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I’m trying to study for my Political Science course and I need some help to understand this question.
Assignment is to write a paper about a particular country and it’s form of government:
- Main point 1: Explain and provide evidence that your country of choice claims to be one form of government.
- Main point 2: Explain and provide evidence that your country of choice is actually a different form of government.
- Main point 3: Evaluate reasons why the government would want to portray themselves as something other than what they are.
Pretty easy and opinionated assignment, doesn’t need to be overly fancy
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Ear Surgery – Anyone who has ears that are a little larger than normal, ears that stick out too far from the side of the head (‘bat ears’), shell ears (where the natural folds and creases are missing), or ears that are asymmetrical (e.g., one is bigger than the other), will know that it can at times be challenging. Because ears are such prominent facial features, it is very easy to become self-conscious about them and for many Australians, the look of their ears is the aspect of their physical appearance with which they are most unhappy.
At Australian Medical Travel, we have helped patients of all ages to undergo, an ear surgery procedure in which the ears are pinned back so that they don’t stick out as far from the side of the head, are reduced in size, or reshaped so as to create a more harmonious, symmetrical shape to the face.
What happens during the otoplasty surgery procedure?
in which cartilage in the ear is reshaped or removed, along with any excess skin, and the reshaped cartilage is then temporarily held in place with stitches.
Ear plastic surgery is usually performed via incisions made behind the ear and so, in relation to other types of plastic surgery, otoplasty is minimally invasive. It is usually performed under local anaesthetic with sedation, although some patients opt for a general anaesthetic instead.
For patients who have just one ear that sticks out, or only want one ear reduced in size, ear surgery will in some cases nevertheless be performed on both so as to ensure that overall balance and symmetry is achieved.
After an otoplasty surgery procedure, you can expect there to be some bruising and swelling, although any discomfort can easily be managed with pain medication. You can also expect to wear head bandages for around 7 days after the procedure, and most patients are able to return to work after about a week. Normal physical activity can usually be resumed at this time, although sports and other strenuous physical activity should be avoided for around six weeks.
Otoplasty scars are generally small and well hidden, as in most cases your plastic surgeon will make the necessary incisions behind or on the back of the ear. In any case, ear surgery scars, like any scar, will fade over time as well.
Ear pinning surgery cost in Australia
As with any form of plastic surgery or cosmetic surgery in Australia, there are a range of associated costs and, as otoplasty is most likely deemed to be elective surgery, these will not be covered by Medicare rebate and so will need to paid directly by you.
The ear surgery cost in Australia that you will be expected to pay will depend on where you have the otoplasty performed, the surgeon and anaesthetist fees, and the hospital charges you incur. On average, you can expect that the ear pinning surgery cost you are expected to pay will start at around $5,500, although if you don’t have any private hospital cover, you can expect to pay more than this.
Medical Travel to Thailand
At Australian Medical Travel, we help to reduce how much ear surgery costs by facilitating medical travel packages to Thailand and Malaysia where. We partner with , and our team is on had to assist you every step of the way.
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- Page Content
- Should I Become a psychologist in Oklahoma
- Career Outlook for Psychologists in Oklahoma
- Steps to Become a psychologist in Oklahoma
- How Long Does It Take to Become a psychologist in Oklahoma?
- What Are the Requirements of Becoming a psychologist in Oklahoma
- How Much Can I Make as a Psychologist in Oklahoma?
Learn how to become a psychologist in Oklahoma, complete with information on the educational, training and licensing requirements in the following guide. You will also find information here on the salary and career outlook for psychologists in Oklahoma.
Should I Become a Psychologist in Oklahoma
Becoming a psychologist entails that you possess a certain skill set, such as communication skills and keen observational skills. In addition to that, if you are fascinated by the human mind and what causes various kinds of behaviors, the field of psychology might just be the one for you.
The following table sheds some light on the basics of this career.
|Education Required||Master’s or Doctoral Degree|
|Training||Required pre- or post-doctoral|
|Licenses/Certifications||Required in Oklahoma|
|Key Skills||Patience, Analytical Skills, Integrity, Interpersonal Skills, Communication Skills, Observational Skills,|
|Annual Mean Salary (2019) – National||$87,450 (Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists)|
|Job Outlook (2018-28)||14%|
|Annual Mean Salary (2019) – Oklahoma||$66,400 (Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists)|
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics
Career Outlook for Psychologists in Oklahoma
The number of jobs for psychologists in the US is expected to experience a tremendous growth of 14% in the years from 2018 to 2028 as per the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. This demand is likely to be caused by an increased focus on mental health and stability. In addition to that, psychologists will be needed to deal with various developmental disorders, such as autism. The number of jobs for Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists in Oklahoma is expected to increase by a massive 16% in the years from 2016 to 2026 according to O*Net Online.
Steps to Become a Psychologist in Oklahoma
- Complete a Bachelor’s Degree
To get enrolled into a doctoral level psychology program, students will need to complete at least a bachelor’s degree. It does not have to be in a psychology related major.
- Enroll in a Psy.D. or a Ph.D.
Some students prefer to get a master’s degree before enrolling in a Psy.D. or a Ph.D. program, to create a stronger foundation in psychology. This degree, however, is not mandatory.
A doctoral level psychology degree is the minimum education required to become a practicing psychologist in the US. A Ph.D. would be ideal for research based positions, while a Psy.D. would be perfect for clinical psychologists.
- Get a License
The process of licensing in Oklahoma is taken care of by the Oklahoma State Board of Examiners of Psychologists. The licensing process would require you to have a doctoral degree, at least two years of experience and pass an exam.
How Long Does It Take to Become a Psychologist in Oklahoma?
The process to become a psychologist in Oklahoma, or any other state in the US, is long and requires a lot of effort. It will take approximately 10 years or more to become a practicing psychologist.
What Are the Requirements for Becoming a Psychologist in Oklahoma?
In order to join this prestigious profession in Oklahoma, students will need to meet certain requirements:
- Possess a certain skillset
- Complete a Bachelor’s Degree
- Complete a Psy.D. or a Ph.D.
- Get the required number of hours of supervised experience
- Get a license
How Much Can I Make as a Psychologist in Oklahoma?
After becoming a psychologist in Oklahoma, Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists can earn an annual mean wage of $66,400, as per the 2019 data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. The earning potential would vary according to the industry of employment and the specialization, if any. For instance, Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists were paid the most by Child Day Care Services in the US, with an annual mean wage of $120,130.
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NEW DELHI: Three years and more than 100 amendments later, the revised Master Plan for Delhi 2021 (MPD-2021) is nearly ready. While the Centre will soon notify provisions for transit-oriented development (TOD) and the environment, some amendments have already been implemented.
But is MPD-2021 a feasible plan? How much of it has been implemented? Does it really address the pressing concerns of the city and provide a realistic vision for sustainable development? Is it in sync with the ground realities? These are some of the questions on Delhi's mind.
Experts say many features of MPD-2021 have remained on paper for reasons ranging from the multiplicity of authorities in the city to poor enforcement and planning by the agencies concerned and the presence of many unauthorized colonies, slums, resettlement colonies and villages. Urban planners and experts TOI spoke to said the city needs operational guidelines to implement the MPD and these should be a part of the document.
The failure of civic and government agencies to prepare a local area plan (LAP) even after eight years is an example of the complications in the way of MPD-2021. The erstwhile Municipal Corporation
of Delhi had made an LAP for some municipal wards but it was never notified as MCD said it didn't have the powers to notify it while DDA insisted only MCD could notify it. "Due to this technical discrepancy, there is no approved LAP which is critical for any area's development. Operational guidelines will help in overcoming such discrepancies and help in faster implementation of the plan," said Sanjukta Bhaduri, head of the department of urban planning in School of Planning and Architecture who prepared some of the LAPs.
Experts say the MPD is good as a 'vision document' as it provides for sustainable development with provisions like TOD, land pooling and stress on conservation of heritage and the environment, but some of its provisions are not in sync with ground realities.
More than 60% of Delhi's population lives in unauthorized colonies, rural and urban villages and unauthorized regularized colonies. The document doesn't dwell much on the development needs of the people living in these areas. "Regularization of unauthorized colonies can't happen as per the terms and conditions of the present master plan. Building plans can't be sanctioned here as per the MPD. These colonies have come up illegally. There is a need to have different norms for them," said urban planner A G K Menon.
As a result, even "people-friendly" features like sub-division and amalgamation of plots haven't worked. Sub-division of plots was allowed in unauthorized regularized (UR) colonies, but it has not found any takers as the permitted floor-area ratio (FAR) is based on the plot's original size. "In most cases, the FAR has already been used up by people living on the sub-divided plots so fresh construction cannot be carried out on the vacant portion of the plot. This has led to rampant unauthorized construction in UR colonies," said a South Corporation official.
Experts say illegal construction is rampant in Delhi, so each master plan has focused on regularizing illegal activities. The 2007 MPD provided for legalizing commercial establishments in residential areas by allowing mixed land use. Now, the revised plan proposes low-density residential areas (LDRA), which is a way to regularize illegal farmhouses. Corporation officials say LDRA actually allows more dwelling units per plot.
"The vision is limited by the burden of the present. Each plan regularizes what has come up illegally. It is about time we seriously address the issues and provide practical solutions to decongest the city. There are villages which are 300 years old. There is a need for a special plan to restore them," said K T Ravindran
, urban designer and former DUAC chairperson.
Experts say the provisions related to parking space need to be revised, as MPD-2021 stressed on providing parking while now the thrust is on public transport. "MPD-2021 allows for two equivalent car spaces per 100-sq metre of residential area and three in commercial areas. There is an urgent need to undo this clause for the success of TOD," said Anumita Roychowdhury
, executive director, research and advocacy, Centre for Science and Environment
There's also a need for a rolling process of planning for timely course-correction. "Twenty years is too long a period for planning, given the city's complexities and fast growth rate," said Bhaduri.
New Delhi: To a common man it seems strange that years are spent in drawing and reviewing the master plan but Delhi Development Authority
(DDA), the city's planning agency, says making the 'vision document' is a mammoth task. Decisions are taken after a lot of discussion between experts and implemented only after seeking and incorporating the public's views.
DDA had formed 12 sub-groups of experts from various fields to discuss the city's development and growing requirements of shelter, traffic and transportation, trade and commerce, etc.
More than 200 experts took two years to prepare the draft of Master Plan for Delhi 2021 after the Union urban development ministry commissioned it in 2003. Each group had academicians, experts working on the ground and government representatives. "They submitted their recommendations after reviewing sectoral studies and current problems like the commercialization of residential areas," said a senior DDA official.
Experts say the main objective of MPD-2021 was to address the city's growing needs while conserving the environment and heritage.
After the draft plan was notified in March 2005, DDA received more than 7,000 suggestions and objections from the public. "Close to 90% of the suggestions were related to property. We incorporated the suggestions for the city's development and sent them to our advisory council for approval," a DDA official said.
Finalizing a master plan after incorporating the public's suggestions takes a long time. The draft plan is vetted by various committees for legal and technical issues before it is sent to the Union urban development ministry which notifies it after receiving the Cabinet's approval.
"The entire exercise for preparing a draft plan is repeated after the public's suggestions are incorporated. That is why it takes years," said the official.
The same process is followed to notify a revised master plan. The revision started in early-2012 and the government is notifying the changes in phases. DDA officials say more than 100 amendments have already been made to MPD-2021. The urban development ministry is in the process of finalizing the last chapter on environment, which will be posted for people's suggestions and objections soon. Sources say the review is likely to end by December.
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Why do birds migrate?
Why do some birds fly thousands of miles back and forth between breeding and non-breeding areas every year whereas others never travel at all?
One textbook explanation suggests either eating fruit or living in non-forested environments were the precursors needed to evolve migratory behavior.
Not so, report a pair of ecologists from The University of Arizona in Tucson. The pressure to migrate comes from seasonal food scarcity.
"It's not just whether you eat insects, fruit, nectar or candy bars or where you eat them -- it matters how reliable that food source is from day-to-day," said W. Alice Boyle. "For example, some really long-distance migrants like arctic terns are not fruit-eaters."
Boyle, an adjunct lecturer in UA's department of ecology and evolutionary biology and co-author Courtney J. Conway, a UA assistant professor of natural resources and a research scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey, report their findings in the March 2007 issue of American Naturalist.
To figure out the underlying pressures that drive some birds to leave home for the season, the team wanted to examine a related set of species and compare their size, food type, habitat, migratory behavior and whether they fed in flocks.
Boyle and Conway focused on 379 species of New World flycatchers from the suborder Tyranni. One of the largest groups of New World birds, the Tyranni includes kingbirds, flycatchers, phoebes and such southern Arizona birdwatchers' delights as vermillion flycatchers and rose-throated becards. Tropical members include manakins and cotingas.
First the scientists had to construct the first "supertree" for New World flycatchers.
"No one has ever compiled all those birds together into one megafamily tree," Boyle said, adding that "supertree" is a technical term among evolutionary biologists.
Having the tree let the researchers compare a variety of traits across the many species of Tyranni by using a computer analysis called phylogenetic independent contrasts.
The technique allowed the scientists to sort out whether a bird was migratory because that's what species on their side of the family tree always did or whether the bird's travel habits had some ecological correlates.
Food scarcity was the number one issue that predicted a species' migratory behavior, the team found. Boyle said, "Food availability is the underlying process, not diet and habitat."
One strategy for dealing seasonal changes in food availability is migration. The team also found that species that forage in flocks are less likely to migrate.
"If you are faced with food scarcity, you have two options," Boyle said. "You can either forage with other birds or you can migrate."
When birds band together to search for food, the group is more likely to find a new patch of food than is one lone individual, she said. "Flocking can be an alternative way to deal with food shortages."
A universal assumption about bird migration has been that short-distance migration is an evolutionary stepping stone to long-distance migration. The team's work contradicts that idea by showing that short-distance migrants are inherently different from their globe-trotting cousins.
Source: University of Arizona
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Photo: Arya Wirawan
Anne-Lot Hoek is an independent investigative journalist and historian, and publishes for NRC Handelsblad, De Groene Amsterdammer, Vrij Nederland (Netherlands) and De Lage Landen (Belgium).
Since 2012 she has focused on the Indonesian war of Independence. For her contributions to this subject and the public debate she was honered with the ASH Valorisation Prize 2020 from the University of Amsterdam.
She worked for seven years on her debut book, De strijd om Bali (The struggle for Bali), which was released in 2021 (De Bezige Bij).
The book is based on more than 120 interviews with veterans and other witnesses on Bali and in The Netherlands. Instead of studying politics and violence separately, she has managed to draw a clear interaction between the political goals and the acceleration of violence on the ground. She also discovered the Dutch build a network of prison camps (tangsi-network) on Bali during the Indonesian War of Independence. Beside the interviews she conducted intensive archival research, and also used memoires, correspondence, literature, monuments & private archives as her sources.
De strijd om Bali was chosen as the Best History Book of the Month on NPO Radio 1 (OVT), received an Honorable Mention by the Brusseprize jury for "a very special book" that "stands out among the many books on the Indonesian-Dutch colonial past" and is chosen - from more than 300 submissions - as one of the 10 Best History Books of the Year by the jury of the Libris History Prize.
'Potentially the most important history book of this year'
NRC Handelsblad (These are the best books of 2021)
‘Anne-Lot Hoek is one of those rare historians who conducts in-depth research and knows how to combine oral history with great readability. What an achievement, this study about Bali! What a panache!’
David Van Reybrouck (Revolusi and Congo. A History)
*** Winner Libris Historyprize 2010, AKO Literature Price 2010 and the Prix Médicis 2012 ***
‘Luckily Anne-Lot does write in such a way that you don't have to put effort
in reading because she grabs you and doesn't let go'
Mariska Kortie (De Bezige Bij)
‘Great research by Anne-Lot Hoek into systematic government violence in Bali'
Roxane van Iperen (The Sisters of Auschwitz)
*** #2 New York Times Bestseller ***
‘Anne-Lot Hoek is not lacking in talent. She turns out to be a thorough researcher, writes compellingly and manages to summarize the enormous amount of information she has collected into one readable whole. Anne-Lot Hoek's intention is good. She does not only point to the Dutch villains and does not dismiss Dutch violence as the logical response to Indonesian terrorism. No, she gives a nuanced picture of a sad period in Bali.'
Herman Keppy (Indies Tijdschrift)
‘Her book is not only staggering, but also exciting and stimulating. It never gets boring. This is partly due to the many mysterious, colourful, heartwarming or, on the contrary, repulsive people who pass in review... Thorough and innovative research. Straightforward, uninhibited and fearless. Well written'
Willem Bouwman (Nederlands Dagblad)
‘So thorough that Anne-Lot Hoek immediately joins
Remy Limpach, Piet Hagen, Martin Bossenbroek, David van Reybrouck'
Peter van Riel (Pelita Nieuws)
‘Can a white Dutch person really write about the Indonesian War of Independence? In the Groene Amsterdammer of 17 April 2019, historian and journalist Anne-Lot Hoek criticized the program management of the research project of KITLV, NIOD and NIMH, who wanted the public book on this subject written by Gert Oostindie. According to Hoek, an Indonesian had to be sought as a co-author, because of the polyphony. With her own dissertation, however, she provides proof that even a blond Dutch woman is perfectly capable of looking critically at the colonial past. The Struggle for Bali is even a very good book''
Bas Kromhout (Historisch Nieuwsblad)
'This book contains many new insights and is very well written.
Anne-Lot is the first historian to interview so many people on the spot and to do years of archival research.
Our image of this period will never be the same again'
Van der Meer (Libris)
'And these are just two of the 120 testimonials from Anne-Lot Hoek's widely acclaimed and very readable
The struggle for Bali. In 2013, she promised veteran Charles Destree (1926-2019) to get to the bottom of the story behind photos of dead Balinese in his photo album. She did and we should all be grateful for that.'
Marjolein van Asdonck (Monsoon - Het Indisch Maandblad)
'This was inevitable: Anne-Lot Hoek with The struggle for Bali. Guys, this is a really good book for two reasons: it's very well researched, she's seen tons of archives. This time she spoke mainly to veterans from the Indonesian side. Third, it is very well written'
Wim Berkelaar (NPO1 / VPRO / OVT) selected 'The struggle for Bali' as:
WINNER - BEST HISTORY BOOK OF THE MONTH DECEMBER 2021
‘The struggle for Bali is more than a summary of violence. Hoek also tells a bigger story about the decolonization of the entire Dutch East Indies. Hoek managed to wrest a lot of information from oblivion. In doing so, she really adds something to our knowledge of a recent past that has still not penetrated our collective memory....with her rich source material she gives her main characters a lot of color...an impressive book’
Jeroen van der Kris (NRC Handelsblad)
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The bell rings, echoing across the ETHS building. Students stream in and out of doors, rooms and hallways finding their way to their next class. The block schedule is now fully in place, finals have been cut from the program and students are finally able to interact without clicking an unmute button. It’s fall at ETHS once again.
It’s an emotional time for everybody, whether that be a good thing or a bad thing. Many things are changing in a short amount of time.
With feelings running at full speed, ETHS staff, students and teachers look to the following year of school in-person with stomach-churning apprehension and excitement.
Principal Marcus Campbell was a big part of proposing the changes to in-person school that will be adopted at the beginning of the school year. Along with more safety precautions, many new things will be fully established—primarily, the removal of finals and the implementation of a block schedule containing longer, but fewer, classes per day.
According to Campbell, the block schedule will likely have a huge impact on the education of ETHS students as well as their experience socially.
“I think the block [schedule] is going to slow down our day… Teachers are going to be able to go deeper in the content,” Campbell says. “We’ll have 10-minute passing periods. Everybody can take a breather, take care of their needs, go to the next class.”
Campbell views the block schedule as an opportunity to “rehumanize” the school. He considers student’s health—mental and physical—to be of the utmost importance.
“For many kids, schools have been dehumanizing places. Part of block… is about rehumanizing the space…and focus[ing] on being back together, and teaching and learning,” Campbell explains thoughtfully.
He adds that the presentation of work may change too, taking into account the lack of finals in the coming year. “There’ll be more project-based learning, for sure,” Campbell says.
Finals were a cause of stress for students, teachers, and administrators alike. Getting rid of final exams is a radical decision but is aimed at making the school experience more humane.
These two pillars of change are good enough on their own but work together wonderfully.
“Instead of having a week of exams, anytime a teacher wants to give a multi-unit exam, a multi-unit test over 85 minutes, they can do that,” Campbell says.
“After doing online school for so long, I got really comfortable being home,” junior Alice Lavan said. “I think all the [understandable] allowances we made for ourselves definitely changed the way I performed in my classes. And the combination of that with the lack of social aspects [online] made it even harder. You weren’t seeing many faces or hearing many voices, which made it harder to put that effort in.”
“I think for a lot of people, it might be a rough transition, given the adjustments we made at home. [It’s a big change] to then be in person and need to hold yourself accountable.”
Leah Johnson is going into her junior year at ETHS. After trudging through 10th grade, she is looking forward to being able to learn in-person in the coming year. Her sophomore year was pretty rocky, positive as a whole but lined with frustration over the mediocrity of e-learning.
“I don’t think sophomore year laid the best foundation for junior year,” Johnson states. In the last two years, online school has deprived students of having a full and preparative learning experience.
Junior year is widely acknowledged as the hardest year of high school, complete with a fresh load of AP and honors classes, taking the SATs and ACTs and beginning to leave behind your childhood to make difficult choices about your future.
But for Johnson, putting aside the deficiency of the ‘20-’21 school year, next year is looking up.
“I’m excited. I’m taking classes that I asked to do work in, my harder classes I chose to take. I don’t think I’ve set myself up to fail,” Johnson says.
Senior Maeve Smith views next year a little differently. The class of 2022 could easily be considered the only current class comfortably familiar with ETHS. They’ve had over a year and a half in the building to get used to its operation.
“I don’t think [in-person school] will affect me very much. It’s not going to be too different from my freshman and sophomore year, when I was [in-school],” Smith says.
However, Smith agrees that the shift to in-person school will be a struggle for the younger students.
“[Especially for underclassmen], the building can be a stressful place,” she says. “Our homes, most of the time, are safe spaces.”
The elimination of finals is a blessing in Smith’s mind. After taking the SATs in a COVID-19 environment and having to get through the most difficult year of her high school education, finals were just another anxiety to add to the list.
“[Junior year] was definitely the most difficult year, especially because of the pandemic, so the elimination of finals is a huge weight lifted off my shoulders,” she says. “School is very stressful for me, and [not] having to worry about finals is a huge stress reliever.”
It’s been a while since the ETHS population was fully in the school at the same time. The 2021-2022 school year is going to have its challenges, no doubt. The school is turning classical education on its head, making a number of big changes in a short amount of time, but those changes are all made in the name of honoring students’ humanity.
It’s fall at ETHS once again.
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I write occasionally, read voraciously, travel constantly, and love fiercely.…
Off-days at work are completely normal. There are days when you function like a well-oiled machine, and others when it takes too much energy to perform even the simplest of tasks.
Ask yourself: Do you find that you have to drag yourself to work and you have trouble getting started once you arrive? Do you lack the energy to be consistently productive? Do you feel unmotivated or dissatisfied with your accomplishments? Do you feel disillusioned about your job? Have your sleep habits or appetite changed?
I don’t need to tell you that if any of these situations ring any bells to you, it’s time for a career check. You might be feeling burnt out.
Burnout: The Epidemic of the Modern Workplace
Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It reduces your productivity and saps your energy, leaving you unmotivated and uninterested.
Job burnout is caused by various factors: being unable to influence decisions that could affect your job, unclear job expectations, dysfunctional office dynamics, poor fit between your role and interests and skills, monotony at work, or work-life imbalance.
If you’re feeling tired all the time, but you can still carry out your tasks properly, then you might be experiencing burnout. When you feel you’re not making progress and you feel that the work you do doesn’t matter, that’s when it’s time for a conversation with your boss.
Ways to completely avoid burnout:
Contrary to popular belief, multitasking is counter-productive. Sometimes trying to focus on too many things all at once saps your momentum. It can also lessen the quality of your work output.
You’re not a robot. Take some time off to give yourself physical and mental breaks especially if your job involves repetitive tasks.
Find out why you’re feeling exhausted at work and try to fix them. Discuss concerns involving your role with your supervisor.
A clear indicator of burnout is not deriving any satisfaction from your achievements. Celebrate your wins, regardless of whether they’re as big as a promotion, or as little as cleaning up your desk.
The reason for your prolonged stress may be because you’re in the wrong job, or you might have outgrown it. Assess if you’e still making full use of your abilities in your current job and whether it coincides with the industry that you’re thoroughly passionate about. If you think you’d be able to better contribute your skills and strengths elsewhere–in a job that you’re thoroughly interested in–then it might be time to think of better career opportunities.
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I write occasionally, read voraciously, travel constantly, and love fiercely. Talk to me about adventure, cultural events, psychology, and world domination. Introverted and loud, awkward and proud.
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The Allen School Lab runs a dedicated home page webserver,
that supports static (HTML) and active (CGI/PHP) user content.
- Who has a home page on the server?
- What is the URL (web address) of my home page?
- How do I access my home page files?
- How much home page storage do I get on the service?
- Does the service include a database account?
- Can I run active content on the server?
- Who can see my home page?
- Why can't I access my Linux home page (/homes/gws/<username>/ or /homes/iws/<username>/) from homes.cs?
- I still have questions!
Who has a home page on the server?
Home pages are created for all CSE students (all programs), all faculty members (including post-docs), and all staff members. Folks with research guest accounts do not have a homepage.
What is the URL (web address) of my home page?
If your username is
<username>@cs.washington.edu, your home page URL is at https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~<username>
How do I access my home page files?
The webroot of your home page is located in the /cse file tree at the following location:
In order to access the /cse file tree, you'll need to logon to a CSE managed server.
Undergrads can use the attu cluster, while researchers could use recylce, bicycle, etc if you have no other options available.
There is no direct logon access to the homes webserver itself.
How much home page storage do I get on the service?
We expect you to stay below 2GB.
This is a home page server; larger files are probably research content that should be hosted on a research server.
Does the service include a database account?
MySQL accounts are available upon request.
Can I run active content on the server?
Yes, you can. The server supports PHP (version 5.3) and CGI scripts, typically written in scripting languages such as perl, python, bash, or ruby.
Files that have a .php extension are treated as PHP scripts. Additionally, files named index.php will be treated as index documents.
For example, a file named
/cse/web/homes/<username>/index.php will be served as http://homes.cs.washington.edu/<username>/
PHP runs as the web server user, which is called apache at our site.
Files with a .cgi, .cl, .lsp, .lisp, .pl, .py, or .rb filename extension will be treated as CGI scripts using the suexec mechanism. suexec CGI scripts run as the user that owns them.
Who can see my home page?
There are no default restrictions on access to your home page. You can restrict access by creating a .htaccess file.
Why can't I access my Linux home page (/homes/gws/<username>/ or /homes/iws/<username>/) from homes.cs?
Because the CGI scripts you may have on homes.cs are programs that can be run by arbitrary users on the public internet under your user context, it is easy to turn them against the owner. Therefore, homes.cs doesn't get standard file system exports, limiting the scope of a successful exploit to data you have on this server.
I still have questions!
If you have additional questions, please direct them to Support.
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Meaning of remuneration – Refers to the amount paid or to be paid to the employee by the employer in cash clear of any deductions expect authorized deductions (lawful deductions) for example.
- For the purpose of contribution to any provident fund or superannuating scheme
- In respect of actions supplied to an employee which an employer is charged to provide
- Under any provision where law provides that the employer deducts NSSF, NHIF, PAY, cooperatives.
- At the request in writing by the employee for any purpose for which the employer has no benefit
- Ina situation where there’s no council order, the general wages order is assumed to be in effect. Failure to comply is an offence. If an employer fails to pay an employee to whom a wages regulation order remuneration less than the statutory minimum or fails to provide the employment prescribed in that order, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding 400 shillings.
- In case of underpayment the employer can pay the arrears.
Powers of officers – A labour officer or labour inspector shall have power for the performance of his duties
- To require the production of wage sheets or other records of wages kept by an employer and records of payments made to .
- At all reasonable times to enter any premises at which an employer to whom a wages regulation order applies carries on his business including any place need in connection with that business for giving out work.
- To inspect and copy any material part of any list of outworkers kept by an employer
- To examine, either alone, or in presence of any other person the wages of employee and there after sign a declaration of the truth of the matters n respect of which he is so examined
Determination of Wages and Salaries
- Minimum wages and conditions of employment for certain industries are imposed by the Government under the Regulation of Wages and Conditions of Employment Act (Cap 229)
- Employees are entitled to these minimum wages and conditions of employment even if their contacts of employment state otherwise
- Failing to adhere to guidelines on minimum wages and conditions of employment is a criminal offence. Penalty is Ksh 400/= and payment of the amount that is due the employee (difference between minimum wage and the actual wages)
- Employees are entitled to moneys, allowances and benefits earned while in employment, e.g. salary, accrued leave payments, bonuses, retirement benefits, e.t.c.
- Certificates of Service (testimonials) should be given if asked for
- Does not apply for casual workers whose engagement ends at the end of each day
Pay As You Earn (PAYE)
- The Income Tax Act places on employers an obligation to deduct and remit monthly, income tax for resident employees earning above Ksh 10,164/= per month. Employers are required also to tax benefits such as use of company vehicles
- Annual income tax returns should be made by employers for ALL employees whether subject to PAYE or not
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The Senate will vote on liberal Democrats’ Green New Deal plan, Republican leaders announced Tuesday, looking to force Democrats to take a stand either with or against the liberal activists pushing the plan.
“We’ll give everybody an opportunity to go on record and see how they feel about the Green New Deal,” Majority Leader Mitch McConnell announced with a mischievous grin.
He didn’t say when the vote might be held, but it’s likely to cause some headaches for Democrats who are eyeing a presidential bid and who need to try to balance competing interests within their party.
The Green New Deal is a 14-page outline of principles for reaching a net-zero carbon emission economy.
It suggests retrofitting all existing buildings to be more energy efficient, upending the country’s existing food supply, and pushing for cleaner transportation methods, while promoting economic redistribution and other social justice goals.
Freshman Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York Democrat, and Sen. Ed Markey, Massachusetts Democrat, are pushing the plan.
Mr. Markey complained Tuesday after learning that his plan would get a vote.
“Republicans don’t want to debate climate change, they only want to deny it,” he said. “They have offered no plan to address this economic and national security threat and want to sabotage any effort that makes Big Oil and corporate polluters pay.”
He didn’t say what part of the vote would be sabotage but insisted his plan has “struck a powerful chord” with average Americans.
“Republicans, climate deniers and the fossil fuel industry are going to end up on the wrong side of history,” he said.
So far, he has struggled to get backers.
Only a dozen senators and 68 House members have signed on. But seven of those senators are among those vying for the Democratic presidential nomination.
On the other side, however, is House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who has mocked the proposal as a “dream.”
Asked about the upcoming Senate vote, Minority Leader Charles E. Schumer didn’t want to talk about what Democrats would do. He said the pressure should be on Republicans, instead, to offer their plans.
“The first question Republicans should answer is what is their answer on climate change. What are they going to put forward?” he said.
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In June, the Cornell University Press will release “Religion on the Battlefield,” by Ron E. Hassner (University of California, Berkeley). The publisher’s description follows:
How does religion shape the modern battlefield? Ron E. Hassner proposes that religion acts as a force multiplier, both enabling and constraining military operations. This is true not only for religiously radicalized fighters but also for professional soldiers. In the last century, religion has influenced modern militaries in the timing of attacks, the selection of targets for assault, the zeal with which units execute their mission, and the ability of individual soldiers to face the challenge of war. Religious ideas have not provided the reasons why conventional militaries fight, but religious practices have influenced their ability to do so effectively.
In Religion on the Battlefield, Hassner focuses on the everyday practice of religion in a military context: the prayers, rituals, fasts, and feasts of the religious practitioners who make up the bulk of the adversaries in, bystanders to, and observers of armed conflicts. To show that religious practices have influenced battlefield decision making, Hassner draws most of his examples from major wars involving Western militaries. They include British soldiers in the trenches of World War I, U.S. pilots in World War II, and U.S. Marines in Iraq and Afghanistan. Hassner shows that even modern, rational, and bureaucratized military organizations have taken—and must take—religious practice into account in the conduct of war.
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Shout Out to the No. 2 Fellows
Theres no doubt that Americans have the presidency on their minds this week. Yet a new exhibit turns to an important position that is often overlooked: the vice presidency.
Presidents in Waiting, which opened Tuesday at the National Portrait Gallery, focuses on the vice presidency and how it has evolved. The exhibit specifically looks at the 14 vice presidents who succeeded to the presidency by either winning an election, moving up after the death of an incumbent or, in one case, taking the job after a resignation.
The exhibit was organized by gallery historians Sidney Hart and James Barber. It was Barbers idea to cover the vice presidency because it hadnt been done before. We thought Americans would want to think more about the vice presidency in relation to the presidency, Hart said.
As Hart and Barber pointed out, about a third of the vice presidents have become president, a majority of them sworn in after their predecessors death.
As the exhibit shows, the vice presidency has changed drastically since it was first created. The only powers of the vice presidency were to preside over the Senate and break tie votes. A letter in the exhibit from John Adams to his wife, Abigail, says the vice presidency is the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived. Yet Hart points out that Adams was still honored to have a position in such proximity to the power of the president. Ironically enough, he and George Washington were never close and discussed little, depriving Adams of extra responsibility and power that he could have been granted.
Barber discussed how the relationship between the president and vice president has changed since the mid-20th century. In the 2008 election, Americans looked to the compatibility between Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin (R), and now-President Barack Obama and now-Vice President Joseph Biden, but that was not the case in the past. Many presidents [and their vice presidents] did not like each other at all, Barber said. This was the case with Washington and Adams, as well as William Henry Harrison and John Tyler.
Before 1804, the vice presidency was not as much of a concern as it is now because the public could not vote specifically for the position. The exhibit explains that the vice presidency was awarded to the man who won the second most number of votes. The framers did not take into account the formation of political parties. The 1796 election resulted in Adams, a Federalist, and Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson as president and vice president, respectively. The pair had not only personal but also political tension. Often Jefferson would turn the Congress in opposition to Adams political agenda. The president and vice president were placed on one ticket in 1804, after the 12th Amendment was passed.
Looking at the more contemporary end of the exhibit, Hart explained how presidential mortality has been a concern for voters. Americans realized that mortality could not be promised, Hart said.
Particularly by Franklin D. Roosevelts election for his fourth term, word spread that he was not healthy and would die in office. One picture in the exhibit is of Harry Truman and Roosevelt at a White House luncheon after Truman was selected as a running mate. Afterward, Truman told the press that Roosevelt was absolutely fine and was still a strong leader. In reality, at the luncheon Truman watched a weakening Roosevelt spill cream into his saucer because of his uncontrollably shaking hand. The picture hides Roosevelts ill health very well, but rumors brought more attention to Truman as not only a vice presidential pick but also a possible president.
Despite Roosevelts ill health, he did not share that information with Truman. When the president passed away, Truman was only left with a briefing.
Hart explained Roosevelts thinking: Because of their egos, most think theyre not going to die in office. They dont think about that when picking the vice president.
Dwight Eisenhower was another president who raised mortality as an issue. His heart attack in 55 was a real concern. Eisenhower wanted to prepare for succession so it would be more precise, Hart said. This different approach in preparing a possible transition changed the role of the vice presidency by keeping Richard Nixon close and well-informed.
Over the years the vice presidential position continues to grow, but it still varies with each administration.
Its not a power position per se, former President George H.W. Bush said in the exhibits video interview. The only power you got is what the president says you should have.
That does not mean that powerful men have demurred from accepting the position. Hart indicated many strong presidents first served as second in command: Theodore Roosevelt, Truman and Nixon, to name a few.
As the vice presidency grew, so did the country. The exhibit shows the elevation and importance of not just the president but the vice president and how its connected to the U.S. becoming a world power, Hart said.
Nevertheless, not all powerful vice presidents are guaranteed a position at the head of the ship.
History does not say that will happen. You see, on this wall is Martin Van Buren, who won the election after serving under [Andrew] Jackson. The next vice president to be elected president is over here, George H.W. Bush. Thats a span of 152 years, Hart said.
In the foreseeable future, I see strong presidents and the power of the vice president derives from the president, Hart said. Of course only the president can allot what power is given to the second in command. As Hart joked, historians are not experts at predicting the future. Only time will tell.
Presidents in Waiting will be open through Jan. 3, 2010.
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“Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.” An old saying, which sounds cliche. Yet, it continues to carry truth. So truthful, that it reigns over today’s premises of beauty; challenging it, simultaneously.
Beauty truly is subjective, which means every woman is her own, unique beauty. Mainstream television and media outlets has us believing that only a select few are blessed with the gift of beauty. That their depiction of beauty is something we should aspire to. Women are punished for not representing or depicting these unrealistic standards of beauty. Its painful, devastating, and even life-threatening for many. Oddly enough, these popular definitions do not even characterize the entirety of beauty. On the contrary, beauty stays focused on the physical. The outside. The shallow. Segmented and removed from the entire picture. This monopoly of beauty stays as a fragment. A chopped and dissected part to be prized and pulled out. Displayed in a see through, glassed case. To be observed from the outside. And, never to be examined within.
The fact of the matter is that beautiful women acknowledge the different facets of beauty. Not only do they relate it to them, but they use their beauty to relate, and interconnect, to other people. Its never just about them. Beauty is expansive and moves through other people’s lives. Beauty is found in every culture, nation, and language. It is constantly flowing, and always looks to illuminate and enrichen spaces, in need of being beautified. So, now that we have gone through a more real, authentic, and humane definition of beauty, let’s see how truly beautiful women define healthy normatives of Beauty.
Embracing Every Part-the good, the bad, and the uglier
Women who accept their physical flaws bring a more humane touch to beautiful artistry. By acknowledging their personal flaws, they take us on a journey surrounding how they got to embracing those flaws. Their physical imperfections demonstrates how they build healthy foundations of self-esteem. Foundations, which may even go against the mainstream. They reveal themselves as natural women. Forget about surgeries or enhancements. They will stick to body shaping and toning, the natural way.
Make-up Is For Highlighting Their Beauty, Not For Masked Illumination
Make-up is supposed to bring out a woman’s natural beauty. Forget about packing pounds of make-up to hide what is underneath. Beautiful women treat make-up as a decorative for their natural beauty. It is not meant to hide who they are, thereby creating someone they are not. Nuf’ said.
Making Others Feel Beautiful Around Them
You can tell authentic, beautiful women because other people begin to feel comfortable in their own beauty. Beautiful women do not use beauty for vanity or self-idolation for others to worship or covet their image; thereby neglecting their own. Using one’s beauty to cause jealousy or envy is a big NO, NO in the beautiful woman’s handbook. Instead, they want to spread beautiful feelings around for other to feel loved and embracing of their own image.
Image Is Connected To Life Forms Or Activities, Reflecting Their Beauty!
When you walk into an authentically beautiful woman’s house, you are not going to see her house decked out wall-to-wall with pictures of herself. A few will do. But, wall-to-wall? No! Leave those narcissistic tendencies out the window. Instead what you are going to observe are different things telling you the type of woman she is. For example, plants, spices delicately placed on the table, artistic vases, or glass sculptures, colors, designs, or patterns, teaching you about who she is as a person. You besta’ believe that Mother Nature is included in her reflections. Her likes, hobbies, and so forth.
Beautiful women respect girl code. They cherish and protect the secrets of their Sister friends. They respect and protect the partnerships or relationships-business/professional, social, or romantic. They are trustworthy gal pals. They never use their beauty to purposefully cause harm to people. True beauties are worthy of trust!
Beautiful Women Don’t Brag About Accomplishments. They show them!
There is a silent nature about authentically beautiful women. They invest more time showing you who they are, then telling you. They are so smooth with everything, that success is as natural as drinking water.
Helping Others Is Beautiful!
Giving, volunteering, and assisting others or one’s community, is a natural essence of beauty. When helping others they don’t do it for publicity, an agenda, or add to their reasons of success. Even if media attention is drawn to their charitable works and efforts, they are still silent about other volunteer projects they are doing. They don’t toot their own horn every time they have done a good deed.
Our inner beauties are so in touch with developing that beauty on the inside, that they use fashion and style to present it on the outside. They don’t go with the latest end. In fact, they set the trend. Innovators to the core. Ever audacious and presenting their style as worthy, fashionable, trendy, and. . .beautiful. You don’t like it? Don’t look.
An Invitation For Beauty
These inner beauties, projecting it out, are approachable. They are not the popular girls, and their cliques, that made high school a nightmare. Instead, you can see them as that loving mentor or Big Sister, who always cheered us on. Who we could always talk to for advice whenever we had a problem. That’s how welcoming and nourishing their Spirits are. Beauty is not a hierarchy, or special group, in their world.
Beauty Is the Essence Of Love
Our inner beauty dames are often showing their positivity. Whether is a beautiful smile, a simple hug, a wave, gentle nod, or whatever they can do to acknowledge the presence of others. In a general sense, they put humanity, first. Because that’s the purpose of true Beauty anyhow. Making humanity, Beautiful!:)
Beauty will always be in the eyes of the beholder. It means that every woman is her unique Beauty. Which means how do we bring our personal beauty out? Its a challenge. It requires work, time, and patience. Not to mention building self-confidence. Yet, its well worth defying rigidities, hateful, and self-hating narratives (and media depictions) on how women should be. Doesn’t it simply feel good to be a woman? You beautiful woman, you!;)
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Aadrsh Nivashi Shala Pravesh Jaherat For 2022-2023
Adarsh Nivasi Shala Pravesh Jaherat 2022-23 For SC, ST, OBC Student- STD 9, 10, 11, 12, Medical, Engineering, Pharmacy, Graduation, Post Graduationesamajkalyan.gujarat.gov.in Advertisement regarding Admission in Adarsh Residential Schools run by Tribal Development Department – Adarsh Residential Schools of Secondary / Higher Secondary level are run in the state for the purpose of providing convenient education to the children of Adivasi Tribal in the academic year 2021-22. All the facilities like accommodation, meals, uniforms, textbooks are provided free of cost to the Students Admitted in these Schools.
Adarsh Nivasi Shala Pravesh JaheratSecondary education was not a thrust area during the Tenth Plan period. There were a few small schemes to enhance access and to improve quality, but the coverage was neither large nor comprehensive. The plan schemes concentrated on continuing the school systems run by autonomous organizations of MHRD and included efforts for integrated education for the disabled, girls’ education through provision of hostel facilities, use of ICT in schools,
to move towards universalisation of secondary education, which has already been achieved in a large number of developed countries and several developing countries. Paras 5.13 – 5.15 of the National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986
(as modified in 1992) deal with Secondary Education. Para 5.13 of the NPE, inter- alia, stated that, “Access to Secondary Education will be widened with emphasis on enrolment of girls, SCs and STs, particularly in science, commerce
and vocational streams
as a language for everyone.
literally requires efforts like that of learning a language and researchers say, “Earlier you start learning a language, faster you learn”, Thus, it gets extremely important for the young minds to be channelized towards prepping themselves for the digital future and the best part is Young kids can learn it faster as their developing brains are made for learning, so what can be better than empowering them to be ready for the Future, specially during their SUMMER BREAK
Parents may find it difficult to teach Coding to kids if they have experience more on traditional education. Luckily, there are plenty of ONLINE
portals, applications, institutes, programs for kids to learn the basics of the Coding
and move ahead in learning it all, that too Online, from the comfort of their home.
CODING WEBSITES are a popular choice, considering the new education policy announced and the need of learning the same, But which one is the best for your child?
There are plenty of Coding platforms for you to explore for your kids, however we have tapered it down to our favorites and best in the industry with the vision to evolve the learning system of kids!
TABLE OF CONTENT
MindBox D2H:Evolving Education with Best Designing & Coding Courses For Kids
CampK12:Code. Compete. Win
Vedantu:Learn Live Online
Cue Maths:The Math Expert
Codeshala:Coding Courses for Kids
Live Online Coding For KidsFocused on teaching Logic, structure and algorithm thinking to young kids, they conduct 1:1 classes taught by experts for kids studying in Grade 1to Grade 10. Their strong visibility in the industry makes it irresistible to not bring it along with the name Coding. The company has IIT and IB trained professionals and offers a diversity of summer courses online ranging from beginner to professional levels.
Evolving Education with Best Designing & Coding Courses For KidsWith their curriculum, they focus on creating an urge and passion to learn and know more about technology among kids aged between 6 to 16 years
Model schools on Kendriya Vidyalaya norms In view of the recommendations of the two CABE Committees on “Universalisation of Secondary Education” and “Girls’ Education & Common School System” to adopt Kendriya Vidyalaya norms in expansion of school system and for investment in schools conforming to Kendriya Vidyalaya norms, it is proposed that the high qualitymodel schools may broadly have infrastructure facilities of the same standard as in a Kendriya Vidyalaya and with stipulations on pupil teacher ratio, ICT usage, holistic educational environment, appropriate curriculum and emphasis on output and outcom
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The ruble’s exchange rate to the dollar has acted a fairly good barometer for the level of geopolitical tensions in the last two years.
The ruble has been through some wild swings since 2019 when it was trading in a band between RUB62 and RUB65 to the dollar.
The first problem struck in March 2020, when Russia walked out of talks to renew oil production cuts with OPEC. The deal was dubbed OPEC+ as Russia had been co-ordinating production with the other members, but is not a member itself. However, in March it withdrew and oil prices quickly collapsed to under $20 a barrel within a month, while the ruble slumped to RUB80 against the dollar.
Then in a painful double whammy, Moscow was put on lockdown in April as the authorities finally admitted that the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic was out of control.
The oil production crisis was eventually resolved in July and a new deal was struck that saw oil prices start to rise again and the ruble strengthen to around RUB69. However, the main driver of the exchange rate was a summit between US President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Geneva on June 16.
That was taken by the markets as a serious reduction in tensions and more importantly, a significant reduction in the chances of any new sanctions on Russia, which is what investors fear most; among the possible targets of new sanctions is the possibility of banning foreigners from owning or trading the Russian Ministry of Finance ruble-denominated OFZ treasury bills – a business worth tens of billions of dollars.
The reset didn't go so well and tensions ratcheted up again as the year came to an end even as the oil price recovered to over $40 a barrel, a price where the Russian budget breaks even.
However, while the price of oil lost 56% of its value between March and the start of May, the ruble was only down by 19% over the same period. What was propping it up was that foreign investors were flooding back into the high-yielding OFZ bonds on the promise of improved relations after the Geneva summit.
By the start of 2021 things had calmed down again and now oil was approaching $70 and Russia Inc. was booming. The stock market was on a tear in late 2019 and revisiting valuations not seen since Crimea’s annexation in 2014, and growth was strong. But geopolitical tensions flared up again as Russia started moving troops up to Ukraine’s border in March, sparking talk of a new Russian invasion.
As the showdown continued the ruble slid from around RUB72 down to at RUB77, when Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu finally announced that the soldiers would be sent home in time for the Easter holidays.
With another crisis averted the oil dynamics took over again and now the budget started running a serious surplus. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic struck in April that year but it has had a relative small impact on the exchange rate, which is more dependent on the macro fundamentals, and those were good.
Now Russia has a fresh Ukraine border crisis as reports surfaced last week of a new build-up of Russian troops close to Ukraine.
Ukraine’s Deputy Defence Minister Hanna Maliar told the Financial Times at the weekend that there are some 90,000 soldiers near Ukraine’s border and pundits have called the current situation “the most dangerous” since the 2014 annexation of Crimea.
But market participants are more sanguine, as they see the current scaremongering more as being domestically generated by conservative US political forces that are unhappy with Biden’s attempt to reset relations with Russia ahead of a second summit scheduled for the coming months.
Despite the talk of war the share of foreign investors in the OFZ market has been rising again and reached 21.6% as of September. Likewise, the RTS stock market rally that was just getting going at the start of 2020 before the double whammy put the kybosh on it also restarted in last 2020 and the RTS index touched a recent high of 1,900 – a level it has not seen for more than decade.
“The media again began to speculate on various scenarios of a military clash between Russia and Ukraine, and one of the options was that Kiev receives support from the Western countries and Nato. Russia denied such plans, and the Western military said that there was no confirmation of Moscow's preparations for a military operation – both went almost unnoticed by investors,” Vladimir Tikhomirov, the chief economist of BCS Global Markets, said in a note.
“We could speak at length about the factors and sources of mounting geopolitical tensions, but in our opinion they are directly or indirectly related to the preparation of the US-Russia summit. Even a faint hint of a potential thaw in relations between Moscow and Washington immediately provokes a sharply negative reaction in Kiev, Eastern Europe and among the anti-Russian lobby in the United States. It is not surprising that the sources of recent reports about the alleged transfer of Russian troops and preparations for an offensive in Ukraine were in Ukraine, Poland, the Baltic states, and were also associated with conservative media in the United States,” Tikhomirov added.
The ruble exchange rate highlights the lack of fear, as while it has ticked up by about 100 kopeks since the first reports appeared, it has already stabilised at around RUB72 to the dollar.
If things get worse then the ruble will start to weaken again, but for now currency traders are dismissing the talk of war as mostly hot air.
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Delta donating thousands of pounds of unused foods to health care workers, food banks
Delta Air Lines has announced the company is donating of thousands of pounds of unusable food as the coronavirus pandemic affects travel and flight services.
According to Delta's News Hub, the company is providing food donations to hospitals, food banks and other agencies across the globe to help those in need, as well as those on the front lines of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Company officials said perishable and non-perishable goods are being donated after adjustments were made to services on board aimed at reducing contact between customers and employees.
"Delta has longstanding relationships with organizations like Feeding America, a nonprofit network that helps us support numerous food banks and where employees help repack more than 2 million pounds of food annually," the company news release says. "During the pandemic, local Feeding America organizations are distributing the donations to those in need."
To date, Delta has already donated more than 200,000 pounds of perishable foods to Feeding America, along with caterers that have provided pre-packaged snacks to hospitals and health care workers.
The company has also coordinated food donations to local food banks, first responders, charities and churches.
Delta employees have also made efforts to help their own by sending fresh "Flight Fuel" boxed meals to its reservations and customer care centers to support workers responding to an increasing number of customers making changes to travel plans.
In addition to food donations, Delta officials say they've been providing free flights to medical professionals and using its aircraft interiors subsidiary, Delta Flight Products, to produce face shields to protect health care workers.
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WINDSOR LOCKS, Conn. (July 28, 2022) –
Collins Aerospace has successfully demonstrated its next generation life support systems for deep space habitation as part of a ceremonial event with NASA at its laboratory in Windsor Locks, Conn. The demonstration completes the company’s multi-year program supporting NASA’s public-private partnership enabled by the Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships-2 (NextSTEP-2)
Broad Agency Announcement, Appendix A.
Collins’ solution is a modular Air Revitalization System, which is part of the company’s Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS).
The new system was designed so its controls for temperature, CO2 removal, trace contaminants and humidity fit into a smaller pallet-based system that requires less space while providing easier access to key components. The ethernet-based system is wireless so it can link to various computers or tablets. Additionally, its interchangeable rack-based design enables customization to fit a variety of mission requirements.
“Our newly designed pallets, which look like large lockers, are about half the size of the equipment racks currently found on the International Space Station (ISS),” said Peggy Guirgis, general manager, Space Systems, ISR and Space for Collins Aerospace. “Our life support systems are arranged in these pallets in a way that makes sensors and other important components more accessible by crew members. As missions to deep space get longer, astronauts will need to service and maintain their own equipment – and we’re making sure they can do so as easily as possible.”
The new pallets will be delivered to the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., where they will be used in NASA’s Integrated ECLSS Ground Testing.
Enabling human space exploration has been a core focus of Collins Aerospace since the inception of the nation’s spaceflight program dating back to the Apollo era. As an industry leader in ECLSS for ISS and deep space, Collins has developed and manufactured several key life support system technologies for NASA and industry, including the water recovery system currently in use on the International Space Station.
About Collins Aerospace
Collins Aerospace, a Raytheon Technologies business, is a leader in technologically advanced and intelligent solutions for the global aerospace and defense industry. Collins Aerospace has the extensive capabilities, comprehensive portfolio and broad expertise to solve customers’ toughest challenges and to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving global market. For more information, visit CollinsAerospace.com
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CBD interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system
Humans have an endocannabinoid system – a vast network of receptors and cannabis-like chemicals (endocannabinoids) that regulates vital functions such as sleep, appetite, mood, memory, inflammation and reproduction.
Cannabinoid receptors are the binding locations for compounds like CBD and are found throughout the body. It used to be thought that CBD acts on these CB2 receptors, but it appears now that CBD does not act on either receptor directly. Instead, it seems to influence the body to use more of its own cannabinoids.
The anti-inflammatory properties of CBD can also control the other effects of acne because the skin around the zit is intensely inflamed. Pimples are effectively infections, and it is best to treat them as such. CBD can act as an antibacterial agent, decreasing the likelihood of further acne in the future.
One study in the British Journal of Pharmacology found that phytocannabinoids, particularly CBD and cannabigerol (CBG), can control cell proliferation and differentiation, indicating they can be used in novel treatments for skin diseases like allergies. Anecdotally, CBD oil works on warts, moles, and even HPV outbreaks because it can cause cell death in these abnormally growing cell groups, but clinical research in this area is lacking.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) has been shown to improve after treatment with hemp oil. Although the exact cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, it is suspected to be a type of allergic response, with the corresponding rash associated with inflammation of the skin.
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November 10th, 2020 - ONLINE
In order to protect our lecturers and guests we have decided to conduct the RADHARD 2020 Symposium online – free of charge!
The RADHARD-Symposium 2020 was going to focus on radiation hardness assurance topics:
- SmallSats and COTS Components Testing
- Practical Aspects of Radiation Hardness Assurance
- Radiation Hardness Testing with Laser Systems
International experts were going to present new results and highlighting reviews.
The RADHARD-Symposium is aimed at space systems integrators, EEE manufacturers, stakeholders from industry, research and science as well as students interested in radiation effects.
The online event is organised by Seibersdorf Laboratories, supported by the Federal Ministry Republic of Austria, Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), and AUSTROSPACE, in liaison with Graz University of Technology, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt (FHWN), and with RADECS.
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American Abolitionism: Its Direct Political Impact from Colonial Times Into Reconstruction
This ambitious book provides the only systematic examination of the American abolition movement's direct impacts on antislavery politics from colonial times to the Civil War and after. As opposed to indirect methods such as propaganda, sermons, and speeches at protest meetings, Stanley Harrold focuses on abolitionists' political tactics--petitioning, lobbying, establishing bonds with sympathetic politicians--and on their disruptions of slavery itself.
Harrold begins with the abolition movement's relationship to politics and government in the northern American colonies and goes on to evaluate its effect in a number of crucial contexts--the U.S. Congress during the 1790s, the Missouri Compromise, the struggle over slavery in Illinois during the 1820s, and abolitionist petitioning of Congress during that same decade. He shows how the rise of "immediate" abolitionism, with its emphasis on moral suasion, did not diminish direct abolitionists' impact on Congress during the 1830s and 1840s. The book also addresses abolitionists' direct actions against slavery itself, aiding escaped or kidnapped slaves, which led southern politicians to demand the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, a major flashpoint of antebellum politics. Finally, Harrold investigates the relationship between abolitionists and the Republican Party through the Civil War and Reconstruction.
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Machine learning is one of the most influential and rapidly growing fields in all of computer technology. If you’re interested in getting into machine learning, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with the basic concepts relevant to the field, like algorithms, variables, and different types of model analysis. While there is much more to learn than what is covered in this article, this brief crash course in machine learning will provide you with some definitions/intuitions regarding machine learning’s core concepts.
What Is Machine Learning?
Let’s start off by defining machine learning. After all, it is difficult to learn more about the field if you don’t even understand what the term “machine learning” means. Put simply, machine learning is the process of enabling a computer to carry out a task without being explicitly programmed to do so. Instead of writing out each individual line of code necessary to carry out an algorithm, a machine learning specialist will create a system that takes some data as an input, learns the patterns of that data, and then outputs a decision about what to do with that data. The computer analyzes patterns in the data and “learns” how the input data is related to the output data, so it can generalize this pattern to new data in the future.
Defining Features And Labels
A machine learning system has three components:
Machine learning literature frequently talks about features and labels, but what are these concepts? Features are parts of the input data, and they can be considered the variables of interest for the machine learning task, the variables the system will analyze to learn patterns. The outputs of the system are the labels. They’re the prediction that the model has made about the class to which the input data belongs.
Two Types Of Machine Learning: Supervised And Unsupervised
There are two different types of machine tasks, unsupervised learning and supervised learning. What is the difference? The primary difference between supervised and unsupervised learning is that the former has the data the network is learning about labeled with a ground truth, while the latter does not. To put this another way, in supervised learning the correct output values for a set of inputs is known, but in unsupervised learning the output values are not known, so the goal of the two types of learning differs.
In supervised learning, the goal of training a model is to determine some function that best represents the relationship between the input data and observable output data, to find a model that minimizes the error between the ground truth and the model’s prediction. In contrast, the point of an unsupervised learning algorithm is that it must infer the relationship between many different data points, as it doesn’t have access to labeled outputs.
The primary use for supervised learning algorithms is classification, which is done when input labels need to be linked to output labels, or for regression when inputs need to be mapped to a series of continuous outputs. By contrast, unsupervised learning is usually applied to tasks such as representation learning, clustering, and density estimation. These tasks require the model to determine the structure of the data even though it isn’t explicitly labeled.
Understanding Common Supervised Learning Algorithms
Some of the most common algorithms for supervised learning include:
- Naïve Bayes
- Support Vector Machines
- Logistic Regression
- Random Forests
- Artificial Neural Networks.
Let’s take a closer look at each of these algorithms.
Support Vector Machines
A support vector machine groups data points into different classes by drawing a line between different data point clusters. The data points found on one side of the line belong to a specific class, while those found on the other side of the line belong to another. The distance from the line of separation to the points on either side of it represents the classifier’s confidence about which point belongs to which class, and the classifier tries to maximize the distance between the line and the points found on both sides of the line.
Logistic regression is an algorithm that makes predictions about points in the testing data, giving them a binary label, labeling them either one or zero. If the value of a data point is 0.5 or above it is classified as belonging to Class 1, while 0.49 or below the classifier labels it 0. Logistic regression is appropriate for instances when there is a linear relationship between the data points.
Decision Trees/Random Forests
Decision trees work by dividing a data set into increasingly smaller subsets based on different sorting criteria. With every division of the data set, a new subset is created and the number of examples in any given subset gets smaller. After the network divides the data up into categories containing single data points, these examples are classified according to an assigned key. This is the way a single Decision Tree classifier works, and the Random Forests classifier is made by linking many Decision Tree classifiers together.
The Naïve Bayes classifier calculates the probability that some event, or data point, will occur based on some prior event occurring. The Naïve Bayes classifier places data points in classes according to the probability it assigns them, once more based upon some input event. The assumption of a Naïve Bayes classifier is that all the predictors of the class have the same weight/influence on the outcome of that class, that the predictors are not dependent on one another.
Artificial Neural Network
An artificial neural network (ANN) is a system inspired by the human brain. ANNs are made up of different layers of “neurons” connected together, each neuron representing a mathematical function. There is an input layer, an output layer, and a “hidden” layer in the middle. This hidden layer is where the learning happens, with the data being manipulated by many mathematical functions joined together, capable of learning more complex patterns than other algorithms.
Learning About Unsupervised Algorithms
The most frequently used algorithms in unsupervised learning tasks include:
- K-means clustering
- Principal Component Analysis
The goal of K-means Clustering is to separate data points into groups of distinct clusters. This uncovers underlying patterns that make data points in one cluster more similar to each other than they are to points in another cluster.
The number of desired clusters/classes is chosen by the user and the algorithm starts off by placing the corresponding number of “centroids” (or hypothetical centers) for the cluster. After the centroids are placed, different assignments of the points in the dataset are tried. The algorithm looks to minimize the distance from assigned points to the centroids, finishing when it has found the centroid placement with the shortest distance to the points surrounding them.
Principal Component Analysis
Principal Component Analysis is a technique for unsupervised learning that reduces the dimensionality of the data, “squeezing” the data down into a smaller feature space. This is helpful because it retains the relationships between the original data points, like distance from one another, but the points are now in a much smaller/easier to analyze space.
The act of deriving the “principal components” means that new features for the dataset can be generated, features which make unsupervised learning easier.
Autoencoders are special applications of neural networks useful when conducting unsupervised learning tasks. Autoencoders take unlabeled inputs and encode them into a form the network can use.
The autoencoder tries to reconstruct the inputs as accurately as possible, so it must try to determine which features are the most important. This means that the autoencoder extracts the most relevant features from unlabeled data, or to put that another way, they label their own training data.
Types Of Analysis
After you have decided on an algorithm to use and applied it to your training and testing data, how can you determine how well your model is performing? Analysis is where metrics come in.
The metric you should use depends on the type of learning problem you’re attempting. Common analysis types for classification tasks:
Classification accuracy gives you the number of correct predictions divided by the total number of predictions. Classification accuracy is commonly used since it is so simple, but it works best when the number of examples per class is roughly equivalent.
The confusion matrix is a chart that displays the accuracy of your model over your total number of classes. Confusion matrices can be a little hard to interpret, but the predictions are on the X-axis and the actual accuracy on the y-axis, with the correct predictions running a diagonal from top left to bottom right.
A classification report delivers the Recall, Precision and f1-Score metrics, and it’s one of the most useful evaluation methods as it returns multiple types of valuable information.
Common analysis types for regression tasks:
MAE is the average of the total difference between actual values and predictions, while MSE is very similar, the difference being that you can take the square root of MSE and convert them back to the original output. The r-squared metric gives a “goodness of fit”, where 0 is complete error and 1 is a perfect fit.
In terms of unsupervised learning, there are no standardized metrics because the success of an unsupervised learning algorithm is subjective. That said, some common practices include visualizing the output data to look for trends or using generated features in a clustering task to see how they represent data relationships.
To summarize, machine learning has two types of tasks: unsupervised learning and supervised learning. Each learning type has its own algorithms and metrics of analysis.
Machine learning is a powerful technology and a rapidly growing field. If you are interested in taking your study of machine learning further, Andrew Ng’s machine learning course on Coursera or the Udacity Intro to Machine Learning course both provide excellent coverage of machine learning algorithms, variables, and forms of analysis.
Join the Kambria Content Challenge
Want more tech content? Visit kambria.io/blog. Or better yet, participate in the Kambria Content Challenge and share your insight and expertise with our growing developer community. You could receive over $200 for the best submission. For complete details about our Content Challenge, click here.
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This week’s Courier Herald column:
When I first wrote on the economic consequences of our Covid response there was the assumption that the shutdown of our state and nation’s economy would be relatively short. It was expected to be measured in weeks, not months. The original goal wasn’t to perfectly defeat the disease, but to “flatten the curve” with respect to healthcare capacity.
The debate on the length and breadth of shutdowns continues, now with some hindsight. The debate in front of us also remains one of economic consequences and government response. As with all economic models, the assumptions we start with will have a direct bearing on the policies we choose and the eventual results.
We should first acknowledge that we didn’t shut down the entire economy. Far from it.
Record earnings results this week from big box retailers have been a complementary bookend to earlier results from new economy technology companies. The stock market, rocked by a sharp selloff in March, is again setting record highs here in August.
Market analysts spent much of the intervening months debating about whether we would have a “V-shaped” recovery verses a “U-shaped” recovery. That’s economist geek speak for whether we would have a steep, quick recovery or a slower return to normal.
If you look at the stock market, there’s a case that the recovery has been the superior “V-shaped”. If you look at this month’s unemployment report for July with more than 10% of Americans out of work, you could argue that we’re more likely in a slower, “U-shaped” path to normal.
To understand the discrepancy between the positive numbers coming from Wall Street and retail companies alongside severe unemployment numbers, there’s another letter that likely better illustrates where we are, and that is “K”.
A “K-shaped” recovery is one of divergence. It is one where those best positioned for Covid induced closures are thriving, whereas those in the hardest hit industries and those who were already struggling prior to Covid have seen their problems magnified.
Tech companies have said that they’ve been able to achieve five years’ worth of adoption of customers to their new platforms in a matter of weeks. This ranges from e-commerce to work from home technology to telemedicine.
For every winner in this field, there is someone or something that is no longer needed. While many of the economic effects of Covid may be temporary, we must also be realistic that many of these jobs and companies will not be coming back.
Malls were struggling before they were forced to shut down due to the pandemic. As they stood shuttered, stimulus money in the form of direct payments to most Americans and $600 per week enhanced unemployment benefits created additional dollars ready to be spent.
Businesses with e-commerce platforms and “big box” retailers deemed essential were able to harvest those dollars while many mom and pop retails remained closed. The “pull forward” of positive growth for some companies and industries may have also pulled forward the probably inevitable demise of some.
We’ve moved on from the initial shock of the pandemic and are settling back into a more typical zone of discomfort. A Congress that was able to pass relief bills spending trillions by unanimous and nearly unanimous bipartisan votes has recessed in gridlock, unable to agree on the extension of programs deemed essential just months ago.
That’s not completely a bad thing, as those who personally feel like the recovery is “V-shaped” probably don’t need direct payments from the government. Not all of us have had this good fortune, however.
The positive economic news and strong consumer spending are something that should be celebrated in recognition that our immediate macroeconomic fortune could have been much worse right now. At the same time, far too many are experiencing microeconomic realities that demand careful policy choices in the weeks and months to come.
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What is in this leaflet
This leaflet answers some common questions about Jardiamet.
It does not contain all the available information.
It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist.
All medicines have risks and benefits. Your doctor has weighed the risks of you taking Jardiamet against the benefits they expect it will have for you.
If you have any concerns about taking this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
This leaflet was last updated on the date at the end of this leaflet. More recent information may be available. The latest Consumer Medicine Information is available from your pharmacist, doctor, or from www.medicines.org.au and may contain important information about the medicine and its use of which you should be aware.
Keep this leaflet with the medicine. You may need to read it again.
What Jardiamet is used for
Jardiamet is used to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
It may be used when diet plus exercise do not provide adequate blood sugar level control either:
- alone as a single medicine, or
- in combination with certain other anti-diabetic medicines such as:
If you have type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, empagliflozin (one of the active ingredients in Jardiamet) can be used to reduce your risk of dying from your cardiovascular disease.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM. Type 2 diabetes develops if the body does not make enough insulin, or if the insulin that your body makes does not work as well as it should.
Insulin is a substance which helps to lower the level of sugar in your blood, especially after meals.
When the level of sugar builds up in your blood, this can cause damage to the body's cells and lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, circulation or kidneys.
How Jardiamet works
Jardiamet contains two different active ingredients:
- empagliflozin, which belongs to a group of medicines called SGLT2 (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2) inhibitors, and
- metformin, which belongs to a class of medicines called biguanides.
Both medicines work together to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing the amount of glucose expelled in urine, and lowering the amount of sugar made by your body.
Lowering and controlling blood sugar may help prevent or delay complications of diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney disease, blindness and foot amputation.
Along with diet and exercise, this medicine helps lower your blood sugar.
Your doctor may have prescribed Jardiamet to replace the anti-diabetic medicine(s) you are currently taking. It is important that you continue to follow the diet and/or exercises recommended for you while you are on treatment with Jardiamet.
Ask your doctor if you have any questions about why this medicine has been prescribed for you. Your doctor may have prescribed it for another reason.
This medicine is available only with a doctor's prescription. It is not addictive.
Before you take Jardiamet
When you must not take it
Do not take Jardiamet if you have an allergy to:
- any medicine containing empagliflozin or metformin (the active ingredients in Jardiamet)
- any of the other ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet.
Some of the symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:
- shortness of breath
- wheezing or difficulty breathing
- swelling of the face, lips, tongue or other parts of the body
- rash, itching or hives on the skin.
Do not take Jardiamet if you:
- have any type of metabolic acidosis such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis (a symptom of uncontrolled diabetes, in which substances called ketone bodies build up in the blood - you may notice this as an unusual fruity odour on your breath, difficulty breathing, confusion and frequent urination)
- have had a diabetic pre-coma
- have problems with your kidneys
- have problems with your liver
- have a severe infection
- are dehydrated
- are treated for acute heart failure or have recently had a heart attack
- have severe problems with your circulation (such as shock)
- have severe breathing difficulties
- have blood clots in the lungs (symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain and a fast heart rate)
- have significant blood loss
- have gangrene
- have inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), symptoms include severe upper stomach pain, often with nausea and vomiting
- drink excessive alcohol (all the time or “binge” drinking).
Talk to your doctor about when to stop taking Jardiamet and when to start taking it again if you:
- are going to have an X-ray where you will be injected with an iodinated contrast (dye)
- are planning to have surgery (including where the use of insulin is essential).
Do not take this medicine if you are pregnant or intending to become pregnant. It may affect your developing baby if you take it during pregnancy.
Do not breastfeed if you are taking this medicine. Metformin, one of the active ingredients in Jardiamet passes into human breast milk and could affect your baby. It is not known whether the active ingredient, empagliflozin passes into human breast milk.
Do not give this medicine to a child under the age of 18 years. Safety and effectiveness in children younger than 18 years has not been established.
Do not take this medicine after the expiry date printed on the pack or if the packaging is torn or shows signs of tampering. If it has expired or is damaged, return it to your pharmacist for disposal.
If you are not sure whether you should start taking this medicine, talk to your doctor.
Before you start to take it
Discard any other medicines containing metformin or empagliflozin that your doctor might have prescribed to you in the past and that you may still have in your possession. Jardiamet contains empagliflozin and metformin. If you have more than one metformin-containing medicine in your possession you may accidentally take too much (overdose). Accidentally taking too much metformin can cause a very serious side effect called lactic acidosis.
ACCIDENTAL METFORMIN OVERDOSING IS A SIGNIFICANT SAFETY RISK.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure if you have any other medicines containing metformin.
Metformin is sold under many different brand names in Australia.
Your doctor or pharmacist will know which other medicines also contain metformin.
Tell your doctor if you have allergies to any other medicines, foods, preservatives or dyes.
Tell your doctor if you have type 1 diabetes, a condition where your body does not produce insulin. Jardiamet should not be used to treat type 1 diabetes.
Tell your doctor if you are sick, have diarrhoea or fever, or if you are not able to eat or drink. These conditions can cause dehydration. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking Jardiamet until you recover to prevent loss of too much body fluid.
Tell your doctor if you have a serious infection of the kidney or the urinary tract with fever. Your doctor may ask you to stop taking Jardiamet until you have recovered.
Tell your doctor if you have heart problems, history of low blood pressure, or are 75 years of age or older. Increased passing of urine due to the medicine may affect fluid balance in your body and increase your risk of dehydration.
Tell your doctor if you are 85 years of age or older. You should not start taking Jardiamet if you are over 85 years of age.
If you have not told your doctor about any of the above, tell him/her before you start taking Jardiamet.
Taking other medicines
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, including any that you get without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food shop.
Some medicines and Jardiamet may interfere with each other. These include:
- an antibiotic medicine used to treat certain infections such as tuberculosis (rifampicin)
- a medicine used to treat reflux and ulcers (cimetidine)
- medicines used to treat diseases that involve inflammation, like asthma and arthritis (corticosteroids)
- specific medicines for the treatment of high blood pressure (ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers)
- medicines used to prevent blood clots, such as warfarin
- medicines which increase urine production (diuretics)
- some medicines used to treat asthma (salbutamol or terbutaline)
- medicines used to relieve pain, swelling and other symptoms of inflammation (NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, meloxicam, naproxen or piroxicam, and selective COX II inhibitors such as celecoxib, parecoxib, etoricoxib)
- iodinated contrast agents (which you may receive while having an X-ray)
- alcohol-containing medicines
- a medicine used in people with multiple sclerosis, and in young children to treat some types of seizures (fits) (tetracosactrin)
- a medicine used to treat endometriosis (danazol)
- a medicine used to treat schizophrenia and other mental illnesses (chlorpromazine)
- medicines used in the treatment of HIV and chronic hepatitis C infections (dolutegravir, daclatasvir)
- medicines used in the treatment of certain cancers (crizotinib, olaparib, vandetanib)
- medicines used to control fits (seizures), chronic pain or glaucoma (topiramate, zonisamide, acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide).
These medicines may be affected by Jardiamet or may affect how well it works. You may need different amounts of your medicines, or you may need to take different medicines.
Your doctor, pharmacist or diabetes educator can tell you what to do if you are taking any of these medicines. They also have more information on medicines to be careful with or avoid while taking this medicine.
How to take Jardiamet
Follow all directions given to you by your doctor or pharmacist carefully. They may differ from the information contained in this leaflet.
If you do not understand the instructions on the box, ask your doctor or pharmacist for help.
How much to take
Your doctor will tell you how many Jardiamet tablets to take and how often you should take them.
The usual dose is one Jardiamet tablet twice daily.
Take Jardiamet exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you.
How to take it
Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water during or after meals. This will lessen the chance of a stomach upset.
When to take it
Take your medicine at about the same time each day. Taking it at the same time each day will have the best effect. It will also help you remember when to take it.
How long to take it
It is important that you take Jardiamet every day.
Continue taking your medicine for as long as your doctor tells you.
This medicine helps to control your condition, but does not cure it. It is important to keep taking your medicine even if you feel well.
If you forget to take it
If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the dose you missed and take your next dose when you are meant to.
Otherwise, take it as soon as you remember, and then go back to taking your medicine as you would normally.
Do not take a double dose to make up for the dose that you missed. This may increase the chance of you getting an unwanted side effect.
If you are not sure what to do, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
If you have trouble remembering to take your medicine, ask your pharmacist for some hints.
If you take too much (overdose)
Immediately telephone your doctor or the Poisons Information Centre (telephone 13 11 26) for advice, or go to Emergency at the nearest hospital, if you think that you or anyone else may have taken too much Jardiamet. Do this even if there are no signs of discomfort or poisoning. You may need urgent medical attention.
While you are taking Jardiamet
Things you must do
If you are about to be started on any new medicine, remind your doctor and pharmacist that you are taking Jardiamet.
Tell any other doctors, dentists, and pharmacists who treat you that you are taking this medicine.
Talk to your doctor about when to stop taking Jardiamet and when to start taking it again if you are about to have surgery or an examination such as an X-ray or scan requiring an injection of iodinated contrast (dye).
If you are intending to become pregnant or are pregnant talk to your doctor about alternative medications to control your blood glucose level. It is important your blood glucose levels are as close to normal as possible at this time.
If you are about to have any blood tests, tell your doctor that you are taking this medicine. It may interfere with the results of some tests.
Keep all of your doctor's appointments so that your progress can be checked. Your doctor may want to perform blood tests to check your kidneys and vitamin B12 levels while you are taking Jardiamet.
Follow your doctor's and/or dietician's advice on diet, drinking alcohol and exercise. Diet and exercise can help your body use its blood sugar better. It is important to stay on the diet and exercise program recommended by your doctor while taking Jardiamet.
Make sure you check your blood glucose regularly. This is the best way to tell if your diabetes is being controlled properly. Your doctor or diabetes educator will show you how and when to do this.
Check your feet regularly and see your doctor if you notice any problems. Follow any other advice regarding foot care given by your doctor.
Tell your doctor if you become ill or dehydrated, or experience stress, injury, fever, infection, or need surgery. Your blood glucose may become difficult to control at these times. You may also be at greater risk of developing a serious condition called lactic acidosis or diabetic ketoacidosis. During these times, your doctor may temporarily replace Jardiamet with insulin.
Make sure that you, your friends, family and work colleagues can recognise the symptoms of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia and know how to treat them.
Jardiamet does not normally cause hypoglycaemia, although you may experience it if you take certain other medicines.
Signs of hypoglycaemia may include:
- weakness, trembling or shaking
- light-headedness, dizziness, headache or lack of concentration
- irritability, tearfulness or crying
- numbness around the lips and tongue.
If not treated quickly, these symptoms may progress to:
- loss of co-ordination
- slurred speech
- fits or loss of consciousness.
At the first signs of hypoglycaemia, you need to raise your blood glucose quickly.
You can do this by taking one of the following:
- 5-7 jelly beans
- 3 teaspoons of sugar or honey
- half a can of non-diet soft drink
- 2-3 concentrated glucose tablets.
Unless you are within 10 to 15 minutes of your next meal or snack, follow up with extra carbohydrates such as plain biscuits, fruit or milk. Taking this extra carbohydrate will prevent a second drop in your blood glucose level.
If you notice the return of any signs of hyperglycaemia, contact your doctor immediately. The risk of hyperglycaemia is increased in the following situations:
- uncontrolled diabetes
- illness, infection or stress
- taking less Jardiamet than prescribed
- taking certain other medicines
- too little exercise
- eating more carbohydrates than normal.
Things you must not do
Do not take Jardiamet to treat any other complaints unless your doctor tells you to.
Do not give your medicine to anyone else, even if they have the same condition as you.
Do not stop taking your medicine or lower the dosage without checking with your doctor.
Things to be careful of
Be careful driving or operating machinery until you know how Jardiamet affects you.
When taken with other anti-diabetic medicines, such as sulfonylurea or insulin, your risk of getting low blood sugar is higher.
This may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, tiredness, drowsiness in some people. Low blood glucose levels may also slow your reaction time and affect your ability to drive or operate machinery.
If you have any of these symptoms, do not drive, operate machinery or do anything else that could be dangerous.
Be careful when doing any of the following things, which may increase the risk of your blood glucose becoming too low:
- drinking alcohol
- not eating enough
- doing unexpected or vigorous exercise.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible if you do not feel well while you are taking Jardiamet.
This medicine helps most people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people.
All medicines can have side effects. Sometimes they are serious, most of the time they are not. You may need medical attention if you get some of the side effects.
Do not be alarmed by the following lists of side effects. You may not experience any of them.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist to answer any questions you may have.
If you take Jardiamet, you may be at a greater risk of genital infections and urinary tract infections.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you notice any of the following and they worry you:
- genital burning, redness, pain and discharge which may be signs of a genital yeast infection
- passing more urine than normal
- loss in appetite
- loss of taste
- diarrhoea or stomach ache
- feeling sick (nausea), vomiting
The above list includes the more common side effects of your medicine. They are usually mild and short-lived.
Tell your doctor as soon as possible if you notice any of the following:
- burning sensation when passing urine
- urine that appears cloudy
- pain in the pelvis, or mid-back pain
- straining or pain when passing urine
- unusual thirst
- light-headedness, or dizziness upon standing
- fainting or loss of consciousness.
The above list includes serious side effects that may require medical attention. Serious side effects are rare.
Tell your doctor immediately if you notice any of the symptoms of low blood sugar such as:
- flushing or paleness
- a fast pounding heartbeat.
Low blood sugar may occur in patients who already take another medication to treat diabetes, such as a sulfonylurea or insulin. The dose of your sulfonylurea or insulin medicine may need to be reduced while taking Jardiamet.
Tell your doctor immediately if you experience pain or tenderness, itching, swelling in the genital or back passage area, fever or are generally feeling unwell. These may be symptoms of a serious and life-threatening infection called Fournier's gangrene. Your doctor may tell you to stop taking Jardiamet.
Tell your doctor immediately if you experience swelling of the penis that makes it difficult to pull back the skin around the tip of the penis (uncircumcised men).
Tell your doctor immediately or go to Emergency if you notice any of the following:
- sudden onset of hives, itching or skin rash
- swelling of the face, lips or tongue which may lead to difficulty swallowing or breathing.
Tell your doctor immediately or go to Emergency if you notice any of the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis such as:
- rapid weight loss
- feeling sick or being sick
- stomach pain
- excessive thirst
- fast and deep breathing
- unusual sleepiness or tiredness
- a sweet smell to your breath, a sweet or metallic taste in your mouth or a different odour to your urine or sweat.
In rare cases, empagliflozin, one of the active substances in Jardiamet can cause a serious side effect called diabetic ketoacidosis.
Stop taking Jardiamet if you get any of the following symptoms of lactic acidosis and go to Emergency immediately:
- feeling cold (especially in your arms and legs)
- feeling very weak, tired
- feeling light-headed, dizzy
- severe nausea or vomiting
- feeling uncomfortable
- muscle pain
- abdominal pain
- unexplained weight loss
- irregular heartbeat
- rapid or difficult breathing.
In rare cases, metformin, one of the active substances in Jardiamet can cause a serious side effect called lactic acidosis.
This is a medical emergency that can cause death. It is caused by build-up of lactic acid in your blood.
The above list includes very serious side effects. You may need urgent medical attention or hospitalisation. These side effects are very rare.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you notice anything that is making you feel unwell.
Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some people.
Some of these side effects can only be found when your doctor does tests from time to time to check your progress.
After using Jardiamet
Keep your tablets in the pack until it is time to take them. If you take the tablets out of the pack they may not keep well.
Keep your tablets in a cool dry place where the temperature stays below 30°C.
Do not store Jardiamet or any other medicine in the bathroom or near a sink. Do not leave it on a window sill or in the car. Heat and dampness can destroy some medicines.
Keep it where children cannot reach it. A locked cupboard at least one-and-a-half metres above the ground is a good place to store medicines.
If your doctor tells you to stop taking this medicine or the expiry date has passed, ask your pharmacist what to do with any medicine that is left over.
What it looks like
- Jardiamet 5 mg/500 mg tablets are orange yellow, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets. One side is debossed with the Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and "S5" the other side is debossed with "500".
- Jardiamet 5 mg/850 mg tablets are yellowish white, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets. One side is debossed with Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and "S5", the other side is debossed with "850".*
- Jardiamet 5 mg/1000 mg tablets are brownish yellow, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets. One side is debossed with Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and "S5", the other side is debossed with "1000".
- Jardiamet 12.5 mg/500 mg tablets pale brownish purple, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets. One side is debossed with Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and "S12", the other side is debossed with "500".
- Jardiamet 12.5 mg/850 mg tablets are pinkish white, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets. One side is debossed with Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and "S12", the other side is debossed with "850".*
- Jardiamet 12.5 mg/1000 mg tablets are dark brownish purple, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets. One side is debossed with Boehringer Ingelheim company symbol and "S12", the other side is debossed with "1000".
Jardiamet is available in blister packs containing 14 (sample) and 60 tablets.
* Not distributed in Australia.
Each Jardiamet 5 mg/500 mg tablet contains 5 mg empagliflozin and 500 mg metformin hydrochloride.
Each Jardiamet 5 mg/850 mg tablet contains 5 mg empagliflozin and 850 mg metformin hydrochloride.
Each Jardiamet 5 mg/1000 mg tablet contains 5 mg empagliflozin and 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride.
Each Jardiamet 12.5 mg/500 mg tablet contains 12.5 mg empagliflozin and 500 mg metformin hydrochloride.
Each Jardiamet 12.5 mg/850 mg tablet contains 12.5 mg empagliflozin and 850 mg metformin hydrochloride.
Each Jardiamet 12.5 mg/1000 mg tablet contains 12.5 mg empagliflozin and 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride.
- maize starch
- colloidal anhydrous silica
- magnesium stearate.
- titanium dioxide
- macrogol 400
- purified talc
- iron oxide yellow (5 mg/500 mg, 5 mg/850 mg, 5 mg/1000 mg tablets)
- iron oxide black (12.5 mg/500 mg, 12.5 mg/850 mg, 12.5 mg/1000 mg tablets)
- iron oxide red (12.5 mg/500 mg, 12.5 mg/850 mg, 12.5 mg/1000 mg tablets).
This medicine does not contain lactose, sucrose, gluten, tartrazine or any other azo dyes.
Jardiamet is supplied in Australia by:
Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Limited
ABN 52 000 452 308
This Consumer Medicine Information was updated in October 2021.
® Jardiamet is a registered trade mark of Boehringer Ingelheim.
© Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Limited 2021.
Australian Registration Numbers
Jardiamet 5 mg/500 mg
(AUST R 229815)
Jardiamet 5 mg/850 mg
(AUST R 229816)
Jardiamet 5 mg/1000 mg
(AUST R 229817)
Jardiamet 12.5 mg/500 mg
(AUST R 229818)
Jardiamet 12.5 mg/850 mg
(AUST R 229819)
Jardiamet 12.5 mg/1000 mg
(AUST R 229820)
Published by MIMS December 2021
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Norwegian Free Iraq Committee
9th of April 50 people gathered in Oslo to commemorate the two-year
anniversary of the seizure of Baghdad and the yearly anniversary of
the Nazi occupation of Norway.
"What unites Iraq and WWII is the lies", said more than 90-year old
war veteran Roald Halvorsen, who was a part of the communist
resistance in Norway against the German occupation. The war hero
addressed the public in a strong speech, explaining how the bourgeois
and the reactionaries always will try to portray resistance against
fascism in lies, as happened in Norway as well as in Iraq today.
Further the seminar was addressed by Jon Børge Hansen from The United
Nations Association of Norway (UNA Norway) who explained why the
resistance in Iraq is a legitimate resistance and how the security
council is violating international law in its support of the
Anglo-American occupation. Also Børge Hanssen compared todays
situation in Iraq and the "Iraqi government" with the Vichy regime in
France during WWII.
Also the Free Iraq committee held its first annual general meeting in Oslo.
It was decided to mobilize against the NATO-summit in à…re, Sweden. The
aim is to bring the voice of the resistance there. This occasion is
important to signal the support of the Iraqi resistance, also in
Scandinavia, and Sweden, a country which hosts a number of Free Iraq
Further it was decided to extend the committee`s collection of funds
also to include "nida al-watan" (the voice of the homeland), paper of
the Iraqi Patriotic Alliance.
Komiteà©n for et fritt Irak
The Norwegian Free Iraq Committee
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| 0.950465
| 389
| 1.625
| 2
|
The COVID-19 recession is playing out as a tale of two economies.
On one hand, there is the plight of low-income wage earners. Toward the end of the decade-long U.S. economic expansion, these workers started finding some financial stability. Unemployment had hit record lows, and wages had begun climbing modestly for men and women of all races. The pandemic ended all that.
Since April, nonwhite lower-wage workers, particularly women, have been disproportionately impacted by the pandemic-induced recession. While the overall unemployment rate registered 7.9% last month, for black workers it stood at 12.1% and for Hispanics it hit 10.3%. Women of all races have endured a higher unemployment rate than men and are leaving the workforce at a concerning rate.
On the other hand, highly educated and well-off workers have already made a rapid rebound and are largely prospering during the COVID-19 recession. Household wealth, home value and the stock market are back near record highs.
This dichotomy is striking and could hinder the economy’s long-term recovery because job gains by the working class are essential to sustainable growth. Fortunately, the Federal Reserve is addressing the problem.
In August, the Fed issued new monetary-policy guidance that emphasizes employment concerns over possible inflation growth. Essentially, this is code indicating the Fed is willing to tolerate an inflation rate above 2% in order to support the economic recovery and restore employment to pre-pandemic 2019 levels.
So why is the Fed willing to relax its role in managing inflation? Because that’s no longer the biggest problem the U.S. economy faces. The monster these days is a pandemic that has wiped out all the benefits of a strong labor force and is disproportionately affecting the lowest wage earners. The Fed is taking a chance that allowing higher inflation during the recovery will result in more lower-wage earners being brought back into the economy with jobs that can be sustained. Can the Fed do this without accelerating inflation too much and being forced to slow the economy which would impact the very people it is trying to help? This is new territory for the Fed, and only time will tell if its plan works.
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| 2
|
The European Hare (Lepus europaeus) as a Biomonitor of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) Occurrence in the Agro Biotope of Vojvodina, Serbia
MetadataShow full item record
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of two heavy metals, lead and cadmium, in European hare liver samples, collected in agro biotope of northern Serbian province Vojvodina. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) do not have any biological function in the animal body; however, they can be found due to the pollution in the environment. For the purpose of this study, in 196 samples from 17 different locations hare livers were analyzed for the occurrence of lead and cadmium. All samples were taken from hares harvested during the regular hunting season. The average value for lead in all analyzed samples was 884 µg/kg fresh weight (fw), with the range 59–3700 µg/kg fw. Only samples from two locations had the average concentration of lead which was within the permitted limit by the Serbian regulation. The average cadmium level in all samples was 243 µg/kg fw. The range of all samples was from 0 to 1414 µg/kg fw. Our research indicates that out of two investigated ...heavy metals, the occurrence of lead is more common and at a higher concentration in the agricultural development region of Vojvodina.
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| 0.954436
| 398
| 2.765625
| 3
|
Ranch manager shoots bear that attacked goats south of Steamboat
Humble Ranch manager Jay Trousil woke up at 2 a.m. Saturday, July 15, to the sound of screaming goats.
He grabbed his gun and ran outside before encountering a bear mauling a 200-pound goat. He shot the bear three times with a .45-70 rifle.
The bear, which Trousil said was estimated to be about 425 pounds, was a familiar foe. Trousil said the bear, identified by a white heart-shaped mark on his chest, had been to the Humble Ranch before, killing two goats over the last two years.
Trousil reported the incidents to Colorado Parks and Wildlife and was issued rubber slugs. He had since shot the bear twice with the rubber slugs, and chased it off with a car, but had not yet seen the bear this summer until last week.
Nevertheless, Trousil was ready when the animal did return. On the most recent occasion, the bear killed three goats, bringing his total number of victims at Humble Ranch to five.
“We could have shot him a couple times prior to this, but we tried to use rubber slugs to deter him,” Trousil said. “It’s not fun to shoot bears in that circumstance. … It’s unfortunate that’s how it happened.”
Black bears are omnivores, meaning they eat plants and animals. According to CPW, 90% of a black bear’s diet consists of grasses, berries, fruits, nuts and plants, with the remaining percentage generally being insects and scavenged carcasses.
Because the bear was actively killing a goat, Trousil was within his rights to shoot the animal.
“When (bears) are in the act of killing livestock, (people) are allowed to defend their livestock,” said Josh Dilley, assistant area wildlife manager for CPW.
- Black is a species, not a color. In Colorado, many black bears are blonde, cinnamon, or brown.
- With their bulky fur coats, bears can look bigger than they are. Males average 275 lbs.; females average 175 lbs.
- Over 90% of a bear’s natural diet is grasses, berries, fruits, nuts and plants. The rest is primarily insects and scavenged carcasses.
- Black bears are very wary of people and other unfamiliar things. Their normal response to any perceived danger is to run away or climb a tree.
- Most Colorado bears are active from mid-March through early November. When food sources dwindle they head for winter dens.
- With a nose that’s 100 times more sensitive than ours, a bear can literally smell food five miles away.
- Bears are very smart, and have great memories – once they find food, they come back for more.
- During late summer and early fall bears need 20,000 calories a day to gain enough fat to survive the winter without eating or drinking.
- Bears are not naturally nocturnal, but sometimes travel at night in hopes of avoiding humans.
Courtesy of Colorado Parks and Wildlife
After every shooting of a bear, CPW conducts an investigation to attempt to determine if the shooting was legal.
It is illegal to fire a gun within Steamboat Springs city limits unless the carrier is “discharging the firearm in lawful defense of person or property,” according to city code.
Firing a gun within city limits just to scare a bear is illegal and, as Dilley noted, likely more dangerous than anything the bear could do.
“If you feel threatened, you can take action to prevent that,” he said. “You have to be careful. Once you fire a bullet, you’re responsible. Wherever that goes, that’s on you.”
That applies once a bear enters someone’s home as well. However, engaging a bear inside a building can be risky. The biggest factor to consider when deciding to engage the animal is whether the bear has a clear exit.
“Try and get them out of there. Make some noise, all the things you would do if you encountered a bear outside,” advised Dilley. “If the situation warrants, obviously you can go into a room and close the door and call dispatch.”
The bear shot on Humble Ranch could have been the same bear that’s broken into multiple homes in a neighborhood near Chuck Lewis State Wildlife Area.
Following one recent break-in, CPW set a trap at a home to try to catch the bear. However, that effort was unsuccessful, and the trap was removed on Tuesday, July 19.
While there’s no way to know for sure whether the bear that was shot was the same one that invaded the nearby homes, Dilley said the description was similar.
As CPW officers have been since spring, Dilley stressed that people should not keep their doors and windows open, even during the day, even if they are home. Bears are not nocturnal, can detect a scent up to five miles away and have taken advantage of many unlocked windows in Steamboat this year.
“We hit a hot streak here with the weather and people are leaving their windows and doors open because it is so hot,” Dilley said. “And those bears are opportunistic when they smell something inside.”
To reach Shelby Reardon, call 970-871-4253, email firstname.lastname@example.org or follow her on Twitter @ByShelbyReardon.
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The Chain Is Pulled on Britain’s Crapper
July 26, 2000
BEIJING (Reuters) – China has flushed Britain’s claims to have invented the water closet down the pan with the discovery of a 2,000-year-old toilet complete with running water, a stone seat and a comfortable armrest.
Archaeologists found the antique latrine in the tomb of a king of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC to 24 AD), who believed his soul would need to enjoy human life after death, the official Xinhua news agency said on Wednesday.
“This top-grade stool is the earliest of its kind ever discovered in the world, meaning that the Chinese used the world’s earliest water closet which is quite like what we are using today,” Xinhua quoted the archaeologists’ report as saying.
“It was a great invention and a symbol of social civilization of that time,” Xinhua said.
The invention of the flush toilet is widely attributed to London plumber Thomas Crapper, who patented a U-bend siphoning system for flushing the pan in the late 19th century, and who also installed toilets for Queen Victoria.
Among other inventions claimed by China are toilet paper, fireworks, gunpowder, the compass, paper money, kites, printing and the clock.
The toilet tomb was discovered in Shangqiu county in the central province of Henan, Xinhua said.
Archaeologists also found a queen consort’s stone tomb, more than 690 feet long and consisting of more than 30 rooms including a bathroom, toilet, kitchen and an ice-store.
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I Self Destroy Il compose et interprète ses chansons avec générosité, peut-être parce qu’il ne sait pas faire autrement. Mpoual, but it seems he passed away in The side chapel, dedicated to Our Lady of Bethlehem, has a 14th-century altar-piece in painted stone. This song was originally composed by the Assiko guitar player Minka, from the district of Bot Makak, which is about thirty miles north of Eséka. See more of Dj Aladin on Facebook. To get an idea of the modern Assiko dance show check out the videos of the Olivier de Clovis Assiko group on Youtube.
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This next group of songs were also recorded by Samuel Mpoual at the Radio Douala studios, and then commercially released on the Disque Africambiance label. Traditionally, Assiko guitarists played both the bass and lead parts; Jean Bikoko was the first to bring in another instrument to provide the low-end foundation. Or browse results titled:. These are the wines which the French authorities unreservedly allow to be labelled with the grape variety from which they were made. Now, several weeks of phone calls and interviews later, here is what I learned about Cameroonian Assiko music and especially about the gifted Jean Bikoko Aladin. Sur Une Vague You Got the Luck by Sidibe.
When I first started, twenty years ago, to explore the musics of Africa, recordings of many popular African styles, and detailed information about them, were hard to come by. Today, thanks especially to the generous efforts of dedicated African music bloggers all of whom are more prolific than I amthere is a wealth of terrific recordings from throughout the continent available at the click of a mouse.
Throughout all of Africa, the 20th century was a time of explosive musical creativity; similar historical processes and cultural interactions saw the birth of countless styles and genres across the continent. For example, what exactly do you call the popular musics of the two Congos?
Aladdin Songs » Telecharger Mp3 Gratuite
Does the term Rumba refer to all of the popular musics of the last six decades, or does it only refer to the sung verses before the sebene, or both? Does the name Soukous mean anything to music fans in both Congos?
About a month ago I started going through a set of reels that Radio Doula gave us back in and a large stack of Cameroonian vinyl, and the more I listened especially to the recordings of one Jean Bikoko Aladin the more I yearned for taxonomic clarity and a deeper knowledge of Assiko. Now, several weeks of phone calls and interviews later, here is what I learned about Cameroonian Assiko music and especially about the gifted Jean Bikoko Aladin.
Today, to speak of Assiko music in Cameroon is to speak of the music of the Bassa people from Southern Cameroon. Assiko, like so much of 20th century African music is a syncretic form; it developed, probably over one hundred years ago, when the acoustic guitar, first brought to Cameroon by Portuguese sailors, was married to the Ngola rhythm of the Bassa.
Over the first half of the 20th century Assiko music was the rhythm of celebrations throughout Bassa country, performed by guitar players who traveled the Assiko circuit that took them to Eséka, Mésondo and Edéa, and through all of the villages in between, with detours to the Bassa neighborhoods of Douala.
These migrant guitar players, accompanied by a percussionist keeping the pulse on a glass bottle beat with two iron rods, kept Bassa audiences dancing late into the night. And it was on this circuit, performing his way through the villages of Bassa land, that Jean Bikoko Aladin cut his teeth. He was born around his actual date of birth is unknown in a village not far from Eséka. After a few years of elementary school at the Catholic Mission in Eséka, Jean Bikoko left his family to find work, and while still in his mid-teens was hired as a cook and servant for a logger in the forest village of Bonepoupa, located 65 miles northwest of Eséka.
It was in Bonepoupa that Jean Bikoko first tried his hand at the guitar, building his own rudimentary instrument out of bamboo and bark, and studying the techniques of local guitar players Albert Dikoumé and Hiag Henri. From Bonepoupa, Jean Bikoko moved to Songmbenguè, a neighborhood on the outskirts of Edéa, where he hauled cinderblocks on construction sites during the day, youu entertained at night with his guitar.
And fate did, when yoh too long after his arrival he met Alexandre Ekong, a guitar player who performed regularly on Radio Douala.
Within a short time his Assiko rhythm was a listener favorite. The label would release 75 Jean Sonb Aladin singles; Africambiance also released singles by Anne-Marie Nzié, and a variety of modern and traditional groups from throughout Cameroon. With the revenue from his many singles and residencies at several of the most prestigious nightclubs in Douala and Edéa, the s were a prosperous decade for Jean Bikoko.
Instill flush with cash, Jean Bikoko opened his own hotel and restaurant in his hometown of Eséka. Although Jean Bikoko would make a few recordings over mxy next two decades, with notably a few hits in the s, his time in the limelight had come to an end. By the time Noé Ndjebet Massoussi went looking for Jean Bikoko Aladin in Eséka, inthe Assiko legend was trying to keep the power from getting cut to his now rundown bar where he still played on weekends the hotel and restaurant he built in burnt down decades aaldin.
The last half-dozen years have seen, however, the resurgence of Jean Bikoko Aladin his fretboard bee earned him the Aladin nickname. These radio recordings could all have been made in the early s, just as they could be archival recordings that Jean Bikoko made in the s. All of the recordings were made live in the Radio Douala studios with one microphone running into a Nagra, with engineer Samuel Mpoual at the controls I tried to track down Mr. Mpoual, but it seems he passed away in This theme, however, is not developed in the rest of the song.
Before Jean Bikoko came on the scene the Bassa danced the Assiko with their elbows and their torso, with individual dancers taking turns in front of the musicians. Adobe Flash Player version 9 or above is required to play this audio clip.
Traditionally, Assiko guitarists played both the bass and lead parts; Jean Bikoko was the first to bring in another instrument to provide the low-end foundation.
At various times he experimented with a bass xylophone, a large three-key sanza or bass-box, and an upright string bass. It sounds to me like these radio recordings all feature the bass-box.
This song was originally composed by the Assiko guitar player Minka, from the district of Bot Makak, which is about thirty miles north of Eséka. Jean Bikoko tells the story of the day he was robbed. What I am going to do? I am wallowing in misery. This next group of songs were also recorded by Samuel Mpoual at the Radio Douala studios, bee then commercially released on the Disque Africambiance label.
As a whole they sound a little more saturated than the radio recordings but feature some terrific playing we have a couple dozen Africambiance singles and many of them are pretty terrible pressings. Ruben Um Nyobé was killed by the French army in September ofand remains a hero to the Bassa people. These final two tracks are more lighthearted. This is another showcase for his driving guitar and pulsing Assiko alladin. But perhaps even more than his guitar playing it is his showmanship that has changed Assiko music.
Today, Assiko dance performances are a mainstay of Cameroonian cultural festivals, and specialized Assiko clubs in Douala and Yaoundé feature very popular acrobatic Assiko dance troupes. To get an idea of the modern Assiko dance show check out ylu videos of the Olivier de Clovis Assiko group on Youtube. A very special thanks to Mr. I found a late 60s? Thanks for the tip! The amount of work and dedication, and the wealth of information you put into each post, more than make aladln for their relative infrequency.
Thank you for putting this together. According to the VOA website Bikoko started releasing 45s at least 75 singles in the earlys and was a major star […]. Thank you very much Matthew Lavoie. I was thrilled to stumble across these acoustic recordings of Jean Bikoko as well as some insight into his history and influence on the dance style. Dear Luke, So glad you found these enjoyable and useful! Uou of luck in your program. Drop by again sometime.
Jean Bikoko Aladin The King of Assiko
By Matthew Lavoie on December 9, By admin on October 31, Listen to Archived Music from VOA Sites by Language. English Worldwide English voanews. Aladi September 16th, at 8: September 26, at 5: October 2, at 2: July 7, at 3: September 29, at 4: Bikila bi Gwet says: February 28, at 5: August 12, at 9: August 15, at 1: December 15, at
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Basics of Number System- Multiplication, Factors and Multiples
To enable students -
- to understand about Multiplication of numbers as repeated form of addition
- to get familiar with basic computation of multiplication of single digit and two digit numbers.
- to identify factors and multiples of a given number.
- to solve word problems based on multiplication of numbers
- to apply multiplication of numbers in real life situations.
Prerequisites/Instructions, prior preparations, if any
Knowledge on counting and addition of numbers
Materials/ Resources needed
Crayons/colouring pencils, pencil and worksheet.
Process (How to do the activity)
The teacher gives concrete examples initially where students try to add groups of equal sizes and thus understand that multiplication operation can be used for adding groups of equal sizes.
Example1: There are some chocolates in the bag and there are 5 students. If each student were given one chocolate then what is the total number of chocolates given to all students? Now if the number of chocolates given to each student is two, then what is the total number of chocolates given to all students?
The teacher then asks students the fundamental operation that could be replaced for repeated form of addition and helps students understand concept of multiplication and further the concept is strengthened using further examples.
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Leadership Letter: Sometimes, Life is Like a Sugar Cookie
By Thomas E. Bertrand
In the book Sailing True North, Admiral Bill McRaven provides a vivid illustration of the unpredictable, unforgiving, and sometimes seemingly random events that occur in our lives. McRaven describes the experience of Navy SEAL trainees who are subject — often randomly — to a punishment where they are directed to get wet and sandy on the beaches. By the time they are finished the trainees, covered in sand, look like “sugar cookies.”
McRaven goes on to state, “Sometimes, no matter how well you prepare or perform, you still end up as a sugar cookie. It’s just the way life is sometimes. In order to lead, you’ve got to be able to ‘get over being a sugar cookie’ and keep moving forward.”
SEAL trainees are challenged to develop greater resiliency regardless of the challenges they face. None of us could have imagined last March that we would be nine months into a global pandemic that has disrupted all facets of our personal and professional lives.
Fighting your way through so many challenging moments in life requires real resiliency. While part of resilience may be inherent in one’s character and beyond one’s control, McRaven suggests that resilience can be further developed based upon three elements of our lives that are within our control.
The company we keep. Seek out others who have successfully managed adversity and emerged on the other side. Too often we undervalue the experiences of our peers who set examples of resilience for us.
The books we read. There are many examples of resilience in literature and history. One example that I read last year is The Choice: Embrace the Possible, by Edith Eva Eger. A Holocaust survivor, Eger reminds us that our painful experiences in life “give us perspective and meaning, an opportunity to find our unique purpose and our strength.”
The inner conversations that we have. I recall Eger posing the essential question for survivors as “What next?” rather than “Why me?” It’s important that in our inner conversations we tell ourselves “I refuse to be a victim. I will prevail. I will not blame others. I will live to fight another day.”
School board members have faced extraordinarily painful decisions over that past year, and there are more difficult decisions to come. Despite your best preparation, your best plans, and your most informed decisions, things may fall apart — often because of circumstances beyond your control. I have been amazed at the resilience and perspective displayed by dedicated school board members across Illinois.
The fact is that at some point we may all end up as a sugar cookie, but we also have a choice as to how to respond. Nearly two million public school children are counting on us to keep moving forward and to provide hope and optimism for the future.
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For many members of the class of 2021, college graduation this spring will open a whole new world for them: the world where, for the first time, they will have some disposable income.
Employers expect to hire 7.2% more new college graduates in 2021 than they hired from the class of 2020, according to a March report from the National Association of Colleges and Employers. And that means an influx of young people, who in college often had to scrounge around for pizza money on Friday night, with money they’re itching to spend.
But this financial independence should come with a warning sign, financial experts said. With this first big payday for most graduates, the experts advise treading carefully when it comes to spending money.
Read on for 10 things every college grad should know about money. Spoiler: There’s a lot of saving involved.
Last updated: May 12, 2021
Create a Budget
When you land that first job and know what your earnings will be, start earmarking how that money will be spent.
“An important financial tip for recent graduates is to set up a budget and stick to it,” said Adam Garcia, the founder and owner of The Stock Dork. “Supporting yourself can be costly, and if you don’t set aside time to build a budget, you can find yourself in financial difficulty. Calculate your take-home pay after taxes and determine how much you can afford to spend each month while still adding to your savings. Remember to account for recurring costs including student loans, monthly rent, electricity, meals, housing and car loans.”
And be realistic when setting up that budget, said Joe Wilson, the senior career advisor at MintResume.
“Don’t underestimate how far your salary has to go. Being fresh out of college where accommodation was paid for, tuition covered, parents supported you, it’s a very different world. Your paycheck may seem like something to celebrate but before you go spending it, work out your outgoings and put that aside,” he said.
Track Your Spending
Your budget only works if you know how you’re spending your hard-earned cash.
“No matter how much money you make, it’s important to start tracking your income and spending as soon as possible. Money seeps into our lives every day, and you’ll be able to make confident money decisions — like if you can take that vacation you’ve been dreaming about — when you know your spending patterns,” said Allison Baggerly, the founder of Inspired Budget. “By tracking your spending, you’ll be able to see how much money you have left each month to send to student loans, build up an emergency fund or save for vacations. You will learn more about yourself and your finances when you’re willing to track your spending every single month.”
Set Financial Goals
You will have a lot more motivation to save money when you know what you’re saving for. There’s no better feeling than watching the balance grow in the fund for your new car, wedding or house down payment — or another goal.
“Having a goal will help you naturally focus your finances and point you in the right direction financially,” said Mary Elizabeth, the founder of MeMoreMoney, a personal finance website, “Sit down and set what your financial goals are, then write them down. Ask yourself where do you want to be in one, five and 10 years’ time financially. Then do the math — what should your budgets be and how will you manage them.
“You can keep adjusting this plan as your circumstances change, i.e., you get a better job.”
Live Within — or Below — Your Means
Sure, you might be able to afford a luxury apartment with a concierge, gym, coffee bar and view of the city skyline. Experts say to pass on it.
“My best financial tip for new college graduates is to continue living and spending money as if you’re still in college,” said Jacqueline Sanchez, the co-founder of Parent Portfolio. “It’s very tempting for recent graduates to spend a lot of money after accepting their first high-paying job, such as buying a new car. However, with student loan debt and other expenses, it good for them to live within their means and stick to a budget.”
Begin Paying Student Loans Immediately
In 2019, 62% of college seniors who graduated from public and private nonprofit colleges left school with student loan debt. Among that group, they owed an average of $28,950.
Lacy Summers, the chief marketing officer of Crush the PM Exam, said graduates should start whittling down that debt immediately.
“The majority of student loans have a six-month grace period, so payments won’t be due until late fall,” she said. “However, if you can begin making payments sooner, you can save money on interest and develop a payment habit.”
Modern Money Etiquette: Should You Ask Coworkers About Salary?
Start Planning For Retirement
Yes, you just started your career, but it’s the ideal time to start saving for retirement — especially if your company matches contributions.
“I encourage recent college graduates to take advantage of the retirement benefits offered by their employers,” said Annette Harris, the founder of Harris Financial Coaching. “Once they are eligible to start contributing to retirement plans, they should start. Deferring retirement plan contributions is giving away free money when the employer has instituted a matching contribution program. Investing as soon as possible and taking advantage of the maximum matching contribution can build a solid foundation for a secure retirement.”
Save – and Save Some More
Putting money into a retirement fund isn’t enough. You can’t access that money for many years, and you might want to tap into resources to finance an early retirement or another project.
“Wealth comes from your savings rate: the gap between what you spend and what you earn. The higher the percentage of your income that you save and invest, the faster you’ll build real wealth,” said Brian Davis, the founder of SparkRental.com, which aims to build financial independence through real estate.
“No one says you have to work until 65. I’ve known many people who reached financial independence and retired by 30. They then went on to travel the world, volunteer, raise children and work their dream jobs that didn’t necessarily come with high paychecks. You get there through a high savings rate.”
Make Timely Payments
Your creditworthiness will be essential as you get older and want to buy a house or make another large purchase and need to take out a mortgage or other loan.
“Pay your bills on time. Now and through the rest of adulthood. Why? Making credit card and loan payments on time each and every month is a good financial habit in general and paying on time can help build a strong credit score,” said Amanda Wallace, the head of insurance operations with MassMutual. “In fact, a recent MassMutual consumer poll showed that the majority (77%) of young adults age 18-38 did not know that their history of making payments on time can have one of the biggest impacts on their credit score. This is important as a low credit score can result in high interest rates or difficulty securing a loan.”
Modern Money Etiquette: How Much Should You Tip Your Delivery Driver?
Get a Side Job
Once you’ve settled into your post-grad life and your new job, consider adding a second one.
“It doesn’t have to be something that requires 30 hours of work on the side, just something that brings in some extra income,” said Jon Dulin, a blogger at SideHustlingMoney.com. “It should also be something that you enjoy doing. Don’t force yourself into a side hustle you don’t like, otherwise you won’t stick with it long term.”
Why find a side job? To save the money.
“You can build up a large amount of savings and then have options in life,” Dulin said.
Think Over Big Purchases
It’s tempting to buy that designer handbag or video-game system you’ve always wanted when you start to make real money, but Theresa Bedford, the founder of personal finance and investing blog In the Game Investing, said it’s wise to wait.
“My best piece of advice to a new college graduate is to practice a waiting period for big purchases,” she said. “There are so many things that we buy that we didn’t actually need or want but we didn’t figure it out until we had already wasted the money. Waiting just 24 to 48 hours to purchase anything that costs more than $100 can prevent buyer’s remorse and ensure that you’re only buying things that bring you joy.
“Just remember if you’re spending all of your money on impulse buys, there’s less money to get in the market where the real magic of compound interest lies.”
More From GOBankingRates
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International Women’s Day, IWD, (8 March) is a global day celebrating the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women. The day also marks a call to action for accelerating women’s equality. IWD has occurred for well over a century, with the first IWD gathering in 1911 supported by over a million people. Today, as the world and our alumni communities come out of 2020, which has been one of the most disruptive and challenging year in decades due to COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic certainly will have a lasting impact on us all.
We would like to encourage your participation on 2 initiatives that we are running to commemorate IWD this year:
- The first is a survey and knowledge sharing initiative on gender equity initiated by DEI (Diversity, Equity and Inclusion) team from INSEAD to build awareness and knowledge around this topic. The team has also created an insightful list of reading suggestions (see below) to accompany this effort. This initiative from the school would run for two weeks until 22 March.
- The second initiative is a global initiative from INSEAD Women in Business (WiB) Alumni Club that is now running globally. This initiative called Choose to Challenge is meant to raise awareness against biases and encourage a call to action from us all.
- Day 1 – March 8
Disruption as a Force for Good? Gender Balance and COVID-19 | Zoe Kinias, INSEAD Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour, and Vinika D. Rao, Executive Director, INSEAD Gender Initiative | May 20, 2020
Key takeaway: The pandemic may disproportionately affect women around the world, but it need not imperil the hard-earned progress towards gender balance.
- Day 2 – March 9
From Insight to Action. Gender Equality in the Wake of Covid-19 | UN Women 2020
This publication summarizes the data, research and policy work produced by UN Women on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women and girls, including how it is affecting extreme poverty, employment, health, unpaid care and violence against women and girls.
- Day 3 – March 10
Making the “New Normal” Better for Women | Benjamin Kessler, INSEAD Knowledge Managing Editor | July 2, 2020
Key takeaway: How can individuals and organisations keep progressing towards gender balance, in this disrupted world?
- Day 4 – March 11:
Women at the core of the fight against COVID-19 crisis | Policy brief: OECD 2020
- Day 5 – March 12:
Foundations for Gender Balance Can Be Built at Home | Zoe Kinias, INSEAD Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour, and Vinika D. Rao, Executive Director, INSEAD Gender Initiative | November 13, 2020
Key takeaway: If we want a robust economic recovery and a fairer world, we must stem the tide of women fleeing the Covid-19 workforce.
- Day 1 – March 15
Strategy and Leadership Lessons From the ‘Notorious RBG’ | Chengyi Lin, INSEAD Affiliate Professor of Strategy, Felicia A. Henderson EMCCC ’17, Founder, Henderson Advising, and Zoe Kinias, INSEAD Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour | March 8, 2021: Strategy & Leadership lessons from “The Notorious RBG”
- Day 2 – March 16
The Powerful Leadership of African Women | Lucy Quist MBA ’05J, INSEAD Board Director | March 6, 2020: Six women leading the way and inspiring others to realise their potential
- Day 3 – March 17
Challenging Assumptions About Flexible Work | Zoe Kinias, INSEAD Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour, and Felicia A. Henderson EMCCC ’17, Principal at Henderson Advising | February 24, 2020: How a female CEO built better work-life balance in the gruelling property industry.
- Day 4 – March 18
Promoting Gender Balance Wisely | Benjamin Kessler, Asia Editor and Digital Manager, Clarissa Cortland, INSEAD Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, and Zoe Kinias, INSEAD Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour | March 8, 2018: Researchers are identifying powerful, yet sometimes nuanced interventions that can improve outcomes for women and the businesses and societies they serve.
- Day 5 – March 19
Integrating Diversity Into Business Education | Zoe Kinias, INSEAD Associate Professor of Organisational Behaviour; Modupe Akinola, Columbia Business School; Ashli Carter, NYU Stern; Michael Norton, Harvard Business School; and Katherine Phillips, Columbia Business School | September 16, 2019: An example of women leading the integration of diversity conversation into business education in collaboration with men.
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Acne Diagnosis in Livermore
Let us provide the acne diagnosis and treatments you need. Acne is something that most people experience. Starting at puberty, most active during adolescence, and sometimes continuing into adulthood. It can be uncomfortable and affect your self-esteem and how you see yourself. But Golden State Dermatology is here to help. We can provide the support and care that can help you achieve clearer skin. Contact us today!
For more information about our available services, please call 559-435-0337 and speak with one of our associates. They can provide more information about our care in Livermore and can help you start a path to your acne diagnosis. You can also send us a message by filling out the form found on this page, and we will contact you shortly.
Livermore Treatments and Acne Diagnosis
often caused by hormones. Clogged pores and oils caused acne in the skin being turned into free fatty acids by bacteria. Causing inflammation that takes the form of red bumps, pimples, and nodules. And to decrease the clogging of pores, our team uses topical medications rich in Vitamin A. We also use antibiotics to reduce the bacteria in the skin. We always specialize treatments, adjusting them as needed to meet the needs of our patient.
Comprehensive Skin Care Options
Enjoy our full spectrum of dermatology care. We offer comprehensive skin care solutions to help achieve and maintain skin as healthy as possible. Our team consists of the best clinicians in the industry who have access to the best resources and technology. And our focus is always to provide the ultimate patient experience and best results possible.
To learn more about our acne diagnosis and treatment options, please call 559-435-0337. There you can speak with a knowledgeable associate in Livermore who can help you book an appointment. They can also discuss our services in more detail and can answer questions you may have. If you would prefer to send us a message instead, please fill out the form found on this page, and we will contact you shortly.
The Confidence To Be Your Best
To provide the full spectrum of dermatology care by combining leading clinicians and resources in the pursuit of the ultimate patient experience
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We're running CA Access Gateway (SPS) and we have discovered an Apache vulnerability that could affect it:
A Denial of Dervice (DoS) vulnerability is present in the embedded HTTP Server.
The DoS occurs because the HTTP Server allows incomplete connections to stay open for an unnecessary period of time. Processes are a limited resource, and thus the HTTP Server cannot have infinite connections but instead a limited number of clients connected at the same time. The attacker will create multiple slow incomplete connection requests to the HTTP Server causing it to reach the connections limit and make the Server to stop responding to other incoming requests.
How can we upgrade the Apache server to fix this?
CA Access Gateway (SPS) R12.52 SP1
Upgrade CA Access Gateway (SPS) to R12.52 SP1 CR07 to fix it. The embedded Apache version has been upgraded to 2.4.25 to solve this issue.
Defects Fixed in R12.52 SP1 CR07:
KB : TEC1189349
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|Newfoundland's Grand Banks Message Board|
|A Squires Harbour Grace Tale
|Page 1 of 1|
|Author:||greg [ Sun Dec 01, 2013 8:06 pm ]|
|Post subject:||A Squires Harbour Grace Tale|
Based on my research this year, the following story came together in September of this year.
William Curtis Squires was from Broad Cove North (Bay de Verde District). He married Harriet Parsons from Bears Cove, Harbour Grace. They had at least three children: Robert Arthur(b.1875 and d.1900 in St. John's), Allan Parsons(b.1877) and Charles Gregory(b.1880). All were baptised in the Methodist Church in Harbour Grace. The family lived in Bears Cove, Harbour Grace. William was the son of Gregory Squires(b.1821) Broad Cove North. When Harriet died Nov 28 1890, she was described as the wife of the late William Squires so I know that William died some time before Nov 28 1890. Harriet's funeral was held at the residence of Alex Squires who also lived in Bears Cove in 1890. Could Alex Squires be related to William?
A girl named Amelia Davis Hippisley found a Squires to be her husband. John Squires and Amelia had a least four children: George Gregory(b.1875), Child Squires(name and gender not given b.1877), Beaton Hall(b.1881), and Neal(c.1882). Amelia Hippisley(c.1845) was the daughter of George Hippisley and Louisa Parsons. The family lived in Carbonear and Louisa was a Parsons from Bears Cove, Harbour Grace. Chances are that Amelia and Harriet Parsons(wife of William Squires) were related.
Beaton Hall Squires was a prominent Newfoundlander. He went to the U.S. and was a Harvard University graduate with a BA and LL.B degree. He loved football and was All-American tackle in 1905 (his senior year) for his Harvard team. As a senior in 1905, Beaton Hall Squires was also selected as the captain of the Harvard football team. This was the first time a citizen of a country other than the United States received the honor. He also coached a football team while practising law in Boston. He moved to Canada in 1913 to practice law in Saskatoon and became one of Canada's most successful lawyers.
John Squires became the Reverend John Squires of the Congregational Church in Harbour Grace. His son George Gregory immigrated to the U.S. in 1900 and also became a clergyman. His petition for naturalization was witnessed by his brother Beaton Hall Squires. In case you are wondering, the Child Squires born to John and Amelia became known as Reverend Charles W. Squires, a U.S. citizen. He immigrated in 1917 and was a Presbyterian Pastor in Lynn, Massachusetts. On his immigration papers he had "Uncle Alexander" listed as his relative in the country he came from. Son Neal also immigrated to the U.S. in 1901. After Rev. John retired from the Clergy, he along with Amelia immigrated to the U.S. in 1915. On John Squires immigration papers from 1917, the next-of-kin is listed as "Brother Alexander". They lived with Neal in 1920 in Wellesley, Norfolk, Massachusetts and in 1921 lived in Needham, Mass.. Amelia died Nov 23 1926 and Rev. John Squired died in 1932. They are buried in the New Wapping Cemetery in Connecticut.
On Jan 10, 1874 Alexander Squires married Henrietta Hippisley in Harbour Grace. Yes, just like Rev. John Squires, Alexander married a daughter of George and Louisa Hippisley. On Dec 18, 1889 Alexander Squires married Sarah A. Comer of Harbour Grace. It was recorded on the marriage record that " Rev. John Squires was the groom's brother."
A 1904 Directory lists Alexander's father as Gregory. The 1921 census has Alexander Squires living in Harbour Grace and born about 1852 in Broad Cove BDV (Bay de Verde). He was living with his niece Helena Squires (born about 1904) in Ponds Cove FB.
I knew that if the father of Helena was the son of Gregory Squires(b.1821) this would put it all together. I discovered that "Ponds" Cove was in error and the actual place was Pool's Cove, Fortune Bay. On May 9 1888 Henry Thomas Squires married Mary Ann Bamberry in Pool's Cove, Fortune Bay. The officiating clergy at the marriage was, of course, Rev. John Squires. Henry Thomas Squires was indeed a son of Gregory Squires.
William Curtis Squires and John Squires were known to be sons of Gregory Squires of Broad Cove North. Now we have more than just the fact they were born. Alexander Squires has now been discovered as the unknown son of Gregory and a brother to William and John.
This story has not yet ended. It should be mentioned that Alexander Squires was married three times. On Jan 25 1879 Alexander Squires married Sydney Jane Anderson at "Fruitland" Harbour Grace, the residence of the bride's mother. Sydney Jane was the only daughter of the late Richard Anderson Esq.. Alexander and Sydney Jane had a son born on Jan 18 1880. Sadly, Sydney Jane died less than eight months later on Sep 7 1880.
Richard Anderson Squires was the only son of Alexander and Sydney Jane Squires. He later became Sir Richard Anderson Squires, Prime Minister of Newfoundland 1919-1923 and 1928-1932.
I do not know why the three Squires brothers left their small fishing village to live in the larger community of Harbour Grace. Perhaps the reason was simply to hope to have a better quality of life. I think they did OK.
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http://ngb.chebucto.org/phpBB/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=3609&view=print
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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio in PM1 and size segregated aerosol particles over the Baltic Sea
Keywords: PM1 and PM0.056–2.5, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, source apportionment, southeastern Baltic Sea region
AbstractWe analysed δ13C of total carbon (TC) and δ15N of total nitrogen (TN) in submicron (PM1) and size segregated aerosol particles (PM0.056–2.5) collected during a cruise in the Baltic Sea from 9 to 17 November 2012. PM1 were characterized by the highest δ13C (–26.4‰) and lowest δ15N (–0.2 and 0.8‰) values when air masses arrived from the southwest direction (Poland). The obtained δ13C values indicated that combined emissions of coal and diesel/gasoline combustion were the most likely sources of TC. The depleted δ15N values indicated that TN originated mainly from liquid fuel combustion (road traffic, shipping) during this period. The lowest δ13C and highest δ15N values were determined in PM1 samples during the western airflow when the air masses had no recent contact with land. The highest δ15N values were probably associated with chemical aging of nitrogenous species during long-range transport, the lowest δ13C values could be related to emissions from diesel/gasoline combustion, potentially from ship traffic. The δ13C analysis of size-segregated aerosol particles PM0.056–2.5 revealed that the lowest δ13C values were observed in the size range from 0.056 to 0.18 µm and gradual 13C enrichment occurred in the size range from 0.18 to 2.5 µm due to different sources or formation mechanisms of the aerosols.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.lmaleidykla.lt/ojs/index.php/physics/article/view/4082
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DR Congo military takes charge in regions under ‘state of siege’
The Democratic Republic of Congo’s presidency on Monday ordered military and police officers to take over civil authorities in two regions that have been declared under a “state of siege”.
North-Kivu and Ituri — both eastern provinces where dozens of armed groups operate and civilians have been subject to horrifying massacres — were declared under siege on Friday.
Under the DRC’s constitution, the president can declare a state of either siege or emergency “if severe circumstances immediately threaten the independence or integrity of the national territory, or if they interrupt the regular functioning of institutions”.
In an address broadcast on public television on Monday, President Felix Tshisekedi said he had heard “the cries of distress of our population, and felt the pain that our mothers, sisters and daughters are suffering in these provinces ravaged by barbarity”.
His spokesman Tharsice Kasongo Mwema confirmed that the two provinces would be declared under siege for 30 days starting on Thursday, May 6.
“To respond to the situation during the state of siege, the provincial governments of Ituri and North Kivu, and the entities of these provinces, will be replaced by offices of the armed forces of the DRC or the national police,” he said.
“The action of the civil jurisdictions will be substituted by those of military jurisdictions” until “the reestablishment of the peace”, he added.
The announcement of a state of siege has been welcomed by North-Kivu governor Carly Kasivita, who said he had repeatedly urged a “national mobilisation” to deal with attacks in the province’s Beni region.
However, some observers have expressed alarm at the idea of replacing civil authorities with military ones, warning it could lead to abuses of power.
Mineral-rich North and South-Kivu, which lie along the DRC’s eastern borders with Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, descended into violence during the country’s two wars between 1996 and 2003, and have never regained stability.
Ituri, further to the north, has also been rocked by violence since late 2017 after 15 years of relative calm.
The Kivu Security Tracker, a monitoring group, estimates that 122 different armed groups of varying sizes are active in the eastern DRC.
The Allied Democratic Forces, a group of Ugandan Islamist fighters based in eastern DRC since 1995, are blamed for many of the massacres.
The ADF — which the US brands a “terrorist” organisation” affiliated to Islamic State group — have been accused of murdering more than 1,000 civilians since November 2019 in Beni alone.
The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Kootneeti Team
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://thekootneeti.in/2021/05/10/dr-congo-military-takes-charge-in-regions-under-state-of-siege/
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Decile tables for the monthly average price for Global Dairy Trade results, along with futures values from NZX, EEX & CME.
The tables display nominal prices relevant to each decile range, which can be used to get an understanding of how high/low the current price is in relation to all historic prices. A decile table measures how often, historically, prices have fallen below (or below) a particular pricing point. It gives a brief snapshot of whether a market has more upside or downside and how large this may be.
For example, if a price is at its 40% decile, this means that 40% of the time prices have been below that value and 60% of prices higher. Similarly, a 90% decile means that 90% of the time, prices have been lower and higher just 10% of the time.
At the bottom of each table is the current months average price and the percentage decile ranking for that price.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.thomaseldermarkets.com.au/market-insights/decile-drop-dairy/
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The Paint Stripping market revenue was xx.xx Million USD in 2017, grew to xx.xx Million USD in 2021, and will reach xx.xx Million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of x.x% during 2022-2027. Based on the Paint Stripping industrial chain, this report mainly elaborates the definition, types, applications and major players of Paint Stripping market in details. Deep analysis about market status (2017-2022), enterprise competition pattern, advantages and disadvantages of enterprise products, industry development trends (2022-2027), regional industrial layout characteristics and macroeconomic policies, industrial policy has also be included. From raw materials to downstream buyers of this industry will be analyzed scientifically, the feature of product circulation and sales channel will be presented as well. In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Paint Stripping market.
The Paint Stripping market can be split based on product types, major applications, and important regions.
Major Players in Paint Stripping market are:
PPG (PPG Aerospace)
United Gilsonite Labs
Major Regions that plays a vital role in Paint Stripping market are:
Middle East & Africa
Most important types of Paint Stripping products covered in this report are:
Most widely used downstream fields of Paint Stripping market covered in this report are:
There are 13 Chapters to thoroughly display the Paint Stripping market. This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions.
Chapter 1: Paint Stripping Market Overview, Product Overview, Market Segmentation, Market Overview of Regions, Market Dynamics, Limitations, Opportunities and Industry News and Policies.
Chapter 2: Paint Stripping Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers.
Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Paint Stripping.
Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Paint Stripping.
Chapter 5: Production Volume, Price, Gross Margin, and Revenue ($) of Paint Stripping by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 6: Paint Stripping Production, Consumption, Export and Import by Regions (2017-2022).
Chapter 7: Paint Stripping Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions.
Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape, Product Introduction, Company Profiles, Market Distribution Status by Players of Paint Stripping.
Chapter 9: Paint Stripping Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2027).
Chapter 10: Market Analysis and Forecast by Regions (2022-2027).
Chapter 11: Industry Characteristics, Key Factors, New Entrants SWOT Analysis, Investment Feasibility Analysis.
Chapter 12: Market Conclusion of the Whole Report.
Chapter 13: Appendix Such as Methodology and Data Resources of This Research.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.reportsandmarkets.com/reports/global-paint-stripping-market-4475670
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| 0.823682
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| 1.734375
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SAN BRUNO — The National Archives at San Francisco on May 22 officially opened to the public over 40,000 case files on immigrants to the U.S., and dedicated its research room to the late U.S. Rep. Tom Lantos, who was a leading force in having these files re-designated as records of permanent historical value.
These immigration files, known as “Alien Files” (commonly referred to as “A-Files”), were transferred from U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). They are among the first of millions of case files that will eventually be opened to the public.
During the opening, immigration records were viewed for the first time by descendants of early 20th-century Asian immigrants, and demonstrations were given on how to access the immigration files. Speakers included Tom Mills, chief operating officer, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Rep. Jackie Speier (D-San Mateo); Dominick Gentile, chief, Records Division, USCIS; Keaton and Chanteclaire Swett, grandchildren of Rep. Lantos; Jennie Lew and Jeanie Low, co-chairs, Save Our National Archives; Jeremy Frankel, director, San Francisco Bay Area Genealogical Society; and Rick Moss, director, African American Museum and Library of Oakland.
In 1940 the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), the predecessor of USCIS, started issuing Alien Registration Numbers to resident aliens. On April 1, 1944, INS began to assign these numbers to a new series of immigration case files called A-Files. A-Files are a genealogical wealth of information, containing documents such as photographs, personal correspondence, vital records, interview transcripts, and visa applications.
“The A-Files are a unique resource for family historians, especially the descendants of 20th-century immigrants,” said Archivist of the United States David S. Ferriero. “These records are rich with personal information that will illuminate the journeys of our ancestors — including my own family — and their paths to citizenship.”
A-Files are eligible for transfer to the National Archives 100 years after the birth of the subject of a file. These transfers to the National Archives ensure that these records will be saved in perpetuity and made available to the public for research.
The holdings of the National Archives at San Francisco will include many case files created at USCIS District Offices in San Francisco, Honolulu, Reno, Guam, American Samoa and the American Territories. The National Archives at Kansas City will maintain A-Files for all other INS district offices nationwide.
A-Files may be viewed in person by appointment or copies may be ordered for a fee. Researchers may contact National Archives staff at firstname.lastname@example.org or (650) 238-3501 to search A-Files holdings for a particular file. Beginning Tuesday, May 29, an online database will be available through the National Archives at San Francisco website, www.archives.gov/pacific/san-francisco.
The National Archives at San Francisco is one of 22 facilities nationwide where the public can access federal archival records in person. Its holdings total over 60,000 cubic feet of historical records dating from the 1850s to the 1990s, created by more than 100 federal agencies and courts in Northern and Central California, Nevada (except for Clark County), Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa and the American Territories. The facility is located at 1000 Commodore Dr., San Bruno, CA 94066. and is open Monday through Friday from 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. (until 5:30 p.m. on Wednesdays). Appointments are strongly encouraged.
Antonina Lite Sanchez was born May 8, 1903 in Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, Philippines. In 1928, she married Paulino Sanchez, who later immigrated to Guam and opened a barber shop in Agat, Guam. She remained in the Philippines and worked as a housekeeper. In 1965, she received a visa to join her husband and two sons in Guam. Her Alien Case File includes copies of her birth certificate and baptismal record from her hometown in the Philippines. She died in 1994 in Santa Rita, Guam.
Jesus Garcia Perez was born June 17, 1905 in Durango, Mexico. He came to the U.S. in March 1924 by walking across the border at El Paso, Texas. In 1950, he was living and working in San Francisco as a gluemaker for the Consolidated Chemical Industries. He was married and had eight children. His Alien Case File includes his alien identification card from 1927 and his border crossing card from 1950.
Ok Nam Shin, born May 26, 1901 in Pusan, Korea, came to Hawaii in 1920 to work at his father’s grocery store. By 1933 he was married with four children, all born in Hawaii. The family left for Korea and spent five years there caring for Ok’s parents. When Ok attempted to return to the U.S. in 1938, he was denied entry because his return permit had expired while he was in Korea. With the help of lawyers in Hawaii, he appealed the decision and was granted reprieve. He became a naturalized citizen in September 1962 in Honolulu.
Umeyo Kawano (nee Nakahara) was born March 3, 1889 in Hiroshima. In 1913, at the age of 24, she came to the U.S. as the picture bride of Saikichi Kawano, a farmer in Tulare. The Kawanos raised a family of three sons and five daughters in Selma, Calif. They were interned during World War II at Jerome War Relocation Center in southeastern Arkansas, returning to Selma after the war. Her son Ton served in the military while the family was interned. Kawano died in October 1972 in Selma.
Pasha Semenov (nee Strelkova) was born Oct. 17, 1901 in Tversk, Russia. At the age of 22, on Nov. 1, 1923, she came to the U.S. through Seattle in search of employment as a dressmaker. She married Anatole Semenov in August 1927 in San Francisco, and they had a son in 1934. She became a naturalized citizen of the U.S. in 1965, 42 years after her arrival. She died in 1988 in San Francisco.
Marie Katherine Guenter Weseth was born in Engers, Germany on April 18, 1903. She, her parents, and seven siblings immigrated to the U.S. through Ellis Island in May 1906. They journeyed across the country and settled at a farm near Tulare, where her father became a naturalized citizen of the U.S. in 1912. Because she was a minor when her father naturalized, she received derivative citizenship from him. In 1963, married and then living in Tiburon, Calif., she applied for proof of her citizenship. She received a Certificate of Citizenship from the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
William Jang, also known as Jang Foo, was born Nov. 15, 1890 in Guangdong Province, China. He came to the U.S. abroad the SS Coptic on May 3, 1900, to join his older brother and to study English in San Francisco. He was able to stay in the U.S. as a Chinese merchant, with a share in Sun Chong Company on Fillmore Street in San Francisco. In 1918, he brought his wife Young Shee to the U.S.. They would have eight children. He became a naturalized citizen of the U.S., changing his name to William Jang, in October 1959. He died in 1986 in San Francisco.
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https://rafu.com/2012/05/national-archives-opens-immigration-files/
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The trucking and transportation industry has been a staple in the United States for generations. It’s a crucial part of our economy, equips us with the products we need, and keeps the gears of the country turning. And now, with the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affecting the way we live our lives, the importance of truck drivers and the work they do for us is perhaps more vital than it’s ever been before.
Here are five of the (many) reasons the importance of truck drivers and the trucking industry at large deserves an extra round of applause during this difficult time:
1) A Backbone of Our Economy
In 2018, the U.S. freight and trucking industry generated approximately 800 billion dollars in revenue. Truck drivers are almost single-handedly responsible for keeping countless businesses and services, the ones we often take for granted, alive and well. And like Trucking.com says, over 70% of all freight tonnage in the U.S., which equates to over 10 billion tons of cargo, is transported by truck drivers.
Without truckers, we wouldn’t have access to many of the products and services we rely on, and, as a result, our economy would run the risk of collapsing in on itself.
2) Employing Millions of Americans
Not only is the trucking industry responsible for a significant chunk of our country’s economy—all of the online retailers we rely on wouldn’t be able to exist without truckers, after all—but it’s also an essential career path for millions of hardworking Americans from all walks of life.
According to a 2019 report from the U.S. Census Bureau, the trucking industry now provides more than 3.5 million people with trucker jobs. And that doesn’t even take into account the millions of other trucking jobs the trucking industry generates!
3) Stocking the Shelves of Our Stores
The odds are very high that just about everything you see on the shelf at the grocery store spent some time on a truck and wouldn’t be within arm’s reach if it hadn’t been for America’s truck drivers. If you were to imagine our country without truckers, for example, then you’d be seeing a world where ATMs would be cashless, “gas stations would run out of fuel,” and “essentials like bottled water, powdered milk, and canned foods would be gone.”
4) Keeping Businesses Afloat
“The American trucker sits at a vital intersection in society,” Trucking.com says. “They are the critical link between the valued goods we produce and the demands of our most pressing needs.” The importance of truck drivers is impossible to overstate, especially when it comes to keeping the businesses we rely on—both local and otherwise—active and afloat.
5) Providing the Country with the Goods it Needs
With so many brick-and-mortar stores currently closed on account of COVID-19, truck drivers are playing a crucial role in keeping our homes stocked with the supplies they need. Even when the rest of the world is hunkering down, “factories and meat-packing plants are still running at full operation,” and there are so many supplies (food, toilet paper, etc.) that need to get to stores and consumers. “That means drivers, as always, are needed on the road.”
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Degrees of Separation PC
Notice: proceeding to PayPal, you understand that your Gift Card purchase will be sent to the email associated with your PayPal Account.
Get your instant download with SSEGold.com
This product includes Degrees of Separation PC.
The top 3 reasons to play Degrees of Separation PC
- Discover the potential of dual protagonists Ember and Rime.
- Navigate distinct worlds and solve complex puzzles to organically alter situations and surroundings.
- Traverse through diverse landscapes that each introduce a new game mechanic.
About Degrees of Separation PC
- Degrees of Separation is a 2D puzzle-adventure game that requires players to harness the elements of heat and cold to succeed. Two contrasting souls, Ember and Rime, are separated by an enigmatic force, and must use their respective powers to progress through a spectacular world of fantasy and adventure.
- Players take on the roles of Ember and Rime in single-player and cooperative multiplayer to solve the game's environmental obstacles, drawing on their unique skills to traverse through beautiful, puzzle-filled environments.
- The two will learn to lean on one another, their individual forces working to bring them closer together...or tear them apart.
- 2D Adventure Platforming - Experience beautifully crafted 2D worlds with a deeply immersive art style based on the aspects of contrasting temperatures.
- Innovative Storytelling - Discover the potential of dual protagonists Ember and Rime and follow a complex story by acclaimed video game writer Chris Avellone.
- Environmental Puzzles - Navigate distinct worlds and solve complex puzzles to organically alter situations and surroundings.
- Cooperative Gameplay - Harness the powers of Ember and Rime in both single-player and cooperative multiplayer to interact with the environment in a variety of ways, both separately and as a team.
- Non-Linear Levels - Traverse through diverse landscapes that each introduce a new game mechanic, weaving together gameplay, narrative, and character progression.
What are the system requirements?
- OSWindows 7
- ProcessorIntel Core 2 Duo or equivalent
- Memory2 GB RAM
- GraphicsGraphics Card with support for DirectX 11
- Storage800 MB available space
- OSWindows 10
- ProcessorIntel i7 - 3.4Ghz
- Memory6 GB RAM
- GraphicsNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 (3GB) or AMD equivalent
- Storage1 GB available space
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Guest Column: Fr Oskar Wermter sj
When Donald Trump took over as the President of the United States, he demanded that the arsenal of weapons for the fighting forces he commands must be increased drastically.
Americans take it for granted that every citizen has the right to “bear arms” for self-defence. The powerful American Rifle Association absolutely insists on this right and refuses any change of the law, even at a time when abuse of arms is common and a more restrictive law is absolutely necessary, precisely in order to defend human life and stop random killings.
Going back very far into history, we find that men regarded possessing lethal weapons as their prerogative and privilege; a confirmation of their manhood and a tool of male power and domination. This is what made them men and distinguished them from unarmed women. There was only one significant exception to this rule: The Christians of the first three centuries refused to do military service and “bear arms”, remembering Jesus’ warning, “All who draw the sword will die by the sword”.
Any lethal weapon was regarded as a symbol of their power and domination, and as a deterrence and threat of violence to any potential enemy. Military parades displaying a rich arsenal of sophisticated weaponry still serves this purpose even today. Armed soldiers are still being used in many countries, our own included, for intimidation and political subjugation.
When eventually the church made its peace with the Roman Empire, armed forces became acceptable, and morally the concept of a “just war” (= defensive war) became a justification for armed military intervention. This ideology is still very strong until now, even in the thinking of christians. Political thinkers and historians cannot forget the “Cold War” that succeeded the “Hot War” after 1945 (World War II) which ended with atomic bombs being dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, finally breaking the resistance of Japan in their conflict with the United States. Increasing the armament on both sides (The US–Soviet Empire) resulted in a state of “mutual deterrence” and gave the Western world a break of peace of 44 years (1945 — 1989), not counting many regional conflicts, especially in Asia (Vietnam), Africa (Congo, Great Lakes) and Latin America (Nicaragua, El Salvador, drug wars).
This “mutual deterrence”, especially if it is based on nuclear weapons (for example, India and Pakistan), is a very delicate and dangerous balance between military powers; it does not give the world true security or genuine peace. Is piling up military hardware, which is intimidating and regarded as a threat deterring the enemy, a means to stop military conflicts? Philosophers of war and peace call it “redemptive violence”.
This euphemism sounds good, but the reality may be very bad. This phrase (“redemptive violence”) defies logic. Can violence do away with violence? Can war, bring about peace? Is warfare not increasing the destructive power of armed conflicts? Can war which causes death and destruction, lead to freedom and prosperity? This is a very relevant question for us in post-Independence Zimbabwe.
The industrial-military complex is an economic powerhouse and produces huge profits for the “merchants of death” ( arms traders) . Governments hesitate to forego this source of income for their industrial complex. Once you have accumulated much military hardware, and are proud of your arsenals of powerful and have a standing army of professional fighters ready to kill, it must be very tempting for political leaders to buttress that power with the actual involvement in war. Arms traders may do more than supply equipment for armies in defending their countries. Their flooding the market with guns and rockets, military transport, communication equipment and even spacecraft for a new kind of war, may, in fact, incite military conflicts where political and diplomatic interventions may have been sufficient in settling crises between nations. Do governments buy arms to start a war or to stop one? Power is a temptation that a well-equipped military force cannot resist. A full arsenal of guns may start bloody conflicts that initially nobody wanted. Once guns have been delivered to one conflict zone, they will find fighters that will make use of them even elsewhere. In not yet fully liberated and conflict-ridden Africa, for instance, there is always a market for machine guns. The arms trade does not seem controllable. It is shocking to see military budgets that exceed national healthcare or educational budgets. If the funds to fight poverty are bigger than what the military consumes, what are our priorities? Living people or killing machines?
If leaders base their power on the military, then has our democratic vote any value at all?
Medically speaking, we can cope with most epidemics and infectious diseases of children. But are we prepared to spend our taxes accordingly?
The number of women dying in childbirth is shocking. Are men accepting their responsibility for the mothers of their children? Or are they more concerned with military and political power than with human life? Is our conscience underdeveloped? Is its voice no longer heard? Are we morally deaf?
The sick and the dying, the poor and the neglected have been put into our hands. The message we hear in the Gospel is unambiguous. I am happy to see young nurses taking care of their grannies and young men and women training as ambulance drivers. We may be able soon to shoot adventurous space travellers to the moon.
We develop rockets that will be even more dangerous carriers of nuclear weapons annihilating huge populations in balls of fire.
Are we aware of what we are doing by accumulating ever more efficient death dealing bombs? Is that what the Maker of this world created us for?
Fr Oskar Wermter SJ is a social commentator
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Supplementary Materialsesi. in particular at advanced stages, remain untreatable. Recent improvements in immunotherapy that focus on re-boosting a patients own immune system brought new hopes for malignancy patients, with promising results against leukemia, lymphoma and advanced melanoma1. One of the most powerful therapeutic strategies used in malignancy immunotherapy is usually adoptive T cell transfer. There are three forms of adoptive T cell therapy: Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs), T cells expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR T) and T cells expressing designed T Cell Receptor (TCR T). These strategies generally involve isolating a patients own T cells, activating or engineering them to be armed against malignancy ex lover vivo, expanding those cells and finally re-injecting them into the patient2, 3. TILs require a new tumor biopsy to isolate a few reactive T cells leading to an anti-tumor response, whereas CAR T4 or TCR T5 cells are designed from PR65A the individuals peripheral blood mononuclear cell. While both CAR T and TCR T cells are compatible with common cell therapy and able to induce potent anti-tumor response, TCR T cells display several unique properties that make them particularly appealing Carbazochrome in treating demanding solid tumors. First, while CAR T cells target Carbazochrome surface tumor antigens, TCR T cells can also target the intracellular Carbazochrome proteome through human being leukocyte antigen (HLA) demonstration, indicating TCR T cells can identify a wide range of tumor antigens that aren’t limited to membrane appearance, including neo-antigens. Furthermore, TCR T cells match individual HLA alleles, which avoids rejection pursuing transplantation. TCR utilized to engineer T cells possess variable Carbazochrome affinity set alongside the indigenous TCR6 also, enabling fine-tuning between self-reactivity and potency. Finally, TCR T cells possess an improved tumor distribution and penetrance inside the tumor, whereas CAR T cells have a tendency to stick on the tumor periphery because of the identification of surface area antigens, producing TCR T cells better in dealing with solid tumors7, 8. Nevertheless, the current solutions to develop adoptive T cell therapies are inefficient, time-consuming and costly (leading to pricey T cell items: for example, one infusion of constructed T cells can price half of a million dollars)8. Specifically, the highly complicated T cell repertoire poses a distinctive problem in quickly and reliably determining the uncommon T cells appealing that can both acknowledge tumor antigens and screen an operating anti-tumor response9. You can find vast amounts of different TCR clonotypes, but just a few are particular for several antigens10, 11. The traditional bulk and population-based T cell evaluation just provides a standard and averaged final result, which cover up molecular details such as for example variants in T cell activation12, 13, in addition to interesting properties of an Carbazochrome individual clone, specifically when it’s a uncommon one14C16. A significant bottleneck of TCR T cell therapy breakthrough resides in TCR cell cloning, which will take weeks of function and many limited dilutions. As a total result, one cell technology are had a need to dissect complicated heterogeneity of T cells also to recover the clones or sequences appealing to be able to facilitate breakthrough of adoptive T cell remedies2, 10, 17, 18. However, conventional one cell analysis strategies19C21 counting on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) coupled with one cell PCR and Sanger sequencing, for instance, aren’t equivalent with real-time typically, useful monitoring of one cells (for PCR25C27, sequencing28C33, secretome analysis34C37, cell-cell interactions38C42, multiplexed biological responses43, screening of displayed libraries44, protein engineering45, and therapeutic screening (for drugs46, antigen.
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Spirulina is a type of algae that is made into powder and used frequently in the health and wellness world due to its superfood properties. Although it is really gaining momentum in the West nowadays, it has been used for centuries by ancient African and Aztec tribes to give them stamina and strength.
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Spirulina is also a wonderful source of iron for vegans and vegetarians, and it also provides good amounts of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, potassium and vitamins A, C and E and vitamin B1 and B2.
Spirulina is easily identifiable by its deep green colour and this is due to it containing high levels of the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is admired by those in the health and nutrition field for its ability to cleanse and detoxify the body, reduce inflammation, boost oxygen levels in the body and alkalise the blood. Chlorophyll is also excellent for reducing body odour!
Since Spirulina is an alga, it can easily pick up toxins, bacteria and heavy metals in its environment and hold onto them. This is no reason to miss out on Spirulina’s wonderful health benefits though, simply make sure the product you buy has been tested for contaminates and toxins and meets high purity standards. Soaring Free Superfoods provides pure, ethically sourced Spirulina.
Spirulina can be consumed in a powder or tablet form and you can take it at any time during the day. If you have never taken Spirulina before then it is advised that you start taking it in small doses and build up slowly. Eventually you should be taking 3g or 1-2 teaspoons per day for maintenance and optimal health. The powder has a strong taste and can be taken in juice or added to smoothies.
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Nashville—Dr. James Hildreth, president of Meharry Medical School, continues to be a leading voice in the Covid-19 crisis — this time in a national setting.
Hildreth has been appointed to a Food and Drug Administration committee that will evaluate coronavirus vaccine candidates.
The FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee is a “group of academic scientists, doctors and federal health officials will scrutinize safety and efficacy data on every coronavirus vaccine candidate, and make a pivotal recommendation to the FDA on whether to greenlight or shelve each shot,” Politico said in an article.
“There are not many African-American scientists who have gone into the field that I’ve chosen. The point is to make sure that the interest of the people that we care about are best served. I sort of feel obligated to do this because, oftentimes, I’m the only African American that will be sitting at a table. I think it’s just important that I do this,” Hildreth told the Nashville Post.
According to its website, the committee’s next meeting will be on Oct. 22.
Meharry Medical School recently received a $34 million donation from Mayor Michael Bloomberg, a $1.5 million donation from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and a donation of test kits and supplies from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Founded in 1876, Meharry is the nation’s largest private, historically Black academic health sciences school, with an enrollment of 877 students in 2019, according to Nashville Business Journal research.
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IoT Security – How To Stay Safe in 2018 and Beyond!
Internet of Things sector is on a constant growth. It represents not only the technological future but the future of the economy as we know it.
Unfortunately, with such a rapid growth there are glaring issues which haven’t been addressed along the way. Perhaps the biggest problem with IoT today is its security. Better yet, lack thereof.
Keep in mind there are approximately 8.4 billion IoT devices being used today. They represent a bridge between physical and virtual. We can use them each day, around the house, office and for numerous other things. They have a wide application and there are lots of indicationsthat these items will further improve in terms of functionality and usefulness.
Even though there are lots of people who don’t use them yet, this is about to change. Just remember the cell phones; there were lots of skeptics at the beginning but nowadays everybody is using them. IoT devices are similar in that way as it seems there is no limit to their potential.
Stick with us as we dive deeper into IoT world and discover all the potential issues these devices carry with them.
Why Is IoT A Security Hazard?
Internet of Things represents a big network used by appliances and devices. Through it, these items are able to exchange data and perform various tasks.
An interesting thing about IoT as a concept is that it integrates various technologies. IoT, as well as IoT devices, are relying on machine learning, data analysis, cloud computing and various other processes. In a way, it is a culmination of everything we’ve invented so far regarding computers, internet, and mobile devices.
As mentioned, all these products are able to communicate with each other and perform various tasks. Furthermore, they are reliant upon each other. Smart TV, smart appliances, smart speakers are just some of the devices that are using the technology. Experts believe that one day we will be able to automatize the majority of processes within our home.
But with all these benefits come certain risks.
The major issue of IoT lies within its core concept: Connectivity.
While it's great having all these devices exchanging information on a constant basis, it is also a potential hazard. In other words, it means that a hacker can jeopardize the whole system by accessing it from any single point. Every device has to be well protected because if you have even one weak link, it will be easy for a malicious person to gain your sensitive, personal information.
Furthermore, if the security of IoT devices is not improved going forward, all of them will become a major target for organized crime and espionage. It opens a door to a completely new form of cyber-criminal.
You are probably wondering now: “If this is such an issue, why didn’t companies address it sooner?”
There are several reasons but if we have to sum it up, it is probably due to the fact that all these devices were rushed to the market.
IoT products are very appealing and it makes sense for people to want them. As a result, companies have prioritized developing their usefulness and functionality with just a minor focus on security and privacy. Keep in mind that if just one device made by one company lacks in security, the whole network can be compromised. This makes protection that much harder.
So far, we’ve mentioned that your private data can be jeopardized. What else can be affected?
- Functions within your home(heating, lighting, door locks, etc.)
- Cars, boats and other vehicles(navigation, lights, movement, etc.)
- Factories, offices, and other facilities(door locks, lighting, machine controls, etc.)
- Financial markets(by performing unwanted trades, tinkering with trading platforms, etc.)
Given that today everything is connected in one, big melting pot experienced hacker can do lots of damage to various systems and facilities, cripple financial markets, spy on people within their home, cause traffic accidents and so on.
This goes hand-in-hand with the modern approach to technology and how we like to have everything in one place. It is really great when you can connect to Gmail, Facebook, and other platforms from one computer just with one login, but we never think about the potential repercussions of such interconnectivity.
Although companies producing these devices still have to work on security and privacy features, you also have to be vigilant.
- Purchasing process
Needless to say, all of this can be avoided (at least to an extent) by purchasing the right stuff.
Now, keep in mind that like with computers, you can never be 100% safe and there is no guarantee that the product you buy will be bulletproof. Still, you can reduce the odds that the apps and devices are a liability.
Always prioritize companies that put safety first. At this moment in time, this is a big thing and you might get more benefit by simply having reliable IoT products than trendy ones. Check their site, read the reviews, see what other people are saying and how often they update their software (not only should these devices be reliable at the moment of purchase but later on as well).
Right now, there is one big issue when it comes to IoT devices – users are not trying to protect them enough.
The majority of them are really easy to set up; they are not like most programs, software and other application forms which take lots of time to enable. Instead, the setup is rather rudimentary. Thinking they are safe while using Amazon Alexa or some similar device (as they are using it within the confines of their home).
This is why you have to prioritize your password. Make sure to use different passwords, which you’re not using otherwise, and set up two-factor authentication. This might seem like a hassle but it is a good first step to protecting your information.
Besides device’s own password, you have to do the same with your Wi-Fi password. It has to be changed regularly. If you need some additional security, make sure to change it up from time to time.
- Security software
Needless to say, IoT devices have to be protected in the same way as your PC. In other words, you have to get a firewall and anti-virus protection. There are various potential threats that can endanger these items so you have to invest some money in proper internet protection.
Make sure to buya professional software; don’t settle for trial versions. Always bear in mind that each one of them requires separate protection and a new password. So, if you have several devices, whether at home, in a car or at your office, you will have to protect each one of them separately.
Virtual Private Network is a term that is often associated with piracy and some other unwanted activities. However, there is also a big positive for using one of these networks.
VPN encrypts data coming from your computer and puts you in a different geographic position. Most of the tools which you can subscribe to give you an option of choosing a country from which your IP “is coming from”. This gives you a lot of leeways when surfing the web.
These networks are especially great if you’re browsing from an insecurelocation: coffee shops, restaurants, and other public places are notorious for their lack of protection. In order to safeguard your data, use VPN in these situations. Even if you’re at home, perhaps it would be better to encrypt your IP address as it provides you with an additional layer of security.
What makes IoT devices so hard to protect is the fact that a hacker can enter from various points.
Let’s say you have several devices connected together and your child decides to take one of them to surf the Internet while unprotected. Even with your best attempts to maintain your privacy, unwanted situations may occur.
What do you do then? Put all these devices in one network.
By creating a guest network, you can rest assured that attack on one device will not cause a cascade effect endangering other products.
As mentioned before, security issues are a current thing. We can tell with a relative certainty that future devices and networks will be better protected and will not expose users as much.
Luckily for us, we tend to replace our mobile devices and applications rather frequently. Whether this is a good or bad thing, it is hard to tell but in this particular case, it will work wonders.
By getting newer versions of IoT devices you can rest assured they will have better protection than the previous ones. Naturally, this might be a big investment for most people. Instead of getting a new product, you can simply update the software and get better, newer programs for your old systems.
- Turning off
Of course, the simplest solution you can do is to simply turn off anything that you’re not using.
Today, we are used to having all these devices around us, working without end. This is especially true for products such as Google Home or Amazon Alexa. While it may be easy, it definitely is a threat.
Turn off anything and everything that you’re not using. This also goes for parts of devices. For example, external devices such as hard drives, microphones, and cameras can be used against you. So, as soon as you stop chatting or communicating, plug them off.
What is the future of IoT devices?
These products are definitely here to stay.
As we go forward, automation and artificial intelligence will increase in importance. Furthermore, certain industries are starting to replace their traditional human-focused solutions giving an advantage to the machines. In that regard, not only will these and similar devices be present in our homes, but we can also expect to see them in factories and offices.
IoT products have so much to offer. If you have a modern, smart home, you can do almost anything with them. They can automate various tasks regardless of whether they are small or big. Needless to say, they can also provide a big assistance to people with disabilities.
However, there is one thing that seems a bit concerning at this point – lack of diversity.
Suddenly, there are numerous items hitting the market. Unfortunately, most of them are similar when it comes to characteristics. It seems that big corporations such as Google and Amazon are simply trying to keep up the pace and be present without actually innovating. This is a big issue affecting security as well.
In future, it’s expected that IoT devices will become more diversified intheirquality, price and options. Also, there will likely be much more companies vying for a market share. This flexibility is one of the reasons why we can presume that the quality of IoT protection will increase as well. It will be a big win for all consumers.
For now, we have to settle forwhat we have. Although IoT has its threats, they can be easily circumvented if you behave responsibly.
Turn offyour devices when not using them, regularly update software and hardware, get some quality firewall protection and you will be fine!
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Industrial Re-Revolution Accessible for Manufacturers Big and Small
Editor's note: This is a guest blog from our friends at Manufacturing Talk Radio. This content offers an insight into how the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is redefining the manufacturing floor.
As technology advances, and new ways to innovate the manufacturing industry arise, an inherent issue exists that may stop smaller businesses from utilizing these new technologies. The underlying issue is cost and unfortunately, it is scaring people away from modernizing their business.
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can be used to increase efficiency in every facet of a business and is definitely a change that every manufacturer should start to make. With IIoT leading the charge and the Industrial Re-Revolution well on its way, many big name companies have already started investing in this technology.
Manufacturing Industry Investing Big in IIoT
In 2013, investors made over $1.1 billion worth of investments into the Industrial Internet of Things. Some of these investors include Google, GM and Ford. With more and more manufacturing companies making the switch to a fully connected workplace and big names buying into the technology, the IIoT is already becoming the mainstream way of managing in the industry
In 2012, a survey carried out by Forrester and Zebra Consulting stated only 15 percent of manufacturers had made the switch to at least one IIoT solution. As of this year that small percentage has skyrocketed to almost 63 percent of manufacturers either making the switch or planning the imminent switch to the new tech.
As far as start-up manufacturing businesses are concerned, these new solutions have led to savings of around 12 percent across the industry and has dropped maintenance costs by about 30 percent. This proves that the benefit of implementing IIoT into a business will far outweigh the initial investment.
But there’s more to IIoT than saving money. The major part of this development is improving efficiency and many companies have already been reaping the benefits.
For example, Greg Conary, Vice President of France-based Schneider Electrics, has said that the three major areas IIoT can help global manufacturers are smart manufacturing, asset performance, and augmented operators.
In a statement he said “In the past, we did data mining after the fact, usually after the product left the factory. Today, we can have real time analytics on the status of plants, which lets us respond faster to opportunities in the marketplace as they arise, as well as contribute to product quality and asset availability.” [Bit.ly/29ubCtE].
One of the ways Schneider Electrics helps the consumer achieve maximum asset performance is with a pump they provide that can be monitored digitally and will alert the owner if there is a problem.
Industrial Computer Enclosures
Nearly every manufacturer has at least one computer on the shop floor in today’s modern manufacturing industry. These computers are essential for data collection, customer and product management, along with a wide range of different functionalities that are vital for today’s business environment.
The workforce relies on these important pieces of technology to help create a smoother running facility and keep everyone informed. The digital revolution that the industry is currently navigating has made the industrial computer a necessary part of the factory floor.
Protecting these important machines is as critical as having them there in the first place. Just as a business would secure their private server, it is just as important for a business to protect their industrial computers. One of the more cost-effective and flexible ways to shield these systems is an industrial computer enclosure.
Armagard specialize in the design and manufacture of environmental computer enclosures. Built in-house, the units they make protect computers from a variety of damage threats associated with industrial operations.
The Industrial Re-Revolution is Shaping the Future
Knowing that these technologies can help any business big or small is an amazing way to keep the manufacturing community together. Making the change to these new technologies is not an easy task and industry leaders investing a lot of money into these advancements is a comforting notion for companies that may have been nervous to dip their toes in the water.
Manufacturing Day has just passed in the USA and it’s important to remember that these younger generations thrive on new technologies. Utilizing these new systems can help improve a business while also making it more attractive to new manufacturing talent.
Integrating computers on your manufacturing floor to join the industrial re-revolution? Download a copy of Armagard’s free resource, right here...
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I have recently bought a used Leslie 760 amplifier, but unfortunately it came without the pedal used to change the speed of the rotator and which also acts as preamp. A used pedal and the necessary cables is priced at about €400 so I decided to build one myself.
Luckily, some nice people has posted scanned versions of the old manuals for Leslie amps and put them online: http://www.captain-foldback.com/Leslie_sub/leslie_manuals.htm.
The amplifier does not have a normal jack-plug for connection with an instrument but has instead a 9-pole plug. At first glance, this seems a bit confusing, but it is quite simple: Pole 1 is ground and pole 2 is sound input. The rotator is activated by grounding pole 6 (slow) or pole 7 (fast).
With this information it was easy to build everything I needed: I built a small box with room for two jack plugs to be put on the amp. The first plug is mono for instrument connection, and is attached to pole 1 and 2. The other plug is for stereo which is connected to pole 6 and 7 (and ground). At the other end of this stereo cable I attached a switch pedal with two buttons: One for switching between grounding the two poles of the stereo jack and another for switching the connection on/off. I got everything for about €25 on musik-ding.de.
I still needed a preamp and found one by the brand ‘Art’ at 4Sound.dk for €35, so for about 60€ I got everything I needed to run the amp.
You are more than welcome to write me at email@example.com if you have any questions.
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WASHINGTON - Newt Gingrich is getting a big head - one befitting the most ferocious of prehistoric creatures.
The Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History is making a $5,000 replica of a tyrannosaur head that Gingrich, a dinosaur buff, will use to decorate his office.
The 5-foot casting will be paid for with private funds, not taxpayer dollars, according to museum spokesman Randall Kremer.
The Smithsonian traditionally has lent artifacts to members of Congress decorating their offices.
But some of Gingrich's colleagues find the whole arrangement a bit too indulgent.
"To commission a separate piece of art . . . in this time of cost cutting, that's not something I think I could justify," said Rep. Mark Foley, a GOP freshman from Florida.
Gingrich recently appointed four members of Congress to the Smithsonian's governing board of regents.
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the website where English Language teachers exchange resources:
worksheets, lesson plans, activities, etc.
Our collection is growing every day with the help of many teachers. If
you want to download you have to send your own contributions.
Uncountable and countable nouns and partitives to go with them worksheet
Uncountable and countable nouns and partitives to go with them
Activity cards to be cut up, placed on the table and again matched by students. There are two diffend sets of cards. First set contains partitives such as a bottle of... and the second set contains pictures to match e.g. wine to form foe example
A BOTTLE OF WINE et cetera.
Level:intermediate Age: 8-17
Copyright 20/9/2008 Bohda
Publication or redistribution of any part of this
document is forbidden without authorization of the
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I work with several research groups that focus on different aspects of education.
- The Physics Education Research Lab conducts a variety of research into students’ relationships with physics, how tools and environments shape those relationships, and the conditions that can influence or moderate those relationships.
- The Learning Machines Labs conducts education research using the tools of data science and machine learning to develop quantitative evidence for educational claims. It focuses its efforts on STEM education research.
- The Center for Computing in Science Education conducts research into students’ learning of computing in science environments and studies the tools and conditions that lead to different forms of learning. This research is conducted almost exclusively in Norway.
- The Computational Education Research Lab conducts research into student learning and engagement in computational and data science and the environments and conditions that shape that learning and participation.
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The fires that raged across the Bazilian Amazon were far from normal, despite what the local government would have you believe.
While the Amazon fires made headlines across the world, and galvanized public outrage and activism this summer, the Brazilian Government claimed that they were ‘normal’ for August and ‘below the historical average’. A new study shows that this is, basically, an outright lie — and that government-backed deforestation could be the cause.
According to the findings, the number of active Amazon fires in August was three times higher than in 2018, and the highest number seen since 2010.
“The marked upturn in both active fire counts and deforestation in 2019 therefore refutes suggestions by the Brazilian Government that August 2019 was a normal fire month in the Amazon,” says Professor Jos Barlow, lead author of the paper.
The team reports that, although fires in the Amazon can start in a number of ways, they found strong evidence in support of deforestation fostering the 2019 fires. The researchers used data collected from the Brazilian Government’s DETER-b deforestation detection system, which calculates deforestation by interpreting images taken by NASA satellites.
In July of 2019, the Brazilian Amazon saw four times as much deforestation by area as the average for the same period over the previous three years. The team explains that deforestation is almost always followed by fires, as cut vegetation is left to dry before being burned.
“Brazil has for the past decade been an environmental leader, showing to the world that it can successfully reduce deforestation. It is both economically and environmentally unwise to revert this trend,” adds Professor Barlow.
The link between deforestation and fires is strengthened by the fact that the August fires occurred in a period without a serious drought, which foster wildfires. The team further explains that the tall smoke plumes released by the fires strongly indicate that they were generated by large quantities of burning biomass. As the Amazon rainforest is a very wet environment, this strongly points to cut-and-dried plants as their likely fuel.
By September, the team writes, the number of active fires decreased by 35%. Although President Bolsonaro instituted a two-month moratoria on fires prior to this drop, the team is unsure whether the decline was due to the decision itself or due to heavy rains that occurred in that period. Still, the number of fires alone doesn’t accurately capture the full extent of the damage; the team explains that while the number of fires was counted, their extent was not.
“Our paper clearly shows that without tackling deforestation, we will continue to see the largest rainforest in the world being turned to ashes. We must curb deforestation,” says Dr Erika Berenguer, a co-author of the study.
The paper “Clarifying Amazonia’s burning crisis” has been published in the journal Global Change Biology.
Following record forest fires that shocked the world, Brazil is again in the spotlight as deforestation in the Amazon reached the highest annual level in a decade — putting more pressure on Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, seen by many as a supporter of the deforestation.
Almost 10,000 square kilometers of forest were lost in the year to August, which represents a hike of almost 30% from the previous year, according to Brazil’s space agency INPE.
This is the fastest deforestation rate the country has seen since 2008. It’s the equivalent to clearing two football pitches of forest per minute, according to INPE’s — the National Institute for Space Research, a research unit of the Brazilian Ministry of Science. The data was compiled with information from Prodes satellite system, which have produced annual deforestation rates for the region since 1988.
Reacting to the news, Adriana Ramos from the Socio-Environmental Institute, told The Guardian that the current administration is to blame for these changes:
“It is no surprise this is happening because the president has defended environmental crime and promoted impunity. The government weakened environmental protection, supported loggers and encouraged land-grabbing.”
Meanwhile, the NGO Climate Observatory said the increase in deforestation was the third most important experienced by Brazil, after the ones seen in 1995 and 1998, adding the growing clearing of forest is likely to continue.
“Proposals like legalizing land-grabbing, mining and farming on indigenous lands, as well as reducing the licensing requirements for new infrastructure will show that the coming years will be even worse,” Carlos Rittl, Climate Observatory executive secretary, told The Guardian.
The growing deforestation rates go completely against Brazil’s climate change pledges and its commitment to the Paris Agreement. On its contribution, Brazil vowed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030, in comparison to 2005 levels.
Currently, Brazil is not in line with the Paris Agreement goals of avoiding a temperature increase of more than two Celsius degrees, according to Climate Tracker (CAT) analysis. CAT has questioned Bolsonaro’s lack of climate policies, which have encouraged deforestation, lending more support to the idea that the current administration is at least partly to blame for the deforestation.
Back in August, Brazil declared a state of emergency due to a record number of forest fires in the Amazon region. Almost 73,000 fires were detected, which represented the highest number since 2013 and an increase of 83% from 2018. Those fires were directly connected to Brazil’s meat industry, as the ranchers tried to burn down patches of the forest to make way for soy plantations meant to feed livestock.
This is an important matter not just for Brazil, but for the entire planet. The Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in regulating the climate of the world, generating a large amount of oxygen and storing a very large amount of carbon.
During an ambush over the weekend, a member of an indigenous group in Northern Brazil that works to protect the Amazon rainforest was killed by illegal loggers, who also wounded another member of the group, according to local reports.
Paulino Guajajara was an indigenous warrior who belonged to a group called the “Guardians of the Forest” and was also a member of the Guajarara tribe. He was reportedly shot by illegal loggers while he was on a hunt in Maranhao, a state in northern Brazil that spans part of the Amazon rainforest.
Paulino Guajajara’s death comes as Brazil sees a rise in illegal loggers invading reservations and forest lands since President Jair Bolsonaro was elected. The right-wing leader has repeatedly called for the development of the Amazon region since taking office.
This is also in line with a spike in deforestation in Brazil during the Bolsonaro administration. Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) reported a record 72,843 fires this year, an 80 percent increase from last year. NASA noted that the fires were large enough that they could be spotted from space.
Sonia Guajajara, a member of the APIB, which is committed to fighting for indigenous peoples’ rights in Brazil, said on Twitter that it’s “time to stop this institutionalized genocide” after Paulino’s death. “Stop authorizing the bloodshed of our people!” she continued.
In an interview with Reuters in September, Paulino Guajajara told the news agency that though protecting the forest is dangerous, he and his people must continue the work.
“I’m scared at times, but we have to lift up our heads and act. We are here fighting,” he said then. “We have to preserve this life for our children’s future,” added Paulino Guajajara.
A recent study said killings of environmental defenders have doubled over the past 15 years to reach levels usually associated with war zones. The study revealed how murders of activists are concentrated in countries with the worst corruption and weakest laws.
At least 1,558 people in 50 countries were killed between 2002 and 2017 while trying to protect their land, water or local wildlife, says the analysis from NGO Global Witness, which calculated the death toll is almost half that of US troops killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001.
Subject to growing wildfires and deforestation, the Amazon has been recently challenged in Brazil and Bolivia. But there’s a ray of hope, as researchers are encouraging farmers to plant a tree species that could keep the soil fertile.
The inga tree, known as the ice cream bean three, can grow on the very poor soil left by destructive slash and burn land clearing and also improve the soil, making it fertile enough for other species to return.
The tree fixes nitrogen into the soil, a key nutrient for plants. Then, its beans can be sold by farmers, leaves from the trees can be fed to cattle, and they can be coppiced to create firewood – giving people several reasons to invest in growing them.
The Ouro Verde Institute in Brazil is behind an initiative designed to support farmers wishing to plant inga trees, aiming to prove that farmers can expect to get an income from the species – which is a type of legume.
Toby Pennington, a professor of tropical plant diversity and biogeography at the University of Exeter, told the BBC: “Even amongst legumes, they have pretty fantastic growth rates. If you had a cup of coffee this morning that came from Latin America, the odds are that it was growing underneath one of these inga trees.”
The ecosystems that thrive below the branches of the trees are also an important factor for boosting ecological diversity and assisting growers with the means of making even greater financial returns. Greater coverage of land where ingas are grown could also provide vital corridors for wildlife in the Amazon.
However, attempts to re-green areas of the Amazon needs to occur at the same time as stopping the destruction of the rainforest. Fires in the Amazon have increased by 84% since the same period last year, according to satellite data from Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research.
In June, the institute published data showing an 88% increase in deforestation in the Amazon compared to the same month a year ago. The data release led to Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro accusing the director of the National Institute for Space Research of lying, which apparently led to him being fired.
The Amazon rainforest has long been recognized as a repository of ecological services not only for local tribes and communities but also for the rest of the world. It is also the only rainforest that we have left in terms of size and diversity.
In just two years, the Amazon rainforest could reach a tipping point in which it would stop producing enough rain to sustain itself and start slowly converting into a savannah, releasing billions of tons of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, a Brazilian economist warned.
Usually described as the “lungs of the planet,” the Amazon has been severely affected by a set of forest fires during its latest dry season. The policies of President Jair Bolsonaro were linked to the unusual number of fires, as farmers clear out land for their crops.
Monica de Bolle, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington DC, issued the tipping point warning in a policy brief, which created controversy. Some believe the tipping point is still 15 to 20 years away, while others agree with de Bolle.
“It’s a stock, so like any stock you run it down, run it down – then suddenly you don’t have any more of it,” de Bolle, whose brief also recommended solutions to the current crisis, told The Guardian.
Brazil’s space research institute, INPE, reported that deforestation in August was 222% higher than in August 2018. Maintaining the current rate of increase INPE reported between January and August this year would bring the Amazon close to the estimated tipping point as soon as 2021, de Bolle said.
“If Bolsonaro is serious about developing the Amazon without paying any attention to sustainability or maintaining the forest’s standing, these rates would happen within his mandate,” she added.
One of Brazil’s leading climate scientists and a senior researcher at the University of São Paulo’s, Carlos Nobre questioned her calculation that estimated deforestation would quadruple from an estimate of nearly 18,000 km2 this year to nearly 70,000 km2 by 2021.
“It seems very improbable to me – the projected deforestation increase is more an economic calculation than ecological,” he said. However, he added: “We are seeing an increase in deforestation, I am not questioning this.”
Last year, Nobre argued in an article written with celebrated American conservation biologist Thomas Lovejoy that the Amazon tipping point could happen in eastern, southern and central Amazonia when 20% to 25% of the rainforest has been felled – not expected for 20 to 25 years. He has since brought forward his prediction by about five years.
“The Amazon is already 17% deforested, so when you calculate at the current rate of deforestation, this 20% to 25% is reached in 15 to 20 years,” he said. “I hope she is wrong. If she is right, it is the end of the world.”
Lovejoy, a professor at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, said that de Bolle’s projection could come true because global heating, soaring deforestation and an increase in Amazon fires have created a “negative synergy” that is accelerating its destruction – citing droughts in recent years as a warning sign.
“We are seeing the first flickering of that tipping,” he told The Guardian. “It’s sort of like a seal trying to balance a rubber ball on its nose … the only sensible thing to do is to do some reforestation and build back that margin of safety.”
Among other commitments under the Paris climate deal, Brazil agreed to reforest 12m hectares and end illegal deforestation by 2030. Mongabay reported last month that Brazil looks increasingly unlikely to meet its Paris targets. Deforestation began rising under Rousseff in 2013 after nine years of decline and has accelerated under Bolsonaro.
As a result of the raging forest fires that continue to burn in areas of Latin America, more than two million wild animals have died in Bolivia, including jaguars, pumas, and llamas, among many others.
Scientists estimate about 2.4 million animals perished in fires burning in protected forest and grassland areas, such as the tropical savannas of the Chiquitania region in eastern Bolivia.
“We have consulted the biologists of Chiquitania and we have exceeded the estimate of more than 2.3 million missing animals in many protected areas,” Professor Sandra Quiroga of Santa Cruz University said.
More than 34,000 fires have so far affected Bolivia. They have been linked to farmers clearing land for their crops, as well as extended dry periods. Sergio Vasquez, a disaster response manager at World Animal Protection, described it as the biggest emergency Bolivia has ever seen.
The main victims of the fires have been Latin American ocelots, and other wild cats like pumas and jaguars, as well as deer, llamas — and smaller forest animals like anteaters, badgers, lizards, tapirs, and rodents, according to biologists investigating the scale of the damage.
“The forest is totally charred, and the damage is irreversible. It will never get back to normal,” said Quiroga.
Among the country’s nine departments, eastern Santa Cruz has been the hardest hit since the fires began in May and intensified in late August. Back then, the government enlisted special firefighting planes, a Supertanker Boeing 747 and a Russian Ilyushin, as well as helicopters, 5,000 firefighters, soldiers and police
Nevertheless, the fires have still not been extinguished. Environmentalists blame laws enacted under leftist President Evo Morales, who has encouraged the burning of forest and pastureland to expand agricultural production. The government attributes the blazes to dry weather and flame-fanning winds.
The situation faced by Bolivia is not much different than what’s happening in the Brazilian Amazon, though Brazil has received far more attention. In Brazil, the fires are also endangering the countless species but with no clear understanding of the consequences yet.
“The scale, intensity, and velocity of fire destruction are alarming and more intense than any other threat in comparable timescales,” Esteban Payan, the South America regional director for Panthera, said. “This is so alarming because there isn’t an equivalent collective response.”
Over the past few weeks, the world has witnessed in horror as the Amazon rainforest became engulfed in devastating fires. Besides fire, the Amazon’s iconic canopies are constantly being besieged by land clearing for agriculture, logging, and mining. However, scientists are researching ways to rebuild the rainforest.
Writing in a new study, researchers at Wake Forest University’s Center for Amazonian Scientific Innovation (CINCIA) found that biochar — charcoal used in soil amendment — is a cheap and effective material that can improve tree seedling survival during reforestation efforts.
The first few months following transplanting are the most vulnerable in a tree seedling’s life, but the researchers found that adding just a bit of biochar improves the soil, thereby improving the survivability of the seedlings. Adding fertilizers gives maximum results, the researchers found.
Biochar is beneficial for the soil, allowing it to retain more water and become less acidic. Biochar is also a great environment for microbes, which aid plant growth. Finally, biochar holds fertilizer and releases it over time. This winning combo decreases the need for repeat application of fertilizer, thereby lowering replanting costs.
For their study, the research team used soils from the San Jacinto native community in Peru, whose lands have been affected by gold mining. When the researchers led by Miles Silman analyzed this particular soil, they found that it was devoid of organic matter and microbes.
After adding biochar and fertilizers to two tropical tree species (Guazuma crinita and Terminalia amazonia) grown in the depleted soil, the researchers found that they could “fix” the damaged soil.
“We show that while both biochar and fertilizer can improve tree seedling growth, combining them makes seedlings thrive beyond either amendment alone,” said Silman.
The study suggests that biochar is excellent for recovering soil from areas damaged by gold mining.
“These are the kinds of landscapes we have to recover, and we are still trying to determine how to grow plants in them,” Silman said. “This soil is extremely limiting for natural regrowth, but treating them with biochar turns it into something that plants can grow in. That’s good for biodiversity and good for the people that have to make a living from the land.”
With global attention focused on the fires burning across the Brazilian Amazon, neighboring Bolivia is battling its own vast blazes, which have charred an area nearly as extensive as the nation of Lebanon.
At least 38,793 fires are burning across the country and a total of 3,700 square miles (950,000 hectares) have been burned so far this year, according to Cliver Rocha, director of the National Forests and Lands Authority in Bolivia.
The largest part of the fires is in the Chiquitanía region of southeastern Bolivia, a zone of dry forest, farmland and open prairies that has seen an expansion of farming and ranching in recent years. In addition to the environmental damage, there’s also a massive economic cost: an estimated US$1.1 billion worth of timber has been destroyed because of the fires this year alone.
Bolivia’s president, Evo Morales, has previously rejected offers of international help to battle the fires, but now he announced that he would interrupt his re-election campaign for a week to help coordinate foreign aid efforts.
“Any cooperation is welcome, whether it comes from international organizations, celebrities or from the presidents who offered to help,” Morales said in Cochabamba, where he had been campaigning for a fourth term in office.
Morales said he had been called by global leaders, including the presidents of Paraguay, Chile, and Spain. Firefighters from Chile and Argentina as well as France, Spain, and Russia were deployed to help fight the flames, according to local media reports.
The government contracted the world’s largest firefighting tanker plane from the United States, and officials say it has helped control the expansion of the fires, but hot, dry and windy conditions have kept the blazes burning. Peru contributed to the effort by sending two helicopter tankers.
Last week, the pan-Amazon indigenous organization COICA accused Morales, and his Brazilian counterpart, Jair Bolsonaro, of “gutting every environmental and social strategy to strengthen environmental governance of the Amazon”.
the two governments as not welcome in the Amazon and held them personally accountable
for the “cultural and environmental genocide” in the world’s largest
Bolivian Friends of Nature Foundation has complained that the government
ignored fire precautions needed at a time when the area — unlike the Amazon
further north — is suffering drought conditions.
July issued a decree allowing controlled burns and clearing of lands. While
people are supposed to obtain prior permission, authorities say most of the
fires have been started illegally. Morales also granted an amnesty for people
caught burning fields illegally last year.
The Amazon rainforest is burning, with hundreds of wildfires in Brazil and Bolivia that so far haven’t been stopped. New satellite imagery from NASA shows an enormous cloud of poisonous carbon monoxide rising from the devastation.
were taken from NASA’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument, aboard
the Aqua satellite, and show the cloud evolving between Aug. 8 and Aug. 22. It
starts first over Brazil, where the majority of the rainforest is located, and
ultimately spreads to most of the northern part of South America.
“A pollutant that can travel large distances, carbon monoxide can persist in the atmosphere for about a month,” NASA wrote on its website. “At the high altitude mapped in these images, the gas has little effect on the air we breathe; however, strong winds can carry it downward to where it can significantly impact air quality. Carbon monoxide plays a role in both air pollution and climate change.”
The vast specter changes colors, going from green to yellow to red, which represents a rather large increase in carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. NASA said that green indicates concentrations of approximately 100 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), while yellow is indicative of 120 ppbv and dark red of 160 ppbv.
The normal concentration
is considered at 100ppbv, according to the University Corporation for
Atmospheric Research. Experiencing a higher level can lead to headache,
dizziness, weakness, upset stomach, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion, all flu-like
recently spotted cloud may float at too high an altitude to pose a serious risk
on the ground, it’s not the only airborne hazard released by the ongoing
wildfires. Last week, smoke from the fires traveled halfway across Brazil to
blanket São Paulo in a midnight-black haze in the middle of the afternoon.
Brazil’s National Space Research Institute, which monitors deforestation, has recorded that the number of fires has risen by 85 percent to more than 77,000 in the last year, a record since the institute began keeping track in 2013. About half of the fires have been in the Amazon region, with many in just the past month.
At a summit
in France, the Group of Seven nations pledged $20 million on Monday to help
fight the flames in the Amazon and protect the rainforest, in addition to a
separate $12 million from Britain and $11 million from Canada. Nevertheless,
Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has so far been reluctant to accept the
Wildfires are raging throughout the Amazon forest, making headlines worldwide and pushing the world’s largest forest closer and closer to an ecological “tipping point” at which the forest could irretrievably degrade into drylands.
But is be a complex story, and online discussion has been riddled with misinformation, misleading photos, and outright errors. To fill in the gaps and bust some common myths, we answered some of the key questions regarding the forest fires.
What is happening in the Amazon now?
Fires are burning in Brazil and Bolivia, many of them in the world’s llargest rainforest, the Amazon, sending clouds of smoke across the region and pumping alarming quantities of carbon into the world’s atmosphere.
So far this
year, almost 73,000 fires have been detected, which marks an 83% increase from
2018 and the highest number on record since 2013. In several states across
Brazil, the amount of ash and other particulates in August has hit the highest
level since 2010.
Is all the Amazon forest under fire?
No, images of an entire forest ablaze are exaggerated. There has been misinformation spread in social media, using images of previous years’ burning seasons. There are larger fires in Colombia and eastern Brazil than in the Amazon. While there are fires in protected areas, most of them are in already deforested ones.
What’s causing the forest fires?
The fires are mostly caused by farmers clearing forest for cropland or burning stubble after the harvest season. Illegal land-grabbers are also responsible, destroying trees to raise the value of the property they seize. They are manmade and, in many cases, deliberate. Unlike the recent forest fires in Siberia and Alaska, the Amazon fires are very unlikely to have been caused by lightning. Many of the fires can be linked to deforestation for soy crops, which is used to feed cattle and pigs to support the ever-growing demand for meat.
Why is the Amazon so important?
The Amazon rainforest is known as the “planet’s lungs,” because it provides a large part of the Earth’s atmospheric oxygen. The rainforest also removes vast amounts of carbon from the atmosphere and stores it, which can help slow down global warming. Additionally, the rainforest is home to more than 3 million species of plants and animals, representing the most biodiversity in the world. Millions of indigenous people also live in the Amazon rainforest.
If the Amazon is the planet’s lungs, should we worry about oxygen?
crops being planted in the cleared forest areas would also produce oxygen, quite
likely at higher levels. So, although the burning of the rainforest is worrying
for many reasons, there is no need to worry about an oxygen shortage.
If it’s not oxygen, what are the consequences of the forest fires?
It’s mostly CO2 and ecosystem destruction. Mostly illegal, the forest fires are degrading the world’s biggest terrestrial carbon sink and most important home for biodiversity. They also contribute to a rise in deforestation in the region. Scientists argue the Amazon is approaching a tipping point, after which it will irreversibly degrade into a dry savannah. This is happening at a time when the world needs billions of more trees to absorb carbon and stabilize the climate.
How much forest is being lost?
Deforestation spiked in July to a level not seen in more than a decade. Trees were being cleared at the rate of five football pitches every minute, according to Brazil’s space agency. Over the single month, 2,254 sq km (870 sq miles) were lost, a rise of 278% in the same month last year. This year could be the first for 10 years in which 10,000 sq km of Amazon are lost.
been able to slow down deforestation by 80% between 2005 and 2014. This was
done with strict monitoring, better policing and stiffer penalties. But that
system has been eroded in recent years and many fear a return to the alarming
levels of forest loss that occurred two decades ago.
Is the Brazilian national government the one to blame?
Yes, at least in part. Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro weakened the country’s environment agency, attacking conservation NGOs and promoting the opening of the Amazon to mining, farming, and logging. He also dismissed satellite data on deforestation and fired the head of the space agency. Alongside Bolsonaro, the agricultural lobby is powerful in Brazil and it has steadily eroded the protection system that was so successful from 2005-2014.
How is Brazil being helped by the rest of the world?
The United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, world leaders, and celebrities have expressed their concern about the situation in Brazil. The issue was one of the main topics in the G7 leaders’ summit in France, with countries committing to release US$22 million to help stop the fires. Brazil’s neighboring countries Argentina and Uruguay have also offered help to Brazil.
If the fires are stopped, could the Amazon be fully restored?
Yes. The areas in the Amazon that are currently being burned have a high restoration potential because the Amazonian ecosystem is incredibly resilient, and also because so many areas that are degraded are in close proximity to the intact forest. Nevertheless, it will take time and effective efforts to leave the forest alone. Naturally regenerating tropical forests take about 20 years for forest cover to come back.
What can individuals do?
No matter how far you live from the Amazon rainforest, you are probably benefiting from all that it gives to the Earth.
There are a few things you can do to show your support, such as donating to donating highly-rated charities that are fighting to protect the Amazon, such as Amazon Watch. Also, you can reduce your beef and dairy consumption, activities that can lead to deforestation — this is probably the most important and significant thing you can do. Lastly, pushing your politicians to take action on these issues, both locally and globally. At the very least, being aware (and spreading awareness) can also amount to something.
The Amazon rainforest is burning at a record rate, with Brazil having declared a state of emergency over the rising number of fires in the region. So far this year, almost 73,000 fires have been detected, which marks an 83% increase from 2018 and the highest number on record since 2013.
a sharp spike in deforestation during July, which has been followed by extensive
burning in August. Local newspapers have argued farmers in some regions are organizing
“fire days” to take advantage of weaker enforcement by the Brazilian
Amazon rainforest is typically wet and humid, July and August — the onset of
the dry season — are the area’s driest months, with “activity”
peaking by early September and stopping by mid-November, according to NASA. The
fires are largely linked to people clearing out the land for farming or
Satellite images show fires in the Brazilian states of Amazonas, Rondonia, Para, and Mato Grosso. The state of Amazonas is the most affected. The effects of damage to the Amazon go far beyond Brazil and its neighbors. The area’s rainforest generates more than 20% of the world’s oxygen and harbors 10% of the world’s known biodiversity.
The Amazon is usually referred to as “the lungs of the planet” and plays a major role in regulating the climate. The world would drastically change if the rainforest were to disappear, impacting everything from farming to the water we drink.
coming out from the forest fires can actually be seen from space. The European
Union Earth Observation Program’s Sentinel satellites captured images of
“significant amounts of smoke” over Amazonas, Rondonia and other
areas. Skies also darkened over San Paulo after winds carried smoke.
Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, has also faced criticism. People are charging him with a lack of action and with encouraging logging and farming in the Amazon. Bolsonaro accused environmental groups of starting the fires, as a way to embarrass his administration.
“On the question of burning in the Amazon, which in my opinion may have been initiated by NGOs because they lost money, what is the intention? To bring problems to Brazil,” the president told a steel industry congress in Brasilia.
media started the hashtags #PrayforAmazonas and #AmazonRainforest. Twitter
users criticized media for giving more attention to the fire at Notre Dame and
other news than to the rainforest fires. Social media users also called out
billionaires for lack of donations.
New research from the University of Miami’s Rosenstiel School of Marine shows that African wildfires supply the Amazon with vital nutrients.
Image via Pixabay.
The team reports that winds blow nutrient-rich aerosol (i.e. smoke) from Africa that keep the Amazon Basin fertile. These aerosols are estimated to deposit around one half of the phosphorus that plant life in the Basin consumes. In effect, this makes the African continent a key player in the Amazonian ecosystem.
“It had been assumed that Saharan dust was the main fertilizer to the Amazon Basin and Tropical Atlantic Ocean by supplying phosphorus to both of these ecosystems,” says the study’s senior author Cassandra Gaston, an assistant professor in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at UM’s Rosenstiel School.
“Our findings reveal that biomass burning emissions transported from Africa are potentially a more important source of phosphorus to these ecosystems than dust.”
Previous research has shown that dust blown over from the Sahara and other desert regions in Africa act as sources of nutrients for South America. The role of smoke in this, however, was still unknown.
Besides seeding the Amazonian Basin with phosphorus — enabling its wealth of biodiversity and productivity to sequester significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide — the team also found that these aerosols fertilize the Tropical Atlantic and Southern oceans (TAO), sustaining the phytoplankton that is the basis of the marine ecosystem in the region.
The findings are based on measurements of windborne dust, phosphorus and soluble phosphorus Amazon’s northeastern coast. The team also tracked winds from the African continent using satellite data.
Wind-borne dust wasn”t very rich in phosphorus. The team reports that it actually acts as the area’s main supply of low-solubility phosphorus (P) in February through April contributing around 5%. September through November, however, the team recorded high levels of soluble P originating from biomass fires in Southern Africa. This also coincided with the season when dust deposits are lower.
The team crosschecked their findings by identifying aerosols from Africa on high-soluble-P measurement days using satellite imagery. They also traced back all high-soluble-P aerosols in air masses that had passed over the Sahara and the Sahel where biomass burning was active.
The team says their findings offer a new perspective on biomass-burning emissions, which are considered primarily destructive in terms of air quality. While such events are known to promote new growth in their wake, it’s exciting to see how it can affect developments on a whole other continent.
It also helps explain how the Amazon Basin manages to retain its immense biodiversity and productivity despite heavy, year-round rainfall, which drains the soil of nutrients. It dentifies an important nutrient source for marine ecosystems in the region.
The paper “African biomass burning is a substantial source of phosphorus deposition to the Amazon, Tropical Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean” has been published in the journal PNAS.
Unlike the animation Rio, in real life, there are no more Spix’s Macaws left in the wild. Credit: Cinema Blend.
In the 2011 animation film Rio, a captive-raised Spix’s Macaw by the name of Blu arrives in Brazil to mate with the last-known wild member of his species, a female named Jewel. In real life, however, Rio would have arrived a decade too late.
According to a recent study, the last wild Spix’s Macaw disappeared in 2000 and the species is now presumed extinct apart from a handful of specimens born and raised in captivity. Along with it are seven other bird species that have suffered the same fate in the last decade.
The study, funded by the non-profit BirdLife International, statistically analyzed 51 critically endangered bird species and found that eight could likely be classified as extinct or very close to extinction. Specifically, three are already extinct, one is extinct in the wild — there are an estimated 70 Spix’s Macaws (Cyanopsitta spixii), left in the world, all captive — and four are extremely close to extinction, if not already gone.
A total of 187 species of birds have gone extinct since scientists started keeping records. Historically, birds native to islands have been the most vulnerable due to invasive species, but deforestation ramped by expanding agriculture and logging is growing fast as the leading driver of avian extinction.
“Ninety percent of bird extinctions in recent centuries have been of species on islands,” said Dr. Stuart Butchart, BirdLife’s Chief Scientist and lead author on the paper. “However, our results confirm that there is a growing wave of extinctions sweeping across the continents, driven mainly by habitat loss and degradation from unsustainable agriculture and logging”.
Adult Spix’s macaw in Vogelpark Walsrode, Germany in 1980. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
Butchart and colleagues hope that their work will inspire more action to prevent other extinctions. Five of the eight extinctions reported in the journal Biological Conservationinvolve species in South America, four of which happened in Brazil. The Amazon, where most of these extinct species were once abundant, lost 17 million hectares of forest between 2001 and 2012. Unlike other animals, birds are more vulnerable to habitat loss because they often occupy ecological niches, consuming specific prey and nesting in specific trees.
“Our results confirm that there is a growing wave of extinctions sweeping across the continents, driven mainly by habitat loss and degradation from unsustainable agriculture and logging,” said Butchart.
With privacy concerns mounting around the Alexa digital assistant, Amazon adds an ‘amnesia’ command — one that will delete a conversation it overheard.
Image via Pixabay.
This Wednesday, Amazon announced adding a new command for Alexa — “Alexa, delete everything I said today”. According to the company, it does pretty much what it says on the tin: the personal assistant will not remember a thing. It also says a command to order Alexa to delete a particular conversation — something that was just said, for example — is in the works.
A step in the right direction or a bandaid for the wrong one?
Concerns have been steadily mounting that internet-linked, microphone-equipped smart speakers can listen in on private conversations or interactions. As of writing this, typing “is Alexa” in Google returns “is Alexa spying on me” right behind “is Alexa smarter than me”, which illustrates the public interest in this topic in a pretty amusing way.
In recent months, criticism of both Amazon and other manufacturers of smart-speakers escalated, as more and more of these devices found their way to peoples’ homes. Earlier this month, a coalition of 19 consumer groups accused Amazon of illegally collecting voice recordings and other identifying information on users under 13 with its Echo Dot Kids Edition. There are also safety concerns regarding the devices.
Amazon didn’t stay deaf to these concerns (do you think Alexa snitched on us?) and wants to help consumers delete recordings of their voices from its Echo range of devices, which run Alexa. As such, it made this operation available via a simple voice command. The company previously provided tools in the Alexa app and on its website to erase those recordings. Microphones and cameras on Echo smart speakers can also be turned off, they add.
However, the can has been rattled, and smart-speakers are coming under increased scrutiny. The California State Assembly, for example, is working on a bill that would force smart-speaker manufacturers to obtain consumer consent before saving recordings of commands or conversations. Frankly, I don’t get how this wasn’t required already. Other legislators are also considering similar moves, and the Illinois Senate has recently passed a bill on the issue.
Right now, AI assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa and Apple’s Siri keep recordings of everything said to them after their ‘wake’ words by default, to help better train the software. Google’s assistant (named Assistant) was recently revised to no longer record what it hears after its wake words (“Okay, Google”) by default. Many consumers complain that — although the devices aren’t supposed to record anything without first being addressed to directly — sometimes these smart-speakers accidentally turn on and record conversations it was not invited to.
Amazon said that it introduced the voice commands to allow customers easier control of their privacy. Users will be able to remove the day’s recordings by saying, “Alexa, delete everything I said today.” In the near future, the company adds, they will also implement the command “Alexa, delete what I just said” to allow customers to erase the last request they made of the device.
Archaeologists working in South America have discovered a shamanic pouch which contained traces of powerful hallucinogenic substances including cocaine, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and harmine — key active compounds in ayahuasca, a mind-blowing brew commonly associated with the Amazon jungle.
“This is the first evidence of ancient South Americans potentially combining different medicinal plants to produce a powerful substance like ayahuasca,” said Melanie Miller, a researcher with UC Berkeley’s Archaeological Research Facility who uses chemistry and various technologies to study how ancient humans lived.
Ritual bundle contents include a leather bag, carved wooden snuff tablets, and a snuff tube with human hair braids. Image credits: Juan Albarracin-Jordan and José M. Capriles.
Ayahuasca may be enjoying a recent surge in popularity in some circles, but the hallucinogenic concoction goes back a long time. In the 16th century, Christian missionaries from Spain first encountered native South Americans in the western Amazonian basin using ayahuasca. Of course, they considered this to be the “the work of the devil”, and given the situation, you can’t really blame them.
Ayahuasca, a strongly hallucinogenic brew, is considered to be a traditional spiritual medicine in ceremonies among the indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin. People who have consumed ayahuasca often report having mystical or religious experiences and spiritual revelations and claim a cathartic, rebirth-like experience.
Recently, archaeologists uncovered one of the oldest pieces of evidence regarding the usage of this brew. The remarkably well-preserved ritual bundle was found by archaeologists at a high elevation of 4,000 meters (13,000 feet) in southwestern Bolivia, where llamas and alpacas roam the land. The leather kit includes a purse made from three fox snouts sewn together and dates back to the pre-Inca Tiwanaku civilization. The Tiwanaku dominated the southern Andean highlands from about 550 to 950 A.D. Miller and colleagues also found intricately carved wooden “snuffing tablets” and a “snuffing tube” with human hair braids attached, llama bone spatulas, a colorful woven textile strip, and dried plant material. No human remains were uncovered at the site, but all these objects were well-preserved, due to the dry conditions of the Andean highlands.
The Cueva del Chileno in Bolivia where the bundle was found. Image credits: Juan Albarracin-Jordan and José M. Capriles.
Researchers believe this to be a ritual site, probably used by experienced shamans since the substances involved produced quite serious effects.
“A lot of these plants, if consumed in the wrong dosage, could be very poisonous,” Miller said. “So, whoever owned this bundle would need to have had great knowledge and skills about how to use these plants, and how and where to procure them.”
At the very best, “tryptamine DMT produces strong, vivid hallucinations that can last from minutes to an hour, but combined with harmine, you can have prolonged out-of-body altered states of consciousness with altered perceptions of time and of the self,” Miller said.
This pouch was made from three fox snouts. When Miller scraped the inside, she found evidence of hallucinogenic substances. Image credits: Juan Albarracin-Jordan and José M. Capriles.
Many South American civilizations believed that you can embody the soul of an animal, which is probably why the pouch was made particularly from fox snouts. For Miller, who undertook a two-day journey to reach the excavation area, it was thrilling to study the artifacts.
“We were amazed to see the incredible preservation of these compounds in this ritual bundle,” said Miller. “I feel very lucky to have been a part of this research.”
She and her lab provided the technology needed to conduct toxicology tests on the samples, which included liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, two technologies used to identify and quantify the components of a mixture. At first, archaeologists were unsure what to make of the stash, but when the lab results came in, everything clicked: everything was used for spiritual purposes — or to consume drugs, depending on how you see things.
The study indicates that ayahuasca and other similar substances have been consumed for over a thousand years in the Amazon basin. Nowadays, ayahuasca is experiencing an unexpected revival in places such as California, where some claim that it has become “as common as a cup of coffee.” Recent studies have also found that ayahuasca may help in treating conditions such as depression.
The study “Chemical evidence for the use of multiple psychotropic plants in a 1,000-year-old ritual bundle from South America” by Miller et al. has been published in PNAS.
Lenght isn’t everything so today, we’re taking a look at which river can boast being the widest.
Sunset over the Amazon River. Image credits Oscar Castillo.
Earlier this week, we looked at which river is the longest in the world — a deceptively tricky question to answer, as my colleague Tibi showed. Width, by contrast, should be much more straightforward, shouldn’t it?
Well, not really; but let’s get into it.
Widest of the wide
Before we bite into the issue, let’s take a moment to talk estuaries.
Rivers that flow out to sea in tidal regions tend to form wide mouths known as estuaries. The Thames, the Loire, La Plata, Saint-Lawrence, Ob-Irtysh, the Tagus rivers, are some of the rivers that form estuaries. Due to tidal movements on the one hand and the river’s outflow on the other, estuaries tend to hold brackish water — a mixture of sweet and salt water brought in by the tides. The same motions that mix these two also flush out silt and other sediment flowing out to sea. In effect, this prevents the river from forming new deposits at its mouth.
Satellite image of the Amazon River estuary (Brazil), with Marajó Island in the center, and the cities (in red) of Macapá (left) and Belém (right). Image credits NASA / LandSat / Geocover 1990 via Wikimedia.
Estuaries, then, resemble deltas sans the solid bits. This is quite relevant in the context of the discussions we’re having today, as deltas tend to be wide, fan or funnel-shaped structures.
Since estuaries aren’t technically rivers, I’m not going to include them in the comparison to follow (sorry, estuaries). To give you an idea of how massively wide such structures can get, the St. Lawrence River (on the Canada-US border) estuary — the widest in the world — boasts over 140 km in width. That’s wider than the state of New Hampshire, and simply dwarfs anything a river can reach.
With that out of the way, we’re left with five candidates for the title of “World’s Widest River”: the Missouri, Amazon, Mekong, Huanghe, and Congo rivers.
Function of circumstance
The length of a river may be tricky to measure because there are many ways to go about it. Their width, however, is hard to gauge because it changes over time.
A river’s length is mostly a product of geography — where it springs, where it flows out to sea, and the terrain between these two points. Their width is mostly a function of volume — i.e. how much water it carries. Geography tends to stay constant; volume likes some variety.
However, since volume weighs so heavily, a likely victor appears: the Amazon.
The Amazon has the largest drainage system (the surface it draws water from) in the world, covering a large part of South America — some 350,000 sq kilometers. Even better, that drainage system includes vast expanses of rainforest, which tend to be very humid environments that see large quantities of precipitation.
This bountiful fief makes the Amazon a leviathan. It single-riverly supplies 20% of all the fresh water that drains into oceans on Earth. Its average output — of 209,000 cubic meters (7,381,000 cubic ft) per second — exceeds the average output of the next seven riverscombined.
All that water helps make the Amazon the widest river in the world. During the dry season, it is about 11 kilometers (6.8 miles) wide at its widest points. During the wet season, it explodes to some 40 kilometers (24.8 miles) in width. In terms of surface (width times length), the Amazon covers around 110,000 sq km (42,400 sq miles) during the dry season, and it more than triples during the wet season to 350,000 sq km (135,000 sq miles), according to Extreme Science.
The Amazon currently holds the Guinness World Record for the widest river in the world — 11 kilometers (7 miles) at its widest point, measured on the 18th of March, 2005.
Measuring the world’s longest river is actually not as simple as it sounds. The process is far more complicated than finding the source and the mouth then measuring the distance between them. Rivers often join together in river systems making it very difficult to pinpoint where an individual river begins and where it ends.
How do you measure a river? It’s not as simple as using a ruler
Today, most hydrologists agree that the most accepted method is to measure the longest possible along-thalweg continuous distance from the headwaters of the 1st order stream to the mouth of a river. The thalweg is a line connecting the lowest points of successive cross-sections along the course of a valley or river. A 1st order stream is a stream without any tributaries entering. When two 1st order streams meet, they form a 2nd order stream and when two or more 2nd order streams meet, they form a 3rd order stream — and so on. In other words, to find the longest river, you have to measure the length of the longest continuous river channel in a given river system.
That’s still a gross oversimplification because, in practice, things can get very tricky. For instance, for most rivers, the mouth is easy to determine and measure, but for very large rivers like the Amazon, which flows into the ocean, placing the mouth can be less concrete — and can make all the difference in terms of river length. Another example of murky measurement is the Mississippi, whose headwaters are considered by the USGS to be Lake Itasca in Minnesota, yet if its longest tributary is taken into account (the Jefferson and Missouri rivers), it becomes three times as long.
I know what you’re thinking — get to the damn question already.
Well, there are two ways to think about the largest river. One is length, where the Nile takes the crown, and the other is volume, where the Amazon clearly stands out among all other river systems in the world.
The Nile — the longest river in the world
According to the U.S. National Park Service, the river Nile is the longest in the world, spanning 4,135 miles (6,650 kilometers). Though it mostly runs through Egypt, from its source in Burundi to its delta on the Mediterranean Sea, the Nile also passes through nine other African countries: Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The biggest lake in Africa, Lake Victoria, was historically regarded as the source of the river Nile. A waterfall known as Ripon Falls on the northern edge of the lake pours water through a narrow opening, which many claim this to be the very beginning of the Nile. But if that’s the case, what’s the source of Ripon Falls? Lake Victoria is surrounded by mountains riddled with streams which tumble down into the lake. The largest tributary of Lake Victoria is the Kagera River, which has its headwater in Burundi. It is from here that the Nile is measured as the world’s longest river.
Some 300 million people depend on this river for their water supply and for food crop irrigation.
There’s even a dam that harnesses the Nile’s energy — the Aswan High Dam. After it was completed in 1970, for some years it used to provide half of the electricity demand of Egypt, though this figure has steadily decreased as the nation increased its electricity demand. It now supplies around 20% of the country’s electricity. The dam also controls summer flooding.
At the other side of the spectrum, officially, the shortest river is the D River in Oregon, USA, which is just 37 meters long.
The Amazon — the largest river in the world by water volume
Credit: Maps of the World.
It’s not even close: the Amazon is considered the 2nd longest river in the world, spanning 3,980 miles (6,400 kilometers). However, it holds the title of the world’s largest river by volume. On average, 120,000 cubic meters (about 20 swimming pools’ worth) of water flows out of its mouth every second. It contains a staggering 20% of the world’s fresh water supply. Some parts of the river can exceed 120 miles (190 kilometers) in width when the Amazon swells during the wet season. Even in dry conditions, the Amazon is so wide throughout its length that to this day, no bridge spans it.
From its source in Peru, the Amazon, or Rio Amazonas in Portuguese and Spanish, flows mostly through Brazil and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The Amazon also forms the world’s largest river drainage basin that includes Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.
The source of the Amazon has also been hard to pin down over the centuries. Scientists and explorers have attempted to establish the river’s source ever since the 1600s. Over the years, five rivers in southwestern Peru were given the honor and for nearly a century the headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi was considered as the Amazon’s most distant source. But a 2014 study found it to be the Cordillera Rumi Cruz at the headwaters of the Mantaro River in Peru.
However, some geographers have disputed this — according to them, Mantaro stays dry for about five months of the year when the Tablachaca dam, built in 1974, diverts its water through a 12-mile (20 km) tunnel. And to make the dispute even more interesting, if the Mantaro River really is the source, that would add 47 to 57 miles (75 to 92 kilometers) to the length of the Amazon.
Does being the longest even matter?
In 2007, Brazilian researchers announced they had identified a new source and a new mouth, measuring the Amazon 4,225 miles (6,800 kilometers) long and toppling the Nile as the longest river. The mouth of the Amazon is traditionally thought to be located on the north side of the Marajó Island, which is about the size of Switzerland. The rather hefty area means that the side of the island the mouth is on can matter a lot when measuring the Amazon’s length. The Brazilian study, which was not peer-reviewed and immediately proved controversial, put the mouth on the south side of the island to the Pará River then out into the ocean. After more recent studies, experts seem to agree that, although there’s indeed some of the Amazon’s water in the Pará, the latter river is distinct from the Amazon. The Nile is still king for now, but as new sources are discovered and mouth areas are redefined, the crown could get swapped between the two rivers — and possibly more than once.
At the end of the day, ‘the longest river’ title doesn’t even matter all that much. As the constant juggling of measurements throughout the centuries show, there will always be some researcher or team that will claim they’ve made some more precise readings. And of course they will — the coastline paradox states that measuring something with a complex geometry, such as a coastline is not possible because the length actually increases the more granular the measurement gets. Huh? I know that sounds shocking, but this counterintuitive concept has been proven mathematically and arises from the properties of fractal-like geometries, which includes rivers. Rivers have a lot of curves and the more you zoom in, the more bends and twists you see.
So, keeping the coastline paradox in mind, a lot of scientists have long ago stopped caring about measuring river length. What’s far more interesting and scientific — not to mention a lot easier and precise — is to look at the drainage area, which is an area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river or a bay. By this measure, the Amazon is clearly the largest river in the world with a drainage area of 6.3 million square kilometers, while the Nile makes it only to the fifth spot, trailing behind Congo, the Mississippi, and the Ob.
In an effort to estimate the effect of drought on the Brazilian Amazon, NASA has created the first ever 3D model of its canopy.
Image credits Robert Kerton / CSIRO.
Rainforests are some of the most complex and rich ecosystems on the planet (see here and here). One striking feature of such forests is that their canopies — which can rise up to 15 or even 20 stories high — form ecosystems unto themselves. However, they are in danger.
Climate projections suggest that the Amazon basin will experience warmer and drier conditions in the future. We’ve learned from periods of drought that rainforests don’t handle dryness well. When faced with long periods without rain, rainforest trees risk drying out because there’s not enough water in the soil for them to pump up to the canopies — so they starve.
However, we’re not quite at the point where we can estimate — based on our climate and precipitation projections — exactly how rainforests will react in the future. Simply put, estimating the number of dying or damaged trees (for example, where only branches are falling) is almost impossible. Rainforests are vibrant but chaotic, abundant but densely-packed places, and getting any kind of accurate data on tree health has long been an elusive goal for researchers.
When in doubt, LiDAR the sample
Traditionally, researchers attempted to record this data by hiking through rainforests and surveying a few acres of trees in spots along the way. They would count how many trees were alive, how many were dead, looked at the quantity and types of debris on the ground, and used these readings to estimate forest-wide averages.
Since that has traditionally not-worked-very-well, Doug Morton from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, decided to use an eye in the sky. He and his team used an airplane-mounted light detection and ranging (LiDAR) device to create a 3D model of the Brazilian Amazonian canopy, drawing data from three separate flights in 2013, 2014 and 2016.
LiDAR works largely the same as radar, only it substitutes light in lieu of radio waves. Firing some 300,000 laser pulses a second, LiDAR can provide an incredibly detailed model of an object — much more accurate than what hiking researchers could achieve.
The team flew over two 30-mile (50 km) stretches near the city Santarém in the state of Pará, Brazil: one over the Tapajós National Forest (also in Brazil), and one over privately-owned stretches of the rainforest — most of which are strongly fragmented by human land-use. This region of the Amazon basin typically has a three-month dry season from October through December, the team writes, the same period when surface temperatures peak in the Pacific Ocean (during the El Niño event). El Niño delays the start of the rainy season in the central Amazon, leading to an extended dry season that stresses the trees.
The team used the LiDAR readings to detect gaps in the canopy — areas where a tree or branch had fallen in the months between each survey. They write that between 2013-2014 (a non-El Niño period), falling branches and trees altered around 1.8% of the forest canopy in the examined area. Scaled up over the whole Amazon basin, that would be equivalent to losing canopy trees or branches over 38,000 square miles (98,000 square km).
During the El Niño drought period from 2014 to 2016, branch morality rose by 65%, equivalent to 65,000 square miles (168,000 square km) over the whole basin.
Even subtle changes add up in the Amazon, Morton says, because it’s such a huge forest. So a subtle shift in precipitation patterns during an El Niño year ends up having a huge impact on the forest’s ability to sequester carbon. Dry periods, in other words, alters the balance between how much carbon the trees store as they grow versus how much they give off when they die and decompose.
However, the drought didn’t selectively affect more tall trees than smaller ones, as previous experiments suggest. This, Morton says, is good news.
“Large trees hold most of the carbon in any forest. If droughts were to preferentially kill large trees, it would boost the total amount of carbon that’s lost from drought as opposed to other disturbance types.”
The team says that understanding the effects of prolonged drought will give us a better sense of what might happen to atmospheric carbon levels if drought events become more common due to climate change.
The paper “El Niño drought increased canopy turnover in Amazon forests” has been published in the journal New Phytologist.
The Amazon’s iconic freshwater dolphins are in steep decline, announced Brazilian researchers. According to them, the Amazon dolphin populations are halving every decade.
A majestic river dolphin leaping out of the water. Credit: F. da Silva VM.
There are two species of river dolphins living in the Amazon basin: the boto (Inia geoffrensis) and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis). The boto, also known as the pink river dolphin, is famous for its pink coloring, but many people aren’t aware that it actually comes in a large variety of shades. The dolphins first start off gray but turn pink as they age, with their final hue being influenced by behavior, capillary placement, diet, and light exposure.
Pink river dolphins can be found throughout much of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. They are solitary creatures who are often seen alone or in small groups of 2-4 individuals. However, they’re not shy at all. Despite living in small, tight-knit groups, these dolphins can be incredibly curious and frequently interact with humans.
They’re also very agile. Unlike other dolphins, pink river dolphins have unfused vertebrae in their necks, which allow them to turn their heads 180 degrees, enabling the animals to maneuver around tree trunks, rocks, and other obstacles. They can also swim forward with one flipper while paddling backward with the other, letting them turn with more precision. Oh, and they’re also very brainy — they have, remarkably, 40% more brain capacity than humans.
The Amazon basin’s dolphins are considered to be relatively abundant, as far as freshwater cetaceans go. However, in recent years the animals’ numbers have declined due to dams that fragment populations but also other threats like the contamination of rivers and lakes, as well as human fishing.
In a new study published in the journal PLOS ONE, researchers at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil, analyzed data from 22 years of surveys performed in the Mamirauá Reserve. The dolphins were surveyed by boat monthly from 1994 to 2017. During this time frame, the researchers found that both boto and tucuxi Amazonian dolphins have experienced a dramatic decline. At current rates, boto populations are halving every 10 years and tucuxi populations are halving every 9 years. These are some of the most severe rates of decline seen in cetaceans since the early days of modern whaling.
The researchers conclude that if the IUCN Red List criteria were applied to the findings, then both species would be classified as Critically Endangered. The river dolphins are already legally protected in the Amazon basin, but the authors of the new study call for greater enforcement of these laws. In 2006, the baiji or Chinese river dolphin was declared extinct. The baiji’s demise was rapid and shocking, going from a healthy population of some 6,000 animals to extinction in a few decades — nothing more than a blink of an eye.
“Without an indefinite extension and strict enforcement of this regulation, combined with observance of existing laws on gillnet use, the dolphins of the Amazon seem very likely to follow the freshwater dolphins of Asia on the path of extinction,” the authors concluded in their paper.
That so many species are continuously discovered is exciting and shows that we still have much more work to do before we can claim to understand the area. We’re still only scratching the surface when it comes to the wildlife living in the area. But we’re already destroying it.
Zimmerius chicomendesi, a newly discovered bird. Credits: WWF.
Bad news constantly flows from the Amazon and the findings also come with a dire warning: every single one of the newly discovered species was found in areas where mankind is threatening the forest. Ricardo Mello, co-ordinator of the WWF Brazil Amazon programme, commented:
“All the species that were discovered, all 381, are in areas where humankind is destroying the Amazon. This is very important to us, because it links the fact that our economic activities are causing species to go extinct before we even know about them,” he said.”
Sarah Hutchison, WWF’s head of programmes for Brazil and Amazon, was even blunter. She points out that there are many species which we may kill off before we even get a chance to discover them — and many we might have already killed off.
“We are only at the tip of the iceberg when it comes to unveiling the incredible species that live in the Amazon, yet instead of this precious area being safeguarded, it is under greater threat than ever before.
“The discovery of 381 new species is a wake-up call for the governments of Amazon countries that they must halt the ongoing and relentless deforestation and work to preserve its unparalleled biodiversity. If they don’t, there will continue to be irreversible impacts on the Amazon’s much-loved wildlife, undiscovered species and the local and indigenous people that call it home.”
But there is still hope. She says that this report and other studies like it will serve as a wake-up call. More than 2,000 new species were found between 1999 and 2015. Identifying a species is only the first step. We still need to understand how the species interacts with its environment, and how we can better protect them.
For instance, the pink river dolphin is under threat from the construction of hydroelectric dams as well as industrial and agricultural activity. The fire-tailed titi monkey is under threat from deforestation — like many other creatures.
Unfortunately, science is also another step along the conservation ladder. Scientists do their job, but there is no guarantee that policy makers will listen, and even if they do, conservation measures have proven notoriously difficult to enforce along the Amazon.
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This week, we are joined by local mom, musician, songwriter, and music teacher, Crystal Murphy. Crystal Murphy Music is a ukulele-based business that was created from a love of music, teaching others, and being silly. All services offered foster creativity, teamwork, networking, and social development for all ages. We chatted about how to bond with your baby through music, when and how to introduce music to your child, and the benefits of music.
Shake Your Sillies is a music program designed to teach and educate young children through music and pure silliness! We focus on movement, age-appropriate education (e.g. counting, rhythm, social skills, etc), imagination, and community building through songs you know and even some original songs by Crystal Murphy.
No instruments at home? No problem! Grab whatever you can find — yogurt containers, whisks, pots, and pans, or fill up a toilet roll with beans.
Want to learn more about Crystal? Follow links below:
Disclosure: I am an affiliate of Bookshop.org and I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.
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You already might have heard of the Raspberry Pi. It is a credit-card sized PC from the Raspberry Pi Foundation and is going into mass production and distribution these days. There is a huge demand for “the Pi” and the first orders are limited to one per person. A few weeks ago I got my Pi delivered and started working on what I would describe as “universal console”. In this post I describe my initial thoughts about this project and present an adapter that allows you to use SNES controllers as input devices for the Raspberry Pi.
UPDATE: The ControlBlock is now available and provides an easy and safe way for connecting NES, SNES, and Arcade controllers to the RPi and it also provides a power switch functionality!
Being part of the 80ies generation I belong to the group of people that grew up with a whole bunch of 8- and 16-bit video consoles. Nowadays, you can find emulators for all kinds of these consoles and some time ago I got the idea that it would be nice to have a tiny PC that could just be switched on to play this or that good old game. When I read about the Raspberry I finally decided to start this project.
There are several things that have to be done for this:
- Decide for a stable working Linux distribution that provides access to the video and sound hardware.
- Make the emulator(s) work.
- Build a launch menu that allows for selecting the console and or the video game.
- Build a hardware controller interface that allows you to connect real video game controllers.
- Build a case that contains the Raspberry and the connector(s) for the controller(s).
I know that you are now saying “Each of these five points is a project on its own.” and I agree! Let’s have a brief look at each of these points now:
The distribution The decision for a “good” distribution is tricky and I am not sure which of the available ones is best suited. Since the Debian distro will be the official distribution of the Raspberry, I think that this might be the best choice. But, currently, even the Debian distro provides an ALSA module only in alpha stage. This produces horrible audio outputs and leads us to the second point:
The emulators There is already work going on for tht point and ToadKing is doing fantastic work here. He is adapting the RetroArch emulator to the Raspberry currently and provides a public Github repository. There is also a thread about this work in the official forum. This is a central piece of this “universal console” and I really hope that the Raspberry port of RetroArch and of the emulator cores will be further developed.
The launch menu Maybe there already exists a launcher that can be compiled on the Raspberry. If you know such a thing, please tell me! Otherwise, I thought of a rudimentary (Python?) script that could be used for the beginning. Update: In the meantime, the front end “Emulation Station” has started to be developed. A lot of ideas are still being discussed and on the to-do list, but there is already a running version of it. A follow-up article presents the RetroPie setup script that automates the installation of emulators and front end.
The controller interface I think that an authentic retro-gaming device needs authentic input hardware. The Raspberry comes with two USB ports and one possibility would be to use some remakes of, for example, SNES controllers with USB connectors. In order to use original controllers, however, one needs to come up with an interface for these controllers. This is where the second part of this post comes into play: I built an adapter board that allows you to connect two SNES connectors to the GPIO pins of the Raspberry. I got the SNES connectors from two controller extension cables. This wiki article gives some more details about the GPIO pins of the Rasperry. A short C program reads the states of the two controllers and passes all button presses to a virtual keyboard that is implemented with the help of the uinput module. In the following, I explain some more details of this adapter, show some pictures of it, and, at the end, also a video demo.
Let us first talk about the hardware part. The idea of designing a PCB that could be used for connecting SNES controllers to a microcontroller or PC came up when I read about a project, in which an NES controller was connected to an iPad. In previous posts, I wrote about the first prototype, the SNES-adapter PCB, and a case for the adapter. For the connection to the Raspberry I used the following parts:
- 1x SNES-adapter PCB
- 2x SNES connectors (obtained from extension cables)
- 2x Shrouded Pin Header, 2×3 pins
- 2x Ribbon Crimp Connector, 2×3 pins
- Ribbon Cable – 6 wire
- 1x Ribbon Crimp Connector, 2×13 pins
- Ribbon Cable – 26 wire
The SNES-adapter board really does nothing but to provide a clean wiring for the connectors. You could also connect a SNES connector with the 26-wire ribbon cable directly. Besides the cleaner look, the nice thing of the adapter board is that it provides the possibility to connect two controllers without the need for manually splitting the 5V line. If you are interested in the adapter board, send me a mail, I would be happy to share this! To get the SNES connectors I ordered two SNES extension cables and just used the female connectors of them. The SNES and ribbon crimp connectors are wired as following:
You can also see some resistors in the picture – these are actually for LEDs and a button and are not used here. A more detailed description for the assembly is given here. This is a diagram of the pinout of the adapter board:
The GPIO pinout of the Raspberry and of the corresponding 26-wire ribbon cable are shown here:
- GND to P6
- VCC to P2
- DATA 2 to P15
- LATCH to P16
- CLOCK to P18
- DATA 1 to P22
Having finished the hardware part I started with the software implementation. I decided for a C program to have the possibility to keep the CPU load as low as possible. Basically, the program has to do two things: First, it has to read the state of each button. A very good source for information about the NES/SNES controllers is also the documentation of the Uzebox. Second, it has to pass button events to a virtual keyboard. The uinput kernel module can handle the input subsystem from within the user space. I stumbled across a very informative article about the uinput kernel module. It is a two-parts article with part 1 here and part 2 here. The uinput module has to be manually loaded with this command:
To access the GPIO pins from within a C program you need to download and install the Broadcom BCM 2835 library. These commands download and install this library:
I called the program SNESDev and created a Github repository for it. You can find it at https://github.com/petrockblog/SNESDev-RPi. Here is a demo of everything working together for a quick game of a famous kart game:
This leads us to the end of this post. So far, I did not speak about a case yet. Having some experience with other laser-cut cases I already started to design a case for the Raspberry that also contains ports for two SNES connectors. When this is finished I will write about it in another post. UPDATE: You can now find a shell script in my Github repository that automatically installs all needed packages for RetroArch and various emulator cores, as well as SNESDev.
Certainly, I left out some information that you would be interested in. So, if you have any questions, comments, or questions, just send me a mail or write some comments below – I would be happy about any contributions!
Some obligatory legal stuff: The Raspberry Pi is a trademark of the Raspberry Pi foundation.
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The Fishing Daily Podcast Series 2 Episode 9 – Aodh O’Donnell of the Irish Fish Producers Organisation (IFPO) speaks to The Fishing Daily Editor, Oliver McBride about the fuel cost crisis and the need for the government to provide financial support immediately.
Government needs to implement fuel support for fishing industry - IFPO CEO
The Irish fishing industry is facing another challenge as the Russian invasion of Ukraine drives up motor fuel prices across the board. The fishing industry in particular is hardest hit as it is an industry that consumes a lot of fuel in order to carry out its operations.
While France and Spain have provided funding support for their fisheries and seafood sector, the Irish government remains adamant that the best solution for Irish fishing vessels is to take up the Permanent Cessation Scheme as approved under the Seafood Sector Task Force Report. Irish vessels remain tied-up in port under either the voluntary tie-up scheme, or simply because they cannot afford to put to sea. This is despite the EU Commission approving that member states can provide supports for their industries because of the current international situation.
Whilst the Irish whitefish fleet is hampered by rising fuel costs, the French and Spanish can continue fishing in Irish waters.
A delegation from the Irish fishing and seafood industry met with DG MARE in Brussels at the end of May last. The delegation organised by Sinn Féin MEP, Chris MacManus allowed the representatives to put their case directly to the Director-General of DG MARE, Charlina Vitcheva and her colleagues. Oliver asks Aodh what has happened in the month since the meeting.
The recent EU Stakeholders event took place in Brussels where DG MARE laid out its plans for the marine environment over the next five years. Oliver asks Aodh if he believes the Irish fishing industry is in a place to modernise, and should the scientists be working more closely with fishermen?
The spatial squeeze is another big issue. The government is pushing for the development of offshore energy without consultation with the seafood industry. The government has also promised that 30% of Irish waters will be turned into marine protected areas by 2030. Again, the government has dismissed the fishing industry from any having a say on the issues that affect them most. Aodh calls for the fishing industry to be involved before any decisions about where offshore wind farm developments and MPAs are planned.
Podcast music used with permission of In Their Thousands – Acrasia © In Their Thousands 2018. Check out Spotify
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It’s pretty clear now that mesh networks produce stronger wifi signals throughout larger spaces when compared to regular wifi routers even with range extenders. But, many mesh networks only instruct users to connect each router over wifi. While this may be fine in some situations, e.g. where you can’t run ethernet between a main router and a satellite, having a wired backhaul produces a much better wifi signal coming out of the downstream satellite router. Here are instructions to set this up using the TP-LINK Deco AX1800 X20 (W3600 if you bought it from Walmart).
- Restart the modem
- Follow the instructions to set up the main router
- Follow instructions to set up the satellite router over wifi (default)
When the light on the satellite turns green, then you know the satellite router is connected to the main router. At this point, since you haven’t connected an ethernet cable between the two routers, the connection is over wifi. You can verify this by opening the Deco app and clicking the satellite router. You should see the “Signal Source” value the wifi symbol followed by 2.4GHz/5GHz.
If you have a laptop or smartphone that is connected to the satellite router, you can run a speed test. In this example, I have a laptop that is connected over wifi to the satellite router. After running a speed test, connect an ethernet cable between the two routers. The light on the satellite router will turn red temporarily and then turn green when connected. Similarly, the satellite router’s status in the app will appear disconnected. Click the refresh button and you should see the “Signal Source” value change to “Ethernet” and shown in the screenshot below. This confirms that you are using a wired backhaul.
Now, run a wifi speed test from the satellite router. In my case, my laptop was still connected to the satellite router. The wifi speed test results were clearly much faster when the satellite was connected over ethernet rather than wifi. This setup is very useful when you need a strong wifi signal very far away from your main router and you can run an long ethernet cable between routers.
Note: I got this 2 router TP-Link AX1800 mesh wifi system from Walmart for $129. At Walmart, the model number is W3600 whereas on Amazon it’s X20.
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We pride ourselves in being a socially responsible company of the absolute highest order. Ask the avocado community around us, the small scale commercial farmers whom we have the most wonderful symbiotic relationship with. Rob Clowes has been farming avocados in Southern Tanzania since 2006, from the most humble of beginnings with his wife and family, along with his good friend Samuel Katsekera. Together, Kuza, which means to grow, to get big, has done exactly that. Blessed with growing conditions that exist in only a few places on the planet, Kuza will continue to nurture what is important at the core of the business, the community and the product. We work hard. There are no off days in the rural highlands, nature dictates that to us. Nurture, grow, remain balanced and always remember that the end consumer of the avocado fruit is your customer.
What is an outgrower or what is an outgrowers model? Quite simply, it is a series of smaller scale commercial farmers, with smaller sized plots of land, who as a collective operate as a large sizeable area of harvest. By way of reference, there are an estimated 500 million small scale farms globally supporting nearly 2 billion people, nearly 30 percent of the whole world's population. Incredible.
At Kuza, we have always believed that not only can these growers be competitive, but be the future of the industry.
We harvest from thousands of farmers and pride ourselves for paying a fair price. We have sold and subsidised millions of trees to farmers, enabling a faster growth to harvest time, by maximising the possible space each farmer has at their disposal. Planting an orchard, big or small requires patience, years until your first fruits are available for harvest.
Much of this move to avocado farming by the small scale farmers has displaced much lower income crops, enabling farmers to afford some of the things we take for granted. These include improved healthcare and healthcare plans, mobility through affording motorcycles which promotes goods movement far easier. Lastly, and possibly most importantly, many of the farmers have been able to afford education for the next generation that was once beyond reach.
Kuza also provides guidance on sustainable and affordable farming with emphasis on applying natural and organic inputs, including manure applications, mulching and conservation of the environment.
More recently, with cheaper input applications, and a focus on regenerative farming and organic production of the crop, exactly the same we are using on our organic farm, we have transferred knowledge through our extension worker model. Regenerative farming is new to the commercial operators, completely natural for many small scale farmers.
We provide access to an export market for first grade crop through buying the avocados at a competitive and fair price. Kuza provides access to a sustainable market for second grade fruit by buying these fruits for both the production of avocado oil and soon to be produced HPP guacamole.
We are happy to say that the gender gap has narrowed significantly over the last half a decade, around two in five farmers are woman.
The future for Kuza working with the outgrowers and imparting knowledge from our own commercial farm means we reach the same objective sooner. Quality avocados from Tanzania.
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Trump Declares Coronavirus A Public Health Emergency And Restricts Travel From China
Updated 7:55 p.m. ET
The Trump administration declared a public health emergency in the U.S. Friday in response to the global coronavirus outbreak.
"Today President Trump took decisive action to minimize the risk of novel coronavirus in the United States," said U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar at a White House press conference.
The risk of contracting the coronavirus is the U.S. is low — something that federal health administration officials emphasized repeatedly. "We are working to keep the risk low," Azar said.
The declaration of a public health emergency — which will become effective Sunday at 5 p.m. ET — enables the government to take temporary measures to contain the spread of the virus, which has been confirmed in seven people in the U.S.
The action means that U.S. citizens who have been in China's Hubei Province in the past 14 days will be subject to 14 days of mandatory quarantine if they travel back to the United States.
Earlier Friday, federal officials announced that American citizens who were evacuated from Wuhan earlier in the week would be quarantined for 14 days at March Air Reserve Base in Southern California. The action represents the first time in 50 years the U.S. has instituted a quarantine order.
In addition, the U.S. is temporarily suspending entry of most travelers arriving from China, or who have recently been in China, if they are not U.S. citizens.
"Foreign nationals other than immediate family of U.S. citizens and permanent residents who have traveled in China in the last 14 days will be denied entry into United States," Azar said.
Further, U.S. citizens who have been in other areas of mainland China in the past two weeks will be subject to screening at the airport of entry and to heightened monitoring for 14 days.
In their Friday remarks, federal health officials pointed to the fast global spread of the virus as justification for the move. The World Health Organization declared a global health emergency on Thursday.
U.S. officials also tried to explain their reasoning for an intense focus on this outbreak, which so far has not led to any deaths in the U.S., though it has led to more than 250 in China.
"I often get asked [about the] influenza outbreak," which has led to at least 8,000 deaths in the U.S. this season, said Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which is part of the NIH. "People want to know why we're paying so much attention to the novel coronavirus."
In contrast to the seasonal flu toll, which is predictable, Fauci said, "there are a lot of unknowns [with the coronavirus]."
"The number of cases has steeply inclined each and every day," Fauci noted. In addition, at the beginning of the outbreak, it wasn't clear whether an infected person without symptoms could transmit the virus to another person.
"Now we know for sure that there are" asymptomatic infections, Fauci said.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.
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1. The rotation of the mixer drum is driven by the hydraulic motor through a special planetary reducer. The output shaft of the planetary reducer can realize a certain angle swing to meet the beating of the mixer drum under bad road conditions.
2. Constant power variable piston pump is used in the hydraulic system to reduce the power loss of the engine.
3. The water inlet system can automatically feed water according to the metering setting.
4. Dry material feeding: according to the designed proportion, it is automatically fed by shovel arm, boom cylinder and quantitative hopper.
5. Double spiral blades are set on the inner wall of the mixing drum of the automatic feeding mixer, which rotate in the positive direction for feeding and concrete mixing; in the reverse direction, the concrete is discharged from the discharge port under the push of the spiral blades.
6. The traveling system is composed of engine, front and rear transmission shafts and front and rear axles. The invention adopts a front and rear double axle driving form. The hydraulic torque converter is used to reduce the impact on the engine and prolong the service life of the engine.
Oil change: generally, the blender needs to change the lubricating oil every six months. The type of lubricating oil is 32 # machine oil. When changing the oil, carefully open the oil plug and put the oil in the blender. Pay attention to the residual internal pressure in the oil gun to prevent the oil from spraying.
Bearing grease: it should be replaced once in general overhaul, and the amount of grease should be 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the bearing cavity clearance. High temperature calcium base grease is recommended.
Leakage protection treatment of mixer: if the leakage switch is protected, it means that the mechanical seal on the motor side is damaged. It must be checked and repaired. Open the blockage in the oil chamber and drain the liquid in it.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://www.david-dias.com/hyxw/194.html
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Going to the gym for exercising to lose weight and eating a restricted diet rich in protein, is not enough. You need to strengthen your muscles as well. It is because the goal is to lose weight in a healthy manner, not making your body weak. So, to make up for the deficiencies that you might suffer due to a restricted diet, it’s crucial to add some supplements to your daily routine.
Besides building muscles exercising is not enough; you need some supplements to support the process. So, keeping all the variables of the weight loss process in mind, ahead are some of the best supplements that you can take.
Branched Chain Amino Acids, also known as BCAAs, are the building blocks of protein in your body. Thus, you need this supplement just as much as you need protein. It is so because taking protein would be of no use if your body can’t consume it and build it to make it compatible with your body.
Creatine is basically a simpler version of a paleo diet. A paleo diet is something that was eaten by early humans. Due to the fact that early humans used to survive on a paleo diet, which was rich in red meat, fish, chicken etc., this diet is considered ideal for losing weight and having strong muscles. In today’s world, consuming everything in a meal is nearly impossible, so to increase the creatine levels in your body, taking a supplement known as creatine works the best.
Sometimes your body requires more protein than you can eat through your meals in a day. As a result, many gym trainers or physicians recommend you drink protein shakes. One of the commonly consumed proteins is whey protein. It is observed that the whey protein has leucine content that supports muscle growth and strengthens them.
Moreover, many people consume protein powder supplements as a meal replacement shake. As a result, it is effective in weight reduction. Including whey protein in your diet could be expensive. However, you can always buy it online in bulk which is cost-effective. You can buy a weight loss stack online from here.
Not many people realise that multivitamins play a crucial role in muscle building and weight reduction process. Although they might not directly help in it, they certainly assist in the whole process. Thus, including multivitamins in your diet is a must. Additionally, these supplements cover the deficiency that you might face because of your diet.
It might sound like a stretch to you, but including fatty acids in your diet can go a long way. Besides, the two important fatty acids that you must consume are DHA and EPA.
So these are some of the best supplements that you should take when exercising for weight loss. Hopefully, the reason for taking these supplements must be clear to you now.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.paleo-cafe.com.au/the-best-supplements-to-take-when-exercising-for-weight-loss/
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UTAH (ABC4) – The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a Flash Flood Watch for several recreational areas and National Parks throughout the state.
NWS says portions of Southern Utah will be affected, including Capitol Reef National Park and Vicinity, Glen Canyon Recreation Area, Lake Powell, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Western Canyonlands, Lower Washington County, and Zion National Park. The Watch will be in effect from Monday morning through Monday evening.
To prepare for the possibility of a flash flood, NWS advises residents to do the following:
- Create a Communications Plan with family and friends in case of emergency.
- Assemble an Emergency Kit with enough food, water, and medicine to last three days.
- Know our risk. Are you in a floodplain? If so, how can you get to higher ground?
- Sign up for notifications from your local weather provider.
- Prepare your home. Use materials like sandbags to protect your home from flood waters.
- Prepare your family and pets. In case of evacuation, pack your family’s things beforehand.
- Charge your essential electronics.
- Leave the area. Is it likely your home is going to flood? If so, it may be your best bet to stay elsewhere.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.abc4.com/news/nws-flood-watch-issued-for-monday-in-parts-of-utah/
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get_camera_matrix - Constructs a camera matrix for perspective projection. Allegro game programming library.
void get_camera_matrix(MATRIX *m, fixed x, y, z, xfront, yfront, zfront, fixed xup, yup, zup, fov, aspect);
Constructs a camera matrix for translating world-space objects into a normalised view space, ready for the perspective projection. The x, y, and z parameters specify the camera position, xfront, yfront, and zfront are the 'in front' vector specifying which way the camera is facing (this can be any length: normalisation is not required), and xup, yup, and zup are the 'up' direction vector.
The fov parameter specifies the field of view (ie. width of the camera focus) in binary, 256 degrees to the circle format. For typical projections, a field of view in the region 32-48 will work well. 64 (90 degrees) applies no extra scaling - so something which is one unit away from the viewer will be directly scaled to the viewport. A bigger FOV moves you closer to the viewing plane, so more objects will appear. A smaller FOV moves you away from the viewing plane, which means you see a smaller part of the world.
Finally, the aspect ratio is used to scale the Y dimensions of the image relative to the X axis, so you can use it to adjust the proportions of the output image (set it to 1 for no scaling - but keep in mind that the projection also performs scaling according to the viewport size). Typically, you will pass (float)w/(float)h, where w and h are the parameters you passed to set_projection_viewport.
Note that versions prior to 4.1.0 multiplied this aspect ratio by 4/3.
apply_matrix(3alleg4), get_align_matrix(3alleg4), set_projection_viewport(3alleg4), persp_project(3alleg4)
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://manpages.debian.org/bullseye/allegro4-doc/get_camera_matrix.3alleg4.en.html
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Mother Knows Best!
The weather is warming up and kittens are already being born! This means that we are receiving more questions about what to do for young kittens who appear to be abandoned by their mother.
If kittens are healthy, it’s critical that they be kept together with their mother (this is the best chance for their survival!). Here are questions to consider when you’re determining whether kittens need your help, or need to stay with their mother:
Are the kittens quiet?
- Yes: Let them be. Mom does not spend 24 hours a day with her kittens. Oftentimes mom needs to leave her babies to go find food for herself in order to continue to care for the kittens.
- No: If kittens are hungry they will cry loudly. If the kittens are no longer crying after about 2-4 hours, then mom has probably been back to care for them and they should be left alone.
Are the kittens thin?
- Yes: Kitten bellies that are sunken in with bones showing and pale skin, rather than being full and round in appearance, aren’t being fed. They need your help. Call 301-733-2060 and ask for the Resource Center for additional assistance.
- No: Kittens whose mom is still caring for them eat frequently and their bellies are round. Let them be.
Are the kittens clean?
- Yes: If mom is still caring for her babies, the kittens will be extremely clean! Let them be.
- No: If they are covered in dirt, feces, have crusted urine on their bodies, or have red and inflamed genitals, they need your help. Call 301-733-2060 and ask for the Resource Center for additional assistance.
Are the kittens sick/hurt?
- Yes: If kittens are sick, they may have ocular discharge, nasal discharge, or their eyes may be crusted shut. If a kitten is hurt it may have wounds or open sores. These kittens need help. Call 301-733-2060 and ask for the Resource Center for additional assistance.
- No: Let them be.
Is their nest in good condition?
- Yes: Let them be.
- No: Mom may no longer be caring for her babies. Consider the other questions and call 301-733-2060 and ask for the Resource Center for additional assistance.
Is the location safe from predators and inclement weather?
- Yes: Let them be.
- No: They need your help. Call 301-733-2060 and ask for the Resource Center for additional assistance.
Please consider all of these questions collectively - not individually - and do not consider intervening before you have spent hours observing the situation from a safe distance (mom may not return when you are around). Not all kittens that appear abandoned at first have actually been left behind by mom.
Removing healthy kittens from the mother that is caring for them drastically decreases their likelihood of survival. As always, if you have any specific questions, please call the shelter at 301-733-2060. Thank you for your continued concerns and genuine desire to help the animals of Washington County!
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.hswcmd.org/post/mother-knows-best
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For the last few years we have spent a lot of our free time collecting sediment samples from rivers across southern Alberta and characterizing these for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Often driving many hours across prairie gravel roads for a single good sample, it quickly became a passion of quality science, but also a journey of understanding the rivers themselves.
The dry, scientific answer goes like this…
PAHs are a recalcitrant component of oil spills - oil generally contains between 0.5 and 5% PAHs by mass, and they are the main group of chemicals that guide long term assessment of the environment post-spill. However, as part of our oil spill response work, we know that even clean rivers contain PAHs, often at concentrations above the regulatory guidelines. These PAHs can originate from a range of sources depending on the local and regional land use, water chemistry and hydrogeology. Natural sources include oil seeps, exposed coal seams and forest fires, as well as other anthropogenic sources, like urban wastewater discharges, and vehicular emissions and road runoff, even deposition from the atmosphere brings PAHs from long ranges. Being able to determine what is naturally present in a river helps us determine where PAHs from an oil spill may reside.
The more truthful answer goes like this…
We like data. One of the underlying principles in how we conduct our work is if something doesn’t make scientific sense then you don’t have enough information – you are missing data. Environmental statistics and forensic methodologies all rely on having a good set of data. So, we like data.
By the fall of 2016 we had compiled a database of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediments in Alberta and Saskatchewan from specific oil spills investigations. However, although this was suitable for characterizing each specific site, this left us wondering about where these PAHs were coming from.
We knew from the PAH fingerprints what the types of source were, but we could not specifically identify a source. Good science is an addiction, and as addicts, we were hooked on answering the question. Where did the PAHs come from that were present in all of the Alberta and Saskatchewan rivers that we have sampled over the years?
This series of posts describes what we have done so far, what we are busy doing right now, and what we hope to achieve from all of this driving around Alberta.
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Walter Davis pondered Wilmington’s plague of gun violence while recently walking to his home in the Hilltop neighborhood.
Davis, who works for a nonprofit providing services to people with mental illness, was on the 100 block of North Harrison Street, where a 14-year-old boy was shot on Dec. 14.
“It’s pretty bad,” Davis said, even after learning that the carnage this year, while much worse than 2018, was far below record levels set in 2017.
In 2019 a total of 112 people were shot on Wilmington’s streets, and 24 killed, including a suspect slain by police.
In 2018, 79 people were shot, and that figure represented a nearly 60% decrease from the bloodshed of 2017, when there were 197 shooting victims and 34 killed.
As the violence has escalated, police have only announced only one arrest in the 23 murders.
Police chief Robert Tracy and Mayor Mike Purzycki declined to discuss this year’s numbers. A spokesman said the chief will speak about the statistics after the department tallies the final figures and releases them.
Davis said he’s not surprised that only one of the 25 murders has been solved.
“The culture is ‘don’t tell’ and stuff like that, so I think that culture kind of gets in the way of progress of solving crimes. It’s been like that for a long time,’’ he said. “A lot of times, people — they fear for their life, or they think if they snitch or something like that they become another statistic.”
Despite the rise in violence, Davis did give cops credit for trying to make the streets safer and said he’s noticed some results.
“They post up in areas that are high in crime,’’ Davis said. “Strategically, they have a bigger presence now. To me, they seem like they interact more than they did in the past. And they are not as aggressive as they used to be, so it’s not that tension with the cops.”
Lakesha Hawkins, a certified nursing assistant, agreed. She spoke with WHYY at 24th and Market streets, which traditionally has been beset by gunshots.
“I feel it’s pretty rough here,’’ Hawkins said, but “I think that it’s calmed down a lot, maybe since the last year, and the cops, they’re doing their jobs. They’re out there … more than in the past.”
“It’s safer for me to come down here and go to the store and even walk in town or what have you because there’s not a lot of people out here,” she said.
City Council President Hanifa Shabazz noted that Wilmington has rebounded from 2017. She gave kudos to police for focusing on community engagement and said grassroots efforts are also paying off.
“There’s a lot of different organizations doing youth programs and trying to get youth involved in positive things, so I think that’s also helping,” Shabazz said, “But there’s a lot more work that needs to be done.”
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It’s been said that history is made by those who show up. Last week,The New York Times ran a story on First Lieuntenant Marina A. Hierl; Hierl is one of only two women to pass the Marine Corps Infantry Officer Course. Lieutenant Hierl made further history as she was assigned her own platoon to lead. Hierl is one of the people that shows up. Opha May Johnson led the way for women like Lieutenant Hierl and proved that you can make history by showing up first. 100 years ago today, Johnson earned the distinction of becoming the first woman to enlist in the United States Marine Corps.
Born Opha May Jacob in Kokomo, Indiana in 1879, the future Marine attended Wood’s Commercial College. She earned the rank of salutatorian, graduating from the shorthand and typewriting department in 1895. Three years later, she married Victor Johnson, musical director of the Lafayette Square Opera House in Washington D.C.
According to the Richmond Time-Dispatch dated September 1, 1918, Johnson was already a civil servant, working for the Interstate Commerce Department, when the chance came up for her to apply to the United States Marine Corps Reserve. The reserve had been established in 1916, concurrent with the U.S.’s involvement in World War I. During the last two years of the war, women were allowed to join branches and reserves to cover responsibilities typically held by men that were under active deployment; 33,000 women would eventually serve support staff.
On that day in 1918, Opha May Johnson found herself at the front of the line. Private Johnson became the first of over 300 women that would enlist in the Marine Corps during the remainder of World War I. Her first assignment sent her to Marine Corps headquarters; she worked there as clerk where she managed the records of the other new, female Marines. After the conclusion of World War I in November, 1918, the various branches of the service began discharging all women from active duty. Johnson took a job as a clerk in the War Department (which would be renamed as the Department of Defense in 1949).
Johnson died on August 11, 1955, at Mount Alto Veteran’s Hospital in Washington, D.C. Her funeral services coincidentally fell on August 13, 37 years to the day after she enlisted. She is buried in an unmarked grave in Rock Creek Cemetery in D.C. Last year, the Women Marines Association began to fund-raise to install an official marker; the successful project will result in a site unveiling on August 29, with the Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Robert B. Neller, scheduled to speak.
Since Johnson’s historic enlistment, thousands of women have served in the U.S. Armed Forces in combat and support capacities. As of 2015, around 2 million veterans in the U.S. were women. Johnson helped pave the way for later Marines like Bea Arthur; before becoming the actress best known for Maude and The Golden Girls, Arthur drove a truck as a member of the Women’s Reserve and attained the rank of staff sergeant during her stateside service in World War II. The late Margaret Brewer, the first female Marine to be made a general, was promoted to brigadier general in 1979. As of May 2018, 92 women serve in combat positions in the USMC; approximately 7% of the 186,000 active Marines are women.
The phrase “The United States Marine Corps” immediately conjures a number of images and ideas. Toughness. Honor. Tradition. And while that reputation can be traced back to 1775, the “Act for establishing and organizing a Marine Corps” was signed by President John Adams on this date, July 11, in 1798. On its 220th anniversary, we look some of the longstanding traditions that make the Marines the Marines. Some are reflected in the modern culture of this military branch, while others are just downright peculiar.
1. The Marines Have Two Birthdays
The modern Marine Corps descended from the Continental Marines assembled under the Continental Marine Act of 1775, which was initiated by the 2nd Continental Congress on November 10th of that year. Though the Continental Marines were disbanded at the end of the Revolution, the United States Marine Corps still commemorates November 10th as their official creation.
The Marines were “reborn” in 1798. The creation of the United States Navy and Marine Corps grew out of clashes with the French navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. An act of Congress formed the Navy in 1794, with Marines recruited to serve on newly created ships by 1797. Adams signed the “Act for establishing and organizing a Marine Corps,” authorizing a battalion of 500 privates along with a major and other officers. Revolutionary War veteran William Ward Burrows was made an initial major. Marines would serve in the Quasi-War, that undeclared war between the new French Republic and young United States that occurred between 1798 and 1800.
2. Why the Marines are “Marines”
The term Marine came from the type of infantry that supports naval operations. The Marines of the American Revolution typically mounted amphibious assaults, landing from tall ships to conduct raids in locations like British ports in the Bahamas. During the Barbary Wars against piracy that ran from 1800 to 1815, Marines frequently fought in ship-to-ship battles, boarding vessels to capture them.
3. Thomas Jefferson Chose the D.C. Barracks Site
In 1801, President Thomas Jefferson and Burrows, now Lieutenant Colonel Commandant of the Marine Corps, chose the site of the Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C. A National Historic Landmark, it is still in use today as the official residence of the Commandant, the home of the U.S. Marine Drum and Bugle Corps, and the main ceremonial location for the Corps.
4. The Dress Blues Were Overstock
Sometimes a uniform is carefully designed and thought out over time. And sometimes, you take what you can get. The familiar ceremonial “dress blues” of the Corps adopted their look from an overstock of blue jackets with red trim that Burrows received upon his original appointment to major.
5. The First Marine Sword Was a Gift
While battling Barbary pirates in Africa, First Lieutenant Presley O’Bannon, eight other Marines, and over 300 mercenaries of Arab and European origin mounted an assault on Tripoli in an attempt to liberate the captured crew of the U.S.S. Philadelphia. Though they did not take the city, deposed Prince Hamet Karamanli allegedly presented a Mameluke sword to O’Bannon after the Battle of Derna. The sword story sparked the tradition of Marine officers wearing swords in dress blues.
6. Why Tripoli Is in the Marine Hymn
The other lasting legacy of the action was the inclusion of the lyrics “to the shores of Tripoli” in the Marines’ Hymn by Thomas Holcomb in 1942. The Hymn is the oldest of any of the songs that represent the U.S. Armed Forces. The original music was written in 1867 by Jacques Offenbach, but it wasn’t adopted as the official music of the Corps until 1929.
7. There Are a Lot of Active Marines
Today, the USMC boasts 186,000 active Marines with around 38,500 reserves. Roughly 7.6% of today’s Marines are women. Of the more than 22 million veterans living in the United States as of 2014, less than 1% were Marines.
8. They Perform MANY Jobs
Over 336 MOS (military operational specialist) codes, or job types, are presently available in the Marines; paths include everything from infantry to avionics to 60 different categories of linguistics. Even as new avenues for duty continue to expand, it’s safe to say that, even after more than 200 years, the Marines continue to pursue high standards in their service to the country.
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Australia’s employment of people with disability, already among the lowest in the developed world, is worsening. It is time to overcome our squeamishness about quotas to address this embarrassing gap in our human rights.
Perhaps we need to learn from Chinese policy, which combines employment quotas and a levy on employers who do not comply.
All private and public employers in China who employ more than 20 staff must meet a quota of at least 1.5 per cent of employees with disability (quotas average 5 per cent in Europe). Employers who do not meet the quota must pay a levy, while those who exceed it attract concessions such as tax breaks and priority for state contracts, and lower costs such as concessional rent of government land.
The real game changer is the levy on employers who choose not to employ people with disability. Rather than adding to general taxation revenue, this levy is paid to the Disabled Persons’ Employment Security Fund, which is controlled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation. The levy has generated a huge fund for disability policy intervention, such as training, employment support and assistance.
Source: The Sydney Morning Herald
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India (MNN) ¯ Four years after the anti-Christian pogrom in India's Orissa State, 10,000 remain displaced.
Dave Stravers, president of Grand Rapids, Michigan-based Mission India, explains that in the wake of the violence, "Promises were made to these tribal villagers by government officials, but really not kept. People are afraid to go back because there are still threats of violence and even continuing violence in the area."
Justice has been slow in coming, so nearly 5,000 victims and survivors of the 2008 communal violence in Kandhamal district, Orissa, lent their voices of protest at a public rally marking the fourth anniversary of the violence and call for justice, peace, and harmony.
The attacks, led by Hindu extremists, caused 55,000 Christians to flee their homes. They have little recourse, Stravers says, because "these tribal Christians would be considered the bottom of the social ladder, so they don't have much political clout. They're discriminated against anyway, so they're just basically being ignored by the powers that be."
Asia News reports bear that out. Of the 3,232 complaints filed by victims and their families, district police accepted 48% of the cases. A scant 828 were registered as a first information report (FIR).
The numbers from Asia News also show that out of 245 cases dealt with by the Fast Track Court, convictions were obtained in 73 cases. Another 267 cases are still waiting to go to trial. Of the thousands accused in the pogroms, only 452 have been convicted; all the others were acquitted of the charges. Six have been sentenced to life in prison out of the 30 cases involving murder.
Despite the slow journey to justice, the work of Mission India continues, notes Stravers. "We still continue to work in all of Orissa, in all the different districts, including the tribal districts--all those places where you have these incidents of violence and our partners continue to work."
However, teams have had to be more careful in the days since the 2008 riots. "Obviously in those places where there has been this violence and continuing threats, there are many Christian workers that just don't feel that it's safe to carry on ministry. For us, that's the big prayer request."
Then, this news came: the Himachal Pradesh High Court struck down two provisions of the anti-conversion law. Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) reported the decision on August 30.
Stravers says, "The changes that the Himachal Pradesh High Court delivered are really good for Orissa because they struck down a section of the law which makes it mandatory for any person seeking to convert to go and give prior notice to local authorities before he actually would be baptized."
On the other, "The court decision of Himachal Pradesh did not strike down the entire law, and people are unhappy about that." Stravers goes on to add, "The prayers are that these anti-conversion laws will continue to be struck down piece by piece, if necessary."
Yet, because the legal precedence has been set, they're hoping for a similar response to follow in neighboring states. "Orissa has the same law. Technically, in Orissa if you become a believer and you want to be baptized, you have to go to the chief of police and receive their permission first to do this. Of course, this sets you up for all kinds of intimidation/threats of violence."
Stravers knows their team. Regardless of what happens with the anti-conversion laws, the Gospel will still go forward. In fact, so far, "People are baptized, usually en masse, without first seeking permission because they're going to do it whether they get permission or not. So this section of the law is not routinely enforced."
Disruption their partners endure isn't on the same scale as the anti-Christian violence of 2008. However, it comes regularly. One of their literacy class teachers and his mother were recently assaulted and warned to stop their work or be driven out of the village. Stravers says what happened next is a near-daily occurrence throughout India. "They were both told, 'Convert back to Hinduism within a week or else leave the village and stop your work.' They're praying. They don't know quite what to do. It's a real situation of severe persecution for anyone who is aggressively bringing good news to people."
Pray for patience in this situation. Once the villagers learn to read, they will see the benefits of finishing this class. Pray for patience and wisdom for the teacher and his family. It's only a matter of time before something good comes from the Gospel seeds planted.
Stravers sums it up this way: "Jesus said repeatedly to His disciples, even when He was predicting persecution, 'Do not be afraid. Speak boldly because Jesus reigns.' So that's what we pray for."
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Buzz in a Bottle: The Dangers of Caffeine Spiked Energy Drinks
Kids are consuming more energy drinks than ever before. To them they seem like just a harmless drink, but of course the truth is far more complex. Using interviews with teens and health experts, this excellent program describes the many physical effects that these dangerous concoctions can have; from dizziness and fainting to heart palpitations and anxiety, all the way through to insomnia and nausea. Especially alarming is the growing trend of mixing energy drinks with alcohol, putting users at greater risk of alcohol poisoning. This programme arms kids with the facts, allowing them to make informed decisions about the drinks they choose to consume.
Production Year: 2010
Duration: 17 min
Printable Resources: Yes
Want to learn more about ClickView?
We would be more than happy to come to your school and show you how your teachers and students can benefit from ClickView.Try ClickView for Free
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Avast has made a huge business out of selling antivirus protection for computers and mobile devices, but more recently it was revealed that the Czech-based cybersecurity specialist was also cultivating another, more controversial, revenue stream: harvesting and selling on user data, some of which it amassed by way of those security tools.
But as of today, the latter of those businesses is no longer. Avast announced that it would be winding down Jumpshot, its $180 million marketing technology subsidiary that had been in the business of collecting data from across the web, including within walled gardens, analysing it, and then — unknown to users — selling it on to third-party customers that included tech giants like Microsoft and Google and big brands like Pepsi and Home Depot.
The significance of the incident extends beyond Avast and Jumpshot’s practices: it highlights the sometimes-obscure but very real connection between how some security technology runs the risk of stepping over the boundary into violations of privacy; and ultimately how big data is a hot commodity, a fact that potentially clouds that demarcation even more, as it did here:
“We started Jumpshot in 2015 with the idea of extending our data analytics capabilities beyond core security,” writes the CEO Ondrej Vlcek in a blog post in response to Jumpshot news. “This was during a period where it was becoming increasingly apparent that cybersecurity was going to be a big data game. We thought we could leverage our tools and resources to do this more securely than the countless other companies that were collecting data.”
Today’s news comes on the heels of a series of developments and investigations highlighting Jumpshot’s practices, stretching back to December, when Mozilla and Opera removed Avast extensions after reports that they were collecting user data and browsing histories. Avast — which has over 430 million active users — later came clean, only for a follow up investigation to get published earlier this week unveiling yet more details about the practice and the specific link to Jumpshot, which was founded in 2015 and uses data from 100 million devices.
In Avast’s announcement, it said that “plans to terminate provision of data” to Jumpshot but did not give a timeframe when when Jumpshot would completely cease to operate as part of the closure. There is still no announcement on Jumpshot’s own site.
“Jumpshot intends to continue paying its vendors and suppliers in full as necessary and in the ordinary course for products and services provided to Jumpshot during its wind down process,” the company said. “Jumpshot will be promptly notifying its customers in due course about the termination of its data services.”
Avast had a key partner in Jumpshot in the form of Ascential, the business media company that took a $60.8 million, 35% stake in the subsidiary last July, effectively valuing Jumpshot at around $177 million. An internal memo that we obtained from Ascential notes that the company has already sold its stake back to Avast for the same price, incurring no costs in the process.
Avast’s CEO Ondrej Vlcek, who joined the company 7 months ago, apologised in a separate blog post while also somewhat distancing himself from the history of the company and what it did. He noted that he identified the issues during an audit of the company when he joined (although didn’t act to change any of the practices). Perhaps more importantly, he maintained the legality of the situation:
“Jumpshot has operated as an independent company from the very beginning, with its own management and board of directors, building their products and services via the data feed coming from the Avast antivirus products,” he wrote. “During all those years, both Avast and Jumpshot acted fully within legal bounds – and we very much welcomed the introduction of GDPR in the European Union in May 2018, as it was a rigorous legal framework addressing how companies should treat customer data. Both Avast and Jumpshot committed themselves to 100% GDPR compliance.”
We have reached out to the Czech DPA to ask if it is going to be conducting any investigations around the company in relation to Jumpshot and its practices with data.
In the meantime, with the regulatory implications to one side, the incident has been a blow to Avast, which has in the last couple of days seen its shares tumble nearly 11 percent on the London Stock Exchange where it is traded. The company is currently valued around £4 billion (or $5.2 billion at today’s exchange rates).
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It is very sad to say that we are living in 21 century and the advanced world but still our thinking is very old about females. When a first child takes birth as a girl in the family, we accept quite happily and start thinking about what will happen next – girl or boy. This thought provokes to identify a girl or a boy in pregnancy. The ultrasound scan is used to determine male or female anatomy. If the new baby is a boy then it is okay otherwise people may attempt to kill this fetus inside the womb during the first trimester. Thousands of girls are aborted after knowing their child sex and it is the main cause of female foeticide and imbalance in the sex ratio. Asian and developing countries are more ahead in female foeticide as comparing the developed countries.
Look at this world sex ratio image which presents:
- Pink represents more Males.
- Blue more Females.
- Green the same number of M/F.
Asian countries and some small counties from North America and Europe sex ratio are low as compared with other continentals.
Top 15 Countries where female Sex Ratio is low according to The World Factbook Birth Report:
|Ranking||Name of the Nation||Sex Ratio at Birth|
|1||Liechtenstein||126 males / 100 Females|
|2||China||111 Males / 100 Females|
|3||India||111 Males / 100 Females|
|4||Armenia||110 Males / 100 Females|
|5||Grenada||110 Males / 100 Females|
|6||San Marino||109 Males / 100 Females|
|7||Vietnam||109 Males / 100 Females|
|8||Albania||108 Males / 100 Females|
|9||Isle of Man||108 Males / 100 Females|
|10||Kosovo||108 Males / 100 Females|
|11||Argentina||107 Males / 100 Females|
|12||Bosnia and Herzegovina||107 Males / 100 Females|
|13||Denmark||107 Males / 100 Females|
|14||Greece||107 Males / 100 Females|
|15||Kyrgyzstan||107 Males / 107 Females|
Causes of Female Foeticide
However, there are many causes of female foeticide according to their regions, religions, and communities but the following are the main reasons for girls child foeticide:
1. The Desire of a Boy
The first and vital cause “boy is the status symbol in our society”. We think he will expand our family, earn good money, a man is strong physically & emotionally and he can better take care of his parents till the end. The desire for a boy is the main cause of female foeticide. In many cases, parents give birth to many girls or kill them in the womb till then a boy does not take birth.
2. A Girl cannot proceed with the family lineage
Most people think girls cannot proceed with their father’s family because girls will have to go to the in-law family after the marriage. Parents’ families will go end after her marriage and no one will be there for parents’ care. But that all seems wrong. Most girls love their parents more than boys. They are always with the parents in joy and sorrow.
3. Misuse of Ultrasound technology
An ultrasound scanning machine gives a lot of useful information about the early foetus growth during the pregnancy. Unfortunately, many IVF specialists misuse Ultrasound scan technology to check the baby’s sex which is against the law and nature. Many ultrasound test centers take a lot of money to scan fetuses just to identify wheather this is a boy or girl. If they found it girl then some parents go for abortion. This is really terrible crime and evil thinking.
4. Girls are not safe (Eve Teasing)
Our society is also responsible for girl killing in the womb. Boys tease the girls when they found them alone or even in public places. They do bad comments on their dresses, characters, sexual harassment, acid throwing, and dating abuse. That’s why parents afraid to send girls outside the home, school, colleges, and another city.
5. Marriage Expenses (Dowry System)
We have been following this evil tradition for the past 100 years. Parents start thinking about her marriage from the day she born. They have started gathering things and money for her marriage not for education and good living facilities for their girl. Dowry is a big burden on our society. Dowry is also a major cause of women’s death who is newly married and murdered by continuous harassment and torture by husbands or in-laws family. Dowry deaths are found in India, Australia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Iran. Hundreds of women are killed every day in the world just due to Dowry System. We need to break this tradition to save lives and reduce the extra wedding expenses.
6. Raped or Sexual Harassment
A United Nations Rape statistical report shows that “250,000 cases of rape or attempted rape were recorded by police annually”. Many females are afraid to report this crime because of the importance of family reputation in society. Thousands of women are raped every day in the world and killed many of them. This also the biggest cause of female foeticide.
7. A Girls is not as Strong as a Boy
We feel girls cannot do the work as well as boys do like they can’t join the army and police, girls cannot do heavy-duty jobs, Catholic priests, driving buses & trucks and professional pilots. But girls have reached all the places nowadays. They have the ability to perform any task. We just need to give them a chance to show their ability.
8. Gender Discrimination
Until we do not stop boy and girl gender discrimination till then this girls killing crime is not going to stop. We need to treat and provide equal rights to the girl not only at the home but also in public places, offices, and educational institutes.
9. Lack of Education
The female Foeticide ratio is higher in the countries or regions where the illiteracy rate is high, lack of education and knowledge. People are still living with traditional thoughts and culture which is anti-women. Most of the women still at home and busy with household work and the reason behind it we think women are just for housework. She does not require education and work skills.
10. Corruption in Medical Field
The medical profession was once an honest and respected field of the job but today is corruption at every level. Corruption is also a major factor in the rise of female foeticide. Doctors take a lot of money to check a baby’s gender using an ultrasound scan and then abortion. The doctor and other medical staff need to do their work honestly and follow the legal acts.
What Steps Should We Take To Stop Female Foeticide?
After the reading causes of female foeticide, below given few suggestion to stop female foeticide.
1. Change Thinking Save Girl
Yes, the first thing we need to do change people’s thinking who thinks girls cannot change the world. We should not forget “a man takes birth from a woman”. So a female can do all the things that a man can do perfectly. Our mother also needs to take a step forward and report to your husband or any in-law family member who says about fetus abortion due to a just girl in the womb. Need for girls nursing the same as we do for boys and train them for life challenge and career, not just for housewives and baby-makers.
2. Strong Law
Need to make strong & strict, and world level law so that everybody thinks about the punishment before doing this vital crime. We need to take strong action again doctors, labs, and hospitals where scans and abortions are done due to girl in womb.
3. Non-Gender Discoverable Ultrasound Machines
Our UltraSound machine maker should create an innovative technology that does not show fetus gender while ultrasound. I think UltraSound is only a way to find the fetus’s sex in the womb. So the technician needs to change this change.
4. Public Awareness Programs
Govt or we need to spread awareness and education in our society about this inequality. We should include female foeticide topics in school and college syllabus, organize regular events in rural and urban regions, use technology to spread awareness, make girls feel safe, kill the dowry system, and any other cause which is responsible for women foeticide.
5. Equal preference
The main causes of female feticide; our society and parents give more preference to sons. So we also need to remove this thought and give equal preference to daughter and son. A daughter loves her parents more than boy and always stand with them in joy and sorrow.
In the end, the boy and girls both are important in a family. Both take birth in the world to make the new world. We should focus on their future, lives, and education, not gender. Always remember one thing “A Man Alone cannot Expend a Family Without a Woman”.
Please send your opinion below in the comments. Also, share this article with other people to spread awareness about female foeticide.
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If you are publishing your work in a journal for the first time, it can seem to be an intimidating process. Hopefully the following tips can remove some of the mystery surrounding publishing your first journal paper.
Always remember that you are writing for someone else. Although you are very familiar with the topic, don’t assume that the reader is too. It is important to make it easy for the reader to understand what your paper is doing, and why. Don’t make them hunt for your argument as for a needle in a haystack. Keep in mind the following points when writing:
- Why should the reader care about this topic? Take the time to show the reader why, for example, mental health is a problem and current prevention/treatment methods may be inadequate
- Briefly explain to the reader what is known on the topic to date, and what is not known (i.e., what gap in the literature your paper is attempting to fill)
- Specifically state the question(s) the current paper is attempting to answer
- Clearly detail the methods employed to answer these questions to the point that the reader could replicate your study if they desired
Finding the right journal
Finding the right journal is crucial. There are websites to help you find journals most relevant to your topic (see http://jane.biosemantics.org/), and check what journals have published similar papers in the last couple of years. Important things to bear in mind are the journal citation report and impact factor on web science, and how long you are willing to wait to get your work published – because certain journals will take longer. This is important if you’re nearing the end of you PhD and/or preparing for a job interview and need to show that you are publishable.
If it is your first paper, it is uncommon to not be flat out rejected or to get fairly substantial revisions. If you are rejected, address the feedback as much as possible (if you are provided with any), and move on to your second-choice journal. If you receive a revise and resubmit decision, brilliant. This is good news and it means the journal editor has an interest in your paper and is willing to negotiate with you.
The first thing to do is to read through it all and methodically break down each reviewer’s comments into bullet points. Under each point either outline what changes you made to address this concern or comment on why you feel no changes are required, responding to all comments, no matter how trivial they seem. It is acceptable to decline a reviewer’s suggestion to change a component of your article. Just stick to the facts, don’t rant, and provide a rational explanation. Often this will be accepted by editors, especially if it is clear that you have considered all the feedback received and accepted some of it. Remember, always be courteous and polite in your response to the reviewers, even though some comments may make you angry or swear!
Cillian McDowell is a postgraduate student in the PESS Department here at the University of Limerick. View Cillian’s profile here!
Cillian’s Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
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I have some experience teaching R programming (see, for instance, my Introduction to the Tidyverse course). One of the atypical choices I make is to start by teaching Hadley Wickham’s ggplot2 package, rather than the built-in R plotting.
Many times that I mention this choice to others involved in statistics education, they treat it like a mistake to teach a third-party package first- even if they themselves use ggplot2 for their own plotting. Many teachers suggest I’m overestimating their students: “No, see, my students are beginners…”. If I push the point, they might insist I’m not understanding just how much of a beginner these students are, and emphasize they’re looking to keep it simple and teach the basics, and that that students can get to the advanced methods later. The difference between basic plotting and ggplot2 is thus framed as
My claim is that this is precisely backwards. ggplot2 is easier to teach beginners, not harder, and makes constructing plots simpler, not more complicated.
This should not be a surprise. ggplot2 aims for abstraction, where the choices the you make are the ones that matter for your visualization of the data. This is exactly what you want for beginners. In the meantime, R’s basic plotting makes you construct your graph piece by piece, often making use of more advanced constructs like loops. Besides which, the fact that something was invented first doesn’t make it more basic. The fact that these functions were written in the early 1990s doesn’t somehow guarantee that they’re suited for beginners.
Here are a few specific advantages of ggplot2 for beginners:
- With built-in plotting you have to make your own legends (using the
legendfunction). This requires at least one additional line of code, and for complex plots it requires keeping track of the variables and aesthetics you used. Every time you change your plot slightly (e.g. what each color represents), you have to change your legend as well. If you’re an experienced programmer, you’ll be able to set up lists and abstractions that make this less of an inconvenience. But it’s one more challenge for beginners.
- Faceting is a great way to display data in multiple subplots, and in basic plots it is quite difficult. You have to make a call to
parto set the number of subplots, then construct a for loop to create each plot separately. (Those who have programming experience often forget how difficult loops are for beginnners). This requires programming logic that is overwhelming for beginners.
- ggplot2 teaches you to work with tidy data, which is a good habit to build. R functions like
lmuse tidy data, as do exploratory data analysis packages like data.table or dplyr.
- ggplot2 looks better. Just compare:
Why does it matter how the plot looks? Because you’re not just teaching students how to program in R, you’re teaching them that they should. Learning to program takes effort and investment, and the more compelling the figures you can create very early in the course, the more easily you can convince them it is worth the effort.
This fits into a general principle I find myself arguing over and over, which is that you should teach your students as you would have wanted to be taught. The same goes for something like knitr- even the coders I know who swear by knitr are skeptical when I teach it to beginners. But knitr is an exceptional tool for students- it makes homework assignments in particular much easier. Why should we keep it from them?
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Using data, New York City has already seen a preview of the effects of climate change, from superstorms to increasing number of days with extreme heat. However, the city is also uniquely poised to lead the fight against climate change in the US. NYC has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050, meaning that its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be equal to the amount of GHGs it can negate.
More than half of the city’s GHG emissions are produced by the electricity and fossil fuels used to heat and power buildings. This sector will need to cut emissions drastically in order to reach net zero. This exploratory data analysis seeks to analyze current energy use in New York City’s buildings and search for trends and patterns to help determine a path forward.
Local laws require that all buildings over 25,000 square feet–and city-owned buildings over 10,000 square feet–report each year on their energy and water use. This data is publicly available on NYC Open Data. The datasets used in this analysis consist of building data for the calendar years 2020 and 2019. Approximately 29,000 buildings are included in each dataset. While this makes up a fraction of NYC’s approximately one million buildings these are the largest buildings in the city by square footage. As they contribute about 61% of all emissions from buildings in NYC, they represent a good place to start.
I began my analysis with the 2020 dataset, since it was the most recent available dataset. However, as in many industries, 2020 was an unusual year for building operations. Compared to the 2019 dataset, the total GHG emissions were approximately 19.7% lower in 2020 than 2019. The following graph shows the breakdown in GHG emissions by borough.
Manhattan saw the greatest decrease, with 23% lower emissions in 2020. The Bronx and Brooklyn saw the smallest decrease, with about 13.5% lower emissions in 2020. It’s possible that NYC saw true decreases in GHG emissions during the initial wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. It’s also possible that some of the GHG emissions were shifted from larger buildings included in the dataset to smaller residential buildings not included in the dataset. It will be interesting to see how emissions trended in 2021 as the city revved back up.
I checked for correlation between factors such as year the building was built and Energy Use Intensity, measured in kBtu/square foot. No correlation was found, suggesting that there is not a significant difference in energy efficiency between buildings built in different years.
The chart below shows the property types contributing the most to greenhouse gas emissions in NYC. Multifamily housing and office buildings were the biggest contributors by far, suggesting they will be good targets for emissions reductions regulations and incentives.
Green Power Generation Data
Of all the buildings reporting data, only 86 buildings reported onsite green power generation. In this dataset, green power generation means power generated from solar panels or wind turbines. The majority of the green power in the city is being generated by K-12 schools, as shown in the graph below. They generated nearly 140,000,000 kWh in 2020, which is enough to approximately 19,000 homes’ annual electricity use according to the EPA’s equivalency calculator.
New York City’s rooftop solar energy potential may be more limited than less densely built-up areas, and only 86 out of the 29,000 buildings in the dataset have solar panels. Roof space is limited, but it still seems NYC is not maximizing its solar energy potential. I decided to estimate how much green power could be generated if buildings of the same property type generated electricity at the same rate as the current green power producers.
Only five property use types had at least three data points, so I only looked at those five types (shown in the graph above). I estimated that approximately 4.26 terawatt-hours of electricity could be produced annually, which is close to 8% of NYC’s annual electricity use! It should be noted that rooftop square footage was not included in the dataset. Total building square footage is a useful but not totally accurate metric to use instead, since many NYC buildings are high rises with relatively low rooftop to gross square footage. The chart below shows the power generation potential of the five building types.
Comparison to Energy Star Benchmarks Data
Each entry in the dataset also includes the building’s Site EUI, or Energy Use Intensity, measured in kBtu/square foot. It is the amount of energy used per square foot for a building, and is useful to be able to compare the energy efficiency of buildings of different sizes. It is also useful to be able to benchmark against other similar types of buildings. Energy Star has calculated a list of median EUIs for different property types.
I used the 2019 dataset for this analysis since the 2020 data was so affected by the pandemic. Overall, the buildings in the dataset were well above the Energy Star national median, suggesting that the top emitting property types also have a lot of room for improvement in terms of energy efficiency. In a way, this means the path is straightforward: Tackle the highest emitting property types first to make large dents in citywide energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
The plot below shows the site EUIs per property type of the buildings in the data, with only some of the top GHG emitting property types shown. The red dot indicates the Energy Star median EUI. The chart shows that for most of the top GHG emitting property types in New York, the median EUI is greater than the Energy Star median EUI.
This means those building types are using more energy per square foot than recommended, and are not as energy efficient as they could be. With the exception of Hospital, all property types included in the chart are less energy efficient than the Energy Star benchmark, with Prison/Incarceration EUIs being especially high.
New York City has a long way to go to tackle its greenhouse gas emissions and fight climate change. However, there are many areas for improvement, including relatively low energy efficiency of some of the largest energy user property types, and a lack of onsite green power generation throughout the city. Targeting these low-hanging fruits first could lead to fast, dramatic cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, while deep decarbonization will take more time.
Expanding the dataset to include smaller buildings would help get a fuller picture of energy use in New York, and see if energy use is shifting away from the larger buildings in the city due to changing work habits during the Covid-19 pandemic.
It would be interesting to look at the breakdown of fossil fuels and steam heat usage in the different buildings, and determine a path forward for electrification. How much more electricity will be required to support electrification of these buildings?
The skills I demoed here can be learned through taking Data Science with Machine Learning bootcamp with NYC Data Science Academy.
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andremacon srl - via del Cardellino 55 - 20147 Milano - P.I. 08562150964
Creativity is contagious, pass it on
“Target therapies are developed to exploit cancer's "Achilles heel" to develop new therapies against the disease”
“Biomarker investigation can help the identification of subset of patients who will benefit from targeted tehrapies."
Artificial Intelligence & Health
“AI & Health offer the potential for a smarter, safer and more effective way to treat cancer”
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and precision medicine promises to revolutionize health care. Precision medicine methods identify phenotypes of patients with less‐common responses to treatment or unique healthcare needs. AI leverages sophisticated computation and inference to generate insights, enables the system to reason and learn, and empowers clinician decision making through augmented intelligence.
We are focused on developing innovative therapeutics that potently and selectively inhibit abnormal cell signaling pathways that drive cancer. In addition, we are working to pair our drug candidates with genetic data and other diagnostic information to identify patients who are most likely to benefit.
Through this approach, we believe we can deliver innovative medicines that have increased clinical benefit in selected patient populations and potentially fewer side effects, allowing for a higher dosage and better anti-cancer activity
Biomarkers are playing an ever-increasingly important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer patients. Biomarkers are molecules that represent an abnormal or normal condition taking place in the organism, and may be a sign of an underlying condition or disease. A large evidence identifying in DNA, proteins or hormones, types of molecules, which can serve as biomarkers, since they indicate something about a patient’s health.
We turn discovery into innovative therapies
Our passion and understanding of the biology of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases give us a unique perspective on how to respond to the constant challenge of drugs development.
We use our expertise to produce innovative antibody-based therapies that have the potential to transform current treatments.
We are proud to have multiple Andremacon-created products in our pipeline that include antibody therapies in preclinical development.
•Brain tumors, e.g. glioblastoma
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://andremacon.com/
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Virgin Hyperloop's cutting-edge technology can 'comfortably, safely and quietly' shuttle customers along at speeds of up to 670 miles per hour, according to a new promo video from the transportation start-up.
A clip released on Monday explains how passenger pods accelerate through a near-vacuum via electric propulsion, gliding along without actually touching the track thanks to magnetic levitation that limits aerodynamic drag.
'It unveils details on our 'smart vehicle, dumb road' commercial system architecture,' a representative said of the clip, 'including the on-board levitation engines, propulsion engines, and high-power batteries that have never been publicly shown.'
It also sings the praises of the trains as an efficient, economical and sustainable mode of transportation with zero carbon emissions.
Virgin Hyperloop's 670 mph speed is ten times faster than a typical commercial train and three times as fast as current high-speed rail. (The top speed for Amtrak's Acela trains is about 150 mph.)
It's even faster than most commercial jets, which reach cruising speeds of about 460 to 575 mph.
Unlike commercial jets, the Hyperloop would have zero direct carbon emissions.
Hyperloop pods would travel in clusters but aren't connected like traditional railroad cars, and wouldn't have to be directed at the same destination.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://pirateswithoutborders.com/information/590755-virgin-hyperloop-explains-how-passenger-pods-will-travel-at-670mph
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en
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With sadness I read the news of the passing of the papal nuncio to the United States, Archbishop Pietro Sambi, after complications following lung surgery. Although I have never written about or ben involved with the archbishop, either personally or through the medium of this blog, from other writers I get the unmistakable impression that he was a colourful character, a perfect fit for such a large and dynamic nation as the United States, and he will be sorely missed.
Whispers has a full report with all the details, including the great quote below, given by Archbishop Sambi in 2007 at an education convention:
[A] young man, 22 years old, once took a piece of marble and sculpted in it two of the most deep human sentiments: suffering accepted from the hand of God does not diminish the beauty of the human person but increases it, and — second sentiment — even in death, a son continues to have full confidence in his mother.
This is the Pietá of Michelangelo, that you can see everytime you enter in the Basilica of St Peter in Rome.
Michelangelo, the author of the Pietá, is considered one of the greatest artists in the world. I don’t believe it! The greatest artists are the educators — are you– because you try to sculpt the best of yourselves, of who you are and what you know, not in a piece of marble, but in living, breathing human beings, who are the glory of God.
Also be sure to read the touching words written by Bishop Robert Lynch of Saint Petersburg, Florida.
Even a cursory glance at the rota of bishop appointments overt he ast few years will reveal the good that Archbishop Sambi has done. Even in the final weeks, his work led to the appointment of Archbishop Charles Chaput to Philadelphia: a sign of promise and hope for the future, and an indication of the nuncio’s good nose for prelatial transfers.
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https://incaelo.wordpress.com/tag/archbishop-pietro-sambi/
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Cholesterol & Human Body
The minority of cholesterol that people use came from their diet. Most cholesterol is made into our body. Dr. Ian del Conde, Cardiovascular Specialist with Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, says diet plays an important role but it is not definitive. The specialist also explains how atherosclerosis happens.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://dev.allhealthtv.com/cholesterol-human-body/
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What Is An ESignature?
An eSignature is data that logically identifies an individual. The signature used to sign the data is used by the signer to verify it. The eSignature is usually encrypted, which is why it is so popular. It can be used to create digital documents, and then transfer them via the Internet. It can also be used for certifying documents by storing the signature and encrypting it. If you loved this posting and you would like to acquire far more facts regarding esign kindly stop by our own internet site.
An eSignature is a digital version of a person’s signature. You can view it by anyone. However the document must be linked electronically to the individual’s account. This makes it possible to ensure that a document is not altered since its creation. An eSignature can also be verified and retained by a business, saving time and money. It requires students to enter their login credentials, answer questions generated from AssureSign Knowledge Bas Article (KBA), and sign the document.
eSignatures are increasingly popular with businesses. There are many benefits to eSignatures. They can be used in place of paper paperwork. The documents can be electronically signed electronically by scanning or emailing them. The eSignature also requires no software installation and can be stored on the cloud. It’s a great option for a business that doesn’t need a physical copy of a contract.
Another advantage of eSignatures is that they are more secure. Electronic signatures, unlike traditional paper contracts, are stored in the cloud. This makes them less vulnerable to being lost, damaged, or accessed unauthorized persons. And because they are stored in the cloud, they are less likely to be lost or stolen. There are no paper copies and it is much easier to sign documents electronically. Therefore, eSignatures are highly recommended for any business.
eSignatures are becoming more common. Virtually all companies now use digital signatures. The use of eSignatures has increased productivity and efficiency in many industries. They are especially valuable to businesses that deal with many documents. However, it’s not clear how much more businesses will benefit from these features. A successful eSignature should also support a number of other important aspects of an organization. For instance, it should be compatible with other apps and click web page software programs.
eSignatures have many benefits. They are not only secure but also very convenient. A standard eSignature can be used for all types of contracts, including commercial and labour contracts. The eSignature can also be used to check the authenticity of a document. This is a great tool for transferring money and documents. Because it is so easy to use, it’s more secure.
An eSignature can also be used for a number of recurring business functions. For example, a company can automate its contract-signing processes by incorporating an eSignature workflow. This way, the company can customize its document collection and eliminate common errors that can occur when collating documents. Moreover, an eSignature can be easily customized, which saves valuable time for employees. In addition, it can be customized to suit a particular business process.
eSignatures are a useful tool for companies that want to make documents legally binding. They can also be used to protect sensitive information. For instance, an eSignature can be used as a proof of identity. An eSignature can be a legal proof of identity. In most countries, an eSignature can be trusted. It can be used to legally bind documents in many transactions.
An eSignature can be accepted for most contract documents, such as invoices, sales agreements, software licenses, and real estate documents. It can be used both for B2B and B2C transactions. For instance, it is accepted for consumer credit loan agreements and court briefs. In addition, an eSignature can be accepted for both a business transaction and for personal ones. The eSignature can also be used to sign contracts.
An eSignature has the same legal status as a wet one, and can be incorporated into documents in a number of ways. For instance, an eSignature may be the most secure form of electronic documentation. The eSignature is a legal document with legal standing. It can be trusted to protect the identity of the person signing it. A document can be digitally signed by multiple people.
If you enjoyed this information and you would such as to obtain additional information concerning esign kindly visit the website.
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A failing wastewater manhole with structural damage was identified. Damaged was a direct cause of elevated H2S gases present (within the localized WW network) accumulating and slowly attacking / eating the internal walls of the concrete manhole from the inside out.
The manhole replacement was a deemed as a high risk and high priority replacement as it processes and discharges up to 30l/s which is equivalent to approximately of 85% of Raglans wastewater.
With the manhole intended for replacement neighboring our beautiful Raglan harbour, significant methodological and contingency planning was undertaken to mitigate any general and/or environmental risks posed upon the project if the installation went ‘pear shaped’.
As a result of conducting a thorough assessment upon the existing asset, the process of modelling the failing, H2S deteriorated concrete manhole as a replica of the insitu manhole was undertaken to recreate / construct a replacement in the form of a Smartstream PE product.
The PE manhole was an excellent alternative in this situation with whole-of-life benefits of the PE product including;
- Polyethylene does not suffer from internal and external gas attacks (H2S protection)
- Ease of application upon an existing network which allowed for essential utilities to remain in service
- Elimination of root intrusion and ground water ingress through PE welded joints
- Value-for-money product with significant time and cost savings through installation techniques
- Durable and light weight, which reduces transport and handling costs.
- Along with hydraulic benefits the spherical base allows multiple inlets to be attached at any angle between 45 ̊ and 315 ̊, with allowance of varying and specific grades
- The Polyethylene manhole removes any delay in concrete related tasks as it removes ‘curing time’, manhole sectional builds and additional sealing or consumable products used during construction.
A 1st for the Waikato District Council
The replacement of this manhole was carried out as the first polyethylene (PE) manhole to be installed within the Waikato District network. The successful, effective and smooth installation of this PE manhole paves the way allowing alternative beneficial options for future activities upon existing and/or new infrastructure.
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https://www.hygradewater.co.nz/marine-parade-manhole-replacement/
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Poets, playwrights and novelists, Britain is famous for its literary talent. From Chaucer’s 'Tales' to J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter… so much of the world’s greatest literature has come from Britain.
And the greatest British writer of them all is the Bard himself: William Shakespeare, and this is Shakespeare’s Globe in London, on the banks of the River Thames.
William Shakespeare wrote some of the most famous plays in the world. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth are among his best-known works. Many of his plays were performed at the original Globe Theatre, a short distance from here. It burnt down in 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII.
Shakespeare’s Globe opened to the public fifteen years ago. It’s an idea or ‘best guess’ at what the Globe might have looked like. It’s a theatre, exhibition space and place of international education. It aims to bring an appreciation of Shakespeare to a wider audience.
Dominic Dromgoole is the Globe's artistic director.
Richard: Dominic, tell me about the Globe.
Dominic: The Globe is a recreation of Shakespeare's theatre which was originally built in 1599 by Shakespeare's own company to house his own work and the work of many other playwrights. It's an extraordinary theatre. It has no roof, as you can see, which makes it extraordinary within itself. It has a curved auditorium and a beautiful frons scenae, and it's probably one of the most exciting theatres to watch a play in or to act in in the world.
Richard: So what happens here?
Dominic: We do about 300 performances every year, about 1,500 people attend every performance. We do a variety of plays by Shakespeare, by other contemporaries of Shakespeare, by... new plays as well, and an extraordinary audience comes from all over the world.
Richard: Do you think Shakespeare is still relevant today?
Dominic: More than ever. Shakespeare speaks to us about our own personal feelings, about love, about grief, about jealousy, about joy, about bereavement, about any of a huge number of things. I can hardly think of a contemporary writer who is as relevant as Shakespeare is.
Do you know what? I’ve got a real feeling of what a theatre would have been like hundreds of years ago. It’s inspirational…
To be or not to be? That's the question, isn't it?
The British landscape has had a huge influence on generations of writers and has inspired them to produce some of their greatest works.
The beauty of the Dorset countryside shines through Thomas Hardy's novels, and Wordsworth's poetry is clearly affected by his love of the Lake District.
The landscape of the city has also influenced authors. The plight of the urban poor inspired one the giants of English literature, Charles Dickens.
Charles Dickens was a great British novelist. He lived here, at 48 Doughty Street in London, and his old home has now been turned into a museum. I’m going to step back in time to see how Dickens might have lived.
The Charles Dickens Museum has over 100,000 rare books, works of art and many personal items owned by Dickens himself. Some of his best-loved works, like Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby, were written here. Dickens was popular in his day, but his work has never gone out of print.
Julia Ziemer works at the museum.
Richard: Julia, tell me about the museum.
Julia: So, the museum is based at 48 Doughty Street in London. It's where Dickens lived for 2 years with his young family and where he wrote Oliver Twist, The Pickwick Papers and Nicholas Nickleby.
Richard: What are your most important pieces?
Julia: We have original manuscript material from Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby. We have the desk that Dickens wrote on for his final novel and the painting by R.W. Buss called Dickens's Dream.
Richard: Dickens led a very hard life. Do you think that influenced his writing?
Julia: Absolutely. Dickens was sent to work in a factory when he was just 10 years old, and that experience stayed with him for the rest of his life. If you look at his novels, lots of characters are young children working in horrible conditions.
Richard: Why was he such an important figure?
Julia: Dickens was a unique writer in his time in that he was very popular with the working classes but also respected by the literature community and read by the higher classes.
Richard: He was born 200 years ago. Do you think he's still relevant today?
Julia: Definitely. 200 years on, the things that Dickens was writing about - social inequality, poverty - are still very relevant today.
This is the last desk that Dickens ever wrote at and I can’t wait to have a read of these. Dickens’ work seems to be able to cross the centuries, but he’s not alone. Other British novelists from the past are still popular today.
Which of these things does Richard do?
Which sentences are true?
Make sentences from the video by putting the words in the correct order.
Use must/can/might + present tense for present possibilities, and must/might/can + have + past participle to talk about possibility in the past. Use the negative if you need it.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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As 2013 comes to a close let's take a quick look at the most popular posts here over the course of the last year.
It seems the voices, both for and against the Common Core State Standards got louder over the past year. Wherever you come down on the debate I hope we can all agree that, in most cases, summative assessments have their place. But in day-to-day learning in the classroom formative assessments give us a truer picture of how are kids are learning and how our teaching needs to adapt. In Formative Assessments Are Easier Than You Think, we took a look at a few, simple techniques and tools you could use each day to gauge how your students were learning and gain valuable insight into their learning. And in Why Formative Assessments Matter we look at a story of how formative assessments changed one classroom for the better.
The gathering of information is just one part of the digital literacy puzzle. Understanding how to organize, or curate that information is, I would argue, much more of an important skill. In the past, the only way we could keep our bookmarks and resources was in our browser. Now we can take that information anywhere, to any device, and share it with anyone with social bookmarking and social curation tools. In the post Doing More With Diigo we took a look at what the service is and how teachers and students could use it to collect, curate and share information.
Blogging is a large part of my professional and personal reflection process. I use my blog to share, think and learn in a public way. Blogging is also becoming a larger part of student's learning. But how do you get started? What services can you use? How can blogs be used in the classroom? Are their prompts you can use? How about grading them? In the post So...You Wanna Use Blogs In The Classroom, we looked at the answers to all those questions and more.
Collecting and curating information is just part of the digital literacy package. If you don't have the skills necessary to keep safe online, you could end up making a lifelong mistake. (Just ask Justine Sacco.) We all need to understand how be smart and how to protect our information and our identities while living online. In So...You Wanna Be A Good Digital Citizen we took a look at resources kids and teachers can use to be better digital users.
In my position of technology leadership I spend a lot of time talking to school and district leaders about technology integration and how technology can be better utilized for learning. I use a lot of resources to prompt conversations and get our administrators thinking. In the post 5 Leadership Questions To Finish (And Start) The School Year With I look at one of my favorite technology leadership assessments and pull out the 5 questions we all need to ask to help drive our reflections and our technology decisions each year.
An interesting collection of posts indeed.
While not as popular in terms of views, I did have some posts that were fun to write. A few of my favorites from the past year included:
Going Global-Tips and Resources for Global Collaborations
The Administrator PR Machine
The Summer Series of Learning (10 Posts To Learn Something Over The Summer, or Anytime!)
So...You Are Connected. Now What?
This year proved to be my lightest for blog posts. After 5 years, however, I still find this space valuable for my professional and personal growth as an educator and learner. I am so glad you are reading and hope you will join me in 2014 for even more reflections, sharing, learning and growing!
Happy New Year!
cross posted at blog.web20classroom.org
Steven W. Anderson is the Director of Instructional Technology for the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools in Winston-Salem, NC. He also regularly travels the country talking to schools and districts about the use of Social Media in the classroom. Steven has been recognized with the NOW Award and the 2009 and 2011 Edublogs, Twitterer of The Year Award. In 2012 he was named an ASCD Emerging Leader. Read more at blog.web20classroom.org.
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https://www.techlearning.com/tl-advisor-blog/6860
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Israeli occupation forces demolished a Palestinian mosque in Douma town, south of the northern West Bank city of Nablus, at dawn on Thursday.
Ghassan Daghlas, a Palestinian official who monitors Israel’s illegal colonial activities in the northern West Bank, said that a bulldozer and several occupation jeeps invaded the town before demolishing the mosque.
He stated that the destroyed mosque, which is located in the Abu Saifi neighborhood in the town’s eastern section, was constructed two years ago.
According to the Israeli occupation, the mosque was built without a permit from the so-called Civil Administrative Office, the illegal Israeli occupation’s administrative branch.
In addition, Israeli soldiers bulldozed several agricultural roads in Douma’s southern district.
Israeli forces destroy Mosque in Nablus|The Gaza Post
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https://expertistnetwork.com/israeli-forces-demolish-a-mosque-in-nablus/
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If our incomes fall below what is needed to rent an apartment we may become homeless. This can happen to anyone.
The National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH) says in their report The State of Homelessness in America 2012, “The odds for a person in the general U.S. population of experiencing homelessness in the course of a year are 1 in 194.”
But certain demographic groups are much more likely to experience homelessness than the general population, according to NAEH. Upon release from prison, the odds are 1 in 13 that a person will become homeless. A person who is living doubled up with someone else has a 1 in 12 chance of becoming homeless.
The people with the greatest risk of homelessness in this study were kids aging out of foster care. One of every 11 young adults who age out of foster care becomes homeless.
Behind these cold statistics lies a great deal of suffering.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.opendoorskalamazoo.org/homelessness-who-is-most-at-risk/
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| 0.96553
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Shortages in sorted food, in order of need, are: (1) canned soup, (2) “meals in a can” (canned stew, canned pasta, chili, etc), (3) canned fruit, and (4) pasta.
In addition, we need: baby formula equivalents/substitutes for US-produced Similac Blue and Similac Orange (Sensitive). (Special thanks to those who are locating and donating imported formula! – The main US producer was cleared to start up again three weeks ago, but shortages are expected to persist for weeks.) We also need diapers sizes 4, 5 and 6, baby wipes, and Pediasure, as well as Ensure for adults, and adult unisex pullups size large.
PAPER GROCERY BAGS (TRADER JOE SIZE OR SIMILAR) ARE NOW IN VERY SHORT SUPPLY. CAN YOU HELP? Plastic newspaper bags and plastic grocery bags are always needed. Plastic 12-egg cartons are very much needed. Other 12 or 6 unit containers are useful as back-ups. (18 and 24-egg containers are too large for our distribution).
NOT needed at this time: canned vegetables (we still have enough for close to nine weeks).
Over the week ending at close of business 20 June, we received approximately 1.82 tons of non-perishable food. With this and current reserves we expect to cover the 27 June distribution, with the projected shortages for 4 and 11 July distributions. (Baby formula and other items mentioned afterwards are short for next week.)
We gave out approximately 2.16 tons of non-perishable food, and somewhat more perishable food (bread and pastries, fresh vegetables and fruit, etc. – primarily donated by local stores) to 222 families in the week ending on Monday, 20 June. As always, special thanks go to all those helping us to help our neighbors in need!
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<urn:uuid:da60bf05-f71b-4630-8ec1-ccc6e0dd8cc9>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.stmartinsweb.org/post/pantry-report--shortages-as-of-june-20
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en
| 0.953486
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Rust service for redirecting based on a _redirect TXT record.
Who is this for?
If you just bought a domain but have not set up a webserver yet, you can use 301.systems for redirecting your domain. Some registrars can do this for you, but you can use 301.systems if your registrar does not.
How to use the 301.systems service.
If your dns provider supports CNAME records for a root domain, or you want to set up a subdomain, make a CNAME for
301.systems. Otherwise use an A record that points to
220.127.116.11. You can also create an AAAA record with this ipv6 address:
Set up a TXT record for _redirect.yourdomain.tld. The TXT record should contain a valid URL to the site that you want to be redirected to. For example:
$ dig TXT _redirect.301.systems ; <<>> DiG 9.9.7-P3 <<>> TXT _redirect.301.systems ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51808 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1280 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;_redirect.301.systems. IN TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: _redirect.301.systems. 3600 IN TXT "https://github.com/pingiun/Redirector" ;; Query time: 1104 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ;; WHEN: Wed Apr 11 16:24:26 CEST 2018 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 100
You should now be redirected when you visit yourdomain.tld.
If you want to host the rust service yourself you can take these steps:
- Clone this repository (
git clone https://github.com/pingiun/Redirector)
- Build the project with
cargo build --releaseor with docker:
docker build -t redirector .
- When running the program, supply the
LISTEN_ADDRenvironment variable, for example:
LISTEN_ADDR=localhost:8080 RUST_LOG=redirector=info target/release/redirector
or in docker (example uses the docker hub version):
docker run -e LISTEN_ADDR=0.0.0.0:80 -p 80:80 -d pingiun/redirector
If you want to run on ipv6 as well (or any other address), you can supply the
LISTEN_ADDR_6 environment variable.
Deploying on kubernetes
This project has supplied a kubernetes deployment to run redirector with 3 replicas. You can change the deploy.yaml file to your needs and create the deployment with
kubectl create -f deploy.yaml.
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From antiquity to the present day, this book offers a fascinating insight into the histories, movements and conflicts which have come to shape our world, viewed through the stories of the destruction of 21 statues.
Confederate soldiers hacked to pieces. A British slave trader dumped in the river. An Aboriginal warrior twice beheaded. A Chinese philosopher consumed by fire. A Greek goddess left to rot in the desert…
Statues stand as markers of collective memory connecting us to a shared sense of belonging. When societies fracture into warring tribes, we convince ourselves that the past is irredeemably evil. So, we tear down our statues. But what begins with the destruction of statues, ends with the killing of people.
This remarkable book is a compelling history of love and hate spanning every continent, religion and era, told through the destruction of 21 statues. Peter Hughes’ original approach, blending philosophy, psychology and history, explores how these symbols of our identity give us more than an understanding of our past. In the wars that rage around them, they may also hold the key to our future.
The 21 statues are Hatshepsut (Ancient Egypt), Nero (Suffolk, UK), Athena (Syria), Buddhas of Bamiyan (Afghanistan), Hecate (Constantinople), Our Lady of Caversham (near Reading, UK), Huitzilopochtli (Mexico), Confucius (China), Louis XV (France), Mendelssohn (Germany), The Confederate Monument (US), Sir John A. Macdonald (Canada), Christopher Columbus (Venezuela), Edward Colston (Bristol, UK), Cecil Rhodes (South Africa), George Washington (US), Stalin (Hungary), Yagan (Australia), Saddam Hussein (Iraq), B. R. Ambedkar (India) and Frederick Douglass (US).
The book includes a black and white illustration of each statue and an illustrated map showing their geographical location.
A History of Love and Hate in 21 Statues is a profound and necessary meditation on identity which resonates powerfully today as statues tumble around the world.
About the Author
Dr. Peter Hughes is a philosopher and psychologist with expertise in how individuals succumb to the madness of crowds. He has a PhD in philosophy and is a member of the British Psychological Society. An experienced broadcaster, he has worked with extremes of human behaviour and his combination of academic expertise and real-world experience give him a unique perspective on the statue wars.
DR. PETER HUGHES is a philosopher and a member of the British Psychological Society. An expert in extremes of human behaviour, he has featured on the BBC, ABC Australia and numerous documentaries. He writes for publications including The Huffington Post, The Spectator, Quillette, Perspective Magazine and The New Statesman.
'Fascinating analysis. A great read.’ Julia Hartley-Brewer, TalkRADIO TV Breakfast Show
"An innovative and compelling examination of the fundamental DNA of humanity - our talent for creation and destruction."
ROBIN MORGAN, award-winning journalist former editor of The Sunday Times Magazine
“This book considers why statues, and their removal, continue to provoke strong emotions. It also tells us the stories of 21 acts of statue destruction, why they took place, and what they tell us about our view of the past.”
BBC HISTORY MAGAZINE
'An enjoyable survey of historical antagonism, and a welcome alternative perspective on a flashpoint in the culture wars'
Dominic Selwood, TLS
‘An enjoyable survey of historical antagonism, and a welcome alternative perspective on a lashpoint in the culture wars.' THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT
‘A remarkable work of history...If you want to understand the statue debate, this is the book for you.’ ASPECTS OF HISTORY
'An innovative and compelling examination of the fundamental DNA of humanity - our talent for creation and destruction.'
ROBIN MORGAN, award-winning journalist former editor of the Sunday Times Magazine
'A remarkable work of history from a psychologist and philosopher – if you want to understand the statue debate, this is the book for you. Beginning with Hatshepsut in ancient Egypt, through antiquity and the medieval period featuring Nero, Athena and Huitzilopochtli of the Aztecs, the majority deal with destruction from the 20th and 21st centuries. But each essay is far more than an account of their removal. There is gold dust to be found within each, such as Isabel Wilkerson’s experience with a Trump supporting plumber (that had me optimistic for the future); and the analysis of Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and the Belgian colonial behaviour behind it is spellbinding. Towards the end Hughes deals with the big-guns: Colston, Cecil Rhodes, Stalin and Saddam Hussein and each is handled brilliantly as other histories are interweaved to make the reader see the implications of each demolition. If you’re looking to really understand the statue question, this is the book for you.' OLIVER WEBB-CARTER, Aspects of History
'Fascinating analysis. A great read.’Julia Hartley-Brewer, TalkRADIO TV Breakfast Show
'This book considers why statues, and their removal, continue to provoke strong emotions. It also tells us the stories of 21 acts of statue destruction, why they took place, and what they tell us about our view of the past.'
BBC HISTORY MAGAZINE
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This post was jointly written by Dr. Chevonne Dayboll and Dr. Sarah Jandricic
It’s time to think about spring again! This post gathers some of the most important things to plan and prep for in the greenhouse before your spring production begins in earnest.
1. Make sure your inputs are ordered
We can’t emphasize this one enough. COVID-19 and container boat issues are still causing shipping delays that are affecting many industries including greenhouses. Make sure you order potting mixes, plastic trays and pots, fertilizers, and production inputs well ahead of when you will need them. If you are planning on doing greenhouse upgrades in between seasons make sure you confirm delivery and installation timelines with your contractors. Many of them are facing delays too!
2. Now is the time for preventative maintenance
Now is a great time to schedule preventive maintenance for your boiler, irrigation and shading systems. Make sure that all motors and alarms are working before you need to rely on them. No one wants to find out that their temperature alarm failed on a cold February morning! Ensure you are getting the pressure you expect all along your irrigation system. If you rely on propane heaters for early spring production make sure they are venting properly. Damage from improper venting can present as stunted growth or leaf burn.
Take some time to inspect the greenhouse for wear-and-tear. Repair cracked poly and broken glass to keep heat from escaping. Make sure old torn energy curtains are replaced. A heat sensitive camera can help to identify areas of energy loss and help you plan for energy efficient upgrades in the future.Continue reading “Time to Prepare for Spring 2022”
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LONDON — Although people receiving Pfizer’s version of the coronavirus vaccine will be getting two doses, a new report by the British government finds just one shot is having a profound impact on ending the pandemic. Researchers with Public Health England (PHE) find one dose of the Pfizer vaccine slashes the risk of death from COVID-19 by more than 75 percent.
The new report adds that the vaccine is also effective against the new “B.1.1.7” mutation that caused the virus to spread rapidly through south east London before Christmas. Early data shows the first shot reduces the risk of catching the virus by more than 70 percent. That protection goes up to 85 percent once patients receive their second shot.
PHE described the independent analysis, examining British healthcare workers, as “promising.” Researchers discovered “high levels of protection” after the first shot, with hospitalization and mortality rates dropping significantly in those receiving the Pfizer version.
“This is strong evidence that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is stopping people from getting infected, while also protecting cases against hospitalization and death,” says Dr. Mary Ramsay, head of immunization at PHE, in a media release. “We will see much more data over the coming weeks and months but we should be very encouraged by these initial findings.”
Pfizer COVID vaccine improves protection for seniors
The testing data shows that one dose is 57 percent effective against symptomatic disease in adults over 80 years-old after about three to four weeks. A second dose improves protection in this group by another 30 percent, bringing total protection to 85 percent in seniors.
Hospitalization and deaths are falling in all age groups, but the oldest are seeing the fastest benefits since the new strain’s peak in mid-January. Study authors say the few vaccinated people who still go on to become infected with COVID are far less likely to die or need hospitalization.
The risk of dying in those over 80 years-old is 56 percent lower 14 days after receiving the first vaccine dose. Moreover, those who develop infection afterwards are around 40 percent less likely to need hospitalization than someone who did not receive the vaccine.
Although the initial results are promising, PHE says they will continue to observe these trends closely over the coming months, as the vaccine is not a guarantee of total immunity.
“Protection is not complete, and we don’t yet know how much these vaccines will reduce the risk of you passing COVID-19 onto others,” Dr. Ramsay says. “So even if you have been vaccinated, it is really important that you continue to act like you have the virus, practice good hand hygiene and stay at home.”
Other vaccines may be just as effective
PHE is also monitoring the impact of the AstraZeneca vaccine and will publish these findings in due course. Early signs suggest it is providing good levels of protection from its first dose as well.
There is also good evidence suggesting that giving the second dose of AstraZeneca later will lead to much higher levels of protection. Offering the booster at twelve weeks will therefore help to ensure longer lasting protection beyond the current restrictions.
“This crucial report shows vaccines are working – it is extremely encouraging to see evidence that the Pfizer vaccine offers a high degree of protection against coronavirus,” Health Secretary Matt Hancock says.
“Vaccines save lives, and so it is vital we roll out the vaccine program as fast as possible, and that as many people as possible take the jab. This new evidence shows that the jab protects you, and protects those around you. It is important that we see as much evidence as possible on the vaccine’s impact on protection and on transmission, and we will continue to publish evidence as we gather it. As we roll out the jab, it is vital people continue to play their role in protecting the NHS by sticking with the rules.”
The SIREN (Sarscov2 Immunity & REinfection EvaluatioN) study involved a sample of healthcare workers undertaking symptom questionnaires, respiratory swabs, and serum samples.
SWNS writer Mark Waghorn contributed to this report.
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The Turtles of the High Country
El inglés es el idioma de control de esta página. En la medida en que haya algún conflicto entre la traducción al inglés y la traducción, el inglés prevalece.
Al hacer clic en el enlace de traducción se activa un servicio de traducción gratuito para convertir la página al español. Al igual que con cualquier traducción por Internet, la conversión no es sensible al contexto y puede que no traduzca el texto en su significado original. NC State Extension no garantiza la exactitud del texto traducido. Por favor, tenga en cuenta que algunas aplicaciones y/o servicios pueden no funcionar como se espera cuando se traducen.
English is the controlling language of this page. To the extent there is any conflict between the English text and the translation, English controls.
Clicking on the translation link activates a free translation service to convert the page to Spanish. As with any Internet translation, the conversion is not context-sensitive and may not translate the text to its original meaning. NC State Extension does not guarantee the accuracy of the translated text. Please note that some applications and/or services may not function as expected when translated.Collapse ▲
With Spring transitioning into Summer in the High Country region of western North Carolina, our native wildlife is out and about, and encounters with animals become more frequent on our roads, trails, parks, greenways, farms, and forests. While snakes are the reptiles that receive the most attention via random encounters, jump scares, and social media posts, there are a number of turtle species that are also common in the mountains and often seen in our roadways, woods, and waterways.
The eastern box turtle is the only terrestrial turtle found in the state. In 1979, it was chosen to be the North Carolina State Reptile. Yep, that’s actually a thing. They’re black and brown with radiating yellow-orange markings appearing on each scute or ‘scale’ on the turtle’s shell or carapace. Box turtles actually have a hinge on the front bottom part of their shell that allows them to retract their head into the shell, giving them protection from predators and the curious hands of the kids. Here in the mountains (and anywhere in the state, really), you can find them during the spring or summer wandering the woods after a rain shower when they’re out looking for food.
They eat everything from earthworms to berries and other vegetation. In the fall, they bury themselves underground in a shallow burrow to survive the winter. While box turtles are long-lived species—they can live up to 100 years—most live for 30 to 40 years in the wild. The biggest threat to this turtle is death by auto. So, if you see a box turtle on the road and it’s safe to pull over, give it a lift across the road in the direction it’s traveling. Box turtles tend to do well in captivity, but while the kids may enjoy playing with them, it’s the best idea to let them be. Keep our wild animals wild.
Another species you might see along the rights of way here on our roads or around our ponds is the common snapping turtle. It has a brown or black upper shell and a lighter colored lower shell with a big head and a neck that can extend. These turtles also have a long tail and webbed feet. While you may see them on the edge of ponds or near still water, they will move across roadways trying to get from one water source to another. Female snappers often get caught on the roadways in the spring and summer as they move onto drier land like pastures and forest edges to lay their eggs. While not as popular as in the past, snapping turtles are still harvested for human consumption—a main species used in turtle soup. Snapping turtles can get pretty large…40-60 pounds…and are not very ‘pleasant’ when handled. That long neck can get that snappy head close to fingers, and they will bite and urinate on you when handled. Not the best pets. If you DO decide to pull over to move one across the road, handle these from the back part of their shell.
Other turtles you might see in ponds or other water bodies in the mountains are painted turtles, musk turtles or stinkpots (that look like miniature snapping turtles). There’s also the very rare bog turtle. Bog turtles, which are the smallest species of turtle in the US, only measure around 4 inches when fully grown and spend most of their time buried in the mud in higher elevation wetlands of the mountain counties. Habitat destruction and collection for the ‘under the counter’ pet trade has reduced their numbers over the years.
Turtles, like our other reptile and amphibian species, are an important part of our mountain ecosystem and as with many of these animals, WE are their biggest threat. So, if you see that turtle crossing the road, give it a hand if you can, SAFELY. For a turtle found in its natural environment…”if you care, leave it there.”
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http://www.satyaliveyoga.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/logo.jpg 0 0 Christina Jagusiak http://www.satyaliveyoga.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/logo.jpg Christina Jagusiak2012-11-06 09:04:532021-05-27 15:33:38Churning the mill
- Sit in the Base Position (Prarambhik Sthiti).
- Separate the legs as wide apart as comfortable.
- Interlock the fingers of both hands and straighten the arms horizontally, keeping the shoulder height throughout the practice.
- Bend forward from the pelvis and lengthen the arms and torso in front.
- Pivot to the right so that hands pass above the right toes.
- Continue a rotating movement leaning the body backward and arms to centre.
- Then move from the pelvis over to the left, extend the hands forward above the left toes.
- Cycle through the centre leaning as far forward as suitable then continue to the right.
- The straightened arms and upper body move in a circular motion likened to churning a mill.
- Practice 5-10 rotations clockwise and 5-10 rotations anti-clockwise.
- Inhale when leaning back.
- Exhale when moving forward.
- The sensations in the lower back, hips and pelvic area.
- Making the circular motion fluid and smooth.
- Synchronizing the movement with the breath.
- Keep the knees bent and make smaller rotations.
- Slipped disc.
- Improves flexibility and strength in the lower back and spinal column.
- Tones the waist and pelvis.
- Helps to remove constipation.
- Helpful in menstrual irregularities, prenatal and postnatal stages of pregnancy.
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Here is a Sanskrit prayer / chant from the Upanishad to keep us not in darkness of ignorance, but lead us towards light of spiritual knowledge....
Om Asato Ma Sadgamaya -
ॐ असतो मा सद्गमय
तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गम- य ।
मृत्योर्मा- अमृतं गमय ।
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥
Om Asato Maa Sad-Gamaya |
Tamaso Maa Jyotir-Gamaya |
Mrtyor-Maa Amrtam Gamaya |
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||
1: Om, O Lord Keep me not in the Unreality of the bondage of the Phenomenal World, but lead me towards the Reality of the Eternal Self ,
2: O Lord Keep me not in the Darkness of Ignorance, but lead me towards the Light of Spiritual Knowledge,
3: O Lord Keep me not in the Fear of Death due to the bondage of the Mortal World, but lead me towards the Immortality gained by the Knowledge of the Immortal Self beyond Death,
4: Om, May there be Peace, Peace, Peace at the the three levels - Adidaivika, Adibhautika and Adhyatmika.
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The trickle of sad and sour economic news continues to exacerbate Russia’s stagnant economic outlook, but the Kremlin authorities remain resolutely indifferent to these negative trends. They presume that the arrival of a “technical” recession does not constitute a political challenge because the “below-middle” classes have rallied around the flag of confrontation with the West, while the business elites are lined up to follow the government’s “patriotic” instructions. It is the urban middle classes that tend to sink into discontent, but they remain disheartened by the hard-hitting propaganda and divided by selective repressions. This confidence in political control over the economic fundamentals was supposed to be demonstrated last week at the traditional investment forum “Russia Calling,” but a reminder has come instead that such control is a recipe for disaster (Nezavisimaya Gazeta, October 3).
President Vladimir Putin reaffirmed his commitment to the course of Russian re-industrialization and centralized investments channeled through state corporations. However, it was the carelessness with which this pseudo-optimistic message was delivered that caught the most media attention (slon.ru, October 3). The main news-maker of the forum was German Gref, the head of Sberbank, who seemingly lashed out against the incompetence of economic decision-making in the government (polit.ru, October 3). Gref is too experienced a courtier to say a word against the supreme “decider,” but his reference to the collapse of the Soviet Union clearly alluded to Russia’s current slow economic decline (forbes.ru, October 3).
The shortage of investment capital in the Russian Federation is not a temporary spasm but a sustained trend, and the anti-inflation measures of the Central Bank have not checked the devaluation of the unreliable ruble (gazeta.ru, October 2). The government ministers, who tried to neutralize Gref’s criticism, nevertheless seem to have a pretty good understanding of the political impossibility of necessary reforms—though they publicly kept up the pretense of putting in due effort to prepare the draft state budget (Novaya Gazeta, October 3). It, indeed, makes little sense to try to balance the books when the State Duma has just approved legislation (aptly labeled the “Rotenberg law,” after a family of notorious business-crooks) that provides for generous financial compensations to the “oligarchs” whose assets were frozen by Western sanctions (Ezhednevny Zhurnal, October 3).
Sanctions certainly add to the deterioration of the investment climate, but perhaps a deeper impact on the contraction of Russian revenues has been caused by the steady decline in the oil price. This trend has been turning various international credit rating agencies increasingly skeptical in their forecasts for Russia (Kommersant, October 2). Responding to this challenge, Igor Sechin, the head of the state oil company Rosneft, asserted that in order to secure a positive return on the company’s current investments, the international price of oil needs to reach $150 per barrel (Newsru.com, October 3). The market, however, shows little inclination to follow this instruction—the crude oil price today (October 6) hovers around $90 per barrel (crude-oil.net, accessed October 6). At the same time, Rosneft’s production is declining. As a result, even the much-trumpeted news about a discovery of a large oilfield in the Kara Sea has not lifted this company’s market value (RBC Daily, October 3).
The situation is even more problematic in the gas industry, where Gazprom is losing its position on the contracting European market and remains stuck in highly politicized bargaining with Ukraine (RBC, October 4). Gazprom’s hopes for overcoming these weaknesses are pinned on opening a high-volume export channel to China. But as more details emerge about this “strategic” deal, which was signed during Putin’s May visit to Shanghai, the gas agreement starts to look less and less profitable or, indeed, feasible (RBC Daily, October 2). Worry appears to be growing in the Kremlin about obstacles to the deal’s implementation (and, in particular, about the promised but postponed pre-payment, amounting to $25 billion). Thus, a mid-level Gazprom manager, who revealed that the business plan aims at a delay of at least two years, was unceremoniously sacked (newsru.com, October 3).
Putin used to enrich political discourse with pledges about gas prices and promises of pipeline branches; but now these “mundane” matters have been supplanted by his thoughts regarding the international system at large, where an inherently hostile West seeks to subdue the defiant Russia. Economic logic fails to make an impression on this big picture, which is sharply skewed by Russian propaganda. Consequently, the public’s negative attitude toward the European Union continues to rise to almost match its views of the United States—68 percent and 73 percent, respectively (levada.ru, October 3). This jingoist wave prevents the Kremlin from being able to soften the EU’s sanctions, which German Chancellor Angela Merkel—one of the few peers still talking to Putin—tries to hold out as a political incentive (kremlin.ru, October 2).
Putin’s strategic policy of confrontation is a peculiar blend of conspiracy theories, parochial interests of a few loyal oligarchs, and propaganda clichés. Collectively, they support the regime’s ability to rule only over a “besieged fortress” (Novaya Gazeta, October 3). In order to sustain the momentum of national mobilization around the Kremlin towers and reinforce this self-righteous delusion, new “victories” have to be scored. Hence, the clashes around the Donetsk airport may at any moment shatter the fragile ceasefire in eastern Ukraine (lenta.ru, October 4). A sour economic reality of falling incomes and rising prices cannot be allowed to spoil the joy of joining the ranks of true “patriots” who reject the encroachments of the corrupt West and embrace the Russian leadership, corrupt as it may be (slon.ru, October 3).
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, who has re-launched the Open Russia communication platform, warns that this pattern of authoritarian control cannot be broken by democratic means and that the domestic situation in Russia is deteriorating toward a crisis similar to the catastrophic spasm of 1917 (Moskovsky Komsomolets, October 3). This may appear as an over-dramatization. But the deterioration of the economy, propelled by the quasi-geopolitical decision making and the degradation of society, and all of it instigated by war propaganda, make for a self-destructive combination.
In early October 1993, Russia took a step back from the abyss of national catastrophe when tank salvoes in Moscow forced the vying political elites to find a compromise. But this autumn, tank battles in the eastern Ukrainian region of Donbas have destroyed Russia’s rationale for living in peace with its neighbors. The political class is, thus, compelled to keep going forward. A “freezing” of hostilities, which so many Western politicians are eager to see established as a beginning of crisis management, is just not an option for the party of war within the Kremlin’s corridors.
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Young bikers learn Safety First
“I love this helmet!” shouted a happily surprised Eileen Copely.
Copely is a member of Marianne Hite’s first grade class at Uniontown Elementary School, where all first graders received a free bike helmet as part of Aultman Health Foundation’s Safety First program.
Safety First is a 45 minute training class about bicycle safety and each student will receive a brand new bike helmet and instructors who have volunteered their time to teach the safety class professionally fit the helmet to each child.
Students learn safety issues such as which side of the road to ride on and to use hand signals when riding in traffic. As part of the learning experience kids each get a puzzle/coloring book in which there are safety related features, and in the back is a pledge to obey the safety rules that each child puts their name on.
Uniontown Elementary and Hartville Elementary were two of the first schools to be a part of this year’s program. By June, Aultman’s goal is to have taught 246 bike-safety classes at all public and private elementary schools and personally fitted 5,200 students new helmets.
“Our goal is to prevent injuries and encourage children to always wear a helmet no matter how long or short the ride,” said Vicki Haines, Aultman’s vice president of community relations. “Everyone loves this program-from students and parents to teachers and Aultman employees that volunteer-so much that we keep expanding it. It started with just our six neighborhood schools a few years ago.”
In 2006, according to a study by Safe Kids Stark County and Stark County Health Department 435 children were treated for wheeled-sports related injuries and 72 percent of those were bike injuries.
Another reason for approaching the problem in this manner is to make wearing a helmet “cool.”
“Knowing that about 5,000 if their peers all have a helmet makes it cool to wear one,” said Dave Dougherty, Aultman’s director of security. “Personalizing them with stickers is fun for them too.”
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AFROTROPICAL, AUSTRALIAN, NEOTROPICAL, ORIENTAL & PALEARCTIC REGIONS
Generic abbreviation: Lt.
Type species: Culex bigoti Bellardi
Etymology: Adolfo Lutz
The genus Lutzia comprises eight large, drab species, arranged in three subgenera: Insulalutzia (Lt. shinonagai (Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad) from Japan), Lutzia (Lt. allostigma Howard, Dyar & Knab and Lt. bigoti (Bellardi) from the Neotropicas), and Metalutzia Lt. agraensis Singh & Prakash (India); Afrotropical Lt. tigripes (de Grandpre & de Charmoy), Oriental Lt. vorax Edwards, Lt. fuscana (Wiedemann) from the Oriental and Australasian regions; and Lt. halifaxii (Theobald), found from Australia to Pakistan. Lutzia species closely resemble those in the genus Culex, and some workers still consider Lutzia a subgenus of the latter.
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS (Click photos to view; mouse over and click large photo to zoom in.)
ADULT (illustrated): Thorax: Antepronotum with narrow scales; 4–8 long mesepimeral setae; scutellum with narrow scales. Legs: Pulvillus large; Fe-I,II and Ti-I,II with anterior pale scale patches. Wing: Crossvein rm nearly at same level as base of vein M3+4.
LARVA (not illustrated): Head: Mouthparts modified for predation; mandible with strong teeth; maxillary brush with many strong pectinate hairs. Terminal segments: Siphon short, with continuous mid-posterior row of setae; pecten usually extends along entire length of siphon; saddle complete, extending dorsally much further than ventrally.
Edwards 1941 (Afrotropics)
Rattanarithikul & Harrison et al. 2005 (Thailand)
Exemplar DNA sequences
Lt. allostigma COI:MF172338
Lt. tigripes COI: KU187026–30
Lt. halifaxii COI: KM609458
Larva of all Lutzia species are ferocious predators and obligate cannibals, acquiring all necessary energy stores for oogenesis as immatures. Immature habitats of species of the subgenus Metalutzia include temporary or permanent water bodies and natural or artificial containers, with the only apparent criteria being the presence of other mosquito larvae for food. Immatures of Lt. (Ilt.) shinonagai were collected in a tree hole.
Little is known on the bionomics of adult Lutzia, but at least Lt. (Lut.) allostigma and Lt. (Lut.) bigoti are autogenous. There are reports of female Lutzia attacking both domestic animals and, more rarely, people.
*Associated pathogens: This list reports bacteria, viruses, and parasites recovered from, or experimentally passed through this species, and does not imply field vector status.
IMPORTANT REFERENCES (full citations below)
Theobald 1903a: 155
Edwards 1932a: 190 (to subgenus of Culex)
Edwards 1941 (M, F, P; keys, taxonomy, as subgenus of Culex; Afrotropics)
Hopkins 1952 (L; taxonomy, as subgenus of Culex; Afrotropical Region)
Belkin 1962 (as subgenus of Culex; South Pacific)
Bram 1967b (as subgenus of Culex, Thailand)
Tanaka et al. 1979 (as subgenus of Culex, Japan)
Lee et al. 1989b (taxonomy, bionomics as subgenus of Culex; Australasian Region)
Miller et al. 1996 (molecular phylogeny)
Navarro & Liria 2000 (morphological phylogeny)
Liria & Navarro 2003b (taxonomy, class. L mouthparts)
Tanaka, 2003c: 159 (taxonomy, as genus; Japan)
Rattanarithikul & Harrison et al. 2005 (F, L; taxonomy, keys, bionomics; Thailand)
Deus 2009 (molecular phylogeny)
Vesgueiro et al. 2011 (molecular phylogeny)
Demari-Silva et al. 2011 (molecular phylogeny)
Harbach et al. 2012 (morphological phylogeny)
Kitching et al. 2015 (phylogeny; review of status)
Insulalutzia Tanaka [Ilt.]
Lutzia Tanaka [Lut.]
Metalutzia Theobald [Mlt.]
CURRENT GENERIC & SUBGENERIC SYNONYMS
syn. Jamesia Christophers 1906: 12 (not Jeckel 1861). Type species: Culex concolor Robineau-Desvoidy (Edwards 1932a: 190; as Culex fuscanus Wiedemann).
Belkin, J.N. (1962). The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae) (Vols. 1 &2). Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
Bram, R.A. (1967b). Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. II. The genus Culex in Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 2(1), 1–296.
Christophers, S.R. (1906). On the importance of larval characters in the classification of mosquitoes. Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India (Calcutta), New Series, 25, 1–18.
Demari-Silva, B., Vesgueiro, F.T., Sallum, M. A. M., & Marrelli, M.T. (2011). Taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships between species of the genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brazil inferred from the cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial gene. Journal of Medical Entomology, 48(2), 272–279.
Deus, S. (2009). Phylogeny of selected species of subgenus Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the U.S., Puerto Rico, and Guatemala, based on nucleotide sequences from three genes. (PhD), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
Edwards, F.W. (1932a). Diptera family Culicidae. In P. Wytsman (Ed.), Genera insectorum (194th Fascicule) (pp. 1–258). Brussels, Belgium: Louis Desmet-Verteneuil.
Edwards, F.W. (1941). Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. III. Culicine adults and pupae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology.
Harbach, R.E., Kitching, I.J., Culverwell, C.L., Dubois, J., & Linton, Y.-M. (2012). Phylogeny of mosquitoes of tribe Culicini (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological diversity. Zoologica Scripta, 41(5), 499–514.
Hopkins, G.H.E. (1952). Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region. I. Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae (2nd ed.). London, UK: British Museum (Natural History).
Kitching, I.J., Culverwell, C.L., & Harbach, R.E. (2015). The phylogenetic conundrum of Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae): A cautionary account of conflict and support. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 46(3), 269–290.
Lee, D.J., Hicks, M.M., Debenham, M.L., Griffiths, M., Bryan, J.H., & Marks, E.N. (1989a). The Culicidae of the Australasian region. Volume 8. Commonwealth Department of Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Monograph Series, 2.
Liria, J., & Navarro, J.-C. (2003b). Morphology of the larval mandible and maxilla in the subgenus Carrollia Lutz of Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 186(1), 1–8.
Miller, B. R., Crabtree, M. B., & Savage, H. M. (1996). Phylogeny of fourteen Culex mosquito species, including the Culex pipiens complex, inferred from the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Insect Molecular Biology, l5(2), 93–107.
Navarro, J.C., & Liria, J. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships among eighteen neotropical Culicini species. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 16(2), 75–85.
Rattanarithikul, R., Harrison, B.A., Panthusiri, P., & Coleman, R.E. (2005). Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand. I. Background; geographic distribution; lists of genera, subgenera, and species; and a key to the genera. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36(1), 1–80.
Tanaka, K. (2003c). Studies on the pupal mosquitoes of Japan. (9) Genus Lutzia, with establishment of two new subgenera, Metalutzia and Insulalutzia (Diptera, Culicidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 9(2), 159–169.
Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K., & Saugstad, E.S. (1979). A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, 1–987.
Theobald, F.V. (1903a). A monograph of the Culicidae of the World (Vol. 3). London: British Museum (Natural History). 359pp
Vesgueiro, F.T., Demari-Silva, B., dos Santos Malafronte, R., Sallum, M.A.M., & Marrelli, M.T. (2011). Intragenomic variation in the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA of species of the genera Culex and Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 106(1), 1–8.
CITE THIS PAGE
Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (Year). Lutzia genus page. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit Website, http://wrbu.si.edu/vectorspecies/genera/lutzia, accessed on [date (e.g. 03 February 2020) when you last viewed the site].
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