood, Ohio. Most often, they occur when the IRS alleges that a taxpayer has not paid all of the taxes that they owe, and the taxpayer disagrees. The court has to resolve this dispute.
Federal tax courts are presided over by judges who are assigned by the President of the United States. These judges serve 15-year terms. Judges whose terms expire are consistently re-appointed by the sitting President, so most tax court judges effectively serve for life.
U.S. Tax Courts have one feature that's almost completely distinct in the U.S.: people who are not licensed attorneys in Ohio, or anywhere else, are allowed to represent clients in Tax Court. This doesn't mean, however, that anyone can walk in off the street and start practicing tax law. Before they can practice before a tax court, non-attorneys have to take and pass a written exam that tests their knowledge of U.S. tax law. People who are already licensed to practice law, on the other hand, can practice before a tax court without taking this test.
Typically, residents of Lakewood, Ohio will end up in tax court because the IRS, or another tax agency, has alleged that they have failed to pay all the taxes that they owe. In the interest of due process, the IRS will send the taxpayer a letter informing them that they owe back taxes. At this point, the taxpayer will have something like 90 days to go to Tax Court to fight these allegations, if they so desire. If you do not file a response within the allotted time, the tax bill will become final, and you will have no legal means to contest it.
Do I Need a Lakewood, Ohio Tax Attorney?
Federal law allows some non-lawyers to represent parties in tax court. However, tax law is a fairly complicated and specialized legal field. Most lawyers who practice tax law do not practice any other area of law, giving you an idea of how specialized it is.
So, if you need to go to tax court, for whatever reason, you should seek the counsel of a good tax attorney in Lakewood, Ohio. While a non-lawyer who's licensed to practice before the tax courts may well give you perfectly competent representation, there are still advantages to hiring a lawyer. The main advantage is that lawyers are far more regulated in their profession than most non-lawyers. So, if a tax attorney severely damages your case due to negligence or incompetence, you will have significant legal recourse against them. | <urn:uuid:1389b35d-8b95-4885-90ab-6c021f223159> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taxattorneys.legalmatch.com/OH/Lakewood/tax-court.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977924 | 753 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Feb 09, 2022/IndustryNewsGlobal/ The unexpected shifts in the global markets because of the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 virus have brought many major and minor tremors to industries of all sizes including the Polymerization Initiator Market.
It was estimated prior to this unanticipated outbreak that the Polymerization Initiator Market is likely to witness a healthy CAGR of 5% during the forecast period. The surge in polymer production on account of increasing demand from various end-use industries, such as food processing, automotive, and building & construction is expected to drive the market.
Polymerization Initiators are utilized in radical polymerization in order to direct the initiation through light and heat. The initiator is expected to be soluble in the solvent and the decomposition temperature of the particular initiator should also be below, or at the boiling point of the solvent being used while performing polymerization.
This report studies the market covering a period of 12 years of trend and forecast. The report provides detailed insights into the market dynamics to enable informed business decision making and growth strategy formulation based on the opportunities present in the market.
Based on the type, the market is segmented as persulfate, peroxides, and aliphatic AZO compounds. Peroxides is expected to remain the most dominant type as it is used as an initiator for the radical polymerization process of monomers. The demand for organic peroxides is driven mainly by the growing demand from the coating, adhesives, and elastomer manufacturers with increase in consumption of these compounds in end-use sectors, such as automotive, electronics & electricals, construction, composites, and chemicals & plastic industries.
Based on the active species type, the polymerization initiator market is segmented as free-radical, cationic, and anionic. The wide use of free-radical polymerization for the thermal decomposition of molecules that contain weak bonds such as peroxides or aliphatic AZO compounds is driving the growth of the segment.
In terms of regions, Asia-Pacific is estimated to dominate the polymerization initiator market during the forecast period. The region has emerged as the largest consumer of these initiators owing to the increasing production of polymers in China, India, Japan, and Malaysia, among others. North America and Europe are also expected to offer substantial growth opportunities during the forecast period.
Key players operating in the global Polymerization Initiator market are-
Features of the Report
This report offers high-quality insights and is the outcome of detailed research methodology comprising extensive secondary research, rigorous primary interviews with industry stakeholders and validation and triangulation with Stratview Research’s internal database and statistical tools.
The Polymerization Initiator analysis report discusses the following heads in great detail:
Market structure: Overview, industry life cycle analysis, supply chain analysis
COVID-19 Impact Assessment
Market environment analysis: Growth drivers and constraints, Porter’s five forces analysis, SWOT analysis
Market trend and forecast analysis
Market segment trend and forecast
Competitive landscape and dynamics: Market share, product portfolio, product launches, etc.
Attractive market segments and associated growth opportunities
Strategic growth opportunities for the existing and new players
Key success factors | <urn:uuid:934dc234-b6c3-42e7-b6cd-141201c28735> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caramel.la/Khemant/vbxhq_wExW/polymerization-initiator-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927979 | 683 | 1.554688 | 2 |
What Affects the Strength of a Tropical Cyclone?
AS A TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVES, it responds quickly to changes in the environment it encounters. In some cases, environ mental changes will cause a tropical cyclone to strengthen, perhaps becoming a hurricane or becoming a stronger hurricane. In other cases, the new environmental conditions cause a cyclone to weaken, dissipate, and eventually disappear. Considering the conditions under which a tropical cyclone forms, what factors might strengthen or weaken it?
What Conditions Strengthen or Weaken a Tropical Cyclone?
Changes in Water Temperature
1. These figures track the changes that occur when a tropical cyclone migrating across the surface encounters different conditions. The initial cyclone (shown above) is still growing, as expressed by its cumuliform top. The water below is just warm enough to sustain growth.
2. If the cyclone encounters even warmer sea temperatures, it may strengthen. The warmer water adds heat and additional moisture to the cyclone, moisture that will later generate even more heat (latent heat) during condensation, a key factor in cyclone growth.
3. If the cyclone instead encounters cooler water, as when an Atlantic hurricane turns north in mid-ocean, it can lose thermal energy to the water. Also, the cooler water will not contribute needed moisture, and can even remove moisture by cooling the air.
Encounters with Other Air Masses
4. If a cyclone advances into, or incorporates, a wetter air mass, the additional moisture can strengthen the cyclone. The incorporation of more moisture is unlikely as an air mass supporting a tropical cyclone is often at or near saturation already.
5. More commonly, a cyclone advances into, or incorporates drier air. As the dry air is entrained, cloud development ceases and cloud cover thins, eventually disappearing due to evaporation into the drier air. The loss of moisture robs latent heat from the storm, and this is how many cyclones dissipate.
Encounters with Land
6. A migrating cyclone will often cross onto land. Once it is over land, the cyclone no longer has an unlimited supply of empowering moisture. Also, the land can be warm and dry, or cold, but in either case, it will remove moisture and energy from the storm.
7. A cyclone can interact with surface topography. This increases friction, slowing the winds. Mountains also remove large amounts of moisture in the form of precipitation due to orographic effects. Such settings are one of the main causes of cyclone-related flooding and fatalities.
Upper-Level Wind and Pressure
8. Vertical wind shear is the difference in wind speed or direction between the upper and lower atmosphere. While strong vertical wind shear assists in extra-tropical thunderstorm development, it generally tears apart or dissipates tropical cyclones. Fast winds in the upper-troposphere will shear off the top of the developing tropical cyclone, as the near-surface trade winds push the base of the storm in the opposite direction. Note that vertical wind shear can spread out a storm's latent heat release over a larger area (as represented by the red boxes), limiting buildup of the storm.
9. Although not illustrated here, upper-level pressures can act to strengthen or weaken a tropical cyclone, like they do for a mid-latitude cyclone. They also influence the path of the storm, by drawing it into a trough of low pressure or steering it away from a ridge of high pressure.
What Types of Damage Are Associated with Tropical Cyclones?
Much damage from hurricanes and other tropical cyclones is from the high winds, which can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour. Also, tornadoes and other strong local winds embedded within the larger storm can cause more localized, but severe damage.
In addition to being subjected to strong winds, shorelines are inflicted by rough surf associated with the very large waves. The waves can erode parts of the beach, making houses even less protected, dumping sand far into neighborhoods.
The storm surge associated with tropical cyclones also inundates low-lying areas along the coast. Much damage and death, however, also result from the flooding that occurs farther inland from streams whose waters are swollen by very high amounts of rainfall.
Recall that tropical cyclones form a mound of water beneath them, in response to the very low air pressure. When the storm approaches shallow coastal waters, this mound forms a wave, called a storm surge that rises as it approaches the shore. A storm surge can be devastating, flooding coastal areas with over 9 m (30 ft) of water. If the storm surge arrives at the same time as high tide, it is superimposed on the already-high water level. Also, the strong winds around cyclones push water in front of them, so the amount of storm surge can increase if a shoreline is in the direct path of the winds (northeast side of storms hitting the U.S.). Storm surges can bring marine objects onshore, including ships.
Strengths of Tropical Cyclones
Meteorologists and newscasters commonly refer to a “category 3 hurricane,” but what does this term actually indicate? This table shows how we categorize the strength of tropical cyclones.
The least energetic type of tropical cyclone considered dangerous is a tropical depression, so named because it is an area of low pressure. A tropical depression has at least one closed isobar on an air-pressure map, and successive tropical depressions are numbered sequentially in a given ocean basin each year (1, 2, 3, etc.). Once a tropical cyclone gains wind speeds of 64 km/hr (39 mi/hr), it is called a tropical storm and given a name. The first storm of the season in a given ocean basin receives a name that begins with an A, the second begins with B, and so on. If a named storm strengthens to wind speeds of 119 km/hr (74 mi/hr), it is termed a hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone, depending on the part of the world where it occurs. Atlantic and eastern Pacific hurricanes are then further classified according to their intensity on the Saffir-Simpson scale (named after the two people who devised it). The weakest hurricane is a category 1 hurricane, and the strongest is a category 5 hurricane. The amount of expected damage increases nonlinearly with storm strength (e.g., a category 4 storm generally produces more than four times the damage of a category 1 storm). Storms of Category 3–5 are often called “major” hurricanes, typhoons, or cyclones. | <urn:uuid:2639b428-2515-4f54-bb24-ea73312980bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geography.name/what-affects-the-strength-of-a-tropical-cyclone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.926412 | 1,373 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Still Using Old Fashion Website? Try Dynamic Web Designing to Boost Your Business Performance
Nowadays, a website is an undeniably essential element for success for the industry’s growth. It not only helps to enhance the presence globally but also helps to take the lead in the market. It is the medium through which companies let the viewer access their information and content and convince them to buy their product. Thus, it becomes very important to make a good first impression in people’s minds. But to make a good impression just a normal plain website not gonna help a business to grow. It needs well design to attract more viewers toward their content and make them look into it. Dynamic web designing does the same job for your business. A dynamic website not only easy to manage but it also helps to draw a vast amount of internet traffic toward the website with its huge database and strong information.
Why Dynamic Web Designing is Better than Other Website Design?
Even though there are lots of types of website design is available in the market but the dynamic website is more preferred over others. Most of the other type of website design is coded with HTML and pages which contain fixed information. Hence, every viewer will see the same content without any exception. On the other hand, a dynamic website is made with HTML coding as well as some complicated programming. That’s the reason different viewers can see different content depending on the location. For example, if you are in Canada and opening a shopping website. Then the website will automatically track your location and open a page which has a list of trending product of Canada. But when you open the same website from the US then it will open a page which contains the list of trending product in the US.
Other than this, dynamic web designing is the smart way to grow your business unless you want to create a simple website with one or two pages. Below we provide a list to understand the benefit of Dynamic website over others
Easy to Add Content in Dynamic Web Designing
The dynamic website holds CMS, in other words, a database of content that can be easily updated.
Ease at Changing Design
In the case of normal design, you have to go through a lot of coding modifications on the whole website to make a single change of design. But in the dynamic website, the thing gets a lot easier. You can make changes site-wide design with just one click.
Dynamic Web Designing Simple to Manage
Sometimes, without knowing companies add the wrong description of a product. It becomes very crucial to make it correct as soon as possible to avoid creating a wrong impression in the viewer’s mind. With the simple website design, it becomes very time consuming to make these changes. But if you are using a dynamic website then resolve the mistake from the organized database becomes very easy and less time consuming than others. This feature can be also used when you are trying to updating the website. For example, if you want to remove or replace a product from the trending item list of your website then you can do it within an hour by updating the database.
Dynamic Web Designing is more interactive than other website design, which makes the visitor stay on the webpage for a long time. It allows the visitor to personalize the user experience with the feature like recently viewed items, pages, personalized product suggestions, location and lots more.
Most types of website design are clucky and unprofessional, thus they are not suitable for a business website. Those websites have only a few interactive features which are not able to match the full expectation of the user. But with dynamic website design, you will get all the latest interactive feature which give a professional look to your website. It also helps people to realize how serious you are about the business.
Why Choose Dynamic Web Designing For Business?
The trend of the website design changes a lot in the last few decades. It is evolved to a certain extent that it can be used as an operating system ( Not literally). If we look back into the late 90’s website, they are mostly static in terms of design. But with the advancement of technologies companies unable to attract the consumer with static website design. Thus the Dynamic web design is born. This Dynamic webpage provides more information than others and can easily manage to update content with its CMS system. This comes in handy especially when you are selling products or services online. There are lots more features available for a dynamic website, some of them are:
Easy Navigation System
The navigation system or path of the website also plays a vital role in any business website. This particular feature decides how long the user will stay on the website and how depth they will go for. With the dynamic website design, you don’t have to take the tension of it. The programming used in the dynamic website lets the userland in the pages which matches the user expectation. The smart programming analyzes the location, time spends on a product list and search input of the user and let them to navigated to their desired product without putting too many details.
Represent Your Service Better Way
The key to the success of any business is, show the consumer what they want to see, not the thing you want to show them. You have to understand the mindset of each individual consumer to increase the sale of your business. And the best way to do that uses the Dynamic website. Dynamic design gathers the details of the user’s past history and browsing activity, base on that your website will automatically select the right content to view. Delivering the right content to the right user also increase the search ranking of your website and create a positive vibe about your company.
Create Potential Customer
No matter what type of business website you are running the main target of all the website is convert the audience into the potential customer. With Dynamic website design, you can easily convince the people to use your service with its vibrant colored call to action button, clear and catchy headline or even with a catchy video.
It is very important to keep up to date with the latest trend in the market to increase the traffic of the website. With Dynamic website design, you can collect information about the user from the landing page / Home page of your website. This feature lets you understand the market in a better way than others. Now you will think about how this feature is different than the other online marketing. To be honest there is no different but it is definitely a cost-effective way to sale your product and understands the consumer need at the same time. Because you don’t need to do a separate campaign to understand the needs of the targeted consumer, you can change your website product or service features a lot faster than others.
Other than getting information, the Home page of Dynamic Design also makes people hooked on the website, thanks to its catchy contain and external links. The programming of the Dynamic website also lets the user display different home page content than the first-timer. This makes people revisit the website, again and again, to get new surprises every time.
According to Google, there should be four main elements in the Landing Website, Those are:
- Easy navigation
- The originality of the content
- Less Loading Time
You can get all of them by using Dynamic Website Design.
Better Communication Feature with Live Chat
The website only helps to increase the visibility of your service globally. But how you can attract more customer toward you it completely depends on the feature you offer. Among the features the communication system in the best way to understand the customer and attract them toward your business.
Live chat feature is one of the communication features offers by Dynamic websites. It is a lot better and faster than the boring email feature. The customer also prefers this feature because there is some living person sitting other ends to help him to clarify any type of problem immediately.
Customers do not always contact the service provides with the live chat feature. Sometimes they drop an email or similar kind of thing due to lack of time or other reasons. It becomes very crucial to store information about them to get back to them later.
The dynamic website lets you store the information in the shape of a Contact form. These contact forms let you build a database of your customer. Which help you to get back to them in the right order and the right time. Other than quick respond, the information of your customer and their query also help you to understand what product they need, what type of service they want and how you can improve your website.
Why Choose Our Dynamic Web Design Service?
If you are also eager to use Dynamic Web Design Service for your website then we are the right choice for you. Our professional web development team have years of experience at providing Website which match the liking of our client. We gathered information about the similar service you offer. Also, conduct adequate research to come up with a dynamic design that is effective on the consumer and contain authentic information about your business. Let have a quick look at the main features of our Website Design:
- Site-wide design changes can be done instantly
- We made the website more interactive
- It attracts more visitors than any other website
- Adding content becomes much easier with our Dynamic design website
- The pages of our Dynamic website are simpler to manage
- Our Dynamic website looks more professional
- We offer the Service at a cheap price
- We provide on-time service
- Loading website becomes easy with our web developer
- We assist Generate dynamic reports to our client even after the service
- We guide you to manage the content to boost your sales
- Assist in generating an easily accessible control panel for making all kind of changes
Get in Touch With us To Avail Our Dynamic Web Designing services in Canada
If you also want to taste our premium-level service then contact us at +1647-765-2902 number. Our helpdesk is 24*7 available to assist our clients with their queries. You can also use our live chat feature to talk with our design experts. Else you can drop an mail to our email address with a proper business proposal. We assure that we will contact you as soon as possible. Also, we will assist you to solve any kind of problem-related to Dynamic website, anytime, anywhere. So don’t wait anymore and get in touch with us to make a separate positive identity in the market. | <urn:uuid:e5fdbe7b-ea56-45fc-aa38-71fa4a4e3368> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://canadawebdevelopment.com/dynamic-web-designing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.939581 | 2,119 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Periodontal maintenance is among the most challenging tasks faced by dental hygienists. From learning to critically evaluate the periodontal tissues, to discovering continuing periodontal attachment loss, to detecting residual calculus and performing often-blind scaling and root planing, periodontal maintenance requires dental hygienists to make maximal use of their skills.
Patients typically enter into periodontal maintenance after scaling and root planing (as definitive therapy), implant placement, or following periodontal surgery for chronic periodontitis. In every circumstance, dental hygienists must never lose sight of the fact that because some risk factors can’t be changed, periodontitis is rarely cured but, at best, may be merely controlled.1
Research has suggested that the progression of chronic periodontitis may be continuous or episodic.1 Thus,remaining vigilant for the early signs of renewed periodontal destruction is an important part of each maintenance appointment. When a patient’s periodontal status seems to be worsening, the dental hygienist must be prepared to take more aggressive steps to control the disease.
The first step in assessing periodontal status is accurately evaluating the gingival tissue for the presence of gingivitis. Gingival color changes are visible indicators of failing periodontal health, although such changes alone may not reflect ongoing periodontal attachment loss. In most patients, healthy gingiva has a coral pink color.2 Reddened or darker-than-normal gingival color may indicate chronic inflammation.2 Wilson et al3 evaluated root surfaces with the aid of a dental endoscope and discovered that in more than 60% of the areas that exhibited gingival color changes, the inflammation was associated with the presence of biofilm over subgingival calculus deposits that had been previously overlooked. The shape and tone of the tissue should also be used to identify areas where ongoing attachment loss may be present. The gingiva should be dried so the tissue texture can be evaluated. If the gingiva is shiny, enlarged, and spongy, the tissue is swollen. This may signal the likelihood of retained subgingival calculus as well as the possibility of continuing attachment loss (Figure 1).4
Probing provides key information about health or disease. In nonsmokers, the repeated absence of bleeding on probing strongly suggests site stability. As such, attaining a consistent lack of bleeding on probing is an important therapeutic goal.5 However, the presence of bleeding on probing (or gingivitis) at a site that has previously lost attachment is not a reliable indicator of ongoing attachment loss. It may suggest gingivitis or retained subgingival calculus far coronal to the periodontal attachment apparatus. Charting of periodontal probings represents a moment in time. Therefore, at each periodontal maintenance appointment, updated measurements should be compared with previous readings to determine if a site appears to be experiencing additional attachment loss.
LINKING DISEASE WITH RESIDUAL CALCULUS
An important part of assessment is evaluating the pockets for residual calculus. Badersten et al6 reported that 44% of root surfaces in deep pockets exhibit residual calculus. Firm, moderate pressure should be used with up-and-down strokes when exploring the root surface. The first 1 mm to 2 mm of the explorer tip should be used to ensure proper adaptation to the root. Burnished calculus may be missed if only horizontal exploring strokes are used. The cementoenamel junction (CEJ) is particularly prone to retaining calculus. More apically, an up-and-down stroke may reveal burnished sheets of calculus that may be best detected on the downward or insertion stroke.7 Explorer selection is also important. A curved extended 11/12 explorer may be perfect for soft, spongy tissue but switching to the straight 3A explorer may be needed if the patient presents with firm tissue and deep pockets. Careful examination of furcations and grooves can reveal sheets of residual calculus. If these deposits are discovered during the assessment phase, action must be taken to remove them.
TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENT SELECTION
Once detected, residual calculus may be difficult to remove due to limited access or tooth anatomy that impededs instrumentation. Even when access is possible, circumstances are made more difficult when clinicians use worn ultrasonic inserts/tips or do not have appropriate instruments available in their armamentariums. Selecting the best instrument for the task at hand, as well as implementing the appropriate techniques are integral to the effectiveness and efficiency of periodontal maintenance appointments. Prior to instrumentation, the need for pain control should be assessed. The use of intrapocket topical anesthesia or injected local anesthetic should be used when indicated.
The armamentarium for effective periodontal maintenance should include the following: rigid Gracey curets to remove more tenacious sheets of burnished calculus and extended-shank Gracey curets to reach the base of deep periodontal pockets (typically 5 mm or greater).8–10 Clinicians may also elect to use mini-bladed Gracey curets to improve adaptation to root contours, deep proximal concavities, narrow convexities, depressions on multirooted teeth, and furcations. Micro-mini Gracey curets can be used to access the narrowest of root contours and furcations. A recent addition to the instrumentation armamentarium—periodontal maintenance Gracey curets—may be used to remove biofilm or soft calculus on teeth with tight tissue, recession, or residual pocket depths. Periodontal maintenance Gracey curets have rigid shanks so they can withstand the firm pressure required when removing residual calculus. The shank length is 2 mm—longer than the standard Gracey curet but 1 mm shorter than the extended-shank Gracey curet. This is to improve access to molar areas with attachment loss while still enabling ease of use in the anterior areas where a longer shank is seldom necessary.
Tight tissue with narrow deep pockets are challenging to effectively instrument. Proper instrumentation techniques are required to thoroughly remove all calculus found on the roots of periodontal maintenance patients. Extended-shank instruments are useful for reaching deep pockets with moderate to severe recession. However, when the tissue is tight and insertion is difficult, periodontal maintenance Gracey curets may allow better access to the base of the pocket. The shank angle of the periodontal maintenance Gracey 11/12 is between the regular Gracey 11/12 and the Gracey 15/16. The shank angle of the Gracey 13/14 is between the regular Gracey 13/14 and the Gracey 17/18. Standard mini-bladed Gracey curets are useful on lingual and facial surfaces, particularly on the anterior teeth due to their short, thin blades.2 Rigid mini-bladed Gracey curets are sometimes too thick to insert subgingivally under tight tissue. If this is a problem, choose standard mini-bladed Gracey curets, micro-mini bladed Gracey curets, or periodontal maintenance Gracey curets. For deep mesial or distal pockets, if a mini or micro-mini Gracey curet blade feels too short to effectively reach across the proximal surface, select a periodontal maintenance Gracey 11/12 or 13/14 and activate vertical or oblique strokes. The three-quarter length blade will extend further across the surface, and the tip of the modified Gracey 13/14 is specially curved to enhance adaptation to distal concavities.
Mini-bladed Gracey curets are best suited to replace conventional Gracey curets in areas that are difficult to access, such as furcations, line angles, and deep, tight, narrow pockets—especially on facial and palatal surfaces. They can be positioned with the toe directed mesially or distally for vertical strokes on buccal or lingual surfaces. Mini-bladed Gracey curets are generally used with straight vertical strokes. They may also be implemented with oblique or horizontal strokes but due to the shortness of the blade, these strokes might not extend far enough subgingivally unless the tissue is easily retracted. Horizontal strokes with mini-bladed Gracey curets are most effective when limited to use along the CEJ or in root depressions just below gingival margins.1 Rigid mini-bladed Gracey curets are best used for initial therapy procedures when strong lateral pressure must be applied during debridement.11 All instruments should be of medium or fine thickness for adequate access into the pocket. Also, correct sharpening technique is necessary to ensure instruments are sharp enough to remove calculus.
Ultrasonic instrumentation may be helpful in removing residual calculus. Some thin inserts are designed to slip under tight tissue into narrow pockets. Beveled thin tips can also reach to the base of narrow pockets to pulverize residual calculus. When using ultrasonic instrumentation, clinicians must be aware that using worn inserts/tips will prevent them from effectively removing calculus.12
Periodontal maintenance appointments are opportunities to assess patients’ gingival and periodontal conditions. Adequate time—at least an hour—is needed to perform a thorough evaluation and instrumentation. Knowing when to refer is also important. If a periodontal site is deteriorating, the patient should be referred to a periodontist. Carranza suggests patients should be referred when pocket depth is increasing, if there are areas that are difficult for both the clinician and patient to keep clean, or unresolved gingival inflammation is present.1 A wide range of instrument designs, as well as improved assessment skills will aid clinicians in their quest to achieve successful treatment outcomes for periodontal maintenance patients.
- Carranza F. The periodontal pocket. In: Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 12th ed. St. Louis: Saunders: 2015.
- Carranza F. Phase 1 periodontal therapy. In: Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 12th ed. St. Louis: Saunders; 2015.
- Wilson TG, Harrel SK, Nunn ME, Francis B, Webb K. The relationship between the presence of tooth-borne subgingival deposits and inflammation found with a dental endoscope. J Periodontol. 2008;79:2029–2035.
- Wilkins EM. Instruments and principles for instrumentation. In: Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2013.
- Lang NP, Joss A, Orsanic T, Gusberti FA, Siegrist BE. Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease? J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13:590–596.
- Badersten A, Nilvéus R, Egelberg J. Scores of plaque, bleeding, suppuration and probing depth to predict probing attachment loss. 5 years of observation following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 1990;17:102–107.
- Hodges MK. A close-up look at explorers. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2013:11(9):34–38.
- Pattison AM, Pattison GL. Periodontal Instrumentation. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River: New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall; 1992.
- Nguyen M. A closer look at the 13/14 Gracey curet. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2015;13(9):24–30.
- Pattison AM. The use of hand instruments in supportive periodontal treatment. Periodontol 2000. 1996;12:71.
- Matsuda S. Instrumenting biofilm. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2003;1(1):26–30.
- Hodges MK. The power of selection. Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. 2013:11(1):42–46.
From Dimensions of Dental Hygiene. May 2016;14(05):24,26,28. | <urn:uuid:11d2cf95-d4f9-4631-ab12-d1f7a78306a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/facing-the-challenge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.856984 | 2,531 | 2.375 | 2 |
Overnight Energy: Fight over miners’ benefits risks shutdown | Flint aid crosses finish line in House
HOUSE PASSES FLINT AID, WATERWAYS BILL: In one of the last acts of the year for the House, the chamber easily passed a major water bill on Thursday that includes emergency aid for Flint, Mich., and boosts U.S. ports, dams and waterways.
The House voted 360-61 to approve a waterways package on Thursday, clearing the way for a $170 million package for Flint that lawmakers approved in a short-term spending bill.
That spending bill provides $170 million in aid for the drinking water crisis in Flint, where water from the Flint River corroded the pipes and contaminated the city’s water supply with lead.
“The water flowing through the pipes has poisoned the city,” said Rep. Dan Kildee (D-Mich.), who represents Flint. “This bill is far from perfect. But I’ve been fighting for my hometown, and told to wait and wait and wait, and the people of my community should wait no longer.”
The underlying waterways bill also deepens nationally significant ports, addresses flood risk management, helps disadvantaged communities provide safe drinking water and authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to approve state permitting programs for coal ash.
The bill includes controversial GOP-backed provisions to address the California drought, which has slowed down work on the measure in the Senate.
Read more about the waterways bill, from The Hill’s Melanie Zanona, here
MINERS PROVISION COMPLICATES SENATE SPENDING PACKAGE: The drought provision isn’t the only hurdle senators face as they wind down the legislative year.
A trio of Democratic senators from the heart of coal country are threatening to hold up a short-term, stopgap bill until miners receive a “permanent” fix for both healthcare and benefits.
Democratic Sens. Joe Manchin (W.Va.), Sherrod Brown (Ohio) and Joe Donnelly (Ind.) warned they could keep Congress in town until Christmas if they don’t get a benefits fix before then.
The stopgap bill, released Tuesday night, extends healthcare benefits for miners and their families. But that bill, which lasts until funding expires at the end of April, doesn’t include retirement benefits.
Manchin, Brown and Donnelly blocked a slate of bills late Wednesday evening, including a resolution in remembrance of the Pearl Harbor attack on its 75th anniversary.
As Brown left a Democratic caucus meeting Thursday, he said Democrats are “united” behind demanding one year of healthcare benefits.
Senate GOP leaders, however, have stood firm behind the current language.
Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas), the chamber’s No. 2 Republican, told reporters Thursday that the Democrats’ resistance “can’t change the outcome” on miners. He hinted that the Senate could still finish its work by Monday, over the objections of the Democrats, without causing a government shutdown.
Read more, from The Hill’s Sarah Ferris, here.
DEM SAYS EPA PICK SHOWS ‘CORRUPTION’: Critics piled on President-elect Donald Trump’s pick to lead the EPA on Thursday.
Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) said the nomination of Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt (R) to lead the agency “satisfies virtually every definition of corruption of government” because of Pruitt’s ties to the fossil fuel industry.
“I think that we should be prepared to talk about this not just as a matter of bad climate policy but as a matter of corruption of government, when you take a government agency whose primary responsibility is to deal with the climate crisis and you turn it over to someone who has spent his entire life in service to the regulated industry,” Whitehouse said.
Pruitt has been an ally of fossil fuel companies in his tenure as attorney general of Oklahoma, helping the industry argue against agency rules and securing large sums of campaign contributions from the oil and gas sector.
“This runs absolutely contrary to the strategy that Trump talked about during the campaign of ‘draining the swamp,’ ” Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-Ore.) said.
TRUMP, CONSERVATIVES HAPPY WITH PRUITT: Trump’s campaign — which officially announced Pruitt on Thursday — defended the upcoming nomination, with adviser Kellyanne Conway saying, “We’re very accustomed to the naysayers and the critics.”
And conservatives on Thursday officially released their energy and environment wishlist for the incoming GOP government.
The Competitive Enterprise Institute outlined the group’s 2017 agenda in a memo, saying lawmakers should repeal EPA rules and regulatory power, end the use of the “social cost of carbon,” a metric federal departments employ to assess impacts on the climate, halt the federal renewable fuels mandate and oppose any proposal to tax carbon emissions.
The group has Trump and Pruitt’s ear: Myron Ebell, the director of CEI’s Center for Energy and Environment, is the head of Trump’s transition team for the EPA.
ON TAP FRIDAY: Senators pick up their debate on the spending bill and waterways package. The Senate could reach a deal on the matter on Friday, or a final vote could come over the weekend.
AROUND THE WEB:
Hawaii was briefly under a tsunami warning Thursday following an earthquake off the Solomon Islands, the Honolulu Star-Advertiser reports.
The World Bank has cancelled a $100 million loan for a natural gas project in Pakistan, the Times of India reports.
North Dakota officials are monitoring for potential natural gas shortages amid severe winter weather there, the Bismarck Tribune reports.
IN CASE YOU MISSED IT:
Check out Thursday’s stories …
-Conservative group pushes GOP to roll back Obama climate work
-House passes water bill with Flint aid, drought relief
-House approves funding bill, but fate in Senate unclear
-Dem senator: Trump’s EPA pick is ‘corruption’
-Liberal mega-donor may run for Calif. governor: report
-Trump announces selection of EPA antagonist to lead agency | <urn:uuid:bdbe476e-63ce-4e92-a15a-f1ed11796f83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/overnights/309555-overnight-energy-flint-aid-crosses-finish-line-in-the/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927308 | 1,316 | 1.5625 | 2 |
This article is part of our exclusive IEEE Journal Watch series in partnership with IEEE Xplore.
There's been a Cambrian explosion of blockchains in recent years, supporting everything from cryptocurrencies to logistics systems. But by and large, they have been developed in silos and it's hard to share information between them. Now researchers are trying to build new channels to help these networks speak to each other.
A blockchain is a way to keep records of transactions or exchanges of data without relying on a central authority. Multiple users maintain a copy of the ledger and must come to agreement on any new additions by following a protocol called a consensus mechanism, which makes it hard for anyone to make fraudulent changes. But beyond these basic ingredients, they often have little in common. The kind of data they share, consensus mechanisms, network designs, and a host of other characteristics vary wildly depending on what they're used for.
While this diversity of approaches means blockchains can be tailored for a wide range of applications—from monitoring industrial equipment to hosting smart contracts that automate insurance payouts—it also means they struggle to share information. “We've got these blockchains that are closed worlds that cannot interact with each other,” says Stefan Schulte, and a professor at the Hamburg University of Technology in Germany.
As organizations use them to support a growing number of business processes, says Schulte, this inability to communicate could become problematic. If a logistics company tracks their shipments on a blockchain that can’t talk to the one they use to make payments it could cause plenty of headaches.
One way is to “burn” an asset on the source blockchain. Third parties can then set up the asset on the receiving blockchain for a small reward.
Solving this problem is a booming area of research though, and last month Schulte and his colleagues presented a potential workaround at the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications. Their approach relies on blockchain relays, which are essentially smart contracts running on one blockchain that can verify events on another blockchain.
If a user wants to transfer an asset they first destroy, or “burn,” it on the source blockchain, which is typically done by sending the asset to a user address that doesn’t exist. This transaction also includes details of the asset and which blockchain and user they want to send it to. Third parties monitor the source blockchain for these burn transactions and then send them to the relay for a small reward, which verifies the burn transaction and recreates the asset on the new blockchain.
The challenge, says Schulte, is that these verification processes invoke transaction fees that can quickly make the approach impractical. So they created a verification on-demand system where the relay assumes transactions are valid unless they are disputed. To prevent fraudulent submissions, the third-parties have to put up a stake of cryptocurrency to take part and if they submit an invalid transaction others can dispute it and win their stake as a reward. The approach reduces the cost of running the relay by as much as 92 percent, says Schulte, but at €5.77 ($6.52) it’s still far from a solved problem.
And while this scheme might work well for public blockchains whose data is readily accessible, such as those behind the Bitcoin and Ether cryptocurrencies, there are a growing number of private blockchains that are not so open. These networks may house sensitive commercial data that can’t be broadcast to the public and are often more tightly controlled.
Communicating between these closed systems can be tricky, but a potential workaround is to create trusted gateways to relay details of cross-chain transactions, says Gang Wang, an applied research engineer at Emerson Automation Solutions in Texas. In a paper due to be presented at the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain next week, Wang and colleagues describe a way to use a “trusted execution environment” (TEE)—a secure area of a processor—to create a trustworthy link between any two private blockchains without relying on a third party.
Another way is to create a “blockchain of blockchains.”
When a user submits a request to transfer assets or data, other participants on the source blockchain check that the transaction is valid (for example, that the user owns the assets in question). If it is, they lock up the assets involved in the transaction and tell a trusted gateway running on a TEE. If the gateway receives enough positive responses to meet some pre-defined security threshold it then sends confirmation to the gateway of the destination blockchain, which can trust the message, because it has been produced by a process running on a tamper-proof bit of hardware according to a shared security protocol.
The second gateway then passes details of the transaction to participants on its network who verify if it is valid and can be executed on that blockchain. If enough say it is, the gateway passes the message back to the first blockchain where the assets are unlocked and the transaction goes ahead. If the transaction isn't valid they instead send a release message that tells the first blockchain to abort the transaction.
Wang says the approach is well-suited to applications requiring high-speed transfers. Rather than waiting for the target blockchain to add the transaction to its ledger, which can take seconds or minutes depending on the network, the gateway checks if it is valid in milliseconds.
One other way of facilitating transfers between blockchains is to create a “blockchain of blockchains,” says Rafael Belchior, a PhD candidate at the Instituto Superior Técnico in Portugal. This is the approach being pursued by projects like Polkadot and Cosmos and involves a central blockchain dedicated to passing messages between others.
Each of the subsidiary blockchains can have their own security model, consensus mechanism and specific use cases. The catch, says Belchior, is that all of these blockchains must be built using the same development framework, which includes a shared communication protocol. As a result, the approach can’t interface with existing blockchains or those built using other tools.
Achieving efficient and secure interoperability between any two blockchains still faces considerable challenges, says Belchior. There are still no standards for how blockchains should talk to each other, he says, and it's difficult to evaluate and compare interoperability solutions, because there are no tools to systematically analyze interactions across multiple blockchains at once.
Perhaps most crucially, though, there are no formal security models that spell out the precise specifications required to guarantee a secure interoperability scheme. “I think only after this kind of work could you have a more stable place to start designing your interoperability solutions,” says Belchior.
Correction 6 Dec. 2021: Stefan Schulte is currently on the faculty at Hamburg University of Technology in Germany and not at the Vienna University of Technology in Austria, as the original version of this story reported.
This article appears in the February 2022 print issue as “Blockchains Talk Amongst Themselves."
Edd Gent is a freelance science and technology writer based in Bangalore, India. His writing focuses on emerging technologies across computing, engineering, energy and bioscience. He's on Twitter at @EddytheGent and email at edd dot gent at outlook dot com. His PGP fingerprint is ABB8 6BB3 3E69 C4A7 EC91 611B 5C12 193D 5DFC C01B. His public key is here. DM for Signal info. | <urn:uuid:fce1e9d5-7c59-41a7-bf6c-2dd2e8152368> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spectrum.ieee.org/blockchain-interoperability | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.941029 | 1,540 | 3 | 3 |
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(SF Handbook) Information Page
The Federal Housing Administration's (FHA) Single Family Housing Policy Handbook 4000.1 (SF Handbook) is a consolidated, consistent, and comprehensive source of FHA Single Family Housing policy.
- Consolidated: Hundreds of FHA Handbooks, Mortgagee Letters, Housing Notices, and other policy documents have been consolidated into this single source. This eliminates the need for mortgagees and other stakeholders in FHA transactions to search through multiple stand-alone policy documents to find precise and current policy information.
- Consistent: The SF Handbook's consistent format of "Definition, Standard, and Documentation" supports greater understanding, easier use, and a better source for mortgagees to extend the wide range of FHA products and programs across a broader spectrum of eligible borrowers.
- Comprehensive: The SF Handbook is well on its way to becoming a comprehensive source of Single Family Housing policy. While not yet complete, the SF Handbook currently has everything a lending entity needs to become FHA approved; to originate and receive an FHA insurance endorsement; to service; and to adhere to FHA's quality control policies for almost all Title II forward mortgages—the bulk of FHA volume.
Two Ways to Access the SF Handbook
Stakeholders and the public can access the SF Handbook's published sections in two ways:
- FHA's Online Housing Policy Library, which contains: a fully searchable, online version of the SF Handbook; a growing collection of supplemental documents; superseded Mortgagee Letters and other policy documents; and active Mortgagee Letters for policy not yet incorporated into the SF Handbook
- The SF Handbook in portable document format (PDF): a linear format similar to traditional FHA Handbooks, but with enhanced links, format, and structure to provide a comprehensive beginning-to-end view of FHA's published policies.
SF Handbook Supplemental Documents and Model Documents
Policy information referenced in, but supplemental to the SF Handbook can always be found online:
- FHA's SF Handbook Supplemental Documents page contains the guides and other documents referenced in the SF Handbook, such as the Single Family Housing Appraisal Report and Data Delivery Guide, the Claim Filing Technical Guide, and the Single Family Default Monitoring System Reporting Codes.
- Model Documents and 203(k) Rehabilitation Mortgage Insurance Program Sample Documents are accessible from FHA's Model Documents and 203(k) Sample Documents web pages, respectively.
SF Handbook Organizational Structure
The SF Handbook's organizational structure has five main categories that follow the logical flow of a mortgagee or lender's process. Click here to see where we are with our development work.
View FHA's series of nine self-paced, pre-recorded training webinars covering the SF Handbook's Origination Through Post-Closing/Endorsement section for Title II forward mortgages, and program information for Nonprofit Organizations and Government Entities. Access these webinars on the Single Family Pre-Recorded Training page
Search by keyword at www.hud.gov/answers or send an email to email@example.com or call the FHA Resource Center at (800) CALL-FHA (225-5342). Emails and phone messages will be responded to during normal hours of operation, 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET, Monday through Friday on all non-Federal holidays. Persons with hearing or speech impairment may access this number via TTY by calling the Federal Information Relay Service at (800) 877-8339.
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Only 400 cases of monkeypox in Italy. But to prevent mass contagion, we need to learn from the past
At a completely inappropriate time due to our local and international disasters I try desperately to get your attention about another disaster that you just don’t want to know about. Because I am telling you about another disease, which will give us a hard time if we do not intervene now, and I hope to convince you that it will be useless to close the barn when the oxen have escaped.
I am talking about the monkeypox virus, which from now on I will call MPX (Monkeypox). Some pieces of the story I believe you have grasped, but many of you will think that this story is not about them. I really hope so – but I can’t help but give you a summary that puts a few pieces together.
MPX usually stays hidden in African rodents, and every now and then, following contact with other animals such as monkeys or humans, it easily makes the leap of species. With regard to Homo sapiensMPX usually infects children who, especially in those countries, have more contact with rodents. The infection is also transmitted between people, but generally outbreaks in humans go extinct because there is no continuous source of contagion that feeds and allows the infection to spread. In recent years, the infection has taken a new turn, extending and perpetuating itself in young males who have promiscuous sexual habits, particularly with men. But as long as this viral circulation on other tracks did not occur outside Africa, no one cared about it.
From some cases reported in early May we have reached about 20 thousand cases of MPX infection outside the African continent. The demographics and risk factors are clear: men who have intimate relationships with multiple male partners are at this moment the victim and potential spreaders of a very painful and disabling disease which is moreover charged with stigma. This means that those at risk are not inclined to report the disease to the doctor, except in extreme cases.
For one thing I have to tell you, or rather two. The first is that this is not a sexually transmitted disease such as HPV or HIV. It is a disease that is usually transmitted by direct contact (which includes sexual intercourse) and in some cases also by the respiratory route. At this time the infection is amplified in the community of males who have multiple male partners, but it can escape from that circle of people and infect households. Here MPX finds two further tools to perpetuate its existence: circulation in other populations. People living in contact with currently infected people could be infected, including children, who will go to school from September. And we know it’s hard to control infections.
But there is more. Urban rodents could be infected through contact with infected patches or gauze that end up in the trash and thus a permanent reservoir would be created that could perpetuate the infection in our territories.
The truth is that it is necessary to act on several fronts in a coordinated manner by understanding the circularity of the problem. Medical aids should be created for people at risk that guarantee anonymity and information on how to prevent infection. Inform about vaccination and offer vaccine administration to those who request it, taking an example from the USA. it is also essential to dispose of any material that has come into contact with skin lesions in a suitable manner (eg after disinfection and in a double closed bag or as special waste). Not least, to put in place active surveillance programs in rodents to reveal and eradicate the infection as soon as it occurs.
In Italy, we are just over 400 cases and only through adequate and convergent behavior could we stop the run of this virus off the rails known to us that risks frightening and making many people suffer and overloading a national health service already exhausted by another virus, which in turn has come off its rails.
August 2, 2022 (change August 2, 2022 | 07:26)
© REPRODUCTION RESERVED | <urn:uuid:af26edce-1794-43a3-8573-59e0c8b0668b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sparkchronicles.com/monkeypox-why-do-we-need-to-act-now-to-stop-mpx-monkeypox-ilaria-capua/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.96788 | 808 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The SESH project (Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health) is a collaboration between the Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University and the University of North Carolina China Programme Office. The main objective of the project is to use "crowdsourcing competitions" to inspire the creation of more creative, equitable and effective health services.
To use the wisdom of the people to design health services that are creative, equitable and effective.
To develop crowdsourced tools such as innovative competitions that can be used to improve health services to build a local multi-sectoral network that will resonate and empower people - especially key influencers. Evaluate the impact of competitions run by Seth to assess effectiveness and fairness.
We believe that there are core values that SESH implementers need to embrace.
- Equity: primary championing of the equitable distribution of health services among population groups. - Shared vision: having positioned partners and shared goals - Empowerment: placing agency in the hands of local populations and community groups - Networking: moving away from the traditional vertically organised model of sexual health services to provide a platform for horizontal collaboration and communication such as a forum. - Impartiality: partners and standard processes are underpinned by strong ethics (no financial gain from tobacco or arms sales) - Multi-sectoral collaboration: innovative inclusion of collaborators from different sectors (business, academic, medical/public health, arts). - Innovation: Challenging assumptions and new approaches to building multidimensional models for sexual health. - Inclusive: Promoting humanistic sexual health services. - Diversity: Promote inclusive partnerships and anti-discrimination policies. - Open access: sharing the rewards of innovation with others. - Social Value: Delivering measurable, value-added social outcomes. | <urn:uuid:c1d96355-a723-40bc-a04b-7da07f66cab5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seshglobal.org/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.922058 | 359 | 1.8125 | 2 |
If you are looking for one of the best countries to study in abroad as a Nigeria, then, South Korea stands tall amongst them. There is much more fun and learning that takes place in South Korea. But, before you study in South Korea, you must need to obtain and apply South Korean Student Visa in Nigeria. This is what will enable you proceed with your education.
About South Korea
South Korea is officially known as Republic of Korea (ROK). It is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying to the east of the Asian mainland. The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time, ruling most of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria, parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia, under Gwanggaeto the Great.
Furthermore, South Korea lies in the north temperate zone and has a predominantly mountainous terrain. It comprises an estimated 51.4 million residents distributed over 100,363 km2 (38,750 sq mi). Its capital and largest city is Seoul, with a population of around 10 million. Let’s not bother you so much about this. Let’s see why you should study In South Korea.
Why Study In South Korea?
Before we see how to apply South Korean student visa in Nigeria, let’s see this. So, you want to know why you should study in South Korea right? Here is why.
1. Cost Of Living
The cost of living in South Korea is affordable. As a student, we know how much you struggle in order to stick to a tight budget every month. Luckily, in Korea you can find food, accommodation, and opportunities to explore the cultural life affordably. For example, you can get unlimited Korean barbecue and various side dishes for only 10 euros per person. Add 2 more euros and you will get a cold draft beer to accompany the food.
2. Delicious Meals
In recent years, South Korea has become better known for its technology than its food. However, thanks to delicacies like kimchi, the Korean cuisine is getting more and more global attention due to its various delicious dishes. For a South Korean, cooking means a great deal. That is why you can find in every corner local restaurants with high standard food.
3. South Korean Culture
The South Korean culture is also known as the Korean Wave. Since the turn of the 21st century, South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture. It is a fact that South Korean music is the heart of the Asian pop culture. With its unique, fresh and trendy sound, South Korea has pumped out hits that have been successfully everywhere around the world.
4. High Quality Student Life
As an exchange student, you will meet people from all around the world and you will find new friends for life. However, attending a Korean university like the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies will also offer you the opportunity to make Korean friends and learn the Korean language at the same time. The local university students in South Korea are open-minded and often willing to share their customs with exchange students.
5. Travel, Tourism & Exposure
Korea is extraordinary for its mix of traditional and modern styles. Visit old-established ancient palaces or get stunned by the many majestic skyscrapers in the inner cities. Furthermore, there are lots of unknown and charming islands along the coast that you can visit if you want to get away from the hectic life in Seoul. If that is not your cup of tea, why not schedule a weekend trip to climb one of the numerous mountains in order to challenge yourself?
How To Apply Korean Visa In Nigeria
So, you have seen why you should study in Korea. So, let’s show you how to get your Visa ready. All international students require a D-2 Visa, which is issued to students in regular or research programs at colleges, universities, graduate schools, or research institutes. Once an institution offers you an admission, you can then apply for a visa from the Korean Embassy through the address below.
South Korea Student Visa Required Documents
Here are the required documents you will need.
- Original, international passport valid for 6 months beyond stay in South Korea, with at least one blank passport page available for South Korean visa stamp.
- One South Korean visa application form. You have to fill and sign it as honest as you can be.
- Original Certificate of Admission that the president of the Korean college or university given to you.
- Evidence of sufficient funds to support stay in destination;
- Students on a one term program (3-4 months) must provide a recent bank statement with a minimum balance of $3,000.00.
- Students on a year-long program a recent bank statement with a minimum balance of $10,000.00.
- Most recent certificate of school record
- One recent (taken within the last 6 months) 2 x 2 passport photograph, in color, front view and with a plain/light background.
- An original Tuberculosis (TB) skin or blood test results issued by a doctor.
Both of the visa applications charge a fee of £20 to £35. A multiple entry visa is more expensive than a single entry visa
South Korea Consulate Nigeria, Lagos
38, Lobito Cobito Crescent
Do you have any question about how to Apply South Korean Student Visa? Use the comment box below and we shall get across to you. | <urn:uuid:286747f8-b9db-4492-bea7-0aaa4d142806> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onlinedailys.com/how-to-apply-south-korean-student-visa-in-nigeria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.941503 | 1,162 | 2 | 2 |
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