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The following essay is Thrilling Days of Yesteryear’s contribution to The Universal Pictures Blogathon, currently being observed from October 29-31 and sponsored by
If you were making a living as a silver screen detective in the days of classic Hollywood…chances are that unless you were Nick or Nora Charles (MGM’s “Thin Man” couple) you were pretty much pounding a beat in the B-picture side of Celluloid City. Just about every studio had a second feature gumshoe—Columbia pretty much cornered the market on them, with the likes of Boston Blackie, The Lone Wolf, Ellery Queen, etc.—but Universal Pictures, save for their “Crime Club” pictures in the 1930s, seemed to be the last out of the starting gate. This was subject to change in 1942, when the studio inked a $300,000 deal with the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle estate for the film rights to the Greatest Detective of All Time—Sherlock Holmes of 221-B Baker Street.
Universal’s Holmes series originated with a pair of features released by 20th Century-Fox in 1939: The Hound of the Baskervilles and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. These two films, starring Basil Rathbone as Holmes with Nigel Bruce as Watson, were tremendously successful at the box office—so much so that Fox tried to negotiate with the Conan Doyle estate a contractual continuation with the characters, with the idea being that one Holmes picture would be made and released per year. But the estate insisted that the studio’s scripts remain faithful to the original stories (instead of inventing new ones), and negotiations broke down not long afterward.
But the 300 K that Universal ponied up to make more Holmes pictures included the rights to 21 of Sir Arthur’s short stories, several of which provided the grist for the Universal Holmes releases. To add a cherry to this hot fudge sundae, Messrs. Rathbone and Bruce were persuaded to reprise their roles in the new venture; Basil and Nigel had been playing the parts on radio since 1939, on a NBC/Blue program sponsored by Bromo Quinine (they’d get a new sponsor in Petri Wines—along with a new network, Mutual—in the fall of 1943).
The first of the twelve Universal Holmes ventures was released on September 18, 1942: Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror. A title card at the beginning of the film reads thusly:
Sherlock Holmes, the immortal character of fiction created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is ageless, invincible and unchanging.
In solving significant problems of the present day he remains – as ever – the supreme master of deductive reasoning.
That’s right, cartooners—Sherlock Holmes had been enlisted to fight for the Allied cause! This updating of the great detective’s environs from the late Victorian era to the twentieth century elicited a lot of howls from the dedicated disciples of the Conan Doyle “canon”…but when you stop and think that the story Voice of Terror is based on—“His Last Bow,” the first of the Conan Doyle stories to be adapted as part of the studio’s deal with the estate—it’s really not all that sacrilegious. “Bow” brings Holmes out of retirement (beekeeping, you know) in 1917 to nab a German spy during the First World War…so is it really that much of a stretch to have him dealing with the Hun again twenty-five years later?
In the hands of character great Nigel Bruce—and to be fair, this practice started in the 20th Century-Fox films as a way to provide contrast between the two men—he was transformed into a buffoonish fool who functioned as each film’s comic relief. My mother, a dedicated “Baker Street Irregular,” knows full well that the Watson of the movies is nothing at all like Conan Doyle’s creation…and yet she was always perfectly okay with it. “Look at it this way,” she once remarked, “when you’re standing next to a guy who’s as brilliant as Sherlock Holmes…doesn’t it stand to reason that you’re going to come across as the person who rode the short bus to school?”
It also served as the film debut of character actor Thomas Gomez, who’s a particularly nasty piece of work as a foreign agent tangling with our heroes. With the second entry, Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon (1943), the series would be handled by Roy William Neill (Black Moon, The Black Room)—a B-picture veteran particularly adept at making the admittedly low-budget Holmes films look like stylish “A” efforts. (Neill would later take over producer chores on the Sherlock Holmes series as well.)
Instead, the scientist is captured by Sherlock’s nemesis, Professor Moriarty (Lionel Atwill)—who apparently has no loyalty to his home country as far as the war’s concerned. In the Rathbone-Bruce films, Moriarty turns up three times: he’s played by Atwill in Secret Weapon, previously by George Zucco in Fox’s The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, and by the great Henry Daniell in the later The Woman in Green (1945). I enjoy all three portrayals immensely, but I give Lionel the edge only because he has that wonderful response to Holmes’ detailed explanation of how he would do away with his arch enemy (he would rig up an apparatus that would slowly drain Moriarty’s blood): “The needle to the last…eh, Holmes?” (The Great Detective’s cocaine addiction is only hinted at in this film and at the end of Baskervilles: “Oh, Watson…the needle!”)
Secret Weapon also marked the first appearance of actor Dennis Hoey as Holmes’ Scotland Yard contact, Inspector Lestrade. Once again, liberties were taken with how Lestrade was originally portrayed in the Conan Doyle canon (where he was actually a bright, ambitious detective—and quite adept at office “politics” as well); in the Universal movies, Lestrade’s intellect was on a par with Watson’s. But Hoey was a wonderful addition to the movies (“That’s right, Mr. Holmes—and it’s no good sayin’ it ain’t!”) and when he’s not around (he appears in half of the films) he’s a missed presence.
(How’s that for a MacGuffin?) I find Washington to be one of the weaker Universal Holmes pictures…which is kind of odd, because it has some interesting set pieces and sequences (Watson’s fascination with chewing gum, the microfilm that’s passed back-and-forth between the characters because they’re unaware it’s concealed in a matchbook) and features two of the “Moriartys” as villains: Zucco and Daniell. (TDOY fave Clarence Muse also has a sizeable role as a train barman—it’s a thankless part, to be sure, but Muse works wonders with it.) But honest to my grandma: the last time I watched this one (some birthday largess from sister Debbie allowed me to purchase all of the Rathbone-Bruce Holmes flicks on Blu-ray) I slept through the last half. (My mother did, too—but that’s normal with her.)
But apart from the background of an ancestral home being used as a place of convalescence for British military officers (that’s why Watson’s on the scene; he’s an advising physician) Death returns to the familiar trappings of the Holmes stories by presenting a good old-fashioned murder mystery. (The Holmes films would function in a kind of quasi-Victorian universe with this and subsequent features.) It’s loosely based on Conan Doyle’s “The Musgrave Ritual,” with Holmes and Watson investigating the deaths of a family who adhere to the titular duty. Death is another Universal Holmes I particular enjoy; its rather drab denouement doesn’t detract from the fine performances from the series’ regulars (including Mary Gordon as Mrs. Hudson—Gordon was also a carryover from the Fox films) and featured players like Hillary Brooke and Milburn Stone…plus a creepy Gothic atmosphere that makes good use of some old Frankenstein and Dracula sets.
Things kicked off with The Spider Woman (1944), my second favorite of the Universal Holmes films…and the reason for this can be summed up in two words: Gale Sondergaard. Sondergaard (as Adrea Spedding) is a super-villainess who proves to be a formidable opponent for our hero: she is the mastermind behind a series of “pajama suicides” that are running rampant through London. There’s an undeniably “high camp” element to Spider Woman—it plays at times like a condensed cliffhanger serial—but a more enjoyable entry in the Universal Holmes vehicles will be difficult to find. (There are overtones of Conan Doyle’s “The Adventures of the Dying Detective”—in which Holmes feigns a fatal illness to solve a case—and Spedding herself suggests “The Woman”: Irene Adler, the antagonist in “A Scandal in Bohemia.”) There’s a nod to the war in the climactic scene where Watson and Lestrade take aim at caricatures of Tojo, Mussolini and Hitler at a carnival’s shooting gallery…unaware that Holmes is bound and gagged behind one of them.
While I do like the film, I’m not as enraptured as others because I find the plot a bit unexceptional (once you learn the identity of the killer, you’re hard pressed to want to watch it again like some of the other Holmes movies). What elevates Claw to the position it enjoys is the first-rate direction by Neill, who harkens back to his earlier work on Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943) to create a dandy, atmospheric entry that works as both mystery and horror film. (The fog-shrouded Canadian marshlands also suggest the moors from The Hound of the Baskervilles—truly, Neill knew the cardinal rule of making B-pictures: “Fog is your best friend.”)
Like Claw, it’s both mystery and horror movie: Holmes is on the trail of a priceless pearl that’s been squirreled away in one of six busts of Napoleon (the movie reworks Conan Doyle’s “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons”)…but he also runs afoul of a homicidal maniac known as “The Hoxton Creeper.” Pearl of Death wasn’t horror icon Rondo Hatton’s first movie but it’s unquestionably the one that put him on the map; before his untimely death in 1946 from acromegaly he would play “Creeper”-like characters in such films as House of Horrors and The Brute Man, both released after his death.
Also, there’s a delicious irony in that Mander’s Conover dies at the hand of The Creeper…and then later that same year is killed in Murder, My Sweet (1944) in a manner that some say inspired the Creeper killings in Pearl (Moose Malloy was known to snap a spine or two).
The House of Fear (1945) is another vehicle in which once you’ve sussed out the guilty party (the movie was adapted from Conan Doyle’s “The Five Orange Pips”) there’s really no need to revisit it (I could watch Pearl of Death a million times and never get tired of it). It does feature an endearingly eccentric performance from character actor Aubrey Mather, as well as nice turns from Holmes series stand-bys Paul Cavanaugh, Holmes Herbert and Gavin Muir. The Woman in Green (1945) spotlights the full-on villainy of Henry Daniell as Moriarty (with Hillary Brooke as his partner-in-crime), which a number of fans consider the best Moriarty portrayal of the Rathbone-Bruce features.
A promising start soon turns into a death spiral of boredom as Holmes and Watson are essentially hired to be bodyguards for a foreign monarch while matching wits with the most tedious aggregation of villains in the history of Universal’s series (they’re so colorless they’re rounded up off-camera). (I tried to re-watch this one before I wrote this for the blogathon…and I was in the arms of Morpheus before the damn thing ended.) Terror by Night (1946) is a bit of an improvement—it’s Dennis-Hoey-as-Lestrade’s swan song, and he’s allowed the rare moment of lucidity in helping Holmes defeat a would-be jewel thief—but situating the story against the background of a moving train does little to alleviate the sluggish pace of the film (even if it is only an hour long).
He had become so identified with the character that he purportedly lost out to favorite silver screen cad George Sanders for the role of Lord Henry Wotton in MGM’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945). Dressed to Kill (1946) would be the final entry in the Rathbone-Bruce Holmes ledger, and though it’s not particularly held in high regard by a lot of people (I do agree that title is pretty lame) I have to confess a special fondness for it. The story—a search for missing bank plates whose location is concealed in the notes of several music boxes—is sort of a pastiche of past Sherlock Holmes features, with elements of Pearl of Death, Secret Weapon and Scarlet Claw cribbed to fashion what would be the detective’s curtain call. (The major asset of Dressed is a sensational performance from Patricia Morison—“the poor man’s Gale Sondergaard”—in a role not unlike Spider Woman’s Adrea Spedding.)
But tension between the show’s writers and producer made the experience an unhappy one for “Willy” and he relinquished the part to continue appearing in character roles in films until his death in 1953.
As for the man who’s perhaps best associated as the consulting detective from 221-B Baker Street, Basil Rathbone would play Holmes on only one other occasion: in a 1953 play (written by his wife Ouida) that had the ignominy to open and close on the same night. Rathbone would return to films (I particularly enjoy his comic villainy in Casanova’s Big Night and The Court Jester), and the Sherlock Holmes franchise would continue to win over audiences with reissues courtesy of Realart. Somewhere along the way, however, Universal sold the Holmes movies for some quick cash…and its subsequent custodians did not take as good care of them as they should have. When the Rathbone-Bruce Holmes movies were released to DVD by MPI Home Video in 2006, many of them were UCLA Film and Television Archive restorations funded by none other than Mr. Hugh Hefner himself. (Think about that the next time you crack an “I only read it for the articles” joke.)
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Zone 1 Main part of quinta MdD including guest facilities
Zone 2 New part of MdD to be restored as forest zone
Zone 3 Main access road
Zone 4 Separate piece of land belonging to MdD and to be restored as forest zone
Zone 5 Secondary access road
Moinhos do Dão made it through 2017 without any damage from the fires that ripped through Central Portugal in the summer and fall. The fires destroyed more than half a million hectares of forest, agricultural lands, monocultures, 850 houses and 450 businesses...and left 104 people dead. It was really just luck that no fires made it to our part of the Dão valley. Some of you might remember the MdD had fires on its 'doorstep' in the past. It can happen anywhere. Many friends and colleagues were not as lucky—they lost their livelihood, homes and the forest around them.
Everybody in Portugal knows this was a man-made disaster that has been in the making for many years. The combination of factors such as inadequate property laws, short-term-gain mindset, cultural disconnection from nature and climate change has proven to be very dangerous.
The worst fire year in Portuguese history...what's next?
Even though fires have been troubling Portugal for many decades the scale and intensity of the fires of 2017 were 'the next level'. It is heartening to see many new civilian and federal initiatives for reforestation and policy changes, to revive what was lost and try to prevent this from happening again. The severity of the fires and the damage caused have literally and figuratively created space for doing things differently. We are joining in the effort by being pro active in our area. But so much still has to change on the level of lawmaking, economy, culture etc. and this will take time and persistence...in other words: there is a long way to go.
Portugal, as well as the Moinhos do Dão, need all the help they can get to stay green and safe. At our quinta we have always been active with fire prevention and safety measures by cleaning the lands around us and having extra pumps and hoses installed. As conditions change, with more hectares of highly flammable eucalyptus and pine plantations around us and a hotter and drier climate, we need to do more.
We are reaching out to you, our network of friends of the Moinhos,
to ask for your help so we can realize the:
Moinhos do Dão – Fire Prevention Campaign
Fire Prevention Plan
Create a larger fire barrier around the main quinta (zone 1), including the restoration of the native (cooler and more humid) ecosystem around the quinta. To make the Moinhos more safe for ourselves and our guests, and so that nature can keep thriving in this piece of 'paradise' in the Dão river valley.
Once a fire has started it needs 2 things to keep going: oxygen and flammable materials. We cannot remove oxygen from the equation, but we can remove flammable materials (cleaning) and make it harder for them to grow back. We will remove the forest understory of dry shrubs and support the remaining and new trees to grow tall and bring back a healthy forest that can keep the hillside cool and retain water in the ground. Our strategy for making it impossible for the dry shrubbery to grow back is: pulling them out root and all (instead of cutting them down), covering the soil with mulch, and planting native trees where needed.
We will do mainly cleaning work along the two access roads (3 and 5 on the map) and cleaning, mulching and planting work on two pieces of land we own on the edge of the quinta (2 and 4 on the map). Once this work is done it will be harder for a fire to reach us. In the other areas that surround the quinta (as you can see on the map) our neighbor is doing cleaning work as well. When our project is completed it will actually be possible to do annual maintenance on all the zones for continual, long lasting fire-prevention.
1. Remove 'fire hazard materials' from all zones on the edge of the quinta (zones 2,3,4 and 5) such as mimosa trees (invasive and highly flammable species), shrubs, brambles and other flammable plant matter.
2. Turn this material into chips/mulch to cover the soil, bring the carbon back into the ground and protect the soil from eroding and drying out. (zones 2 and 4)
3. Plant broad leaf native trees to create a fire brake (cooler and more humid type of forest). (zones 2 and 4)
February till end of 2018 - reach out to network with the Fire Prevention Campaign
April till end of June - remove as much flammable materials as possible & chip on site
October till end of 2018 - continue to remove flammable materials, chip on site and plant broad leaf native trees.
You can help in three ways:
1. Donate to the Fire Prevention Fund.
The estimated the costs of making Moinhos do Dão more safe from fires are € 4300,-.
€ 2600 for hiring a local business with a crew and the right machinery for the cleaning of fire hazard materials from 1.5 hectares of land in zones 2 and 4
€ 450 buying two 'Weed Wrenches' for pulling out shrubs
€ 550 for hiring an industrial chipper
€ 300 for buying trees
€ 400 for feeding the volunteers that will work on this project with us during the year.
With our own money and the first donations from family we have collected € 1200,-
Please help us reach our goal to make the Moinhos more safe so nature can keep thriving and people can keep enjoying this little 'paraíso' in the Dão river valley.
1. Online donation Platform - GoFundMe
2. Per PayPall account - firstname.lastname@example.org
3. Per Bank transfer - Bank Account number IBAN PT50 0018 000039157465001 36, Moinhos do Dão Act Turisticas
ALL LEVELS OF DONATIONS FROM € 5 to € 3000 🙂 ARE APPRECIATED!
GIFT FOR THE GIVER: donations of € 30 and above will receive an A3 high quality print of our home made 'Summer Fruits' poster (see below). Don't forget to send us your address!
GIVE TO STAY: in return for donations above € 500 we offer a free stays at the quinta. Contact us for more information.
2. Lending a hand.
Join the crew for a clean up week in April (14-21) or a clean up and planting week in November (3-10). Enjoy free room and great food at Moinhos do Dão in return for 6-7 hours of group work. Maximum number of participants is 10 and the minimum participation is 3 days.
Volunteers are welcome to stay longer for free before and after the week!
3. Tell a friend of our project and needs. Maybe he/she is willing to donate or lend a hand!?
Thank you for your help and consideration!!
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Beware Mcafee. I have just downloaded a Mcafee Livesafe card code (purchased from Currys) onto two (laptop and older desktop) systems. The experience has been a nightmare,on each system there was a "problem" with the download which necessitated considerable interaction with a very pleasant gentleman (apparently on a Mcafee site) with an Indian accent.
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Recovery and management after a dry season
Drought Extension Program team, Agriculture Victoria
This article summarises things to consider to improve short- and longer-term recovery from a dry period when stock have been on hand feeding.
The key considerations around releasing sheep from stock containment areas (SCAs) onto green pastures are:
- adapting them to consume green pasture after having been on full grain diets
- continuing to manage groundcover
- maximising winter pasture growth.
Ideally, sheep are held in the SCA until pastures have attained around 1200 kilograms of dry matter per hectare (kg DM/ha) of green pasture, allowing ongoing, rapid growth through winter, and protecting the soil after release of sheep.
SCAs were most recently used widely in Victoria to protect soil and pastures in 2006, and a survey of producers was conducted then. In the north-east and Kerang areas, sheep had been contained for between three and six months.
Some producers were forced to release sheep earlier than ideal for pastures, as a result of wet and muddy SCAs. The feedback from farmers in 2006 was that those who released stock while continuing grain feeding had no problems. This approach:
- helps animals adapt to the new diet
- helps ensure that they are getting adequate feed
- can reduce some of the potential risks of plant poisoning.
Be careful not to release hungry stock onto short phalaris pastures, as phalaris toxicity and sudden death can occur, particularly after a prolonged dry period. Feeding sheep before release (releasing them with a full stomach) and monitoring closely for the first couple of days is worthwhile. Grazing high-risk pastures with a small monitor mob of wethers first may also be a useful test, before grazing with high-value ewes.
Nitrate poisoning was considered a risk following the 2006 drought, as a result of sheep hungrily devouring high-nitrate pastures (for example, capeweed). However, most cases of nitrate poisoning occurred well after release from SCAs, even though a number of farmers released sheep onto capeweed, and most released onto pastures that had more than 1000kg DM/ha.
There are usually sporadic reports about calcium deficiency in ewes after drought. It is worth continuing to provide calcium as a supplement to ewes about to lamb, even when grain feeding ceases. Provision of roughage can also assist in mineral metabolism. The theory behind ongoing calcium deficiency is that peak demand for calcium is at the end of pregnancy and early in lactation. Ewes are unable to mobilise sufficient calcium from their bone stores, so continuing with supplementary limestone provides enough additional calcium absorbed through the intestines.
Worms will be the other big disease issue to monitor as the autumn progresses, with weaners and lambing ewes particularly at risk. As ewes get close to lambing, their immunity to worms drops. Stock lighter in condition than ideal and/or on low nutrition will be more susceptible and will crash more quickly, so do some regular worm tests on key mobs from six weeks after the autumn break.
If you want to restock by purchasing sheep, follow key biosecurity steps to make sure you don't bring in another problem — for example, weed seeds, lice or footrot. Your stock containment areas provide a good option for quarantining and monitoring bought-in stock.
Guidelines for introducing stock:
- Check animals for health status before purchasing.
- Purchase livestock from suppliers who have a food safety or quality assurance program, and can provide information about animal treatments and the health status of their animals such as a National Vendor Declaration (NVD) or Sheep Health Statement.
- Segregate, observe and treat (as required) newly introduced animals.
- Ensure that introduced livestock have had time to empty out after delivery, before their release onto paddocks.
- For livestock that leave and return to the property (for example, following agistment), assess their vulnerability to infection, hygiene arrangements and contact with other livestock while they were away. If risky, separate them from other livestock. Observe and treat (if needed) the animals before returning them to their companions.
- Inspect and maintain adequate boundary fences.
- Keep vulnerable stock away from livestock of unknown health status.
- Follow the National Livestock Identification System (NLIS) requirements specific to the species and jurisdiction.
- Take additional precautions if buying through saleyards, as these represent a high biosecurity risk.
For more information visit Farm Biosecurity.
To reduce your risk of bringing in drench resistance, sheep need to be quarantine drenched. WormBoss guidelines are as follows:
- Assume that purchased sheep are carrying worms with some degree of drench resistance to one or more drench groups.
- 'Quarantine' drench all sheep new to the property (particularly if sheep or rams are from a higher-rainfall district where drench resistance is more common).
- Use a combination of no less than four unrelated drench actives, with at least one of these being monepantel (Zolvix®) or derquantel (with abamectin – Startect®). This can be done using multi-active (combination) and/or single-active products concurrently – drench sheep along the race with one product, then administer the next.
- Do not mix different drenches in the drenching pack unless the label states you can, as different products may be incompatible.
- Quarantine the sheep after treatment. Hold them in yards (small mobs) or a secure paddock (larger mobs) for at least 3 days to allow worm eggs present at the time of drenching to pass out of the gut.
- Provide adequate feed and water while the sheep are in quarantine.
- Keep the quarantine paddock free of sheep, goats or alpacas for 3 to 4 months in cooler weather, and 4 to 6 weeks when it is hot and dry (above 35°C during the day).
After quarantine, release the sheep, if possible, onto a paddock that is likely to be contaminated with worm larvae due to grazing by other sheep. This will 'dilute' (lower the proportion of) resistant worms surviving treatment with worm larvae already on your property.
If possible, WormTest the imported sheep 10 to 14 days after drenching for added confidence that treatment was successful.
One good thing about not growing much pasture in the drought years will be lower nutrient use, which means that there may be less need for fertiliser inputs such as phosphorus and potassium this year. Soil test results after droughts are usually higher than expected, especially in paddocks in which fertiliser was applied in the previous year, so reducing inputs may be a possibility to aid cash flow recovery.
Consider the following options to prioritise your fertiliser inputs:
- If paddocks are higher than the target P (phosphorus), consider either a below-maintenance application or none at all. A regular monitoring program using soil tests conducted at accredited laboratories will help you target the right nutrients for the right paddocks, providing peace of mind when making the decision to leave fertiliser off in years such as this.
- Prioritise fertiliser applications to paddocks with a good perennial base (first) and paddocks to be sown down.
- For paddocks that previously had a high percentage of weeds (for example, silver grass), consider either a maintenance rate only or not fertilising for this season (if funds are tight).
- If you have reduced stock numbers, the required maintenance rates of P may be lower.
- Buying in fodder such as hay and grain imports some key nutrients, including P, potassium (K), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). However, if sheep have been fed in SCAs, these imported nutrients will have been applied only to the SCA.
Now is a good time to review your fertiliser strategy for the year. Agriculture Victoria staff can run group workshops to assist producers with the decisions required to review fertiliser strategies. Contact your local DEDJTR Agriculture Victoria office if you are interested.
Many pastures will be run down after dry years, and weeds may become more prevalent. If hay or grain have been bought in, check all paddocks where the grain or hay has been fed out, as they may be a source of new weeds that can be quickly brought under control.
For perennial pastures that have been good in recent years, experience suggests not being too hasty to rush in and resow. If there is still a reasonable base, grazing management and some weed control may be a cheaper and more successful option to provide recovery. Thin pastures may benefit from a top-up with new species, which may be a cheaper option than resowing. SCAs are an increasingly used tool that can be used to protect both soil (and its associated nutrients) and pasture in dry seasons.
As we move into the winter period, N (as urea) and gibberellic acid can increase winter feed availability, if pasture species and fertility are adequate (see Sheep Notes, autumn 2014, 'Boosting winter feed with additives').
Soil and erosion risks
Heavy rains can cause quite a lot of damage if they occur before some decent groundcover is established. If you do experience heavy rains, keep a check on sensitive soil conservation works, table drains and access tracks.
Washing of soil and sheep manure into dams can cause significant water quality problems. Stock may not drink the dirty water or may become sick if they do. Setting up sediment traps with straw bales or shade cloth to reduce inflows might allow you to prevent major water storages from filling with sediments.
More information is available on our Managing dams page.
Preparing for the next drought
Hopefully, the next drought is a fair way off, but, given our inherent climate variability, we will continue to experience dry seasons. Document your experiences — noting what worked and didn't work this time around — with feeding infrastructure (for example, storage space, feed-out equipment), stock rations, pasture recovery, soil management and so on. This knowledge may help you to start to plan for future infrastructure needs now (for example, SCAs, better water or feed storage) or prevent you from making the same mistakes next time. These records will remind you, family members and staff what you did this time, and what got you through.
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The NGISC report does not find evidence that lotteries specifically target poor people. It makes sense that they wouldn’t target the poor, as most people buy tickets outside of their neighborhoods. Yet, many areas associated with low-income residents are also frequented by higher-income workers and shoppers. And because most residential areas have few stores and gas stations, they are less likely to be the location of a lottery outlet. In addition, people who have higher incomes are often more likely to purchase lottery tickets from areas associated with high-income residents.
Legal minimum age to play lottery
In many countries, the legal minimum age to play the lottery varies, making it difficult to buy a ticket for those under a certain age. However, there is some good news for those over the minimum age limit. In Australia, France, Germany, and Italy, the legal age to play the lottery is eighteen. The age to play in the Bahamas is twenty-one. However, it is important to note that the minimum age to play the lottery in the United States is sixteen.
Economic benefits to education
The economic benefits of the lottery to education are debated by many. Some argue that the money raised by the lottery is wasted while others say the money is only used for gambling. The purpose of this article is to clarify the main economic benefits of lottery funding for education. It depends on the lottery’s allocation process. There are other benefits of lottery funding for education as well. But the real question is, how can lottery revenue be used to benefit public education?
Advocacy by proponents for a lottery
The lottery proceeds have the potential to support social projects and other programs. In many countries, proceeds from the lottery help finance the work of civil society organizations. In this article, we examine lottery distribution models both in and outside of Europe, including who operates the lottery, how the proceeds are distributed, and what kinds of organizations are supported. We also highlight examples of innovative lottery models, as well as information available in English.
Advertising by lotteries
The aim of lottery advertising is to entice the general public to join in the gambling fun by promoting the game in poor areas. The lottery operators actively stimulate this by using mass media advertising. UK lottery advertising slogans appeal to people’s charitable instincts by giving them the impression they have a chance of winning. However, lottery advertisements are not without controversy. Despite these problems, lottery advertising continues to be a popular way for lotteries to raise money and support charities.
Influence of European lotteries
Using a large administrative sample of lottery participants, we estimate the long-run influence of lottery wealth on the three most common outcomes: health, labour supply, and occupational choice. We also include the underlying data in Table 3.
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Stop the Block: Proposed Block Grants of School Meals Programs Put Hungry Kids at RiskNutrition
With the newly marked-up Improving Child Nutrition and Education Act of 2016 (H.R. 5003) recently moving through the House Education and the Workforce Committee on a strictly partisan vote, it is time to confront the ill-advised provisions that make Representative Todd Rokita’s (R-IN) bill deeply troubling in nature. The bill threatens to increase food insecurity for already needy children under the guise of an improved and more efficient system. In order to truly provide children with the proper meals and nutrition that are essential during their most formative years, we need to expand access to healthy meals throughout the year rather than create even more uncertainty for struggling families. Specifically, First Focus strongly opposes the bill’s provision that proposes block grants on child nutrition programs for up to three states, which would provide insufficient funds and abandon the science-based standards enacted under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act.
The bill is riddled with potentially damaging provisions, in which the beneficiaries of school meal programs would be hit the hardest. Sadly, those beneficiaries happen to be disadvantaged children. Some of the provisions in question include: cutting coverage for the community eligibility provision, increasing verification paperwork, lowering nutrition standards for school meals, and limiting the effectiveness Summer Food Service Program and the Child and Adult Care Food Program. These misguided proposals would, in turn, lead to not only fewer children receiving the food they need, but would lower the quality of meals as well.
However, the most troubling aspect of H.R. 5003 is the three state school meal block grant demonstration that aims to replace the School Breakfast, National School Lunch, and Special Milk programs. Under a block grant, the funding for these programs would be capped at the amount that a state received in Fiscal Year 2016. The various current reimbursements that schools receive for providing free or reduced price meals are not included in the proposed block grants, thus limiting the incentive for schools to provide affordable meals.
Despite the bill’s attempts to disguise the block grant as something more revolutionary and flexible, school meal programs will simply be thrown into the mix along with a number of other social service programs, and their funding will inevitably shrink. Depleted funding is not acceptable for these programs considering that children’s healthy development hangs in the balance. Along with cuts in funding, states will also have the discretion to determine which children are eligible for free or reduced-price meals and ignore any national nutrition standards. It is clear that these block grants would inevitably decrease the number of hungry children that receive the meals they need.
Ending child hunger should without a doubt be a bipartisan issue; however, the Improving Child Nutrition and Education Act of 2016 relinquishes this notion. The repercussions of this bill, if passed, would be far more detrimental to this country than the marginal amounts of money that it saves the government. There is no price tag on a child’s health, therefore we cannot allow the passage of a bill that directly hinders the welfare of children and allows for them to miss out on vital meals.
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Welcome to the town of Asbestos, Quebec. These daylights,’ asbestos’ is a word witha sense of doom attached to it. But when this mine was opened in thelate 19 th century, that really wasn’t the case. Which is why they identified the city after it. This pit precisely now was the biggestasbestos mine in the world. Asbestos is a mineral, easily mined in quarries like this. It can be turned into strong, cheap, fire-resistant insulation, and it was used in a huge numberof construct jobs in the 20 th century.Either as large-hearted insulation blocks, or inceiling tiles, or only sprayed on as cladding. It was a miracle substance: it is possible to even be woven into garment, likemilitary uniforms or firefighters’ gloves. The catch is that it’s made up ofmicroscopic little fibrous quartzs. If you violate asbestos, drop it, sandpaper it, turn it into insularity and spray it around, those little fibres get into the airand build up in people’s lungs. Decades last-minute, people who’ve worked with absestos, or lived near an asbestos quarry, they tend to develop a particularly nastytype of cancer announced mesothelioma. Any showing to asbestos substances, nonetheless small-minded, can be dangerous. And in this town, there was sometimes so muchasbestos dust in the air that minors could write their honours in itwhen it settled.We know all that now, so: why haven’t they converted the figure? In 2006, the town’s then-mayortried to change it, but the idea was elected down. And I wanted to find out why, but no-one fromthe town wanted to talk to me. I emailed quite a few plazas, the local government, the historical society. Everyone either said no, they weren’t interested, or just didn’t reply. They were polite, of course, they’re Canadian, but it wasn’t for them. And it took me perhaps a little bit too longto realise why. The name entices beings like meand observers looks just like you. I knew this video was going to be titled”A Town Called Asbestos” right away, it’s the self-evident entitle, it’s got a ring to it. Which is why there’s already a five-part serieson YouTube from 2011 announced precisely that, developed in partnership by a researcher who devote yearswith this town. She turned her PhD into a volume, too titled”A Town Called Asbestos”. Vice.com published a seriesby a German photojournalist, titled “A Town Called Asbestos”.All the time, beings turn out now, to documentThe Town with The Name. Some of them, like this author, are thorough and sympathetic and take decades of autobiography into account. Some aren’t. Some time set up a camera by the mine overlook, come on for a couple of hours and movie something. Others don’t even tour, they just make funof them from the other side of the world.”Why? Because the town’s epithet is Asbestos.”[ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER] How do you feel about the call? Why don’t you change it? They’ve answered these same questionsfor years, and I believe they’revery, very tired of it. The clearest answer that I’ve feel is froman interview in the Globe and Mail in 2016. Ghislain Tessier, vice-president of a localchamber of exchange, said: “Asbestos was our lives.It was our heritage.” And I think that’s the key to why this townis still announced Asbestos. Because, yes, for most of the world, the name is alarming. But now, that’s tempered with the fact thatthis mine, like a coal quarry or a gold mine, it was how people prepared their living. Mass of beings worked in the excavation, and their parents, and their grandparents, and their great-grandparents. It was part of their identity, a mineral thatthe world wanted to use, it was impelled right here by them, and it saved men, and it truly was something to be proud of.Asbestos, and this mine, was defended by thefolks who worked now. In’ 97, just after France censored asbestos, four males from this city, four members of the luckier ones, ranged the Paris Marathon. And they were commended in a statementin Canada’s Parliament for showing that the risks weren’t that immense. Because the risks were drastically downplayedby the managers and by authority. Even after the world at large agreedhow hazardous asbestos is, economics and the desire for profit meantthat it was still quarried for decades now. This mine exclusively closed down in 2012. It’s only been a few years. Maybe the reputation will change, if exclusively to stop jolts like me coming alongand going,’ ooh, look at this place ‘. But not just yet. Dr Jessica van Horssen’s book is the definitivehistory of the town and the pit, a good deal of this video is based on it, and Ithoroughly recommend it ..
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stilpnomelane A phyllosilicate (sheet silicate) similar to biotite with the formula (K,Na,Ca)0–1.4(Fe2+,Fe3+,Mg,Al,Mn)5.9–8.2 [Si8O20](OH)4(OH,F)3.6–8.5; sp. gr. 2.59–2.96; hardness 3.0–4.0; properties similar to those of biotite; found in metamorphosed iron- and manganese-rich sedimentary deposits and in some glaucophane schists.
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puszta , puszta Hungarian grassland, similar to the North American prairie. puszta Hungarian grassland, similar to the N. American prairie. Hornblende , Hornblende hornblende An important rock-forming silicate mineral and member of the amphiboles, particularly the calcium-rich monoclinic amphiboles; i… Similarity Coefficient , similarity coefficient Any measure of the similarity of two samples. In ecological work the similarity index devised in 1920 by H. A.Gleason has been… Al-kashi , Al-Kāsh Al-Kāshī (or Al-Kāshānī), Ghiyāth Al-Dīn Jamshīd Mas’ūd (b. Kāshān, Iran; d. Samarkand [now in Uzbek, U.S.S.R], 22 June 1429) astronomy, math… Analogous Variation , analogous variation Those features with similar functions which have developed independently in unrelated taxonomic groups, in response to a similar… Ornamental Ironwork , ironwork, ornamental ornamental ironwork: The shaping of wrought iron, used almost exclusively until the 16th cent., is primarily an art of the black…
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Fort Trinity (2)
Fort Trinity (2) (1863-1864) - A temporary U.S. Civil War era fortification established in 1863 at the Overland Mail Eight Mile Station in White Pine County, Nevada. The origin of the name Fort Trinity is not known. Abandoned as a fortification in 1864, continued in use as an Overland station until 1869.
History of Fort Trinity
Established as a military field camp in 1863 during the Overland War of 1863 at the Overland Mail Eight Mile Station. Detachments of troops from Fort Douglas (then Camp Douglas) were posted at the station to protect the Overland mail route from Gosh-Utes Indian attacks.
The Overland War of 1863 began when the Gosh-Utes under War Chief White Horse attacked the Eight Mile Station on 22 Mar 1863. The Gosh-Utes killed the station keeper and the driver of an arriving stage and then burned down Eight Mile Station. Emboldened by their success, they raided stations from Salt Lake City to Schell Creek.
The new U.S. military command at Fort Douglas in Salt Lake City sent Company K of the 2nd California Volunteer Cavalry under Captain S. P. Smith to protect the Overland stations at Eight Mile Station and Fort Ruby.
Company E, 3rd California Volunteer Infantry was sent to provide guards for Overland route stages between Austin, Nevada and Salt lake City, Utah. The troops were divided up, about four to each station, and two were assigned to each stage run as protection, returning on the next stage in the opposite direction.
The remainder of Company K then took the fight to the Gosh-Utes, who were still raiding stations and killing employees. The war continued with losses to both side until the Gosh-Utes returned to the reservation in 1864. The troops were removed from their duties at Eight Mile Station and the other Overland stations.
Abandoned as a fortification in 1864. The station was rebuilt in 1864 as a horse exchange stop and operated until 1869 when the railroad made the overland route obsolete.
Lewis publishing Company, Nevada, 1904, 760 pages, page 301-305. Google Books Links:
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Do you know that each one of our bones, pound for pound, are 4 occasions stronger than concrete, and inch for inch stronger than metal? Reaching peak bone density at round age 30, our bone power can begin to decline as we head towards middle-age. However maintaining our bones sturdy and wholesome is necessary regardless of how outdated we’re.
In america alone, it’s estimated that about 8 million ladies and a pair of million males at present have osteoporosis, a illness the place bones can grow to be fragile, weak, and brittle and are at an elevated threat for breaks and fractures. What’s much more regarding is that one other 34 million Individuals at present have low bone density, which is only a stepping stone away from the beginnings of osteoporosis. Whereas a decline in bone-protecting estrogen throughout menopause for ladies can contribute to bone loss at an earlier stage in life, on the age of 65, males lose bone mass at about the identical price. (1)
A couple of components that may contribute to low bone density embrace smoking, ingesting alcohol, lack of train, ageing, sure illnesses and using sure medication like corticosteroids. (2) However, one of the vital crucial components in maintaining our bones dense and wholesome all through our lives is consuming a balanced, nutrient-rich weight loss plan.
Listed here are the among the most necessary vitamins to assist preserve optimum bone-health:
One of the crucial necessary vitamins for maintaining sturdy wholesome bones is calcium. When our bone tissue is growing, it’s constructed from a body of collagen proteins. This supplies bones a little bit of flexibility, nevertheless it’s then stuffed in with calcium crystals and different supporting minerals to harden bones for final power and help. The truth is, about 99% of all of the calcium in our physique is saved within the bones. (3)
Calcium-rich milk and dairy merchandise like yogurt are sometimes praised as being essential to construct sturdy wholesome bones. Whereas they’re supply of calcium, plant-based meals like leafy greens (like kale), edamame, tofu, broccoli, almonds, kidney beans, and even sardines and salmon with bones may also provide help to get your every day calcium. Calcium is so necessary for bone-health that it’s typically added to meals like fortified cereals and orange juice.
As the 4th most ample mineral in our physique, with about 60% saved in our bones, magnesium is a key bone-building nutrient that almost all of us aren’t getting sufficient of. Not solely is magnesium very important to our bone well being and power, it’s additionally necessary for regulating calcium. Research have proven that adults who devour extra magnesium by meals and dietary supplements have a greater, more healthy bone mass density total (4).
Not solely is magnesium wanted for sturdy bones, it’s additionally concerned in over 300 chemical reactions within the physique together with protein synthesis, regulating blood sugar ranges and blood strain, sustaining coronary heart, muscle and nerve perform, and a protracted listing of different advantages.
As useful as magnesium is, it’s believed about 80% of the inhabitants are poor, even after we’re consuming a nutritious diet. Frequent indicators of magnesium deficiency are issues like muscle twitches, sore muscular tissues, complications, and nervousness. Lifestyle components like stress, illness, publicity to environmental air pollution, ingesting espresso, ingesting soda and alcohol, and even consuming an excessive amount of sugar can all scale back absorption and even deplete magnesium and calcium from the physique.
Magnesium wealthy meals to assist preserve bone density embrace leafy greens, nuts, seeds, darkish chocolate, avocados, beans, and avocados. Supplementing with magnesium is at all times really useful since it may be tough to get all of the magnesium you want from weight loss plan alone.
3. Vitamin D
Vitamin D, generally known as the sunshine vitamin, is just not solely an necessary nutrient for immune well being, nevertheless it’s additionally crucial for the physique to soak up calcium. (5) Meaning for those who’re poor in vitamin D, the calcium isn’t going to have the ability to get to your bones the place it’s wanted. Vitamin D could be present in eggs, fortified meals, and sure mushrooms, nevertheless it’s extraordinarily tough to get all you want from meals. The simplest approach to get vitamin D is thru publicity to daylight. Midday has been discovered to be essentially the most environment friendly time to get essentially the most vitamin D, with the least quantity of threat. About 20 minutes is all you want. (6)
A vitamin D complement is the following finest approach to preserve your vitamin D ranges up all year long, as meals sources might not present sufficient. That is very true for those who reside in a chilly local weather, spend a whole lot of time indoors, or you have got darker pores and skin, which may make absorbing vitamin D harder. If you happen to’re uncertain that your vitamin D ranges are wholesome, a easy blood check at your subsequent physician’s appointment is really useful.
Despite the fact that boron is a mineral we solely want in hint quantities, it nonetheless performs an necessary function in rising and sustaining sturdy wholesome bones. Boron helps bone regeneration and mineralization on the mobile degree, nevertheless it additionally has an necessary relationship with calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. Boron helps the physique to retain these vitamins by stopping them from being misplaced by urination.
What’s additionally wonderful, is that boron has been proven in research to assist enhance circulating vitamin D3 ranges by growing its bioavailability and decreasing the time it takes for it to interrupt down, also called its half-life. (7)
Whereas science continues to be unraveling boron’s function within the physique, there’s at present no set really useful every day consumption for boron. It’s believed 1 to three milligrams per day is adequate. Boron is discovered naturally in meals like fruits and veggies like leafy greens, nuts, dried beans, milk and even espresso.
5. Vitamin K2
Additionally necessary for maintaining bones sturdy is fat-soluble Vitamin Ok. Whereas one type, generally known as Vitamin K1, prompts enzymatic proteins accountable for blood clotting, Vitamin K2 prompts a protein known as osteocalcin that’s necessary in bone-building. Osteocalcin additionally makes certain that calcium is directed to our bones and never on the partitions of our arteries or our coronary heart the place it will probably type a plaque that may ultimately result in coronary heart illness. (8)
Whereas K1 could be present in leafy greens like kale and spinach, Vitamin K2 is present in a lot smaller quantities in aged cheeses, dairy, and meats. One of the crucial naturally wealthy meals sources of vitamin K2 is natto. A well-liked breakfast meals in Japan, natto is made by fermenting soybeans with a micro organism known as Bacillus subtilis. With a tough to explain taste that may differ, natto has an uncommon sticky, stringy texture and a pungent style that may be salty, tacky and nutty. If you happen to’re not up for incorporating natto into your weight loss plan, you possibly can complement with K2 to ensure your bones keep wholesome and dense.
Silica, one of the vital ample minerals within the earth’s crust, is one other one of the vital necessary minerals for bone well being.
The truth is, early research have uncovered that silicon works to attract calcium into bone and it’s twenty 5 occasions extra concentrated in newly forming bones or bones which are regenerating. And bones with the next silica focus have been proven to be stronger with extra resistance to breaking. In each males and premenopausal ladies, greater intakes of silicon have been linked with elevated bone mineral density and decrease charges of hip fractures. (9)
It’s finest to get silica by plant-based sources as a standard meals; the complement additive, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is just not effectively absorbed. You may get silica in meals like cereals, grains, bananas, lentils, and veggies like inexperienced beans. However one of many richest, plant-based, soluble sources of silica is the herb horsetail. An in depth relative of the fern discovered all through elements of Europe, Asia, North America, the Center East, horsetail has been used medicinally relationship again to the traditional Romans and Greeks. Not solely is the plant-based silica in horsetail nice for sturdy bones, it’s additionally useful for sturdy wholesome hair, nails, and pores and skin. (10)
When to Attempt a Bone-Supporting Complement
Staying energetic with train, getting loads of sunshine, and consuming a nutritious diet with a lot of protein and mineral-rich meals are the cornerstones to maintaining bones wholesome all through your life. However, even when we’re technically doing all the pieces proper, it may be tough to know if we’re really getting all of the vitamins our bones want. As we age, it may be more durable for our physique to maintain our bones sturdy, however weak bones don’t should be a standard a part of ageing. That’s why taking a balanced, bone-supporting complement every day could be an efficient approach to preserve them wholesome. This fashion you possibly can preserve transferring, break and ache free.
Sadly, many dietary supplements focused for bones typically are available giant, chalky and laborious to swallow capsules with components that may be laborious to soak up. That’s why we love Flora Well being’s Bone Well being+™ liquid method for every day bone help. Made with meals, plant-based, and naturally derived components, together with vitamin K2 from natto and silica from horsetail, this pure method encompasses a physique pleasant 2.5:1 ratio of calcium to magnesium in a type your physique can simply take in.
Vegan and gluten-free, Bone Well being+™ additionally:
- Contains calcium’s helper vitamins, vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 (from natto) that work collectively synergistically to maintain bones wholesome
- Presents useful hint minerals like boron in an ocean mineral focus for optimum bone power
- Makes use of silica-rich horsetail herb for straightforward absorbability
- Might be taken straight or combined into water, tea or smoothies
Not solely is it made with plant and naturally-derived components, however this liquid bone method is definitely scrumptious! Tangy, candy, and made with pear and orange juice focus, Bone Well being+ is so good that you just’ll look ahead to taking it on a regular basis. And your bones will thanks!
Regardless of your age or life-style, serving to to help your bone well being with a every day, pure, plant-based complement like Bone Well being+ is an effective way to provide your bones the constructing blocks they should keep wholesome. With meals primarily based vitamins which are straightforward to soak up, your bones will get the vitamins they should preserve you transferring.
Go to FloraHealth.com now to study extra about Bone Well being+ or click on right here to order.
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It's a fun experience to play with a convex Baroque bow, but if you've ever tried to use it for anything romantic or later, you'll quickly want to get back to the concave Tourte design that everybody has nowadays.
The thing with convex bows is that they bounce around like mad. This can work quite well for the elegant-rhythmic dance feel of Baroque and early Classical music. But it works completely against you if you need biting attack and/or dramatic long tenuto notes. With such a playing style, a baroque bow feels like immersing styrofoam in water: the string seems to outright repel the bow. Whereas a Tourte bow can pretty easily be forced to “sink into he string” for straight sustained notes.
Some “historically informed” performers do use convex bows for Baroque music, but it's not like a Tourte bow doesn't still have some bounce and can convey that gracious character, especially when held in “Baroque position” (i.e. closer to the center of gravity, rather than right at the frog).
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The World Stories Project is “a growing collection of traditional and new stories representing the 21 most commonly spoken languages by children across the UK. These stories can be read, listened to and downloaded in English and their original language.” It also has an extensive collection of teacher resources, including lesson plans. And it’s all free!
It’s an extraordinarily impressive site, and I’m grateful to Barbara Hoskins Sakamoto for sending a tweet about it.
I’m adding the site to three “The Best…” lists:
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The sheltopusik is a large glass lizard found in Europe and Asia. It is tan colored, paler on the ventral surface and the head, with a ring-like/segmented appearance that makes it look like a giant earthworm with a distinctive fold of skin down each side, called a lateral groove. Small rear legs that measure around 2 mm are sometimes visible near the cloaca. Though the legs are barely discernible, the sheltopusik can be quickly distinguished from a snake by its ears, eyelids, and ventral scales.
Diurnal animals are active during the daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. The timing of activity by an animal depends ...
A carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of a...
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct ...
Oviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
Precocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normall...
NoNot a migrant
Animals that do not make seasonal movements and stay in their native home ranges all year round are called not migrants or residents.
Sheltopusiks are found from Southern Europe to Central Asia. They prefer dry habitats and live in the open country, such as short grassland, sparsely wooded hills, vegetated rocky slopes, foothills, valleys of the river, shrubs, or near to human settlements.
Sheltopusiks are solitary diurnal reptiles. They and most active in wet weather when they come out to hunt for their favorite prey snails and slugs. Due to their size, sheltopusiks usually respond to harassment by hissing, biting, and musking. They are less likely to drop off their tail than some other species that display caudal autotomy. However, these occasional displays of caudal autotomy are responsible for the name "glass lizard" (or "glass snake"). The released tail may break into pieces, leading to the myth that the lizard can shatter like glass and reassemble itself later. In reality, if the tail is lost, it grows back slowly, but is shorter and darker; it may grow back to full length as it grows.
The mating system of sheltopusiks is unknown. About 10 weeks after mating, the female lays about 8 eggs, which she hides under bark or a stone, and often guards them. The young hatch after 45 to 55 days. They are typically about 15 cm (5.9 in) long and usually start to eat after 4 days.
There are no major threats to sheltopusiks at present. In some areas of their range, they suffer from habitat loss and may be occasionally killed because of being confused with snakes.
According to IUCN, the sheltopusik is locally common throughout its range but no overall population estimate is available. Currently, this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are stable.
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Switchgear cabinets have an essential role in industry. They house the controls for machines and systems and protect the electrical and electronic components from the dirt, dust, water and mechanical effects that are sometimes present in industrial environments. As a service provider, we develop, design and assemble both conventional and modular switchgear cabinets in accordance with customers’ precise specifications.
Depending on what the customer wants, we produce conventional switchgear cabinets with central controls, sensors, actuators and switching devices where a large number of different parts are used. At LQ we specialise in developing modular concepts for switchgear cabinets to benefit from the many advantages of modular designs. For this we group together individual components to create complete function modules. We then pre-assemble these on an appropriate carrier plate, thus simplifying installation as well as improving process reliability. All modules undergo a comprehensive series of tests before installation and are supplied to our customers complete with circuit diagrams, layouts, parts lists and 3D models.
The modular concept for building switchgear cabinets
Innovative ideas reduce the time required for expensive manufacturing tasks, the effort involved in managing components and machine downtimes yet they also drive important long-term advances in the mechanical and plant engineering sector. One advantage of the modular concept is that, if an electronic circuit develops a fault, it is no longer necessary to carry out an extensive search in the switchgear cabinet for the missing component but instead just the complete function module is changed. This is how LQ has managed to revolutionise the way switchgear cabinets are structured. Our modular control cabinet technology provides the basis for the system with each module containing one defined input, output and software interface each. It is not only the large number of different parts and the assembly throughput times that are reduced through adopting this system: other advantages are the considerable savings in procurement and much lower storage costs.
Greater efficiency with maintenance and retrofitting work
Thanks to the modular structure, a qualified electrician no longer needs to be on site to trace a fault. The connections are easy to disconnect and the module can be exchanged – just unplug and release the old module and then position and connect up the new one. That’s it. This allows spare parts to be fitted with minimal effort and defective modules can be repaired once they have been removed, without having to deal with long machine outages. Switchgear cabinets can even be designed so that additional functions can easily be retrofitted at a later date. The overall assembly time for LQ’s switchgear cabinets is 30% less; there is a 70% saving on building the actual switchgear cabinet, retrofitting time in service is 85% less and the components in the switchgear cabinet have even been reduced by 90%.
We are your partner when it comes to developing and manufacturing switchgear cabinet solutions. Speak to us and find out more on how we can identify hidden potential in your controls.
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Your go-to resource for practical, step-by-step guides on writing lovely school essays and putting collectively an superior school application. These outcomes display that we now have reached the appropriate resolution to concentrate on high quality. Most of our rivals don’t preserve quality standards. This careless approach leads to very uncertain results. We strongly imagine in high quality writing services and sincere, lengthy-standing relationship with happy prospects. Our refined system of quality control ensures the highest normal customized writing of all tutorial papers.
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Please Note: We have listed this article course as a flipbook on this page for those interested in auditing the course/lesson. If you need to report this course for Continuing Education (CE) or need a certificate, please enroll in the course or get a Platinum membership and access all our courses at your leisure. Enrolled students must take and pass the short quiz in order to earn CE credits. In addition, this course needs to be self-reported. Self-reporting information will be accessible once you complete the Quiz.
This course is presented in an ARTICLE format. New to LEED ID+C? Then this is the course for you! Join as we look at 10 things you should know about LEED ID+C.
LEED ID+C is the rating system created for interior renovation and tenant fit-out projects. While this rating system closely aligns with BD+C, the credits and prerequisites are tailored to be applicable for interiors projects. In this course, we will be looking at some of the unique aspects of LEED ID+C, and how it is similar to and different from other LEED rating systems
What you will learn
Identify the three different rating systems included in ID+C, and describe the basic differences among them
Describe the market prevalence of the ID+C rating system, as compared to other LEED rating systems
Describe updates to the LEED v4 ID+C rating system, compared to LEED 2009.
Identify credits within the ID+C rating system that can have the most significant impact on occupant experience and on LEED certification level.
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What machine tool is used for the seam welding machine?
Views : 39
Update time : 2022-06-10 09:23:49
The steel cage roll welding machine of Guangdong roll welding machine is a kind of machine equipment used to manufacture and process steel cages. Because the steel cage has a high requirement for the spacing precision between the stirrups, the general processing technology is not suitable for it. . The appearance of the seam welding machine can not only further improve the work efficiency, but also its quality. Below I will tell you the advantages of the roll welding machine.
1. Faster processing speed: The processing efficiency of Guangdong seam welding machine is very high, and it will not take long for large product workpieces to be processed.
2. The stirrups do not need to be lapped when tightened. Compared with manual work, it saves about 1% of raw materials, which can greatly reduce the construction cost.
3. The main bars are evenly distributed on the circle, which is more convenient when several steel cages are overlapped, which can save the lifting time.
4. Mechanical automatic processing of steel cages, so as to have a stronger guarantee of quality.
5. The seam welding machine adopts the automatic work of CNC machine tools. The interval between the main bars and the coiled bars is uniform, and the diameter of the steel cage is the same, so as to ensure the quality and quantity to meet the requirements, making it more stable and reliable in processing.
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Ruth a ‘Giant’ among Yankees
If McGraw had got his way, this photograph might be one of thousands of Babe Ruth in a Giants uniform. Instead, it's a historical oddity representing a one-time appearance.
Digital Preservation Project
We need your help to preserve priceless treasures housed here in Cooperstown. Make a gift today to help ensure that fans around the world can have online access to the Museum collections and Library archive.
This image comes from a game that the New York Giants played against the Baltimore Orioles of the International League at the Polo Grounds on Oct. 3, 1923. Scheduled on an off day, the game was played to raise money for former Giants’ owner John B. Day and former Giants’ manager Jim Mutrie, both of whom had fallen on hard times. Ruth was penciled into the lineup due to his burgeoning stardom and his connection to the Orioles. Perhaps more importantly, the game gave both Ruth and the Giants the opportunity to stay fresh before the upcoming World Series.
While both the New York Yankees and the New York Giants had a few more regular-season games to play after the Oct. 3 off day, both teams had already clinched their league’s pennant. For the third straight year, the World Series would be an intra-city affair. McGraw and the Giants had triumphed in both 1921 and 1922, and the Yankees had yet to win a World Series championship. If the lineup that McGraw drew up for this exhibition game is anything to go by, he fully intended to claim a third straight title. Aside from Ruth, the Giants starting lineup featured all of its regulars except for catcher Frank Snyder and outfielder Ross Youngs. The defending World Series champions defeated the Orioles 9-3, an accomplishment made less surprising by the fact the Giants fielded several future Hall of Famers and were managed by future Hall of Famer McGraw.
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There seem to be so many people who are depressed that we really should take a look at the causes of depression in the first place. The factors that contribute to depression are well-known and well-researched, but what causes it is not quite understood. New studies have uncovered some of the factors that contribute to the probability of people developing depression.
Stress takes the first place prize. It’s true that any stressful environment or situation can lead to depression. It can be anything such as social stress, getting a job, relationship difficulties, worrying about money, staying up late, lifestyle out of control, pressures of school, and getting good grades. Other events that could cause depression are: death, change of job, moving from one place to another; even the fear of the unknown can cause depression. The list is endless. While these events cannot be avoided, we must come up with effective stress coping mechanisms to be able to thrive even in stressful situations because they are never going to go away. Stressful situations just keep changing.
Drinking and Drugs
People who take drugs and alcohol are more prone to depression. When these substances are used at a young age, they can affect a person’s brain in negative ways. These substances help make the person feel good temporarily, but in most cases, people become addicted.
Drugs release dopamine in the pleasure center of the brain. For example, delicious food boosts dopamine release by about 50 percent. Sex, on the other hand, doubles this number. However, drugs can increase dopamine release anywhere from four to ten times. This unnatural high almost certainly lead to depression after the high goes away. This substance is the surest way to fry brain circuitry.
Drugs make a person depressed more than it makes him happy. This effect will spiral downward until the person doing drugs will want more and more of the substance to break the cycle of depression that follows each high and so the addiction is born.
Not Enough sleep
Studies show that up to 40 percent of adults do not get the proper amount of sleep per day and among students, up to 71 percent complain of sleep disorders and lack of sleep.
Sleep is essential to a person’s health. During sleep, the body repairs itself and reorganizes thought. Lack of sleep contributes to a lack of coherence in brain waves. This scenario often leads to depression. Sleeping during the day and staying up late also interferes with the body’s natural rhythms. This can lead to a sense of depression.
Here are a few ways on how to prevent depression.
Sleep is a vital part of preventing depression. Balance your life with enough rest and exercise every day. Most people require seven to eight hours of sleep per day.
Keep some regularity in your life. Organize your activities, so they can come as expected and at regular times. If your weekly, daily, or monthly routine is set then your body has time to get used to the activities. This will lead to a reduced chance for depression to set in.
Don’t push yourself beyond your limits. Keep stress in check and try to avoid stressors if you can. If this can’t be done, then try to deal with the stressors in a manner that minimizes the damage it causes.
Sunlight and exercise can help the brain to function at a higher level. Make time to enjoy the sunlight and try to stay active in the daylight when possible.
Keep away from alcohol and drugs. They may seem attractive, but all they really do is cause havoc in a person’s life.
Make at least one warm meal daily a priority. Good eating habits and good health are important when keeping away from depression.
Have fun every day. Nothing takes the load off of depression-like some good old fun time. Social activities such as chatting, joining a support group sports, and other hobbies can do wonders towards healing a stressed out and busy mind.
Depression can be avoided and treated, and it can be fun doing so. Follow the above-mentioned tips for a brighter and happier disposition each day. You will look and feel better about it!
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As public dismay over his handling of the economy is on the rise, President Obama will announce a new job training program Wednesday at a Washington, D.C.-area community college.
White House officials say that Mr. Obama will be joined at the Alexandria campus of Northern Virginia Community College by various business leaders to discuss a manufacturing sector job credentialing program. "[T]his is the type of mobilization and all-hands-on-deck effort that is so needed in this economy," National Economic Council Director Gene Sperling told reporters Tuesday, adding, "particularly at this moment and particularly as we hope to see the continued strength that we've seen over the last year in the manufacturing sector and manufacturing jobs."
By asking employers what skill sets they seek from applicants and working with community colleges to offer credentialing in those courses, officials say it's possible they can fill the void.
But while the manufacturing sector holds its own, the perpetually high overall jobless rate is weighing on the minds of Americans who, as campaign 2012 comes into focus, are better known as "voters".
Right now, the numbers are not on Mr. Obama's side. A new Washington Post-ABC News poll shows that 57% of Americans think that the economic recovery has not begun and that about six in ten have a negative view of the president's performance on the economy.
It is in this context that Mr. Obama will make his case Wednesday, where he will be joined by Greg Brown, chairman and CEO of Motorola Solutions and Brad Keywell, co-founder and director of Groupon, Inc. among others. The administration is backing a Manufacturing Institute goal of providing 500,000 community college students with "industry-recognized credentials that will help them get secure jobs in the manufacturing sector," according to a White House press release. Officials say that millions of that industry's employees are age 55 or older and will leave the workforce over the next decade, creating a multitude of job openings.
Meanwhile, the president will hold the second meeting of his jobs council next week, headed by GE's CEO Jeff Immelt. It is those close encounters with industry leaders which reveal the president's efforts to get businesses to hire, say his aides.
"When CEOs express the need for more skilled workers to help them staff good jobs and to encourage more locations in the United States," says Sperling, "the president's response, every time, is you need to help us communicate...what are precisely the skills that are needed to fill those jobs."
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We got this question via email:
Hi. I’ve got a newer Mazda and, while I love the car, there’s a rotten egg smell that I really can’t stand. I asked the dealership and they told me to try a different gas station. Any other advice you can give?
Chances are, if you have this problem, your gasoline source is to blame. Cheap gasoline (or gasoline from an older gas station with old tanks) can be contaminated with sulfur, and during combustion this sulfur can bond with hydrogen to create a compound called hydrogen sulfide that smells terrible.
However, it’s also possible that your vehicle’s catalytic converter or fuel system isn’t functioning correctly. My advice:
1. First I would take the car on a long highway trip (at least 2 hours of continuous use). That can help “clean out” the catalytic converter, which might just cure the problem…you might have purchased a bad batch of gasoline with a lot of sulfur in it, which in turn contaminated the cat. A long drive will burn off most of the sulfur.
2. Depending on the cost, you can try buying an emissions system test. The emissions testing gear can tell you if the catalytic converter is damaged or not working properly. If it’s broken, Mazda will replace it with a copy of the failed test.
However, the odds of your catalytic converter being damaged or not working properly are very low.
3. Check to make sure you’re using the correct octane/grade of fuel. Your vehicle owner’s manual probably recommends 87 or higher, but you should double-check to be sure.
4. Watch for any sort of check engine codes.
5. Try a few different gas stations (one at a time) and see if the smell gets better or worse. You may have to try a couple of tanks full of gas to know for sure if things are improving (it may take several weeks to figure this out).
6. If none of this works, you can try disconnecting your battery for 30 mins. This will reset all your radio presets, but it will also reset your engine computer. I’d try this last as it could make the problem worse.
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|Year : 2022 | Volume
| Issue : 2 | Page : 152-156
Patients characteristic, indications, and complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: A prospective single-center study
Mousa Haji Ahmed
Department of Medicine/College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
|Date of Submission||08-Jan-2022|
|Date of Acceptance||23-Feb-2022|
|Date of Web Publication||30-Jun-2022|
Mousa Haji Ahmed
Department of Medicine/College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Background: Permanent pacemaker implantation is a relatively safe procedure that significantly improves morbidity and mortality among patients with bradyarrhythmias. This study was conducted to determine the patients’ characteristics, indications, and complications of pacemaker implantation. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center, prospective study conducted in Azadi Heart Center, Duhok, Iraq between March 2013 and March 2020. All patients who had indications for permanent pacemaker implantation according to the current guidelines (AHA/ACC) were included and followed up for at least 1 year. Results: The study included 396 patients (242 males [61%] and 154 females [39%]) with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years. The most common presenting symptom was dizziness (63%). Atrioventricular block was the most common indication for pacing in 249 cases (63%), followed by sick sinus syndrome (SSS) in 138 patients (34.8%). The most common mode of pacing was DDD in 234 patients (59%). Among all patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation, 17 patients (4.25%) developed early and late complications. The most common early complication was pocket hematoma seen in four patients (1%), followed by pneumothorax in three patients (0.75%). Among late complications, painful shoulder was the most common affecting four patients (1%). Conclusions: Pacemaker implantation is a relatively safe procedure with a low complication rate. Elderly males were the most common group receiving permanent pacemaker. Dual-chamber (DDD) pacing mode was the most commonly used mode.
Keywords: Atrioventricular block, permanent pacemaker, sick sinus syndrome
|How to cite this article:|
Ahmed MH. Patients characteristic, indications, and complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: A prospective single-center study. Med J Babylon 2022;19:152-6
|How to cite this URL:|
Ahmed MH. Patients characteristic, indications, and complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: A prospective single-center study. Med J Babylon [serial online] 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 13];19:152-6. Available from: https://www.medjbabylon.org/text.asp?2022/19/2/152/349482
| Introduction|| |
Artificial pacemakers are small electronic devices, which use the electric impulses delivered by the electrodes that sense the intrinsic heart rhythm and provide electric stimulation when indicated. The first definitive electronic pacemaker was implanted by Dr. Senning and Elmqvist in Sweden on October 8, 1958 using a thoracotomy to suture two epicardial leads; it lasted only few hours. Since then, for more than 50 years, pace makers have been the treatment for choice for bradyarrhythmia and heart block.
Permanent pacemaker implantation is a minimally invasive and relatively safe procedure that significantly improves morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic bradyarrythmias.,,
Implantation of permanent pacemaker has been steadily increasing worldwide over the last years due to the increasing aging of population.,,,, The incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation increases with age. The median age of implantation as reported in various studies conducted globally ranges from 64 to 77 years with a male predominance, and the percentage of male patients ranging from 53.5% to 60%.,,,
There are three main types of permanent pacemakers. (1) Single-chamber pacemakers (AAI and VVI): only one lead is implanted in the right atrium or right ventricle. (2) Dual-chamber pacemakers (DDD): two leads are implanted, one in the right atrium and another in the right ventricle; this is the most common type of pacing. (3) Biventricular pacemakers; it is also called cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-P): here a third lead is advanced to the coronary sinus for left ventricular pacing. CRT-P is mainly implanted to patients with heart failure, improving symptoms, and quality of life.,
Indications for implantation of permanent pacing as defined by the ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities are atrioventricular block (AVB), sick sinus syndrome (SSS), symptomatic bifasicular, and trifasicular block, symptomatic bradycardia, and chronotropic incompetence.,
Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to determine the patients’ characteristics, indications, and complications of permanent pacemaker implantation.
| Materials and Methods|| |
A prospective study was conducted in Azadi Heart Center, Duhok/Iraq between March 2013 and March 2020. During this period, all patients who had indications for permanent pacemaker implantation according to the current guidelines (AHA/ACC) were included and followed up for at least 1 year.
Patients requiring generator (box) replacement only and patients not coming for regular follow-up were excluded from this study.
Before implant, all selected patients were sent for complete diagnostic workup such as routine lab tests, electrocardiography (ECG), 24-h Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and electrophysiological study when necessary.
All the procedures were performed by a single operator. In all the patients, the procedure was performed under local anesthesia. Pacemaker types were selected according to the patient age, physical activity, electrocardiogram, and ejection fraction by echocardiography. Puncture of left or right subclavian vein by Seldinger technique was performed under fluoroscopy guide, incision was made at the infraclavicular region, and a pocket was formed for the placement of the pacemaker generator. The leads were introduced through sheath into the cardiac chambers then tests for sensing and pacing as well as impedance were assessed at the time of implantation. Postoperatively all patients were examined for any complications such as tamponade, pneumothorax, and hematoma. Also ECG and chest X-ray were taken for all patients both to evaluate lead positioning and to rule out pneumothorax. All patients were kept in hospital for at least 24 h after the procedure, before discharge pacemaker interrogation was performed for checking parameters.
Ten days after discharge all patients were re-examined at follow-up visits at the outpatient clinic for wound care and 4 weeks later for device interrogation, then routine interrogation was performed every 4–6 months thereafter.
Analysis of the data was done using SPSS software.
The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki. It was carried out with patients’ verbal and analytical approval before sample was taken. The study protocol and the subject information and consent form were reviewed and approved by a local ethics committee according to the document number 212 dated 07/01/2013 to get this approval.
| Results|| |
This study included 396 patients, 242 males (61%) and 154 females (49%), with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years. The youngest one was 2 years age and the oldest was 105 years age man. Patients’ characteristics are shown in [Table 1].
The most common presenting symptom was dizziness (63%), easy fatigability (26%), and syncope and presyncope (11%).
AVB was the most common indication for pacemaker implantation in 249 cases (63%), mostly complete heart block in (78.8%) and second-degree Mobitz type II in (21.2%). In five cases (1.25%), the block was a complication of cardiac surgery (valve surgery and congenital heart disease). The second common cause for implanting pacemakers was SSS in 138 patients (34.8%). Third indication was symptomatic bifasicular and trifasicular block in seven patients (1.7%). Symptomatic bradycardia was an indication in only two patients (0.5%) as shown in [Figure 1].
Modes of pacing
Dual-chamber pacemaker with DDD pacing mode was the most common mode used in 234 patients (59%) followed by single-chamber pacemaker with VVI mode 141 patients (35.6%). VDD mode was used in 21 patients (6.4%), as in [Figure 2].
Complications were divided into early complications (it included peri-procedural and within the first 30 days after implantation), and late complications occurring after 3o days of implantation. Among the 396 patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation, 17 patients (4.25%) developed complications, of these 10 (2.5%) were early and 7 patients (1.75%) had late complications as shown in the table. The most common early complication was pocket hematoma, which was seen in four patients (1%), three patients (0.75%) developed pneumothorax, acute pericarditis was diagnosed in one patient (0.25%), one patient had lead dislodgement (0.25%), and one patient (0.25%) developed superficial pocket infection. Among late complications, painful shoulder was the most common affecting four patients (1%) followed by late pocket infection in two patients (0.5%) and one patient had lead malfunction (0.25.%), as shown in [Table 2].
| Discussion|| |
Since the first implantation of permanent pacemaker in 1958, it remains the only effective therapy for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. With increase aging of the population, the risk of developing degenerative conduction defects and bradyarrhythmias increases. Also advances of diagnostic facilities lead to more detection of cases requiring permanent pacemaker implantation.
This study was conducted to review patient’s characteristics details, indications, modes of pacing and complications of procedures. In this report, the mean age in the study population was 65 years, which is the same as in the national survey of cardiac pacemakers in Iran by Oraii et al. (65.4 years). In a study performed in Turkey by Erdogan et al., the mean age of patients was 66.8 years. Also in a study by Bhat et al. in India, the mean age of patients was 67 years. This was also comparable to age distribution reported worldwide., This indicates that pacemaker implantation is primarily required in the geriatric age group due to the higher prevalence of degenerative conduction diseases and sinus node dysfunction in this specific age group. This study also explored male predominance in 242 patients (61%) as compared with 154 (31%) in females. This was comparable to sex distribution reported by Bhat et al. (60% males), by Oraii et al. (56.2% males), and by Carrión-Camacho et al. (56.13%).
In this study, the main indication for permanent pacemaker implantation was AVB in pacing in 249 cases (63%), followed by SSS in 138 patients (34.8%). In a study by Oraii et al., the most common indication of pacing in Iran was AVB (56.1%), whereas SSS was the second most common one (20.8%). In the USA, SSS was the primary indication for pacemaker implantation in over 50% of patients, as reported by Bhat et al. (SSS in 52.5% vs. 47.5% AVB). This difference can be explained by the difference in the availability of more advanced diagnostic facilities that can detect more cases of SSS.
Dual-chamber pacemaker (DDD) was the most common type implanted in this study and form 59% of all cases as compared with 35.6% single-chamber pacemaker with VVI mode and VDD mode in 6.4%. Selection of pacing types is very important and dual-chamber pacemaker is the recommended type in most cases as single-chamber pacing is associated with a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, and pacemaker syndrome. This was reported in several large trials.,,
In appropriately selected cases single-chamber, VDD pacemaker may be a suitable, less costly alternative to DDD devices, but with time there may be loss of adequate atrial sensing which will end up in a pacemaker working practically in VVI mode with its known adverse consequences. In many developing countries, the most commonly used pacemaker type is single-chamber pacing; this was observed in a study by Bhat et al. who reported single-chamber VVI as the most common mode of pacing in 62.5% of total cases as compared with dual-chamber DDD pacing (28.5%). Also Oraii et al. reported single-chamber pacemaker (VVI) in 68.9%, whereas only 13.8% of patients received dual-chamber pacemakers. This is in contrast to the trend observed in developed nations such as USA and Europe and reflects the underlying economic issues in healthcare and lack of health insurance in developing countries, which further implies that permanent pacemakers are implanted mainly for survival issue rather than for improving quality of life. Also the experience of operator affects the selection of device type as implantation of atrial lead is more complex, time-consuming, and carries the risk of dislodgement more than that of ventricular lead.
Despite being minimally invasive procedure, implantation of permanent pacemaker is not free from complications during or after implantation. Complications of pacemaker implantation are usually divided into early which occurs postoperatively, during hospitalization, and within 30 days and late complications which occur after that. Also complications in general are either related to venous access (e.g., pneumothorax), or to leads (e.g., lead dislodgement) and the generator pocket (e.g., hematoma and infection) and can be defined as major (e.g., death, cardiac perforation, and tamponade) and minor (e.g., drug reaction, hematoma). In this study, complications were detected in a total of 17 patients (4.25%), of these 10 (2.5%) were early and 7 patients (1.75%) had late complications; this rate is similar to the rates reported worldwide.,
The most common early complication was pocket hematoma, which was seen in four patients (1%) which detected early postoperatively and managed conservatively in three patients, whereas in one patient it requires reexploration of wound and hemostasis. In two of these patients, they were on dual antiplatelets shortly after primary percutaneous coronary intervention; another patient was a case of chronic atrial fibrillation with high CHADS-VASC score on direct oral anticoagulant.
The second most common early complication was iatrogenic pneumothorax which was detected in three patients (0.75%): two patients were males and one patient was female; all were old age and the two males were smoker with features of chronic obstructive disease. These cases were recorded in the early part of study which later dramatically reduced. This may be due to increasing learning curve of the operator and the use of fluoroscopy guide for vein puncture. In all three cases, it requires chest tube insertion and the period of admission extended to average of 4 days postoperatively. This percentage of pneumothorax is much more lower rate reported in many other studies.,,, In this study, one patient had lead dislodgement (0.25%) that required reimplantion of lead and one patient (0.25%) developed superficial pocket infection which treated conservatively by parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Among late complications, painful shoulder was the most common affecting four patients (1%) which may be explained by the period of immobility at the implanted site. The percentage of painful shoulder after cardiac devices implantation was reported to be as high as 60% of patients 3 months after the procedure.,
Late pocket infection occurred in two patients (0.5%), one of them treated conservatively but in the other patient it required complete extraction of the whole system and implantation of new system.,
| Conclusions|| |
Pacemaker implantation is a relatively safe procedure with a low complication rate. Elderly males were the most common group receiving permanent pacemaker. Dual-chamber (DDD) pacing mode was the most commonly used mode.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
Kotsakou M, Kioumis I, Lazaridis G, Pitsiou G, Lampaki S, Papaiwannou A, et al
. Pacemaker insertion. Ann Transl Med 2015;3:42.
Trohman RG, Kim MH, Pinski SL Cardiac pacing: The state of the art. Lancet 2004;364:1701-19.
Stevenson RT, Lugg D, Gray R, Hollis D, Stoner M, Williams JL Pacemaker implantation in the extreme elderly. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2012;33:51-8.
Branch-Elliman W, Stanislawski M, Strymish J, Barón AE, Gupta K, Varosy PD, et al
. Cardiac electrophysiology laboratories: A potential target for antimicrobial stewardship and quality improvement? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:1005-11.
Khanal J, Poudyal RR, Devkota S, Thapa S, Dhungana RR Clinical profile and early complications after single and dual chamber permanent pacemaker implantation at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015;13:138-43.
Aggarwal RK, Connelly DT, Ray SG, Ball J, Charles RG Early complications of permanent pacemaker implantation: No difference between dual and single chamber systems. Br Heart J 1995;73:571-5.
Eltrafi A, Currie P, Silas JH Permanent pacemaker insertion in a district general hospital: Indications, patient characteristics, and complications. Postgrad Med J 2000;76:337-9.
Shenthar J, Bohra S, Jetley V, Vora A, Lokhandwala Y, Nabar A, et al
. A survey of cardiac implantable electronic device implantation in India: By Indian Society of Electrocardiology and Indian Heart Rhythm Society. Indian Heart J 2016;68:68-71.
Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al
; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices); American Association for Thoracic Surgery; Society of Thoracic Surgeons. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 guideline update for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices): Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2008;117:e350-408.
Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, DiMarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NA 3rd, et al
; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Heart Rhythm Society. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society. [corrected]. Circulation 2012;126:1784-800.
Oraii S, Eftekharzadeh M, Mirmasoumi M The National Survey of Cardiac Pacemakers and Cardioverter Defibrillators. J Tehran Heart Center 2006;1:95-99.
Erdogan HB, Polat A, Arda H Permanent pacemaker implantation after open heart surgery. Turkish J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;14:9-13.
Bhat S, Kumar D, Parimoo A Characteristics, indications and complications in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation. Int J Res Med Sci 2018;6:4053.
Carrión-Camacho R, Marín-León I, Molina-Doñoro JM Safety of permanent pacemaker implantation. J Clin Med 2019;8:35.
Kusumoto FM, Goldschlager N Cardiac pacing. New England J Med 1996;334:89-99.
Lamas GA, Pashos CL, Normand SL, McNeil B Permanent pacemaker selection and subsequent survival in elderly medicare pacemaker recipients. Circulation 1995;91:1063-9.
Pekka Raatikainen MJ, Arnar DO, Zeppenfeld K . Statistics on the use of cardiac electronic devices and electrophysiological procedures in the European Society of Cardiology countries: 2014 report from the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace 2015;17:i1-i75.
Uslan DZ, Tleyjeh IM, Baddour LM, Friedman PA, Jenkins SM, St Sauver JL, et al
. Temporal trends in permanent pacemaker implantation: A population-based study. American Heart J 2008;155:896-903.
Zhan C, Baine WB, Sedrakyan A, Steiner C Cardiac device implantation in the united states from 1997 through 2004: A population-based analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2008;23:13-9.
Res JC, de Priester JA, van Lier AA, van Engelen CL, Bronzwaer PN, Tan PH, et al
. Pneumothorax resulting from subclavian puncture: A complication of permanent pacemaker lead implantation. Neth Heart J 2004;12:101-5.
Korte T, Jung W, Schlippert U, Wolpert C, Esmailzadeh B, Fimmers R, et al
. Prospective evaluation of shoulder-related problems in patients with pectoral cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Am Heart J 1998;135:577-83.
Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999: Hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:250-78; quiz 279-80.
Skanes AC, Krahn AD, Yee R, Klein GJ, Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, et al
; Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing. Progression to chronic atrial fibrillation after pacing: The Canadian trial of physiologic pacing. CTOPP investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:167-72.
Nielsen JC Mortality and incidence of atrial fibrillation in paced patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2002;13:S17-22.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
[Table 1], [Table 2]
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The herbal market is filled with a large number of exotic plants and herbs. As a beginner, it can be quite overwhelming for the consumer to select the right product.
This is where we come in. We try our best to give our readers the most authentic and latest information about these herbs. Our goal is to educate the people so that they can make an informed decisions for themselves.
By now, most of us are familiar with Kratom, its benefits, and its side effects. But a question arises that in this huge market of herbal products, are there any alternatives to Kratom?
What is Kanna?
Among the different alternatives to Kratom, Kanna is a product that sits at the top of the list. But what is Kanna? And how does it differ from Kratom? Let us try to find the answers to these questions and look at some of the salient features of both Kratom and Kanna.
What are the origins of Kanna and Kratom?
Kanna is the herbal extract of the plant Sceletium Tortuosum that is native to South Africa. The first record of Kanna in history dates back to the 17th century. A dutch official of Cape Town, Jan Van Riebeeck recorded the use of Kanna by the locals.
According to the history records, Kanna was used as traditional medicine by the Khoikhoi and the San people in South Africa. The leaves of the plant were either smoked or chewed.
Kratom is an extract that is obtained from the Mitragyna Speciosa plant. It is related to the coffee tree family and is native to Southeast Asian countries. It has been used for medicinal as well as recreational purposes. It can be chewed, swallowed, or brewed.
What are their different strains and varieties?
There are different strains of kratom that differ not only in their taste, aroma, and texture but also in the effects they produce. They have their own profile of uses and are priced differently as well.
Some of the famous strains include Bali Kratom, Maeng Da Kratom, Red Vein Borneo, Red Thai Kratom, Red Kali Kratom, Red Indo Kratom, White Vein Thai, White Vein Indo, and White Vein Kali.
Contrary to Kratom, Kanna comes in only 3 forms which include regular Kanna, heated Kanna, and fermented Kanna. These forms differ in the way they are processed as well as their strengths.
But How Do They Differ Chemically?
Both of these herbs have chemicals inside of them called Alkaloids but they differ according to the type of alkaloids they have.
Different strains and vein colors of Kratom have a different alkaloid profiles. But the most common alkaloids are Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine. Kanna, on the other hand, is rich in Mesembrine, Mesembranol, and Mesembrenone.
The Effects Of Kanna vs Kratom?
Now that we have some idea of both these herbs, let us look at what they actually do.
Kratom acts on the opioid receptors in our body- the same receptors that are acted upon by morphine. Thus it can act in the same way as morphine does and relieve pain. Additionally, it can act as a stimulant, increase energy levels, and can even cause euphoria. It can also help with libido and sleep.
But it is not all good news though. Beware of the higher doses or adulterated forms of Kratom. Higher doses can result in sedation or sleepiness.
Some common side effects include dry mouth, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. But there can also be hazardous effects like liver damage, hallucinations and delusions, seizures, coma, and even death.
When it comes to Kanna, the effects on the human body are somewhat similar to Kratom. The alkaloids in Kanna act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and cannabinoid agonists. This means that they can have marijuana-like effects.
Additionally, they also act as serotonin reuptake inhibitors thus having some anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. Kanna can elevate mood, relieve anxiety, decrease depression, and can also cause euphoria.
The adverse effects of Kanna have not been studied well enough. Some minor side effects include headache, abdominal pain, nausea, and drowsiness. However, at higher doses, it may act as a sedative. Care should be taken while taking Kanna with other antidepressants, anxiolytics, or hypnotics.
Are These Herbs Legal?
In the USA, both these herbs have an entirely different legal status.
Since Kanna is not a very well-known herb, there is no legislation regarding its legality. Thus, it is legal in all the states of the USA. It is considered a supplement and sometimes, an alternative to other controversial products like Kratom.
On the other hand, Kratom has a complex legal status. The alkaloids contained in it have been a source of some controversy. Thus, some states have banned its use. Still, it is legal in most of the states of the USA. You can get more info about its legality by clicking here.
What About Lab Testing And Adulteration?
Since Kanna is not well known, it is not regulated by any federal or private entity. It means that it is not lab tested and there is no way of knowing which brand has the authentic herb. Therefore, we suggest that you buy only from a vendor with a good reputation.
Contrary to it, Kratom is regulated by a private organization called the AKA (American Kratom Association). The AKA has been avidly involved in the process of legalization of Kratom across the states of the USA. They have been partially successful in their efforts.
The AKA has been trying to get the KCPA (Kratom Consumer Protection Act) implemented in all the states of the USA.
The AKA has also introduced a GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) program and a list of GMP certified vendors. It is their effort towards quality control and lab testing and it enforces all the distributors to list the ingredients of their Kratom products.
What Does All Of This Mean For Us?
Keeping all the information that we have learned in mind, we can now make an informed decision. Both Kanna and Kratom have some similarities but they also differ in some aspects. They have a similar set of beneficial effects but they differ in their adverse effects. Both have different origins.
Kratom, being popular between the two, is easier to find and is well regulated. Authentic Kanna, on the other hand, is difficult to find. It is also not regulated. Thus, there is a potential for adulteration.
A Final Note
Kanna and Kratom have their pros and cons. As a consumer, it is our job to assess these and weigh up the benefits against the harms. This is the only way we can make a correct decision for ourselves.
- Post Date: 07 Oct, 2021
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some references are attached.
Task: Students write a professional report documenting their academic research projects. The report will include introduction, literature review, findings, discussions, conclusions and recommendations. The report should be formatted as suitable to submit to an academic journal, including 20 references as per Harvard style.
Length: Length of the final report should have a body of at least 7000 words.
• An introductory section about the background of the engineering problem addressed
• A literature review section addressing the state-of-the-art of research relating to the research question and establishing the relevance and significance of the project
• A methodology section defining the research design and the methods of data collection and processing
• An analysis section presenting the result of data processing leading to the major findings of research
• A discussion section justifying validity of research findings (this is only one function of a discussion section, not the only function )
• A concluding section which outlines how the project results have addressed the research question and provides recommendations for future research and/or professional practice.
• Appropriate research methodology
• Robustness of research design
• Systems thinking
• Validity and value of research findings within domain
• Literature review
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Synthesis of data into relevant results/findings
Written communication features (30%)
• Clear definition and focus of the research question
• Clear analysis and synthesis
• Critical perspective on research
• Clear justification of research methodologies
• Convincing arguments for the significance of the research
• Appropriate academic language
• Well structured (presentation and organisation) and correct referencing as per Harvard style
• Length of the final report should have a body of at least 7000 words
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Is an electric bicycle good for your health and the environment?
We Dutch are really cycling people! You can also see that in the road system in the Netherlands, because the roads are bicycle-friendly almost everywhere. The motivation for cycling is usually that it is so good for your health, you get outside and you automatically move a little more. It is also possible that for the environment you are more likely to take a bicycle, which is of course a nice thought, and sums it up is simply out of Dutch economy. But now that the economy is picking up again, that last motivation seems to be moving to the background because the e-bike is very much on the rise. At first you only saw old ladies and gentlemen cycling with it, they were the first types with a large engine block that you had to remove, but nowadays students also drive past you with it! So not only for retirees who make a day trip, but also for commuting or to school.
Then the only question remains whether the other other motivations still apply, because does an electric bicycle affect your health and is it good for the environment?
Of course, cycling on a regular bicycle remains more intensive and as a result you will burn more, but the question is, do you also take your regular bicycle with 10 km or more? There is the benefit with an e-bike, you pick up your bike earlier and leave your car at home with an electric bicycle, so at the bottom of the line you move more, even if it is supported by a motor.
And think of anyone who cannot use a normal bicycle due to medical complaints, there is 100% profit to be made. First depending on the car or other people and now you can go outside again independently. The great thing about an electric bicycle is that you can determine the support yourself. The lower you put the support, the more you have to exert yourself.
Some more advantages:
- Arrive at work less sweaty.
- No headwind.
- Cycle with ease with heavy bags
- There are also cargo bike models handy with small children.
- A moment of relaxation.
- Handy in hilly areas.
- The price can be a stumbling block (they vary between 800 and 6,000 euros)
- You must provide a charged battery
- They are wanted so always well locked !!
- Others are jealous of you
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|OS grid reference|
|• London||180 mi (290 km) SE|
|Sovereign state||United Kingdom|
Silsden is a town and civil parish in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England, on the River Aire and Leeds and Liverpool Canal between Keighley and Skipton, which had a population of 8,268 at the 2011 Census. The parish includes the hamlet of Brunthwaite.
Generally an agricultural area, the Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on West Yorkshire, including Silsden. The town hosted a number of mills none of which now operate in their original form. There is still industry in the town, some in old mill buildings and some in a new industrial estate between the town and the river. The town retains a very small amount of manufacturing.
The Leeds and Liverpool Canal became a key element of local infrastructure upon its completion in 1816. Silsden was then connected to both a significant manufacturing city (Leeds) and a major ocean port (Liverpool) by canal. Canal boats allowed for cheap transportation of bulk goods, especially coal and wool, to the area.
In 1911, there was a riot in Silsden when the police station was attacked. A very unpopular policeman had been too enthusiastic in his duties. Questions were raised in the House of Commons and it was reported in the national press. The policeman was removed from the town and no more trouble occurred.
During the 1940s, a hostel was built off Howden Road, to house refugees and prisoners of war from various countries. The area is now a housing estate, and there is a plaque to commemorate the hostel on Ings Way.
The hamlet of Brunthwaite lies about 1⁄2 mile (800 metres) east of the centre of Silsden, near Brunthwaite Beck and at the foot of Rombalds Moor. Land here formed a small manor from Saxon times, and the first known written mention of the name (as Bronthweyt) occurs in the 14th century. The oldest buildings in the present settlement are from an 18th-century farming community. The hamlet was designated as a conservation area in 1977, which was reassessed by Bradford Council in 2005.
Silsden has eight public houses: the Robin Hood, the Counting House, the Red Lion, the Duck Pond, the Post Office, the Butchers Arms, the Punch Bowl, and the King's Arms. There are two members' clubs: Sunnybank Social Club and Twisters Social Club.
Whilst Silsden does not have its own railway station, the Steeton and Silsden railway station is one mile (1.5 kilometres) south in the village of Steeton. The station provides a link for commuters to the cities of Leeds and Bradford.
Lying between Keighley and Ilkley, Silsden is served by buses to both these towns. Silsden's public transport benefits from Silsden being part of West Yorkshire rather than North Yorkshire, the border of which runs along one end of the town.
The Lampkin family lived at Silsden during the Second World War. Lampkin brothers Arthur, Alan and Martin were, later, national motorcycle trials champions. Martin Lampkin won the 1975 FIM Trial World Championship and his son, Douglas "Dougie" Lampkin, is a twelve-time trials world champion.
The Wainman family, a second motorsport dynasty from Silsden, compete in BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Cars. Frankie Wainman was World Champion in 1979, while his son Frankie Wainman Junior is one of the most successful drivers in the history of the sport.
Henry Price started his first Fifty Shilling Tailors shop in Silsden. With this fortune, the now Sir Henry Price, bought Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, which is now owned by the National Trust.
Margaret Wintringham, née Longbottom, was a British Liberal Party politician. She was the second woman take her seat in the House of Commons and lived in Silsden when her father was the head teacher at Bolton Road School.
On 27 April 1995, a one-off anthology supernatural drama titled Chiller aired, in which episode 6, titled "number 6", featured Silsden. It was featured for almost the entire one-hour episode, using locations across the town.
Bonapartes Restaurant, on Kirkgate, was the subject of the first-ever episode of Gordon Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares in 2004. After the show aired, Bonapartes’ owner Sue Ray threatened to take legal action against Ramsay, Channel 4 and the programme makers, Optomen, after claiming that the show put her £400,000 in debt. Christine Hall, producer of Kitchen Nightmares, refused to accept the blame, stating Ray only had herself to blame. The programme revisited the restaurant in the second series, but Ray would only talk to Ramsay off-camera. In June 2006, Ramsay won a High Court case against the London Evening Standard, which had alleged, after reports from Ray, that scenes and the general condition of Bonapartes had been faked. Ramsay was awarded £75,000 plus costs. Ramsay said at the time: "I won't let people write anything they want to about me. We have never done anything in a cynical, fake way."
In July 2007, the butchers, barbers and shoe shop located on Bradley Road were used in an episode of ITV's The Royal.
- "Town population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 442. ISBN 0-19-869103-3.
- Daily Mirror 10 April 1911 "Mob attack police station"
- The Silsden Hoard
- "Onions | Food and Travel Magazine UK". foodandtravel.com. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- "John Liddle's blog". Silsden--A Living History. 6 October 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- "Tour de France Stage 1". Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- "Brunthwaite Conservation Area Assessment" (PDF). Bradford Metropolitan District Council. October 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- "Craven". 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- "New era for Silsden Town Hall as community takes over". Telegraph and Argus. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- "Arthur Lampkin Sr. obituary". Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
- "Obituary: Frank Wainman Farmer and dealer". Yorkshire Post. 17 December 2004. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- Irvine, Christopher (5 November 2011). "Jack Reed ready to face England's nemesis". The Times. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- Competition Commission Report: United Drapers Stores Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- "A man and his millions". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 6 October 2000. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- Dewhirst, Ian (14 September 2013). "Headteacher gave ungrudging service". Keighley News. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
- "Ramsay's nightmare put me out of business" - TimesOnline
- "Chef Ramsay wins £75,000 damages". BBC News. 20 June 2006.
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The IEEE Computer Society Digital Library (CSDL) is the best research tool for all of today’s hottest computing topics—including cybersecurity, big data, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and predictive analytics—along with an unparalleled archive of invaluable research.
The Content You Need
- Unlimited, full-text access to over 800,000 top-quality articles and papers.
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- Free RSS feeds notify your users of newly added content of interest.
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- A customizable welcome message for your institution is automatically generated.
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- ACM metadata exchange allows for single searches across both collections.
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The Premier Organization for Computing Professionals
As the world’s top member organization dedicated to computer science and technology, the IEEE Computer Society advances the theory, design, practice, and application of computer and information-processing science and technology, as well as the professional standing of its members.
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FileZilla free Download. Filezilla to send files to the server PFT. FileZilla is a free FTP, highly recommended for users who need to manage websites and send content to a remote server, where pages are hosted platform client. It is increasingly common for users with little computer knowledge have to create and maintain a website, so it is necessary to use tools such as FileZilla, pretty intuitive, and in this case necessary to upload html files, images, or other content server. Key features include: In addition to FTP supports FTPS (SSL / TLS) and SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol). Supports multiple platforms: Windows, Linux, * BSD, OSX and more. It is available in several languages, including Spanish. Allows the transfer of large files, including supporting files over 4GB. Supports IPv6.
The interface is very intuitive and the program is easy to use. Folders and files on the server side are presented on one hand the folders and files on the local machine, and on the other hand, in the window on the right. Allows "drag and drop" (drag and drop files) between the two windows. At the bottom of the transfer queue is shown with details of each, as their status, time, size, etc. Configuration FileZilla. To configure access to a server must click on "New Site", enter a name that identifies it, and then enter the host (server address) provided by the hosting company, in addition to username and password. Where it says "Access Mode" you must select "Normal". In "Server Type" you must select FTP or SFTP (if user have privilege to SSH), SFTP being convenient as it provides greater safety in transfers. The port number to enter depends if it's FTP or SFTP, but if in doubt you can consult the supplier.
FileZilla lets you edit files from the server list, without explicitly them down, but a temporary copy editing, and after making changes, you have the option to rewrite it automatically, without having to upload the file manually.
An interesting and very useful function is to compare folders between the server and what is stored locally. You can observe highlighted files whose size or date differs as to whether sync is required. For more information, consult the documentation available on the official website of the project. 126.96.36.199 Filezilla is the latest version, updated in January 2015. This program has been renewed peródicamente and improved significantly, with the advantage that supports both Windows systems (32 or 64 bit), Linux and Mac OS X.
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A couple of weeks ago, I was sitting in a bar/restaurant on a Saturday evening to watch my son play hockey. When I walked in, I was struck by the fact that there was one bartender, one server and one person in the kitchen and that was two too many people working. The only other patron was a young lady who was there to watch her husband play; he played for the opposition which created great banter back and forth between us. I asked the server: “It’s kind of slow tonight. What’s happened?” Last year this place was packed and to get a seat to watch my son play was a challenge at the best of times. The response from him was quite telling.
He stated: “I have no idea. It’s been like this for awhile.” I was shocked, but asked: “What are the owners doing about it?” If I was shocked before imagine what I felt when he stated: “Nothing.” Unfortunately, the owners were not around as I definitely would have a word with them.
“The future depends on what we do in the present.”
Obviously, something had changed and they were completely unprepared for that change. Business is an evolutionary process and in the days that I started in it, the change would happen every five to seven years. However, with the pace and speed of today, with technological advances and the amount of information available, the change happens almost on a yearly or less basis. If one is unprepared for that change, then what happens is what is happening to this enterprise.
Mahatma Gandhi said: “The future depends on what we do in the present.” In other words, if you don’t prepare today for tomorrow, then tomorrow may be disastrous for you.
As business professionals, we have to actually be ahead of the change. We have to know what is coming before it even gets here. The speed of change does not allow us the luxury of ‘catch up’ because if we do catch up, it’s too late because it has changed again.
“How does one stay ahead?” you may be asking. There are many activities you must be involved in order to make sure you stay current at the very least. Here are only three:
- Get involved with your peers. Collectively, you help each other by discussing challenges that each of you are having and what each of you see as coming up in the future.
- Get business mentors. People that have gone through changes and the evolutionary cycles. They have been there and may be able to help you be prepared for it effectively.
- Get a business coach. These are the people that have to stay ahead of the change in order to help the people that they coach stay effective, efficient and productive.
The future is coming, you can’t stop it, but you can be prepared for it unlike the establishment above.
(In case you were wondering, son’s team won 6-2.)
When the future gets here, will you be ready? Look into The Action Suite. This is where the talking stops and the doing gets done. We work on your challenges, issues and ideas during a two-hour weekly session where we develop the knowledge, tools and know-how to implement immediately the solutions. You will also be part of a private group where you will not only be involved with your peers, but have access to more information, material and techniques. Who knows, there may even be a mentor for you.
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India’s first 5G rural trials have begun in Gujarat, giving locals access to high-speed internet for the first time. In its first phase, 500 villagers of Bardoli in Gujarat are using a private internet connection with a speed of 1 gigabyte per second – three times faster than what their average ADSL speeds can achieve. This trial is part of the country’s plan to bring 5G to the remotest areas by offering them better connectivity and quality service.
Traditionally, when we think about broadband adoption in India, we tend to focus on densely populated areas of cities like Mumbai and Delhi. However, recent data from the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) explains that there are over 1.1 billion people living in rural India. As a result, the Indian government has begun experimenting with radiowave frequencies closer to 3G connectivity levels and lower power requirements using new radio equipment designed to meet the country’s needs for faster wireless signals and less expensive devices.
The goal is to increase internet access and improve service quality across rural areas where millions currently rely on slow 2G services or spotty Wi-Fi networks in their homes. This is especially important as India’s economy grows and more people are using mobile phones more frequently to access the internet on the go.
The National Telecom Policy (NTP) 2017-2022 stated that “broadband penetration in rural areas is woefully low”. The government projects that by 2022, only 17% of Indian homes will still be without broadband. To reach these areas, TRAI has focused on providing government subsidies for technology companies to assist them in building out fiber optic networks and wireless internet services across rural regions of the country. The intent of these policies is to facilitate affordable low-cost high-speed internet access while supporting wider adoption of smartphones and other technologies that can provide users with greater access to online content.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://londontechnews.co.uk/india-is-preparing-to-be-5g-ready-indias-first-rural-5g-trials-begin-in-gujarat/
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| 0.944826
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A new study published on Monday has shown that napping regularly triggers an elevated risk of developing high blood pressure and stroke.
The study, published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension, also showed that snoozing during daylight hours is associated with a 12% higher risk of blood pressure and a 24% higher risk of stroke than those who never naps.
According to reports, the researchers got their data from UK Biobank, a biomedical database that contains anonymized genetic and health information from half a million participants across the United Kingdom.
To get the data, the researchers took data from more than 500,000 people between the ages of 40 and 69 who lived in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010.
The study participants regularly submitted blood, urine, and saliva samples and detailed information about their lifestyles.
The participants also participated in a survey regarding daytime napping frequency four times between 2006 and 2019, with each round including at least 5,000 participants.
Moreover, the researchers said age could play a factor in how napping can affect one’s health.
They said those younger than 60 and often napped had “a 20% higher risk of developing high blood pressure compared to people the same age who never napped.”
They added that people older than 60 who usually nap face a 10% higher risk of high blood pressure.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://yidinfo.net/a-new-study-links-frequent-napping-to-an-increased-risk-of-high-blood-pressure-and-stroke/
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During a late night drive across my homeland, I jokingly told a close friend how I often feel the “most Navajo” in the mornings when I am making my bed. Instead of laughing as I expected he would, he shared how it made sense. Noting how even this modern act of starting the day could be beautifully traditional. I had never articulated this thought until this moment. But the more I shared the more I understood how much this one teaching infused not just my day, but my life.
Growing up shímasaní (my maternal grandmother) would always instruct me how it was very important that I made my bed. She would indicate how it was a way to show respect for my belongings but also a way for me to show I wasn’t lazy. As I made my bed in the morning when I was little she’d share with me that fixing my bed allowed me to start my day with positive thoughts and intentions.
Shímasaní stayed with us a lot when we were little. She would always be caring for us as my parents traveled and worked. It was her care that showed me how cooking can be a rich love language as she always asked my brothers what they wanted for dinner. They’d respond with either potato soup or her dumpling stew. It’s her recipes for these dishes that are my measure for all others. It is her tortillas that I miss now as her hands are too old flap bread and she is not able to stand very long to cook. But it is also her I think of every morning.
I read a poem recently called “Chorus of Cells” about making a bed. Written by a 100-plus year old poet, the poem illustrated the lyrical simplicity of life found only in seemingly mundane acts. It was this poem and the conversation with my friend that reminded me of the power of being present and how my morning ritual was a conduit to this sense of being.
I always make my bed in the morning. Each day I rise, I hear her teachings urging me to carry openness to the possibilities the day may present. As I smooth the sheets, fluff the pillows and lay the duvet over my bed, I am thinking of my day ahead. Preparing my spirit as I think of the work the Holy People will have me do. It is often the first point in my day, even before I run or pray, when I articulate my gratitude for simply being awake and able to show my dedication to this practice.
I was able to visit shímasaní on my last trip home. I sat with her on her favorite corner of the couch and held her hand. She shared how she was proud of the work I am doing which always means the most to me coming from her because she is one of the strongest people I know. When I look at her life and all that she created, I am left speechless. Her ability to hold onto her traditional knowledge evening after attending boarding school, raising a family of six on her own after shícheíí (my paternal grandfather) died. I don’t always feel worthy of her praise especially when I battle the guilt of being away from her now as she’s older. But when I think about my life and how I live it. I am most proud of having realized how much her many teachings have become my center for the mindful way I aim to live my life. I am grateful now for a beautiful late night conversation which helped me to see the power of my presence – rather, the power of shímasaní’s presence and how it continues to shape me.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://grownupnavajo.com/2015/12/04/the-power-of-presence-a-lesson-discovered-as-i-made-my-bed/?replytocom=1664
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We’ve read about the huge numbers of people who died during the 19th century of such dreaded diseases as smallpox, cholera, and diphtheria. Here is a time-line for when medical science was able to eliminate these pandemics.
In 1796 Edward Jenner initiated immunization vaccinations for smallpox in 1796. Fifty years later, in 1844, the hypodermic needle was probably made by Francis Rynd in Dublin. The more formal experiments on the relationship between germ and disease were conducted by Louis Pasteur between the years 1860 and 1864. He discovered the pathology of the puerperal fever and the pyogenic vibrio in the blood and suggested using boric acid to kill these microorganisms before and after confinement. In 1861, Pasteur published his germ theory which proved that bacteria caused diseases. This idea was taken up by Robert Koch in Germany, who began to isolate the specific bacteria that caused particular diseases, such as TB and cholera. On July 6th, 1885, while studying rabies, Pasteur tested his first human vaccine on Joseph Meister, a nine-year-old boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog. The vaccine was so successful that it brought immediate glory and fame to Pasteur.
By the 1890s, wider acceptance of germ theory resulted in the emergence of the science of bacteriology. In 1955 the world’s first disposable needles became available.
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https://truewestmagazine.com/fighting-diseases-the-germ-theory/
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The notebook comes with a backlit keyboard and packs a 50Wh battery that’s rated for 10 hours of battery life on a single cost. In case you do not wish to go with an AMD machine, you possibly can pick the newly launched HP 14s that comes with a 10th-generation Intel Core i3 or Core i5 processor, along with as much as 8GB of RAM. The laptop comes with a 14-inch full-HD (1920×1080 pixels) IPS display and has 1TB SATA HDD and 256GB PCIe NVMe M.2 SSD storage choices. It additionally comes with a constructed-in Intel XMM G LTE6 modem that allows 4G connectivity.
A full disassembly is usually required to wash the laptop entirely. However, preventative maintenance similar to common cleansing of the warmth sink by way of compressed air can prevent mud construct up on the heat sink.
A desktop-alternative laptop is a category of enormous system which isn’t intended primarily for cellular use. These gadgets are bulkier and not as portable as different laptops, and are meant to be used as compact and portable alternatives to a desktop pc. Desktop replacements are larger and usually heavier than different classes of laptops. They are capable of containing extra highly effective parts and have a 15-inch or bigger display.
While laptops can be highly effective and convenient, the convenience typically comes at a worth. Most laptops cost a number of hundred dollars greater than a similarly outfitted desktop model with a monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
There is an elective theft protection protection being supplied on the laptop computer ordering web site under Optional Accessories. It is called LoJack for Laptops by Absolute Software, and it can be purchased in 3 year or 4 12 months terms (it’s best to align with laptop computer warranty). With this purchase, Absolute LoJack will reimburse you as much as $1,000 if the device isn’t recovered inside 60 days. As for lost or misplaced laptops, we are not conscious of any available protection.
Most laptops use 2.5-inch drives, that are a smaller model of a 3.5-inch desktop drive form issue. 2.5-inch HDDs are extra compact, energy environment friendly, and produce much less warmth, while on the identical time have a smaller capacity and a slower knowledge switch rate. For SSDs, nonetheless, these miniaturization-associated trade-offs are nonexistent, because SSDs were designed to have a very small footprint. SSDs function a conventional 2.5- or 1.eight-inch or a laptop computer-specific mSATA or M.2 card’s type factor. SSDs have a higher data switch rate, decrease power consumption, decrease failure fee, and a larger capacity in comparison with HDDs.
Only presently enrolled Baruch students who have their scholar IDs with them may take a look at any of the objects on this page. Members of the Baruch College Alumni Association and students in the CUNY School of Professional Studies might borrow designated selected laptops.
Do the laptops come preloaded with software or will mother and father have to buy it? At distribution, laptops are loaded with Thayer’s learning management software program. Apple software software is pre-loaded on the laptop (Pages, Numbers, Keynote, GarageBand, and iMovie).
While the small size of an iPad or smart telephone is convenient, the processing energy and reminiscence doesn’t meet the specs which might be required for the resources and assignments academics are planning to make use of. to have private digital gadgets, corresponding to laptops, ultimately turn into cognitive instruments which are holistically integrated into the educating and studying processes of the varsity.
Though tablets and laptops each are thought of as a transportable gadget, tablets provide larger comfort as a result of their light-weight property. If you’re carrying any gadget for an entire day then a weight of 1 pound and 4 pounds can make a great distinction to your vitality. You can even carry a pill like choosing your wallet or sun shades and take it from one place to another with complete ease. Without any doubt, you are going to get larger storage with laptops than tablets or iPad.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://sigmatek-players.com/2020/05/12/the-best-time-to-buy-a-laptop/
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Bronwyn R. Stall and Kevin Camphausen
What is the most common intracranial tumor?
Brain mets is the most common intracranial tumor.
What is the annual incidence of brain mets in the U.S.?
170,000 cases/yr of brain mets in the U.S.
What cancers are associated with hemorrhagic brain mets?
Hemorrhagic brain mets is associated with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and choriocarcinoma.
What does the term solitary brain met connote?
A solitary brain met is only 1 brain lesion.
What cancers are most likely to metastasize to the brain?
Cancers associated with brain mets: lung (40%–50%), breast (15%), melanoma (10%), and unknown −primary (5%–10%)
What is more common type of brain met: single or multiple?
Most pts have multiple brain mets rather than a single lesion.
How do pts with brain mets present?
Presentation of pts with brain mets: Sx of ↑ ICP (HA, n/v), weakness, change in sensation, mental status changes, and seizure
Where do most brain mets occur?
Most brain mets arise in the gray/white matter −junction due to narrowing of blood vessels. (Delattre J et al., Arch Neurol 1988)
Are most brain mets infra- or supratentorial?
The majority of brain mets are supratentorial.
What is the distribution of brain mets within the brain?
The distribution of brain mets correlates with relative weight and blood flow:
1. Cerebral hemispheres: 80%
2. Cerebellum: 15%
3. Brain stem: 5%
(Delattre J et al., Arch Neurol 1988)
If a pt presents with brain mets without a prior Dx of cancer, what is the most likely source?
Pts presenting with brain mets without a prior Dx of cancer most often have a lung primary.
What is the overall median time from initial cancer Dx to development of brain mets?
The median overall time from initial cancer Dx to development of brain mets is 1 yr.
Do most pts with brain mets die from their CNS Dz?
No. ~30%–50% of pts with brain mets die from their CNS Dz.
Describe the workup of a brain met.
Brain met workup: H&P focus on characterization of any neurologic Sx, evaluation for infectious causes (fever, CBC), careful neurologic exam, MRI brain +/− gadolinium, assessment for status of extracranial Dz, determination of Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and neurosurgery consult
What imaging test is 1st line in evaluating brain mets?
MRI is 1st line in the evaluation of brain mets.
What is the DDx for a new lesion in the brain?
Brain lesion DDx: mets, infection/abscess, hemorrhage, primary brain tumor, infarct, tumefactive demyelinating lesion, and RT necrosis
What imaging features are suggestive of brain mets?
Imaging features suggestive of brain mets include lesions at gray/white matter junction, multiple lesions, ring-−enhancing lesions, and significant vasogenic edema
What is triple-dose gadolinium, and why is it used?
Triple-dose gadolinium: 0.3 mmol/kg. It is used to increase the sensitivity of MRI.
The RTOG recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) divides brain mets pts into how many prognostic classes?
The RTOG RPA divides brain mets pts into 3 −prognostic classes.
What prognostic factors are included in the RPA for brain mets?
Prognostic factors included in the RPA for brain mets include KPS, control of the primary, age <65 yrs, and the presence of mets outside the CNS. (Gaspar L et al., IJROBP 1997)
What pts are included in class I according to the RTOG for brain mets?
Brain met RPA class I: KPS ≥70, age <65 yrs, −primary controlled, and no extracranial mets
What pts are included in class II according to the RTOG for brain mets?
Brain mets RPA class II: KPS ≥70 with 1 of the following—primary uncontrolled, age >65 yrs, or extracranial mets
What pts are included in class III according to the RTOG for brain mets?
Brain mets RPA class III: KPS <70
What is the MS time for RTOG RPA classes I, II, and III?
MS according to the RTOG brain met RPA:
1. Class I: 7.2 mos
2. Class II: 4.2 mos
3. Class III: 2.3 mos
What is the Sperduto Index?
The Sperduto Index is a graded prognostic assessment based on age, KPS, # of brain mets, and the presence or absence of extracranial mets developed from an analysis of 1,960 pts in the RTOG database. Criteria is based on a point system:
1. 0 points: age >60 yrs, KPS <70, >3 brain mets, presence of extracranial mets
2. 0.5 points: age 50–59 yrs, KPS 70–80, 2 CNS mets
3. 1 point: age <50 yrs, KPS 90–100, 1 CNS met, no extracranial mets
The sum of points predicts MS in mos:
1. 0–1 point: 2.6 mos
2. 1.5–2.5 points: 3.8 mos
3. 3 points: 6.9 mos
4. 3.5–4 points: 11 mos
(Sperduto P et al., IJROBP 2007)
In pts with untreated brain mets, what is the MS?
MS of untreated brain mets is 1 mo.
What Tx may be used for brain mets?
Brain met Tx: steroids, surgery, fractionated RT (WBRT), and SRS
In pts with brain mets treated with steroids alone, what is the MS?
MS in pts with brain mets treated with steroids alone is 2 mos.
How are steroids for brain mets typically prescribed?
Steroid dose for newly diagnosed brain mets: 4 mg dexamethasone q6hrs; may give initial loading dose of 10 mg.
Why are steroids used for symptomatic brain mets?
In pts with symptomatic brain mets, steroids reduce leakage from tumor vessels, therefore decreasing edema and mass effect.
What pharmacologic Tx should always accompany steroid Tx?
When prescribing steroids, also provide GI prophylaxis with a proton-pump inhibitor or H2 blocker.
Should anticonvulsants be used prophylactically?
No. In accordance with guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology, pts with newly diagnosed brain tumors should not be started on prophylactic anticonvulsants. (Glantz M et al. Neurology 2000)
Is there any randomized data on the dose for WBRT?
Yes. The RTOG conducted several RCTs from 1970–1995 of WBRT alone, assessing different fractionation schemes. The 1st 2 trials (RTOG 6901 and 7361) included >1,800 pts randomized to 40 Gy/20, 40 Gy/15, 30 Gy/15, 30 Gy/10, or 20 Gy/5. No significant difference was found in response rates, length of response, or OS. The MS in the 1st study was 4.1 mos and 3.4 mos in the 2nd. (Borgelt B et al., IJROBP 1980)
2 ultra-rapid fractionation schemes were also tested on these studies and reported separately; 10 Gy/1 (RTOG 6901) and 12 Gy/2 (RTOG 7361) in 26 and 33 pts, respectively. These schedules were associated with worse toxicity and time to neurologic progression than the standard fractionation. (Borgelt B et al., IJROBP 1981)
2 studies showed no MS advantage to giving a higher total dose. RTOG 7606 randomized 255 pts to 30 Gy/10 vs. 50 Gy/20. MS was 4.1 and 3.9 mos, respectively (Kurtz J et al., IJROBP 1981). RTOG 9104 −randomized 429 pts to 30 Gy/10 vs. 54.4/1.6 Gy bid. MS was 4.5 mos in both arms (Murray K et al., IJROBP 1997).
What dose and fractionation schemes are considered standard for WBRT?
The most standard WBRT dose is 30 Gy/10. Pts with a good KPS and longer life expectancy may be treated to 37.5 Gy/15, 40 Gy/20, or 50 Gy/20.
What % of brain met pts have Sx improvement with WBRT?
WBRT improves Sx from brain mets in ~60% of cases.
What is the rate of CR to WBRT for brain mets?
~25% of pts have a CR to WBRT for brain mets.
Should Bx be recommended if a new Dx of brain mets is suspected?
Yes. Bx should be considered if a new Dx of brain mets is suspected, as 11% of pts enrolled on the 1st Patchell trial were found not to have metastatic Dz on Bx despite MRI or CT findings consistent with −metastatic Dz. (Patchell R et al., NEJM 1990)
What data supports surgery + RT rather than Bx + RT for brain mets?
The 1st Patchell study for brain mets randomized 48 pts with 1 brain met and KPS ≥70 to surgery + WBRT vs. Bx + WBRT. WBRT in both arms was 36 Gy in 3 Gy/fx. Pts treated with surgery had a longer MS (40 wks vs. 15 wks, p <0.01), longer functional independence (38 wks vs. 8 wks), and ↓LR (20% vs. 52%, p <0.02). (Patchell R et al., NEJM 1990)
Did the Netherlands trial of WBRT +/− surgery support or refute the Patchell study?
The Noordijk study supported the findings of the 1st Patchell study. It randomized 63 pts to WBRT alone or surgery + WBRT. WBRT was 40 Gy in 2 Gy bid fx. Pts treated with surgery had improved MS (10 mos vs. 6 mos, p = 0.04) and longer functional independence (7.5 mos vs. 3.5 mos, p = 0.06). (Noordijk E et at., IJROBP 1994)
Does adj WBRT after surgical resection of a brain met improve OS?
No. Postop WBRT following resection of a brain met does not improve survival. In the 2nd Patchell study for brain mets, 95 pts following surgical resection of a −single met were randomized to no further Tx or WBRT (50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy/fx). WBRT decreased LR (10% vs. 46%), decreased the rate of any brain failure (18% vs. 70%), and decreased the rate of neurologic death (14% vs. 44%) but did significantly change MS (48 wks vs. 43 wks). (Patchell R et al., JAMA 1998)
Are there any current studies assessing the benefit of WBRT?
Yes. EORTC 22952 is an RCT of pts with 1–3 brain mets s/p surgery or SRS randomized to no further Tx vs. WBRT. This was closed to accrual in 2007 but has not yet been reported.
What was the 1st randomized study of WBRT +/− an SRS boost?
The 1st RCT of WBRT +/− an SRS boost was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh. 27 pts with KPS ≥70 and 2–4 mets ≤2.5 cm that were at least 5 mm from the chiasm were randomized to WBRT (30 Gy/12 fx) +/− a 16-Gy boost. The trial closed early b/c of significant difference in brain control. The SRS arm had a longer time to LF (36 mos vs. 6 mos, p = 0.0005) and longer time to any brain failure (34 mos vs. 5 mos, p = 0.002) but no difference in OS (11 mos vs. 7.5 mos, p = 0.11). (Kondziolka D et al., IJROBP 1999)
According to RTOG 9508, which pts had a survival advantage with the addition of an SRS boost to WBRT?
RTOG 9508 randomized 331 pts with 1–3 brain mets to WBRT + SRS boost vs. WBRT alone. WBRT on both arms was 37.5 Gy in 2.5 Gy/fx. The SRS boost dose was dependent on size in accordance with RTOG 9005. On univariate analysis, the addition of SRS improved the MS for pts with a single brain met (6.5 mos vs. 4.9 mos, p = 0.39). On subgroup multivariate analysis (MVA), RPA class I pts had improved survival with the SRS boost, as did pts with a lung cancer primary. (Andrews D et al., Lancet 2004)
What is the main determinant in selecting the Rx dose for SRS Tx of a brain met?
The SRS Rx dose for a brain met is determined by size in accordance with the results of RTOG 9005, a dose escalation study: 24 Gy if <2-cm diameter, 18 Gy if 2–3 cm, and 15 Gy if 3–4 cm. (Shaw H et al., IJROBP 1996)
What retrospective data supports the omission of upfront WBRT in pts treated with SRS for brain mets?
Sneed et al. compiled a database from 10 U.S. −institutions to assess the effect of omitting upfront WBRT in pts treated with SRS for brain mets. 983 pts were analyzed and excluded pts treated with surgery (159 pts) and pts with a >1-mo interval between WBRT and SRS (179 pts). Of 569 evaluable pts, 268 had SRS alone and 301 had upfront WBRT + SRS. When adjusted for RPA class, there was no difference in survival. (IJROBP 2002)
According to randomized data, what is the effect of delaying WBRT after SRS for pts with 1–4 brain mets?
JROSG99-1 showed that the omission of WBRT after SRS for 1–4 brain mets does not affect survival but increases the risk of intracranial relapse (46% with SRS + WBRT vs. 76.4% with SRS alone) and thus increases the need for salvage Tx. (Aoyama H et al., JAMA 2006)
What was the 1st ran−domized trial to assess the effect of delaying WBRT after SRS?
The 1st trial to assess the effect of delaying WBRT after SRS was JROSG99-1. 132 pts with 1–4 mets were randomized to SRS or WBRT + SRS. The SRS dose was based on size (lesions ≤2 cm to 22–25 Gy; lesions >2 cm to 18–20 Gy) and randomization (30% SRS dose reduction for pts on the WBRT arm). The WBRT dose was 30 Gy in 10 fx. (Aoyama H et al., JAMA 2006)
In the RTOG SRS dose escalation study, did pts rcv WBRT?
No. In RTOG 9005, an SRS dose escalation study, pts did not rcv WBRT.
Is there any data on SRS dosing with planned WBRT?
Yes. Retrospective data from the University of −Kentucky showed that optimal control of brain mets ≤2 cm was achieved with SRS of 20 Gy + WBRT. Pts treated with >20 Gy SRS + WBRT had higher rates of grade 3–4 neurotoxicity. (Shehata M et al., IJROBP 2004)
Is there any data comparing surgery + WBRT with SRS alone?
Yes. Retrospective data from Germany comparing RPA class I–II pts with 1–2 brain mets treated either with surgery + WBRT or SRS alone suggests that SRS is as effective. Of 206 pts treated from 1994–2006, 94 pts had SRS alone (18–25 Gy), and 112 pts had resection + WBRT (30 Gy/10 or 40 Gy/20). At 12 mos, there was no difference in OS (~50% in both groups), LC, or brain control. There was no difference according to the RPA group. (Rades D et al., Cancer 2007)
Can pts treated with WBRT for brain mets be reirradiated?
Yes. Reirradiation following WBRT may be considered in pts who initially responded well to WBRT and then develop worsening neurologic function at least 4 mos after initial WBRT. (Cooper J et al., Radiology 1990)
What dose should be used for reirradiation after WBRT for brain mets?
The optimal dose for reirradiation after WBRT is unknown. 20 Gy in 10 fx is often used.
How are the fields arranged for WBRT?
WBRT is delivered using opposed lat fields; a post gantry tilt of 3–5 degrees is used to avoid divergence into the eyes; and multileaf collimation or custom blocks are used to ensure adequate coverage of the cribriform plate, temporal lobe, and brain stem while protecting the eyes, nasal cavity, and oral cavity. The inf border is generally set at C1-2.
Should surgery be used for recurrent tumors?
Yes. Retrospective data from MDACC have suggested that reoperation for recurrent brain mets can prolong survival and improve QOL. MVA revealed several −negative prognostic factors: presence of systemic Dz, KPS <70, short time to recurrence (<4 mos), age ≥40 yrs, and breast and melanoma primaries. (Bindal R et al., J Neurosurg 1995)
What is the advantage of tumor bed radiosurgery after brain met resection?
Retrospective data from the University of Sherbrooke in Canada have suggested that SRS to the tumor bed following resection for brain mets achieves LC rates that are comparable to WBRT but does not impact the development of remote brain mets. 40 pts underwent resection → SRS at a median of 4 wks post resection. 73% achieved LC, and 54% developed new brain mets. (Mathieu D et al., Neurosurgery 2008)
What are potential acute toxicities of WBRT?
Potential WBRT acute toxicities: alopecia, fatigue, HA, n/v, ototoxicity
What are potential long-term toxicities of WBRT?
Potential WBRT chronic toxicities: thinned hair, decline in short-term memory, altered executive function, leukoencephalopathy, brain atrophy, normal pressure hydrocephalus, RT necrosis
What is the relationship between WBRT-induced brain met shrinkage and neurocognitive function?
WBRT-induced brain met shrinkage correlates with improved neurocognitive function. This was demonstrated in an analysis of 208 pts with brain mets randomized to WBRT alone on a phase III trial of WBRT +/− motexafin gadolinium. Pts with a good response (>45% tumor volume reduction at 2 mos) to WBRT had a longer time to decline in neurocognitive function. (Li J et al., JCO 2007)
What daily fx size in WBRT is associated with RT necrosis?
WBRT administered in fx sizes >300 cGy/day are associated with RT necrosis. (DeAngelis L et al., Neurology 1989)
Name the potential acute toxicities of SRS for brain mets.
Potential acute toxicities of SRS for brain mets: HA, nausea, dizziness/vertigo, seizure
What is the risk of symptomatic RT necrosis after SRS for brain mets?
There is an ~5% risk of symptomatic RT necrosis secondary to SRS for brain mets. This is usually treated with steroids but may require surgery.
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December 13, 2019
Scott Peterson, Director of Communications, Office of Public Information, 410-313-2022
Marla Moore, Outreach Coordinator, Office of Human Rights, 410-313-6430
ELLICOTT CITY, MD – Howard County Executive Calvin Ball and the Office of Human Rights invite the public to join them for an evening celebrating Kwanzaa, a seven-day festival commemorating the African-American people, their culture and their heritage. The celebration will take place on Thursday, December 26 at 5:30 p.m. at the George Howard Building, 3430 Court House Drive in Ellicott City.
"Kwanzaa reminds us to honor family, culture, and community," said Ball. "In Howard County, where our diversity and unity is our strength, the seven principles of Kwanzaa are important reminders during this holiday season and throughout the year."
Kwanzaa was created by Dr. Maulana Karenga, professor and chairman of Black Studies at California State University, Long Beach, in 1966 to celebrate family, community and culture. Observed from December 26 thru January 1, the Kwanzaa celebration is modeled after the first harvest celebrations in many African traditions. The name Kwanzaa is derived from the phrase “matunda ya kwanza,” which means “first fruits” in Swahili.
Today, millions of people around the world show their belief in Kwanzaa’s seven principles (Unity, Self-Determination, Collective Work and Responsibility, Cooperative Economics, Purpose, Creativity and Faith) and seven symbols (Crops, a Mat, Candle Holder, Corn, Gifts, Unity Cup and the 7 candles) with celebrations that often include songs and dances, African drums, storytelling, poetry reading, lighting of the candles on the Kinara (candleholder) and a large traditional meal.
The County’s celebration on the 26th will include food, vendors and presentations from several community members and/or organizations.
For additional questions and/or more information about the event, contact the Office of Human Rights at 410-313-6430.
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London, 11 Feb – The Iranian regime test-fired ballistic missiles at the end of January. Through this test-firing, Tehran was also testing President Trump – testing to see how far he could be pushed and how he would react to such a defiant reaction.
Tehran knew that during Obama’s time in office it could get away with anything. No matter what actions Tehran took, it could be safe in the knowledge that not a whisper of consequences would be actioned.
However, National Security Advisor Michael Flynn assured that the new administration will not be turning a blind eye. He stated that swift action would be taken for further violations.
A second missile launch was planned and the Iranian regime is still heavily involved with supporting international terrorism. This should be the indicator to the United States that Iran needs to be stopped immediately.
Many have suggested that the quickest and most effective way of doing this would be to designate its Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) a foreign terrorist organisation and to increase sanctions on it.
The IRGC has a major role in Iran. It is central to the oppression at home and is central to the country’s export of terrorism. It plays a major part in the chaos across the Middle East by supporting Bashar al-Assad in Syria, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Houthis in Yemen and Shia militias in Iraq, to name but a few.
The US also knows that the IRGC was involved with the Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia and the Jewish Community Centre bombing in Argentina. Many of the roadside bombings that claimed the lives of hundreds of soldiers in Iraq were planned by the IRGC.
The IRGC also controls the economy of Iran with its large business empire. The sanctions lifted by President Obama benefitted the IRGC to no end.
If the Trump administration placed more sanctions on the IRGC it could start off the process of eliminating threats to stability in the Middle East (and beyond). Cooperation with other nations in the region could eliminate Iran’s militias in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria.
However, sanctions are not enough. The Trump administration has to address a problem that is getting worse and worse in Iran – domestic oppression. The people of Iran have been calling for democracy and human rights for decades. The people have risen numerous times. In 2009, millions of Iranians took to the streets protesting against absolute clerical rule.
The National Council of Resistance (NCRI), which has international support from a whole host of political parties, is striving for a non-nuclear, democratic and secular Iran where the people are free. Supporting the NCRI, and thus the millions of people in Iran who are desperate for freedom, will send an essential message to the mullahs – that its terror will no longer be tolerated.
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Roman Dalmatics for deacons( number of products: 11 )
The Roman Catholic clergies use so many liturgical vestments. The Roman dalmatic is one of them.
What is the Roman dalmatic?
The dalmatic is a vestment worn over the alb by the deacon during Mass and bishops on special occasions such as coronations. The Roman dalmatic is a long, full, enclosed white garment with broad sleeves that falls to the knees or lower. The dalmatic was originally made of linen, cotton, wool, or silk and ornamented with colorful stripes across the cuffs of the sleeves and colorful vertical stripes (clavi) descending front and back from the shoulders. It is typically worn unguarded.
History of the Roman dalmatic
In 18th-century vestment fashion, the underside of the sleeves is slit so that the dalmatic becomes a mantle like a scapular with a head opening and two square portions of the cloth hanging from the shoulder over the upper arm. Modern dalmatics are longer and have closed sleeves with open sides below the sleeve. The vestment is distinguished by two vertical stripes that extend from the shoulder to the hem; according to Roman practice, these stripes are thin and occasionally joined at the bottom by two narrow cross-stripes.
In the latter half of the third century AD, dalmatics became the norm for upper-class women's clothing. It was a common article of clothing during the fourth century when liturgical vestments began to evolve separately. It was typically worn over a longer tunic by the upper classes and as the longest portion of the attire of men of lesser status.
Who wears the Roman dalmatic?
The Roman dalmatic is the appropriate vestment of a deacon at Mass, Holy Communion, or other Eucharistic celebrations such as baptism or marriage. Although it is uncommon, bishops may wear it over the alb and below the chasuble, in which case it is referred to as pontifical dalmatic.
It is an outer vestment, similar to the chasuble worn by priests and bishops, and typically matches the liturgical color of the day. To make a matched pair, the dalmatic is frequently fashioned of the same material and decorated as the chasuble. Matching chasuble, dalmatic, and tunicle vestment sets are included in traditional Solemn Mass vestment sets.
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Books we recommend
Thanks to Amazon, we no longer sell books, but here is a list of classics that might help you.
Animatronics: Guide to Holiday Displays, 1st ED
by Edward Wise
Finally, a book that covers the basics of amateur animatronics! Electronic hobbyists and Home Haunters, take note! This hands-on, project-oriented book on animated holiday display covers simple, classic projects and advanced motion animation used in professional mechatronic systems. It includes tips and tricks for sculpting and decorating all of your self-operated mechanisms along the way. Author Edwin Wise takes the reader inside his world of robotics in an innovative guide to designing, developing, and building animated displays centered around the holidays of Halloween and Christmas. Covers four broad categories including: electrical animations, pneumatic animations, servo animations, and control systems. Also covered are "background" projects that include stationary systems such as fog chillers and how to make water glow under black light. This book guides you through the project of building and shows how to control it with AC motors and pneumatics systems inside your animated props. This does overlap a little with his other volume, "Applied Robotics" (see below).
by Edward Wise
A hands-on introduction to the field of robotics, this book will guide the hobbyist through the issues and challenges of building a working robot. Each chapter builds upon the previous one, extending a core robot project throughout the book. Examples of chapters include: mechanical platforms, power supplies, adding sense, microcontrollers, insect robots, pneumatics, more behavior and intelligence, programming projects, robot behaviors, and much more.
Special Makeup Effects Books
Techniques of Three-Dimensional Makeup
by Lee Baygan
The most complete book on makeup prosthetics available. Contents include:
- Making a Life Mask
- Breakdown of the Life Mask
- The Three-Piece Mold
- Casting Hands
- Modeling and Modeling Tools
- Modeling and Casting Large Pieces
- Foam Latex
- Making Teeth
- Making Ears
- Casting a Full Head
- Plus much more
Do It Yourself Vacuum Forming
by Douglas E. Walsh
This is the only book that covers all the basics of low-cost vacuum forming, including molds, materials, heat sources, vacuum sources and suppliers. It offers many excellent ideas for people who want to get set up on a limited budget. This book is well worth the investment. We consider it one of our Top Ten Books available for purchase.
Molding and Casting Handbook
by Thurston James
The Moldmaking Guide is 63 pages. The Casting Guide is 77 pages. The Source Guide for Modelmaking, Moldmaking, and Casting Materials is 28 pages, and contains 279 sources for 219 materials! There is also a Bonus Guide with charts and other valuable information. The covers are plain paper and are stapled together, but they contain the best collection of practical information ever seen in an easy-to-read format. They cover procedures used extensively in special effects and other industries.
Mold Making and Casting Guides
by Castcraft Co.
Set includes the following four books:
- MOLDMAKING GUIDE
- CASTING GUIDE
- SOURCE GUIDE
- BONUS GUIDE
Moldmaking Guide is 63 pages. Casting Guide is 77 pages. Source Guide for 186 sources of 210 materials is 28 pages. There is also a Bonus Guide with charts and other valuable information. The covers are plain and are stapled together, but they contain the best collection of practical information ever seen in an easy-to-read format. Covers procedures used extensively in special effects and other industries.
The Monstrous Make-Up Manual Book #1
by Mike Spatola
Learn how the experts create fun and frightening horror make-ups. From simple to state of the art techniques for Hobbyists, Haunted Attractions and the Film Industry. Over 26 terrifying make-ups and hundreds of pro techniques, (with Zombies and Vampires Galore!) The single most illustrated step-by-step guide on monster make-up...Ever!
Professional Techniques include easy step-by-step instructions for: Foam Latex Appliances, Pros-Aide Transfers, Encapsulated Silicone Appliances, Airbrushing, Mold Making, Sculpting, 3D Out of the Kit techniques, Making Dentures, Face Casting Plus: Simple Paint and Powder Make-ups Too!
The Monstrous Make-Up Manual Book #2
by Mike Spatola
This book will become the college text book for makeup special effects. It is huge! 384 jam packed color pages, 1200 step-by-step photos and instructions for: Foam Latex Appliances, Pros-aide Transfers, Encapsulated Silicone Appliances, Gelatin Appliance, Airbrushing, Mold Making, Sculpting, Making Dentures, Face Casting and much more. If you have a haunted house or simply a desire to do great makeup, this is the book for you!
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Treatments that are applied to non-target areas within the body can lead to unnecessary side effects and cause debilitating symptoms. In some instances, this can prompt patients to stop their course of treatment early. In an effort to combat this and limit side effects, researchers are in the process of designing and developing light-activated small molecules that can be switched on and off in the body.
The treatments would be designed to target and penetrate a specific area, according to an article published in Chemical & Engineering News. A good example of this would be where doctors turn on chemotherapy agents to kill tumors and turn on antibiotics to wipe out bacteria within the body.
Although photoswitchable (also known as photodynamic) therapies aren’t new, they are still in the process of being developed and have some drawbacks. For instance, certain therapies are switched on with UV light, but wavelengths don’t penetrate very far through the skin and can cause mutations.
Additionally, the treatment may face some pushback when it comes to obtaining regulatory approvals because it is very complex. Despite some of the anticipated obstacles, chemists are moving forward with their research in hope that more selective therapies could be used to treat patients in need.
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A 19th Century Painted Chest
A painted and decorated pine chest of drawers.
The three long graduated drawers and the upper two short drawers all have their original faux bamboo decoration and ebonised handles.
An extremley scarce piece in a superb state of preservation.
English, early 1870s.
H:100 W:99 D:47 CM
H:39.4 W:39 D:18.5 INCHES
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FL Studio Music Making Class
n this course you will learn how to make music like all of your favorite musicians! FL Studio is one of the most popular programs for modern musicians. A lot of the most popular hits today were made using FL Studio. At the end of the course we will have a Minecraft DJ party with lots of players featuring YOUR music!
- Lesson 1. Installation of FL Studio and basically understanding of the UI
- Lesson 2. Where to find sounds to start making beats picking tempo making drum loops
- Lesson 3. How to make melodies and put them to drums
- Lesson 4. Advanced note editing and music editing
- Lesson 5. Mixing tracks and using plugins
- Lesson 6. Completing a song and laying it out
- Lesson 7: Finalizing Projects
- Lesson 8: CONCERT DAY
You can view your Report Card by clicking the box below:
TIPS: You will need to expand each topic to see all the grades.
To print you can use your browser’s print function with file, print, OR by right clicking the screen and clicking Print.
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The role of the precedent in the English and Italian judicial system
Beetween Stare Decisis and Constant Jurisprudence
The Common law/Civil law dualism has always been pivotal for any scholar approaching the study of Comparative law. According to reliable statistics, about the 70% of the world finds itself under a legal system identified in Civil Law or Common Law (around 44% of the States are under Civil law, around 27% are under Common law), so anyone who wants to truly dive into the study of matter must almost inevitably deal with at least one of those systems.
The differences between them are of course several and significant, so that one might think that they should be referred as the “antipodes” of the legal system conception, with no chance of commixture from one to the other.
The intent of this paper is to analyze the legal system of two countries, England and Italy, which historically have a very strong tradition of Common and Civil law – being the latter the leading exponent and exporter of the first system, and the former a direct descendant of the Roman law tradition – to assess whether effectively those two systems are diametrically the opposite or instead they might be running together, but in parallel, towards a certain point of coincidence.
The fact that English system is not codified influences, indeed, the task that their Courts have to carry out: not only deciding the case at issue, but also creating and developing new law if necessary. Precedents so are all those decisions that are binding for future judges called to adjudicate similar cases, and that therefore become law themselves: the case-law.
This is a scenario that in Italy cannot be allowed, since the Courts have the specific duty to speak for the law as it is stated in the codes. So, in Italy judges just look at the law and decide the case at stake without being bound by previous decisions, which therefore are only persuasive (in particular the decisions of the Supreme Court of Cassazione).
The purpose of this paper is therefore to analyze the different role of judicial precedents in each jurisdiction, taking a closer look to their relation to the other legislative sources in those countries, in order to find out what kind of influence they might have in the law development process.
Mario Michelangelo Paolini
The role of the precedent in the English and Italian judicial system:
Between Stare Decisis and Constant Jurisprudence
SUMMARY: 1. Contextual background for the comparison – 2. England – 3. Italy – 4. Comparison – Conclusions – Bibliography
- Contextual background for the comparison
As aforementioned, Common and Civil law may be referred as the “antipodes” of the legal system conception.
Since the very beginning of their development, their differences seemed to be so marked that nobody could even suggest the contrary. In fact, while the Civil law system stemmed from Roman law and is referred as “a system of rules prescribed in authoritative texts”, the Common law system is defined as “a body of immemorial customary law discovered by the courts”, and finds its origin in the 11th century in England, precisely after the Norman conquest of 1066.
Before this occurrence, in fact, each part of England had different local rules, an unpleasant situation which rendered very complex the relations between traders due to the halo of uncertainty surrounding the law which was to be applied.
Therefore, the Normans, under command of Henry II, wishing to establish a unified legal system that would become “common” throughout the country, sent out itinerant judges with the task of ensuring a standardized system of law all across the country, issuing uniform decisions based upon a set of common principles which begun to be crystalized in those decisions: these are the first examples of case-law, and that is the beginning of the Common law, a law common to all English people, in England and all over its colonies.
On the other hand, similar difficulties went arising in Continental Europe: around the 6th century, Roman law was the wide legal basis for everyone in the land, but due to its vastness it was impossible to reach uniformity of application; the law used to change depending on the people to whom it was to be applied, the phenomenon of personalità del diritto5 was wide spread.
Thus, despite the need of legal certainty was the same, the solution that Romans adopted pointed in the opposite direction: Justinian, Eastern Roman Emperor, commissioned an encyclopedic work, called Corpus Iuris Civilis, which gathered and harmonized all the roman law in one single, complete Code. All judicial decision had to be taken in accordance with the law in the code, which became the primary source of law. This was the beginning of the Civil law, and the first step of a process of codification that will continue after the French Revolution with the Code Napoléon, the source of inspiration of the modern codes.
Seen that, it is now clear how the main features of these two systems are strictly linked to their historical genesis.
The Civil law system, indeed, entirely relies on the legislative source of law. Its core principles are codified into a referable system which considers these codes as the primary source of law. Civil law proceeds, with a deductive method of reasoning, from abstraction (codes contain general principles which apply to every case that could possibly be brought before the court) to factually specific scenarios, in which judges apply the principles stemmed from the code to the concrete dispute. Therefore, while codified law is the cornerstone of the system, judges are reduced to a subordinated role of applying the law already stated in the codes, just choosing time to time the rule that best fits the case at stake.
Common law, instead, is a system in which law is made by judges: there are not written codes to rely on, therefore law is developed directly by the Courts and stated in decisions issued when judges come to adjudicate individual cases, so after the dispute arises. Thus, here we have an inductive method of reasoning, in which law arises from specific cases to become an abstract rule of general application, crystalized in the judicial precedents. In fact, these decisions will have precedential authority on future cases with similar features, binding judges who are to make future decision just as any other law does: decisions become law itself.
In this system, it is statutory law that assumes a secondary role, very often just reflecting the rules of law enunciated in judicial decisions (i.e., they are the statutory embodiment of rules developed through the judicial decision-making process).
As a consequence of what we have seen, the heritage of English history is now a system in which there is not a written constitution, and nonetheless there are unwritten constitutional principles to rely on, namely the principle of separation of powers, of supremacy of the Parliament and of the rule of law.
For what is our concern, it should be born in mind that supremacy of the Parliament means that the Parliament has the supreme legislative power, and thus supremacy must be given to the result of its work, the statutes.
Therefore, the first thing everyone usually recognizes as characterizing the English law system is often wrong: the primary legislative source is not case law, but, at least in theory, the written law. It indeed prevails in case of conflicts with case law, and therefore is binding to judges, who have to adjudicate the cases in compliance with it. In addiction, judicial decisions are not binding on the legislature, which so can pass new laws to overrule unpopular court decisions.
Despite this, traditionally case law has always played a large role in law-making. The core of the law has always been developed by the judges, relegating the statutes to just a specification of the rules stated in the decisions, only completing the case law.
Moreover, when a case must be adjudicated on the basis of a statute, the latter gets absorbed in the jurisprudential circuit and, from that moment on, the sentence that rely on the given statute will become a binding judgement which will be followed by lower Courts and that will be cited as a Precedent instead of the statute itself.
The result is, thus, a set of decisions that can be cited as “Precedents”, and defined as “rule of law established for the first time by a court for a particular type of case and thereafter referred to in deciding similar cases”.
Hence, it follows that, according to the Stare decisis principle, which governs the English system, whenever a judge comes to adjudicate cases with similar features, s/he must follow the precedent stated in the prior decisions, so that similar facts yield to similar results in order to guarantee an equal treatment for all.
There are actually two kinds of binding precedent: Vertical, which binds all the courts from the highest to the lowest (i.e. from the Supreme Court to the County Court in England), and Horizontal, which binds the issuing court itself and the other on the same level.
Consequently, a lower court may not rule against the higher, even if it feels that the precedent is unjust; it may only express the hope that a higher court will reform the rule in question, issuing an only-persuasive dissenting opinion which might encourage the claimant to appeal the forced decision, in order to let the higher court overturn it, setting a new precedent of higher authority.
However, it must be stressed that not the whole decision is binding, but only the ratio decidendi, which is the abstract principle of law which has been applied to the facts at issue and which have led to the decision, becoming the legal rule deriving from it.
All the other incidental statements about the law which do not constitute part of the court’s ruling on the case at stake, are obiter dicta, so not binding rules but only persuasive justification of the judge’s legal reasoning.
These are the substantial assumptions, but obviously the Stare Decisis rule is not absolute. It will only apply if the facts of the current case are consistent with those of the decision from which is extracted the precedent. If they are fundamentally distinct, the judge will be entitled to hold that the precedent has no applicability in the instant case, according the distinguishing rule, and will issue a new decision which will become a new binding precedent.
Moreover, when the facts are exactly the same and there is no possibility for distinguishing, an higher court can overrule the principle established in an earlier decision by a lower court or another court on the same level, even itself, because appears to be clearly wrong (“when appears to do so” is the wording of the Supreme Court in the Practice Statement of 1966) or so outdated that is no longer applicable for modern times. The decision for the prior case will remain, but from that moment on it is replaced by the fresh issued precedent.
Eventually, a decision of a lower court can be reversed in appeal; here the case is still open and the decision has not become a precedent yet.
Summing up, English judgements create law. They, therefore, have an objective ambit of efficacy, their ruling being applicable to every dispute having the same object, but different subjects. It is fully consistent with the inductive method of reasoning typical of common law systems: proceeding from the specific case to develop a rule of general application.
The Italian system instead, following the Roman tradition and the French Codification experience, is entirely based upon the written legislative source. It has a written Constitution containing all the fundamental principles to comply with, several codes gathering general rules for each branch of law and a set of detailed statutes specifying the abstract rules of the codes.
The role of the courts here is limited to just spot the right rule and apply it to the instant dispute, interpreting it if necessary.
Judges are bound by the law, not by the previous decisions of higher courts.
This is the result of a specific constitutional choice of maintaining the principle of separation of powers very rigid: the Judicial body must not interfere with the legislative power of the Parliament, whose members are directly elected by the people and which therefore is the only one which has the democratic legitimacy to create law.
The law is in fact expression of the people sovereignty, exercised by directly electing their representatives in Parliament (art. 1 Italian Constitution).
And that is the reason why we will not find any reference to the jurisprudence among the Italian legislative sources, but only to the statutes.
Precedents, so, in Italy are only persuasive, because, as article 2909 of Italian Civil Code provides, judgements are only binding on (and therefore constitute law among) the parties, their successors or assignees.
Therefore, Italian decisions have a subjective ambit of efficacy, being applicable only to their recipients and to nobody else, even if a similar dispute arises. They will obviously be strongly persuasive, but the new case will be decided only referring to the law, and nothing prevents judges to reach a different solution.
This is completely coherent with the deductive method of reasoning typical of civil system: proceeding from setting a system of general and abstract rules to a specific application of them.
However, the difference between these two countries is less marked than it appears.
It is true that in common law decisions are considered law according to the Stare Decisis principle, but it is as much true that in civil law systems, although decisions might have only persuasive force, the more cases are decided with consistent reasoning the more weight they acquire: this is the phenomenon of Constant Jurisprudence, a way to give “quasi legislative” effects to the Italian pronounces without violating the principle of separation of powers.
Indeed, the Stare Decisis principle is not followed in Italy because it violates the principle that only the Parliament should make law; therefore, as aforementioned, Italian judgements only have effect between the parties and lower courts are not bound to precedents established by higher courts.
And yet, in practice, a decision of the Italian Supreme Court of Cassazione will be followed by lower courts to the same extent of the english ones, due to the particular Nomofilactic function entrusted to the Supreme Court itself: in addiction of being the Court of last instance in civil and penal matters, it has indeed the task of ensuring the observance and uniform interpretation of the law, in order to guarantee equality of treatment to everybody and the unity of the legal system on the whole national territory.
Thus, with its pronounces, the Court establishes what must be the current interpretation of a certain statute, and lower courts will follow it: they will decide the case at the stake applying the law as interpreted by the Cassazione, giving birth to a series of decisions consistent with the precedent of the Supreme Court. Therefore this constant jurisprudence will define what is called the “living
law”, the current evolution of the law, developed by the Supreme Judicial Authority taking into account the dynamic requirements of the modern society.
However, it must always be stressed that the theoretical difference between Stare Decisis and Constant Jurisprudence, although in practice may lead to same results, remains significant: regarding cases with similar features,39 English lower Courts can’t do anything but applying the binding precedent given by the Supreme Court, while Italian Courts can deliberately avoid it and decide the case for themselves.
They rarely do so because the Cassazione is the court of last instance and thus parties can appeal any kind of decision even slightly divergent from what is the interpretation of the law made by the Court itself with its precedents. And, unless the appealed judge adduces very strong reasonings in order to make the Court change its orientation, the lower decision will inevitably be quashed, and the case sent back to another lower judge, who this time, and only this time, is legally bound by the Court’s decision.
Therefore, although Supreme Court’s precedents are not binding, Italian lower Courts will follow them either way because they are strongly persuasive in their legal reasoning and because they know in advance that different decisions will be quashed if they are not supported by reasonings convincing enough to change Court’s mind.
On the other hand, in England lower courts are bound to the Supreme Court precedent and cannot overturn it even if they disagree; they have to apply it, with the only chance to express their disagreement in a dissenting opinion which will invite the party to appeal the decision and which will hopefully persuade the Supreme Court to overrule their judgement.
Thus, while theory distinguishes them, in practice both systems aim to assure the equality of treatment with a system of precedents which are binding by “reason of authority” according to the English Stare Decisis doctrine, and by “authority of reason” according to the Italian Constant Jurisprudence doctrine.
The result of this – although partial – analysis, is the evidence of how the distinctions between the two systems have blurred, as a consequence of a trend of change registered from both sides, the one taking inspiration from the other, towards a common point of coincidence, a commixture more fitting the modern globalization reality.
Common law countries are adopting some of the characteristics of the Civil law system, while Civil law countries are incorporating some features of the Common law tradition.
Differences between legal systems are not anymore seen as obstacles but as inspiring models to aim if anyone wants to achieve a decent level of integration that a modern, interconnected world as ours requires.
As we have seen above, in Italy the Constant Jurisprudence doctrine combined with the Nomofilactic function of the Supreme Court consent to reach almost the same results of the English Stare Decisis principle, aiming to satisfy the needs of equality of treatment and predictability of the decisions without giving up the characteristic of legal certainty typical of a “code-centric” legal system, but being at the same time flexible and capable to easily adapt the general written rules to the varying and unforeseen conditions of society without turning to the very slow parliamentary law-making process.
Besides, also England, on the other side, has been conditioned by Civil law, especially by the need of a written law more democratic and easily cognizable by people, with an ordinated and referable consulting system in place of the immense and confusing precedent’s yearbooks in which sentences were gathered.
Consequently, the influence of the Parliament on the development of law has increased immeasurably in recent years, with a “legislative hyperactivity” that brought to a process of “statutorification” of the common law principles developed throughout the years into detailed statutes of general application, while the influence of judges has correspondingly decreased, limited to administrate the justice – at most interpreting the statutes if they let so – and leaving the law- making task to the legislative body, more in accordance with the principle of separation of powers and of supremacy of the Parliament.
Therefore, the theoretical distinction between Stare Decisis and Constant Jurisprudence collapses in practice, giving as result two systems that, from opposite starting points, slowly converge – each one taking advantage of some positive characteristics of the other – realizing two “contaminated” systems that are better aware of the needs, the wants and the usages of the dynamic and globalized modern society.
– Apple James G., A Primer on the Civil-Law System, and Deyling Robert P. , Chief, Interjudicial Affairs Office Federal Judicial Center, Judicial Fellow, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, 1994–1995
– Avery, The English Legal System
– Carlson Laura, American Business Law For Civil Law Lawyers
– Reitz John C., HOW TO DO COMPARATIVE LAW, American Journal of Comparative Law Fall, 1998, Symposium: “New Directions in Comparative Law”, Comparative Law in the United States Today: Distinctiveness, Quality, and Tradition , Lloyd Duhaime. “Common Law Legal Definition”. duhaime.org
– Professor Richards Edward, The Importance of Precedent, LSU Law Center
– Black’s Law Dictionary (5th ed. 1979)
– Elliott, C. and Quinn, F. (2011) English Legal System, London: Longman
– Griffith, R. and Tengnah, C., Law and Professional Issues in Nursing, London: Learning Matters, (2010)
– Tetley William, Mixed jurisdictions: common law vs civil law (codified and uncodified) (Part I) Q.C.
– C 6/64 Costa v Enel, ECLI:EU:C:1964:66
– London Street Tramways Co. Ldt v. London County Council, 1898
– Mason v State. 2005, Court of Arkansas
– McFarlane v Tayside Health Board , House of Lords
– Parkinson v St. James and Seacroft University Hospital NHS Trust , All ER – Rees v Darlington Memorial Hospital NHS Trust , House of Lords
– Young v. Bristol Airplane co., 1944, Court of Appeal
– Wason v Walter (1868), All ER
– Codice Civile, (Regio Decreto 16 marzo 1942, n. 262)
– Codice di Procedura Civile, (Regio Decreto 28 ottobre 1940, n. 1443 in G.U. 28 ottobre 1940) -Constitutional Reform Act, 2005
– Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana, [Gazzetta Ufficiale 27 dicembre 1947, n. 298].
– Practice Statement, 1966
– Regio Decreto n. 12 del 1941
The codes are entire bodies of general statutes which deal with generalities and guide the legislator in creating new statutes (written law) outside the code, dealing with more specific matters following the codified principles.
“The common law is judicially created law that is developed on a case by case basis,” wrote Chief Justice Hannah of the Supreme Court of Arkansas in Mason v State.
Even though it should be more accurate to describe it as an “uncodified” Constitution rather than an “unwritten one”, seen that these principles might be considered as stemming from several important documents of English history such as the Magna Charta and the Bill of Rights.
From Latin maxim “stare decisis et quieta non muovere”, literally “let the decision stand and don’t unsettle what is
The English Court’s Hierarchy: Supreme Court – Court of Appeal – High Court and Crown Court – subordinated courts such as Magistrates and County Courts.
However, later on, the House of Lords also recognized the possibility for itself to avoid its own precedents, but only “when appears right to do so” with the Practice Statement, 1966. Likewise the Appeal Court can exceptionally overcome its pronounces. See Young v. Bristol Airplane co., 1944.
Dissenting opinions constitute obiter dicta.
The judge can distinguish between two similar cases due to some particular details that are decisive to a distinction, nut can also individuate a completely new and never adjudicated situation: this eventuality is called “matter of first impression”.
Civil code, Penal Code, Administrative code etc.
Moreover, art. 101 of Italian Constitution explicitly says that judges are subject to the law, therefore they cannot be allowed to create what they are suppose to be bound by.
Art 1 disp. att. Codice Civile, (Regio Decreto 16 marzo 1942, n. 262).
According to Art. 70 Cost.
Nomofilachia, from greek νόμος and φυλασσο, literally protection of the law.
Aimed by art 3 Cost.
Art. 65, regio decreto n. 12 del 1941.
Art. 384 Codice di Procedura Civile, (Regio Decreto 28 ottobre 1940, n. 1443 in G.U. 28 ottobre 1940).
As a matter of fact, the Parliamentary law making process is extremely slow, while the judge-made law is able to be more responsive to the changing of society circumstances (Griffith and Tengnah, 2010).
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Computer aided design (Computer Aided Design) is the utilization of PC programming to plan and report an item’s design procedure.
Drawing involves the utilization of graphical images, for example, focuses, lines, bends, planes and shapes. Basically, it gives itemized portrayal about any part in a graphical shape.
Since visual articles rise above dialects, building drawings have advanced and turned out to be well known throughout the years.
While prior building drawings were high quality, examines have demonstrated that designing design are very muddled.
An answer for some building issues requires a blend of association, examination, critical thinking standards and a graphical portrayal of the issue.
Protests in building are spoken to by a specialized illustration (likewise called as drafting) that speaks to design and determinations of the physical question and information connections.
Since a specialized illustration is exact and imparts all data of the question plainly, it must be exact.
This is the place CAD goes to the fore.
Computer aided design remains for Computer Aided Design. Computer aided design is utilized to configuration, create and enhance items.
While it is exceptionally flexible, CAD is broadly utilized as a part of the plan of instruments and gear required in the assembling procedure and additionally in the development area.
Computer aided design empowers configuration architects to format and to build up their work on a PC screen, print and spare it for future altering.
When it was presented to start with, CAD was not precisely a financial recommendation on the grounds that the machines at those circumstances were exorbitant.
The expanding PC control in the later piece of the twentieth century, with the landing of minicomputer and in this way the microchip, has enabled designers to utilize CAD documents that are an exact portrayal of the measurements/properties of the question.
Utilization of CAD
Computer aided design is utilized to achieve fundamental plan and formats, design subtle elements and estimations, making 3-D models, making and discharging drawings, and in addition interfacing with examination, promoting, assembling, and end-client work force.
Computer aided design encourages the assembling procedure by exchanging nitty gritty data about an item in a computerized shape that can be all around deciphered via prepared faculty.
It can be utilized to deliver either two-dimensional or three-dimensional charts.
The utilization of CAD programming devices enable the question be seen from any point, even from within watching out.
One of the primary points of interest of a CAD drawing is that the altering is a quick procedure when contrasted with manual technique.
Aside from point by point building of 2D or 3D models, CAD is generally utilized from calculated design and format of items to meaning of assembling of parts.
Computer aided design diminishes configuration time by permitting exact reenactment instead of fabricate and test physical models.
Coordinating CAD with CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) streamlines the item advancement significantly more.
Computer aided design is as of now generally utilized for modern items, enlivened motion pictures and different applications.
An exceptional printer or plotter is normally required for printing proficient design renderings.
Computer aided design programs utilize either vector-based drawings or raster drawings that show how a question will look.
Computer aided design programming.
- Efficiency in the nature of design
- Increase in the Engineer’s profitability
- Improve record keeping through better documentation and correspondence
Today, the utilization of CAD has pervaded all enterprises. From aviation, hardware to assembling, CAD is utilized as a part of all industry verticals.
Since CAD supports imagination and accelerates profitability, it is winding up increasingly valuable as an essential device for perception before really executing an assembling procedure.
That is likewise one reason CAD preparing is increasing increasingly significance.
Kinds of CAD Software
Since its presentation in late 1960’s, CAD programming has enhanced significantly. A wide characterization of CAD is:
- 2D CAD
- 3D CAD
- 3D Wireframe and Surface Modeling
- Solid Modeling
With an ever increasing number of organizations (if not all) swinging to CAD/CAE/CAM to accomplish productivity.
Exactness and diminished time-to-market of items, there is a developing interest for CAD programming.
The business pioneers in this space incorporate AutoCAD, Dassault Systems, Siemens and Altair.
Prologue to AutoCAD Software
Planning is the way toward changing over a thought into a question, item or a framework.
This procedure is iterative. Computer aided design (Computer Aided Design) is a device that can be utilized for plan and drafting exercises.
Since it utilizes the figuring intensity of a processor, CAD drawings are speedier, preferable and more precise over their physically drafted partners.
AutoCAD is complex CAD programming that is synonymous with building drafting.
The idea of AutoCAD advanced path back in the 1980’s.
When specialists and modelers were trying to saddle the intensity of recently acquainted PCs with diminish the drafting time.
Individuals started exploring different avenues regarding inner realistic controllers which enabled them to draw building/engineering drawings at the front end which were productively duplicated at the back end of the PC.
AutoCAD was formally propelled in December 1982 via Autodesk, a pioneer in 3D configuration.
Building and amusement programming. Basically, AutoCAD empowers specialists, creators and draftsmen to deliver 2D and 3D models utilizing PCs.
AutoCAD in this manner covers a huge canvas – from building to mechanical segment, there is an AutoCAD bundle for everybody.
In that sense, AutoCAD is an even item. It is utilized result advancement groups, producing offices, media and media outlets, engineers, modelers; teachers and understudies; business people, non-benefits, restorative experts, and including learners. AutoCAD is in this manner helpful for any space that requires 2D and 3D design.
Highlights of AutoCAD
When we say ‘highlights’, we don’t mean the orders offered via AutoCAD with regards to this article. Rather, we feature the contrasts amongst AutoCAD and other CAD programming that make AutoCAD a prevalent drafting instrument.
Built basically as a drafting instrument, AutoCAD offers unparalleled drafting abilities.
Examine Object Details:
The highlights incorporated into AutoCAD permit top to bottom examination and perception of 2D and 3D models.
Since AutoCAD is to a great degree well known, there is a colossal number of modules that are accessible which make the product more helpful and cordial.
AutoCAD permits API mix with spreadsheets, report editors and different utilities. This is to a great degree valuable when sharing the yield of the product.
Since AutoCAD is exceptionally prominent, there are preparing establishments that educate the product from apprentice level to the propelled level.
Place in Industry
While there are other CAD frameworks (like CATIA, Ansys, and so forth.) accessible today, AutoCAD possesses an extraordinary place in the market.
Today, it has become the business pioneer in the suite of CAD programming, with a huge number of clients in excess of 150 nations.
Regardless it has a lion’s offer in the CAD showcase, in spite of the opposition offered by CATIA, Ansys, and so on.
With its different forms – separated from the standard compositional and building drafting fields – AutoCAD additionally discovers use in a shifted number of ventures like mold outlining, 3D printing and as a modern planning apparatus.
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For the owners and operators of franchise businesses, success rests on the ability to establish and maintain a relationship with customers that will result in sales. Franchise marketing efforts are foundational to reaching an audience and growing the business.
However, franchise marketing campaigns can be undermined by common marketing mistakes, resulting in fragmented brand identities, lost opportunities, and the misuse of resources, working against the achievement of franchise goals.
5 Common Franchise Marketing Mistakes
1. Inconsistent Branding
Franchise brand consistency is required to build a strong brand identity that customers can easily identify and connect with on an emotional level. Inconsistent branding is a marketing mistake that weakens messaging, which can lead to confusion, loss of trust, and a perception of lower quality to the audience.
Brand identity defines the business, creating differentiation and competitive advantage in a crowded marketplace. 90% of consumers expect a consistent experience across all channels of interaction with a company. An inconsistent message disappoints consumer expectations, diluting brand identity and ultimately, creating a disconnect with the target audience.
2. Ignoring Local Trends
A costly franchise marketing mistake is not paying enough attention to local trends and losing the opportunity for timely campaigns that are relevant to local consumers.
The value of local marketing is being recognized by national brands, who are investing more money in local efforts. A recent study shows that investments in local advertising are expected to increase from $61 billion in 2016 to $74 billion by 2021.
Appealing to a local audience using local trends is an excellent way to form a connection with customers, personalizing brand messaging to strengthen the bond between product and consumer.
3. Not Producing Enough Content
When a brand isn’t producing enough content, they don’t stay fresh in the mind of the consumer. This common marketing mistake creates a lack of access to marketing assets such as flyers, menus, coupons and promotional offers severely limits how franchises can reach customers, limiting the potential to grow sales and revenues.
Relevant, updated content can improve business results in many ways. Research found that 81% of marketers found content marketing to increase brand awareness, and 68% found it successful in building credibility and trust and generating leads and sales.
4. Lack of Marketing Alignment
If the franchise goals and objectives are not aligned with those of the corporate office, it can result in a breakdown in support and communication between headquarters and locations.
A clear statement of corporate goals and objectives, with a natural understanding of how franchise activities contribute to achieving those goals, is the first step in keeping corporate and franchise activities aligned and focused on the same ends.
5. Inefficient Marketing Workflows
A lack of formalized marketing workflows for distributing on-brand marketing materials between locations results in significant inefficiencies, resulting in wasted time and resources. This marketing mistake causes franchisees to create new marketing assets unnecessarily, expending time, money, and effort that they could better use elsewhere.
Addressing Franchise Marketing Mistakes
Marketers can address many of the marketing mistakes that are common among franchises by implementing a comprehensive distributed marketing resource platform that provides structured workflows between headquarters and franchises.
A distributed marketing platform, like CampaignDrive, can help a company create a source of accessible marketing materials with limited customization, that can be used by franchises to create on-brand, timely, and relevant marketing materials.
CampaignDrive allows corporate teams to easily share branded assets with franchise locations to eliminate one-off requests and empower local marketing teams to quickly react to regional forces. CampaignDrive empowers companies to streamline marketing workflows and improve efficiency and leverage a reporting tool which allows for improvements in ROI and the channeling of available resources.
Request a consultation with our team to ensure your franchise locations have the skills and tools needed to maximize marketing efforts at every level.
- https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2019_B2B_Research_Final-10_10_18.pdf -- page 36
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Is Lipton a Pakistani brand?
Lipton is a British brand of tea, owned by Unilever.
Who owns Lipton’s tea?
At its inception, Unilever brought the marketing power of the Lipton brand and the deep rooted tea expertise, while PepsiCo brought the bottling network expertise and field marketing capabilities.
Where is Lipton tea originally from?
It Began as a Grocery Store In 1871, Sir Thomas Lipton opened Lipton Grocery in Glasgow, Scotland. A few years later, he bought five bankrupt plantations in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and turned them into efficient and quality tea fields so he could sell his own tea in the market for at whatever price he wanted.
Why is Lipton tea not sold in UK?
Lipton tea doesn’t really conform to what we call tea in the UK. It is very weak compared to the leading brands. To get a cup of tea as strong as we drink in the UK, you would need several tea bags in a cup.
Who owns Pure leaf tea?
About Pure Leaf The Pepsi Lipton Tea partnership is a joint venture between PepsiCo and Unilever. The partnership includes a complete portfolio of ready- to-drink iced teas for every occasion, including Lipton Iced Tea, Pure Leaf Iced Tea and Brisk Iced Tea.
What is the meaning of Lipton?
English: habitational name from Lipton in East Allington, Devon, which is probably named from Old English tun ‘settlement’ with an uncertain first element.
Why did Unilever sell Lipton?
The sale is seen as part of Unilever’s broad strategy to divest slow-growth legacy brands or categories, and concentrate more on ones with a perceived higher growth potential, such as plant-based alternative proteins.
When did Pepsi buy Lipton?
“Our interests in that JV are very well-protected,” Johnston said. The US/Canada JV dates back to 1991, when PepsiCo and Unilever agreed to bottle teas under a Lipton brand that was then most closely associated with brewed tea.
Who founded Lipton?
So how did Thomas Lipton build this tea empire? Lipton was already a self-made millionaire before he ever entered the tea trade. He was the Scottish-born son of an Irish grocer, and in Glasgow in 1871, he founded the first of a successful chain of grocery stores that made him a wealthy man by age 40.
Why is there a shortage of Pure Leaf tea?
In order to meet shifting consumer demand during the pandemic, we had to prioritize the production of many of our products, which unfortunately has led to a temporary suspension of some of our offerings.
Who were the Liptons?
The Liptons had been smallholders in County Fermanagh for generations but, by the late 1840s, Thomas Lipton’s parents had been forced to leave Ireland due to the potato famine of 1845. Moving to Scotland in search of a better living for their young family, the Liptons had settled in Glasgow by 1847.
What is Bruce Lipton known for?
(April 2020) Bruce Harold Lipton (born 21 October 1944 at Mount Kisco, New York), is an American developmental biologist notable for his views on epigenetics. In his book The Biology of Belief, he claims that beliefs control human biology rather than DNA and inheritance.
When did Sir Thomas Lipton die?
Sir Thomas Lipton, Bt Born Thomas Johnstone Lipton ( 1848-05-10) 10 Died 2 October 1931 (1931-10-02) (aged 83) Lo Occupation Merchant, company founder, yachtsman Known for Founder of Lipton tea
Is there a Lipton tea shop in the UK?
Lipton was also a supermarket chain in the United Kingdom, later sold to Argyll Foods, after which the company sold only tea. The company is named after its founder Sir Thomas Lipton.
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IBM Corp. has announced the first two in a planned series of eight centres around the world designed to help build up local expertise in the service-oriented architecture (SOA) approach to IT development.
The move to create so-called SOA Leadership Centres is in response to customer demand, according to Jason Weisser, vice president and chief technology officer of IBM’s SOA advance technology. While IBM has already established centers in China and India focused on developing reusable industry-specific Web services, what users would like more help with is SOA education and training.
SOA is a way for organizations to both develop and manage their IT systems through reusable technologies, but trying to get that concept across to business people within a company is proving difficult for some IT departments. The centers will make SOA proof-of-concept (POC) teams available who can go to a customer and help explain the business benefits of adopting SOA and create specific proof-points for individual organizations, Weisser said.
As with other technologies, businesspeople need reassurance that SOA isn’t another “flash in the pan or silver bullet” cure-all, Weisser said. They also need to see the approach working within their own organizations. From a business standpoint, SOA is like the imaginary spoon in the classic sci-fi movie “The Matrix.” “There is no spoon,” Weisser said. SOA is much more a representation of a philosophical way of doing things so that technology doesn’t present a barrier to doing business.
The centers will also work closely with local universities advising them on how to create and develop courses on SOA development. The idea is to build up and maintain a “reservoir” of SOA expertise so there are skilled people on hand to work on local SOA deployments.
The first centre to open is in Dubai Internet City, a government-run information technology park. The Dubai government asked IBM to set up the centre and the vendor is working in partnership with Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and the Saudi government on the center. The centre’s virtual operation is already up and running and the physical location will officially open in mid-March. It will employ 26 staff, half from IBM and the other half from the vendor’s partners.
Opening in March or April will be another centre in La Gaude, France, the result of partnerships between IBM and a number of industries, particularly telecommunications. In Japan, auto makers Nissan, Toyota and Honda approached IBM to set up a centre which is also backed by the Japanese government. The location has yet to be determined but it should open in March or April. The location for a fourth centre in Brazil has also yet to be settled on, but already has the backing of the government and IBM partners in the banking and financial industries.
IBM is also looking to open four other centres. One will be in Australia, two in China — in Beijing and Shanghai respectively — and the fourth will be somewhere in Central Europe, most likely Romania or the Czech Republic. IBM would hope to have most of the centres open by the end of June.
At present, the vendor has no plans for any other centre. “We’ll plant the seed and see how well it grows,” Weisser said.
Where is SOA as a technology? “SOA is past the infant stage,” Weisser said. “It’s probably into aggressive crawling.” Walking is one to two years off, but SOA may move straight from “aggressive crawling to aggressive walking,” he added.
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In most industries, drug testing of employees is done with safety in mind. An inebriated warehouse worker could be dangerous, after all. In sports, though, the tests are designed to weed out performance-enhancing substances like steroids, which give users an unfair competitive advantage.
Puffing on a joint won't turn you into a muscle-bound home run machine, so why bother testing for it?
Like most things related to cannabis policy, sports leagues in the United States aren't all on the same page when it comes to the drug. Most leagues don't even have a firm policy that defines whether cannabis is allowed or prohibited outright.
Interestingly, it's the sport often viewed as stuck in the past that has taken the most progressive stance on cannabis: major league baseball removed the drug from its list of prohibited substances in 2019.
The National Hockey League continues to test for cannabis, and positive tests lead to consultation with team doctors, but players are not punished in any way. Of the four major sports leagues in the United States — the NFL, NBA, NHL and MLB — the two most accepting of cannabis, hockey and baseball, are also the only two with a majority of their teams located in jurisdictions where recreational cannabis is legal. Overall, of the 124 teams in those four leagues, 66 or 53 percent are based in cities where cannabis has been legalized.
The other two of the four big leagues, the NFL and NBA, aren't quite on the cutting edge with cannabis.
The NBA suspended cannabis testing for the 2020-21 season, a move spurred on somehow by the coronavirus pandemic, though there's no word on making that suspension permanent once life returns to normal. The NFL continues to include cannabis in its random drug tests, but the league's most recent collective bargaining agreement removed offseason drug tests, making cannabis consumption de facto allowed from April through the start of training camp in August.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, while men's sports are slowly changing with the times, women's sports are embracing the changes. The National Women's Soccer League is, at least. Multiple teams in the United States' top-flight women's soccer league have sponsorship deals with CBD companies. One team, the Portland Thorns, wears the name of a CBD company, complete with those three letters, front and center on their pregame warmup jerseys. ♦
A version of this article first appeared in the Inlander's glossy cannabis magazine, Green Zone Guide.
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Hossein-Ali Nayyeri, the former Head of the Tehran Death Commission, has after 34 years broken his silence and defended the 1988 massacre of political prisoners in Iran with total impunity.
Nayyeri, who is currently Head of the Supreme Disciplinary Court for Judges and a former Vice President of the Supreme Court, stated his position in an interview with the state entity Islamic Revolution Documents Center (IRDC), published on 9 July 2022.
Asked about the mass executions of 1988, Nayyeri stated: “In such critical circumstances, what were we to do? We had to hand down verdicts decisively. He who is running the court and dealing with the cases has to resolve the cases. In such circumstances, we cannot run the country by offering them hugs and kisses!”
Nayyeri went on to vilify the victims by claiming they had staged riots in prisons. He added: “The atmosphere of the prison was in their hands and therefore new conspiracies were at work.”
“If it wasn’t for Imam [Khomeini]’s decisiveness, maybe we wouldn’t have this security at all,” he said in the interview. “Maybe the situation would have been different. Perhaps the Islamic Republic would not have survived at all.”
Nayyeri’s name is first to appear in the list of ‘judges’ appointed to what is now known as the 1988 Death Commissions on the handwritten fatwa by Iran’s then-Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ordering the 1988 massacre. At the time, he was Head of Tehran’s Islamic Revolutionary Courts.
Khomeini’s fatwa states in part:
“[T]hose in prisons throughout the country who remain steadfast in their support for the Monafeqin [PMOI] are waging war on God and are condemned to execution”.
“The task of implementing the decree in Tehran is entrusted to Hojjatol-Eslam Nayyeri, the Shari’a Judge, Mr. Eshraqi, the Tehran prosecutor, and a representative of the Intelligence Ministry”.
Reliable sources indicate that the Tehran Death Commission started its work in Tehran’s Evin Prison on 28 July 1988. The commission operated in both Evin and Gohardasht prisons. It is reported that they used helicopters to commute rapidly between Evin and Gohardasht to issue death sentences.
Iran’s current President Ebrahim Raisi, who was Tehran’s Deputy Prosecutor in 1988, sat alongside Nayyeri as the Tehran Death Commission sent thousands of prisoners to their deaths.
No members of the 1988 Death Commissions have ever been held accountable, and many, like Nayyeri, continue to hold high office in either the government, judiciary or security apparatus.
Nayyeri is a current senior member of the Judiciary, and his comments in defence of the 1988 massacre are indicative of the chronic impunity that exists in that institution.
It’s high time for the United Nations human rights mechanisms to end impunity for Hossein-Ali Nayyeri, Ebrahim Raisi and all the other senior perpetrators of the 1988 mass extra-judicial executions and enforced disappearances of some 30,000 political prisoners.
In January, hundreds of international human rights and legal experts, including the former head of the International Criminal Court and more than 100 current and former UN officials, joined Justice for the Victims of the 1988 Massacre in Iran (JVMI) in writing to the UN Human Rights Council, stating that the 1988 massacre of political prisoners in Iran is believed to amount to “crimes against humanity” and “genocide,” and they called for the establishment of an international inquiry that would bring its perpetrators to justice.
Below is the translation of the passage from Nayyeri’s interview related to the 1988 massacre:
English translation of passage from interview of Hossein-Ali Nayyeri with Iran’s Islamic Revolution Documents Center (IRDC), 9 July 2022:
Interviewer: In recent years, the issue of the executions of the 1980s, and in particular those of 1988, has been brought up. Do you have any comment on this?
Hossein-Ali Nayyeri: That was a special period. The country was in a critical state. If it wasn’t for Imam [Khomeini]’s decisiveness, maybe we wouldn’t have this security at all. Maybe the situation would have been different. Perhaps the Islamic Republic would not have survived at all. There were 50 to 60 terrorist attacks each day in Tehran and other cities. In such critical circumstances what were we to do? We had to hand down verdicts decisively. He who is running the court and dealing with the cases has to resolve the cases. In such circumstances, we cannot run the country by offering them hugs and kisses!”
Interviewer: Some ask what was the need to try once again those who were already in prison and serving their sentences?
Hossein-Ali Nayyeri: They were not tried again for the same case. They staged riots in prisons once again. Even inside the prison, they had their cohesion. Not only did they have organisational interactions, but they had set up a new organisational structure inside the prisons. They would receive information from outside prison through the means that they knew of. The atmosphere of the prison was in their hands and therefore new conspiracies were at work. They weren’t just trying to serve their time.
It’s one thing for someone who, for example, has a five-year prison sentence to say, “I have to stay in prison for five years; why should I care about what they are they doing?” but these people had conspired and coordinated with outside [prison]. That is, they wanted to continue their malice. They said that we should cause economic harm to the regime. Let’s cut the phone cords. Let’s break the lamps, etc. The regime cannot be overthrown with such [trivial] acts. It was childish stubbornness like, for example, when a mother punishes a child, and the child goes somewhere and does something annoying. In a country with so much expenses, would the system be overthrown by breaking four light bulbs?
Interviewer: If they feigned repentance, would they still be pardoned?
Hossein-Ali Nayyeri: We were looking for excuses to release the person. What should we do with a 16 or 17-year-old kid who distributed four leaflets and has no prior history of fighting and now he is in prison? We would free him to go to his mother and father. The prison environment is a polluted environment. He would become worse if he stays there. Many of them learned to become criminals in prison. First, they would go to prison for a knife attack, but then they’d learn from four professional criminals how to be a proper criminal. Prison makes a person more skilled in crime. Therefore, in many cases, we tried not to keep these people in prison.
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One of the most prevalent and natural hair problems is the appearance of grey hair before its normal time. When it comes to premature greying of the hair, the sun, stress, smoking (yeah, that is real), and heredity are all factors that might be to blame. On the other hand, we have also been blaming a few additional things that have absolutely nothing to do with your hair becoming lighter. These causes include:
It is time to unlearn and get your hair care fundamentals clear so you may treat the premature greys in a better and more effective method if you want to. We have heard these erroneous statements from our parents, friends, or other people around us that believed in these myths too. However, it is time to unlearn and get your hair care basics clear.
The following is a list of grey hair myths that need to be dispelled, and you should stop believing them as soon as possible.
Myth 1: Dying Your Grey Hair Will Make It Worse
It is not true that using natural dyes such as henna or hair colors manufactured by trusted brands can hasten the greying process or cause more hair to become grey. It won’t take long for the color to fade away, and doing so won’t make the situation any worse.
Myth 2: Plucking Your Grey Hairs, More Will Regrow in Their Place
This is a typical example of an old wives’ story, which is a phrase that people use to try to discourage you from plucking off your hair. Fortunately, this is not true.
However, although you will not experience premature greying as a consequence of removing individual strands of hair, you run the risk of permanently injuring the hair follicles in those areas, which will ensure that no new hairs will ever come back in their place. Put away the tweezers immediately if you don’t want your hair to be noticeably thinner when you’re older in order to have a fuller, thicker head of hair.
Myth 3: Men Are More Likely to Have Grey Hair Than Women
There is no evidence to support the notion that males obtain grey strands in their hair before women do. However, the pattern of greying that occurs in men and women is distinct from one another. While grey hairs first appear on men’s sides and sides of their heads, women first appear in the frontal region. Growing grey hair is natural and men can still rock their black men’s hair twist styles.
Myth 4: It Will Cause Damage to Your Hair If You Are Having Grey Hair
This is a widespread misunderstanding, yet it is really not too difficult to see why it persists. If you’ve started to go grey, you may have noticed that your grey hair is rougher and more brittle than the rest of your hair. This is a natural consequence of the aging process.
It should be noted, however, that this does not indicate that the loss of pigment is causing any harm; rather, it merely indicates that the new growth is occurring with a thinner cuticle. To provide some background, the cuticle plays a key role in protecting your hair from environmental aggressors such as UV radiation and heat styling, in addition to the loss of water, thus it makes perfect sense that your greys are in a worse state than your other hair.
Myth 5: You’ve Been Bleaching and Dying Your Hair Too Much, Which Is What Causes It
You may relax knowing that the bleach in your hair is not actively damaging your hair follicles. To be more accurate, your genes, in combination with other aspects of your lifestyle such as smoking, your overall health, and stress, are what ultimately decide when precisely your hair will turn grey.
The average age at which Asians begin to see greying of their hair is the late forties. However, not all of us have the same physical make-up. If you want a better estimate of when you’ll start getting grey hair yourself, turn to your parents for clues. If they began losing their hair color at a young age, there is a strong possibility that you will as well!
Myth 6: Grey Hair Is Unattractive
It is the year 2022, and no one worries as much as you do about a few grey hairs in your hair yourself. In point of fact, grey hair may be really attractive if it is styled well and worn with self-assurance. Many famous people are helping to normalize their appearance by rocking their grey hair, so you should definitely own it like a boss.
Myth 7: You Have to Cover Up Your Greys When You Go Out in Public
When one begins to show signs of aging in a society that sets a premium on youth, the first inclination is to conceal any and all evidence of it. The majority of the effort to conceal silver hairs and delay the onset of other indications of aging is placed on women. The trend toward embracing silver hair, which has gained support in recent years but is still a relatively new phenomenon, is a response to this pressure.
No one can really advise you on how to style your hair, nor should they have any influence in the manner in which you choose to treat the rest of your body. It is thus up to you and you alone to decide whether you want to keep your hair in its natural state or if you want to color it.
The sensation of seeing your first grey hair may be a very emotional one. Some people happily welcome their greys with open arms, while others opt to engage in an activity of absolute fear in response to that. Both of these explanations are reasonable, and whether you choose to cover up or embrace your greying hair, it will still be a natural process at the end of the day.
At this point, you have two options: you may either let the greys grow out naturally, or you can disguise them for as long as you want but I’m sure after reading this article you will rock your grey hair with confidence.
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We, in the first hand, support the farmer. We are your partners!
Tips for choosing the best equipment, chemicals and seeds.
Because in farming, location, plant type and local climate play its roles in plant cultivation and success depends on the right choices of the farmer (professional or amateur), it is a good idea to have a partner by your side to protect you from misfortunes and to transfer you proper know-how through advice as well as resources such as tools, chemicals and seeds to avoid the unpleasant result of a wrong choice.
Products in stock and non-stock product delivery within a week.
The success of a crop depends on the farmer’s response to preparing, diagnosing, and finding solutions to problems that may arise. To meet this need, we always keep stock in all of our products and keep our warehouse stocked with all seasonal items so you can be sure we can cover you in any case. Don’t hesitate to order something from us, through our network of business partners and trusted suppliers we can deliver it within a week.
From seeds and additives to personal protection gear and tools.
The crops require time and effort. We are advocates of using technology so that the farmer (professional or amateur) can reduce both his workload and lighten his daily schedule so that he can deal with the growth of his company, network expansion or just his hobbies. We offer the widest range of essentials such as fertilizers, soil conditioners and insecticides, as well as seeds, grown plants and tools to make the best use of them. In addition, we offer personal protective equipment because we leave nothing to chance and especially our health when on the field.
You as good the people supporting you.
Farming is a complex problem and there is rarely a right solution. Even more rarely can you implement the solution yourself. We have built a large network of partners so that we can immediately support our customers and be part of their partners, not just their suppliers. We serve our shop 6 days a week, 12 hours a day and through our online shop 24 hours a day.
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Why bees are so important to our environment - World Bee Day
20 May 2022
This week is National Biodiversity Week and today is World Bee Day. National Biodiversity Week is an opportunity for all of us to connect with our environment and nature, and to motivate others to play their part in protecting it. In AIB we’re playing our part to support Ireland's biodiversity challenge - it’s part of our sustainability agenda.
We have long known the important role bees play in the pollination of crops and supporting our environment. Bees are so important to humans because they pollinate crops such as oilseed rape and most fruit crops like apples, raspberries, blackcurrants and strawberries. The primary issue for bees is a lack of habitat. The idea of establishing a rooftop apiary was born in 2014 between the CEO of Boyne Valley Honey and Head of Capital Markets at AIB, Simon Scroope. It became a reality when the first rooftop apiary in Ireland was established on our then headquarters at Bankcentre, Ballsbridge.
In 2020, the beehives were split across AIB headquarters Molesworth Street and Central Park with Head Beekeeper, Kevin Power, and six trained volunteer staff working to maintain our apiaries. We now have two apiaries with eight to ten hives each, split across our two AIB headquarters in Dublin city. These beehives provide habitat for around 1 million bees at the height of summer. These bees contribute massively to our environment as they pollinate plants, flowers and crops all around the city. And of course, they also provide plenty of honey!
We have taken part in studies with Trinity College on pollen quality and shared our experience to help other organisations set up their own apiaries to become more sustainable. Since 2019 AIB has been investing in The Yield Lab, Europe's largest early-stage AgTech VC fund. Based in Dublin, The Yield Lab invests in companies that are delivering measurable change to the sustainability of agriculture and food production. One of the fund's earliest investments was ApisProtect, a Cork-based company whose technology helps beekeepers protect the health of their bees, while other investments including Microgen Biotech from Carlow are focused on increasing the bio-diversity of the environment, making the production of food more sustainable and reducing the use of chemical fertilisers.
You can help the bees by creating habitat for them simply by not cutting your grass as often or leaving the dandelions to bloom because they’re a great source of nectar and pollen. Find out more about how bees help our environment from Head Beekeeper, Kevin Power, in our video below.
World Bee Day
World Bee Day
Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Copyright Allied Irish Banks, p.l.c. 1995.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Atoms for Peace” (8 December 1953)
Madame President, Members of the General Assembly:
When Secretary General Hammarskjöld’s invitation to address this General Assembly reached me in Bermuda, I was just beginning a series of conferences with the Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers of Great Britain and of France. Our subject was some of the problems that beset our world.
During the remainder of the Bermuda Conference, I had constantly in mind that ahead of me lay a great honor. That honor is mine today as I stand here, privileged to address the General Assembly of the United Nations.
At the same time that I appreciate the distinction of addressing you, I have a sense of
exhilaration as I look upon this assembly.
Never before in history has so much hope for so many people been gathered together in
a single organization. Your deliberations and decisions during these somber years have already realized part of those hopes.
But the great tests and the great accomplishments still lie ahead. And in the confident
expectation of those accomplishments, I would use the office which, for the time being, I hold, to assure you that the Government of the United States will remain steadfast in its support of this body. This we shall do in the conviction that you will provide a great share of the wisdom, the courage, and the faith which can bring to this world lasting peace for all nations, and happiness and well-being for all men.
Clearly, it would not be fitting for me to take this occasion to present to you a
unilateral American report on Bermuda. Nevertheless, I assure you that in our deliberations on that lovely island we sought to invoke those same great concepts of universal peace and human dignity which are so cleanly etched in your charter.
Neither would it be a measure of this great opportunity merely to recite, however
hopefully, pious platitudes.
I therefore decided that this occasion warranted my saying to you some of the things
that have been on the minds and hearts of my legislative and executive associates and on mine for a great many months–thoughts I had originally planned to say primarily to the American people.
I know that the American people share my deep belief that if a danger exists in the world, it is a danger shared by all–and equally, that if hope exists in the mind of one nation, that hope should be shared by all.
Finally, if there is to be advanced any proposal designed to ease, even by the smallest
measure, the tensions of today’s world, what more appropriate audience could there be than the members of the General Assembly of the United Nations?
I feel impelled to speak today in a language that, in a sense, is new–one, which I,
who have spent so much of my life in the military profession, would have preferred never to use.
That new language is the language of atomic warfare.
The atomic age has moved forward at such a pace that every citizen of the world should have some comprehension, at least in comparative terms, of the extent of this development, of the utmost significance to every one of us. Clearly, if the peoples of the world are to conduct an intelligent search for peace, they must be armed with the significant facts of today’s existence.
My recital of atomic danger and power is necessarily stated in United States terms,
for these are the only incontrovertible facts that I know. I need hardly point out to this
Assembly, however, that this subject is global, not merely national in character.
On July 16th, 1945, the United States set off the world’s first atomic explosion. Since
that date in 1945, the United States of America has conducted 42 test explosions.
Atomic bombs today are more than 25 times as powerful as the weapons with which the atomic age dawned, while hydrogen weapons are in the ranges of millions of tons of TNT equivalent.
Today, the United States’ stockpile of atomic weapons, which, of course, increases
daily, exceeds by many times the total equivalent of the total of all bombs and all shells
that came from every plane and every gun in every theatre of war in all the years of World
A single air group, whether afloat or land-based, can now deliver to any reachable
target a destructive cargo exceeding in power all the bombs that fell on Britain in all of
World War II.
In size and variety the development of atomic weapons has been no less remarkable. The development has been such that atomic weapons have virtually achieved conventional status within our armed services. In the United States, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force and the Marine Corps are all capable of putting this weapon to military use.
But the dread secret, and the fearful engines of atomic might, are not ours alone.
In the first place, the secret is possessed by our friends and allies, Great Britain
and Canada, whose scientific genius made a tremendous contribution to our original discoveries and the designs of atomic bombs.
The secret is also known by the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union has informed us that, over recent years, it has devoted extensive
resources to atomic weapons. During this period, the Soviet Union has exploded a series of
atomic devices, including at least one involving thermo-nuclear reactions.
If at one time the United States possessed what might have been called a monopoly of
atomic power, that monopoly ceased to exist several years ago. Therefore, although our earlier start has permitted us to accumulate what is today a great quantitative advantage, the atomic realities of today comprehend two facts of even greater significance.
First, the knowledge now possessed by several nations will eventually be shared by
others, possibly all others.
Second, even a vast superiority in numbers of weapons, and a consequent capability
of devastating retaliation, is no preventive, of itself, against the fearful material damage
and toll of human lives that would be inflicted by surprise aggression.
The free world, at least dimly aware of these facts, has naturally embarked on a large
program of warning and defense systems. That program will be accelerated and expanded.
But let no one think that the expenditure of vast sums for weapons and systems of
defense can guarantee absolute safety for the cities and citizens of any nation. The awful
arithmetic of the atomic bomb does not permit of any such easy solution. Even against the
most powerful defense, an aggressor in possession of the effective minimum number of atomic bombs for a surprise attack could probably place a sufficient number of his bombs on the chosen targets to cause hideous damage.
Should such an atomic attack be launched against the United States, our reactions
would be swift and resolute. But for me to say that the defense capabilities of the United
States are such that they could inflict terrible losses upon an aggressor–for me to say
that the retaliation capabilities of the United States are so great that such an aggressor’s
land would be laid waste–all this, while fact, is not the true expression of
the purpose and the hope of the United States.
To pause there would be to confirm the hopeless finality of a belief that two atomic
colossi are doomed malevolently to eye each other indefinitely across a trembling world. To
stop there would be to accept helplessly the probability of civilization destroyed–the
annihilation of the irreplaceable heritage of mankind handed down to us generation from
generation–and the condemnation of mankind to begin all over again the age-old struggle
upward from savagery toward decency, and right, and justice.
Surely no sane member of the human race could discover victory in such desolation. Could anyone wish his name to be coupled by history with such human degradation and destruction?
Occasional pages of history do record the faces of the “Great Destroyers” but the whole book of history reveals mankind’s never-ending quest for peace and mankind’s God-given capacity to build.
It is with the book of history, and not with isolated pages, that the United States
will ever wish to be identified. My country wants to be constructive, not destructive. It
wants agreements, not wars, among nations. It wants itself to live in freedom, and in the
confidence that the people of every other nation enjoy equally the right of choosing their
own way of life.
So my country’s purpose is to help us move out of the dark chamber of horrors into the light, to find a way by which the minds of men, the hopes of men, the souls of men everywhere, can move forward toward peace and happiness and well-being.
In this quest, I know that we must not lack patience.
I know that in a world divided, such as ours today, salvation cannot be attained by
one dramatic act.
I know that many steps will have to be taken over many months before the world can
look at itself one day and truly realize that a new climate of mutually peaceful confidence
is abroad in the world.
But I know, above all else, that we must start to take these steps–now.
The United States and its allies, Great Britain and France, have over the past months
tried to take some of these steps. Let no one say that we shun the conference table.
On the record has long stood the request of the United States, Great Britain, and France to negotiate with the Soviet Union the problems of a divided Germany.
On that record has long stood the request of the same three nations to negotiate an
Austrian Peace Treaty.
On the same record still stands the request of the United Nations to negotiate the
problems of Korea.
Most recently, we have received from the Soviet Union what is in effect an expression
of willingness to hold a Four-Power Meeting. Along with our allies of Great Britain and France, we were pleased to see that this note did not contain the unacceptable preconditions previously put forward.
As you already know from our joint Bermuda communiqué, the United States, Great Britain, and France have agreed promptly to meet with the Soviet Union.
The Government of the United States approaches this conference with hopeful sincerity. We will bend every effort of our minds to the single purpose of emerging from that conference with tangible results toward peace–the only true way of lessening international tension.
We never have, we never will, propose or suggest that the Soviet Union surrender what is rightfully theirs.
We will never say that the people of Russia are an enemy with whom we have no desire ever to deal or mingle in friendly and fruitful relationship.
On the contrary, we hope that this coming Conference may initiate a relationship with
the Soviet Union which will eventually bring about a free intermingling of the peoples of the
East and of the West–the one sure, human way of developing the understanding required for confident and peaceful relations.
Instead of the discontent which is now settling upon Eastern Germany, occupied Austria, and the countries of Eastern Europe, we seek a harmonious family of free European nations, with none a threat to the other, and least of all a threat to the peoples of Russia.
Beyond the turmoil and strife and misery of Asia, we seek peaceful opportunity for these peoples to develop their natural resources and to elevate their lives.
These are not idle words or shallow visions. Behind them lies a story of nations lately
come to independence, not as a result of war but through free grant or peaceful negotiation. There is a record, already written, of assistance gladly given by nations of the West to needy peoples, and to those suffering the temporary effects of famine, drought, and natural disaster.
These are deeds of peace. They speak more loudly than promises or protestations of
But I do not wish to rest either upon the reiteration of past proposals or
the restatement of past deeds. The gravity of the time is such that every new avenue of peace, no matter how dimly discernible, should be explored.
There is at least one new avenue of peace which has not yet been well exploredѡn avenue now laid out by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
In its resolution of November 18th, 1953, this General Assembly suggested–and I
quote–“that the Disarmament Commission study the desirability of establishing a sub-committee consisting of representatives of the Powers principally involved, which should seek in private an acceptable solution . . . and report such a solution to the General Assembly and to the Security Council not later than September 1, 1954.”
The United States, heeding the suggestion of the General Assembly of the United Nations, is instantly prepared to meet privately with such other countries as may be “principally involved,” to seek “an acceptable solution” to the atomic armaments race which overshadows not only the peace, but the very life, of the world.
We shall carry into these private or diplomatic talks a new conception.
The United States would seek more than the mere reduction or elimination of atomic
materials for military purposes.
It is not enough to take this weapon out of the hands of the soldiers. It must be put
into the hands of those who will know how to strip its military casing and adapt it to the arts of peace.
The United States knows that if the fearful trend of atomic military build-up can be
reversed, this greatest of destructive forces can be developed into a great boon, for the
benefit of all mankind.
The United States knows that peaceful power from atomic energy is no dream of the
future. That capability, already proved, is here–now–today. Who can doubt, if the entire body of the world’s scientists and engineers had adequate amounts of fissionable material with which to test and develop their ideas, that this capability would rapidly be transformed into universal, efficient, and economic usage?
To hasten the day when fear of the atom will begin to disappear from the minds of
people, and the governments of the East and West, there are certain steps that can be taken now.
I therefore make the following proposal:
The Governments principally involved, to the extent permitted by elementary prudence, to begin now and continue to make joint contributions from their stockpiles of normal uranium and fissionable materials to an International Atomic Energy Agency. We would expect that such an agency would be set up under the aegis of the United Nations.
The ratios of contributions, the procedures and other details would properly be within
the scope of the “private conversations” I have referred to earlier.
The United States is prepared to undertake these explorations in good faith. Any partner of the United States acting in the same good faith will find the United States a not unreasonable or ungenerous associate.
Undoubtedly initial and early contributions to this plan would be small in quantity.
However, the proposal has the great virtue that it can be undertaken without the irritations and mutual suspicions incident to any attempt to set up a completely acceptable system of world-wide inspection and control.
The Atomic Energy Agency could be made responsible for the impounding, storage, and protection of the contributed fissionable and other materials. The ingenuity of our scientists will provide special safe conditions under which such a bank of fissionable material can be made essentially immune to surprise seizure.
The more important responsibility of this Atomic Energy Agency would be to devise methods whereby this fissionable material would be allocated to serve the peaceful pursuits of mankind. Experts would be mobilized to apply atomic energy to the needs of agriculture, medicine, and other peaceful activities. A special purpose would be to provide abundant electrical energy in the power-starved areas of the world. Thus the contributing powers would be dedicating some of their strength to serve the needs rather than the fears of mankind.
The United States would be more than willing–it would be proud to take up with others “principally involved” the development of plans whereby such peaceful use of atomic energy would be expedited.
Of those “principally involved” the Soviet Union must, of course, be one.
I would be prepared to submit to the Congress of the United States, and with every
expectation of approval, any such plan that would:
First, encourage world-wide investigation into the most effective peacetime uses of
fissionable material, and with the certainty that they had all the material needed for the
conduct of all experiments that were appropriate;
Second, begin to diminish the potential destructive power of the world’s atomic
Third, allow all peoples of all nations to see that, in this enlightened age, the
great powers of the earth, both of the East and of the West, are interested in human aspirations first, rather than in building up the armaments of war;
Fourth, open up a new channel for peaceful discussion, and initiate at least a new
approach to the many difficult problems that must be solved in both private and public
conversations, if the world is to shake off the inertia imposed by fear, and is to make
positive progress toward peace.
Against the dark background of the atomic bomb, the United States does not wish merely to present strength, but also the desire and the hope for peace.
The coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions. In this Assembly; in the
capitals and military headquarters of the world; in the hearts of men everywhere, be they
governed or governors, may they be the decisions which will lead this world out of fear and
To the making of these fateful decisions, the United States pledges before you–and
therefore before the world–its determination to help solve the fearful atomic dilemma–to
devote its entire heart and mind to find the way by which the miraculous inventiveness of
man shall not be dedicated to his death, but consecrated to his life.
I again thank the delegates for the great honor they have done me, in inviting me
to appear before them, and in listening to me so courteously. Thank you.
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ArchiMate covers the standard three layers of enterprise architecture: business (products, business processes, business functions, business objects, roles, actors, etc.), application (application components, application functions, application services, data objects, etc.) and infrastructure (devices, nodes, networks, infrastructure services, artifacts), the infrastructure layer is often not seriously modeled, it just resides in the CMDB. But it can be and that can be very helpful to get the complexity of your environment in the picture.
Note: the content of this post has been superseded (amended and seriously extended) by the content on this issue in my book Mastering ArchiMate. Follow this link to the book page (with downloadable PDF) for more information.
In my observation, most practitioners of Enterprise Architecture tend to dwell more often in the upper layers of Enterprise Architecture and tend to restrict themselves to `global’ and `rough’ models. Details in Application Architecture are said to be `design’ and should be left to software designers. If Application Architecture is already a bridge too far, you can imagine what happens in the area of Infrastructure. Not much. It is the domain of even more remote hardware designers. Not something for enterprise architects, surely.
I think this is a a bit of `unknown makes unloved’ and a bit of fear for that where one does not have the experience. I also think that the often heard dichotomy between `architecture’ and `design’ is a false one. Enterprise Architecture is just another kind of design, overlapping with software design, organization design, hardware design. Enterprise Architecture is not only the upper layer, it is the alignment of business, application and infrastructure. It is also not just `rough’ or `global’ design. It is the art of knowing when details count and when they can be left out, all with the goal of steering on alignment and complexity reduction in mind. There is no separation of `architecture’ and `design’, there is a lot of overlap.
Anyway, to help people on their way in the often undervalued area of infrastructure, I am presenting here a series of application deployment patterns. Starting with the simplest: a single tier application running on a desktop system and moving up in complexity to three-tier applications, ASP’s and more.
Before I start with the first pattern, I’d like to explain a bit about the modeling choices we have made in the infrastructure layer:
- Infrastructure is modeled in such a way that each TI component needed for a system to run is expressed in an Infrastructure Service. These infrastructure services (which are called TI Building Blocks) are then aggregated into a single Infrastructure Service. It is on this Infrastructure Service the IT organization can deliver a Service Level Agreement (SLA).
- We generally model the interlayer relations between passive structure (artifacts, data objects, business objects) and behaviour (infrastructure service, application function, application service, business process/function). As the behavioural link closely matches the active structure link, the active structure interlayer links (e.g. from Application Interface to Business Role) are not really necessary to understand the landscape. And we start from the behaviour anyway (in the end, it is the behaviour that matters for results and not the structure, something that is true even outside of Enterprise Architecture as we all know)
- Our labeling of objects is generally in three parts:
- A `grouping name’ in square brackets (TI is often named in the CMDB based on the node it resides on)
- Some sort of description
- A type in round brackets (this redundancy, especially, makes views easier to read for people not using ArchiMate every day)
Single Tier Application
Here is the first and most simple one: a system deployed on a desktop that accesses data on the desktop, like your desktop at home. This is not a pattern you expect to see often, especially not in large organizations. Organizations tend to shy away from this because of the troubles with support, backups, security, etc. (note: all images can be clicked to get a larger version):
And we note:
- We model hardware as a node that is comprised of the actual hardware (device) and the system software installed on it. We make a separation of the software that results in the Infrastructure Services (e.g. Windows or MS Excel) and the software that makes use of the Infrastructure services (in this case our `Application X’). The latter can be seen as an Artifact (not System Software) that realizes the software (Application Component) at the Application Architecture level.
- As there is only one Infrastructure Service in play to be used by the Application Function, there is no aggregation yet in this pattern. See next patterns for how that works.
- The distribution of Application X is an Artifact that resides on the desktop.
- The data of Application X is realized by the SomeFile.txt Artifact
- We do not model the way the constituents of the Node realize the Infrastructure Service. See below in a more complex pattern why.
Single tier Application with shared data
Having done the simple preliminary, we move to a slight extension: the same app, but with the data sitting on a network file share somewhere.
(image typo fixed on Nov 19) And we note:
- A file server has been added in the infrastructure. It provides the file share Infrastructure Service and it hosts the SomeFile.txt Artifact. The file share Infrastructure Service is used by the operating system of the desktop.
- As we now need two Infrastructure Services to run this application, we aggregate both `TI Bulding Blocks’ in the single aggregate service where the SLA is based on.
- This particular server has a Ctrl-M client for running batch jobs and so forth on it. Note: this (and any other) pattern is not an endorsement of any product mentioned.
Two tier: desktop application talking to database server
From the previous situation it is a small step to a desktop application that uses a database server instead of a file server for its data Artifacts:
And we note:
- It is not the desktop operating system anymore that uses the Infrastructure Service that provides access to the data, it is the Application Function. This is not drawn as we have decided not to draw the individual `Used-By’ relations between the Application Services and the constituent `TI Building Blocks’ of the aggregated Infrastructure Service. Via the Data Object and the Artifact, we can still find the dependency on the database server, though.
- We have modeled a bit of the complexities of an SQL Server setup. That is because instances of that system may function somewhat separately and if one doesn’t work, the other still might. Hence, if want to do analysis later on, the separation enables us to understand dependencies correctly.
- Here you see again that we model the Infrastructure Service as provided by the Node and not by the constituent System Software. Technically, you can also choose to let the system software realize this and that is even more correct (so you might choose to do it differently). But when a server provides multiple Infrastructure Services, the model can become pretty complex with all the relations and analysis also becomes more complex. And in our practice, it is enough to know what node is providing the service. I would suggest only to model it more precisely if there is a pressing need.
A variant on the standard application is the application of which the distribution is shared: say it lives on a network share and is mounted by many desktops (or Citrix servers, which may take the place of a desktop in these patterns). This looks like this (example here is based on a two-tier application so you can see both the server for the data and the server for the distribution):
And we note:
- We could have shown this with a single tier as well, of course
- The distribution lives on the file share. The desktop mounts that file share to get access to the distribution. The execution of the distribution takes place on the desktop.
- The aggregated Infrastructure Service (the one where the SLA is based on) now has three components. To be able to use this application, the TI provider must provide the execution on the desktop, the file share with the application distribution and the database server.
- We have added some complexity to the database setup. Now there are two instances and two databases and two data objects and two business objects. This is just for fun.
Three tier application
Next up is the three tier application. Here, the heavy lifting application work is done on a server and not on the client. The client generally is light weight and might even only send requests to (and receive replies from) the application server and only be responsible for presentation. In the pattern below, there is still a client distributed on the desktop (maybe a Java app, with a .jar distribution Artifact and a Java System Software that acts as platform to run it on). In a later pattern we move to ASP/SaaS, where there only is System Software (e.g. MS Internet Explorer) installed on the client side.
And we note:
- The Data Object is not realized by the database as in the previous pattern, but by some Artifact (possibly in memory) on the application server. There is no direct link between client application and database server, even if the database server SLA-wise needs to be part of the aggregate Infrastructure Service that makes using this application possible. It is the application server’s System X System Software that uses the database directly.
- Often products also have a database on the application server itself, saving application states, user information and such. This is not drawn here. But given the importance of stuff like backup and recovery, this should of course in real life be modeled.
`Three tier’ application with remove Application Server (ASP)
So far, all of our TI has been in-house. But there is no need for that. The application server (and the underlying data server) could as well be somewhere else. In fact, there are several services which are setup that way, e.g. Bloomberg investment management application support. Moving the application tier and data tier outside makes your internal landscape simpler of course. There is a price tag (as there should be) and there are limitations to the way the application sever and data server can be integrated with the rest of your landscape. It looks like this:
And we note:
- Life has become a lot simpler at our end. We just need to provide the desktop and (let’s not forget) the internet connection, but all the heavy lifting is done elsewhere.
- We now have two SLA’s. One for the desktop and the internet connection, provided by our own TI-provider, and one for the application server and everything behind it provided by the external provider.
- We could model the application server of the provider and let our application function use that one instead of the infrastructure service. That wold be correct, but it adds complexity without much use for us. In the end, the service provided for the business can be realized by the application function of the client application, even if the client application is just a thin shell only doing request/reply with the heavy lifting application server in the back. Modeling the application server in the application layer of our EA is only useful if we want to model the process for changing the software as well. As we cannot change the provider’s system, it is not that useful and it need not be modeled.
- We call this `three tier’, but in fact only the two top tiers are visible to us. It could in fact be called two tier. We call it `three tier’ because our client application does not perform all the heavy lifting itself and just talks to database server, it talks three-tier-style request-reply to the provider’s server as in the earlier three-tier pattern. But we do not know that or are certain in any way.
- There is now no client application installed anymore on the desktop. There just is an internet browser (and possibly some plugins) needed.
Providing your own SaaS (`Internal SaaS’)
Those `provider’s application servers’ may reside within your landscape of course, as we saw with the classic three tier application earlier. But instead of a client distribution on the desktop as with the normal three-tier, you may have an `Internal SaaS’, where you (as in the previous pattern) do not have actual client software installed on the system (there is a browser interface instead), but you do have the application server. This might look like this:And we note:
- As we provide the application server in house, the Infrastructure Interface it provides has become an TI Building Block that is part of the aggregated Infrastructure Service where the TI SLA is attached to.
- We do not need access to the internet, so that Infrastructure Service TI Building Block is not needed.
- The application server itself as modeled here is probably not all we need. We probably need more, like a data server etc.. In fact, when we extend the above picture to what is needed, it might look like this:and it becomes clear that there is more to that simple browser based application in your landscape than meets the eye of the user. In fact, that is one of the psychological disadvantages of `Internal SaaS’ from the IT organization’s perspective. There is a lot of structure needed behind the scenes to make it all work. And the business is generally surprised at the cost of all the TI involved.
There is of course a myriad of variations on these patterns. Like applications that access both shared files and a database. Or application servers that not only replies on requests, but that actually deliver parts of a solution in the form of shared libraries on the desktop which are updated without your knowledge or intervention (quite scary from a security perspective, but I know more than one provider of the `remote application server’ type that does this).
Finally, the TI-support for an application in these patterns runs from TI to the Application Function via Used-By (and from Application Function via Application Service to Business Process/Function). But a single Application Component may of course perform various Application Functions. If all these Application Functions need the same Infrastructure Services, it would be preferable to aggregate the various Application Functions in one big aggregate and let that aggregate Application Function use the aggregated Infrastructure Service (while letting the various Application Services still be realized by the separate Application (sub)Functions). But if one big Application Component provides Application Functions that serve wildly different Business Processes and those separate Application Functions require quite different Infrastructure Services (e.g. different databases or file servers, internet access or not, etc.), having two separate SLA’s for that one Application Component might be preferable so that the requirements (think for instance continuity) for one Infrastructure Service do not automatically mean other Infrastructure Services must be as expensive. As they say, YMMV, this is why you have a job as architect.
PDF’s of the above patterns can be downloaded so they can be printed large without becoming pixelated.
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It is believed that understanding human behavior is important in day-to-day interactions as well as directing, analyzing, and evaluating human performance. Therefore, it is important to characterize human personalities so that one can define and explain individual differences and then find out who, where, when and how is suitable to fulfill a particular task. Consequently, many psychologists have tried to characterize personalities using various models so that they can give a comprehensive understanding of human behavior and the Big Five factors personality model is one of them.
This paper gives a critical analysis and evaluation of the Big Five factors personality model, which explains the core human personalities. This model divides human traits into five key factors. The five factors include openness, conscientiousness, introversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. They are denoted by the acronym OCEAN. These factors are crucial in differentiating various human characters. The Big Five factors personality model gives a broad summary of critical personality building blocks including the clear analysis of mental development process and validates the changing personality tendencies. Hence, the Big Five factors personality model is important in dealing with people and therefore defining and accounting for their individual personality differences, changing situations and surroundings.
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Overview of the Big Five Factors
The Big Five factors outline the broad differences in people’s personalities by stating how various groups of people feel, think, and act consistently. The factors characterize the people’s thoughts patterns, feelings and actions.
Firstly, one of the Big Five Personality Factors is openness that involves the appreciation of emotions, explorations, uncommon thoughts, inquisitiveness, imagination, and various experiences. This trait distinguishes imaginative individuals from other groups of people. Open people are generally willing to expose themselves to new experiences; they are intelligently curious, sensitive and appreciative of various arts and beauty. Open individuals are usually very creative and conscious of their own feelings and in most cases embrace unconventional principles and have less traditional interests. Open people prefer plainness, straightforwardness, and clear ideas rather than ambiguous, complex and elusive thoughts. They are flexible, refined and original.
Secondly, conscientiousness exemplifies people that demonstrate predisposition for planning, self-discipline, responsibility, dutifulness, neatness, and orderliness. The conscientious individuals are performance oriented and usually aim at achieving the expectations imposed by external environment (Engler, 2008). They tend to plan every action rather than act spontaneously.
Thirdly, extroversion characterizes people who are sociable, outgoing, and self-assured. Extroverts have positive emotions, and seek motivation and other people’s company in most instances. They engage themselves so much in external realm; in addition, extroverts prefer staying with people as they are always full of energy. They are often enthusiastic and excited about directing actions in sensational situations; therefore, extroverts may look like action oriented persons. When they are in a group, they tend to be very talkative, assertive and draw much attention to themselves. On the other hand, introverts are the opposite of extroverts and are not sociable. Introverts are generally quiet, discreet, and deliberate, have less concern for publicity, and prefer to spend their more time alone.
The fourth factor is agreeable personality that characterizes people who are warm, compassionate, considerate and cooperative. They are not suspicious and show less antagonism towards others. Agreeable people seek for general harmony by reflecting on individual differences and greatly value friendly relationships. This group of people are approachable, understanding, generous, and willing to compromise their self-interests for the sake of others. They are primarily optimistic, truthful, decent and honorable. In contrast, disagreeable people put their interest ahead of others. They are rude, hostile, unconcerned, and independent and their skepticism about others makes them distrustful, unfriendly and uncooperative.
The fifth personality factor is neuroticism that describes emotionally unstable people. These people are guilt-ridden, temperamental and often have self-doubts. They are not self-confident, and are not in harmony with others. Neurotic individuals are emotionally hypersensitive and susceptible to stress. They can easily take ordinary circumstances as intimidating, and inconsequential frustration as a point of hopelessness.
The Theories Present in the Model
The Big Five Factors Personality theory is compatible with a good number of theories. For instance, it relates to Freud’s psychoanalytical theory that focuses on the internal forces of an individual. The Freudian theory states that anxiety occurs when an ego is threatened and gets out of control. On the other hand, one’s ego deals with a problem by developing strategies and defense mechanisms. This relates positively to the description of personality in the Big Five Factors Personality Model. This helps in explaining the five personality factors by giving an account of why a particular group demonstrates a certain behavior.
In addition, Abraham Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs relates directly to the Big Five personality theory. Maslow’s theory explains the relationship between needs and their hierarchy in shaping human personality. The needs are arranged according to priority from the most essential ones to self-actualization point that involves luxury. The needs are therefore satisfied according to the order of priority with the primary ones being satisfied first. Thus, the theory helps in describing motivational elements for a given personality factor and explains why people display a particular behavior, for example, at workplaces.
In addition, Bandura’s theory of social learning is also one of the theories which are compatible with the Big Five personality theory. Albert Bandura’s theory discloses the way the individual interacts in a given environment and views of self-efficiency interrelation that explain personality. This theory suggests that individuals observe their own behavior and evaluate its efficacy. Hence, self-efficacy defines how one should effectively deal with a given situation.
The Major Contributors to the Model
Gordon Allport is one of the major contributors to the Big Five personality model. In 1936, he defined various kinds of personalities which he referred to as dispositions. He argued that traits had actual physical position in the nervous system and thus, consistency of the behavior depended on the existence of traits. In addition, dissimilar stimuli can arouse the trait and therefore, according to Allport, certain trait can be used to describe individual’s behavior. The central traits are the elementary constituents of an individual’s personality and the secondary characteristics are marginal. He further stated that cardinal traits are those that are powerfully recognized. Hence, traits are components of personality that initiate and direct one’s behavior in a unique manner.
In addition, other contributors to the Big Five personality theory are Ernest Tupes and Raymond Cristal, who provided the basis for the Big Five personality factors in the late 1950s. They advanced the research that had been done by the US Air Force Personnel Laboratory. The two scholars developed comprehensive, empirical research findings that identified the traits and classified them into various categories.
Significant contributions to the model were made by Raymond Cattell. His findings structurally divided the personality traits by identifying primary and secondary factors that define personality structure. The primary factors consist of 16 personality factors and the secondary structure made of five personality factors. Cattell developed the major personality factors analysis of an individual and various groups of people. Cattell used complex statistical analysis and primary correlations of traits and described them using simple language. Hence, Cattell provided the mental building blocks for the Big Five Personality Factors.
Goldberg developed the Big Five personality factors using lexical hypothesis. In 1990 he singled out the Big Five traits from a cluster of traits he had been analyzing from the previous personality traits researchers. He analyzed different group of traits, found the correlations, and came up with the five trait factors: extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. He used factor analysis in identifying the relationships between the various traits scores. The five personality dimensions are quite strong across the various cultures.
McCrae and Costa in 1993 further developed the Big Five Personality Model by primarily showing the supposed dissimilarity in personality schemes. To further this they created an integrated model that effectively incorporated other personality schemes and invented the acronym OCEAN for the five factors. In addition, their model formed the basis for personal traits measurement scale denoted as NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PIR).
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The Methods of Inquiry Used in the Model
The method of inquiry used by the Big Five personality model involves conducting self-analysis by filling in questionnaires that describe various traits. McCrae and Costa developed questionnaires that generally describe the standard personality. In these questionnaires different traits converge around the Big Five factors based on correlation measures. Goldberg’s questionnaires as well as NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PIR) questionnaires designed by McCrae and Costa are used to measure one’s personality traits. The Goldberg questionnaires use lexical hypothesis approach which emphasizes that individual difference is noticeable and socially appropriate. On the other hand, McCrae and Costa questionnaire uses the renowned FFM theoretical context, according to which traits are located in a comprehensive model of environmental and genetic context.
The Goldberg model is circular and shows that many elements have none zero correlations on two factors, while in the FFM traits are classified from low-level features that combine to form higher levels. The questionnaires comprise adjectives and sentences that describe various traits. The proponents of the use of questionnaires in assessing personality claim that questionnaires give an important projective testing. The current questionnaire consists of 243 items that can be filled in by an individual in approximately 45 minutes. The individual carries out self-assessment based on particular items, thereby individual traits of a person are identified.
Overview of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Model
The Big Five personality model has strengths such as its ability to define personality. It clearly helps in giving cross-cultural analysis since it agrees with most cultures. In addition, it can be used to identify personal traits of both adults and children, even those children who are not at school.
The Big Five personality model is consistent with many other theories. For example, the model corresponds with other analytical methods and complement them naturally. In addition, the model acts as a bridge between other psychological theories such as Freud’s psychoanalytical theory, Bandura’s social learning theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. The correlations between the Big Five personality model and the various elements of the aforementioned theories give the model a wide application range. Hence, the compatibility of the model with other theories gives it wide relevance to various fields.
However, the lack of explanation of why the various traits in the model develop limits the model. In addition, the Big Five model fails to clarify why some traits are temporary while others are long lasting; this is another demerit of the model. Even though the model tries to provide thorough and taxonomical analysis of personality, it fails to give the causes for some correlations. For instance, some relations are rather counterintuitive hence making extrapolation using common sense difficult. Studies showed that traits such as optimism and ambitiousness have low correlation with conscientiousness.
One of the shortcomings of the model is its failure to correspond to the definition of a universal theory that can be widely applied. The Big Five model cannot be utilized for tasks other than specifying traits. Even though the model provides a good description and basis for psychology concepts, it fails to give an integrated psychological picture. The theory lacks originality since it is quite different from other factor models such as Cattell’s model or Eysenck’s model. The Big Five personality theory is quite independent of key psychological theories. Therefore, it fails to predict one’s behavior in certain situations, because the model functions at general analysis level rather than examining specific situations. Thus, it may not be effective in foreseeing one’s behavior.
In summary, the Big Five personality model gives a good general analysis of personality. It provides a good measurement for cross-cultural reproduction, and empirical validity for many basic psychological findings. The Big Five personality model serves as a basis for other findings. Scholars such as Gordon Allport and Raymond Cattell laid down the foundations of the Big Five factors personality model. The two theorists gave the ground for factor analysis used in the model. Goldberg actually developed the model using lexical hypothesis approach.McCrae and Costa contributed to further development of the model by making it more integrated with other personality schemes. In addition, they advanced the measurement tools by introducing NEO-Personality Inventory that has been instrumental in analyzing one’s personality.
Even though the Big Five personality model has strengths, there are some drawbacks that limit its application. This is because the model is too general and cannot give specific situational analysis including prediction of various traits. The model theory lack originality and there are inaccuracies related to the five factors variables hence limiting the application of the theory.
In conclusion, it should be stated that the Big Five factors personality model is quite enlightening since it can be used to explain psychoanalytic personality approaches. The model classifies various personality traits into simple, understandable categories. Though the model is not conclusive in explaining personality traits, it provides a good starting point. Therefore, the main challenge for personality psychologists is developing a model that captures all personality concepts and giving precise explanations for the findings. It is therefore recommended that this model be further advanced by exploring new scales, methods, and new personality conceptions that can describe a given personality accurately rather than giving a generalized statement. This involves establishing valid constructs that can effectively identify various personality differences.
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The Teal Group’s 2012 market study estimates that Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) spending will almost double over the next decade from current worldwide UAV expenditures of $6.6 billion annually to $11.4 billion, totaling just over $89 billion in the next ten years.
Congress is determined to clear the way for UAVs to start operating in commercial airspace when it passed legislation calling for the Federal Aviation Administration to set up six testing sites, and develop a certification plan by 2015. With its long aerospace history and its secure testing ranges, California is already at the forefront of UAV activity in the U.S. and is expected to earn one of those sites.
UAVs are currently in use or under consideration around the world and in U.S. unrestricted airspace for such civil and commercial uses as:
AIAA is pleased to Co-Host the Symposium with Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom, California State Assemblyman Jeff Gorell, California State Senator Steve Knight, and Assemblyman Steven Bradford to engage policymakers, designers, manufacturers, test squadrons, and consumers in discussion about the benefits of commercial and civil UAV applications.
To learn more about AIAA Policy Symposium: Civilian Applications of UAVs – A California Perspective, to register to attend or exhibit, please click below.
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Last Updated on August 21, 2021.
Wearing two babies at the same time might sound like a daunting task, but tandem baby wearing is actually quite safe and beneficial for both your infant children. Read on to learn more about tandem babywearing!
What is tandem babywearing?
Tandem babywearing is the act of wearing two babies at once. You might think tandem means carrying one child on each shoulder. But tandem refers to wearing both children in a front and back carry with your arms spread out wide (or using carriers or slings).
If you have twins or two babies that are born very close together, then tandem babywearing is probably for you.
Why tandem babywearing is cool
Tandem babywearing is great for babies! It’s a way to develop strong attachments and to feel secure. The mother is also able to more easily breastfeed her children, and tandem baby wearing allows bonding time for both babies.
Babywearing allows you to spend time with your baby, but to keep your hands free. You’ll probably feel fitter carrying around all that extra weight! Plus, people will think you’re a rockstar supermom for wearing two babies!
Benefits of babywearing
- Your babies will feel connected to you.
- Both babies will feel connected to each other.
- You’ll get more done.
- You will feel better and fitter because you’re carrying around human weights.
- People will think you’re a supermom.
- No one will invade your space out in public
Tandem Baby Wearing Carriers
Here are our pick for tandem baby wearing.
This tandem baby carrier is a great investment. It’s perfect for a mom with two babies under 4. You can wear both babies up to 45 pounds! Plus, it offers flexibility for two adults to each wear a baby. It’s comfortable and keeps moms hands free!
What You Should Do Next…
Are you ready for more activities to build a rock-solid bond with your kids? Try our Connected Parent Challenge! It’s 15 Days of 15 Minute activities that are sure to improve your connection, diminish bad behavior, and create lasting memories. Plus, I’ll deliver more amazing parenting strategies to your inbox weekly (don’t worry, unsubscribe any time!).
Connect with like-minded moms (and dads!) in our free online community. You’ll find a plethora of resources to help you through your parenting challenges. Plus, you’ll find me there! And I’d love to connect.
Do you need actionable strategies right now? Register for this free 60-minute webinar titled How to Get Kids to Listen, Without Nagging, Yelling or Losing Control. You’ll walk away with parent-tested tactics to get your kids to listen starting today.
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Bigger brains help female fish outwit predators and live longer. Bigger brains meant smarter guppies which meant they were more likely to outwit predators and live longer. However, this didn’t seem to work for males, whose bright colours may have countered any benefit of higher intelligence. The researchers did find that large-brained males were faster swimmers and better at learning and remembering the location of females. Size is a critical trait underlying cognitive ability but it is not the only trait, and there is enormous variation in brain size of vertebrates – both relatively and absolutely. Given that brains are energetically costly this means there is an optimal brain size that balances these costs and benefits.
Studies in mice have suggested that telomeres, the caps at the end of each of our DNA strands, may provide a useful target for anti-cancer drugs. Since cancer cells require intact telomeres to replicate, researchers have tried blocking the growth of the protective covers at the ends of the telomeres (called shelterin). Studies in mice with an aggressive lung cancer showed that tumour growth could be prevented by using chemicals which block shelterin growth.
Maria Blasco, from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, said:
"First, we showed that TRF1 genetic abrogation was sufficient to stop aggressive lung cancer from growing. Second, we screened for chemical compounds that were able to achieve TRF1 targeting in vivo and show efficiency en decreasing the growth of these tumors without showing loss of mouse or organ viability."
Fish are proving themselves smarter than many scientists have given them credit for. In 1998 Bshary observed a grouper fish and a giant moray eel cooperating to hunt. Bshary created artificial reefs and found many the behaviours he spotted in the wild could be repeated in laboratory conditions.
“In one experiment, he showed that when cleaners work in male and female pairs, as frequently happens in the wild, they are much less likely to cheat than when they work alone; and that this is mostly because the female gets punished by being chased around by the male if she slacks off.”
Having children can permanently affect the female brain. The surge in female sex hormones during pregnancy can influence the development of key parts of the central nervous system. The research on rats looked at 2 of the oestrogen hormones used to treat the symptoms of menopausal women and found that they had a complex effect depending on the age of the women and whether they had previously given birth. The surge in oestrogen hormones during pregnancy can influence the plasticity of nerve cells in the hippocampus, the area in the brain responsible for memory and spatial awareness.
Mice in space develop thin skin. The mice stayed an equivalent of 7 ‘human years’ in space and scientists found these ‘astromice’ had thinner skin than mice that had stayed on the ground, as well as changes to their muscles and hair. Astronauts tend to experience increased skin irritation and find that minor wounds, such as scratches and abrasions, take longer to heal.
A mystery diseases is killing off the saiga antelopes. Around 120,000 saiga antelopes, almost half of the world’s remaining population have been killed and we don’t know why. The animals began dying from an unidentified cause around may 10.
"It's very dramatic and traumatic, with 100 per cent mortality," said Richard Kock of the Royal Veterinary College in Hatfield. "I know of no example in history with this level of mortality, killing all the animals and all the calves." The animals die through severe diarrhoea and difficulty breathing.
Last edited: 6 April 2022 08:05
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Johnson Oatman Jr’s song “Count your Blessings” is an apt reminder about where our optimism and hope are to come from.
“When upon life’s billows you are tempest-tossed,
When you are discouraged, thinking all is lost,
Count your blessings, name them one by one,
And it will surprise you what the Lord has done…“
Indeed, counting blessings can be an intentional act that counteracts what can feel at times like a long and sometimes discouraging winter and COVID-19 season.
We had a number of blessings to count, looking back on the pandemic season. Among them: a young woman in our sex trade exit program was saved from homelessness, accepted Christ as her Saviour, and completed a job training program. This leaves her with a more positive outlook towards the future.
Another woman we work with secured a full-time job, and was able to continue working from home during the pandemic.
One of the women we work with has renewed her faith in Jesus, and now reads the Bible every day, and has been attending worship services online.
We assisted someone with the purchase of a blood pressure monitor, which equipped her to take better care of her health.
All of the women in our exit program have been safe during the pandemic, and none have returned to their previous lifestyle.
We were also able to support a number of single-parent families by providing for their practical needs.
In addition, we have successfully piloted a social media outreach program to women in the sex trade, which will create new ways to reach those who might benefit from our support.
We thank God for sustaining the health of our team members, and for the addition of new staff and several interns that have allowed our ministry to continue!
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Public Summary of FOIA Procedures and Guidelines
It is the public policy of this state that all persons
(except those persons incarcerated in state or local correctional facilities)
are entitled to full and complete information regarding the affairs of government and the official acts of those who represent them as public officials and public employees.
The people shall be informed so that they may fully participate in the democratic process.
Consistent with the Michigan Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Public Act 442 of 1976, the following is the Written Public Summary of the County’s FOIA Procedures and Guidelines relevant to the general public.
This is only a summary of the County’s FOIA Procedures and Guidelines. For more details and information, copies of the County’s FOIA Procedures and Guidelines are available at no charge at any County office and on the County’s website: www.ingham.org.
How do I submit a FOIA request to the County?
A request must sufficiently describe a public record so as to enable the County to find it.
Please include the words “FOIA” or “FOIA Request” in the request to assist the County in providing a prompt response.
Requests to inspect or obtain copies of public records prepared, owned, used, possessed or retained by the County may be submitted on the County’s FOIA Request Form, in any other form of writing (letter, fax, email, etc.).
No specific form to submit a written request is required. However a FOIA Request Form and other FOIA-related forms are available for your use and convenience on the County’s website at www.Ingham.org, and at the County Board of Commissioners’ Office (“County BOC Office”), Ingham County Courthouse, Mason, MI 48854.
Written requests may be delivered to the County BOC Office in person or by mail: Attn: Becky Bennett, FOIA Coordinator, P.O. Box 319, Mason, MI 48854
Requests may be faxed to: (517) 676-7264. To ensure a prompt response, faxed requests should contain the term “FOIA” or “FOIA Request” on the first/cover page.
Requests may be emailed to: email@example.com. To ensure a prompt response, email requests should contain the term “FOIA” or “FOIA Request” in the subject line.
What kind of response can I expect to my request?
Within 5 business days after receiving a FOIA request the County will issue a response. If a request is received by fax or email, the request is deemed to have been received on the following business day. The County will respond to your request in one of the following ways:
Grant the request,
Issue a written notice denying the request,
Grant the request in part and issue a written notice denying in part the request,
Issue a notice indicating that due to the nature of the request the County needs an additional 10 business days to respond, or
Issue a written notice indicating that the public record requested is available at no charge on the County’s website
If the request is granted, or granted in part, the County will ask that payment be made for the allowable fees associated with responding to the request before the public record is made available.
If the cost of processing the request is expected to exceed $50, or if you have not paid for a previously granted request, the County will require a deposit before processing the request.
What are the County’s deposit requirements?
If the County has made a good faith calculation that the total fee for processing the request will exceed $50.00, the County will require that you provide a deposit in the amount of 50% of the total estimated fee. When the County requests the deposit, it will provide you a non-binding best efforts estimate of how long it will take to process the request after you have paid your deposit.
If the County receives a request from a person who has not paid the County for copies of public records made in fulfillment of a previously granted written request, the County will require a deposit of 100% of the estimated processing fee before it begins to search for the public record for any subsequent written request when all of the following conditions exist:
The final fee for the prior written request is not more than 105% of the estimated fee;
The public records made available contained the information sought in the prior written request and remain in the County's possession;
The public records were made available to the individual, subject to payment, within the best effort time frame estimated by the County to provide the records;
Ninety (90) days have passed since the County notified the individual in writing that the public records were available for pickup or mailing;
The individual is unable to show proof of prior payment to the County; and
The County has calculated an estimated detailed itemization that is the basis for the current written request’s increased fee deposit.
The County will not require the 100% estimated fee deposit if any of the following apply:
The person making the request is able to show proof of prior payment in full to the County;
The County is subsequently paid in full for all applicable prior written requests; or
Three hundred sixty-five (365) days have passed since the person made the request for which full payment was not remitted to the County.
How does the County calculate FOIA processing fees?
The Michigan FOIA statute permits the County to charge for the following costs associated with processing a request:
Labor costs associated with copying or duplication, which includes making paper copies, making digital copies, or transferring digital public records to non-paper physical media or through the Internet.
Labor costs associated with searching for, locating and examining a requested public record, when failure to charge a fee will result in unreasonably high costs to the County.
Labor costs associated with a review of a record to separate and delete information exempt from disclosure, when failure to charge a fee will result in unreasonably high costs to the County.
The cost of copying or duplication, not including labor, of paper copies of public records. This may include the cost for copies of records already on the County’s website if you ask for the County to make copies.
The cost of computer discs, computer tapes or other digital or similar media when the requester asks for records in non-paper physical media. This may include the cost for copies of records already on the County’s website if you ask for the County to make copies.
The cost to mail or send a public record to a requestor.
All labor costs will be estimated and charged in 15-minute increments, with all partial time increments rounded down. If the time involved is less than 15 minutes, there will be no charge.
Labor costs will be charged at the hourly wage of the lowest-paid County employee capable of doing the work in the specific fee category, regardless of who actually performs work.
Labor costs will also include a charge to cover or partially cover the cost of fringe benefits. County may add up to 50% to the applicable labor charge amount to cover or partially cover the cost of fringe benefits, but in no case may it exceed the actual cost of fringe benefits.
Overtime wages will not be included in labor costs unless agreed to by the requestor; overtime costs will not be used to calculate the fringe benefit cost...
Contracted labor costs will be charged at the hourly rate of $48.90 (6 times the state minimum hourly wage).
A labor cost will not be charged for the search, examination, review and the deletion and separation of exempt from nonexempt information unless failure to charge a fee would result in unreasonably high costs to the County. Costs are unreasonably high when they are excessive and beyond the normal or usual amount for those services compared to the County’s usual FOIA requests, because of the nature of the request in the particular instance. The County must specifically identify the nature of the unreasonably high costs in writing.
Copying and Duplication
The County must use the most economical method for making copies of public records, including using double-sided printing, if cost-saving and available.
Non-paper Copies on Physical Media
The cost for records provided on non-paper physical media, such as computer discs, computer tapes or other digital or similar media will be at the actual and most reasonably economical cost for the non-paper media.
This cost will be charged only if the County has the technological capability necessary to provide the public record in the requested non-paper physical media format.
Paper copies of public records made on standard letter (8 ½ x 11) or legal (8 ½ x 14) sized paper will not exceed $.10 per sheet of paper.
Copies for non-standard sized sheets of paper will reflect the actual cost of reproduction.
The cost to mail public records will use a reasonably economical and justified means.
The County may charge for the least expensive form of postal delivery confirmation.
No cost will be made for expedited shipping or insurance unless you request it.
Waiver of Fees
The cost of the search for and copying of a public record may be waived or reduced if in the sole judgment of the FOIA Coordinator a waiver or reduced fee is in the public interest because it can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public. The County Board of Commissioners may identify specific records or types of records it deems should be made available for no charge or at a reduced cost.
How do I qualify for an indigence discount on the fee?
The County will discount the first $20.00 of fees for a request if you submit an affidavit stating that you are:
Indigent and receiving specific public assistance; or
If not receiving public assistance, stating facts demonstrating an inability to pay because of indigence.
You are not eligible to receive the $20.00 discount if you:
Have previously received discounted copies of public records from the County twice during the calendar year; or
Are requesting information on behalf of other persons who are offering or providing payment to you to make the request.
An affidavit is sworn statement. For your convenience, the County has provided an Affidavit of Indigence for the waiver of FOIA fees on the back of the County FOIA Request Form, which is available on the County’s website: www.ingham.org.
May a nonprofit organization receive a discount on the fee?
A nonprofit organization advocating for developmentally disabled or mentally ill individuals that is formally designated by the state to carry out activities under subtitle C of the federal developmental disabilities assistance and bill of rights act of 2000, Public Law 106-402, and the protection and advocacy for individuals with mental illness act, Public Law 99-319, may receive a $20.00 discount if the request meets all of the following requirements in the Act:
Is made directly on behalf of the organization or its clients.
Is made for a reason wholly consistent with the mission and provisions of those laws under section 931 of the mental health code, 1974 PA 258, MCL 330.1931.
Is accompanied by documentation of its designation by the state, if requested by the public body.
How may I challenge the denial of a public record or an excessive fee?
Appeal of a Denial of a Public Record
If you believe that all or a portion of a public record has not been disclosed or has been improperly exempted from disclosure, you may appeal to the County Board of Commissioners by filing a written appeal of the denial with the office of the County Board of Commissioners.
The appeal must be in writing, specifically state the word “appeal,” and identify the reason or reasons you are seeking a reversal of the denial. You may use the County FOIA Appeal Form (To Appeal a Denial of Records), which is available on the County’s website: www.ingham.org.
The County Board of Commissioners is not considered to have received a written appeal until the first regularly scheduled County Commission meeting following submission of the written appeal. Within 10 business days of receiving the appeal the County Board of Commissioners will respond in writing by:
Reversing the disclosure denial;
Upholding the disclosure denial; or
Reverse the disclosure denial in part and uphold the disclosure denial in part.
Whether or not you submitted an appeal of a denial to the County Board of Commissioners, you may file a civil action in the County Circuit Court within 180 days after the County's final determination to deny your request. If you prevail in the civil action the court will award you reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and disbursements. If the court determines that the County acted arbitrarily and capriciously in refusing to disclose or provide a public record, the court shall award you damages in the amount of $1,000.
Appeal of an Excess FOIA Processing Fee
If you believe that the fee charged by the County to process your FOIA request exceeds the amount permitted by state law, you must first appeal to the County Board of Commissioners by filing a written appeal for a fee reduction to the office of the County Board of Commissioners.
The appeal must specifically state the word “appeal” and identify how the required fee exceeds the amount permitted. You may use the County FOIA Appeal Form (To Appeal an Excess Fee), which is available at the County Building and on the County’s website: www.ingham.org.
The County Board of Commissioners is not considered to have received a written appeal until the first regularly scheduled County Commission meeting following submission of the written appeal. Within 10 business days after receiving the appeal, the County Board of Commissioners will respond in writing by:
Waiving the fee;
Reducing the fee and issue a written determination indicating the specific basis that supports the remaining fee;
Upholding the fee and issue a written determination indicating the specific basis that supports the required fee; or
Issuing a notice detailing the reason or reasons for extending for not more than 10 business days the period during which the County Board of Commissioners will respond to the written appeal.
Within 45 days after receiving notice of the County Board of Commissioners' determination of the processing fee appeal, you may commence a civil action in the County Circuit Court for a fee reduction. If you prevail in the civil action by receiving a reduction of 50% or more of the total fee, the court may award all or appropriate amount of reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and disbursements. If the court determines that the County acted arbitrarily and capriciously by charging an excessive fee, court may also award you punitive damages in the amount of $500.
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All Content © Copyright 2022 Ingham County
Website designed and developed by Web Ascender
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WHAT IS CROWDFUNDING?
Similar to Kickstarter, Indiegogo, or GoFundMe, Go Beyond The Block: Crowdfunding at Colorado College is CC’s platform for community fundraising. The platform offers our students, faculty, and staff a new avenue for sharing their projects and directly appealing to prospective donors for gifts. Donors can make gifts directly to projects that are most meaningful to them.
WHO CAN DONATE TO PROJECTS?
Parents, friends, family, and alumni have already generously supported CC crowdfunding projects. The beauty of crowdfunding is that it inspires people to give because they know where their money is going and how it will make a difference.
HOW WILL PEOPLE LEARN ABOUT THE PROJECTS?
The college will feature projects on the platform and share them with alumni, parents, and friends. However, successful crowdfunding relies on project managers, who communicate information about their projects and develop networks for support.
HOW MUCH MONEY DO AVERAGE PROJECTS RAISE?
Research has shown that a typical crowdfunding project attracts between $2,000 and $4,000.
WHAT CAN’T WE DO WITH THIS PLATFORM?
There are two limitations that our platform has in accepting fundraising projects.
Due to financial reasons, we cannot raise money for any organization that is not directly affiliated with CC. We also cannot allow organizations to raise funds with our platform on behalf of any third-party organization. If you are passionate about a CC-affiliated worthy cause, do not hesitate to submit your application. The college is committed to community service, and if you believe you have a great way to improve the community, we will work with you to make it happen.
Because of IRS regulations, we cannot allow fundraising campaigns to give physical gifts to donors as rewards for contributions. We allow fundraising campaigns to provide benefits to donors, such as meet-and-greets, tours, social media shout outs,etc. The more creative the incentive, the more likely you will reach your goal.
WHO MANAGES THE CURRENT PLATFORM?
The Department of Annual Giving within the Office of Advancement oversees the crowdfunding program and platform. If you have questions, contact us at email@example.com.
William Schiffelbein, Director of Annual Giving -- (719) 389-6753
Angel Martinez, Assistant Director of Annual Giving -- (719) 389-6143
I'M INTERESTED. HOW CAN I CROWDFUND FOR MY PROJECT/CLUB TEAM/SPORTS TEAM/ETC?
If your student organization has a great mission that improves the CC community, if you’re a faculty member looking to improve your department, or if you’re affiliated with the CC community and have an innovative idea; crowdfunding may be an excellent fit for you. Our website accepts any and all applications, and we are prioritizing fundraising campaigns that strive to enhance the CC experience.
Please complete a crowdfunding proposal form. Applications will be screened and approved by a panel of students, faculty, and staff.
Yes. All philanthropic contributions to Colorado College are tax-deductible as prescribed by law.
You'll receive an email receipt shortly after you make your gift.
Your credit card is charged when you complete your online gift.
Call 1 (800) 782-6306 or email firstname.lastname@example.org
Of course! For certain projects, you will have a free text field on the gift form that will display on the donor wall within the crowdfunding platform, but we will not notify the honorary or memorial donor separately. If you would like a notification to be sent to the honorary donor or their family on your behalf, please make your gift on our traditional gift form.
Yes. Please contact us at 1 (800) 782-6306 or mail your check to:
Office of Advancement
P.O. Box 1117
Colorado Springs, CO 80901-9897
*Please enclose a copy of our gift form with your check and specify which project to which you'd like to contribute.
ACH Conversion: When sending a check, you authorize Colorado College either to use information from your check to make a one-time electronic fund transfer from your account or to process the payment as a check transaction. For inquiries, please call (719)-389-6354.
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The Afrikaner Party (AP) was a South African political party from 1941 to 1951.
The Afrikaner Party's roots can be traced back to September 1939, when South Africa declared war on Germany shortly after the start of World War II. The then Prime Minister J.B.M. Hertzog and his followers did not agree with this move and broke away from the United Party to form the Volksparty (People's Party).
The Volksparty later split: one faction joined the Gesuiwerde Nasionale Party (Purified National Party) to form the Herenigde Nasionale Party (Re-united National Party) while the other faction became the Afrikaner Party under the leadership of N.C. Havenga.
After the 1948 South African general election the Herenigde National Party and Afrikaner Party formed a coalition in order to achieve an absolute majority in parliament. The Afrikaner Party was very much the junior partner in this, however, and in 1951, the two parties amalgamated to become the National Party.
|Election year||# of total votes||% of overall vote||# of seats won||Rank|
- Winkler Prins Encyclopedie 1955, deur: red. Winkler Prins.
- Nuwe Geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika: T. Cameron. 1986, Human & Rousseau.
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26 October 2017
BeeConnected is a nation-wide, user-driven smart-phone app that enables collaboration between beekeepers, farmers and spray contractors to facilitate best-practice pollinator protection.
BeeConnected is a world-first Google Maps-based, user-driven communication and coordination tool to help protect Australia’s honey bee population during normal farming practices. Australia’s healthy honey bee colonies are responsible for the pollination of many of Australia’s crops. It is essential that everyone assists in keeping it that way.
BeeConnected allows farmers to easily log the location of their properties through a Google Maps-based platform with GPS capability. Beekeepers can use the same functions to log the present or future locations of their beehives. When a beehive is logged nearby a farmer’s property, both users are sent automated notifications and are able to chat further about their activities via a secure internal messaging service.
BeeConnected is free and available on iPhone, Android and desktop computers.
Download User Guide.
Visit the BeeConnected website here.
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https://www.croplife.org.au/resources/programs/beeconnected/
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| 0.924991
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The Emirate of Transjordan (Arabic: إمارة شرق الأردن Imārat Sharq al-Urdun), also hyphenated as Trans-Jordan and previously known as Transjordania or Trans-Jordania, was a British protectorate established in April 1921. There were many urban settlements beyond the Jordan River, one in Al-Salt city and at that time the largest urban settlement east of the Jordan River. There was also a small Circassian community in Amman.
Transjordan had been a no man's land following the July 1920 Battle of Maysalun, and the British in neighbouring Mandatory Palestine chose to avoid "any definite connection between it and Palestine" until a March 1921 conference at which it was agreed that Abdullah bin Hussein would administer the territory under the auspices of the British Mandate for Palestine with a fully autonomous governing system.
The Hashemite dynasty ruled the protectorate, as well as the neighbouring Mandatory Iraq. On 25 May 1946, the Emirate became the "Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan", achieving full independence on 17 June 1946 when in accordance with the Treaty of London ratifications were exchanged in Amman. In 1949 the country's official name was changed to the "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan".
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https://onlinecoin.club/Info/Countries/Transjordan/
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| 0.970841
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The Early Years Learning Framework enables Mawson Primary School’s early childhood educators within the preschool settings to extend and enrich children's learning, provide opportunities for children to develop a foundation for learning and for children to become successful learners.
Within the Early Years Learning Framework there are three basic concepts that characterise children’s lives - Belonging, Being and Becoming. This refers to how a child is linked to family, community, culture and place. Through relationships a child's development and learning takes place. They begin to explore, develop interests, create their own identity and make meaning of the world around them. The three concepts, Belonging, Being & Becoming, represent life and living and are constantly referred to throughout the EYLF.
The EYLF learning outcomes are goals which can be achieved by a child during their learning. The outcomes and sub outcomes cover a variety of areas which include identity, community, wellbeing, learning and communication.
Learning Outcome 1: Children have a strong sense of identity
- Children feel safe, secure, and supported.
- Children develop their emerging autonomy, inter-dependence, resilience and sense of agency.
- Children develop knowledgeable and confident self identities.
- Children learn to interact in relation to others with care, empathy and respect.
Learning Outcome 2: Children are connected with and contribute to their world
- Children develop a sense of belonging to groups and communities and an understanding of the reciprocal rights and responsibilities necessary for active community participation.
- Children respond to diversity with respect.
- Children become aware of fairness.
- Children become socially responsible and show respect for the environment
Learning Outcome 3: Children have a strong sense of wellbeing
- Children become strong in their social and emotional wellbeing.
- Children take increasing responsibility for their own health and physical wellbeing.
Learning Outcome 4: Children are confident and involved learners
- Children develop dispositions for learning such as curiosity, cooperation, confidence, creativity, commitment, enthusiasm, persistence, imagination and reflexivity.
- Children develop a range of skills and processes such as problem solving, inquiry, experimentation, hypothesising, researching and investigating.
- Children transfer and adapt what they have learned from one context to another.
- Children resource their own learning through connecting with people, place, technologies and natural and processed materials.
Learning Outcome 5: Children are effective communicators
- Children interact verbally and non-verbally with others for a range of purposes.
- Children engage with a range of texts and gain meaning from these texts.
- Children express ideas and make meaning using a range of media.
- Children begin to understand how symbols and pattern systems work.
- Children use information and communication technologies to access information, investigate ideas and represent their thinking.
Sessions and Times
Mawson Preschool currently operates full time with three groups. Children attend for 30 hours each fortnight. The preschool has two qualified early childhood teachers and two preschool assistants.
The sessions are: 8.45am-2.45pm Monday, Tuesday and alternate Wednesdays 8.45am-2.45pm Thursday, Friday and alternate Wednesdays. Children at Mawson Preschool will be nurtured and secure in the relationships they form with staff, parents and other children when they attend for their preschool year.
Enrolment procedures and contacts
Children seeking to enter school at the preschool entry point should be four year of age on or before 30 April in that year.
Preschool enrolments open on the first day of term 2 prior to the commencement of the preschool year. Enrolment into ACT Public Schools must be completed online:
Enquires about enrolment procedures can be made by contacting Mawson Primary School on 6142 2700
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Study and Preparation of the Safety Layout
DescriptionIn order to graphically display a control and validation table of the machine's safety components, it is essential to prepare a safety matrix that shows all the control devices and all the safety measures that must stop such devices for safety reasons.
The following standards are used to prepare the safety matrix:
- EN ISO 12100 Safety of machinery. General principles for design. Risk assessment and risk reduction.
- EN ISO 13849-1 Safety of machinery. Safety-related parts of control systems. Part 1: General principles for design.
ExamplesExamples of a safety matrix are shown below:
The documentation can be delivered:
- In PDF digital format.
- In Spanish. Other languages on demand.
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https://www.i9s.es/en/services/safety-engineering/estudio-elaboracion-matriz-seguridad/
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|
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| 0.850597
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The National Weather Service has issued a wind advisory for several areas of the state, in effect Tuesday morning through early Wednesday evening.
The affected areas include: the Sacramento Valley, Carquinez Strait and Delta, and the Northern San Joaquin Valley.
Another round of gusty north winds are expected across the Central Valley and northern Sierra on Tuesday and Wednesday. The strongest winds in the Valley are expected along the western edge where gusts of 35 to 45 mph will be possible. The strongest winds over the Sierra are expected near the crest with gusts up to 50 mph anticipated with locally higher gusts over wind prone areas.
The wind advisory remains in effect from 7 a.m. Tuesday, Feb. 1 to 6 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 2, Pacific Standard Time.
Locally, north winds of 15 to 25 mph are anticipated with gusts of 30 to 45 mph expected.
Gusty winds could blow around unsecured objects. Tree limbs could be blown down and a few power outages may result. Take time to secure outdoor objects.
Residents are also advised to use extra caution when driving, especially if operating a high profile vehicle.
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https://www.escalontimes.com/news/high-winds-forecast-san-joaquin-valley/
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|
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| 0.945558
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| 1.664063
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|
Nearly Normal Cooking for Gluten Free Eating cookbook (paperback)
Nearly Normal Cooking™ for Gluten-Free Eating (published 2006) is the culmination of culinary experiments, research and insights into gluten-free life. In a world where gluten-free food has nearly always been synonymous with enjoyment-free food, this badly needed guidebook will help all those with gluten intolerance begin to live the “nearly normal” life they so deserve. In a genial and easy-to-read manner, Jules shares tips and tricks of cooking gluten-free so that no one will ever know the difference.
Among the highlights included in this cookbook are:
- The HOW-TOs of Gluten-Free Living
- A Reference guide of safe grains and ingredients
- Helpful advice and references on celiac disease
- More than 145 delicious and do-able recipes for every meal of the day
Jules Shepard, a long-time lover of all baked goodies, was diagnosed with life-altering celiac disease in 1999. Until that time, she had suffered through nearly ten years of misdiagnoses and a roller coaster of gastrointestinal symptoms. Transitioning from a steady diet of pizza, pasta and bagels to rice, beans and bananas was incredibly difficult, particularly without the aid of any tasteful specialty cookbooks or gluten-free mixes.
Especially unique to this cookbook are gluten-free recipes containing ingredients found in most kitchens and grocery stores – no extensive searching and expensive specialty store bills are necessary to make safe and delicious meals. Jules Shepard also discloses the recipe to her own all purpose gluten-free flour which is unlike any other on the market today. Using a special combination of five different flours, the result is a versatile blend of flours that tastes – yes tastes – like the flour we were all raised on.
“This cookbook is the culmination of years of trial and error – once diagnosed with celiac disease I set out to do away with the typical dry, gritty gluten-free food that pervades the marketplace,” says author Jules Shepard. “The point of the cookbook is to infuse a little humor while helping the reader learn to live life as close to normal as possible — and of course to learn to make gluten-free meals that everyone will honestly enjoy eating!”
As an avid cook and good Southern woman, Jules attempted to continue creating delicious meals and tempting treats for her family and friends. But when they could stand gluten-free food no longer, she set about to revolutionize recipes without gluten. With the goal of making gluten-free food taste nearly normal, Jules spent years experimenting with various grains and flours to formulate recipes that offer a fresh and tasty approach to living and eating without missing the wheat or gluten.
Those suffering from celiac disease can’t process grains like wheat, barley or rye, which cause damage to their intestines, among other health problems. It is fast becoming recognized as one of the most common life-long genetic diseases, yet the only known treatment requires strict adherence to a diet without gluten. This diet is not easy, nor is it satisfying – until now!
Jules Shepard is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate in English from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and also earned her JD and LL.M. in international and comparative law from the Duke University School of Law. A former state prosecutor, Jules now focuses on her family, and on creating yum-o, gluten-free creations that no one would suspect are gluten free.
We ship out 98.4% of orders w/in 24 hours. Check out our low all-in flat rates to Canada. Live somewhere else? Email us and we’ll work with carriers to get you the best rate available.
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| 0.946974
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We explain what financial planning and what its objectives are. In addition, how it is classified, why it is important and examples.
What is financial planning?
In the field of administration and finance , financial planning or financial planning is known as the process of determining how an organization, company or person will manage its capital resources to achieve its established objectives. In simpler terms, it is developing a financial plan, ie a budget and / or a scheme of expenses that allows to organize managing money effectively and conveniently.
Its process must contemplate deadlines, costs and objectives in a detailed, personalized and organized manner, for which it usually uses the following stages:
- Establishment of objectives and their priority, expressed in financial terms.
- Definition of the deadlines to achieve these objectives.
- Preparation of a financial budget that identifies the items (or money segments) necessary to meet the objectives.
- Measurement and control of the financial decisions taken and their comparison with previous financial plans.
In this way, it is usually exercised in advance, as a way of organizing the financial future of the organization , usually at the hands of financial advisors and expense planners, either own or outsourced.
Its fundamental objective is the elaboration of a finance plan , that is, a road map towards the business objectives set, in terms of the management of finance and capital resources. That is, a financial horizon, a money management strategy to get the most out of it in favor of the fundamental guidelines of the organization .
For this, any financial planning exercise must draw up a rigorous and detailed examination of the current financial statement and the consequences, positive and negative, that its determined management would entail in the short, medium and long term.
Of course, as there is no perfect or infallible plan , this also involves forecasts and projections, in order to anticipate unforeseen events and to be as close as possible to the final objective.
In conclusion, these objectives can be summarized in:
- Avoid situations of lack of availability of financial resources as much as possible.
- Reduce maintenance costs to also reduce the opportunity cost of the company .
- Guarantee the financial durability of the organization.
Types of financial planning
Based on its temporal scope, we can quickly distinguish two types of it, which are:
- Long-term financial planning. Generally these are projections between 2 and 5 years in the future, so they are handled with a much wider range of variables and uncertainty, which also requires more general approaches.
- Short term financial planning. In this case, these are much closer projections, generally equal or less than a year, so they are considered immediate and require a more specific, narrower and less general approach.
Importance of financial planning
It is a vital tool for companies and organizations, especially when making decisions . Like people, companies have a budget and certain economic limitations within whose margins they must be managed to achieve their objectives, so a thorough plan on how to invest money is always a good idea . This is the reason why you invest so much in this sector of business administration.
Example of financial planning
It is extensive and complex, since it involves numerous variables and environmental studies . Recall that in these disciplines the boundaries between knowledge are mobile, they touch. It is possible, however, to appreciate the dimensions of it on this page and also on this page .
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https://whatmaster.com/financial-planning/
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| 0.947125
| 692
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Will we take the biggest step ever on global warming?
The Clean Power Plan is the strongest action we've ever taken to tackle global warming. The plan will reduce carbon pollution from power plants by 32% and it’s a critical part of helping us reach a strong climate deal in Paris later this fall.
But it’s under fire from all corners. Polluters and allies are filing lawsuits. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is even calling foreign officials to undermine President Obama's plan.
With record drought, record wildfire and record global temperatures, we can't afford to let climate-deniers block this critical step before it has a chance to work.
Tell Congress to support the Clean Power Plan today.
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<urn:uuid:b1a90c42-a5e7-45ae-8119-783ed51bb711>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://environmentrhodeisland.webaction.org/p/dia/action3/common/public/index.sjs?action_KEY=12549
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en
| 0.916034
| 145
| 2.40625
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|
It was a meeting via phone with my team from the university. After it concluded, one of my colleagues asked me what my schedule was like when I was here, in Galicia. I replied that I tried to follow the three work schedules I have—the one from New York with its six-hour difference, the one from California with nine, and the one from my village, with my mother and her way of understanding time.
I took her to the hair salon: «Look at these roots», she said. The following day celebrated San Cristovo, Saint Christopher, the patron saint of my father’s village and of drivers everywhere. We took the car to go to mass, and on the way there, we stopped to buy flowers because «God only knows in what shape your father’s tomb is.» It usually takes no more than 40 minutes to go from my house to Armariz, but I was listening to my mother and missed the exit, so the drive took me an hour and a half instead. We arrived, removed the weeds from the tomb, placed the sempiternal red carnations, heard the bells, and ran down to church.
Saint Christopher’s Day is one more religious festivity or romaría, like the hundreds of romarías that often in the summer celebrate the Galician way of understanding life. These are religious festivities like the one celebreating the Virgin of the Carmen, sometimes having little to do with religion itself and more to do with a specific way of remembering the way we were and the way we no longer are.
I was raised in these religious festivities. As a bagpiper, the romarías were a job and as a daughter they were an obligation. But now, between meetings, and with little time to sleep, going to clean my father’s tomb on the same day that he would drive his car to be blessed seems like a small utopia. The village, empty, it only fills up for these festivities. And we, we who are our traditions, must not forget that our cultural identity defines itself through the way we had of celebrating all aspects of life as a community: the saint or the harvest. What will be tomorrow’s utopia?
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www.cristinapato.com/en/articles/religious-festivities-and-identity/
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| 0.979184
| 461
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Advancing Diversity: Tri-C Honored as National Leader in Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
Award recognizes achievement in college leadership, community and higher education
Cuyahoga Community College (Tri-C®) has received the Advancing Diversity Award from the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) in recognition of the College’s commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion in higher education and the Cleveland community.
The award was presented at the AACC Awards of Excellence Gala in New York City on May 1 as part of the AACC Annual Conference. It recognizes high achievement and advancement of best practices among community colleges and their administrators, trustees and faculty.
In accepting the award, Tri-C president Alex Johnson recognized staff efforts toward developing "inclusive excellence."
In response to the disproportionate effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people of color and low-income people, Tri-C increased access to resources and networking opportunities for students and spearheaded discussions about racial justice and social equity. The College created the Stand for Racial Justice (SRJ) alliance in the wake of George Floyd’s murder in 2020. SRJ is a task force of students, staff, faculty and community members that works to enhance and develop training and education, policies and practices, and more.
The College also created Advancing Women in Equity and Inclusion, a task force that provides students, faculty and staff of all gender identities with information, services, programming and gender equity trainings that address matters of particular concern to women.
Mike Boyko, a professor of criminal justice at Tri-C who received the AACC’s 2022 Dale P. Parnell Distinguished Faculty Award in February, was also honored at the gala.
May 06, 2022
By Anthony Moujaes, 216-987-3068 or firstname.lastname@example.org
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| 0.944122
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|Pinisi, art of boatbuilding in South Sulawesi|
|Criteria||Oral traditions and expressions, Social practices, rituals and festive events, and Traditional craftsmanship|
|Region||Asia and the Pacific|
|Inscription||2017 (12th session)|
Pinisi, or the Art of Boatbuilding in South Sulawesi, refers to the rig and sail of the famed ‘Sulawesi schooner’. The construction and deployment of such vessels stand in the millennia-long tradition of Austronesian boatbuilding and navigation that has brought forth a broad variety of sophisticated watercrafts.
Literally, the word pinisi refers to a type of rigging (the configuration of masts, sails and ropes (‘lines’)) of Indonesian sailing vessels. A pinisi carries seven to eight sails on two masts, arranged like a gaff-ketch with what is called 'standing gaffs' — i.e., unlike most Western ships using such a rig, the two main sails are not opened by raising the spars they are attached to, but the sails are 'pulled out' like curtains along the gaffs which are fixed at around the centre of the masts.
As is the case with many Indonesia sailing craft, the word 'pinisi' thus names only a type of rig, and does not describe the shape of the hull of a vessel that uses such sails.
Pinisi-rigged ships were mainly built by the Konjo-speaking people of Ara, a village in the district of Bontobahari, Bulukumba regency, South Sulawesi, and widely used by Buginese and Makassarese seafarers as a cargo vessel. In the years before the eventual disappearance of wind-powered transport in course of the motorization of Indonesia's traditional trading fleet in the 1970/80s, vessels using a pinisi rig were the largest Indonesian sailing ships.
Today, the word 'pinisi' is, often rather indiscriminately, used to name most types of wooden ships of Indonesia. The popular spelling 'phinisi' was an attempt to mimic the Indonesia pronunciation of the word, /pi:nisi/, first used to name Phinisi Nusantara, a motorized traditional vessel with such a rig that in 1986 was sailed from Indonesia to Expo 86 in Vancouver, Canada.
Being the best-known Indonesian sailing-vessel, 'pinisi' became the tagline for the 2017 inscription of ''The Art of Boatbuilding in South Sulawesi'' in the UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
The earliest mention, in both foreign and indigenous sources, of the term 'pinisi' that clearly refers to a type of sailing vessel from Sulawesi is found in a 1917 article in the Dutch periodical Coloniale Studiën: "... a small schooner rigged in European manner." Indeed, records of the use of European-type fore-and-aft rigs on indigenous ships of the Malay Archipelago only begin in the first half of the 19th century, and only in the early 20th century significant numbers of boats from Sulawesi were equipped with such sails. Until the mid-20th century, the Sulawesi sailors themselves referred to their ships by the term palari, the type of hull most suited for the driving forces of the pinisi rig.
There is wide range of local traditions claiming a much earlier origin for both the word 'pinisi' and the type of ship thus called, many of which, however, can only be traced back to the last two to three decades. The shipwrights of Ara and Lemo-Lemo, the second boat-building centre of the region, relate their proficiency in naval architecture (and, depending on source, creation of the first pinisi) to Sawerigading, one of main protagonists in the Bugis epic Sureq Galigo: To avoid the incestuous relation impending when he fell in love with his twin sister, Sawerigading is given a magically built ship to sail to a place where a girl looking like her is said to dwell; when he breaks his promise to never return, the vessel sinks; its keel, frames, planks and masts, washed on the shores off the three villages, were reassembled by the local people, who thus learned how to build and sail ships. It is of note that in the actual epic Sawerigading returns to his homelands, to, together with his new-found wife, eventually become the ruler of the underworld, and that the term 'pinisi' does not show up in any of the accessible manuscripts of the story. Perceivably, "the myth supports the people of Bontobahari in their dependence on boatbuilding as a way of life, [...] justify[ing] their monopoly" on the building of such vessels.
Since the 1970s, a wide range of other explanations for the origin of the word 'pinisi' have been forwarded. These include that, e.g., a ruler of the Makassan polity of Talloq, I Manyingarang Dg Makkilo, named thus one of his boats, allegedly combining the two words "picuru" (meaning "good example") and "binisi" (a type of small, agile and tough fish on the surface of the water and not affected by currents and waves). Another version states that the name pinisi comes from word panisi (Bugis word, means insert), or mappanisi (inserting), which refers to caulking process. It is even claimed that the word derived from the name of the Italian city of Venice, where the sailors of the village of Bira traded spices and saw ketch-rigged vessels; or where schooner rigs were 'invented', thus lending the name to its Sulawesian version. None of these claims is supported by identifiable first-hand sources.
A conceivable anecdote of the origin of both the name and type of ship is based on a report by R.S. Ross, then master of the British East India Company's steamer Phlegeton, who on the occasion a visit to Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, in 1846 witnessed a schooner built locally by "some of the natives [who] had learnt the art of shipbuilding at Singapore, and [were] assisted by Chinese carpenters", that is speculated to have become the archetype for the Terengganu perahu pinas or pinis. Malay traditions allege that this schooner was built on behalf of Baginda Omar, the Sultan of Terengganu (reigned 1839–1876), possibly either under direction or with considerable help by a German or French beachcomber who had "reached Terengganu, by way of Malacca and Singapore, in search of "opium cum dignitate", to become the archetype of the 'Malay schooner': The Terengganu pinas/pinis, today carrying Chinese batten-lug sails, until the turn to the 20th century was commonly rigged as a gaff-ketch.
However, at around the same time, Dutch sources began to note a new type of locally employed sailing vessel registered by harbourmasters in the western part of the Malay Archipelago as 'penisch', 'pinisch', or 'phinis'(!); by the end of the 19th century the use of such vessels apparently had spread to Bali, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The word itself was possibly taken from the Dutch, German or French pinasse or peniche, by then the name for a rather unspecified small to medium sized sailing craft — the English 'pinnace' already in the 18th century named one of the boats carried aboard a war-vessel or a larger trading ship.
The pinisi rig comprises seven to eight sails on two masts, i.e., three foresails (in Konjo, the language of the Bontobahari shipwrights, cocoroq) set over a long bowsprit (anjong), a main and main-topsail on the main mast (sombalaq bakka and tampaseqreq), mizzen and mizzen-topsail on the smaller mast aft (sombalaq ri boko and tampaseqreq ri boko), plus, mainly on older vessels, a mizzen staysail (parasang) between the masts. With sails set, a pinisi-rigged vessel looks like what in international sailing terminology is called a gaff- (or, less precise, schooner-) ketch: 'Schooner' because all its sails are 'fore-and-aft' sails, i.e., lined up along the centreline of the hull on two masts, with the two biggest sails being trapezoid and attached to 'gaffs' (the spars on the top of the sails); 'ketch', because the mizzen mast is not as tall as the main mast. When the sails are taken in, however, a major difference to most 'Western' ketches shows — the gaff is not lowered or raised with the sails, but is, with its claw stepped onto a piece of hardwood on the aft side of the mast, at around the crosstrees hung into a jackstay that runs from the mast cap to and through the gaff's peak, back to and through its forward end and then is fixed around the mast above the crosstrees. Main and mizzen sails, the canvas with the largest driving force, are run along the lower part of that jackstay, and set and taken in, somewhat like curtains, by a halliard, a downhaul and a number of brails.
There is no boom for the main sail, while a light spar holds the loose-footed mizzen. The gaffs are controlled by two pairs of vangs running both downward and to the fore. On the oldest documented vessels with a pinisi rig, the lower main mast is a tripod, with ratlines in form of small crossbeams between the two poles aft; on the newer ones a bipod is used, and ratlines are replaced by wooden ladders tied to the shrouds. Masts are generally stepped in tabernacles. The topmasts are attached with crosstrees and mastcaps in a rather 'Western' fashion; the bowsprit is flanked by planks that replace the sprit-shrouds and are interconnected by cross-beams onto which the forestays are fixed.
Intended for engine-less, wind-driven sailing, the original pinisi-rig had masts much taller than those employed on the last ships carrying such sails, the charter and diving vessels often marketed as 'phinisi': Stricken and with its feet in the tabernacles, the main masts' crosstrees should rest on a beam crossing the aft deck, the timbang layaraq (the 'sail's scale'), thus covering roughly two-thirds of the vessel's LOD; to be able to step the topmast by pushing it upwards from the deck, it should be a little less as tall as the distance from deck to crosstrees.
There are two general types of hull using the Pinisi rig.
The original pinisi-rigged ship (palari), is about 50 to 70 feet (15.24 to 21.34 m) in length overall, with light laden waterline of 34 to 43 feet (10.36 to 13.11 m).: 112–113 Smaller palari is only about 10 m in length. In 2011 a large pinisi-rigged PLM has been completed in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. It is 50 m long and 9 m wide, the tonnage is about 500 gross tons.
In the 19th century, Sulawesian sailor began to combine the traditional tanja rig with fore-and-aft rig from Western ships sailing through the archipelago. Pinisi evolved from the base hull of Padewakang with front-and-aft rig to its own hull model with a native "pinisi rig". During these evolutionary decades, Indonesian sailors and shipbuilders changed some features of the original western schooner. The first Sulawesian pinisi was thought to has been first built in 1906 by the shipuilders of Ara and Lemo-Lemo, they built the first penisiq [sic] for a Bira skipper.
At first, schooner rig was applied to padewakang hull, but eventually the sailor used the faster palari hull instead. Almost the whole hull is cargo room, only a small cabin placed at the stern serve as captain's room, meanwhile the crew sleep on the deck or cargo room. The usage of double quarter rudder is retained.
Since the 1930s, this sailing ship adopted a new type of sail, the nade sail, which came from cutters and sloops used by Western pearl seekers and small traders in Eastern Indonesia. In the 1970s more pinisi were equipped with engines, which favored the use of lambo type hull. Because the sails only used as complement to the engine, the sails were removed, but some vessels retained its masts. These type of ships are called Perahu Layar Motor (PLM) — Motorized Sailing Vessel.
In the subsequent years the cargo capacity of pinisi increased to an average of 300 tons. Nade sails used on medium-sized ships, and the larger ships used pinisi rig. But because the masts became shorter due to installed engine as propulsion, the sails are only used in favorable winds.
Several parts of the pinisi are referred to by their original Buginese names, such as:
Today, pinisi mainly used for trade, serves as inter-insular cargo, such as to transport timber from Kalimantan to Java, in exchange to transporting grocery and goods from industrialized Java to more remote ports in Indonesian archipelago. Pinisi often frequent traditional ports, such as Sunda Kelapa port in Jakarta, Surabaya, Banjarmasin, and the port of Makassar.
As with many traditional ship types, pinisi have been provided with motors, largely since 1970. This has changed the appearance of the ships. Comparable to modern dhows, the masts have been shortened, or omitted as deck cranes vanished completely, while structures on deck, usually aft, have been enlarged for the crew and passengers. In the early 1970s thousands of pinisi-palari ships measuring up to 200 tonnes of cargo, the world's largest commercial sailing fleet at the time, had contacted all corners of the Indian Ocean and became the trading backbone of the people.
The pinisi is often modified into yacht charter boats by foreigner investors for tourism purposes. A recent visible example is the pinisi boat used as a pitstop for The Amazing Race.
Several common misconceptions about pinisi are widely circulated in the media and especially on the internet:
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Long length relationships are not as uncommon or different as people may think. Most people can easily be familiar with concept of currently being in such a relationship as they quite often feel that it could never work well. However , at times the facts show otherwise. 74% of all recently engaged couples are currently in a long distance romantic relationship at some time. Even though these figures do not indicate that you will be unable to maintain a challenging distance romantic relationship, it is important to identify that there are techniques you can enhance the odds that you will be successful using a long length romance.
While it is not likely that the above amount would transformation, it is interesting to take a look at why these statistics are because they are. As earlier mentioned, one of the main reasons that numerous people are thinking about the concept of longer distance romances is because of the decreased interpersonal interaction that happens when two people live apart from each other. A common belief is that many people feel much less close and connected when they live apart from each other. This is not the case; however , a defieicency of social connection is one of the most important reasons why the regular American is less inclined to long length relationships than their even more geographically close minded friends and family members.
Truth to tell that those who also are involved in this kind of relationship are often searching for interconnection and company that they could not readily discover within their immediate community. For those that do not know the term “long distance relationships”, they are just those that are formed between people who live apart from the other person but remain close enough to regularly communicate. Probably the most common causes of long length relationships is normally an not able to meet new people. For many people, they choose to be extended range distance romantic relationships because they want the ability to meet new comers that they match on a regular basis, yet cannot definitely make it back to their hometowns. In addition to the aspire to meet new people, one more huge interest for those who select this type of marriage is the fact that they can still connect with those closest to these people.
One of the interesting aspects of longer distance human relationships is the fact that you have a chance to keep in touch with all those closest for you buying a wife online by way of letters and phone calls. While most people choose to be their all mail online or perhaps by cellphone, it is possible to hold in contact with your friends and relations by means of letters and messages or calls, and this is known as a significant element in the extended distance relationship statistics concerning communicating with others. It is common intended for relationships to achieve difficulties when ever there is not the for those in the relationship to keep in touch and to be in touch together on a daily basis.
One more interesting facet of longer distance romantic relationship statistics is the fact almost three-quarters of all partnerships in the United States will certainly end in divorce. While the reasons behind these cases of divorce are different for relationships, something that is prevalent for all is the desire to be satisfied with the marriage a person is normally stuck with. The moment two people in long distance connections simply cannot meet as frequently as they want to, they are vulnerable to wonder what the point is in even beginning the relationship any time nothing is going to happen. This is why there are so few long length relationships that end in divorce.
The chance of long range couples breaking up is more likely once one or equally partners do not have work stability or a stable financial circumstances. When a husband cannot make the payments just for his property or he loses his job, this is often a sign that his partner is not happy with the relationship. Although it is definitely difficult to forecast the eyes of a laptop display screen, many users know the moment their sweetheart has misplaced his work by the period of time it takes intended for him to get his things along and to return home.
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Review the temporal event checklist. Would a student grade report be an internal or external output? Would a class list for the instructor be an internal or external output? What are some other internal and external outputs for a course registration system? Using the guidelines for naming temporal events, what would you name the events that trigger these outputs? Let F be the event that a student is enrolled in a finance course, and let S be the event that a student is enrolled in a statistics course. It is known that 40% of all students are enrolled in a finance course and 35% of all students are enrolled in statistics. Included in these numbers are 15% who are enrolled in both statistics and finance. Find the probability that among all students, a student is in finance and is also in statistics.
- Assignment status: Already Solved By Our Experts
- (USA, AUS, UK & CA PhD. Writers)
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CanWest Charter Challenge on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs
What are the different parties saying?
In December 2005, CanWest MediaWorks began a Charter challenge against the federal government, claiming that the Food & Drugs Act prohibition of direct-to-consumer advertising infringes on the company's freedom of expression. The case has been filed with the Ontario Superior Court of Justice and is expected to eventually go to a higher court.
Early in 2007, Women and Health Protection, as part of a coalition of groups, was granted intervener status (party standing) in the Charter Challenge case of CanWest Mediaworks against the federal government on the issue of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA). (Coalition members are: Women and Health Protection, the Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions, the Canadian Health Coalition, the Canadian Union of Public Employees, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, the Society for Diabetic Rights, the Medical Reform Group, and Terence Young for Drug Safety Canada)
For more information see: Current ban on direct-to-consumer drug advertising must be upheld to protect patients and workers, says broad coalition of unions and citizen groups granted intervener status on Charter challenge
Cross-examinations on the case took place in the first half of 2008. The date for in-court hearings has been set at June 16, 2008, but has been postponed. In the meantime, interested parties in defence of Health Canada and of CanWest have submitted affidavits to the court. In close collaboration with members of our coalition, affidavits were submitted earlier this year by Dr. John Abramson of Harvard Medical School (on the impact of DTCA on women) and Jean Belleville, an actuarial consultant based in Montreal (on the impact of DTCA on health benefit costs) All these affidavits, and accompanying exhibits, can be found below.
Further background about the case can be found in a pamphlet prepared by Women and Health Protection.
CUPE has also prepared background information about DTCA and the legal case.
Witnesses for the government and a coalition of unions and non-profit organizations that have obtained standing in court have amassed a wealth of evidence on the serious potential for harm from DTCA. This information is found in the affidavits listed below.
John Abramson, representing the public interest coalition, raises concerns about specific harm to women from DTCA. Additionally, his testimony points to the strong links between negative effects of pharmaceutical promotion on medicine and DTCA. Jean Belleville points out the risks to union members and negotiated health benefit plans from skyrocketing drug costs fuelled by DTCA.
The Canadian government is arguing that the law is necessary for protection of public health. This is based primarily on the US research evidence on content and effects of DTCA (Joel Lexchin, Michael Wilkes). DTCA serves to drive costs up without adding health benefits, threatening sustainability of public health care financing (Steve Morgan), and the advertising experience to date has been highly problematic (Gurprit Kindra, Garry McCarron).
Prohibition of DTCA is a regulatory norm internationally, albeit one which is under threat in many jurisdictions (M.N.Graham Dukes). The Canadian government is already under siege, with advertisers repeatedly ignoring the federal government's attempt to stop illegal campaigns (Ann Sztuke-Fournier); opening up the country to DTCA would just compound the problem.
Additionally in these affidavits, you will find "reply" testimony that challenges CanWest's arguments that DTCA has health benefits or that it provides needed health information. Of particular note, is David Butler-Jones' testimony. David Butler-Jones is Canada's Chief Public Health Officer. He argues that we should not rely on drug companies for public health campaigns; governments can do a better job.
- CanWest's Charter Challenge
on Prescription Drug Advertising: A Citizens' Guide (697KB
pdf), August 2006.
- Affidavits of public interest coalition* intervening in support of the law:
- Affidavits for Health Canada
- Joel Lexchin
- Joel Lexchin - Reply affidavit
- Steven G. Morgan
- Steven G. Morgan - Reply affidavit
- Michael Wilkes
Wilkes - Reply affidavit
- Maurice Nelson Graham Dukes
- Exhibit 2 - Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medicines: A Review of Legislation and Policies in the Developed World (272KB pdf), by Prof. Dr. M.N. Graham Dukes, June 2006.
- Gurprit Kindra
- Ann Sztuke-Fournier
- Gary F. McCarron
- David Butler-Jones
- James Hanley
- Affidavits for CanWest
Copyright ©2006-2010 Women and Health Protection
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Through continued partnership with the Missouri Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR), this summer the Life & Work Connections program will offer free pre-employment transition services to public high school students age 16 and up. The program called “Work It: Teens in Transition” combines classroom learning with community outings, providing participants with an early start at job preparation and exploration.
Work It is a fun, interactive class to help teens get ready for the working world. Participants will:
- Investigate jobs and career paths.
- Discover options after high school.
- Experience career roles in the community.
- Expand skills for the future.
- Practice talking about their interests, rights and needs.
The eight-week session starts on June 12, 2017 and runs on Mondays and Thursdays from 12:30-2 p.m. through August 4. Students must be 16 or older by August 4, 2017 and enrolled in a public high school to participate. Lunch is not provided during the sessions.
For additional information or questions please contact:
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Today's question is… Odd. That is, I don't understand it. Therefore, because I am a glutton for weird stuff and punishment, let's just get right to it.
Our odd and creepy question comes from Party Pants McPhee, from
I am a man with few interests and, really, no kinks. So how would one go about developing a fetish anyway? Seriously.
— P.P. McPhee
Well, P.P., let me tell you, again, this is an odd question. I've tackled the topic of what I feel are contributing factors in developing a fetish. Good stuff, right? My former partner had a particularly vile post on the topic as well; but the vile hooligan yanked it… Oh well.
Now, before I get into this particular question let us examine what a fetish is.
What a Fetish is…
Fetish: A course of action to which one has an excessive and irrational commitment.
What I've observed, from my own experiences, which are not at all rooted in science or dumb shit like that, is that fetishes are generated during the formative years when one witnesses something they don't quite understand and somehow it is committed to memory, then they watch some movie with dancing ants, wearing top hats, rubbing their ass in someone's face. Kaboom! A fetish is born. Yeah. I observed that shit, bro!
Look, it doesn't take much to figure out what you like. Start with your “run of the mill” fetishes. Like what? I think we should cover a few of the basic and less basic options, so you can get a read of the fetish landscape.
Gateway Fetishes — These fetishes are considered “normal” because they are a little more common place and familiar, while also being simple to understand. These fetishes lead to a love for other weird and twisted shit. These are accessible because media and society helps us objectify women in all sorts of ways. In NYC, I saw a skyscraper sized image of Alex Morgan, sinewy, kicking something… Sure, she had clothing on, but it was “skimpy.” It obviously only begins from there. Women are objectified in ads ranging from hair coloring products, to mouth wash and beer.
- Foot Fetish (podophilia)
- Hair Fetish
- Shoe Fetish
Less Vanilla Fetishes — These get a bit more interesting and more specific.
- Submission and Domination — I live in this area at times. I like being told what to do and feel some pain with my pleasure. Also, I tire of being in control. Innately, we gravitate to being a “top” or “bottom” sexual personality. I've read that there have been studies conducted that hypothesize that ones preference for one or the other is determined before birth… I'll try to dig up the link for ya.
- Leather, Rubber, Latex — Some like this for the feel, some like it for how the object of their desire looks wearing outfits made from these materials. There's a definite pornographic association with the aforementioned materials. Don't believe. Go to your local Poonography shop and peruse pretty much anything and you'll see what I mean.
- Fruit Crushing — Okay. I don't really have an idea why this one exists… But I also have no fucking idea why no one tried to detonate N-Sync back in the day. Whatevs.
Fetishes That Make Others Go “Hmmm” — Now this is the part of the journey where you're running into the roads less travelled. These fetishes range from watching people do it, to doing nasty things to… robots. Which, hey, if that's your thing, go for it. I read about this shit at the Sex Museum in NYC recently. It exists!
- Voyeurism – Folks who like to watch others have sex. Typically the person watching the sexual fireworks going on are also watching their significant other getting boinked. Often, but not always.
- Robot…ism? Again, not sure I understand this one. And I'm a pretty understanding dude, kids. There's certainly no shortage of computer related puns but I think those sort of miss the mark here…
- Autoerotic Asphyxiation. Related, of course, to the submission and domination game. What this really comes down to is choking your chicken and… uh… eating it, too?? More than a few people end of killing themselves in this fashion. Choke your chicken safely, folks.
- Furries! Fuck you! Go look this shit up yourselves, goddammit!
Quite a list of fetishes to acquire, huh? This list is so not comprehensive… At all. Hey, but it's a start. Right? Right!
So take these fetishes, do your research and see which one makes your, ahem, pants tighter and then go to a site like FetLife and see if you can find any accomodating deviants to “get on” with.
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6 edition of Folk tales (Interaction: a student-centered language arts and reading program) found in the catalog.
Folk tales (Interaction: a student-centered language arts and reading program)
by Houghton Mifflin Co
Written in English
Uh oh. This classic fairy tale book gets quite an imaginative spin as the characters go on one fantastical adventure. Illustrations to delight and a mesmerizing visual narrative make this fractured fairy tale so much fun! Children’s Fairy Tale Books: Fractured fairy Tales - Cinderella. - Picture books and chapter books for tales as old as time. See more ideas about Fairy tales, Folk tales, Books pins.
Great deals on Fairy Tales & Fantasy Antiquarian & Collectible Books. Get cozy and expand your home library with a large online selection of books . Download Snowdonia Folk Tales in PDF and EPUB Formats for free. Snowdonia Folk Tales Book also available for Read Online, mobi, docx and mobile and kindle reading.
A folktale (also spelled folk tale) is a story or legend forming part of an oral tradition. Folktales are generally passed down from one generation to another and often take on the characteristics of the time and place in which they are told. Folktales speak to universal and timeless themes, and help folks make sense of their existence or cope. Folk Russian fairy tale s. Russian Сhildren`s Book. Language: Russian Pages: Weight: g Size: x сm ( x in). The book contains all the pages. The book Seller Rating: % positive.
Space-based defense systems
Noise control: the international scene
Investigation of Korean-American relations
U.S. floor coverings industry
Incentives or rewards
Lets just say it wasnt pretty
Some historical dances, twelfth to nineteenth century
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The Esperanto-English dictionary.
Bus and coach operators in Europe.
Folk Tales Books. More folk tales books Lists. Old Tuitive Tales Tacitly Told. books — 3 voters "Imagine Your Story" Summer Reading. 69 books — 1 voter Picture Books On North American Folktales.
books — 19 voters Re-imagined fairy tales. 77 books — 20 voters. 80 rows Fairy tales are stories that range from those originating in folklore to more modern stories. Discover the best Children's American Folk Tales & Myths in Best Sellers.
Find the top most popular items in Amazon Books Best Sellers. Fairy Tales, Myths & Fables - Kids: Books. 1 - 20 of results.
Grid View Grid. List View List. BESTSELLER. Add to Wishlist. QUICK ADD. The Lightning Thief (Percy by Rick Riordan. Paperback $ $ Current price is $, Original price is $ See All Folk tales book.
List of Folk Tales A collection of famous folk tales and international folk tales with morals for kids and adults. These are folk tales from around the world, previously found only in folk tales books. Check out the list of folk tales, feel free to share them, directly as links, or by saving them as pdf files.
Jewish Folk Tales in Britain and Ireland by Liz Berg is published by The History Press, priced £ Available end of August, with pre-orders available from Amazon and A Great Read. The Pied Piper. The Bremen Town Musicians.
Jack and the Beanstalk. The Seven Ravens. The Goose Girl. Brother and Sister A brother drinks from a stream and turns into a deer just when the King and his hunting party ride through the woods. The Witch's Curse (originally titled The Hunter's Curse) re-tells this story for modern children--quite suspenseful for nine year olds.
Fairy Tale Story #1: Cinderella. From rags to riches, and the goose that laid the golden eggs, to escaping a witch’s oven, these fairy tales for kids have captured the hearts of children and Author: Ariel Zeitlin.
The first collection of fairy tales in French was Charles Perrault's "Histoires ou Contes du temps passé avec des moralités". His work laid the foundation of the genre. The term fairy tale was later used by the French writer Madame d'Aulnoy. She named her book "Contes de fées" ("Fairy tales"), giving fairy tales their modern name.
A Second Book of Czechoslovak Fairy Tales and Folk Tales. Notes: Contains 20 Czechoslovak folktales. The author used Czech, Slovakian and Moravian sources. Author: Parker Fillmore Published: Publisher: Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York.
Despite the length of most of the folk-tales it is still a joy to read, it covers a wide range of cultures and countries so there is something for everyone.
What I find most interesting regarding the book is the different views that each folk-tale/ country holds in regards to daily struggles, happiness, dreams, and life in by: Folktales Project Introduction (1 Day) Ask students to discuss what they think folktales out that folktales are stories passed on from one person to the next by word of mouth or by oral a folktale from Nina Jaffe's book Tales for the Seventh Day: A Collection of Sabbath Stories, or other folktale you are familiar with.
Discuss defining elements of folktale (for. Folklore, Folktales, and Fairy Tales from England, a library of books digitized by and others. Ertha, the Germanic Earth Goddess.
The account, written by Tacitus in the y of a north German deity variously named Ertha, Hertha, Nerthus, or Mother Earth. The Langs' Fairy Books are a series of 25 collections of true and fictional stories for children published between and by Andrew Lang and his wife, Leonora Blanche best known books of the series are the 12 collections of fairy tales also known as Andrew Lang's "Coloured" Fairy Books or Andrew Lang's Fairy Books of Many all, the volumes feature stories Author: Andrew Lang, Nora Lang.
5 Min Stories () 10 Min Stories () 15 Min Stories (44) 20 Mins+ (87) Adventures () African Stories (61) Age (73) Age () Age () All Fairy Tales () All Poems for Kids () Animals () Bedtime (41) Brothers Grimm Fairy Tales (38) Chapters () Classic Children's Poems (64) Comic Books (25) Dogs (25) Early Readers.
Find folk tales and legends from all over the world in this book list for grades PreK Teachers. Teachers Home Lessons and Ideas Books and Authors Top Teaching Blog Teacher's Tool Kit Guide students through a fairy-tale genre study.
By immersing themselves in the genre, students will determine why people tell such magical tales. Grade s. Many kids are fascinated by fairy tales, folktales, tall tales, myths, ghost stories, and pourquoi stories from around the world.
We've gathered up a great collection of books, activities, apps, and websites for learning all about folktales, fairy tales and myths. You may also want to explore the writing, oral storytelling, poetry, mapmaking, and other creative activities featured in our new. THE BOOK OF FABLES AND FOLK STORIES tales.
Now and then some romancer would take one of them and set it forth in finer, more fantastic garb, but for the most part the form was a homely one, which did not vary greatly from one age to another. In preparing this book for use in schools, I have drawn upon two volumes I had already pub-File Size: KB.
The Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library Found in Fairy Tales The folkloric traditions of cultures throughout the world come brilliantly to life in these fairy tale and folk tale compilations by world-class scholars and anthropologists.
Check out our folk tales book selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our children's books shops. CELTIC FOLK & FAIRY TALES - FULL AudioBook | For FREE SPECIAL AUDIOBOOK OFFERS & MORE: SUBSCRIBE.Chinese Folk Tales China is the most heavily populated country in the world with over billion people, living there.
China is an ancient country, its civilization is nearly years old.is the world's biggest collection of fairy tales and folklore.
Browse our full list of tales and stories.
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Issuing VAT invoices
Where a VAT-registered person makes supplies of goods or services to another VAT-registered person, subject to the standard or reduced rate, they must issue a full VAT invoice as this is the customer evidence to validate input tax claims.
Having said that, it is now possible for input tax claims to be allowed without documentary evidence, providing sufficient evidence of entitlement can be given to HMRC. Such claims are at HMRC's discretion. There is no need to give a VAT invoice to a non-registered person unless one is requested.
Full VAT invoices you issue must show:
- a sequential number based on one or more series which uniquely identifies the document
- the time of the supply
- the date of issue of the document (where different to the time of supply)
- the name, address and VAT registration number of the supplier
- the name and address of the person to whom the goods or services are supplied
- a description sufficient to identify the goods or services supplied
- for each description, the quantity of the goods or the extent of the services, and the rate of VAT and the amount payable, excluding VAT, expressed in any currency
- the gross total amount payable, excluding VAT, expressed in any currency
- the rate of any cash discount offered
- the total amount of VAT chargeable, expressed in sterling
- the unit price.
Special rules apply to invoices issued under a margin scheme or subject to a reverse charge. You need to follow the rules in the relevant notices for such supplies.
'Less detailed' and 'modified' VAT invoices
Apart from full VAT invoices, there are also 'less detailed' and 'modified' VAT invoices, which are only applicable to retail sales.
Less detailed invoices can be issued for VAT-inclusive supplies of £250 or less and need only show: name, address and VAT registration number of the supplier; the date and tax point; a description of the goods or services, and the VAT-inclusive total for each rate of VAT involved.
The VAT amount is then calculated by applying the VAT fraction (1/6 when the standard rate is 20%).
Note that exempt supplies cannot be shown on a less detailed VAT invoice.
The supplier can adapt credit card vouchers to constitute less detailed invoices by adding his registration number, a description of the goods or services, and the appropriate VAT rate, but if he gives a receipt as well, only one of them can be the VAT invoice.
Modified VAT invoices can be issued by retailers with the customer's agreement and even for sales over £250. They should show the VAT-inclusive value of each positive rated supply, then at the bottom: the total VAT-inclusive value of the positive rated supplies; the VAT due on them in Sterling; the VAT-exclusive value of the supplies, and the value of any zero-rated or exempt supplies.
If in any doubt, full VAT invoices should be issued.
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(CNN) — They’ve already rowed throughout the Atlantic, flown over Australia with paramotors and traveled to a few of the world’s most distant locations.
Often called the Blue Pole Challenge powered by Quintet Earth, the voyage, prone to take round six weeks, will see the pair set sail from the UK, through the Canary Islands and the Azores archipelago, to the purpose within the Atlantic Ocean furthest away from land in any route.
The Turner Twins, who’re scheduled to depart in the direction of the top of June, will journey on a 12-meter yacht fitted with a prototype hydrogen gasoline cell in a bid to place the highlight on hydrogen gasoline expertise, in addition to ocean advocacy.
Ross and Hugo Turner (proper) shall be setting sail to the Atlantic Pole of Inaccessibility on the finish of June.
They”ll additionally depend on hydrogen, which is created utilizing renewable power somewhat than fossil fuels, to energy all of their tools.
The pair, who’ve already traveled to 4 of the Poles of Inaccessibility, are amassing knowledge for Plymouth College’s Worldwide Marine Litter Analysis Unit that shall be used to assist develop a clear up technique for marine plastic air pollution
“The core of what we’re attempting to do is uncover one thing new,” Ross Turner tells CNN Journey. “To be curious and use new expertise and science to make our journeys extra sustainable.
“And if we are able to show that they [the new technologies] are extra sustainable in these excessive environments, then it ought to give a great instance for everybody again in cities and regular life that the brand new sustainable applied sciences are very a lot person pleasant day by day.”
The Turner Twins, who have not been on a significant expedition since 2019, say they’re vastly enthusiastic about their upcoming journey.
Their adventures collectively started at a younger age. The pair say they spent a lot of their time “getting misplaced of their backyard” throughout their youthful years, earlier than they have been sufficiently old to discover Dartmoor Nationwide Park, an unlimited moorland in Devon, southwest England near the house they grew up in.
Nevertheless, it was a freak accident that led to Hugo Turner breaking his neck and subsequently having neck reconstruction on the age of 17 that set them on the trail to changing into skilled adventurers.
“I believe for us, life bought put into perspective,” says Ross Turner. “And we simply thought, we have got to go and dwell life whereas we have got our well being.
“So we rode throughout the Atlantic once we have been 23. And since then, we have simply gone on to extra expeditions.”
These expeditions embrace climbing 18,510 toes to the snow summit of Mount Elbrus in Russia and trying to cross the Greenland ice cap.
Whereas every of those journeys has taught them one thing, they single out their journey to the South American Pole of Inaccessibility, which they traveled to in 2017, as being one of the crucial difficult.
“What an idiotic journey that was,” says Hugo Turner. “They are saying ignorance is bliss. Going from the west coast of South America and Arica, the northern tip of Chile, up and over the Andes was a really silly thought.
“We went from sea degree to 4,700 meters in about three days, with round 50 or 60 kilograms on every bike, by deserts and simply straight uphill.”
As soon as they’ve accomplished this newest journey, the Turner Twins would be the first folks to have reached 5 of the POIs — Australian, North American, South America, Iberia and the Atlantic, though they stress that this is not the motivation for them in any respect.
The Turner Twins on their expedition to Greenland in 2014.
“It is by no means been that vital to us to be the primary to succeed in these polls of accessibility,” says Hugo Turner, explaining that their central goal is for many who comply with their journey to be taught one thing by it.
“Whether or not that is environmental sustainability, medical analysis, geographical — as a result of none of those polls have been documented — that is actually what the entire base of those expeditions is, to find one thing.”
They’ve needed to give you numerous options to make sure that their upcoming voyage stays completely emission free, however say the method has been “comparatively straightforward” in some ways.
“When it comes to propulsion, so long as you have bought an electrical battery, as soon as the battery is drained, we sail and the propeller recharges the engine,” says Ross Turner.
“We’re utilizing the identical techniques we have used throughout all our different expeditions, with little tweaks to make it extra sustainable or emission free.
“We’re simply making use of every little thing we have realized in a barely totally different means.”
As they put together for yet one more vital jaunt collectively, every of the Turner Twins really feel extraordinarily grateful to have a relentless companion who shares the identical desires.
“We’re amazingly fortunate,” says Hugo Turner. “As a result of we each have precisely the identical objectives and aspirations, and we’re fully aligned on the place we need to go. All the pieces else simply follows that.
“There are definitely heated arguments, debates and conversations about get to the endpoint.
The Turner Twins shall be setting sail on a 12-meter yacht fitted with a prototype hydrogen gasoline cell.
“However you recognize, that all the time steers the ship. So we’re each on board with that. It is the spine of what makes this a profitable partnership.”
The lead as much as the Blue Pole Challenge has been significantly “intense” — they have been spending round 16 hours a day on the yacht for weeks as a way to get it prepared — and each admit they’re itching to get began.
“I am trying ahead to crusing below the celebrities with this boat,” says Ross Turner. “And I am positive we’ll have plenty of stunning moments.”
As soon as they’ve accomplished the expedition to the Atlantic POI, the pair will set off on a tour of the UK, stopping at round 13 port cities.
So what’s subsequent for the Turner Twins? Greenland, Madagascar, Eurasia and Level Nemo — the opposite Poles of Inaccessibility, after all.
In accordance with Ross Turner, an expedition to Madagascar is “on the horizon” subsequent yr, then a visit to Greenland the yr after.
The Eurasian POI can be subsequent on the checklist, however a possible go to right here is at present doubtful.
“Whether or not we are able to get there, I do not know,” he provides, earlier than explaining that they are planning to journey to Level Nemo, the Pacific Ocean’s POI, final.
Sustainability stays on the forefront of their minds whereas they proceed their epic adventures all over the world, and the pair hope they may help to normalize using the hydrogen.
“It will likely be nice to have the ability to do a completely hydrogen-powered mission sooner or later,” says Hugo Turner. “That may be a extremely good step in the precise route.”
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Mathematical models have become an indispensable tool in ecology and evolutionary biology, to the point that aspiring scientists in these fields must have a working knowledge of basic mathematical modeling techniques. This course teaches such techniques practically from scratch, without requiring much background knowledge except elementary high school algebra and a little calculus. If successful, it will allow the students to understand papers that contain models, to develop new models to explore their own ideas, and to generate and use models for analysis and interpretation of data. Students are required to study one book chapter per week and to do several exercises for hands-on experience. Some exercises are of the pencil-and-paper variety, but others require the help of computer-aided mathematical tools such as Maple, Mathematica and/or R, which the student will learn how to use during the course. One afternoon per week, participants meet with a teacher for demonstration and discussion.
Former occurrences of this course
19 March – 30 June 2018 | 14 March – 25 June 2016 | 18 March – 29 June 2013 | 17 March – June 2011
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This article seeks to view Augustine's early work as a form of revelatory rhetoric where the aim is to define and express the nature of the divine. This aim contrasts with Augustine's post-ordination work where the aim is more deliberative in nature through a language that instructs and moves his audience. While the contexts and rhetorical purposes of these eras are distinct, there is a continuity in terms of Augustine's theology. I argue that it is Augustine's rhetorical context that distinguishes his early and later work through an analysis of De libero arbitrio.
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Research Article| May 01 2018
Rhetorical Distinctions in Augustine's Early and Later Writing
Rhetorica (2018) 36 (2): 105–131.
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Nathan Wagner; Rhetorical Distinctions in Augustine's Early and Later Writing. Rhetorica 1 May 2018; 36 (2): 105–131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2018.36.2.105
Download citation file:
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College towns are among the most attractive regions to invest in property. Unlike investing anywhere else, buying property around a college town comes with unique opportunities. Though you get numerous benefits from it, the investment also has special challenges. That is why it’s crucial to weigh the merits against demerits to help you determine if it is an investment that is worth making. In case you plan to apply for a line of credit for this investment, check out the advice we’ve got for you here. The process of investing in property can be costly, you may even find yourself in need of extra cash. Visiting PMLoans can be your solution to that issue, their quick loans are flexible and their acceptance rates are high.
High returns are likely
The rate of appreciation attracts a lot of investors to property in college towns. As an investor, you probably want to make high returns during the ownership period. Properties located in college towns can make your money grow due to significant appreciation. This is because the schools around such property support the local economies.
Apart from enjoying steady appreciation, you get a large tenant pool. These towns have a large population of students and workers. Every semester, new students join colleges and they look for rental areas near the school since getting hostel accommodation is a hassle. Investing in a college town, therefore, means you get a lot of prospective tenants effortlessly.
You can also achieve stable rent. Since rentals in college towns are on high demand, rental prices are high making it easy for you to gain from your investment. You can collect a good amount of rent from each rental apartment since the students’ parents have to ensure that they are children are living off-campus comfortably.
The rate of vacancies is also low in college towns compared to other areas. This is because college students attend semesters in turns meaning even when one lot is on long-holiday, new students are still available to occupy your rental property. Employees also look for areas around the college where they can live while working in the school. College towns sell themselves meaning marketing is not a priority for an investor. The amenities within this town often attract a lot of people.
Need a quick financial resolution as you consider investing in college town properties? Quick loans from PMLoans can easily solve that issue, visit their website for more.
Risk of turnover
Though investing in a property within a college town can give you all that, tenant turnover is a challenge. You may have a large rental market, but the tenants you often get are not long term. Students tend to change housing between the time when they are in session and when they are not. It means that as an investor, you may experience vacancy challenges when this happens. Not many tenants in college towns sign long leases since their stay is not permanent.
Finding people to occupy your investment property during the off-season can also be challenging. Most students don’t attend college during the summer meaning some houses may remain vacant for some months. To avoid this, let a tenant sign at least a one year lease in place of a month-to-month lease so that they can continue paying rent even when they are not in session.
Once you have weighed these merits against cons and decided to invest in property within a college town, it is time to get a second opinion and financing. Consult Thomas Kish business credit solutions to learn more about this form of investment and obtain a line of credit. Quick loans can be a useful credit tool when you need to restore your finances, PMLoans is one of our trusted direct lenders. After application, you’ll receive a response on the next working day if not the same day!
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Open up Relationships Are Healthy
Romantic romances are the best points in life. That they bring people together coming from different backgrounds and allow them to provide vent for their feelings. In a romantic relationship, the common factor that binds people is normally love. It can not uncommon to find out two lovers walking hand in hand across the road when the ambiance strikes these people. In a relationship, romance can be defined simply by depth of affection, not really by nearness.
There are many different types of romantic relationships. Some are long-term connections where the buffs are really much in love that they can’t keep to part ways. Other types of romantic associations are friendship associations where much more both of those involved super fine friends. Afterward there are non-romantic relationships just like those that happen between co-workers, clients, or perhaps classmates. Nevertheless the most common form of romantic relationship occurs between married couples. There are many different reasons why couples get into romantic romances.
One of the most important things to remember about romantic relationships is that they are usually rooted in physical intimacy. People desire what they could not have and in some cases, physical intimacy is the basis for a partnership. People who are in committed interactions do anything they will to ensure that the physical intimacy they have can be deep and sincere. This is due to they look an mental bond that makes them special and it’s hard to replace that once the physical intimacy ends.
Another reason that partners access these long-term relationships is basically because they are acquainted with each other. When people stay in a romantic relationship for the long-term, they may become comfortable with the other person. They also turn into comfortable with the other individual’s personality and quirks. When people stay in a long-term romantic relationship they also become loyal to each other. All these elements add up to having a healthful relationship.
Healthier romantic interactions are built upon mutual trust and openness. This means that lovers tend to japanese wifes be open with one another and they do keep secrets from one one other. They also communicate frequently and quite often spend time apart. When lovers are open with one another, fortunately they are able to allow one another the way they are.
Open relationships also help couples handle guilt. Guilt is something that can really wreak havoc on one’s head and feelings. However , when a couple is open with one another, they will be allowed to forgive and forget. Open romantic relationships are very healthier relationships.
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JUNE 16, 2015, CAMP HUMPHREYS, South Korea – Social media in the military can be a daily struggle from operational security to keeping your personal information safe. There are many ways for you to fail when it comes to social media, but we have Soldiers in the Army who know what you need to combat hackers and keep your personal information safe.
Maj. Dave Richards, the signal communications officer for the 2nd Combat Aviation Brigade, knows exactly how you can protect your accounts and keep you from giving away tactical information.
“If you are going to have a social media account, why not have a MilBook,” Richards said.
MilBook is a site you can access through AKO to connect with other military professionals online. Richards said it is a much safer platform because it is secure and has a firewall for protection. If you must have another social media account be sure to keep your username and password safe.
“The problem with randomly generated passwords is that people easily forget them,” Richards said. “You should always be able to remember your password.”
He added that your username and password should be like your weapon system. You would never give it away.
On top of that, applications for social media can also be used by hackers to gain access to other accounts like your bank. Richards said to make sure you know what your apps can do and take care in which ones you use. Another way a hacker can access your accounts is by uploading malware into you’re your computer through emails, so be sure to use caution when opening them.
Another reason social media can be dangerous is operational security. You never know who is looking at your profile, so be sure to avoid giving out tactical information like movement times and locations, he said.
“Just like safety is everyone’s responsibility, OPSEC is everyone’s responsibility,” Richards said.
Instead of talking about what your unit is doing talk about the strong alliance between the U.S. and Republic of Korea. Stay vigilant, stay safe and keep your unit’s and your information secure.
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Indian Society of Artificial Intelligence and Law.
In the latest, Twitter decided to change its reply settings for its users to safeguard them from the reply guys- the annoying, anonymous and unidentifiable hoax twitter users. As claimed, Facebook and Twitter are recent revolutions in web-based social media and the usage of the same has changed the shape of the democracy and politics of India time and again. The autonomy given to the users on the platform to choose their audience has both pros and cons which can affect the way we observe the social media platforms and civil liberties.
Twitter’s reply fiasco
The change is controversial because of the infamous ‘reply guys’ who are usually known as the people who stalk certain accounts of women and other users, comment on their tweets and posts and, thereafter pester them from the unrequired interactions that they solicit with women or sometimes men. Twitter through its official account announced the addition of the new feature and also made the users aware of the settings, by inviting discussion upon this change. It involves setting an option for each tweet that the person creates. All hailed praises but certain experts and critiques are sceptical of changes that might interfere with the way one uses social media platforms. Many other social media platforms like Facebook do have these similar features present on their sites but given the structure of Twitter, it will be difficult for genuine users to express themselves.
The Autonomy in choosing an audience: a myth
Twitter has in many of its privacy matters in the United States has stated that it does not have the ownership of the contents and therefore, indirectly it is not in control of the people’s opinion and what they publish on the platform. In light of the ongoing scrutiny against the data owners, it became imperative that Twitter has to standardise the user audience by bringing such restrictions. The studies have shown the increase in the trends of the privacy issues being alarmed by the unidentified users of the platforms. As seen in many social media platforms nowadays, privacy setting can be enforced to allow communication /interaction/sharing among friends only. However, there is a defect in this approach, the threats from a mutual friend based attack are ignored. These attacks are known as Attribute disclosure which can be carried on by befriended individuals on the sites.
Further, the tussle with the bad vs. good users does not end here, critiques believe that even if the reply features are changed it wouldn’t change the fate of the users. They can still be mobbed by the users by the feature of “retweet with a comment” which includes a single tab where the public user can view the commented tweets in multiple. Therefore, this renders the step ineffective when privacy and autonomy are considered of the user and the ‘right to choose’ is diminished.
Undermining the Civil Liberties of the Users
The Main allegation on the same is that by modifying such it is more restrictive in sense of a “social media” platform. It undermines the users who are genuinely taking part in community networking. Twitter’s approach is based on the nip the evil in the bud, however, the looming paradox of protecting the people from the condescending comments vis a vis restricting them to freely express themselves is still an impact that Twitter still hasn’t thought through.
The feature is dismantling the autonomy of the citizens as the first¸ the users can share a limited number of data as the size of sharing a tweet is generally limited to few characters; second, after the introduction of the feature the company is differing from an open platform of discussion and third, the quote tweets have backfired and now the users do not have the option to create the control over their feed and their tweets will be published by more and more reply guys, adding fuel to the fire.
The effect of it is as follows:
Attacking the public policy feature: The twitter has come up be a reply feature which does worse for genuine users than for reply guys. This is not a restriction that the sites like Twitter can allow as their structure is such as that it has now become a stage for the open discussion of the politics and fair criticism of the government. This tilts the balance in favour of the government shielding than to the public voice encouragement. One bad cannot undo the whole good that the platform provides.
Right to Choose one’s audience: As already deduced that the reply feature is not only a loophole to cause more and more reply guys to develop but it is in one way or other taking the autonomy of the users to choose their audience and it restores them to the same pillar of public scrutiny. The Right to Choose the audience is not something Twitter had in place earlier by after the same step the users are rendered vulnerable as they might intend the conversations for some sect of people but owing to the reply guys they will be vigorously attacked by them. Thus, the users will have no other option but to block each user or delete comments one by one creating a fuss for them,
Government Accountability: The main reasons why twitter is a flourishing platform is because it changed the road map of the modern-day democracy and created a sense of accountability for their actions while listening or rather being forced to listen to the demand of the people. However, with this feature, the accountability becomes optional as the government agencies can very well put in the cloak of only restricted access and divert the much-needed criticism. The people can only be able to comment on the same when the tweet itself will trend on Twitter charts which is a less likely possibility given the narrow reply features.
In conclusion, the feature is a boon for the general users of the social media but it still renders the fate of the famous and the vulnerable users as being used in dubious ways. The following are my recommendations:
An approach for security within social networks against attribute disclosure attacks is suggested in. For privacy patterns, a measure for an attribute disclosure attack is provided when one succeeds in getting particular nodes identity. A detailed list of reported cyber-crimes using social networks data can be chipped in as the reply guys, later on, develop their tendencies and move towards the more serious nature of attacks.
Use of biometric devices is a far fetched suggested solution. However, the issues of Biometric device utility and availability must be taken care and it is still a debatable structure in the long term. India’s privacy regime and data structures have been targeted and categorised unsafe by many experts. Further, these biometric and other wearable sensors may not be available everywhere.
Interaction and contact vs surveillance are the two bright faces of Social Media Platform.User awareness and narcissism techniques introduced for detection of Insiders Threats, Outliers, Text, Context, video, and other uploads analysis provide very useful inferences and deductions. Recommendations of the studies on the privacy concern of the users are to be adopted by using a naive or simple technique by the means of the small questionnaires on the platforms.
References Twitter Inc., Calfornia v Meghan Murphy CGC-19-573712. C. Edwards, “Ending identity theft and cyber crime,” Biometric Technology Today, vol. 2014, no. 2, pp. 9–11, 2014. J. L. Bevan, P.-C. Ang, and J. B. Fearns, “Being unfriended on facebook: An application of expectancy violation theory,” Computers in Human Behaviour, vol. 33, pp. 171–178, 2014. X. Liang, K. Zhang, X. Shen, and X. Lin, “Security and privacy in mobile social networks: challenges and solutions,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2014. Navtej Singh Johar v Union of India AIR 2018 SC 4321; see also K.S.Puttaswamy v Union of India 2017 10 S.C.C. 1. C. Edwards, “Ending identity theft and cyber crime,” Biometric Technology Today, vol. 2014, no. 2, pp. 9–11, 2014. S. Gurses and C. Diaz, “Two tales of privacy in online social networks,” IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 29–37, 2013.
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Buying a car used to be a rite of passage for many Americans, but in today's economic landscape, it is not quite as common. According to Edmunds.com, Millennials, or drivers between the ages of 18 and 34, are not buying as many new cars as in the past. With employment rates for this age group lagging behind the national average, as well as a slowing housing market, many of these individuals lack the funds and the need for their own vehicle.
"Millennials haven't seen the same benefits in the labor, housing and stock markets that Baby Boomers and others have enjoyed over the last year," said Dr. Lacey Plache, chief economist of Edmunds.com. "As a result younger Americans across all income levels have had trouble pulling together the financial motivation to buy a new car."
Of course, with so many people sharing cars and attempting to extend the life of older models, the need for proper vehicle maintenance becomes all the more important. Extended use of vehicles can wear down brakes, impact tire pressure and lead to damage to any number of systems under a car's hood. Investing in the proper car repair can remedy these issues and extend the life of a car, saving Millennials money.
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There is a huge range of street dance styles and finding your strengths can always develop your overall performance. Street dance is the perfect choice to be creative with your dancing, with different styles constantly being created!
Breakdancing is possibly the most famous street dance style, originating in the 1970’s of New York City. Whether you are head spinning on the floor or performing flips, this is all part of the breakdance style. Breakdancing had a big influence after featuring in the film Flashdance in 1983. Since then, breakdancing has only grown bigger and better.
This street dance style isn’t exactly how its described as it may not teach you how to actually float. Floating aims to create a smooth and contained movement. Typically using the feet, this creates the illusion of someone floating across the ground. Whilst this dance style creates a particular dance move, it can be used throughout street dance. The three basic moves of floating are:
- The Float
Each move creates the impression you are floating across the ground. Whilst this is a tricky skill to master, it can create one of the best dance moves.
Krumping is one of the newest street dance styles, showing that new dance styles are always being created. It contains a lot of jabs, arm swings, chest pops and stomps and is a freestyle dance move that works flawlessly with breakdancing, hip-hop and b-boying. Los Angeles is one of many places where krumping is becoming a popular style. Krumping was originally created in the early 2000’s but has since evolved into an expressive and energetic dance style.
Based on a method of storytelling, turfing is very improvisational and is a free-form dance style, with dance moves coming from a range of different traditions. Containing moves such as tutting, flexing and waving, turfing can create dance moves like no other, being extremely free-flowing, based on your own creativity!
Locking & Popping
Locking and popping are two different street dance styles, however, used together they create the perfect combination. Popping is more of an explosion of your body parts, which is why this combination is so good, combining a mix of an explosion and quick contraction. Locking is used to contract and tighten your body parts into a certain position. You can always identify locking by distinctive stops as body parts move into different positions. This is where a fast movement is stopped, unlike popping. These two street dance styles create a fantastic motion in dance performances.
The robot is similar dance style to locking and popping, however, focuses on using only robotic dance moves. There have been many examples of how not to do the robot! However, it can be a good dance move to use when in contrast to a smooth flow of music, whether you are using stiff arms or head movements.
Jerkin’ is another more recent hip-hop trend that has made its way into the street dance styles. Involving twitchy dance moves, jerkin’ is an unconventional dance move that involves in and out leg stretching.
Lil Beatz always want to incorporate a range of street dance styles into all dance performances. Our dance classes offer the perfect opportunity for children aged 2-6. No matter what current ability you have, we can develop your street dance skills and teach a range of styles. Join our classes today and get in touch with Lil Beatz.
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The Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Environmental History Network (AANZEHN) recently conducted its annual business meeting on the sidelines of the Australian Historical Association annual conference in Geelong.
The meeting was led by the Network convenor, Associate Professor Emily O’Gorman, who provided an overview of the Network’s activities in the past year.
Notable highlights included:
- New postgraduate representatives, with Taylor Coyne (UNSW) and Amanda Wells (Uni. Newcastle) sharing the role
- The refresh of the website and Network logo
- The creation of the new biennial prizes to be awarded by the Network (including the awarding of the Network’s inaugural Public Environmental History Prize)
- Successful “Green Streams” at the annual conferences of the Australian Historical Association (UNSW in November 2021, and Deaking in July 2022) – with thanks to Margaret Cook and Julie McIntyre
- Several events at the ASEH Environmental History Week, including: Roundtable on New Environmental Histories of Water Ecologies; book launch of Heather Goodall’s Georges River Blues; and a social research catch-up.
- A joint seminar with the Sydney Environment Institute, “Emotion and Anxiety in Environmental History“
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The library was first established as a children's library in 1915 by the Monday Morning Musical Club and was named the Elodie Farnum Memorial Library, in memory of a gifted child violinist who died young. The early library occupied space in the Rochambeau School. In 1930, the books in this collection were transferred to PPL, which built the Rochambeau Branch Library at the corner of Hope Street and Langham Road. The building was designed by Clark & Howe in the same Georgian Colonial architectural style and according to the same general layout as the other branches built by PPL at this time.
In the early years of the 21st century Rochambeau Library underwent a major renovation, at a cost of $5.1 million, with the Rochambeau Friends of the Library contributing nearly $800,000 (about 15% of the total costs) toward the project. PPL applied for funds from the state through the Public Library Construction Reimbursement Program to help defray the costs of this project, and the library was allocated just over $2 million, or approximately 40% of the total cost, to be paid to PPL in yearly installments over a twenty-year period ending in 2024.
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MY DOVE by Brenda Looney
The sun came up peeking through the crack in the window shade signaling me to arise and begin the day in the garden.
Spring is a busy time for all God's creatures. I gathered up my seedlings I had so lovingly tended indoors and took them out into the bright spring morning. Struggling with the armload, I carefully set them down on my potting bench. Looking up on the upper shelf I spotted a dove sitting on a nest. We eyed each other cautiously .....her, I'm sure, wondering if I were friend or foe....and me, startled, but not wanting to disturb her. "Silly bird," I said to myself. "What a place to build a nest."
Determined not to give up my much needed space, I spoke to the dove. "Hey, you can stay here, but I need to work at this bench, so you're just going to have to live with it or move on."
She seemed equally determined to protect her space, settling in and not even blinking an eye.
Weeks went by and I continued my arduous tasks of setting out plants and tending to the garden. The dove and I had learned to coexist throughout the coming and goings past the potting bench. I had come to look for her and had even named her Mama.
Through all the Spring rains and blustering winds, she just sat there undaunted. Sometimes, with her head tucked down into the back of the house upon which the potting bench rested against. I was beginning to wonder if she was ever going to have her babies.
We formed an unnatural alliance, Mama and me, that humans and wild birds don't usually have. I held daily "discussions" with her talking of many things. Words spoken to her that I could never say to another human. Thoughts, and yes fears I'd been having about the dawning of the new millennium. I was sure, I thought, that she couldn't understand my words, but she would turn her head and peer at me with those beady little eyes with interest.
One evening just as light was drifting into darkness, I passed by the nest and Mama wasn't there. In the nest were two tiny doves. They were patiently waiting for Mama's return. Why, they already had their feathers. How could I have not known they had been hatched. Remarkably quiet, unlike the baby sparrows who peeped non-stop throughout the day. I smiled and felt excitedly proud for the newest arrivals to my garden. "Welcome little ones to my piece of heaven on earth." I kept the bird feeders filled and fresh water in the birdbaths every day wanting to do my part to nurture these little ones.
One morning, as I passed by the potting bench on my way to the garden, I noticed with growing concern, evidence of some disturbance. Little pots and seedlings were strewn about. Looking up into the nest I observed that mama and her babies were gone. Tiny feathers were flitting here and there in the breeze.
I cried out, "Oh no, oh no," and tears ran down my face and my heart began to pound. Frantically, I ran around the garden calling, "Mama,Mama," my panic increasing. Then I saw them, Mama looking somewhat injured, and her tiniest, little baby sitting on a rock. As I carefully approached, mama flew somewhat clumsily into a nearby tree. Quickly I grabbed up some garden trimmings and tried to put together a new nest up on the shelf of the potting bench. I then went back and scooped the tiny dove into my cupped hands, and carefully set the baby back into the nest. I backed away hoping Mama would return to her baby. No sooner had I left, mama flew to the nest. I gave them time to be alone, and to calm down after their terrifying experience. I felt sad for Mama's loss of one baby, but happy for the baby that had survived.
I pondered how to secure my feathered guests from the killer cat who would surely be back. I decided to surround the nest with boards driven throughout with hundreds of nails. I set about the task of implementing my plan. Once in place, I stood back and hoped it would work.
After the night had come, and before turning in, I decided to have one last look in on Mama. Stepping outside, and peering up at the nest, I was alarmed to see it was empty. I glanced all around the garden, spotting a big, gray cat. I screamed at him and he quickly climbed over the fence and ran off into the darkness. There was no sign of Mama or her baby.
Sadly, I returned to the house, and wistfully glanced up into the now empty nest. I felt I had let Mama down somehow. I was surprised at how strong my emotion was. Wiping away a tear, I turned out the light and went to sleep.
Morning came and I went through my daily routine of grabbing a cup of coffee, and heading outside to see what was new in the garden and enjoy the sunshine and song of the birds as they flitted in and out of the bird feeder having their breakfast.
While sitting on the garden bench, I reviewed in my mind the events of the previous night. I felt so sad and realized how much I really missed Mama. Unwittingly, I'd grown attached to our daily talks in the garden. Yes, we had become friends of sorts. I felt tears rolling down my cheeks, thinking of how terrified she must have been, watching the cat take away her precious little ones. Even though she had put up a valiant fight, as evidenced by the bloody cuts on her cheek, it was not to be. The enemy had conquered.
Suddenly, out of the sky, a dove flew down and perched itself on the top of the trellis next to me. I looked up and knew instantly that it was Mama. I was so happy she had survived the clutches of the cat. We eyed each other for the longest moment. I wondered if she was coming to me for help, as I had rescued her before. I spoke softly to her and told her how sorry I was for her loss. I poured my heart out to her and she sat and listened intently. It was a rare moment of unbelievable communication and connection. The fact we were completely different species seemed not to matter. We both felt grief of immense proportions.
Mama flew up to a nearby wire and perched herself there calling in the most mournful way that doves can do. The babies were gone, and with them, Mama's purpose. She was supposed to nurture them, and feed them, keep them warm and close to her, and teach them to fly. Now they were gone and her mournful wail, as she was perched all alone, seemed all the more tragic.
The garden looked more beautiful than ever that day. The flowers were popping out all over in a rainbow of colors.
The sun rose serenely on the lovely morn,
Dew glistened as diamonds on the foliage of green.
In the early sunlight, the dove's song painfully forlorn,
singing out of grief despite the wondrous scene.
Something good can come from something bad
and bring a smile despite our woes.
Something to comfort and make the heart glad,
For wherever a tear falls a flower grows.
Memories of an Abundant Life * Family Ties * Flowers & Friends
Grandpas' Picture * In Rememberance * Letter to My Father
The Time of My Life * My Father * To My Husband
Sweetheart Overseas * My Dove * My Favorite Places
My Garden in Bloom * My Animal Children * No More
New Pages !!!
Christmas Gift * Pumpkin * Empty Nest * Beyond Tears * The Red Rose * Annie's Story of Great Depression *
Garden Pictures * Coming Into Manhood * I Love How You Love Me *
Time To Give Thanks * Autumn Memories * Sunset *My First Mothers' Day *
The Gift * Neighbors * Seasons of Life
Return to the Main Page
Please take the Time to SIGN THE GUESTBOOK~
All Rights Reserved
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Videos of the final projects created by the students of this summer’s New Music Controller workshop taught by Michael Gurevich and Sasha Leitman. We had 14 participants in the workshop this year and they came up with some really interesting projects. More information on the course can be found HERE.
Author Archives: Sasha Leitman
Videos of the final projects created by the students of this summer’s New Music Controller workshop taught by Michael Gurevich and Sasha Leitman. More information on the course can be found HERE. Next summers New Music Controller workshop will take place June 27 – July 1, 2016. Adam Sohn CCRMA New Music Controller Summer
Here are some photos from a fantastic workshop called MetaPiano: Aspects of Sound in Art (ASA) taught this summer by Elaine Buckholtz, Floor van de Velde and Sasha Leitman. Students used piano parts to construct new sound art installations. For more information, checkout the course website: https://ccrma.stanford.edu/workshops/aspects-of-sound-in-art-asa-2015
byAlison Rush The cetacant is a musical instrument inspired by whales and designed to accompany a performance of Vela 6911, a piece by Victor Gama. The cetacant emulates features of the cetacean vocal apparatus, using tubes and chambers full of air, water, and oil to produce and amplify sounds. The attached photo is of
Here is the abstract for a talk about the spherical mic that its creators will be presenting at the Acoustical Society of America. An open-source spherical microphone array design. John Granzow, Tim O’Brien, Darrell Ford, Yoo H. Yeh, Yoomi Hur (CCRMA, Stanford Univ., 660 Lomita Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, firstname.lastname@example.org), Darius Mostowfi (Sigma Eng.,
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Delivering Health Care in America: A Systems Approach
(as of Aug 13,2022 22:16:16 UTC – Details)
From the Publisher
Delivering Health Care in America
Delivering Health Care in America, Seventh Edition is the most current and comprehensive overview of the basic structures and operations of the U.S. health system—from its historical origins and resources, to its individual services, cost, and quality. Using a unique “systems” approach, the text brings together an extraordinary breadth of information into a highly accessible, easy-to-read resource that clarifies the complexities of health care organization and finance while presenting a solid overview of how the various components fit together.
With updated data and figures throughout, the new seventh edition is a thorough revision that highlights many new trends in health care; examines current challenges in cost, access, and quality; and explores the legacy of Obamacare and the future of health care reform in view of the new presidency.
A Systems Approach
New trends in health careChronic conditions in the U.S. along with updated information on global pandemics and infectious diseasesImplications of healthcare professional shortage and the major issues in healthcare workforce after the ACANew regulations for medical devices and the impact medical technology and technology assessment.Current information on health insuranceNew assessments of patient-centered medical homes in primary care; primary care providers in other countries; and current developments in alternative medicineUpdates on hospital utilization and costs.Current challenges in health care cost, access, and quality; pay-for-performance in healthcareThe critical policy issues; future health policy issues/challenges in both US and abroad
ASIN : 1284124495
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning; 7th edition (October 20, 2017)
Language : English
Paperback : 646 pages
ISBN-10 : 9781284124491
ISBN-13 : 978-1284124491
Item Weight : 1.81 pounds
Dimensions : 7 x 1 x 9 inches
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Scuba Doo gives visitors an opportunity not found anywhere else in Australia to take an unforgettable underwater journey aboard a one-of-a-kind scooter. No swimming ability or special skills are required to experience this unique Great Barrier Reef platform.
Great Adventures is the company which organises this unusual excursion which begins with a boat journey sailing between Cairns and Green Island twice each morning. Trained guides will explain how to operate the Scuba Doo aboard the vessel.
Once visitors sink beneath the Great Barrier Reef surface at the pontoon, they will begin a once in a lifetime 20-minute journey past stunning coral reefs, more than 1,500 tropical fish, and exotic sea creatures such as a Maori wrasse named Wally.
Although no snorkelling or scuba diving gear is required for the Scuba Doo experience, winter visitors should take advantage of the wetsuits provided at the pontoon. Helmets completely cover faces to leave contact lenses, glasses, and hair dry.
A steering wheel similar to those found on aircraft and a fully enclosed electric motor enable visitors to navigate the Scuba Doo with the push of a button on the scooter’s right hand side. A scuba tank pumps air into the Scuba Doo’s water free clear dome.
Swimming experience is not required to enjoy the experience, but all participants must be healthy and a minimum of 12 years of age. A professional diving instructor is nearby at all times and participants will learn how to communicate with hand signals in cases of emergency.
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- For site administrators
- For teachers
- For researchers
The Moodle Learning Analytics API is an open system that can become the basis for a very wide variety of models. Models can contain indicators (a.k.a. predictors), targets (the outcome we are trying to predict), insights (the predictions themselves), notifications (messages sent as a result of insights), and actions (offered to recipients of messages, which can become indicators in turn).
Most learning analytics models are not enabled by default. Enabling models for use should be done after considering the institutional goals the models are meant to support. When selecting or creating an analytics model, the following steps are important:
- What outcome do we want to predict? Or what process do we want to detect? (Positive or negative)
- How will we detect that outcome/process?
- What clues do we think might help us predict that outcome/process?
- What should we do if the outcome/process is very likely? Very unlikely?
- Who should be notified? What kind of notification should be sent?
- What opportunities for action should be provided on notification?
Moodle can support multiple prediction models at once, even within the same course. This can be used for A/B testing to compare the performance and accuracy of multiple models.
Moodle learning analytics supports two types of models.
- Machine-learning based models, including predictive models, make use of AI models trained using site history to detect or predict hidden aspects of the learning process.
- "Static" models use a simpler, rule-based system of detecting circumstances on the Moodle site and notifying selected users.
Moodle core ships with three models, Students at risk of dropping out and the static models Upcoming activities due and No teaching. Additional prediction models can be created by using the Analytics API or by using the new web UI. Each model is based on the prediction of a single, specific "target," or outcome (whether desirable or undesirable), based on a number of selected indicators.
You can view and manage your system models from Site Administration > Analytics > Analytics models.
Moodle core ships with three models, Students at risk of dropping out and the static models Upcoming activities due and No teaching. Other models can be added to your system by installing plugins or by using the web UI (see below). Existing models can be examined and altered from the "Analytics models" page in Site administration:
These are some of the actions you can perform on an existing model:
- Get predictions Train machine learning algorithms with the new data available on the system and get predictions for ongoing courses. Predictions are not limited to ongoing courses-- this depends on the model.
- View Insights Once you have trained a machine learning algorithm with the data available on the system, you will see insights (predictions) here for each "analysable." In the included model "Students at risk of dropping out, insights may be selected per course. Predictions are not limited to ongoing courses-- this depends on the model.
- Evaluate This is a resource-intensive process, and will not be visible when sites have the "onlycli" setting checked (default). See Evaluating models for more information.
- Log View previous evaluation logs, including the model accuracy as well as other technical information generated by the machine learning backends like ROC curves, learning curve graphs, the tensorboard log dir or the model's Matthews correlation coefficient. The information available will depend on the machine learning backend in use.
- Edit You can edit the models by modifying the list of indicators or the time-splitting method. All previous predictions will be deleted when a model is modified. Models based on assumptions (static models) can not be edited.
- Enable / Disable This allows the model to run training and prediction processes. The scheduled task that trains machine learning algorithms with the new data available on the system and gets predictions for ongoing courses skips disabled models. Previous predictions generated by disabled models are not available until the model is enabled again.
- Export Export your site training data to share it with your partner institutions or to use it on a new site. The Export action for models allows you to generate a csv file containing model data about indicators and weights, without exposing any of your site-specific data. We will be asking for submissions of these model files to help evaluate the value of models on different kinds of sites. Please see the Learning Analytics community for more information.
- Invalid site elements Reports on what elements in your site can not be analysed by this model
- Clear predictions Clears all the model predictions and training data
Students at risk of dropping out
This model predicts students who are at risk of non-completion (dropping out) of a Moodle course, based on low student engagement. In this model, the definition of "dropping out" is "no student activity in the final quarter of the course." The prediction model uses the Community of Inquiry model of student engagement, consisting of three parts:
This prediction model is able to analyse and draw conclusions from a wide variety of courses, and apply those conclusions to make predictions about new courses. The model is not limited to making predictions about student success in exact duplicates of courses offered in the past. However, there are some limitations:
- This model requires a certain amount of in-Moodle data with which to make predictions. At the present time, only core Moodle activities are included in the indicator set (see below). Courses which do not include several core Moodle activities per “time slice” (depending on the time splitting method) will have poor predictive support in this model. This prediction model will be most effective with fully online or “hybrid” or “blended” courses with substantial online components.
- This prediction model assumes that courses have fixed start and end dates, and is not designed to be used with rolling enrollment courses. Models that support a wider range of course types will be included in future versions of Moodle. Because of this model design assumption, it is very important to properly set course start and end dates for each course to use this model. If both past courses and ongoing courses start and end dates are not properly set predictions cannot be accurate. Because the course end date field was only introduced in Moodle 3.2 and some courses may not have set a course start date in the past, we include a command line interface script:
This script attempts to estimate past course start and end dates by looking at the student enrolments and students' activity logs. After running this script, please check that the estimated start and end dates script results are reasonably correct.
Upcoming activities due
The static “upcoming activities due” model checks for activities with upcoming due dates and outputs to the user’s calendar page.
This model's insights will inform site managers of which courses with an upcoming start date will not have teaching activity. This is a simple "static" model and it does not use machine learning backend to return predictions. It bases the predictions on assumptions, e.g. there is no teaching if there are no students.
Creating and editing models
New machine learning models can be created by using the Analytics API, by importing an exported model from another site, or by using the new web UI.
If you delete a "default" model (shipped with Moodle core) you can restore it from the Create menu. (Note: "static" models cannot be created using the web UI at this time.)
There are four components of a model that can be defined through the web UI:
Targets represent a “known good”-- something about which we have very strong evidence of value. Targets must be designed carefully to align with the curriculum priorities of the institution. Each model has a single target. The “Analyser” (context in which targets will be evaluated) is automatically controlled by the Target selection. See Learning analytics targets for more information.
Indicators are data points that may help to predict targets. We are free to add many indicators to a model to find out if they predict a target-- the only limit is that the data must be available within Moodle and must have a connection to the context of the model (e.g. the user, the course, etc.). The machine learning “training” process will determine how much weight to give to each indicator in the model.
We do want to make sure any indicators we include in a production model have a clear purpose and can be interpreted by participants, especially if they are used to make prescriptive or diagnostic decisions.
Indicators are constructed from data, but the data points need to be processed to make consistent, reusable indicators. In many cases, events are counted or combined in some way, though other ways of defining indicators are possible and will be discussed later. How the data points are processed involves important assumptions that affect the indicators. In particular, indicators can be absolute, meaning that the value of the indicator stays the same no matter what other samples are in the context, or relative, meaning that the indicator compares the sample to others in the context.
See Learning analytics indicators for more information.
Analysis intervals control how often the model will run to generate insights, and how much information will be included in each generation cycle. The two analysis intervals enabled by default for selection are “Quarters” and “Quarters accumulative.” Both options will cause models to execute four times-- after the first, second, third and fourth quarters of the course (the final execution is used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions against the actual outcome). The difference lies in how much information will be included. “Quarters” will only include information from the most recent quarter of the course in its predictions. “Quarters accumulative” will include the most recent quarter and all previous quarters, and tends to generate more accurate predictions (though it can take more time and memory to execute). Moodle Learning Analytics also includes “Tenths” and “Tenths accumulative” options in Core, if you choose to enable them from the Analytics Settings panel. These generate predictions more frequently.
- Single range indicates that predictions will be made once, but will take into account a range of time, e.g. one prediction at the end of a course. The prediction is made at the end of the range.
- Upcoming... indicates that the model generates an insight based on a snapshot of data at a given moment, e.g. the "no teaching" model looks to see if there are currently any teachers or students assigned to a course one week before the start of the term, and issues one insight warning the site administrator that no teaching is likely to occur in that empty course.
- All previous... (formerly "accumulative") and Last... methods differ in how much data is included in the prediction. Both "All previous quarters" and "Last quarter" predictions are made at the end of each quarter of a time span (e.g. a course), but in "Last quarter," only the information from the most recent quarter is included in the prediction, whereas in "All previous quarters" all information up to the present is included in the prediction.
Single range and No time splitting methods do not have time constraints. They run during the next scheduled task execution, although models apply different restrictions (e.g. require that a course is finished to use it for training or some data in the course and students to use it to get predictions...). 'Single range' and 'No splitting' are not appropriate for students at risk of dropping out of courses. They are intended to be used in models like 'No teaching' or 'Spammer user' that are designed to make only one prediction per eligible sample. To explain this with an example: 'No teaching' model uses 'Single range' analysis interval; the target class (the main PHP class of a model) only accepts courses that will start during the next week. Once we provide a 'No teaching' insight for a course we won't provide any further 'No teaching' insights for that course.
The difference between 'Single range' and 'No splitting' is that models analysed using 'Single range' will be limited to the analysable elements (the course in students at risk model) start and end dates, while 'No splitting' do not have any time contraints and all data available in the system is used to calculate the indicators.
Note: Although the examples above refer to courses, analysis intervals can be used on any analysable element. For example, enrolments can have start and end dates, so an analysis interval could be applied to generate predictions about aspects of an enrollment. For analysable elements with no start and end dates, different analysis intervals would be needed. For example, a "weekly" analysis interval could be applied to a model intended to predict whether a user is likely to log in to the system in the future, on the basis of activity in the previous week.
This setting controls which machine learning backend and algorithm will be used to estimate the model. Moodle currently supports two predictions processors:
- PHP machine learning backend - implements logistic regression using php-ml (contributed by Moodle)
- Python machine learning backend - implements single hidden layer feed-forward neural network using TensorFlow.
You can only choose from the predictions processors enabled on your site.
Each prediction processor may support multiple algorithms in the future.
Changing the model name
The model name is used to identify insights generated by the model, and by default, is the same as the Target name. You can edit this by clicking the "pencil" icon next to the model name in the list of models:
Machine-learning based models require a training process using previous data from the site. "Static" models make use of sets of pre-defined rules, and do not need to be trained.
There are two main categories of machine-learning based analytics models: supervised and unsupervised.
- Supervised models must be trained by using a data set with the target values already identified. For example, if the model will predict course completion, the model must be trained on a set of courses and enrollments with known completion status.
- Unsupervised models look for patterns in existing data, e.g. grouping students based on similarities in their behavior in courses.
At the present time, Moodle Learning Analytics only supports supervised models.
While we hope to include pre-trained models with the Moodle core installation in the future, at the current time we do not have large enough data sets to train a model for external use. (If you would like to help contribute data for this effort, please see the Moodle Learning Analytics Working Group.)
The model code includes criteria for "training" and "prediction" data sets. For example, only courses with enrolled students and an end date in the past can be used to train the Students at risk of dropping out model, because it is impossible to determine whether a student dropped out until a course has ended. On the other hand, for this model to make predictions, there must be a course with students enrolled that has started, but not yet ended.
The training set is defined in the php code for the Target. Models can only be trained if a site contains enough data matching the training criteria. Most models will require Moodle log data for the time period covering the events being analysed. For example, the Students at risk of dropping out model can only be trained if there is log data covering student activity in the courses that meet the training criteria. It is possible to train a model on an "archive" system and then use the model on a production system.
This is a manual, resource-intensive process, and will not be visible from the Web UI when sites have the "onlycli" setting checked (default).
This process can be executed independently of enabling or training the model, and causes Moodle to assemble the training data available on the site, calculate all the indicators and the target and pass the resulting dataset to machine learning backends. This process will split the dataset into training data and testing data and calculate its accuracy. Note that the evaluation process uses all information available on the site, even if it is very old. Because of this, the accuracy returned by the evaluation process may be lower than the real model accuracy as indicators are more reliably calculated immediately after training data is available because the site state changes over time. The metric used to describe accuracy is a weighted F1 score.
We recommend that all machine-learning models be evaluated before being enabled on a production site.
To force the model evaluation process to run from the command line:
Use the --help option to see parameters.
If you are connecting to your Moodle server remotely, you will probably want to run the process in the background and detach it, so it will continue to run if you log out of your session (or your connection times out). Here is an example on Linux using bash:
# php evaluate_model.php --modelid=4 --analysisinterval='\core\analytics\time_splitting\deciles_accum' > eval.log & # jobs + Running php evaluate_model.php --modelid=4 --analysisinterval='\core\analytics\time_splitting\deciles_accum' > eval.log & # disown -h %1
This will allow the process to continue to run after the remote shell disconnects. See the documentation for your OS and shell for more details.
On small sites, you can uncheck "onlycli" in the Analytics settings page, and you can then evaluate models from the Analytics models page. However, this is not feasible with production sites.
Review evaluation results
You can review the results of the model training process by accessing the evaluation log.
Check for warnings about evaluation completion, model accuracy, and model variability.
You can also check the invalid site elements list to verify which site elements were included or excluded in the analysis. If you see a large number of unexpected elements in this report, it may mean that you need to check your data. For example, if courses don't have appropriate start and end dates set, or enrolment data has been purged, the system may not be able to include data from those courses in the model training process.
Exporting and Importing models
Models can also be exported from one site and imported to another.
You can export the data used to train the model, or the model configuration and the weights of the trained model.
Note: the model weights are completely anonymous, containing no personally identifiable data! This means it is safe to share them with researchers without worrying about privacy regulations.
When a model is imported with weights, the site administrator has the option to evaluate the trained model using site data, or to evaluate the model configuration by re-training it using the current site data.
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Cost of living support
Colchester Borough Council is providing support for residents facing the cost of living crisis.
Today, on national Clean Air Day, pupils from St James’ Primary School in Colchester have published an open letter to their parents, relatives and other carers setting out why clean air is important for young lungs. They are urging adults to adopt better driving habits by switching off the car engine while stationary outside their school, to stop children having to breath polluted air.
St James’ pupils are wanting adults to take action to reduce the risks to children’s health in support of the town-wide CAReless Pollution campaign. Air pollution is associated with asthma and other lung diseases, and young developing lungs are especially in danger of being damaged. Breathing bad air can also cause heart problems and stroke and it is linked to 1 in 20 deaths in Colchester (1). Breathing in air pollution is the equivalent of a child smoking 1.5 cigarettes a day (2).
CAReless Pollution is focusing on asking drivers to switch off their car engines when stationary because research from the University of Surrey has found that pollution inside a stationary car with the engine running can be up to seven times higher than the air pollution outside the car (3).
Today, a CAReless Pollution Zorb-ball is on display at the school to help highlight the poor quality air that children have to breath when they are sat inside a stationary car with the engine running. The Zorb-ball will then be visiting other events this summer.
St James’ Primary School, along with other schools across Colchester, has received the new CAReless Pollution online toolkit which provides teachers with a range of age-appropriate activities and ideas for inspiring pupils.
A pupil at St James’ School said: “We have been learning about air pollution at school and how bad air can come inside the car. I don’t want to breathe that in on my way to and from school so I will be asking my mum to switch off the engine when we are not moving.”
Cllr Simon Crow, Portfolio Holder for Environment and Sustainability, said: “We are really keen to inspire students to understand the health consequences of air pollution and to take positive action to improve local air for themselves and other Colchester residents.
The main source of Colchester’s air pollution is exhaust fumes. Switching your engine off while stationary can cut air pollution by up to 30%.”
CAReless Pollution materials including the Toolkit for Schools are available to download from: http://www.colchester.gov.uk/cleanair
Page last reviewed: 15 June 2021
Subscribe to receive updates on Council news, events and offers, green living, leisure and sport, museums, committees, jobs and more.
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Ofgem has announced a spending plan for a £1 billion pound Caithness Moray transmission subsea link. The subsea link will be built in Scotland, however, Ofgem says that the funding it has proposed is for significantly less than the amount requested by Scottish Hydro Electricity (SHE) Transmission as they want to ensure that consumers get value for money. She Transmission had anticipated costs of £1,236.2 million, however, following an assessment from Ofgem, the energy watchdog reduced the costs down to £1,062.3 million.
The SHE Transmission project will involve the creation of a high-voltage direct current that will stretch from Caithness to Morayshire; there will also need to be work carried out onshore.
Ofgem says that the link will help to improve the resilience of Britain’s energy infrastructure. The new subsea link will be completed by 2018 and will provide 1.2 gigawatts of renewable energy.
There are some concerns over how much the project could cost in its entirety and the public are being invited to give their views on the funding plan before Ofgem can give the proposals the final approval. Ofgem gave initial approval for the project in July, but now a more extensive consultation period will be necessary before Ofgem can give the proposals final approval.
Consumers are invited to contribute to the consultation process, the process assessment, and the efficiency savings, and they have until November 24th to do this. Once the consultation period has closed, a decision on the final amount of funding will be made.
Ofgem are due to make a final decision on the subsea transmission by the end of 2014; the final expenditure will also be announced by the end of the year.
Lincs Wind farm
Ofgem has also recently announced a licence worth more than £300 million for a wind farm in Lincs. The license will allow TC Lincs OFTO Limited to own and operate a wind farm in Lincs.
The license was granted under the offshore regulatory regime, which is a collaboration between the Department of Energy and Climate Change and Ofgem. The regime was first introduced in2009 and uses a process of competitive tendering to license offshore electricity transmission.
The Lincs wind farm is owned by DONG Energy, Centrica and Siemens Project Ventures. The Lincs wind farm is located in Skegness and has the capability to produce enough green energy to power 200,000 homes.
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The Wearsafe Tag is an amazing peer-to-peer personal safety technology. In a bad situation, making a phone call is harder than you think. At the first sign of trouble, pressing the Wearsafe Tag keeps you a step ahead of the situation. It uses the power of your phone to alert friends and family, it sends them audio from the scene and starts a live chat room where they can coordinate a response or call 911. All while your phone, your lifeline is out of sight.
Interwoven partnered with Wearsafe Labs to create the unique shape device and a variety of attachment methods for the Wearsafe Tag.
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3618529 is an odd composite number. It is composed of two distinct prime numbers multiplied together. It has a total of four divisors.
Prime factorization of 3618529:
59 × 61331
See below for interesting mathematical facts about the number 3618529 from the Numbermatics database.
Names of 3618529
- Cardinal: 3618529 can be written as Three million, six hundred eighteen thousand, five hundred twenty-nine.
- Scientific notation: 3.618529 × 106
Factors of 3618529
Divisors of 3618529
Bases of 3618529
- Binary: 11011100110110111000012
- Hexadecimal: 0x3736E1
- Base-36: 25K2P
Squares and roots of 3618529
Scales and comparisonsHow big is 3618529?
- 3,618,529 seconds is equal to 5 weeks, 6 days, 21 hours, 8 minutes, 49 seconds.
To count from 1 to 3,618,529 would take you about eight weeks!
This is a very rough estimate, based on a speaking rate of half a second every third order of magnitude. If you speak quickly, you could probably say any randomly-chosen number between one and a thousand in around half a second. Very big numbers obviously take longer to say, so we add half a second for every extra x1000. (We do not count involuntary pauses, bathroom breaks or the necessity of sleep in our calculation!)
- A cube with a volume of 3618529 cubic inches would be around 12.8 feet tall.
Recreational maths with 3618529
Link to this page
HTML: To link to this page, just copy and paste the link below into your blog, web page or email.
BBCODE: To link to this page in a forum post or comment box, just copy and paste the link code below:
Cite this page
"Number 3618529 - Facts about the integer". Numbermatics.com. 2022. Web. 12 August 2022.
Numbermatics. (2022). Number 3618529 - Facts about the integer. Retrieved 12 August 2022, from https://numbermatics.com/n/3618529/
Numbermatics. 2022. "Number 3618529 - Facts about the integer". https://numbermatics.com/n/3618529/
The information we have on file for 3618529 includes mathematical data and numerical statistics calculated using standard algorithms and methods. We are adding more all the time. If there are any features you would like to see, please contact us. Information provided for educational use, intellectual curiosity and fun!
Keywords: Divisors of 3618529, math, Factors of 3618529, curriculum, school, college, exams, university, Prime factorization of 3618529, STEM, science, technology, engineering, physics, economics, calculator, three million, six hundred eighteen thousand, five hundred twenty-nine.
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