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A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2021; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is
Steen's (2018) Hintikka set properties for Church's type theory based on primitive equality are reduced to the Hintikka set properties of Brown (2007). ... Using this reduction, a model existence theorem for Steen's properties is derived. ... We thank an anonymous reviewer for very valuable feedback to this work (cf. footnote 1). ...arXiv:2004.07506v3 fatcat:czsfrf5lfbgzllkc2tzqzkhzxe
Sandu’s distinction between the so-called “standard” and “non- standard” interpretations of higher-order logic. ... What the authors do not note in this context is that, for Frege, classes are not sets in the sense of the iterative hierarchy of ZF set theory, which is the basis and assumed framework of Hintikka and ...
Another early but far-reaching contribution of Hintikka is the reduction of the theory of finite types (i.e., higher order logic) to a fragment of second order logic . ... With his Independence Friendly Logic , which is equivalent in expressive power to the existential fragment of second order logic, Hintikka came back to this reduction in the 90s. ...doi:10.1017/bsl.2015.35 fatcat:vwqjwmv4knfr5dzxkx7nm76pva
The second is a translation-based approach that makes use of HyLoTab , a tableaux-based theorem prover for hybrid logic under the standard relational interpretation. ... We compare the two methods, and note a number of directions for further work. ... The Hintikka sets on the board. The order in the list matters: the tail of the list is the latest Hintikka set added. ...doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.043 fatcat:nz7enhcnojbspioof6gqy2o2ym
One of the results given in the paper (at the top of page 1273) is a restatement of the well-known theorem of Hintikka concerning the ‘“‘reduction”’ of nth-order formulae to second-order ones [see J. ... All theorems announced in this paper are concerned with logical formulae of higher order. ...
Hintikka, Reductions in the theory of types, Acta Philos. Fenn, (1955) pp. 61-115. 5. A. Mostowski, On absolute properties of relations, J. Symb. Logic vol. 12 (1947) pp. 33-42. 6. A. ... On the other hand a formula in which all terms are of order at most one is set-persistent if and only if it is strongly standard increasing. ...
Hintikka, Reductions in the theory of types, Acta Philos. Fenn, (1955) pp. 61-115. 5. A. Mostowski, On absolute properties of relations, J. Symb. Logic vol. 12 (1947) pp. 33-42, 6. A. ... On the other hand a formula in which all terms are of order at most one is set-persistent if and only if it is strongly standard increasing. ...
Clearly, due to the different semantics in these logics, the construction of the automata for fuzzy DLs is more involved than for the classical case. ... The methods vary from deciding emptiness of automata on infinite trees to inclusions between automata on finite words. ... Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant BA 1122/17-1 (FuzzyDL) and within the Cluster of Excellence 'Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden ...doi:10.1016/j.fss.2015.07.013 fatcat:zepnuj6iazcvrndlaradjyafzy
We extend Andrews' notion of Hintikka sets to intuitionistic higher-order logic in a way that also defines tableau-provability for intuitionistic type theory. ... It is a matter of debate to what extent a syntactic proof of cut-elimination has ever been found for higher-order logic. ... Acknowledgements The authors wish to express a special debt to Chad Brown of Carnegie-Mellon University for pointing out certain pitfalls in the proof of cut-elimination, and correcting significant errors ...doi:10.1093/logcom/exi055 fatcat:chyc4ac5b5bh5n2ee4fw5rzchy
One of the major difficulties, left as a challenge, would be to formulate some truth conditions for this new paraconsistent first-order language in order to make IF logic and paraconsistent logic more ... I aim to discuss these, and other points posed by Hintikka, as challenges and opportunities for paraconsistentism, paraconsistent logics and IF logics, as well as to raise some criticisms on Hintikka's ... Expressing other concepts like infinity and equicardinality, which need higher-order logics, is also possible in IF logic. ...doi:10.5007/1808-1711.2009v13n3p283 fatcat:xiflhetswzeblesa6pbvjiidxq
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
We investigate cut-elimination and cut-simulation in impredicative (higher-order) logics. ... This calls for the development of calculi where these principles are built-in instead of being treated axiomatically. ... Higher-Order Logic In we have re-examined the semantics of classical higher-order logic with the purpose of clarifying the role of extensionality. ...doi:10.1007/11814771_20 fatcat:kb6ptighknclllcgoqnlojxpoq
History of Logic vs. History of Mathematics. Jaakko Hintikka. 032012 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY ... Acknowledgements This paper was written when Jaakko Hintkkka was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow of the Collegium for Advanced Studies of the University of Helsinki. ... to be as a separate set-theoretical or higher-order axiom. ...doi:10.1007/s11787-012-0065-6 fatcat:7egblszkrjg7lmnutjlz2igfqu
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
For finite subspaces of the real line (and higher dimensional Euclidean spaces) we prove the undecidability of satisfiability by a reduction of the solvability problem for Diophantine equations. ... In particular, using a reduction to the emptiness problem for certain tree automata, we show that the satisfiability problem for this logic is ExpTime-complete for the classes of all finite symmetric and ... The work on this paper was partially supported by the U.K. EPSRC research grants GR/S61966/01 and GR/S61973/01. ...doi:10.1007/11591191_45 fatcat:hjn4pwlroffbjo2jyluhmd7zqe
Epistemic logic has become a major field of philosophical logic ever since the groundbreaking work by Hintikka (1962). ... We survey our recent line of work on the epistemic logics of "knowing whether", "knowing what" and "knowing how" to demonstrate the use of this new approach. ... The author is grateful to Hans van Ditmarsch for his very detailed comments on an early version of this paper. ...arXiv:1605.01995v3 fatcat:n2vpwbpkafflxfzkjwl7lnaqzm
Whereas tableau-based algorithms usually yield worst-case optimal algorithms in the case of PSpace-complete logics, it is often very hard to design optimal tableau-based algorithms for ExpTime-complete ... In the present paper, we formulate conditions under which an on-the-fly construction of such an exponentially large automaton can be used to obtain a PSpace-algorithm. ... For our reduction this implies that the automaton we construct for a given input C, T does not actually accept the Hintikka trees for C, T . ...dblp:conf/dlog/BaaderHP07 fatcat:vio7t4nuhfenjjiw5nb3zeohki
« Previous Showing results 1 — 15 out of 611 results
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https://scholar.archive.org/search?q=On+Reductions+of+Hintikka+Sets+for+Higher-Order+Logic.
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It is not a novelty that the traffic in the U.S. has worsened because of a growth in car sales and a rising American economy. This has led to a negative impact of personal and financial nature for drivers and roads, generic both.
The 2015 Urban Mobility Scorecard, sale which was released by the INRIX, capsule traffic information and driver services provider and by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), stated that drivers waste around 7 billion extra hours, which means 42 hours every year per commuter stuck in traffic jams and that they burned over 3 billion gallons of fuel just by sitting on overcrowded streets last year.
The fuel wasted sums up to a massive $160 billion, which means $960 per commuter. Back in 1982, INRIX said that the average traffic per consumer was of 18 hours with 0.5 billion of fuel wasted, standing for $42 billion.
In the top 10 cities in the U.S. with the worst traffic jams, Washington D.C. takes the lead, where commuters suffered an average of 82 hours of highway delay in 2014, followed by Los Angeles at a close second of 80 hours. The third position goes to San Francisco, where motorists spend an average of 78 hours stuck in traffic jams. Out of the top 3 worst cities with traffic jams, New York takes the 4th spot as New Yorkers spent last year 74 hours of their “could have been vacation” time in traffic.
San Jose is at number 5 with 67 hours per commuter, followed by Boston with 64 hours wasted in traffic by drivers. Seattle takes the 7th position with 63 hours, and then Chicago (61) is at a tie with Houston (61), while the last position in the list of cities with worst traffic jams is filled by Riverside-San Bernadino, California (59).
By Gabriela Florea
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Tomorrow is National Leiomyosarcoma Day — or it will be if enough people petition Congress to put it on the calendar. The hope is that a nationally recognized day will raise awareness of this very rare and very aggressive form of cancer. If you're like most of the public, many doctors, and me (until recently) you've never heard of LMS, a soft-muscle tissue cancer that comprises about 4 in every million cancer cases and for which there is no real cure. LMS can strike in any part of the body, and at any age, though uterine LMS is most often diagnosed post menopause, when a woman is in her early 50s, as it was for my beloved family member.
And when LMS strikes in the soft muscle tissue of the uterus, it often can be confused at first with benign fibroids, which many women have but which usually fade around menopause. According to the Sarcoma Foundation of America, one to five out of every 1000 women with fibroids may develop LMS. This translates to 6 out of every million women who will be diagnosed with LMS annually in the US.
And like many uterine cancers, the warning signs can be subtle or even nonexistent — post-menopausal bleeding, pelvic or abdominal pain, unusual vaginal discharge, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
Not much is known about LMS. There's no screening test, and it doesn't make the headlines very often. But if you know someone who is battling it, as I am, you know how devastating and aggressive this form for cancer can be. I hope that in the future more research dollars will be spent on finding a cure for LMS and other uterine cancers. For now, I send positive thoughts to my family member and those others with the disease. I hope you will too.
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Countries are working both independently, and together to establish achievable ways to reduce and/or off-set carbon emissions. Wales is actively engaged in this agenda, being the first country to declare a Climate Emergency in April 2019, and Welsh Government launched its Net Zero Wales Plan on 28 October 2021.
While most appreciate all this as welcome news, it is very easy to be overwhelmed by the stats, figures, and targets, especially if one is not actively involved in the field. It can be even more difficult to tease out the details for a small nation like Wales, which is often lumped in with the UK in general reporting.
With this in mind, we compiled A Decarbonisation Handbook for Wales as part of our Infuse programme. Supported by the European Social Fund through the Welsh Government, we are collaborating with Nesta, Monmouthshire County Council, Cardiff Capital Region City Deal Office (CCR) and the ten local authorities to tackle real-life questions, driven by the biggest challenges faced by the region. The Decarbonisation Handbook was written to help Officers from the local authorities and the wider public sector, better understand the landscape, and support innovative problem solving.
In addition to outlining the goals of the Paris Agreement, it explains the baseline emissions for the UK and Wales, breaks down how various sectors contribute to the carbon dioxide creation, and outlines which policy areas fully or partially devolved to Welsh Government. It brings together information from key official reports, legislative frameworks, and scientific literature to create an accessible introduction for all. The handbook offers a starting point, outlining key points and directing readers to key reports for further reading.
The handbook is a living document, and we welcome feedback, especially in light of Welsh Governments Net Zero Wales Plan and COP26.
click on image to read online, or download PDF below.
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She could have said no you know, this young innocent girl. She had plans for her life, to be married, have children. But God….but God had better plans. She would be the mother of our Savior, her Savior.
And how can we not stand in awe of how Mary responded to the news from God’s messenger, the angel Gabriel. After Gabriel announced God’s plan for Mary’s life, she listened in silence and then ask one question.
Then said Mary unto the angel, How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?
Only one question, no panic, no excuses, no what will people say, will Joseph still marry me, will my life be in danger? Just one question, How? How will this be?
And the angel reassured her of God’s greatness. Luke 1:37–For with God nothing shall be impossible.
Luke 1:38–And Mary said, Behold the handmaid of the Lord; be it unto me according to thy word.
And Mary turned her fear into faith, her faith into obedience, and became a great servant for God.
A few years ago while working at Samaritan’s Purse at the Operation Christmas Child Shoebox Center a lady named Joanna was there. There volunteering her time at my table. Eighty-eight years young, a retired English teacher from Tennessee. I ask if she would like to take a break after a few hours and she replied, ‘No honey. I just want to work. It is such a blessing to be here’.
There was this thing that happened on the Sabbath. Reading my Bible in the early morning and some journal notes from months past and I turned to the book of 2 Corinthians, Chapter 4–Verse 3, “But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost.”
Our pastor, he stands with a smile and welcomes us to Sunday morning worship and says, if you have your Bibles turn with me to 2 Corinthians, Chapter 4–Verse 3.
And there it was again, but this time on the big screen in front of my watery eyes and our pastor reads, “But if our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost.”
And there was Mary and Joanna, serving. Their gospels shining with the brightest of lights.
How can we be a gift this Christmas…
We shine our lights brightly by serving others
We shine our lights so others can see Christ
No man, when he hath lighted a candle, putteth it in a secret place, neither under a bushel, but on a candlestick, that they which come in may see the light. Luke 11:33
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The attempt to land the Philae space probe on a comet is "the most difficult landing in space history" experts have said.
The landing - which is currently in progress - is the culmination of a ten-year, six billion kilometer journey by the Rosetta space craft.
If successful it could lead to important new insights into what comets are made of, how they were created and what role - if any - they may have played in creating the oceans (and life) here on Earth.
But it is by no means a sure thing that the landing will even take place - even as the hours tick down to the supposed launch.
Dr Matthew Genge, senior lecturer in Earth and planetary science at Imperial College London, said: "If today's landing goes well, Rosetta will tell us if comets made our planet blue by providing the oceans.
"[But] This is the most difficult landing in space history, like landing a balloon in a city centre on a windy day with your eyes closed.
Genge said that the landing could prove to be a transformative moment in space history - but that its fate comes down to "the final few seconds".
"Did comets deliver the building blocks of living things and start life on Earth? We may soon know with the help of Rosetta," he said.
"Some scientists have spent 20 years working on this mission. The fate of all that work lies in the final few seconds of touch down."
The chosen landing site, named Agilka after an island in the Nile, was the least hazardous of five possible candidates. The whole of the comet is covered in deep pits, towering cliffs and peaks, craters and boulders - some the size of houses.
Philae is equipped with cameras, a suite of 10 instruments, and a drill that can bore out samples to a depth of 23cm.
One British-led instrument, Ptolemy, will be used to analyse the composition of samples in the craft's on-board laboratory.
The lander is designed to collect data for just two-and-a-half days, but Rosetta will remain with the comet as it flies past the Sun and heats up, approaching as close as 118 million miles.
Scientists hope the £1 billion mission will yield valuable information about the origin of the Solar System, the Earth, and possibly life.
Comets bombarded the Earth early in its history, helping to fill the seas with water and depositing complex organic chemicals which may have contributed to the birth of living things.
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Last week’s attack on the U.S. Capitol was the culmination of a four-year assault on our democracy by Donald Trump and his allies.
Leading up to the election, we saw the enactment of rules and laws intended to prevent people from voting in a pandemic, as well as an unprecedented effort to disenfranchise voters in court.
After the election, we saw Trump and his allies file more than 60 failed lawsuits aimed at thwarting the will of the electorate. We witnessed Trump attempting to exploit weaknesses in the post-election certification process and coerce state and local officials.
Even after right-wing extremists tried to tear into the heart of American government, many House and Senate GOP members continued their cynical charade to cast doubt on the 2020 election results.
They failed, but in doing so deeply damaged our country and showed the weakened state of our democratic institutions.
As we head toward Jan. 20, many are asking: how do we harness the power of unified control of government and the progressive community to ensure that we never find ourselves in this position again?
Democracy Docket will help center the conversation by serving as a platform for bold, new reform ideas and encouraging civic participation to pursue the healing and strengthening of democracy.
That is why we are launching our new “Democracy Agenda.” The goal of the agenda is to solicit, propose and amplify voting reforms that will allow the Biden-Harris Administration, Congress, state legislatures and progressive organizations to protect and expand the right to vote, ensure fair districting and restore democratic values.
Following Inauguration Day, we will set Democracy Agenda in motion through our “100 Days of Democracy” campaign.
In short, we are committed to restoring and expanding democracy to help form a more perfect union.
We hope you will join us and offer your own ideas about what should be included in the new Democracy Agenda.
What Do You Want to See on the Democracy Agenda?
Tell us what you’re hoping to see on the 2021 Democracy Agenda!
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Advanced GDI Graphics
As I've mentioned, GDI is horribly slow when compared to DirectX. However, GDI is good at everything and it's the native rendering engine for Windows itself. This means if you create any tools or standard GUI applications, knowing your way around GDI is an asset. Moreover, knowing how to mix GDI and DirectX is a way to leverage the power of GDI's functionality to emulate functions you haven't completed in your DirectX programming. Hence, GDI has utility as a slow software emulation for functions you might write down the road in your game design. Bottom line—you need to know it.
What I'm going to do now is cover a few basic GDI operations. You can always learn more by perusing the Win32 SDK, but the basic skill set you'll learn here will more than prepare you for figuring out any GDI function. It's like Comdex—if you've seen one, you've seen them all.
Under the Hood with the Graphics Device Context
In Chapter 3, "Advanced Windows Programming," you saw the type handle to device context, or HDC, a number of times. This of course is the data type that represents a handle to a device context. In our case, the device context has been a graphics device context type, but there are others like printer contexts. Anyway, you might be wondering what exactly a graphics device context is? What does it really mean? Both are good questions.
A graphics device context is really a description of the video graphics card installed in your system. Therefore, when you have access to a graphics device context or handle this really means that stuffed away somewhere is an actual description of the video card in your system and its resolution and color capabilities. This information is needed for any graphics call you might make to GDI. In essence, the HDC handle you supply to any GDI function is used to reference whatever important information about your video system that a function needs to operate with. And that's why you need a graphics device context.
Furthermore, the graphics device context tracks software settings that you may change throughout the life of your program. For example, GDI uses a number of graphics objects such as pens, brushes, line styles, and more. These basic data descriptions are used by GDI to draw any graphics primitives that you may request. Therefore, even though the current pen color is something that you might set and isn't intrinsic to your video card, the graphics device context still tracks it. In this way, the graphics device context is not only a hardware description of your video system, but a repository of information that records your settings and stores them for you, so that the GDI calls you make can use those settings rather than explicitly sending them along with the call. This way you can save a lot of parameters for GDI calls. With that in mind, let's take a look at how to render graphics with GDI.
Color, Pens, and Brushes
If you think about it, there aren't that many types of objects that you can draw on a computer screen. Sure, there are an unlimited number of shapes and colors you can draw them with, but the types of objects are very limited. There are points, lines, and polygons. Everything else is really a combination of these types of primitive objects.
The approach that GDI takes is something like that of a painter. A painter paints pictures with colors, pens, and brushes—work with me on this <BG>. GDI works in the same manner, with the following definitions:
Before we get into pens and brushes and actually using them, I want to take a minute to look at the situation. GDI likes to use only one pen, and one brush at a time. Sure, you can have many pens and brushes at your disposal, but only one of each is active in the current graphics device context. This means that you must "select objects" into the graphics device context to use them.
Remember, the graphics device context is not only a description of the video card and its services, but a description of the current drawing tools. Pens and brushes are primary examples of tools that the context tracks and that you must select in and out of the graphics context. This process is called selection. As your program runs, you'll select in a new pen and then select it out later, and maybe select in and out different brushes and so on. The thing to remember is that once a drawing object is selected into the context it's used until it is changed.
Finally, whenever you create a new pen or brush, you must delete it when you're done. This is important because Windows GDI has only so many slots for pen and brush handles and you could run out! But we'll get to that in a minute. Okay, so let's cover pens first, and then brushes.
Working with Pens
HPEN pen_1 = NULL;
pen_1 is just a handle to a pen, but pen_1 hasn't been filled in or defined yet with the desired information. This operation is accomplished in one of two ways:
Remember, stock objects, or stock anything, are just objects that Windows has a few default types for to get you started. In the case of pens, there are a couple of pen types already defined, but they are very limited. You can use the GetStockObject() function shown in the following line to retrieve a number of different object handles, including pen handles, brushes, and fonts.
HGDIOBJ GetStockObject(int fnObject); // type of stock object
The function simply takes the type of stock object you desire and returns a handle to it. The types of pens that are pre-defined stock objects are shown in Table 4.1.
As you can see from Table 4.1, there aren't a whole lot of pens to select from (that's a little GDI humor—get it?). Anyway, here's an example of how you would create a white pen:
HPEN white_pen = NULL; white_pen = GetStockObject(WHITE_PEN);
Of course, GDI knows nothing about white_pen because it hasn't been selected into the graphics device context, but we're getting there.
A more interesting method of creating pens is to create them yourself by defining their color, line style, and width in pixels. The function used to create a pen is called CreatePen() and is shown here:
HPEN CreatePen(int fnPenStyle, // style of the pen int nWidth, // width of pen in pixels COLORREF crColor); // color of pen
The nWidth and crColor parameters are easy enough to understand, but the fnPenStyle needs a little explanation.
In most cases you probably want to draw solid lines, but in some cases you might need a dashed line to represent something in a charting program. You could draw a number of lines all separated by a little space to make a dashed line, but why not let GDI do it for you? The line style facilitates this functionality. GDI logically ANDs or masks a line style filter as it's rendering lines. This way, you can draw lines that are composed of dots and dashes, or solid pixels, or whatever one-dimensional entity you want. Table 4.2 contains the valid line styles that you can choose from.
// the red pen, notice the use of the RGB macro HPEN red_pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(255,0,0)); // the green pen, notice the use of the RGB macro HPEN green_pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0,255,0)); // the blue pen, notice the use of the RGB macro HPEN blue_pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0,0,255));
And let's also make a white dashed pen:
HPEN white_dashed_pen = CreatePen(PS_DASHED, 1, RGB(255,255,255));
Simple enough? Now, that we have a little to work with, let's take a look at how to select pens into the graphics device context. We still don't know how to draw anything, but now is a good time to see the concept.
HGDIOBJ SelectObject(HDC hdc, // handle of device context HGDIOBJ hgdiobj); // handle of object
SelectObject() takes the handle to the graphics context along with the object to be selected. Notice that SelectObject() is polymorphic, meaning that it can take many different handle types. The reason for this is that all handles to graphics objects are also subclasses of the data type HGDIOBJs (handles to GDI objects), so everything works out. Also, the function returns the current handle of the object you are de-selecting from the context. In other words, if you select a new pen into the context, obviously you must select the old one out. Therefore, you can save the old handle and restore it later if you wish. Here's an example of selecting a pen into the context and saving the old one:
HDC hdc; // the graphics context, assume valid // create the blue HPEN blue_pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0,0,255)); HPEN old_pen = NULL; // used to store old pen // select the blue pen in and save the old pen old_pen = SelectObject(hdc, blue_pen); // do drawing... // restore the old pen SelectObject(hdc, old_pen);
And then finally, when you are done with pens that you have created either with GetStockObject() or CreatePen(), you must destroy them. This is accomplished with DeleteObject(), which, similar to SelectObject(), is polymorphic and can delete many object types. Here's its prototype:
BOOL DeleteObject(HGDIOBJ hObject); // handle to graphic object
Be careful when you destroy pens. If you delete an object that is currently selected or try to select an object that is currently deleted chances are you will cause an error and possibly a GP Fault.
I haven't been doing too much error checking, but obviously this is an issue. In a real program, you should always check the return type of your function calls to see if they are successful; otherwise, there could be trouble.
The next question is when to actually call DeleteObject() on graphics objects. Typically, you will do this at the end of the program. However, if you create hundreds of objects, use them, and won't use them for the remainder of the program, you should delete them then and there. This is because Windows GDI only has limited resources. As an example, here's how to release and destroy the group of pens we created in the earlier example:
DeleteObject(red_pen); DeleteObject(green_pen); DeleteObject(blue_pen); DeleteObject(white_dashed_pen);
Try not to delete objects you have already deleted. It can cause unpredictable results.
Painting with Brushes
Let's talk more about brushes. Brushes are similar to pens in most ways except how they look. Brushes are used to fill in graphic objects, whereas pens are used to outline objects or draw simple lines. However, all the same principles are in flux. The handle to a brush is called an HBRUSH. And to define a blank brush object you would do something like:
HBRUSH brush_1 = NULL;
To actually make the brush look like something, you can either use a stock brush type from Table 4.1 via GetStockObject() or define one yourself. For example, here's how to create a light gray stock brush:
brush_1 = GetStockObject(LTGRAY_BRUSH);
Bam, baby! Too easy, huh? To create more interesting brushes you can select the fill pattern type and color just as you can for pens. Unfortunately GDI broke brushes up into two classes: solid and hatched. I think this is stupid—GDI should allow all brushes to be hatched and then simply have a solid type, but whatever! The function to create a solid fill brush is called CreateSolidBrush() and is shown here:
HBRUSH CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF crColor); // brush color
To create a green solid brush all you have to do is this:
HBRUSH green_brush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,255,0));
HBRUSH old_brush = NULL; old_brush = SelectObject(hdc, green_brush); // draw something with brush // restore old brush SelectObject(hdc, old_brush);
HBRUSH CreateHatchBrush(int fnStyle, // hatch style COLORREF clrref); // color value
The style of the brush can be one of the values listed in Table 4.3.
HBRUSH red_hbrush = CreateHatchBrush(HS_CROSS, RGB(255,0,0));
Select it into the device context:
HBRUSH old_brush = SelectObject(hdc, red_hbrush);
Finally, restore the old brush and delete the red brush we created:
SelectObject(hdc, old_brush); DeleteObject(red_hbrush);
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.yaldex.com/games-programming/0672323699_ch04lev1sec1.html
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Gender and risk of HIV in Ghana and Uganda
Sheppard, Zoe, Madise, Nyovani and Hennink, Monique (2001) Gender and risk of HIV in Ghana and Uganda. Southampton, UK, Southampton University (Opportunities and Choices).
Full text not available from this repository.
Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for Ghana and Uganda, this
study examines the gender differentials in perceptions of HIV risk in the two countries, which
have been hit by the HIV epidemic in a different way, as in Ghana the epidemic has just
started. It identifies factors associated with high or low risk of HIV infection by using logistic
regression methodology. Principal findings include strong gender differentials in perceptions
of risk, especially in Uganda; women felt at greater risk of HIV infection than men. In
addition, strong power relationships exist as women felt at risk of HIV infection because of
their partner’s sexual behaviour, whereas the men’s risk perception was related to their own
behaviour. This illustrates the subordinate position of women within sexual relationships as
well as the need to empower women to enable them to negotiate safe-sex strategies.
Individual, knowledge exposure and sexual exposure factors were highly associated with
perception of risk in Uganda whereas individual background characteristics were more
influential in Ghana. As the HIV epidemic develops in Ghana, similar associations and
gender differentials may become apparent as in Uganda.
|Item Type:||Monograph (Working Paper)|
|Subjects:||H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races
R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine
|Divisions :||University Structure - Pre August 2011 > School of Social Sciences > Social Statistics
|Accepted Date and Publication Date:||
|Date Deposited:||18 May 2006|
|Last Modified:||31 Mar 2016 12:01|
|RDF:||RDF+N-Triples, RDF+N3, RDF+XML, Browse.|
Actions (login required)
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/34259/
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The evaluation of myocarditis comprises a detailed history, including recent exposures, medications, any recent medication changes, and any allergies or asthma; a thorough physical examination; and laboratory studies, with basic blood tests, a complete blood cell count with differential, a comprehensive metabolic panel, cardiac biomarkers, and inflammatory markers. Cardiac imaging with TTE and cardiac MRI should be considered. Additionally, reactive causes of eosinophilia should be assessed. A definitive diagnosis is made through endomyocardial biopsy, although the sensitivity of the test is estimated at 50%, given the variable, sometimes focal nature of the disease.
Upon histology, a characteristic pattern consists of mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates with a variable number of eosinophils within the myocardium. Unlike the hypersensitivity forms of eosinophilic myocarditis, hypereosinophilic syndromes are commonly associated with myocyte necrosis.
The patient in this case presented with nonspecific symptoms that have a broad differential diagnosis, along with vague cardiac symptoms. His initially elevated temperatures raised suspicion for a possible infectious etiology. His physical examination, other than demonstrating an ill patient, provided no evidence of a possible source of infection. In the laboratory evaluation, his complete blood cell count was concerning, with a very elevated WBC count and a mildly decreased platelet count. His blood count differential was abnormal, with a significantly elevated percentage of eosinophils. Although increased peripheral eosinophilia can be due to multiple etiologies, the possible consequences of this finding must be considered. Markers such as the ESR and C-reactive protein level can be nonspecific; however, when elevated, they raise suspicion for an underlying inflammatory or malignant process.
The abnormal, elevated troponin cardiac biomarker, in addition to the ECG changes, indicated cardiac involvement in this patient, whether primary or secondary. The TTE was largely within normal limits. Although it was reassuring that no structural heart disease was found to explain his symptoms, the patient's presentation warranted ischemic evaluation with invasive coronary angiography. Results of the coronary angiogram, which showed no coronary artery disease, led to consideration of non-ischemic causes of the elevated troponin levels and ECG changes. The cardiac MRI scan was the next best step to evaluate the myocardium. Tissue characterization demonstrated large subendocardial and mid-myocardial areas of delayed enhancement, most prominent in the LV apex, in a pattern that suggested eosinophilic myocarditis or endomyocardial fibrosis. The imaging results were also suggestive of an LV apical thrombus, owing to the high (long) inversion recovery pulse sequence. This prompted a repeat TTE, which revealed abnormal layering echo density in the LV apex, confirming the presence of a thrombus.
Concurrent with the cardiac workup, an infectious disease workup was performed. Blood cultures and tests for acute viral illnesses were negative. The multiple blood cell line abnormalities prompted evaluation of the bone marrow with biopsy, which revealed the underlying etiology of this patient's eosinophilic myocarditis. The biopsy demonstrated increased blast cells and immunophenotypic findings that raised concern for acute leukemia with eosinophilia.
The differential diagnosis for this patient included other types of myocarditis, such as giant cell, viral, and hypersensitivity. Giant cell myocarditis is usually a rapidly progressive disease, in which the initial presentation is most commonly biventricular failure and ventricular tachycardia. An endomyocardial biopsy is the criterion standard for diagnosis. Viral myocarditis was ruled out in this patient, given the negative results on multiple viral studies and the higher likelihood of an eosinophilic etiology owing to his peripheral blood count abnormalities and underlying hematologic cancer. Hypersensitivity myocarditis is a subtype of eosinophilic myocarditis, which is associated with peripheral eosinophilia and is usually accompanied by an acute rash and fever. Most cases of hypersensitivity myocarditis have a temporal relation to recent initiation of a medication.
In this case, the patient's condition was stable upon presentation and he had not started any new medications before the onset of his symptoms, making giant cell and hypersensitivity myocarditis less likely. Although he did not undergo an endomyocardial biopsy, results from this procedure might have provided further evidence to differentiate his clinical condition from the others in the differential diagnosis.
Medscape © 2022 WebMD, LLC
Any views expressed above are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect the views of WebMD or Medscape.
Cite this: Priyanka Ghosh, Saurabh Sharma. Cardio Case Challenge: A Confused 35-Year-Old With Headache, Fever, and Sore Chest - Medscape - Jun 01, 2022.
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The end-of-year reports emanating from various Home Departments of the States affected by the Maoist rebellion indicates that the downtrend in violence, as seen during the preceding year, continues. Even if marred by the ambush at the Darbha Ghati (Valley) on the Chhattisgarh-Odisha Border on 25 May 2013, this is a hopeful sign. After all, de-escalatory trends in acts of anti-state insurrection offers the first hint of situational de-conflagration. If handled with sagaciously articulated strategy of hard and soft power, it paves the way for establishment of an environment of peace and stability in which the people may seek amelioration of their grievances, while the government may respond with due alacrity.
Signs, however, could also be misleading, particularly when these point towards what one optimistically wants to believe. Therefore, it would be wise to rely on first-hand ground survey of the situation while strategising for the coming phase of Counter-Maoist initiatives. This report is an attempt towards that end.
Build-up of State Capabilities
It was some time in the Year 2010, when pitted against vicious Maoist onslaught, the policy-makers had to turn their illusionary rhetoric into serious intent. Thus from the time the State Governments came around to accede to the Union Government’s counter-rebellion strategy, haltingly but inexorably, the state apparatus is being strengthened in grappling with the Maoist menace. Even if fraught with glaring slippages, leakages and inefficiency, the build up of the state’s internal security capability has been going up since then.
Build-up of Security Infrastructure
In enhancement of armed capability for the police forces, the elaborate schemes for expansion, training and modernisation continue to be exasperatingly slow in coming. The seven year old ‘Scheme for Fortified Police Stations’, which was necessitated by Maoists’ frequent mass-attacks and loot of weapons, and the public outcry against massacre of their own policemen-folks, proceeds at a languid pace, the constructions inspiring confidence neither in technical nor tactical terms. Between the threats of looming attacks, the commitment to reconstruct 400 of what are but ruins of British era police stations seems to be waxing and waning. As a result, the project has not crossed the half way stage; where construction has been executed, there remain parts left incomplete.
Security infrastructure is also being build-up under the Union Government aided ‘Security Related Expenditure’ and ‘Special Infrastructure Scheme’. The first one caters to expenditure on enhancement of administrative wherewithal, surrender and rehabilitation of rebels, formation of Village Defence Committees, community policing, publicity and motivation, and information gathering; while the second head funds security specific road building, preparation of camping grounds for police details in distant areas, construction of secure policing outposts in vulnerable locations, helipads, communication facilities etc. Progress of project implementation is however very slow, the reasons being as follows:-
a. There is an average time lag of two to three years between a political statement and commencement of the scheme at the point of execution. This lag is on account of budgetary tricks which the government must resort to in funding these schemes through re-prioritisation and re-appropriation from a budget that is already overburdened by the game of voter appeasement. Due to intermittent release of funds, it may take another two to three years before the schemes gather moderate pace, that is, if not diverted or relegated in favour of new expediencies.
b. The government departments, besides being culturally inefficient and unscrupulously corrupt, do not even have the necessary wherewithal to execute works across isolated areas with due fiscal and technical prudence. Public projects are viewed as licence to distribute what may be described as ‘percentage cuts’, compromise construction specifications and enrich politicians, contractors, state functionaries and cronies, even the intended beneficiaries of the works are weaned away from complaining.
These ingrained debilitations are unlikely to go away anytime soon.
Build-up of Police Forces
While recruitment to fill up existing vacancies in State police ranks goes on, new raisings of specialised counter-insurgency forces have been undertaken at the State as well as Central level. State Governments have thus raised between two to four such specialist battalions manned by ex-servicemen, though the manner of their employment and control remains somewhat misdirected. Among the Central Armed Police forces (CAPF), the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has raised ten specialist battalions, referred to as the ‘Commando Battalion for Resolute Action’ (CoBRA) and recently renamed as the ‘Special Action Force’. Fit and well trained, these units have been deployed effectively. The concept of ‘India Reserve Battalions’ (IRB), manned by local levies, has been extended to raise 46 units in the nine affected States. Thirty three of these have been raised; some of these have even been designated as ‘specialist’ IRBs; the renaming appears to be aimed at finding higher emoluments rather than obtaining robust counter-insurgency ability.
The overall level of training, motivation and equipment of the police forces remains little more than basic. Training establishments being limited, training of recruits as well as serving policemen pose the biggest hurdle. Though 12 Counter-Insurgency & Counter-Terrorism Schools (CICTS) out of 15 sanctioned in various States have been raised, actually these are just add-ons to the existing State armed police battalion lines. Obviously, the training facilities are woefully inadequate in terms of quality as well as quantity. While announcing the intended measures to control the rebellion, realisation that it takes three years or so before a policeman may be considered to be adequately trained in counter-insurgency role, seems to be overlooked.
Issues which require attention in this regard are as follows:-
a. Recruitment drives in the States have been prone to malpractices and mired in party and caste manipulations. Thus scams, enquiries and court cases have put paid to the process.
b. Disconcertingly, it is found that there is a dearth of recruitable candidates, either on account of poor education or opportunistic mentality. The quality of policemen that these would make, is therefore questionable.
c. Establishment of regular CICT Schools is affected due to lack of competent trainers and hurdles, real or invented, posed against allotment of land.
The drive for police modernisation, funded under the ‘Scheme for Modernisation of State Police Forces’ has started to bear fruition. Protective and communication equipment, transport, vision devices, search equipment and light weaponry of modern variety are being procured at a brisk pace. Thus, even after diversion of these items to serve the multitude of VIPs, much of these are becoming available to the policemen deployed on ground. Quality control and in-service maintenance of these stocks however remains a major problem. Unless attended to with due alacrity, this deficiency would affect forces’ efficiency, besides leading to fiscal wastage.
Execution of Civic Schemes
The Integrated Action Plan (IAP), that is devised by the Planning Commission to ameliorate the root causes of people’s alignment with the Maoists, is sustained by nearly a dozen schemes. These schemes are mostly funded conjointly by the States and the Centre. Thus the nation-wide schemes – the ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act’ (MGNERGA), ‘Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana’ (PMGSY), ‘National Rural Health Mission’ (NRHM), ‘Ashram Schools’, ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ (SSA), ‘National Rural Drinking Water Programme’ (NRDWP), ‘Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana’ (RGGVY), ‘Integrated Child Development Services’ (ICDS) and the ‘ Indira Awaas Yojana’ (IAY) - are being reinforced in 82 Maoist affected districts. Meanwhile, a ‘Road Requirement Plan – Part I’ (RRP-I) to develop access roads to the interiors of 34 worst Maoist affected districts is also under planning and pilot-execution stage.
Most of the above listed schemes remain at a nascent stage of implementation. The stumbling blocks are, as discussed earlier, the weak executive mechanism and erratic schedule of funding. Yet, the mere hint of development, combined with the prospects of managing individual and group benefits, has infused a remarkable degree of enthusiasm among the people; even the rebel cadres are attracted, much to the chagrin of Maoist ideologues. The ‘Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006’ has come to the point of reckoning in the local matters. Provisions of this Act, in conjunction with the food programmes for the poor which have been sponsored by almost all the States and the recently promulgated ‘National Food Security Act, 2013’, has caused the Maoist cause to be further marginalised. Maoists hope that this popular distraction from their cause is but temporary and soon the failure of what they claim to be a “morally degenerated and corrupt governing system” would strengthen the rebellion with increased vigour.
The Maoist’s Fare
The preceding years have not been particularly good for the Maoists. The problems they face may be summarised as follows:-
a. They have lost many of their iconic leaders, replacements against which have been found wanting in terms of skills and competence if not commitment to the cause.
b. They have grown to the limit of their fiscal sustainability. Therefore, to strengthen and up-stage the rebellion, they have to find additional sources of funds. Contrarily, with economic slowdown and rising pitch against ecological and social exploitation of natural assets, of which the Maoists themselves have been the leading crusaders, their ‘collections’ have been compromised. The endeavour to generate more funds has suffered a setback.
c. Their best efforts to strengthen influence over urban centres has failed to bear tangible fruition. Due to this failure, wider catchment for fund generation, manipulative propaganda and escalation to higher level of insurgency has stagnated.
d. Vulnerable posts and armouries having been either fortified or withdrawn, and forces better equipped, it is no more easy for the Maoists to attack police posts and loot weapons. Similarly, with infusion of some measures to control illegal trade of weapons and explosives, the free run of the rebels has been somewhat curtailed.
e. Maoists realise that it is a matter of time before the state gears up to stand up to their intransigence. It is therefore imperative for them to build up their armed strength to be able to confront a better prepared police force, and at the same time, sabotage the government’s efforts to engage with people through civic action. This they have to do without being branded as obstructionists in the eyes of the people and thus antagonising their supportive constituency.
The aforementioned situation has caused the Maoist rebels to take a preparatory pause – barring opportunistic strikes to keep the threat alive – and focus on building up for the imminent confrontation with the state. The thrust therefore is on looking out for collaboration with radical groups of the North-East and the West Coast, and invigorating the dormant cells among North India’s university students, faculties and urban societies. Interlocutors have also been trying to procure weapons and equipment through the North-Eastern conduits - with unknown degree of success.
Meanwhile, the build-up of the ‘People’s Liberation Guerrilla Army’ (PLGA) as well as the ‘People’s Militia’ proceeds undisturbed in deep jungles. Maoists continue to ‘govern’ their ‘liberated zones’ and continue to carry on with extortion, punishment, recruitment etc in areas under their ‘control’. Acting smart of late, they have hijacked the mantle of ‘monitoring’ or even remodelling the government’s development schemes to suit their or their local sympathiser’s preferences - diktats that the state’s executives would defy at their peril. ‘Safe areas’, where no incidents are to be perpetrated so as to avoid state’s reaction, have been designated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, from where the rebellion is directed.
The Political Scene
Of late, Maoist rebellion has assumed the character of a profitable industry in which apart from the hard core rebels, there are beneficiaries of various hues. These beneficiaries range from part-time or pretending Maoist extortionists, profiteering traders, illegal miners, unlicensed transporters, shaming contractors and corrupt officials, who are in informal league with each other as they are with many of the Maoist leaders. As for the common man, he has little to lose; on the other hand he is relieved from the clutches of the arrogant and demanding revenue and police functionaries. At the ground level, no one seems to be complaining. Politics having become a game of voter appeasement, it would therefore be interesting to touch upon the attitude displayed by the State level political leaders with regard to the challenge of Maoist intransigence.
All the State Governments, particularly those of the six most Maoist affected Sates – Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal and Maharashtra - exude confident demeanour of being competent to tackle the situation. They firmly believe that they, rather than the distant functionaries of the Central Government, understand the situation the best. Alive to the socio-economic dimensions of the rebellion, they profess that the entrenched causes of the rebellion cannot really be rooted out, and that the answer lies in diluting and then subsuming the issues into the normative course of political process. Indeed, they have a strong point.
Presently, unable to exert due authority, State Governments have chosen to look the other way, if not endorse, the coalescence of a live-and-let-live arrangement among the local activists, officials, traders, contractors and industrial houses with the Maoist Area Commanders in order to maintain societal equilibrium, even if it is an skewed one. To avoid massacre and mayhem, all States have restrained their police from becoming too active during the transitory period of build up. Even then there are some contrasts in the policies adopted by different States. The Chhattisgarh Government is engaged in balanced police and socio-economic action; Jharkhand remains inert doing practically nothing at all for or against the state, the people or the rebels; Odisha focuses on quieter areas leaving the troubled ones out; Bihar is stoic while undertaking occasional police actions when the Maoists go too far in upsetting the nexus of ‘equilibrium’; in West Bengal political cadres have displaced the rebels so much so that it is difficult to tell them apart; and Maharashtra is surely and gradually gaining the Maoist’s turf.
The nation’s demand for economic development cannot be delinked with harness of natural resources that lie in the troubled plateau-lands. Therefore, an eventual state-insurgent showdown is only to be expected. Presently, while both sides girdle up for that inevitability, there seems to be no urge or urgency to disrupt what may be termed as an informally understood ‘equilibrium of stalemate’, barring, of course, occasional forays against the adversary to keep the business going.
The rebellion is sustained not by socialist ideals but by people’s disillusionment with an apathetical state, on which the fanatical Maoists feed. The state leadership is aware that the intransigence having grown all-profitable roots, it is banal to expect it to be defeated in short time and by force alone. The idea therefore is to deflate the rebellion by weaning away its support base of the local people. That end is sought to be achieved by addressing the people’s consternation with the governing system, or when full redress is impractical to find, proposing compensatory alternatives. That it will take a long time to do so, is well appreciated. However, it is expected that as signs of state-citizen understanding emerge, it would trigger a cascading effect in dilution of people’s grievances. Recalcitrance from hard core armed rebels are to be expected yet, which are to be dealt with duly strengthened police force. Finally, having been defanged, it is expected that the Maoist remnants would either be marginalised or assimilated into the political process, as indeed it has happened in the past with many similar groups of radicals.
In contrast, the Maoist leadership’s immediate aim is to prevent the state’s intrusion into their ‘liberated zones’ and so preserve their ‘rule’. They wish to ‘liberate’ more such areas over which they currently exercise control or influence, but to do so, armed cadres need to be strengthened. That calls for larger fund collection, which in turn is contingent upon spread of tentacles over financial and political hubs. Focus of the Maoists is therefore on fund collection and procurement of weapons. They realise that they have no more than two to three years to achieve that end before the police forces are sufficiently strengthened to deal with them while state sponsored socio-economic measures start divesting them of the people’s solidarity.
In the coming two years or so, barring disruption of development schemes for the purposes of extortion, and occasional confrontation between police forces and the rebels to keep the threat alive, the state as well as the Maoist rebels are likely to focus on their respective ‘build up’.
The current phase of relative quietude is but in preparation for an eventual escalation in armed confrontation.
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Most everyone agrees Europe has charming cities, but not enough travelers discuss the outdoor spaces in between. One place you should definitely put on your radar? Gorges du Verdon in southeastern France. Stretching for more than 15 miles in central Provence with stunning, 2,000-foot limestone cliffs overlooking the Verdon River, the canyon should be listed as one of the natural wonders of the world and not just as one of the “Grand Sites of France.”The river is one of the premier adventure hubs in France, but it could just as easily be listed as one of the most relaxing spots, too. It’s time to find out what all the fuss is about.
Let's Set the Scene
Although it’s much smaller than the Grand Canyon in Arizona, Verdon’s location is — dare we say it? — significantly better. It took the Verdon River millions of years to carve out the canyon in the heart of the French Riviera. Surrounded by gorgeous mountains and stunning limestone cliffs, the remarkably ice blue waters of the gorge empty into the pristine Lake Sainte Croix, France's third largest lake. The overall effect is simply irresistible, rightly earning it recognition as one of the prettiest canyons in Europe.
But Wait, There's More
Despite the photos flooding your Instagram feed, boating isn’t the only way to enjoy the gorge. The Regional Nature Park of the Verdon was established in 1997 to protect the area so explorers of all ages could enjoy it for years to come. One of the highlights of the canyon is the acclaimed Sentier Martel hiking trail. Named after the pioneering explorer who first routed and discovered the inner secrets of the Gorge back in 1896, the trail begins at two different points: Point Sublime and Chalet de la Maline. Due to the difficulty of the trail, Chalet de la Maline is the preferred route for first time hikers. Don’t worry, you’ll still get your adventure fix here. The five-mile route takes travelers along the base of the river, through two dark tunnels, and up six different staircases (think: Hawaii’s illegal Haiku Stairs hike).
Get Wet and Wild
The Verdon Gorge isn’t just a pretty face. The lower part of the Gorge near the actual Verdon Canyon has calmer waters that are perfect for canoeing, floating, and, yes, paddleboating. However, if you want to get your adrenaline pumping, head higher up the gorge near the Saint Andre region where the current is swifter and the waters are deeper. The rapids are perfect in late spring when the snow and ice from the winter have melted. Boat rentals are available all along the gorge and local tour guides can point out the best drop off points in the area.
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Researchers at the University of Manchester are looking for volunteers to complete a short online questionnaire about ways in which face coverings affect hearing and communication.
The questionnaire can be completed by anyone over age 18. It asks about your experiences communicating with someone who was wearing a face, when you are wearing face mask as well as some questions about face masks in general.
The questionnaire will take about 10 mins to complete.
There are no risks to taking part and all responses will remain anonymous.
If you have specific questions send an email to hearingsurvey2020@manchester.
If you are willing to take part in this study please click this link:
Consent form Indirect impacts of COVID-19 on hearing and communication
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Water, water, everywhere… but where?
One can live without food for almost a month but survive no longer than a week without water. Yet, although almost half of the world’s population live in water-scarce countries, there actually is enough of this precious liquid for everyone.
The UN recommends that a person needs minimum of 50 litres of water a day for drinking, washing, cooking and sanitation, which over a billion people do not have access to. According to UNESCO, the world’s population are appropriating 54% of all the accessible freshwater contained in rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. If per capita consumption of water resources continues to rise at its current rate, humankind could be using over 90% of all available freshwater within 25 years, leaving just 10% for all other living beings.
Freshwater lakes and swamps account for a mere 0.29% of the Earth’s freshwater. 20% of all freshwater is in one lake, Lake Baikal in Asia. Another 20% is stored in the Great Lakes, Huron, Michigan, and Superior. Rivers hold only about 0.006% of total freshwater reserves. Mankind essentially uses only a drop in the bucket of the total available water supply.
So where is all the water?
Antarctica, which is thought to hold about 75% of the world’s fresh water (and 90% of the world’s ice). In fact, almost 10 percent of the world’s land mass is currently covered with glaciers, mostly in Antarctica and Greenland. But it will take more than a Zippo to melt it for daily use.
Towing icebergs for fresh water is an old but often debated concept. Given that 9/10ths of an iceberg is underwater, it acts the same as a type of big barge. In the 1930s, Barnes Wallis suggested using tugs to tow large fabric bags – waterpods – to transport water at a fraction of the cost of building water tankers. (After all, today oil is transported by towing it in huge bags.) In the 1970s, Saudi Arabia considered towing icebergs and Thames Water of London again suggested it in 2006. But, until it happens, where’s the rest of the water?
For the United States, one crucial source is the huge underground reservoir which stretches from Texas to South Dakota, the 800-mile Ogallala aquifer. It provides an estimated third of all US irrigation water. In fact, 95% of the United States’ fresh water is underground.
In Libya, the Great Man Made River Project, as it’s called, is pumping some 6 million cubic metres of water a day from aquifers in the desert, providing irrigation for 150 000 hectares of land. Many countries have turned to aquifers to quench peoples’ thirst.
Aquifers form over thousands of years, but many had been cut off from their original natural sources and are being steadily depleted. In some areas, like Mexico City, aquifer levels dropped by 90 – 150cm (3 – 5 ft) a year, essentially sinking whole areas.
The big, big blue lagoon
No, not the sea. A reservoir of water three times the volume of all the oceans lies deep beneath the Earth’s surface, according to New Scientist. It won’t be easy getting it out – it’s 700 km (435 miles) underground. But is might just be the reservoir of the future.
World Water Day is celebrated on March, 22nd every year.
One kilogram (2.5 pounds) of grain-fed beef needs at least 15 cubic metres of water, while a kilogram of cereals needs only up to three cubic metres.
Between 6 and 9 million people die annually of thirst.
70% of the water used worldwide is used for agriculture.
Australia is the continent with the least rainfall, apart from Antarctica.
Water withdrawals for industry:
World: 22% of total water use
High-income countries: 59% of total water use
Low-income countries: 8% of total water use
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Composite Decking Leader Announces Winners of 13th Annual Plastic Film Recycling Challenge
WINCHESTER, Va., April 24, 2020 – Students across the country are making everyday Earth Day thanks to the Trex Plastic Film Recycling Challenge. Now in its 13th year, the annual program engaged a record number of students in grades K-12 in a fun and friendly competition to collect and recycle the most polyethylene plastic for the chance to win Trex products for their schools. Following months of collaborating with school administrators, teachers and PTOs across the country, the leading manufacturer of high-performance wood-alternative decking and railing is pleased to announce the results of the 2019-20 challenge.
“Through the Trex Recycling Challenge, we are thrilled to be able to educate students about the importance of recycling in a way that is interactive, fun and offers them a tangible reward for their efforts,” said Adam Zambanini, president of Trex Residential. “Amid current school shutdowns, we hope the winner announcement encourages students to keep recycling and learning about ways that they can help the environment, whether at school or at home.”
The annual challenge takes place between America Recycles Day in November and Earth Day the following April. Over the past five months, students from more than 700 schools – the largest number of participating schools to date – collected a combined total of 362,556 pounds of polyethylene plastic, contributing to the more than 400 million pounds of plastic film, bags and wrap that Trex diverts from landfills each year.
Trex makes it easy for schools to participate, by supplying detailed instructions, promotional materials, recycling bins and a list of qualifying recyclable materials, which range from plastic grocery bags to bubble wrap. Students then report their collection totals each month to Trex before delivering the materials to designated drop-off points in their communities.
Trex awards prizes to top recyclers based on grade level, school size and region. This year, 56 regional winners were recognized, representing schools from across the country. Coming out on top in the 2019-20 challenge was Eisenhower Elementary, located in Russel, Pa., where students collected an impressive 7,334 pounds of recycled materials through classroom challenges and community-wide outreach.
“Even after 13 years, we continue to be amazed by what these students are able to accomplish,” said Stephanie Hicks, material resource coordinator for Trex. “Their dedication, creativity and resourcefulness are truly inspiring and it’s so rewarding to see these young people playing an active role in preserving our environment and their future.”
In recognition of their outstanding recycling efforts, the 56 winning schools will earn a Trex bench to help beautify their campus or playground. Every participating school will receive a flower box made from Trex composite deck boards. All prizes will be shipped once schools return to normal schedules.
Built on green values, Trex produces eco-friendly decking and outdoor living products that last – without leaving a lasting impact on the environment. The entire high-performance Trex decking portfolio is manufactured from 95% recycled materials, including a combination of reclaimed wood and polyethylene plastic film (recycled from industrial packaging as well as common household items such as grocery bags, newspaper sleeves and bubble wrap). In fact, Trex is one of the largest recyclers of plastic film in North America, repurposing more than 1.5 billion plastic bags each year in the making of its high-performance, low-maintenance products.
The 2020-21 Trex Plastic Film Recycling Challenge will kick off on November 15. For more information about the program and how to get involved, visit Trex.com/Recycling.
About Trex Company
Trex Company is the world’s largest manufacturer of high performance wood-alternative decking and railing, with more than 25 years of product experience. Stocked in more than 6,700 retail locations worldwide, Trex outdoor living products offer a wide range of style options with fewer ongoing maintenance requirements than wood, as well as an environmentally responsible choice. For more information, visit trex.com. You also can follow Trex on Twitter (@Trex_Company), Instagram (@trexcompany) Pinterest (trexcompany), or Houzz (trex-company-inc), “like” Trex on Facebook, or view product and demonstration videos on the brand’s YouTube channel (TheTrexCo).
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TurnedOnTimesView is a small portable tool which displays the details of when a PC has been turned on or off (sometimes with a reason), perhaps for the last few weeks.
This has some obvious uses for system monitoring. If you're wondering whether someone's been using the family PC in the middle of the night, for instance, TurnedOnTimesView could offer some clues. And there's no need to install any monitoring component, or add an extra icon to your system tray - the program grabs the information it needs from your PC's event logs, with no need to run anything else at all.
The TurnedOnTimesView report also displays information which can help with PC troubleshooting, though. You'll see how long the system typically remains on between restarts, for instance; the process responsible for a restart, the reason, if available ("system failure", say, or "software installation"), and a "shutdown code" which might also offer some clues.
As usual with NirSoft tools, all this information is displayed in a fully sortable table. Clicking any column header - "Shutdown Type", say - will sort the report by that field, making it quick and easy to identify whatever information you need. And there's an option to save the report in TXT, CSV, HTML and other formats, for quick reference later.
- TurnedOnTimesView now scans events of computer sleep/resume and treats them like turn-off/turn-on events (The 'Shutdown Type' displayed for these events is 'Sleep').
- You can turn off this feature from the 'Advanced Options' window ('Consider the sleep/resume events as turn off/on' ).
While it's a fairly niche program, TurnedOnTimesView does provide a simple way to understand when a PC is being used
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[New-bugs-announce] [issue12162] Documentation about re \number
report at bugs.python.org
Tue May 24 02:07:37 CEST 2011
New submission from Seth Troisi <braintwo at gmail.com>:
It would be nice to clarify re documentation on how to use \number.
current documentation lists three half examples:
"(.+) \1 matches 'the the' or '55 55', but not 'the end' (note the space after the group)."
This is rather confusing (at least to me) as it might be assumed that
re.search("(.+) \1", "the the") would return a match, which it does not.
A better example would be re.search("(\w+) \\1", "the the") which does match.
the other confusing portion is the requirement of the second "\" to make it match.
I would think that a quick example below the text would help.
>>> re.search("(\w+) \\1", "can you do the can can?") # \\1 matches the second can at the end of the sentence
<_sre.SRE_Match object at ...>
This is my first python issue and if I have misfiled or left out some information please tell me how to proceed.
assignee: docs at python
nosy: Seth.Troisi, docs at python
title: Documentation about re \number
Python tracker <report at bugs.python.org>
More information about the New-bugs-announce
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Romney Tries To Set Mass. Law Apart From Federal Health Reform
On Thursday, presumptive 2012 GOP presidential candidate and former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney formally attempted to distinguish the Massachusetts law requiring all state residents to obtain health insurance -- which he signed in 2006 -- from the federal health reform law, which congressional Democrats and the Obama administration modeled after the state law, the Washington Post reports (Tumulty, Washington Post, 5/12).
In a speech at the University of Michigan to physicians, health policy experts and local officials, Romney acknowledged the criticism by Democrats and Republicans, who have questioned his viability as a presidential candidate because of an obvious discrepancy in his role to enact the state's universal coverage law and his opposition to the federal law, the New York Times reports (Rutenberg, New York Times, 5/12).
Making His Case
During his speech, Romney conceded that there could be some personal benefit if he apologized for the 2006 state law and distanced himself from it, according to The Hill's "Blog Briefing Room" (O'Brien, "Blog Briefing Room," The Hill, 5/12).
He said, "[A] lot of pundits around the nation are saying that I should just stand up and say this whole thing was a mistake, that this was a boneheaded idea, and I should just admit it: It was a mistake, and walk away," adding, "There's only one problem with that: It wouldn't be honest" (Hunt, Politico, 5/12). "I did what I believed was right for the people of my state," he continued.
Using a series of PowerPoint slides, Romney:
- Illustrated what he thought are the differences between the two laws;
- Offered a defense of the state law's individual mandate; and
- Outlined his blueprint for repealing and replacing the federal overhaul if he is elected next year (Kliff , Politico, 5/12).
Romney said the decision by his administration to include a mandate -- a centerpiece of the federal health reform law that has drawn strong opposition from Republicans -- was a move to force state residents to take "personal responsibility" for their health care and stop those who would seek to take advantage of the government's support for health care.
"Our plan was a state solution to a state problem," while the national law was a "power grab by federal government to put in place a one-size-fits-all plan," Romney added ("Blog Briefing Room," The Hill, 5/12).
He acknowledged that the state law "included a number of things I wish I could do differently," but noted, "Overall, am I proud of the fact that we did our best for our people, and got people insured? Absolutely" (New York Times, 5/12).
Romney said that if elected president, his first course of action on health care would be to issue an executive order that would provide all states with waivers allowing them to opt out of the federal law, the Post reports.
He said he would then push forward a series of measures that would:
- Provide individual states with adequate resources and flexibility to determine coverage requirements for uninsured residents;
- Facilitate a more free-functioning and efficient health care market (Washington Post, 5/12);
- Offer tax deductions for consumers to purchase their own insurance;
- Transform the structure of Medicaid; and
- Limit damages in medical malpractice lawsuits (Hunt, Politico, 5/12).
Reactions to Speech
Jonathan Gruber -- an economist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who assisted Romney in the development of the state law and consulted the Obama administration on the federal law -- said, "It's basically his effort to take health care off the table" (Washington Post, 5/12).
According to the Times, Thursday's speech was intended to address the "biggest threat" facing his widely expected presidential campaign, which still is in its exploratory phase.
Following the speech, some political strategists and observers said that Romney was successful and that his campaign for the GOP nomination would have one less obstacle in its path (New York Times, 5/12).
However, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, a chief economic adviser in Sen. John McCain's (R-Ariz.) 2008 presidential campaign, said the speech "is going to be far less of a disqualifier in a general election than it is in a Republican primary," adding that the 2012 election "is, in the end, going to be a referendum on [Obama]" (Washington Post, 5/12).
Meanwhile, Democrats continued to note the parallels between the state and federal laws. White House press secretary Jay Carney said that Romney "seems to be running away from some of the goals of his own law," adding that there are "a lot of similarities" between the two laws (Hunt, Politico, 5/12).
Group Uses Google Ads To Link Mass. Law With Federal Law
Protect Your Care -- a pro-health reform group organized under the direction of current Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick (D) and former Wisconsin Gov. Jim Doyle (D) -- on Thursday began sponsoring a series of Google advertisements that highlight Romney's role in the Massachusetts universal coverage law and its link to the federal health reform law, Politico reports.
The ads are coded to appear when Internet users search for specific terms related to Romney's speech, such as "Romney's health plan," and they will appear to users in the District of Columbia, Michigan and New Hampshire (Kliff , Politico, 5/12).This is part of the California Healthline Daily Edition, a summary of health policy coverage from major news organizations. Sign up for an email subscription.
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Kevin O' Donnell may be poor right now, but he's not going to stay that way for long--not if he has anything to do with it. With his father unable to work and a little sister to support, Kevin needs to find work, any work.
But jobs aren't easy to come by in New York during 1881, especially for a twelve-year-old immigrant boy. So Kevin finds himself scrambling, desperately seeking ways to make a few dollars here and there. And he begins cutting a few corners. When he's discovered "borrowing" and reselling newspapers, he knows he's in for it — the workhouse, or maybe even jail.
That's why he's shocked when the elegant man who caught him offers him his dream job: a job on the man's newspaper. Now it's up to Kevin to make it work. But can he leave the slums behind him, or will his attitude doom him to remain a boy from the streets?
Original title: Paperboy
Genre: Fiction→ Children & Young Adult→ Historical Fiction
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Relieve Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis and Allergies
I’ve seen drug advertisements on TV that claim the drug can reduce the symptoms of asthma and COPD. However, what caught my attention was not the benefit of the drug but the very serious side effects of taking the drug. Not surprising but the list of side effects was far longer than the benefits of the drug, but the last two side effects listed by the announcer was that the drug may cause cancer or even death. A group of compounds called leukotrienes, when elevated, can cause asthma, COPD, bronchitis and allergies. To date, to the best of my knowledge, drug companies have not found an answer to downgrade a high level of leukotrienes which are expressed by an enzyme called 5-LOX. If we could downgrade the level of leukotrienes, not only will the symptoms of these indications be suppressed but it might even be possible to cure such conditions. The only herb, to my knowledge, that can downgrade and modulate the 5-LOX enzyme is boswellia. A very unique boswellia that is high in AKBA, one of the boswellic acids, is enriched to approximately 10% which is five times greater than standard boswellia. This clinically studied boswellia is also very low in a boswellic acid that usually can be considered pro-inflammatory. Boswellia is my second most favorite herb after curcumin. It can be valuable in relieving the symptoms of 60 different diseases.
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|You can||Before H.S.||During H.S.||After H.S.||Resources||FAQs||Blog|
Post ID: 291Comment on Selected Post
9/25/2009 9:31:09 AM
Homeschool Science Academy Online Science Courses
September 30, 2009 is the deadline to sign up for spring classes beginning in January and still receive the 30% discount.
To help hone your teen’s writing skills, sign up for the “Creation Research Paper” contest.
Do you just need a supplement to your current biology or anatomy and physiology class? Then one of the anatomy and physiology weekend camps might be just the ticket! The next one is scheduled for October 30 – November 1, 2009.
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It would be a bit of a stretch to claim that Barack Obama won the 2008 election because his website ran open source software while John McCain's ran on proprietary software. But what is not a stretch at all is that Barack Obama's campaign built a powerful synergy between grass-roots politics and grass-roots technology, while presenting what many consider to be the most disciplined campaign of any candidate in modern history.
That combination of synergetic innovation and single-minded discipline produced this amazing commentary from conservative commentator Alex Castellanos on CNN's election night coverage, captured here by YouTube:
For those who'd like to do their homework and understand Castellanos's sources, the book he references is The Cathedral and the Bazaar. The connection between the failing industrial model practiced by companies like Microsoft compared with the organic open source development model is detailed in a whitepaper I published in 2006 titled Software Industry vs. Software Society: Who Wins in 2020?. Who knew that we'd only have to wait two more years before the logic that paper presents would become a mainstream explanation of a mainstream shift in American culture, identity, politics, and economic potential?
Congratulations to President-elect, Barack Obama!
But Open Source has much more to deliver to this President and to the nation, in terms of reforming Washington and our Federal government. One of the strongest criticisms made against Barack Obama during his campaign is that he consistently said that he would go through the Federal budget "line-by-line" and cut wasteful spending, but he never gave any specifics. The open source-based application http://USAspending.gov was implemented after Congress passed a law in 2006 saying that by the start of 2008, every government contract for every government agency (except those that are classified) had to be online, with information disclosing costs, sponsors, contractors, etc. By using open source software and an open source-friendly governance model, the program was delivered ahead of schedule and under budget. And everybody in the world can now inspect the Federal budget on a line-by-line basis.
Since we have been encouraged to participate in this great new democratic experiment, with a President who welcomes our participation, I suggest that we use this great application to help our incoming President identify some of the spending that might best be cut. It's something we can all do, and it's something that we should all do. With many eyes, all (budget) bugs are shallow...
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Photo: Unsplash.com / @claybanks
There is a plethora of cleaning products on the market. How are we to know which are the best? You may have chosen a product based on great reviews or simply because it gets the job done, without considering which ingredients it’s made of. But… what if I told you that your cleaning products may be causing more harm than good?
A lot of companies promise to remove stains or clean 99.9% of germs, so we think these would be the best products to choose from. Unfortunately, that’s not the case. Have you ever wondered how a product is killing all but 0.1% of bacteria and viruses? Which ingredients are going into these products to make them as effective as they claim to be? It’s important we become aware of some of the most common toxins found in our everyday cleaning products.
Ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct odour that is used as a building-block chemical. It occurs naturally through the air, soil, water, plants, animals, and humans. Our body makes ammonia to break down protein-rich foods then gets converted to urea, which our body eventually releases through urine. This chemical also occurs naturally as a part of the nitrogen cycle to help fertilize plants.
Since this is a naturally occurring substance, it’s safe to put into our products, right? Nope- ammonia is often a very concentrated form in commercial cleaning products. We worry about it because it can enter our body’s system through the three major pathways: inhalation, ingestion, and absorption.
Inhaling ammonia can cause burning and irritation of the nose, throat, and respiratory tract at high concentrated levels. Someone exposed to high levels is likely to experience coughing, throat irritation, and general fatigue. Ingesting ammonia infrequently occurs but it will cause corrosive damage to the mouth, throat, and stomach. As for absorbing ammonia, if any of these cleaning solutions or disinfectants are used without gloves and get onto the skin, they can cause skin irritation. In high concentrations, ammonia may even cause burns and severe injury.
Ammonia is a common ingredient in polishing agents for bathroom, glass cleaners, disinfectants, floor cleaners, all-purpose cleaners- pretty much any cleaner.
Formaldehyde is a carcinogenic substance released by preservatives and commonly added to cosmetics and cleaning products. It’s another colourless gas with a strong odour that breaks down quickly. It also occurs naturally in the environment; humans and most living organisms produce small amounts. When exposed to this substance in high doses, that’s when it becomes a concern.
A label might not always state formaldehyde. Like most chemicals, it can appear as different names. Formaldehyde may be hiding under other names, such as:
- Formic aldehyde
- Methyl aldehyde
- Methylene glycol
- Methylene oxide
Many of these names are unknown to most consumers, which makes it much more difficult when shopping.
Why should you be concerned about the high levels of formaldehyde? If you use the Environmental Working Group database and search this ingredient, it scores a 10. This is the worst rating EWG gives to ingredients. This shows that there is sufficient research proving formaldehyde to be a very toxic ingredient to your health.
The primary pathway this toxin gets into our body is through inhalation. The product omits formaldehyde into the air and we breathe it in high doses. Exposure causes symptoms including watery and burning eyes, coughing, sneezing, nausea, and skin irritation.
If that isn’t enough, cancer research has found that inhaling formaldehyde in higher concentrations can cause cancer, specifically in a workplace setting where exposure is at high concentrations for an extended period. Several studies have found a link between formaldehyde exposure and cancer of the nasopharynx (upper part of the throat), and an increased risk of leukemia. There is something the consumer can do about this, though. It’s best to look for products with clean ingredients that don’t contain harmful chemicals typically found in cleaning products.
Household products containing formaldehyde include:
- Dish soap
- Plug-in air fresheners
Good news: Deciphering harmful ingredients in labels isn’t an easy task and there are marketplace websites, including Change Market, that do the work for you. All of their products on their website are free from harmful chemicals and 100% plant-based; you can have peace of mind buying and knowing the health of you and your loved ones is a top priority.
The word fragrance is a vague term; it’s an umbrella term for multiple other ingredients. The ingredient “fragrance” listed in your personal care and cosmetic products likely contains dozens of potentially harmful chemicals. For marketing purposes, companies are legally able to do this. Why does a company hide ingredients, within another? A sneaky tactic that most consumers aren’t aware of.
We all want pleasant smelling products, but our health seems to pay the price. It’s very difficult to find products without the ingredient “fragrance” in them as they are in nearly everything. This includes:
- Shampoos & conditioners
- Body wash
- Hand & body lotions
- Air fresheners
- All-purpose cleaners
Be aware of the different kinds of labelling when it comes to advertising. Many products will say “scent-free” or “unscented” but, that doesn’t mean you’re avoiding the harmful chemicals they put in with “fragrance”. It has to be labelled “fragrance-free” or be a trusted, 100% natural or organic product.
Why should we be avoiding fragrances? What is so bad about the chemicals they put into it? Most fragrances contain synthetic compounds called phthalates, which are plasticizing agents. Yes, that’s right. There are tiny plastics in the face wash you use on your face every morning. These synthetic compounds cause allergies, asthma, skin irritation, and even cancer- specifically testicular and liver cancer.
Apart from health concerns, products containing fragrance pose a serious threat to the environment. They’re not natural substances, and we often add them back into our ecosystems through our pipelines. Every time you take a shower with that lovely smelling fragrance soap, the remaining product washes off into the drain and right back into the earth.
Good news: Natural alternatives are appealing to our senses but aren’t detrimental to our health. You could even do DIY cleaning products (i.e., diluted vinegar is an alternative cleaning solution) and avoid label reading altogether. If you want to buy cleaning products on the market, good ones to start with are Eco-Max, Ola Bamboo, and Ecoideas. Change Market offers a selection of non-toxic cleaning products that you can feel good about.
Beware of Greenwashing
What is greenwashing? This is when a company spends a lot of time and money marketing their products as environmentally friendly, rather than actually taking steps to reduce their detrimental impact. This tactic is deceitful, and the goal is for people to choose these products (which are usually more expensive), thinking they are making a conscious and better decision.
This is extremely frustrating as many companies appear to be eco-friendly and healthy, when in fact, they may not be. A person who is new to purchasing environmentally-friendly products can be left confused or tricked into buying products that may still be harmful.
Greenwashing isn’t a new term, though; it has been around since the 1980s. Back then, consumers didn’t have the internet to fact-check the information. Because of flexible marketing tactics, it’s still not easy.
What is the difference between greenwashing and green marketing? Mentioned above is what greenwashing is but, there is a difference when it comes to green marketing. Green marketing is what we want to see; the companies are more likely to be honest, practical, and provide products that meet the requirements they are claiming (i.e., free of toxins). People are often getting mislead, but there are ways to avoid greenwashing.
The first thing to look out for is fluffy language, including “eco-friendly”, “organic”, and “natural”. These terms are used loosely, and the regulations for a company to put these terms on their labels aren’t always clear.
Another common strategy is suggestive pictures. A company will use green impression photos to promote the product when in fact, what you’re purchasing looks nothing like the picture. If it seems too good to be true, it probably is.
Lastly, companies will use scientific and difficult language to confuse the average consumer. Not everyone does their research, and most people don’t understand what half the ingredients are on the label. This is where marketplace websites that do the research for you will come in hand.
These are only a few ingredients and market strategies you need to know if you’re looking to purchase products for your home that give you peace of mind. You want to feel confident and trust that the products you’re buying will not be detrimental to you or your family’s health and reduce your environmental impact. Nature does so many beautiful things for us and has many benefits to help sustain our species, so we must thank it. Our environment takes care of us, so let’s say thanks and take care of it!
The facts about ammonia
The important difference between unscented and fragrance-free
The list of 18 toxic cleaning chemicals in everyday products
What cleaning products contain ammonia? by Andrew Palermo
What is formaldehyde?
What is greenwashing?
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14ymedio, Pedro Campos, Havana, 29 February 2016 – The Miami press reports that Cuban-born US Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen asked Secretary of State John Kerry, during a Congressional hearing, what progress the Cuban government has made, given the many concessions made by the United States, and how does he justify the mass exodus of Cubans that has increased some 80%. At the same time, she requested the extradition of those responsible for the downing of the Brothers to the Rescue planes, and reminded him that since the announcement of rapprochement, there have been more than 8,000 arrests on the island.
If it were simply a political confrontation between Republicans and Democrats about some aspect of American foreign policy that had no implications for world peace, I would refrain from commenting, but the debate significantly affects the interests of the Cuban people, who Congresswoman Ros-Lehtinen has always prided herself on representing.
Her questions to the Secretary of State are evidence of what everyone knows: she does not share the essence, the basis of the new policy of the Obama administration and, to try to discredit it, presents its measures as “concessions” to the Cuban government that has not done nothing to deserve them.
This is the great original error on which she bases her questions, because the new policy is not conceived as a give and take, but rather as a way to eliminate in the medium and long term the barriers that prevent the Cuban people from exercising their sovereignty for themselves, without foreign interference.
I have always believed that the policy of blockades and pressure against the Cuban government by Unites States affected the Cuban people first and not their rulers, and managed to put the ruling bureaucracy in the role of victims; in short, it has been used to try to justify disastrous economic, repressive and undemocratic policies and, ultimately, has affected the needs of the people themselves, because the bureaucracy has never lacked for anything.
Some defend this mess saying that once the Cuban people begin to starve they will rise up against the government. There is nothing more to say about that.
I am among those who are happy with the change of US policy toward Cuba, since its implementation will make it clear that the rulers have been the perpetrators who have sacrificed the Cuban people for their state-centric policies – supposedly socialist – and it will do away with all these justifications; there will be no way to continue imposing the current control over the economy, politics, the press, culture, education, public health, or of preventing the Cuban people from taking into their own hands the sovereignty that is theirs by right.
There is no defense of the socialism-that-never-was, primarily responsible for the current national disaster, without recognizing that the policy of the embargo-blockade has been its fundamental source of international support. Remove this girder and watch it collapse. But it seems that the Cuban-born congresswoman, in her attempts to discredit Obama the Democrat, does not adequately evaluate his policy toward Cuba.
This shift is intended to take effect in the medium and long term, passing from acceptance of the current Cuban government and having as its principal basis something that those who imposed and maintained the blockade-embargo never intended: it is we Cubans ourselves who have to fix this mess and not the policies of some foreign power. Interference only serves to encourage the Cuban people’s uniting behind the most vulgar nationalism/anti-imperialism.
The congresswoman’s questions are based on false premises. If the idea is to question the policy, go to the bases of it and not to some supposed effects that no one is proposing over the short term.
Perhaps she herself and the Cuban-American caucus in the United States Congress, which has opposed President Obama’s call to end the blockade-embargo, could provide some of the answers to these questions. Meanwhile, the blockade-embargo continues to be an indirect support to economic and political centralization. It prevents the empowerment of Cubans and stimulates mass exodus and arrests, while proposals to end the Cuban Adjustment Act support and encourage internal groups who are for confrontation and not for dialog.
Republicans have every right to try to defeat the Democrats, but they do not have the right to do so at the expense of the Cuban people.
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Luis F. Leloir
Born: 6 September 1906, Paris, France
Died: 2 December 1987, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Affiliation at the time of the award: Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Prize motivation: "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
Prize share: 1/1
Carbohydrates, including sugars and starches, are of paramount importance to the life processes of organisms. Luis Leloir demonstrated that nucleotides - molecules that also constitute the building blocks of DNA molecules - are crucial when carbohydrates are generated and converted. In 1949 Luis Leloir discovered that one type of sugar's conversion to another depends on a molecule that consists of a nucleotide and a type of sugar. He later showed that the generation of carbohydrates is not an inversion of metabolism, as had been assumed previously, but processes with other steps.
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A central part our mission is to stand up for consumers and make sure they are treated fairly in the financial marketplace. One way we do this is by enforcing federal consumer financial laws and holding financial service providers accountable for their actions.
When a bank, company, individual, or other entity breaks the law, we may take enforcement action against them.
Payments to harmed consumers
When we take action to enforce the law, we (or a court) may order the violator to remedy the harm it caused consumers by compensating victims for this harm. We may also give back money through our civil penalty fund or our redress program.
Find information about specific court cases and administrative proceedings that we’ve brought addressing violations of laws we enforce.
Enforcement by the numbers
To increase transparency of the Bureau’s public enforcement actions, we have posted summary data on all the Bureau’s public enforcement actions.
We sometimes send warning letters to advise recipients that certain actions may have violated federal law and to help those entities review certain practices to ensure that they comply with federal law.
Petitions to modify or set aside
We publish petitions that we receive to modify or set aside civil investigative demands and the orders resolving those petitions.
If you’re a current or former employee of a company that you think has violated federal consumer laws—or an industry insider who knows of such a company—we want to hear from you.
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Paying for College with Armed Forces Service
Since 1944, members of the United States Armed Forces have received help paying for their college education. Today, members of any branch of the armed forces have a number of government-sponsored financial aid options at their disposal. For many students, military service is a way to see their college goals funded and fulfilled.
Military financial aid programs allow you to attend college full-time. Students may choose to serve after they graduate or they may participate in a reserve (ROTC) or National Guard program during college. Both can qualify you to receive money for college.
Every branch of the military offers financial aid programs for active duty service members. Active duty means you have to sign up for military service for a specified period of time – the norm is 4 years but you can sign up for 2, 3, and 6-year programs if you prefer.
Montgomery G.I. Bill
The Montgomery G.I. Bill allows students to receive money for higher education. The money can be used for a traditional college or any other higher educational institution.
The amount a student can receive depends on how long you enlist, but, along with tuition assistance “kickers,” students can earn up to $73,836 for college. That’s a lot of cash. The money can be used after you finish serving active duty or for part-time enrollment during your service. There are also tuition assistance programs to help soldiers wishing to take classes while on active duty.
The G.I. Bill may also apply to those serving in the military reserves.
Reserve Officers Training Corps
Another option to consider is the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC). This program is offered at hundreds of colleges across the country through the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Training Corps program allows students to attend ROTC classes and conduct training activities for two years with no obligation for service. Students that stay with the program must commit to serve as an officer for at least three years after graduation, but they may compete for full-tuition scholarships and even yearly stipends.
College Loan Repayment Program
The college loan repayment programs are for students who accumulated student loan debt. Those eligible may have already graduated from college, or taken only a few courses. But those who enlist may be eligible for thousands of dollars in student loan repayments.
Explore Your Options
Each branch of the military offers a variety of programs to help all types of students future, current and former pay for college. To see which programs you may be eligible for, and which may be right for you, visit goarmy.com, airforce.com, marines.com, or navy.com.
Check out college resources and additional financial aid information on Cappex.
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BBC Bitesize - With segregated topics, key stages and exam boards, BBC Bitesize will tailor the information it gives you depending on the exam board you are using to give you the best suited information, tasks and tests
BBC Teach - Links to external learning-related websites, outside of the BBC
Pearson Online Books - E-books covering many subject areas and levels covered Including: English, Maths, sciences, German, French, Spanish, Business Studies, Drama, History, Geography, Computer Science and Statistics
Brain Pop - The amount of educational resources on Brain Pop is VERY impressive, with topics covering everything from science and English to health and art. There are loads of games and activities to choose from
Quizlet - Quizlet is a website that provides learning tools and games to help revise anything from poetry terminology to musical notes. Think flashcards but much more interactive and fun. You can use cards other users have already made, or make your own set specific to what your child needs to learn. Its nifty world map also shows you who else is studying on Quizlet.
Sparknotes - A similar(ish) website to BBC Bitesize. You’ll find notes on most of the English Literature texts, plus quizzes to test your knowledge
Cliffsnotes - There’s plenty here to help you revise the core English Literature texts – chapter summaries, character overviews, quizzes and essay questions
Universal Teacher - This website is quite extensive. It’s got comprehensive notes on most of the English Literature texts, and there’s also relevant information that you can use to help revise for English Language.
Teachit Maths - Offering a tremendous amount of resources covering most topics across the curriculum this site is not to be missed. You do have to register an account on the website in order to download the free resources, but it is free to do so, PDF documents are free to download but you can pay for different formats. To change the subject, click on the ‘other subject’s’ box in the top left hand corner of the page
Nrich Maths Secondary - Project created by Cambridge University and features Maths resources to enrich learning, including games and activities
National Geographic Oceans Education - An education pack which will inspire you to join the fight against plastic pollution. It includes fun activities for the classroom, easy to follow ideas for reducing plastic footprint and curriculum links for lesson planning
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Neil Irwin notes today that consumer confidence took a sharp downward turn in October. But it’s not clear if this will have any real effect on the broader economy:
Turns out, shutting down the government for 16 days while using the threat of a government debt default to battle over the nation’s budget isn’t great for peoples’ psyche
….It’s worth remembering that measures of confidence are always far more volatile than the actual amount of money Americans spend….So there are no guarantees that the plummeting consumer confidence will materialize into worse economic results for October. Still, coming off of a slew of weaker-than-expected data, it’s hard to imagine that the wallop that consumer confidence took in October will help matters.
Yep. If Republicans get down to business and agree to pass a simple budget by the end of the year, the effect of the October debacle will probably be limited. But if we go through the exact same thing again in January? Then all bets are off.
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Significant Capital Ships of the 20th Century
By Chuck Hawks
It is as unfair to compare capital ships of one generation to those of a later generation, as it would be to compare fighter aircraft of different vintages. Few would dispute the unfairness of comparing the performance and combat effectiveness of an SE-5a, Spitfire, F-86 and F-16, although each was an outstanding fighter plane at the time of its introduction. Similarly, when discussing the most significant capital ships of the 20th Century, they should be evaluated in the context of the time in which they were designed and completed.
Certain capital ships caused the navies of the world to sit up and take notice. Often contemporary and future ship designs were recast as a result. It is such groundbreaking ships that are the subject of this article. The specifications provided are taken from Jane's Fighting Ships and Anthony Preston's Battleships of World War One.
No 20th Century ship had as much influence on subsequent battleship design as the British Royal Navy's Dreadnought of 1906, inspired by Lord "Jackie" Fisher. Not only was she the first "all big gun" battleship to be commissioned, she was also the first with tripod masts and powered by steam turbines. The shift to steam turbines from reciprocating machinery significantly lowered the ship's center of gravity, allowing a heavier battery to be carried well above the water line. Turbines were more reliable, much smoother in operation and allowed a three knot increase in speed.
At a stroke, Dreadnought doubled the main battery broadside of previous battleships, increased protection and achieved a meaningful increase in speed. When commissioned, she could overwhelm any existing capital ship with her gunfire and run it down if it attempted to escape. If faced by a numerically superior enemy battleship force, Dreadnought could escape by using her superior speed.
Dreadnought forever changed capital ship design. It is fair to say that she was the single most revolutionary battleship of the 20th Century, as she immediately made all previous battleships obsolete in a way and to an extent that no later capital ship would ever match. Similar subsequent battleships were known, generically, as "dreadnoughts" and earlier battleships as "pre-dreadnoughts."
The actual period of her superiority was brief, as both the British Admiralty and foreign navies immediately sought to design Dreadnought style battleships of even greater capability. By the outbreak of the Great War (WWI) in 1914, she was already obsolescent and in July 1918 she was decommissioned. Nevertheless, Dreadnought was the first, and perhaps the most influential, among the significant 20th Century capital ships.
Hard on the heels of Dreadnought came another new, and in many ways similar, class of capital ship from the fertile mind of Lord Fisher. This was the Invincible class, Invincible, Inflexible and Indomitable, the world's first battle cruisers. The original battle cruiser concept was essentially the Dreadnought equivalent of an armored cruiser. The Invincibles were designed to out shoot and out run all existing armored cruisers. They were all big gun (12" main battery), four shaft, steam turbine powered ships similar in size to Dreadnought, but armored to resist cruiser, not battleship, gunfire. The primary differences were a longer and finer hull shape, a substantial reduction in armor protection and a big increase in horsepower, in order to achieve a substantial increase in speed. The thickness of the armored belt was cut almost in half and the horsepower almost doubled. The designed speed was 25 knots and this was exceeded on trials. The Invincibles were much more heavily armed, as well as better armored and faster, than any armored cruiser. They were also much larger and more expensive.
Naturally, since the advent of the Invincible class made all armored cruisers obsolete, navies that wished to stay abreast of the latest Royal Navy developments needed battle cruisers of their own. Britain's main naval rival, Germany, commissioned the first response, the battle cruiser Van der Tann, in 1910.
When used for the purposes for which they were designed, the Invincible class was very successful. This was demonstrated when Invincible and Inflexible ran down and sank Admiral Graf Spee's raiding force that included the armored cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau off the Falkland Islands in December 1914. However, the Invincibles downfall was that they represented too much of a good thing. It seemed impossible for commanding admirals to resist including them in the battle line, where they were exposed to heavy caliber (not cruiser) shell fire that they were not designed to resist. The result was the explosion and loss of Invincible and two later Royal Navy battle cruisers during the Battle of Jutland.
Inflexible and indomitable were paid off at the end of the Great War. Nevertheless, many important navies, including the American, Soviet, German, Japanese, Turkish and French, ultimately designed and/or operated battle cruisers. (See the article "Battle cruisers, Large Cruisers and Pocket Battleships of World War II.")
The next significant advance in capital ships was the British Orion class. Completed in 1912, Orion, Thunderer, Monarch and Conqueror were so much larger and more heavily armed than previous dreadnoughts that the press coined the term "super dreadnought" for them and the name stuck. These ships were armed with 13.5" guns, where for generations previous battleships had been armed with guns of no larger than 12" bore. Heavily armored, carrying 10-13.5" guns in twin centerline turrets and displacing about 25,000 tons fully loaded, the Orion class substantially raised the bar for subsequent battleships. Perhaps naturally, the next class of Royal Navy battle cruisers was also equipped with 13.5" guns.
Naturally, other navies were forced to respond with super dreadnoughts of their own, which the USN did in 1916 with the Nevada class of 14" gun battleships. No German super dreadnoughts were commissioned until the two Bayern class in 1916, which were armed with 15" guns. However, by that time the British had 14 super dreadnoughts armed with 13.5" or 14" guns and nine super dreadnoughts armed with 15" guns completed, with one more 15" gun ship (the last of the "R" class) that would complete in 1917. The super dreadnought, armed with guns ranging from 13.5" to (ultimately) 18" bore, had raised the stakes in the battleship arms race.
Queen Elizabeth Class
After the Orion, King George V and Iron Duke classes of 13.5" gun super dreadnaughts, the Royal Navy took the next major step in capital ship design with the five ships of the Queen Elizabeth class, part of the 1912 program and completed in 1915-1916. Queen Elizabeth, Barham, Malaya, Valiant and Warspite were the first battleships with 15" guns (the caliber that became the de facto European standard), the first with oil fired boilers and, perhaps most importantly, the first "fast battleships." With the Queen Elizabeths, designed for a maximum speed of 25 knots, the battleship and battle cruiser types began to converge.
The Queen Elizabeths were always considered high value ships by the Royal Navy and they served very successfully during WWI (most were at Jutland). The surrender of the German fleet at the end of WWI was signed aboard Queen Elizabeth in November 1918. (It is a great shame that this ship was not preserved as a WWI and WWII memorial!)
Between the wars, all five ships were modernized to varying degrees and their appearance significantly changed. Machinery was replaced, elevation of the 15" guns increased to 30-degrees, secondary and AA battery revised, bridge structure and control top revised, funnels trunked, torpedo tubes removed, anti-torpedo bulges added, protection increased and so forth, involving about 60% of the ships structure in the case of Malaya. Queen Elizabeth, Valiant and Warspite were even more extensively modernized; their heavy conning towers were removed and they were fitted with tower bridges. QE and Valiant had their 6" secondary battery removed and replaced by 4.5" dual purpose guns in twin turrets.
Barham was sunk by a U-Boat in November 1941. (Her end was filmed and has become one of the most famous battleship sinkings of all time, misidentified in countless "documentaries" as every capital ship from Bismarck on down.) The others had very active WWII careers and served with distinction in all theaters, including the Atlantic, Arctic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. By the end of the war the survivors were worn out and were scrapped soon afterward.
By the end of her long career, Warspite had become the most successful of the Royal Navy's battleships, sinking or damaging enemy submarines, destroyers, cruisers, battle cruisers, battleships and shore installations with her guns. She also sustained more damage than any other British battleship, being mined, bombed, shelled, torpedoed and run aground on various occasions. In the course of her service in two World Wars, Warspite accumulated 14 Battle Honours, including Jutland May 1916, and by 1945 had more than any other ship in the Royal Navy.
BASIC SPECIFICATIONS (WWI)
QUEEN ELIZABETH (WWII)
The design history of Hood is rather complicated. It began in 1915 with a request to the DNC for a superior battleship design along the lines of an improved Queen Elizabeth. The hope developed for a "best of both worlds" design, a very fast battleship combining the merits of a 22 knot battleship with the speed of a 30 knot battle cruiser. Multiple designs and design variations were proposed, discussed and reviewed.
In early 1916 Admiral Jellicoe, then Commander-in-Chief of the British fleet, wrote guidelines for capital new ships in which he stated that the need was not for more slow battleships, but for 30 knot battle cruisers with no less than eight 15" main guns and at least a 2.5" thick armored deck. As a result, the DNC was asked to prepare new designs for a very large and capable battle cruiser.
Subsequent to the loss of three British battle cruisers at the Battle of Jutland (May 1916), changes were made to the new ship's design to increase protection and this was accomplished by September 1916. Four ships were laid down that Fall and the revised plans for Hood were finally approved in 1917.
Her three sisters were cancelled when it became clear that the four powerful Germany battle cruisers of the Mackensen class would not be completed and the end of the war was approaching. However, Hood was well advanced and work on her continued. She was completed after the end of WWI, in March 1920.
Although always rated a battle cruiser, in accordance with Admiral Jellicoe's quidelines, when Hood emerged from the builder's yard, she was the world's first 31 knot battleship. She was a unique synthesis of gun power, protection and speed on a single hull. Hood became the inspiration for all of the fast battleships to come. With a load displacement of 42,670 tons and an overall length of 860 feet, she was far larger than any other capital ship extant from 1920 until after the beginning of the Second World War. She was also the most famous, as well as the most beautiful, capital ship in the world.
Her protection was on a par with the Queen Elizabeth class battleships and her 15" mounts were an improved model with 30-degrees maximum elevation. Her 12" main armor belt angled inboard to the waterline to increase its effective protection and she was completed with lighter and more efficient small tube boilers. The details of Hood were shared with the USN during her construction and she had a major influence on American thinking. The Washington Treaty battleship building holiday delayed the advent of other capital ships during the 1920's and early 1930's, but when capital ship construction resumed, only fast battleships were built. "The Mighty Hood," as she was known throughout her life, had irrevocably altered capital ship design.
Unfortunately, the Hood was considered too important to be taken out of service between the wars for the sort of modernization, especially improved horizontal protection, that enhanced the Queen Elizabeth class. Modifications were limited to increasing her AA armament (at the expense of her secondary battery) and other relatively minor changes as WWII approached. In May 1941, the 21 year old Hood, still essentially in her original configuration, faced the brand new, 42,000 German battleship Bismarck. The result was the loss of Hood by magazine explosion following plunging 15" shell hits by Bismarck. Despite her tragic end, Hood's influence on subsequent capital ship construction should not be overlooked or underestimated.
The Hood introduced the modern age of the fast battleship. Subsequent fast battleships introduced many detail improvements, but no dramatic conceptual changes.
I hadn't realized, when I first conceived the idea for this article, that the British Royal Navy had been so dominant and influential in the design of 20th Century capital ships. I had expected that Yamato (Japan), Nagato (Japan), North Carolina (US) and Iowa (US), among other favorites, would be represented in this article. However, when I examined the history of 20th Century capital ship design, it became obvious that the most important design advances, from Dreadnought right through the advent of the 30+ knot fast battleship (Hood), had come from the UK.
Consider the following: Iowa was the full expression of a cost no object fast battleship, to be sure, but conceptually she differed little from Hood. She simply profited from the technical advances developed during the three decades between the two designs. The North Carolina class was, to my mind, the best of the 35,000 Treaty battleships, but the artificial Treaty limitations became irrelevant with the outbreak of WWII. Nagato was the fastest and most versatile of the first generation of 16" gun battleships, which included the Nelson and Maryland classes, but conceptually she was in the mold of Queen Elizabeth. The Yamato class were the greatest battleships of them all. Under other circumstances, Yamato might have initiated a new capital ship arms race. However, by the time she was completed, WWII was underway and the day of the battleship, as the arbiter of sea power, was already over. Instead, Yamato became a technological dead end.
Copyright 2012, 2016 by Chuck Hawks. All rights reserved.
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Our school district is experiencing greater interest in 3D printing and many schools now have access to this new technology. Tech Services is currently creating resources to support this learning endeavour. Below your will find an overview on 3D printing and some steps to follow to help you get the most out of your 3D printing.
For more support:
Contact J.P. Wood (Tech Services) firstname.lastname@example.org, 250-794-5061
or Laurie Petrucci (Tech Teacher) email@example.com, 250-261-0425
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Book offers tips on how to cope with health care consumerism
Scores of patients bring information that they have downloaded from the Internet to David B. Nash, FACP. They then ask him why his treatment differs from what they found in their Web research.
Some physicians view patients with lists and folders as meddlesome, but not Dr. Nash, associate dean of health policy at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. While he admitted that talking to well-informed patients can be challenging, he said that he views medical consumerism as a largely good thing.
"I can have more intelligent conversations with better-informed patients who probably will be more compliant with their therapy," Dr. Nash said. He believes that access to more information with fewer barriers will lead to improved patient outcomes.
That positive view of medical consumerism is part of the focus of a new book that Dr. Nash helped edit. "Connecting with the New Healthcare Consumer: Defining Your Strategy" serves as a guide for health care decision-makers to work with a new generation of patients who are informed about health care and like to ask questions.
With an estimated 25,000 American health care Web sites, the Internet is challenging doctor-patient communications.
In addition to Internet-based information, the book deals with pharmacy-related issues including the shift from prescription to over-the-counter medications, the growth of alternative medicine, the role of employers as patient advocates and the evolving responsibilities of nursing professionals.
While Dr. Nash acknowledged that patient empowerment can create stress in the doctor-patient relationship, he said he is confident that it will prove to be beneficial in the long run. "This will level the playing field between patients and providers," he explained. "Our fundamental belief is that an educated consumer is the best patient."
For now, much of that education is coming from a single source: the World Wide Web. There are an estimated 25,000 American health care Web sites. Dr. Nash noted that seniors use the Internet primarily to access these sites.
He said that information tools like the Internet are helping to shape physicians' future role as "master educators." While many physicians currently see patient education as their main function, he predicted that physicians' educator role will grow exponentially as even more patients access information, particularly over the Internet.
What should physicians be doing to cope with the flood of Internet information their patients bring? Dr. Nash offered several tips to help physicians connect with patients:
- Know what your patients are reading. To fully understand the depth of what resources are available on the Web, surf the Internet yourself. "This will allow you to speak with some authority to patients," Dr. Nash said.
- Become proactive. Use the Web to educate your patients. Start by creating educational materials for your patients.
- Focus on quality. Use the Web as a quality improvement tool by collecting clinical data, patient satisfaction results and functional status information on patients.
"In the near future, providers will be able to demonstrate how they have improved in their care of their patients," Dr. Nash said.
For information on "Connecting with the New Healthcare Consumer: Defining Your Strategy," call McGraw-Hill Health Care at 800-262-4729.
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Stone fountain was a variant spell of towerfall, which quite simply lifted and knocked over huge stone structures, like castle towers, bridges, and city walls. Stone fountain extended this power to hurling the debris across the land. For example, a stone structure could be lifted up to three times its height into the air and thrown back down again, launching stone blocks in all directions except a 120° arc selected by the caster.
Inhil "Hurler-of-Stars" Lauthdryn, the Magister from 154 to 1294 DR, had a special love of blowing up castles, hence his creation of towerfall and stone fountain. He took the secrets of the spells to his grave in the Year of Deep Moon, 1294 DR.
- No other mechanical information is given in the source.
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The Faded Color of Empty Words
Advertising isn't working like it did a few years ago. You've noticed this, right?
Most advertisers are convinced that technology is to blame.
TV advertisers will tell you that TiVo and her sister Digital Video Recorders are blocking their television ads. But according to a recent report released by Leichtman Research Group, only 12 percent of American households own a DVR.
But TV ad results are down far more than 12 percent.
Radio advertisers will tell you that everyone is listening to iPods and satellite radio. But in truth, most of radio's loss has been in the 12 to 17 year-old age group. These pre-adults are now spending only 51 quarter-hours per week listening to commercial radio, down from a zenith of 65 quarter-hours per week during the pre-Internet 80s and early 90s. The rest of us are listening about as much as we ever did. We wake up to radio alarm clocks and listen at work and in our cars. Overall, the audience for commercial radio has declined only about 4 percent over the past 3 years.
But Radio ad results are down far more than 4 percent.
Online news aggregators gather worldwide news for us and deliver it instantly to our desktops. Traditional Newspaper subscriptions are at an all-time low and so are Newspaper ad results. But the results are declining faster than subscriptions.
Yes, technology is to blame. But not in the way that you think.
I'm paid according to how much my clients grow, remember? So I don't really care what the problem is. My job is to find it and fix it.
Here's what I've discovered, tested and proved:
1: Internet surfing has trained us to disregard empty words.
2: Relevance has become more important than repetition.
Bottom line: Meaningful messages are working better than ever, especially when the fundamental premise of your ad is clearly stated in the opening line. Ads full of unsupported claims and overworked “image-building” phrases are being rejected before they ever enter the brain. So say what matters. Say it tight, say it true.
The audience is still there. What's gone is their willingness to pay attention to drivel.
You spend about a minute each day going though the mail delivered by the Post Office, right? Before Yahoo and Google came along, those 6 minutes each week constituted your total weekly exercise in the high-speed evaluation of content. But now you're spending more than a quarter-hour per day scanning search engine results and web pages for relevant, meaningful, salient information. These daily quarter-hours are teaching you – and your customers – to more quickly recognize and disregard word-fluff and other irrelevant information. We're learning to filter out hyperbole and empty phrases.
Is this beginning to make sense to you?
To make your advertising work like it should, you're going to have to:
1. Talk about things your customer actually cares about.
2. Write your ads in a style that rings true.
3. Avoid heroic chest thumping. “We are the number one…” is now considered gauche and passé.
4. Close the loopholes in your ads. Offer evidence to support what you say.
5. Be specific. Details are more believable than generalities.
6. Deliver a real message. Substance is more important than style.
Creativity and repetition can no longer cover up the fact that an advertiser has nothing to say. You've got to have a message that matters.
Roy H. Williams
10 Hours of detailed training by the Wizard of Ads on Ad Writing – including numerous ads conceptualized, written, edited and discussed – are currently headed into production on DVD. Order this helpful new series pre-publication and save 500 dollars. These exclusive, recorded training sessions will begin in about a week. And just ONE SEAT is left at the table for a student who would like to be an actual participant. The chance of a lifetime. Not likely to ever come again.
Are you interested in writing fiction or screenplays? David Freeman's once-a-year class happens this month. Check it out.
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There are e-mails in circulation stating that some magazines had surprisingly predicted the epidemic of Influenza A (H1N1) years in advance. I immediately remembered an excellent book, The Coming Plague by Laurie Garrett, a journalist who won the Pulitzer Award for his work in epidemics.
In this book, besides discussing a number of very dangerous epidemics, [...]
If you think that all problems are solved after you have read all about the long vaccine production, you’re wrong. There is still the issue of distribution:
As the vaccine manufacturing process is slow and continuous, it is not possible to produce enough doses for everyone. Nowadays, our yearly vaccine production is of 700 to 900 [...]
Vincent Racaniello is a professor at the Microbiology department in Columbia University. He is extremely engaged with scientific disclosure on virology. Racaniello is also one of the authors of the book “Principles of Virology” and he could not continue transmitting such content only in books.
His blog, Virology, contains regular texts [...]
In the next text we shall see how Influenza can be transmitted by air. Now we shall see the role of contact in its transmission.
Transmission of Influenza by contact can be direct or indirect. Direct contact occurs when we come in contact with the secretions of a sick person and we place our hands on [...]
Where do the name H1N1 and all the other names come from? What determines the number of H and N?
Established by WHO in1980 , the nomenclature of Influenza A consists of: type of host, in case the virus has not been isolated from humans; geographical region of origin; number of lineage; year of isolation and; [...]
In another comment to bring about important discussions on the flu Leonardo asked the following:
I was taking a look at the dates of pandemics: don’t you think these re-arrangements are a little bit connected to agriculture industrialization? Mainly to pigs and poultry farming? Packs full of antibiotics and vaccines? Isn’t it a favorable condition for [...]
I received a comment from Paulo Amaral with amazing questions, leading me to advance this post. As follows, you can find the questions and the answer explaining what is relevant:
Would the annual vaccination against flu be liable for the low number of reports in elders?
What is the efficacy of the vaccine produced by mettles of [...]
In the previous text, I addressed why it is difficult to develop antivirals, here we will understand the characteristics of the influenza virus that worries us.
Where do viruses come from and what makes them more or less dangerous?
The virus that infects us may already be with us during our evolutive history, [...]
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Here are some sobering statistics for entrepreneurs. In 2011, more than 400,000 new business entities were launched in the United States, but 34% of those companies are now out of business. Two years from now, less than half will still be around. By 2018 only 30% will have survived.
What’s behind these failure rates? In many cases it’s a lack of salesmanship, says Waverly Deutsch, clinical professor of entrepreneurship at Chicago Booth. Each year, as coach for Booth’s annual business plan competition, the Edward L. Kaplan, ’71, New Venture Challenge, she watches students create new businesses, many of which fail to thrive or quickly close. These entrepreneurs all think they have something unique to offer the market, but they often fail to grasp that selling is the heart of any commercial enterprise, she says. It’s simple: without sales, there is no income and no way to keep a company alive.
“Let’s be honest,” Deutsch says. “Many entrepreneurs are inventors, engineers, or numbers people, and they are just more comfortable working alone in an environment they can control.” Entrepreneurs often believe their new product or service is so exceptional that their customers will seek them out to acquire it. And like most people, entrepreneurs are uncomfortable with ambiguity, and selling involves a lot of it.
Instead of selling, entrepreneurs turn their energies to every other aspect of running their new companies. They conduct surveys, design prototypes, and tinker with their products until they are perfect, following the advice of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who said, “Build a better mousetrap and the world will beat a path to your door.”
“With all due deference to one of America’s greatest thinkers, that is absolutely the worst advice ever given to entrepreneurs,” Deutsch warns.
When entrepreneurs do tackle sales, they often do so indirectly, by investing time and money into activities they believe will be enough to bring in customers and profits. They create a trade show exhibit, for example, or put money into key-word advertising, or they might spend late nights perfecting a press release. Those activities may make potential customers aware of the product, but they do not constitute selling.
To survive, entrepreneurs need to sell, says Deutsch. For the sales shy, she has some definitions, and a plan.
But wait, there’s more!
Say “sales,” and many people think of used car salesmen, the Home Shopping Network, and television infomercials, where theatrical advertising pitchmen say things like, “But wait, there’s more!” Deutsch, who earned a PhD in theater history with a focus on 19th-century productions, knows more than the average person about theatrics. But she also knows that there’s more to sales than pitching products on the Atlantic City boardwalk.
Selling, says Deutsch, is the process of building a relationship with the customer. It’s the opportunity to understand the needs of the marketplace in order to improve merchandise, programs, and services to meet those needs. Selling establishes and extends an entrepreneur’s network of people and contacts, laying the groundwork for early orders and trial customers.
Selling is different than marketing, she emphasizes. Marketing is what you do to get potential clients to notice you. Selling, by contrast, is the one-to-one conversation a business has with a potential customer that determines whether the business has a product that solves a problem for the client. It’s also what a company does to move a prospective customer to make a purchase. You cross the line that separates marketing from sales the moment you engage with an individual potential customer, says Deutsch.
The right ratio
How much time, budget, and energy to devote to selling depends on the way a business goes to market. Deutsch asserts that there are five go-to-market models: relationship, retail, internet, channel, and embedded. Each requires a different sales-to-marketing investment ratio, defined as the amount of resources that should be devoted to each.
Businesses that use the relationship model include firms in consulting and enterprise software, as well as providers of heavy equipment, such as airplanes and tractors. For these companies, each contract is unique and results from intensive ongoing communication directly between a seller and client. Because of that, the sales-to-marketing investment ratio will be as high as 80:20.
Retail businesses, on the other hand, typically deal in products that don’t require customization or extensive training. When a person walks into a store or restaurant, or surfs a website, she has self-identified as a potential customer already primed for a sale. The hard part for a retailer is getting that potential buyer to come to that particular shop or website in the first place. For this reason, Deutsch puts the sales-to-marketing ratio for retail establishments anywhere from 40:60 for more involved purchases like appliances or cars to as little as 10:90 for grocers and restaurateurs.
Internet businesses—such as ecommerce, content, and gaming sites—tend to use social media and searches to raise their profiles. But they face a lot of competition, and a huge geographic area in which to sell, which requires intense efforts to get prospective customers to their websites. High marketing budgets drive traffic, but website design and product offerings have to do a lot of the selling once a customer arrives. A typical sales-to-marketing ratio for internet businesses is 20:80, says Deutsch.
Businesses using relationship, retail, or internet go-to-market models are interacting directly with their customers. That’s not the case for channel companies, which sell their products through wholesalers, manufacturers’ reps, distributors, or retail partners. Think Sony, Kraft, and Whirlpool, which have dual sales jobs. They use marketing tactics such as advertising and promotions to drive awareness and demand among consumers, but their direct sales force also has to convince distributors and retailers to buy their products and give them maximum shelf exposure. Channel-reliant businesses could use a 40:60 or 30:70 sales-to-marketing investment ratio, according to Deutsch.
Lastly, there are some companies in industries such as contract manufacturing, service subcontracting, and parts supply that operate completely behind the scenes, whose brand names are rarely known to end consumers. These firms’ offerings become part of other companies’ solutions so they go to market in what Deutsch calls the embedded model. Embedded selling typically leads to long-term, customized contracts. An automotive glass supplier may spend years developing relationships with key decision-makers at Honda, Ford, and Volvo, putting money into research and development to meet the specific needs of each car company, and only closing a sale when a car company is confident in the supplier’s reliability. For embedded firms, selling is paramount, and the sales-to-marketing ratio can be as high as 90:10.
The four-step process
Some large, established companies use several go-to-market models. Apple, for example, uses a retail model to sell to consumers, an internet model to deliver software and music, and a channel model to sell through partners such as Best Buy. It also has a large, professional sales force; the budget to promote products and services at high-profile events; and money to spend on broad-scale advertising efforts. Entrepreneurs, of course, have none of that, making it critical that they focus on one go-to-market model to start with. To help them, Deutsch and Craig Wortmann, clinical professor of entrepreneurship at Chicago Booth, devised a four-step method to teach entrepreneurs, regardless of their go-to-market models, how to sell.
First, select the right group of people to target. However obvious this may seem—after all, how can you sell without knowing your audience?—having a large number of potential market segments can paralyze or confuse a new business-owner. Most entrepreneurs believe that every person on the planet could benefit from his or her products or services, says Deutsch, but this lack of focus can be fatal. When a business attempts to cater to a diverse group, it could end up trying to tailor its product to each potential customer, which in turn will make the whole business unprofitable.
Deutsch and Wortmann cite the example of a company that sold integration technology, used to enable disparate computer systems to work together. The owner pitched the software to a food producer, as well as to a printing company, high-tech firm, and insurance giant. Consequently the company got bogged down customizing the technology for each client.
An entrepreneur should first define a target group of customers, say the researchers. To do that, the business-owner should identify the specific problem a product solves, then list a group of potential customers that have some common buying habits and needs. According to Deutsch, successful entrepreneurs must be able to deliver value quickly to this first group of customers, while considering the spin-off possibilities. Professors Deutsch and Wortmann point to a start-up that sold technology used to predict equipment failure on airplanes. That company focused on the airline industry at first, then, once it had established credibility with sensor monitoring, the owner turned his attention to selling that same technology to utilities firms to monitor equipment in their plants.
Second, engage a prospective customer by talking directly with the potential buyer. An entrepreneur should start with her own network, which includes people most likely to listen, provide feedback, and ultimately buy. While many entrepreneurs stop there, cold calling makes them stronger and smarter, say Deutsch and Wortmann, as the feedback teaches them about their own products. While learning about what needs they are or aren’t meeting, they can also begin to gather data about the types of cold calls that result in potential clients.
Once engaged, potential clients need to be “qualified,” which is how an entrepreneur determines the seriousness of a prospective customer while politely holding his or her interest. However daunting it may seem to ask probing questions, Deutsch says, a seller needs to find out who the decision-maker is, how long it can take for him or her to make that decision, and what kind of budget is available. Identify as quickly as possible if there is a potential fit, says Deutsch. If there isn’t, move on.
“High-performance selling is a proper combination of knowledge, skill, and discipline,” Wortmann adds. “Skills like handling objections and qualifying prospects, and disciplines like getting into and out of conversations efficiently and effectively, are critical but often neglected lessons that entrepreneurs must learn.”
Third, make a match between the seller’s value proposition and the needs of the client. Before having a conversation, research the prospective customer. Allow that potential client to articulate her needs, budget, timeframe, and goals. Then determine if the needs match up with what you, the seller, have to offer.
Many entrepreneurs find it difficult to begin such conversations, to ask the open-ended questions needed to get helpful answers, and to give the prospective client time to analyze her business needs. Entrepreneurs often get excited and overpromise, or are willing to make too many changes to make a sale, says Deutsch. But bad news travels fast, and if you fail to meet an early customer’s needs, that will hurt your reputation and be far worse for the future than failing to make a deal. (See "Relationship advice for suppliers" for more about this issue.)
Ultimately, the information you garner from a good conversation should find its way into any business proposal you submit to the prospective customer. Make a proposal concise, and use language that the customer used in conversation. The proposal should include the key points that were established in the conversation along with an already-agreed-upon price.
Finally, close the deal. It’s surprising how many new business-owners miss this critical step, assuming that a conversation that went well will automatically produce a sale, Deutsch says. If a proposal has been well-researched and carefully constructed, politely ask whether the prospect is ready to move forward. If the answer is no, don’t get discouraged, says Deutsch. Instead, ask more questions, and leave the door open for a later conversation.
Success not guaranteed
If these steps don’t bring success, it may be that a seller’s value proposition isn’t as great as she thought it was, say the professors. Or it may be that the start-up is pushing into an oversaturated area of the economy. According to The Illusions of Entrepreneurship by Scott Shane of Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, nearly 20% of new businesses started in the United States in 2004 were in retail, although retail only represents 6% of the economy. That mismatch continues, and produces high failure rates.
The next most popular sector for start-ups is professional and technical services, followed by accommodation and food services (hotels, motels, and restaurants), financial and real estate services, arts and entertainment, and construction. All of these are overrepresented compared with each industry’s share of the economy. But budding entrepreneurs, take note: the four most underserved industries in the United States are manufacturing, wholesale trade, health care/social assistance, and transportation/warehousing.
Deutsch is using Shane’s findings in her current research, which looks at the failure and success rates of start-ups using each of the five go-to-market models. Using data from a survey conducted annually by the Kauffman Foundation for Entrepreneurship, she finds that the odds of becoming the next Facebook are pretty low, as only 15% of new internet businesses survive past six years. By contrast, nearly half of start-ups using the embedded model are still open six years after launch. Companies using the channel model are also doing well, with 43% still around after six years. The data suggests that once these companies get their products on store shelves, they seem to be past the danger stage and tend to survive.
Deutsch is still gathering data, looking at how the 2008 economic crash and more recent recovery has affected failure and success rates. But entrepreneurs shouldn’t wait for her to conclude her research before they begin implementing her findings. A business-owner needs to think more about sales in all respects, she says. Selling is as important as having a great idea in the first place.
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Today we received reports of attempted SSL man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks against Google users, whereby someone tried to get between them and encrypted Google services. The people affected were primarily located in Iran. The attacker used a fraudulent SSL certificate issued by DigiNotar, a root certificate authority that should not issue certificates for Google (and has since revoked it).
Google Chrome users were protected from this attack because Chrome was able to detect the fraudulent certificate.
To further protect the safety and privacy of our users, we plan to disable the DigiNotar certificate authority in Chrome while investigations continue. Mozilla also moved quickly to protect its users. This means that Chrome and Firefox users will receive alerts if they try to visit websites that use DigiNotar certificates.
To help deter unwanted surveillance, we recommend that users, especially those in Iran, keep their web browsers and operating systems up to date and pay attention to web browser security warnings.
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Sarah Spear received her J.D. in May 2006 from Florida Coastal School of Law, and is now pursuing an L.L.M in Taxation, also at FCSL. She received her B.S. in English Literature with a minor in Financial Economics from Vanderbilt University in 2003. In law school, Sarah served as a Research Assistant for Professor Alexander Moody, assisting him with gathering empirical data relating to Delaware appraisal rights. Additionally, Sarah served as recruitment officer for the United Way’s Real Sense Prosperity Campaign and the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (“VITA”) Program. Before entering law school, Sarah worked for U.S. Senator Bob Graham as a Constituent Advocate in the fields of Social Security and Medicare.
- #terminology”>II. The Basics
- #federal%20statutes”>A#anda”>B#litigating”>C#primary”>IV. Other Primary Sources
- #books”>. Books
- #perodicals”>. Periodicals
- #case%20law”>. Case Law
- #secondary”>VI. #conclusion”>VII. Conclusion
- I. Introduction
Food and drug production has been regulated by the United States since 1906. The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) is one of the oldest consumer protection agencies in this country. The FDA protects the public from unsafe foods and drugs to medical devices and cosmetics. It also protects the rights and safety of patients in clinical trials of new medical products.
The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly known as the Hatch-Waxman Act (“Act”), was passed to expedite the FDA’s approval of generic drugs. Studies show that since its inception, the Act increased the number of generic drugs by 50%, with almost every leading drug, off-patent, competing with at least two generic brands. The generic drug industry has become a multi-billion dollar industry.
The Act attempts to increase competition and drive down drug prices while simultaneously maintaining the brand name drug companies’ incentive to invest in new research. It is arguable that the Act has achieved its purpose. Brand name drug companies (“Branders”), however, are fighting to retain their monopoly on patents. These Branders have found loopholes in the Act by which they extend their patents and tie up generic approval. To put the story in context, one week of patent extension translates into hundreds of millions of dollars for Branders. In response, legislators are fighting to close these loopholes and to lower healthcare costs. This paper is a research guide for individuals interested in the generic pharmaceutical industry, whether it is a consumer, chemist, consultant or attorney. The rise in healthcare costs and the inclusion of prescription drug coverage by the Medicare Program are just two of the catalysts for this growing field. This paper guides individuals to current laws, regulations, cases and news-worthy articles concerning the industry. Furthermore, the paper explores public policy arguments and political rhetoric surrounding generic pharmaceuticals.
a. TerminologY: The amount of time you spend searching a subject is decreased when the correct spelling and terminology are employed. When I first started searching the internet and library cataloging systems, I grew frustrated because the search yielded an unfocused result. I have included the following search terms to help you with your search and allow you to supplement this pathfinder with updated searches. Here are the Trigger Words: (1) generic drug, (2) pharmaceutical drug, (3) Hatch-Waxman Act, (4) pharmaceutical patent, (5) abbreviated new drug application, (6) generic pharmaceutical, and (7) pharmaceutical patent extension.
By today’s standards a thorough search begins with Google. It’s true, Google’s search engine yields a plethora of websites, information and advertisements. Many of the hits, however, will be worthless to your research. Nevertheless, begin your search with Google and if you see any interesting sites, click on the link.
A word of advice: if a website ends in “.gov,” it is government sponsored, “.org,” organizationally sponsored, “.edu,” school sponsored, and “.com” is a catch-all. Be careful to evaluate the websites to make sure you are not receiving any false or misleading information.
I would suggest you arm yourself with a background and history of the industry before you dive into particularized research. A wealth of knowledge as to patents, generic drugs and the regulation of the industry can be found on www.fda.gov. FDA.gov contains links to the Orange Book, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (“CDER”), and the majority of information that anyone would need. The website also provides a Drug Information Pathfinder.
To search for books, use the Amazon.com. It is nice to search Amazon before going to your local library because a search yields the most popular and current books in the market. Additionally, you can browse the books online before searching for the hard copy. The search on Amazon will also yield journal articles and periodicals that you can order for a low price without having to subscribe to the journal.
1. The Consumer
Start your search on FDA.gov. The website provides links to information on drugs, pricing, generics, recalls and public safety. If you would like facts about any drug on the market, whether over-the-counter or prescription, you should visit the Division of Drug Information Website, accessible through FDA.gov. If you would like information on how to participate in a clinical study or how to gain access to unapproved drugs you can visit www.clinicaltrials.gov.
2. The Chemist
Start your search on FDA.gov. The homepage provides links to the Orange Book that contains a complete listing of the drugs approved by the FDA and their active ingredients. If the chemist is interested in submitting either a new drug application or an abbreviated new drug application, the best site for information is the through the Drug Information Pathfinder. The Pathfinder contains links to the drug review process and drug development. The FDA homepage also contains a link to clinical trial research and guidance documents pertaining to the FDA’s approval process.
3. The Attorney
Start by researching Westlaw and LexisNexis using the III. Governing Law
1. The Constitution
A patent is a property right granted by the United States Government. The Government is authorized to grant patents by Article I, section 8 of the Constitution, which reads, “Congress shall have the power….to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.”
2. United States Code Title 35 – Patents – http://www.uspto.gov. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) promotes the progress of science and the useful arts by securing for limited time to inventors the exclusive right to their respective discoveries. This government sponsored website provides useful information on patents, filing documents, forms, and links to the laws governing patents. These links take you to the most current and updated patent laws.
3. Title 37 Code of Federal Regulations Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights – http://www.uspto.gov. This is the same website that provides the U.S.C. statutes as described above. The Code of Federal Regulations can be accessed via the USPTO website. The USPTO administers patent laws as they relate to the granting of patents for inventions.
4. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act – http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/fdcact/fdctoc.htm. This Act gives the FDA the authority to govern and regulate food, drug, and cosmetic labeling. The FDA is the government agency in charge of regulating drugs, food and other products to ensure consumer safety. The FDA website is government sponsored and provides links to the Agencies organized under the FDA, i.e., the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and the Office of Generic Drugs.
5. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman) codified as amended at 21 U.S.C.A. §355 and 35 U.S.C.A. §271(e) – http://www.fda.gov. The Hatch-Waxman Act can be accessed through the links provided on the FDA’s homepage. Additional information, guidance documents, and articles can be accessed via the CDER website, which is accessed by clicking “drugs” on the FDA’s website. The FDA website is government sponsored and the link is to the Act as amended.
An ANDA applicant must include a patent certification described in section 505(j)(2)(A)(vii) of the Hatch-Waxman Act codified as amended at 21 U.S.C.A. §355 and 35 U.S.C.A. §271(e). The certification must make one of the following statements: (I) no patent information on the drug product that is the subject of the ANDA has been submitted to FDA; (II) that such patent has expired; (III) the date on which such patent expires; or (IV) that such patent is invalid or will not be infringed by the manufacture, use, or sale of the drug product. A notice of the paragraph IV certification must be provided to each owner of the patent that is the subject of the certification and to the holder of the approved FDA patent to which the ANDA refers.
2. The Application – http://www.fda.gov/cder. The CDER has an incredible link to the Drug Information Pathfinder. This Pathfinder is divided into categories such as (1) generic drugs, (2) drug review process, (3) drug approval, and (4) drug development. The ANDA can be accessed from the CDER homepage or via the Office of Generic Drugs website, which is a link on the Pathfinder. Both links to the application provide guidance documents, laws, regulations, and electronic filing forms.
3. The Generic Drug (ANDA) Review Process – http://www.fda.gov/cder. The Office of Generic Drugs Homepage, which is accessible via the FDA homepage, provides a link to an interactive chart that diagrams the FDA’s review process. The website also describes, with particularity, the processes undertaken by the FDA to determine the safety and bioequivalence of generic products.
4. Guidance Documents – http://www.fda.gov/cder. Guidance Documents give consumers insight into the process and governance of the FDA. These documents can be accessed via the Office of Generic Drugs homepage and the CDER’s link to the ANDA. The guidance documents cover topics from advertising to clinical pharmacology. The FDA also encourages individuals to contact the FDA if they have any questions.
5. The Orange Book – http://www.fda.gov/cder/orange/default.htm. The Orange Book can be accessed from the FDA’s homepage; it is under “Quick Links.” The Orange Book is a yearly publication by the FDA and is a comprehensive list of drugs approved by the FDA. The Orange Book provides generic manufacturers with a list of approved drugs, the length of their patents, and the possibility of bio-equivalence studies.
Since the enactment of the Act, Branders have attempted to block the approval of generic patents in three primary ways: (1) the 180 Day Exclusivity Provision, (2) the 30 Month Automatic Stay, and (3) the Citizens’ Petition. Following is an analysis of the courts’ holdings and rationales. Note that in 2003 the 108th Congress enacted legislation, Title XI of H.R. 1, which amended the Act. The discussion below incorporates these Amendments.
2. Matthew Bender – http://bender.lexisnexis.com or Matthew Bender, Intellectual Property Counseling and Litigation, Part III “Litigating the Intellectual Property Case.” If you want to understand the litigation process of pharmaceutical patents, Matthew Bender Authority is a great place to start. It provides you with boilerplate language, checklists, and strategies. The resource is an invaluable outline of litigation procedures ranging from pre-filing discovery to damages. The resource also contains an appendix for local patent rules of practice. Other volumes that may be of help in preparing for litigation are: (1) American Jurisprudence Trial and (2) Proof of Fact. All three of these secondary sources can be found at your nearest law library.
3. 180 Day Exclusivity Provision
The first generic applicant to file a paragraph IV certification is awarded a 180-day exclusivity period by the FDA. Prior to the 2003 Amendments, this provision was abused by generic companies and Branders. For example, Branders would offer to pay the generic company a premium over what they would make in the market. In return, the generic company would not market the product and the exclusivity period would not initiate. Thus, other generic companies were blocked from entering the market because the exclusivity period never ran.
The 2003 Amendments, however, require abandonment of the 180 day exclusivity if marketing is not initiated within a regulated time frame. For more detailed information on how the FDA deals with the exclusivity period visit FDA.gov. Case Law includes Abbott Lab. v. Geneva Pharm., Andrx Pharm., Inc. v. Biovail Corp. Intern, and McGrew v. Schering-Plough Corp., all of which are cited within this pathfinder under the subsection “Case Law.”
4. The 30 Month Automatic Stay
If a Brander indicates its intent to bring a patent infringement suit, the FDA is prohibited from approving the drug for 30 months or until such time that the patent is found to be invalid. Prior to the 2003 Amendments, abuse of this provision occurred when the Branders amended and added to their listings in the Orange Book. Additional listings required the generic companies to file additional notices, which allowed the Branders to file additional infringement suits, thereby forcing another 30 month stay. The Amendments changed this procedure and now allow only one 30 month stay. Case law includes Mylan Pharm., Inc. v. Thompson and F.T.C v. Mylan Labs., Inc.
5. The Citizens’ Petition – The Citizens’ Petition gives ordinary citizens a voice in the FDA approval process. Oftentimes, however, the Branders themselves file the Citizen Petition to generate market attention. Branders have employed scare tactics and caused citizens to become alarmed or concerned about the safety or efficacy of certain generic drugs, prompting additional letters to the FDA. This has the effect of slowing the generic approval process as the scientific merits must be reviewed by the FDA. The Office of Chief Counsel must review the Citizens’ Petition along with the Office of Generic Drugs’ opinion to render a legal opinion. This process takes time and is a way for Branders to slow and block generic approval. For an example of this tactic, read the recent decision of Glaxo v. Leavitt & Roxane regarding the blockbuster drug Flonase®. Due to the 2003 Amendments’ crack down on the 180 day exclusivity petition and the 30 month automatic stay, the Citizens’ Petition has become the Branders’ tactic of choice. Recently, Scott Gottlieb, Deputy Commissioner for Medical and Scientific Affairs at the FDA gave a speech concerning the recent influx of Citizen’s Petitions. An excerpt from this speech, delivered on April 7, 2006, can be found in the Appendix of this paper.
6. CRS Issue Brief for Congress – www.library.piercelaw.edu: The Pierce College of Law contains one of the most prominent Intellectual Property databases online. The college is the premier cataloger and indexer of legal issues involving intellectual property. Anyone can use the database and you need not be a registered student to conduct a search throughout their extensive collection. This CRS Brief provides invaluable information on the current status of the Act. It also provides empirical data and studies on generic patents as gathered by the Federal Trade Commission. Additionally, the brief also provides summaries of the 2003 Amendments to the Act.
1. Beers, Donald O. Generic Drugs: A Guide to FDA Approval Requirements. Aspen Publishers. © 2004.
This book provides a complete reference to significant developments in FDA approval requirements, including extensive coverage of innovator drugs, the drug approval process, and patent term extensions. Additionally, it includes the full text of relevant statutes, regulations, FDA guidelines, memoranda, and correspondence, etc.
2. Voet, Martin A. The Generic Challenge: Understanding Patents, FDA, and Pharmaceutical Life-Cycle Management. Brown Walker Press. © 2005.
This book explains the role of patents, FDA regulations, and the Hatch-Waxman Act. The book suggests that improvements in innovative drug products will provide enhanced benefits to patients while extending the commercial lives of the drugs.
3. Hawthorne, Fran. Inside the FDA: The Business and Politics Behind the Drugs We Take and the Food We Eat. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. © 2005.
This book takes a closer look at the practices, people, and politics of the FDA in light of the competing pressures and trends of modern society. This book analyzes what the FDA is supposed to do, what it actually does, and what it fails to do.
4. Freedman, Yali. Building Biotechnology: Starting, Managing, and Understanding Biotechnology Companies. Biotech LLC. Amhurst, NY. © 2004.
Building Biotechnology gives a good overview of starting, managing, and understanding biotech companies. This book would be perfect for an entrepreneur, consultant, or attorney.
1. Intellectual Property and Technology Law Journal
2. Food and Drug Law Journal
3. Patent World
4. Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society
5. Pharmaceutical Law Insight
1. Abbot Lab. v. Geneva Pharm., 182 F.3d 1315, (9th Cir. 1999).
Patentee brought action against proposed competitors that filed ANDAs, alleging infringement of patent. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals held that a third party’s sales of claimed product prior to critical date rendered patent invalid.
2. Andrx Pharm., Inc. v. Biovail Corp. Intern., 256 F.3d 799, (C.A.D.C. 2001).
In an action challenging FDA approval of ANDA, generic drug manufacturer filed counterclaim against competitor alleging antitrust violations. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia held that the manufacturer’s complaint should not have been dismissed with prejudice. It remained possible for manufacturer to allege intent and preparedness to enter market, and hence injury-in-fact necessary to establish standing.
3. McGrew v. Schering-Plough Corp., 2001 WL 950790 (D. Kan. Aug. 6, 2001).
Plaintiff alleged violation of Kansas antitrust laws. Defendants removed the case to federal court on June 22, 2001. Plaintiff contends that such removal was improper, because the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. The court agreed, and denied defendants’ motion for an injunction.
Generic drug manufacturer moved for preliminary injunction ordering brand-name drug manufacturer to de-list its patent from the FDA “Orange-Book” and directing the FDA to approve its ANDA. The District Court held that the generic drug manufacturer was entitled to preliminary injunction since it demonstrated that the public interest favored granting the injunction, and that the balance of harms to the parties did not weigh against granting.
FTC and various states sued manufacturer of generic drugs and suppliers of active ingredients alleging violations of federal and state antitrust laws as a result of allegedly illegal licensing agreements allowing for allegedly excessive pricing of drugs. Defendants moved to dismiss. The District Court held that: (1) FTC could sue for monetary damages, as well as injunction; (2) states could not recover for excess payments for drugs made to competitors of named parties; (3) restitution and disgorgement were available under state statutes only when expressly provided for; (4) monopoly claim was stated; (5) claim of unreasonable restraint on trade was stated; (6) claim of price fixing was stated; and (7) distributor of active ingredients could be included in suit, even though not a signatory to allegedly illegal licensing agreements.
6. Glaxo v. Leavitt & Roxane, 2006 WL 453211 (D.Md. 2006).
Plaintiff Glaxo Group Ltd. (“GSK”) filed a Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order. The Court held that the balance of harms and the public interest clearly weigh in GSK’s favor. The court ordered that during the FDA’s review, the approval and any future approval by the FDA of an ANDA allowing the marketing and sale of a generic version of GSK’s Flonase® Nasal Spray shall be suspended.
1. Melody Wirz, Are Patents Really Limited to 20 Years? 1 Okla. J.L. & Tech 5 (2003). This paper explores the number of tactics used in the manipulation of patent terms, which includes extending patents through legislative loopholes and lobbying, initiating litigation alleging patent infringement, layering of patents and the combination of drugs to create new patents, as well as advertising and developing brand names to increase barriers for generic entry into the pharmaceutical market.
2. Laura J. Robinson, Analysis of Recent Proposals to Reconfigure Hatch-Waxman, 11 J. Intell. Prop. L. 47 (2003). This article discusses the rising costs of prescription medicines. As the prices of brand name prescription drugs rise, many citizens and politicians are pushing for legislative or regulatory changes that would increase access to more affordable generic alternatives. This article discusses public policy arguments in today’s political environment.
3. Robert D. Bajefsky & Gregory Chopskie, Biting the Hand that Feeds: Generic Drugs and Abuse of the Hatch-Waxman Law, 17 Legal Backgrounder 4 (2002). This article explores the tactics employed by the Branders and the attempts by Congress to combat the expanding loopholes.
1. Barry E. Bretschneider, No Way Out? Generic Pharmaceutical Companies’ Patents, 173 Pat. World 12 (2005). This article discusses the litigation resulting from the fight between Teva Pharmaceutical’s generic and Pfizer’s brand-name drug Zoloft. Pfizer had not sued for patent infringement or triggered the 30 month stay, yet Teva sued for a declatory judgment of non-infringement. The court denied the cause of action because Teva could not prove reasonable apprehension that Pfizer would sue and the case was not ripe for litigation.
2. Kathleen A. Tyrrell, Edward Greiff and Edward T. Lentz, Decisions from the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on Validity, Enforceability and Infringement of Pharmaceutical Patents, 75 J. Pat. & Trademark Off Soc’y 957 (1993). This article outlines cases decided by the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit from 1989 through 1992. Issues highlighted from the cases surveyed include obviousness, willfulness of infringement and inequitable conduct.
3. Stephanie Greene, A Prescription for Change: How the Medicare Act Revises Hatch Waxman to Speed Market Entry of Generic Drugs, 30 J. of Corp. L. 309 (2005). This law review article was written in 2005. It examines the loopholes and game playing by the innovator drug companies. It describes the 30 month stay and 180 day exclusivity abuse. Furthermore, the author discusses the new provision of the Medicare Act that President Bush has signed into being and how it combats these loopholes.
4. Strategies for Attacking and Defending Pharmaceutical Patents. Intellectual Property& Technology Law Journal Dec 2005 v17 i12 p5. This article includes court decisions concerning the pharmaceutical industry. In the first case, Purdue Pharma v. Endo Pharms, Oxycotin manufacturers were found guilty of making misleading statements to the patent office and their patents were rendered unenforceable. In Merck KGaA v. Integra LifeSciences I, Ltd., the Supreme Court endorsed a broad reading of the 35 U.S.C. 271(e)(1) safe harbor provision, which creates an experimental use exception that allows drug makers to use patented compounds “in research that, if successful, would be appropriate to include in a submission to the FDA.”
1. Pharmaceutical Patent Extension in Exchange for Promise of Cheaper Generics? http://patentlaw.typepad.com. This article provides a forum for the debate on generic drugs. The website combines proposed legislation with practitioners’ arguments and responses to that legislation. The website is a blog, so all information posted on the discussion board is not necessarily truthful or accurate. Nevertheless, the website provides interesting dialogue from many viewpoints.
2. Hurdles Block Generic Drugs – The Seattle Times is a reputable newspaper and their website provides links to their archive of articles. This article describes the tactics used by Branders as “procedural roadblocks to keep generics stuck in regulatory limbo.” The article provides the statistic that 150 Citizens’ Petitions were filed with the FDA in 2005; of the 150, generic drug applications were the subject of at least 43.
1. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) – http://www.phrma.org/news_room/. PhRMA represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies. This link is to PhRMA’s newsroom and is continually updated with information about the pharmaceutical industry. The website publishes yearly newsletters with information on all the new technology and innovation emerging from the pharmaceutical industry.
2. Generic Pharmaceutical Association (GPhA) – http://www.gphaonline.org. The Generic Pharmaceutical Association provides a link to all their press releases. Many of their press releases make it into court opinions and holdings. This is a wonderful resource for the attorney in preparation for litigation. It also helps to stay current on the position of the major lobbying groups.
3. Patients Not Patents – http://www.patientsnotpatents.org/. This website is a wonderful resource for attorneys interested in the work of Jeffrey Light, a graduate of Georgetown University Law Center. The major activity of Patients not Patents is challenging the validity of medical patents before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. This website tracks patents currently in litigation.
5. Cato Institute – www.cato.org. Thomas J. Philipson, Between vs. Within-Patent Competition: Name-Brand Drug Competition May Have More Effect on Innovative Returns and Prices Than Generic Competition, 26 Cato Inst. 42 (2003). The Cato Institute is a non-profit public policy research foundation that conducts research projects so as to increase the public forum and debate on pressing issues throughout the United States. The Cato Institute conducts research on a broad range of topics from the government to health care. Attorneys or Chemists should reference the website and link to the FDA and pharmaceutical drugs subtopic.
I hope that this pathfinder aids individuals interested in the pharmaceutical industry. The industry provides an interesting forum for debate as well as endless amounts of jobs. In today’s society, the independent contractor has a unique opportunity to capitalize on the pharmaceutical industry. One can create a particularized specialty and carve out a niche in this market. The more informed one is on the political rhetoric and the status of the FDA, the easier it will be to take advantage of the opportunities.
I enjoyed my research on this topic because the case law is new, the articles are opinionated, and the laws are changing. President Bush’s agenda includes many changes to the FDA and the generic pharmaceutical industry. Generic drugs increase competition among the pharmaceutical companies and ultimately drive prices down for the consumer. Many big businesses, like Ford and Delta, need this type of price reduction because their payouts for family healthcare plans have become unmanageable.
Branders are some of the leading lobbyists in today’s society. Their wealth allows them to carry a heavy hand in Washington, D.C. As the generic industry grows, they too will have the funds with which to lobby. The legislation pending is uncertain, and this pathfinder serves to provide you with the tools capable of staying at the forefront of these changes. For any additional questions, please feel free to e-mail me at [email protected].
Note: this is an excerpt from the speech and is does not represent the entire speech.
It’s a pleasure to be here with you today and to continue to learn about all of the ways that the generic drug industry’s tremendous progress is helping patients get access to better, more affordable care. At FDA, one of our highest priorities is to enable this progress. As a practicing physician, I am well aware of the enormous contribution to our nation’s health by the more than twelve thousand medications on the market for which American patients will spend an estimated $248 billion last year. I know first-hand some of the improvements in health that have been made possible by the introduction and appropriate use of better medications.
The price of a generic drug can be as low as 20 percent of the price of the brand name product it mimics, according to our analysis of IMS data that is being posted today to our website. Most of these price reductions occur after only two or three generics enter the market. Further, generics are a large and growing part of total medicine use. Newly-completed analysis by FDA shows that about two-thirds of all prescription drugs used in the U.S. in 2004 was generic according to IMS data on U.S. retail sales. Generic drugs represented 66.4 percent of the total prescription doses (extended units) sold in 2004, compared with 61 percent in 2001. Generic drugs are going to continue to grow in importance. According to IMS, brand name medication with annual sales of approximately $64 billion will come off patent in the next 5 years.
The Office of Generic Drugs receives about 40 to 50 first generic submissions a year and has a very strong record of timely approvals for the first generic to reach the market after the parties resolve any patent issues. These first generics have the greatest impact on the market and the public health. They can significantly reduce costs to patients. We promptly review and approve these first generics. Generic companies often receive our approval to market their products on the same day that any patents or exclusivities expire.
Moreover, even after the FDA issued a tentative approval, some potentially important generic drugs have remained unavailable because of legal challenges. In particular, the process of filing citizen’s petitions has come under attack recently by some who assert that sometimes “frivolous” petitions are being used solely to delay the generic approval process.
On that issue, we believe these petitions provide the public an invaluable tool for getting good scientific arguments in front of FDA, and we do not support efforts to close off this important route of dialogue. But we are also looking at ways to make additional improvements in our process for handling these petitions, to make sure that they don’t inappropriately delay entry of legitimate generic drugs because of inefficiencies in our own process.
We are also going to take a strong stand against sponsors who use the litigation process to cast doubts about the generic drug approval process through overly aggressive PR that undermines our finding of safety and effectiveness. Legal battles shouldn’t be allowed to spill out of the courtroom and into the doctor-patient environment and stoke patients’ fears.
The Office is also exploring expediting the review of first generic applications for which there are not patent or other issues that would delay full approval. This approach would focus scarce review efforts on applications that can be approved and made available sooner to the American public. Since the goal is to get generic drug products into the marketplace more quickly, after appropriate patents have expired, it is more effective to focus efforts on reviewing applications that can be approved and marketed while reviewing other applications closer to the time the products could actually be marketed.
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If body language is an indicator, then Mehmet Ali Talat, leader of breakaway northern Cyprus for the past five years, knows he faces an uphill challenge.
When his campaign bus arrived in the centre of the coastal town of Kyrenia on Tuesday night, he looked weary as he stood up, put on his jacket and prepared to meet his waiting supporters.
The signs do not look good for him. Opinion polls suggest that Mr Talat's main rival, Prime Minister Dervis Eroglu, is likely to win when Turkish Cypriots go the polls on Sunday.
That is not to say that Mr Talat's supporters are throwing in the towel. Far from it. "There was a fantastic grass-roots revolution when he came to power," said Emine, a university student, "and we want to keep that revolution alive until Cyprus is reunited".
The problem is, as the Kyrenia election rally showed, the revolutionary spirit is fading. The turnout was poor, the applause lacklustre.
The broad support from all sectors and classes of society that Mr Talat once attracted was missing.
So what has gone wrong? Mr Talat came to power promising change after years of stagnation under the leadership of the veteran nationalist Rauf Denktash.
Cyprus has been divided since 1974, when Turkish troops invaded in response to a military coup backed by the junta ruling Greece at the time. The breakaway north is not recognised internationally.
Mr Talat committed himself to forging closer ties with Europe and reuniting Cyprus. He failed on both counts.
To be fair, circumstances conspired against him. The European Union promised to ease trade restrictions after Turkish Cypriots voted in a referendum in 2004 to accept a UN plan to reunite Cyprus - a plan that Greek Cypriots overwhelmingly rejected.
But the Republic of Cyprus, an EU member, blocked the easing of the embargo on the north.
Settlers from mainland
At the same time, reunification talks dragged on, meeting the same old obstacles that have prevented progress in previous rounds of negotiations.
Nevertheless, many Turkish Cypriots believe Mr Talat has let down the community, becoming aloof and dictatorial.
"The pro-solution people are punishing Talat," says civil society activist Ali Erel. "Basically, he lost contact with them, with civil society in the streets. He cut them out and said he didn't need them any more - he alone would deliver."
Also working against Mr Talat was the demographic trend.
An increasing proportion of the population of northern Cyprus consists of mainland Turks who have settled on the island.
The settlers oppose reunification because any deal, at Greek Cypriot insistence, would involve the deportation of many of them.
Those opposing unification along the lines that Mr Talat has been pursuing have found an ally in Mr Eroglu.
His vision of a solution to the Cyprus problem is based on the creation of a confederation, with separate and loosely-linked Greek and Turkish Cypriot states.
His supporters, like former foreign minister Vedat Celik, say this is the only realistic answer: "We cannot accept a unified state or the Greek claim that we are all Cypriots as one people," he says. "These two communities have never merged, there are no inter-marriages."
The view of Mr Celik and others is that most Cypriots - Greek as well as Turkish - are happy with the current state of affairs: a divided island where the two communities live peacefully apart.
If that is the case, then why all the international fuss about Cyprus? The answer is that the island's fate is directly linked to Turkey's aspiration to join the EU.
In the view of Nicosia-based analyst Hubert Faustman, if Mr Eroglu comes to power and reunification talks fail, then Europe will blame Turkey - the real power in northern Cyprus.
The result would be a significant increase in "pressure on Ankara to deliver on its commitments to the EU - in particular to open up its ports and airports to the Republic of Cyprus. It could mean a stalemate in Turkey's EU negotiations."
Aside from Turkey's fate, Sunday's election in northern Cyprus could force Cypriots, too, to start facing harsh truths.
"If reunification talks fail," a European diplomat said, "then at some point in the future the international community could decide to walk away, on the grounds that there is no evidence that the two communities really want to make the compromises needed to live together."
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Cut, Drawn, Painted
Margaret Thatcher Projects is pleased to present Cut, Drawn, Painted, an exhibition of works on paper by the artists Frank Badur, Jaq Belcher, Libby Black, Adam Fowler, Rainer Gross, Tad Mike, Barbara Takenaga, Winston Roeth and Nan Swid. Cuts that appear drawn (Jaq Belcher); drawings that are cut (Adam Fowler); and three-dimensional still-lifes delicately constructed out of paper, hot glue and paint (Libby Black), are just a few examples of how these artists blur techniques and ultimately highlight paper as a medium that is malleable, versatile and yielding.
Jaq Belcher and Adam Fowler start with the same tools: a sheet of bright white paper and pencil. They continue with an X-ACTO knife and countless blades, but their similarities end there. Adam Fowler’s cuts remove the negative space from his drawings of swirling lines for a result that approaches the realm of sculpture and immediately draws you in to take a closer look. Jaq Belcher’s drawings are formed by strategic cuts and folds, often numbering in the tens of thousands. Her large geometric and dynamic compositions make a game out of angles of light and shadow that hit her composition and ultimately carve out intricate patterns that reference a natural phenomena in shape and form.
This rhythmic hum is continued in the visual abstractions of the artists Barbara Takenaga, Frank Badur, Winston Roeth and Tad Mike. Barbara Takenaga‘s meticulous paintings invite the viewer to explore an asymmetric ordering of the universe. Her horizons radiate with energy and recall constellations and galaxies in constant shift. Both Winston Roeth and Frank Badur present abstractions of the grid, packed with subtle deviations that vibrate towards the viewer. Tad Mike’s lyrical abstractions document the artist’s sensitivity to nature. Working en plein air, Mike creates his own inks and watercolors and uses organic materials such a the stem of a leaf, flowers or a blade of glass as his brush to give life to his harmonic, lyrical and intuitive drawings.
Rainer Gross’s Logo series abstracts symbols of our contemporary, globalized landscape, sharply cropping them and treating them as the worshipped icons of our society. His surfaces are cracked, cakey and crisp, formed in a controlled and spontaneous manner honed through his Contact paintings.
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According to new research released by Euromonitor International, worldwide consumption of alcoholic beverages declined by 0.7 percent in 2015. It’s the first time the firm has tracked a decrease in global alcohol sales since it began monitoring figures in 2001. Ukraine recorded the biggest decline worldwide, buying 17 percent less alcohol in 2015 than it did in 2014. China, which represents the world’s largest alcoholic drinks market, saw a decline of 3.5 percent. But not everyone is buying less booze.
North America is the one notable exception. In 2015, the U.S. bought 30.6 billion liters of alcohol—up from 29.8 billion liters in 2014. Compared to other continents, North America has had a stronger economy. The popularity of microbreweries and the craft beer movement has given alcohol sales a big boost in the states, too, said Euromonitor International’s senior alcoholic drinks analyst Spiros Malandrakis.
“While terms such as authenticity and craftsmanship are losing traction, the trajectories of sophistication, moderation, perceived exotic credentials, accessibility and restrained yet grounded aspirational attributes remain the key driving forces fuelling pockets of buoyancy,” says Malandrakis.
Across the globe, people are looking for more premium quality, complex spirits—even if they’re drinking less. Sales of tequila and mezcal grew to about 275 million liters in 2015 from about 263 million liters in 2014, and sales of bourbon and other U.S. whiskey grew to 335 million liters from 322 million liters. Sales of cognac grew to almost 104 million liters from about 99 million liters. Global sales of wine grew to 27.9 billion liters from about 27.4 billion liters.
Whiskey in the U.S. is experiencing one of its biggest growth periods in history. According to state revenue data and the Kentucky Distillers’ Association, Kentucky bourbon production increased 44 percent over the past year—filling 1.9 million barrels in 2015, an all-time high over the last 48 years.
So what aren’t people drinking nowadays? Sales of vodka fell to about 3.2 billion liters in 2015 from about 3.3 billion liters in 2014, and sales of rum fell to 1.36 billion from about 1.38 billion liters. And despite losing market share, vodka is still the world’s most consumed spirit.
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Jet-lagged from a long overseas trip, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel had just sat down with his wife for a quiet dinner at an upscale Italian restaurant in northern Virginia when his phone rang. It was the White House on the line. President Barack Obama wanted to speak with him.
It was Aug. 30, 2013, and the U.S. military was poised for war. Obama had publicly warned Syrian strongman Bashar al-Assad that his regime would face consequences if it crossed a “red line” by employing chemical weapons against its own people. Assad did it anyway, and Hagel had spent the day approving final plans for a barrage of Tomahawk cruise missile strikes against Damascus. U.S. naval destroyers were in the Mediterranean, awaiting orders to fire.
Instead, Obama told a stunned Hagel to stand down. Assad’s Aug. 21chemical attack in a Damascus suburb had killed hundreds of civilians, but the president said the United States wasn’t going to take any military action against the Syrian government. The president had decided to ignore his own red line — a decision, Hagel believes, that dealt a severe blow to the credibility of both Obama and the United States.
“Whether it was the right decision or not, history will determine that,” Hagel told Foreign Policy in a two-hour interview, his first extensive public comments since he was forced out of his position in February.
“There’s no question in my mind that it hurt the credibility of the president’s word when this occurred.”
In the days and months afterward, Hagel’s counterparts around the world told him their confidence in Washington had been shaken over Obama’s suddenabout-face. And the former defense secretary said he still hears complaints to this day from foreign leaders.
“A president’s word is a big thing, and when the president says things, that’s a big deal,” he said.
Hagel, now that time has passed and he’s willing to discuss his tenure in office, cited the episode as an example of a White House that has struggled to formulate a coherent policy on Syria, holding interminable meetings that would often end without a decision, even as conditions on the ground worsened and the death toll grew steadily higher.
The 69-year-old former Nebraska senator and Vietnam War veteran, speaking for the first time about his treatment by the Obama administration, said the Pentagon was subject to debilitating meddling and micromanagement by the White House — echoing criticism made by his predecessors, Robert Gates and Leon Panetta.
Looking back on his tenure, Hagel said in the Dec. 10 interview that he remains puzzled as to why some administration officials sought to “destroy” him personally in his final days in office, castigating him in anonymous comments to newspapers even after he had handed in his resignation.
Although he does not identify her by name, Hagel’s criticisms are clearly aimed at Obama’s national security advisor, Susan Rice, and some of her staff. Hagel’s former aides, and former White House officials, say the defense secretary frequently butted heads with Rice over Syria policy and the U.S. military prison at Guantánamo.
The former Pentagon chief offers a view from inside an administration that was caught flat-footed by the multi-sided conflict in Syria and by the subsequent onslaught of the Islamic State. His account describes an administration that lacked a clear strategy on Syria during his time in office and suggests that it may not have one anytime soon — despite the mounting carnage and waves of refugees.
The White House declined to comment for this story after being told about Hagel’s comments regarding the fallout from Obama calling off strikes against Damascus, the absence of a clear policy on Syria, and his treatment by the administration.
But a senior administration official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the president was not ready to go forward with the military operation in 2013 without consulting Congress first and it endorsing his decision. And the final outcome of Obama’s decision opened the way for a diplomatic deal brokered by Russia that saw the Assad regime hand over its declared chemical weapons stockpiles. “The end result of all this is a Syria that’s free of its chemical weapons program,” the official told FP.
The senior official also insisted the president has a clear strategy to defeat the Islamic State, relying on U.S.-led air power and the training of local forces while pushing for a diplomatic bid to end the civil war in Syria and negotiate Assad’s exit.
Appointed to shift the Pentagon to a peacetime footing and oversee tough budget cuts, Hagel ended up having to contend with Russia’s incursion into Ukraine and a new war in the Middle East after he entered office in February 2013.
And inside the Defense Department, he faced a series of crises: automatic budget cuts and a government shutdown that threw the Pentagon’s budget into chaos; a shooting rampage at the Washington Navy Yard facility that left 12 people dead; a spate of sexual assault cases in the military; and a cheating scandal by nuclear missile crews.
As defense secretary, Hagel carried out the administration’s policies dutifully without missteps. But his meandering public comments seemed to strike the wrong note at a moment of upheaval. And if Hagel had no major mistakes, he also had no major accomplishments; during the height of then-Defense Minister Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, Hagel’s aides boasted about the dozens of times the U.S. defense chief was speaking to his Egyptian counterpart and touted Hagel as the administration’s main conduit to Cairo. Left unsaid was that Sisi ignored Hagel’s entreaties and continued his brutal campaign to repress the group.
Hagel’s biggest hurdle, though, was that he was never fully embraced by Obama’s tight inner circle.
Even before he started the job, Hagel had been crippled by a bruising and unusually partisan Senate confirmation hearing in which many of his former Republican colleagues denounced him as unfit for office, painting him as hostile to Israel and weak on Iran.
A few Republicans had warned him in advance that they would have to “rough him up” at the hearing because of their dissatisfaction with the president, Hagel said. And conservative websites had painted him as “anti-Semitic” before the hearing began.
But the level of vitriol at the hearing — from lawmakers whom he had long worked with and even raised money for — came as a shock to Hagel.
More than one senator took Hagel’s comments out of context or simply misquoted him. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Hagel had called for an end to the “sickening slaughter” carried out by both sides, but Republican lawmakers wrongly accused him of singling out Israel.
Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), now a leading Republican contender for the White House, accused Hagel of possibly receiving speaking fees from “extreme or radical groups” but offered up no evidence.
“It is at a minimum relevant to know if that $200,000 that he deposited in his bank account came directly from Saudi Arabia, came directly from North Korea,” said Cruz, in a performance that some commentators compared to aJoe McCarthy-style smear.
Hagel looked taken aback but chose not to push back against the barrage.
“I was stunned at the whole thing,” Hagel told FP.
At one point Hagel misstated the president’s policy on Iran, saying the aim was to “contain” Tehran.
In the face of stiff opposition from Republicans, the former senator told the White House he was ready to withdraw as the nominee, “because I said don’t want to take the president nor the country through this.”
Obama, Vice President Joe Biden — an old friend from his time in the Senate — and White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough all called and encouraged him to hold steady. But some officials did not rally to his side.
“I know not everyone in the White House was that supportive,” he said, without elaborating.
After a filibuster from fellow Republicans, an unprecedented move for a defense secretary’s nomination, Hagel was confirmed in a narrow 58-to-41vote that was mostly along party lines. Only four Republicans voted in favor. Afterward, Hagel said, some Republican senators privately apologized to him for their attacks.
For Hagel, the bitter confirmation fight illustrated the new hyperpartisan, take-no-prisoners brand of politics that had taken over Washington. And it served as yet another reminder that the moderate wing of the Republican Party he represented had virtually vanished. Hagel sees himself as a Republican in the tradition of former President George H.W. Bush and ex-National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft, sober-minded pragmatists favoring a foreign policy driven by national interests and realpolitik. But that stream has “gotten thinner and thinner,” Hagel said.
“I’m not sure if you asked people, ‘What is the Republican Party?’ they could give you an answer,” Hagel said.
When Hagel was offered the job of defense secretary after Obama’s re-election in 2012, a position that he said he never asked or lobbied for, his only request was that he be given access to the president.
Once he was in office, Hagel’s request was generally granted. But he sometimes found that access to the president did not necessarily mean a one-on-one meeting in the Oval Office.
“There were times that I had called over and asked to have a private meeting with the president, and when I showed up, there were others in the room,” he said.
Read more: foreignpolicy.com
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The Root Cause of All Addictions
I have always had a problem with the concept that a physical allergy or disease is the root cause of alcoholism and chemical addictions. It does not explain the cause of chemical type addictions (including alcohol) and it absolutely doesn’t explain non-chemical ones like food addictions, compulsive gambling, compulsive sex and the like. I have observed many recovering folks who, with numerous years clean and sober, pick up non-chemical addictions. If the allergy explanation was the whole story then working the 12 Steps for one of the chemical addictions should cover all the addictions, but it doesn’t. Something is missing.
A clue to the real root cause of all addictions can be found by carefully listening in meetings of 12 Step programs to members sharing their “how it was” stories. Someplace in those shares they will usually state how, when they took that first drink, hit, sex act, gambling game win or whatever, it filled “that empty hole inside of me!” This is approximately the same rendition of that event for chemically and non-chemically addicted people. The narrative usually continues with a rendition of feelings of well being and relief, along with a new ability to do many things that heretofore they were inhibited from doing.
Everyone talks about “filling that empty hole,” but few bother to ponder what exactly that hole represents and what was not present that cause that hole. As best as I can figure out, that missing ingredient is self-esteem and usually, but not always, a lack of self-confidence.
I once had a client who, when describing his feelings when he attended his first AA meeting said, “The speaker was talking about how when he was newly recovering he had very low self-esteem. I thought to myself, ‘God, I wish I was able to have low self-esteem! Right now I have none!’”
Although the terms, self-esteem and self-confidence are usually associated with each other, and sometimes used synonymously, they have quite different meanings and functions. Self-esteem is a measure of one’s feelings of self-love and self-worth, whereas self-confidence is a measure of one’s evaluation of one’s ability to perform as task or a skill.
Although it is quite possible to develop a great degree of self-confidence without an equally high self-esteem, it is certainly a less than optimal state to be in, and in the case of very high performing people such as rock stars and high power executives, it becomes a perfect storm for the development of all sorts of addictions.
When people’s performance greatly overshadows their level of self-esteem, they are susceptible to feeling like a fraud, The accompanying internal dialog (self talk) is along the lines of, “if they only knew how much I’m messing up” or “If they discover the real me, I’m toast!” That paranoia of being “found out” can be enough to trigger a variety of coping behaviors including addictions, suicide and perfectionism.
Perfectionists are an interesting group. They have little or no self-esteem and are usually fairly high performers in what they do. Their paranoia of being found out leads them to attempt to do everything perfectly. Unfortunately, perfection is impossible to attain, so they continually fail, which creates a feedback loop that reinforces their negative self-evaluations. That in turn feeds into the obsession and another addiction is born.
Most people with low self-esteem including, unfortunately, many people in recovery, also have a similar feedback pattern. Less obvious, it appears as a habit of harsh self-criticism of their actions, their appearance and just about anything else that touches their lives. Unlike the perfectionist, they are not obsessed with rectifying their uncovered flaws. They use their harsh self-criticisms and both actual and imagined failures as proof of their negative self-evaluations. These folks rarely give themselves an even break. For them the cup is always half empty. They beat themselves up at the drop of a hat. The slightest criticism from a boss, peer, or even a client can throw them into a depressive state akin to giving up.
High school age underachievers are a good example of this. Although usually misdiagnosed as kids lacking motivation, they are very smart with very low self-esteem. Actually they have very high motivation. It takes considerable motivation for a smart kid to intentionally fail. These are young folks who think of themselves as potential failures (aka, losers) and who voluntarily take themselves out of the competition. That way they don’t risk being actual failures, and have a perfect cover story, “I could have won, but I chose not to play.” They are perfect candidates for a variety of addictions.
The value of learning self-enhancing techniques to boost self-esteem
Understanding that the lack of self-esteem is the core problem that drives people to adopt behaviors (addictions) in a futile attempt to cover up “that empty hole inside,” it stands to reason that once folks have developed great self-esteem and self-love that the empty hole will be truly and permanently filled, and the need for any addictions, chemical or otherwise, will be over.
For this reason, a major component of treatment needs to be teaching the tools that effectively promote positive self-esteem. Many of these tools are quite simply taught and through daily repetition are quite effective.
There will be noticeable improvement in the degree of self-esteem after a month of daily practice. The real payoff of learning these tools will come upon completion of the 9th Step. It is very difficult to work on self-esteem when “the real self” is viewed through lenses clouded by feelings and trauma that working The Steps will remove. As those negative feelings are eliminated, it opens up space for self-esteem to grow and, with these new self-enhancing habits firmly in place, that new self-esteem will grow automatically and exponentially!
©2015, Jason Wittman, MPS, CATC-IV, ILAADC
Note: This article first appeared as a column in the Keys to Recovery Newspaper.
[Permission to reproduce this article is granted as long as this notice and the “About the Author and the copyright information is included.]
*About The Author*
Jason Wittman, M.P.S. has his masters degree in counseling and psychology from Cornell University. He has over forty years of counseling experience and is certified as a clinical hypnotherapist and as a practitioner of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. He is currently in private practice as a Confidential Consultant and Mentor Coach. As Certified Level IV Addictions Counselor, he assists people to figure out all the “getting on living skills” that they either neglected or never learned, do to their continued usage of drugs, alcohol and other addictions.. He can be contacted at http://steppingintorecovery.com or firstname.lastname@example.org
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Not many people know that the Royal Institution caused the first one-way street in London. A night out at the RI was one of the hottest tickets in town. Charles Dickens, Prince Albert and every other Victorian celebrity fought to get front-row tickets to hear the pioneers of science. Their carriages clogged Albermarle Street so thoroughly that in 1808 they were instructed to proceed one way only.
Isn’t that a good question for a pub quiz? And perhaps that’s where popular presentations of science should be these days.
Traditional science lectures are still held with the goal of reaching out to the public and informing them about the latest scientific ideas, so that that society can make informed judgements about issues such as cloning and global warming. But the majority of people who attend them are already interested in and knowledgeable about scientific issues. Scientists are preaching to the converted. So the scientific community needs to think about alternatives to the traditional lecture format. The good news is that this is beginning to happen already.
Science in the Pub is an Australian format that does exactly what the name suggests (New Scientist, 26 August 2000, p 44). In 2001, I spent an evening in Sydney’s Harlequin Inn discussing Fermat’s Last Theorem, a subject that turned out to be easier to explain after a few pints. The Cafe Scientifique, which is spreading across Britain, is a more genteel version of the Australian format, whereby scientists discuss their ideas in a cafe. The objective for moving science out of the lecture theatre and into a cafe or pub is that a broader range of people will show an interest.
My own effort in this direction is currently focussed on presenting lectures in an arts venue, namely London’s Soho Theatre. But this is puny compared to what might be possible. Stephen Hawking regularly fills 1000-seat lecture theatres. So why doesn’t somebody arrange a run of such lectures in London’s theatre district, where he could reach a more diverse cross-section of the population?
I am still not sure, though, that such talks would reach those that science and scientists most need to interest: school students. Teenagers are, after all, abandoning science in huge numbers, and applications to science courses are falling drastically. Again, there are one or two positive signs. The Royal Institution is making a concerted effort to reach young people. Last year 24,000 children attended its lectures.
The British Government, for its part, recently launched its Science and Engineering Ambassadors programme, aimed at encouraging young scientists and engineers to spend time in schools talking about their research, helping with science clubs, and supporting teachers in a number of other ways. None of this would be necessary in an ideal world, but the fact is that there is a dire shortage of qualified science teachers, so the scientific community needs to help in whatever way it can.
Lecturing in a grand lecture theatre to an eminent audience is a great thrill for any researcher, but an equally rewarding experience and a more influential role could be played in a modest classroom. Working with schoolchildren is not something that every scientist would be capable of, but those who could inspire, should inspire.
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The Attorney General of New York is issuing a warning to investors of digital assets, saying that even well-established cryptocurrencies are extremely risky following last month’s market meltdown that saw the industry shed hundreds of billions of dollars in market capitalization.
In a new press release, New York Attorney General Letitia James says that wild price swings, fraud, theft, security issues and speculative bubbles associated with digital assets all pose significant financial risks to investors.
“Over and over again, investors are losing billions because of risky cryptocurrency investments. Even well-known virtual currencies from reputable trading platforms can still crash and investors can lose billions in the blink of an eye.
Too often, cryptocurrency investments create more pain than gain for investors. I urge New Yorkers to be cautious before putting their hard-earned money in risky cryptocurrency investments that can yield more anxiety than fortune.”
According to the Attorney General, other risk factors for crypto investors include limited oversight as she notes that digital asset exchanges are not regulated by the federal government unlike the Nasdaq or the New York Stock Exchange.
James also says that holding stablecoins is risky, emphasizing that these crypto assets are not 100% stable due to the nature of the assets that sometimes back them.
Another risk factor, according to James, is the tendency of crypto exchanges to claim to be having technical issues during times of increased volatility.
“There is no guarantee that you will be able to liquidate your investments when you want – such as when the crypto markets begin to crash. During times of crisis, trading platforms may halt trading or purport to experience technical difficulties, preventing you from accessing your assets.”
The Attorney General also mentions hidden trading fees and the possibility that crypto exchanges are prioritizing their own investments over their clients’ interest as additional risk factors for investors.
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Featured Image: Shutterstock/GrandeDuc/Andy Chipus
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Today, I attempted to do some fillings on a highly anxious nine-year-old girl. She was sobbing practically non-stop, grasped tightly to her stuffed animal, and basically blocked/ignored all of my various behavior management techniques. Mentally she did not succumb to the oral sedative, she could not care less for my tell-show-do spiel, and she could not bring herself to stop crying well enough to tell me what was frightening her. The mother denied any past emotionally-distressing dental visits and claimed she behaved perfectly fine with her other medical doctors. Needless to say, I accomplished nothing in the office and her parents were made aware she will likely need to go under general anesthesia to get her dental treatment done.
Very few of my appointments are completely aborted like this one was. In fact, the rarity of it is probably why I am so heavily bothered right now; and I only wish I could have more effectively understood this patient’s disposition. In a child with a learning disability or mental health issue, (at least to my aberrant mind) there is more of a justification to why that individual may not be able to tolerate such a procedure. However, a supposedly healthy, ‘normal’ nine-year-old (with a stuffed animal?) without any previously traumatic dental appointments acting with such resistance really makes me question her resilience and coping skills for other difficult situations in her life.
There are some psychology concepts we briefly discuss in pediatrics such as (B.F. Skinner’s) operant conditioning, and positive/negative reinforcement and how each influences desired behavior. I also try to stay mindful of the developmental milestones children should be achieving, and try to raise awareness and arrange appropriate consultations when they are clearly not being met. The patient I had today clearly exhibited extremely fearful behavior (i.e. crying uncontrollably), still relied on comfort objects (i.e. stuffed animals), and willfully refused to be verbally interactive. Let’s assume she is not developmentally delayed; when someone exhibits such uncooperative misconduct, and realizes it provided her the outcome she desired (i.e. not getting dental work done) – my concern is, could that moment reaffirm in her mind that poor behavior rescues her from all circumstances she deems uncomfortable? What is the lesson she took away from today’s visit?
It begs the question though, where does parenting style play a part in all of this? In the few moments I was in the room with her, this parent met the criteria of a stereotypical “helicopter mom”; in that she hovered closely over the child the entire time (never once out of reach) and a bit overly involved in trying to pacify her daughter throughout the process.
Now, by no means do I profess to be the perfect parent. Far from it in fact. As you may know, I have two young boys. One has a borderline addiction to Minecraft and the other has a very unhealthy affinity for watching scary YouTube videos featuring Slender man. One tends to be clueless about his surroundings, messy and irresponsible with his belongings; while the other can have uncontrollable temper tantrums, often times is quite passive-aggressive, and (no joke) may one day turn out to be a kleptomaniac. At eleven and eight years of age – they already seem to know the full catalog of curse words, they consistently stay up past their bed time by at least an hour, and disobediently raid our pantry in search of sugary snacks.
In retrospect, I am starting to realize just how often I inadvertently enabled my children’s undesired behaviors over the years; all under the guise of trying to be ‘supportive’. Like when my son forgot to turn in multiple assignments throughout the school year, and my wife and I pleaded with their teachers to accept their work late. Even with minute challenges, like tying their shoe laces for them or cutting up their meals into bite-size pieces – these were obstacles they could have easily overcome and a great opportunity to build up their confidence.
It is perfectly natural to want to protect our children from difficult situations, or experiencing failure, or enduring pain, or undergoing embarrassment. Before we know it though, they’re older – and if we have shielded them from all of their struggles, I feel we may have deprived them of developing essential coping skills and the ability to build up resilience.
“We don’t grow when things are easy, we grow when we face challenges.” ─ Unknown Author
Within my own life, I know conflict has always helped me be more confident and grow as an individual. There is a sense of empowerment when we face fears and overcome obstacles. Lately, I not only ask my children to exercise perseverance and more independence through the problems they face within their own lives; but also, allow them to suffer more consequences and tackle some relatively uncomfortable situations without parental intervention.
I wish every child I treat in my clinic could have a pleasant and pain-free dental experience. Many kids unfortunately are overwhelmed with fear and anxiety before they even step foot into our office. “We are a sum total of all our experiences.” (BJ Neblett). I do not presume to be able to correct the behavior of every child within my one-hour appointment. Their past dental experiences, their environmental influences, their parent’s parenting style, and much more are all considerable factors. Fortunately we have various treatment modalities, and perhaps with time and enough positive experiences, even the nine-year-old with the stuffed animal can one day feel comfortable getting work done in the dental chair.
Thank you so much for taking the time to read this post. Please feel free to express your own thoughts and feelings on this matter, I love to hear various point’s of view.
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Using this 100% off UDEMY Free Coupon Code, you can able to enroll the course: Android App Development Masterclass using Kotlin for Free on Udemy.
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Android App Development Masterclass using Kotlin
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Learn the core Android app development and Kotlin skills to build real Android apps.
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1 Introduction. 3
2 Problem definition / Problem statement. 3
3 Result. 3
3.1 The Sweep. 3
3.2 The Blend. 4
3.3 Toothpaste. 5
3.4 The Cell Phone. 6
4 Discussion. 15
5 Conclusion. 15
6 References. 15
In this, our third solid modeling assignment, we learn some new tolls that Pre/E has that make this program very useful. We learned how to use the Sweep command, as well as the blend and the warp commands. Then we got some very good practice making assemblies with creating a model of a cell phone.
Our task for this assignment consisted of multiple steps. The first three parts of this assignment were simple models that required very few steps, but taught us new commands. The last portion of this assignment was much more complicated. It called for us to create a variety of parts, and then create an assembly of these parts.
In this section, I will briefly describe and illustrate each part of this assignment, including all of the parts for the assembly.
This part was very simple to create. As you can see from the figures on the following page, it is not a very complex part. There is one simple sketch and protrusion, which is attached to the sweep part. The sweep, once instructed on how to use this command, is very simple. The first thing you must do is create a sketch of the curve you want the sweep to follow. Then, you must define the cross section shape and dimensions of the sweep. In this model, we used the shape of an I-beam.
Figure (a) You can see the simple protrusion, as well as the shape and direction of the sweep. Figure (b) is simply another view of this model.
The next part in this assignment was also a simple one. It required the use of the Blend command, which is very simple to use. All that it requires you to do is draw the cross-sections of the sections that you want to be blended together. As you can see from the figures on the following page, we have three different cross-sections defined. Once you have these defined, the blend command will connect all of these cross-sections together. You can choose to have these edges either straight or smooth. My edges are smooth, which is why it may be difficult to see the difference between all three cross-sections.
Figure (a) This figure shows a side view of the completed blend with smooth edges. Figure (b) This shows another view of the completed blend.
This part was slightly more complex than the previous parts. It first required us to create the tube by using a blend. Then we had to use a revolved protrusion to create the cap. Once we had these parts use a new command called the shell command. This makes our part into a shell of itself, hollowing out the inside. Once this is done, we use the warp command. This calls for us to create a spline curve above the toothpaste bottle, and once that is done, the warp command allows us to use this curve to create the deformations such as the ones in my model on the next page.
Figure (a) This figure shows the blended feature, along with the warped surface. Figure (b) This shows another view of the warped surface.
This part of the assignment was similar to the final part of the last project. It called for us to create a variety of parts, and then assemble them into a final project. This provided us with great practice on creating parts, as well as with the assembly. This section contains pictures of each part, as well as a brief description of each part.
The first part we had to create was the lens. This was very simple, and consisted of just a simple sketch and protrusion, as well as rounded edges.
The above figures show the next part, the earpiece. This part was also simple to create. It consisted of a simple protrusion, as well as a pattern of the hole command.
The above figures show the next part in this assembly, the microphone. This consisted of another simple protrusion. Once we had that, we had to cut away material from the top surface using just a simple extrusion, removing the material.
This part of the assembly is the antenna. It was made using a revolved protrusion for the top, and a simple protrusion for the rod part. In the top portion, a revolved cut was used to create ridge portion.
This part is the PC board. It was made using another simple protrusion, and the hole command. The edges were created using a full round on the top, and the chamfer command on the bottom.
The keypad, as shown above, was slightly more complex to create. It consisted of another extrusion, and also the mirror command for the buttons. But we had to create a relation between the dimensions of the smaller buttons and the dimensions of the larger. Once this was created, we were able to mirror the button. The smaller buttons were created using a pattern.
The Back Cover was more complex to create. We had to create a protrusion, and then create a shell of it. Then we had to create the screw holes, by protruding them from a plane above the bottom surface. Then we had to insert the holes in the protrusion, then copy and mirror them. You can see all these features in the above figures.
The last part was the Front cover. It was the most complex part to create, consisting of many protrusions and cuts, as you can see in the above figures. The keyholes were created in the final assembly once the keypad was inserted and was sticking through the front cover. This command was very simple to do.
The above figures show the final assembly of the Cell Phone in an unexploded view. This was very simple to constrain and to assemble. Below is the exploded view.
The last thing that we had to do was create a BOM (Bill of Materials) drawing. Pro/E makes this very simple to do in the drawing part of the program. Once the view is inserted, you can create a BOM by using a table and a few other commands. The figure below shows what this looks like.
This assignment required a lot of work, but since it was mainly practice, it was not as difficult to complete. It provided me with the instruction and practice that I need to become a much more efficient user of Pro/E
So in conclusion, I feel I have become much more efficient with using Pro/E because of this assignment. I find it much easier to create parts, and put them into an assembly. I feel I need to look and instructions much less than in previous assignments.
1) R. Toogood, Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3.0 Tutorial. Waltham, MA: ProCAD Books Ltd., 2006.
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A Glimpse into Total Freedom
Explorations into Freedom Intensive Retreat
June 19 – 26, 2022, Sunday to Sunday
One of the supreme gifts Krishnamurti gave us was his insistence that we can gather together to inquire and probe into the operation of our current human consciousness in order to see for ourselves how the content of our consciousness, the beliefs, concepts and ideas we carry from one day to the next, shapes our perception of ourselves and the world around us. Krishnamurti pointed out that once our minds have been conditioned to live in fear and conflict, we will ultimately and subconsciously accept a sense of perceptual limitation.
Richard Waxberg and Deborah Kerner have been facilitating dialogues for 17 years for the Krishnamurti Foundation of America, based on Krishnamurti’s profound insights that a spiritual life can effectively begin by exposing the entire operation of our human consciousness, including the perception-shaping mechanisms of the subconscious. And that if a group of serious-minded people are willing to explore together in an atmosphere of mutual trust, affection and sensitivity, there exists the potential to discover for ourselves that the mind can free itself of its psychological burdens, so that a new mind free of the past, a mind that is fresh, fully alive and clear, can begin to flower.
During the 8-day Explorations into Freedom Retreat, Richard and Deborah enter into deep explorations with participants 3 times each day to discover what is preventing a rebirth of the mind. Their work helps make clear that any spiritual journey into understanding the nature of the self, can first begin with examining beliefs and distortions in our thinking, laying the ground for new life-changing insights.
Krishnamurti felt that shared inquiry is a true form of meditation. Richard and Deborah emphasize that at the heart of this form of meditation is an exchange of energy, a gathering of energy created by sharing our insights together, and at the same time releasing psychic energy trapped in fear and resistance. Our shared inquiries give us the freedom to discover that when trapped energy is released, there is the potential for energy to flow unimpeded by ‘time-bound’ limitations, potentially freeing us of the need to hold onto the past or project arrivals into the future, free to be ‘present’ without resistance or conflict.
Krishnamurti made clear that his life was dedicated to freeing humanity of psychological suffering, to help all of us step out of the old, dead patterns of thinking that have led us to this impasse, a crisis of fear that has undermined our capacity to love, and to act from love. But first, in order to begin a new spiritual life with a renewed sensitivity to the perception of the incandescent energy of love that permeates all of life, we must be willing to look at the operation of our current ‘me-centered’ consciousness; to see how it dampens, distorts and limits our capacity to perceive love as the very essence of our being. Once that ‘seeing’ takes place, a new freedom can flower, freeing us from the authority of the known.
During the Retreat, Richard and Deborah encourage participants to discover the penetrating awareness of ‘listening and seeing’ as an open door to a new timeless and boundless perceptual dimension.
Anyone interested in exploring for themselves the possibility of freedom beyond psychological suffering, who has a longing to live in freedom, or who is curious to probe into the potential of freeing the mind in order to discover what awaits us on the other side of fear and conflict, should consider joining Richard and Deborah for their June Explorations into Freedom Intensive Retreat, A Glimpse into Total Freedom. The Retreat takes place at the beautiful, mountain-ringed Krishnamurti Center campus, nestled in the spiritually alive Ojai Valley in California.
Richard and Deborah limit their Intensive Retreats to 12 participants to help create an atmosphere of mutual support, affection, respect and sensitivity, as we journey together toward the birth of a new mind.
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Soldiers hate friendly fire, especially when it comes from the White House. Yet that's just what happened late Friday, August 10, when Army Lieutenant General Douglas Lute, President Bush's deputy national security adviser for Iraq and Afghanistan, suggested it was time for the nation to consider resuming the draft. "It makes sense to certainly consider it," he told National Public Radio. The counterattack was intense. "There is absolutely no consideration being given to reinstituting a draft," Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman said early the following Monday morning. General George Casey, the Army's top officer, also tossed a grenade Lute's way, 24 hours after Whitman, during an appearance at the National Press Club. While conceding today's Army is "out of balance" making the woes afflicting the world's most potent fighting force sound like a wobbly Firestone 500 Casey too tried to extinguish such talk. "Right now there is absolutely no consideration at least within the Army being given to reinstituting the draft," he said.
Casey's qualification "at least within the Army" is significant. For while his view is shared by Robert Gates, the current defense secretary, it runs counter to the recommendation of the first Secretary Gates. At his confirmation hearing last December, Bob Gates called the Army's personnel woes "a transitory problem" that didn't warrant renewed conscription. Yet Thomas Gates, who served as defense secretary from 1959 to 1961, chaired a commission created by President Nixon in 1970 to consider doing away with the draft. While the panel recommended doing away with conscription just as Nixon wanted it also called on the nation to maintain a "standby draft" that would resume if there were "an emergency requiring a major increase in force over an extended period," which certainly fits today's sitrep. The commission pointedly noted that the draft's resurrection should be ordered by Congress, and not the President. "If a consensus sufficient to induce Congress to activate the draft cannot be mustered," it said, "the President would see the depth of national division before, rather than after, committing U.S. military power."
Yet since the draft's end in 1973, it has become obvious that the nation has little stomach for its resumption, even as part of a bigger package mandating national service. While some military experts including those who have worn the uniform think national service, with a military option, makes sense, more are opposed to the notion. But it's also plain that the U.S. military's increasing isolation from U.S. society is not a good thing.
Those who favor national service, including a military element, argue that it is a simple responsibility of citizenship that young people should incur in exchange for the fortune of being an American. George Washington and the 1918 Supreme Court embraced this view. Today's backers say it would help knit the various cliques of the nation together, they maintain, and help deal with a wide variety of problems a lack of soldiers and inner-city teachers among them at the same time.
Opponents among them Ronald Reagan and economist Milton Friedman have maintained that such mandatory service has no place in the democracy. Many experts say that the sharp edge of today's volunteer military, honed over 35 years after initial opposition from the Pentagon, can only be dulled by adding draftees to the force. Most agree that any military obligation could be made more palatable if it were part of a bigger national-service program. Ideally, that would mean that even those fulfilling their national-service obligation by enlisting would do so, at least to some degree, voluntarily (because they could always have opted to have fulfilled that requirement by serving in some non-military slot).
But much of this debate remains fuzzy: if there were a national-service requirement, might some be forced into the military against their will if all the civilian options were already filled? The Air Force, Marines and Navy haven't had much trouble filling their ranks, so would draftees all be funneled into the Army and more specifically, into the blood-and-mud ground combat units? Beyond such concerns, military officers say, there plainly aren't sufficient jobs or sufficient money to employ the entire cohort (as of July 1, there were 4.3 million American 18-year-olds, and 4.4 million American 17-year-olds, according to the Census Bureau). So just as draft deferments poisoned the Vietnam-era draft, how would a new national-service program fairly choose among those eligible (the draft lottery, used for awhile at the end of the Vietnam war to select those who had to serve, has been replaced by state lotteries seeking to fund social programs on the backs of those least able to afford it. Perhaps it could be brought back to life, along with the draft). Would women be included, or exempt? Why include them when current law bars them from the combat forces most in need of personnel?
Charles Moskos, the nation's pre-eminent military sociologist and a long-time professor at Northwestern University, has supported national service, including a military option, for the past half-century. "My drafted contemporary was Elvis Presley just imagine how it would be if Justin Timberlake were serving today," he says. "I addressed a group of recruiters last year and I asked them if they'd prefer to have their advertising budget tripled or have Jenna Bush join the Army. They unanimously chose the Jenna option. If you get privileged youth serving," he adds, "it makes recruiting a lot easier." Moskos, who has spent decades visiting U.S. troops in various hotspots around the globe, likes to speak of his alma mater to show how times have changed. "In my Princeton class of 1956, out of 750 males, some 450 served, including Pete Du Pont and Johnny Apple," he says. "Last June's graduates out of a class of 1,100, both men and women now nine are serving."
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The Master of Science in Computer Information Systems is designed for the computer professional who desires an advanced Information Systems degree as a key component of professional growth. The program provides the tools you need to go forward into technical and management positions in Information Systems. The curriculum covers a variety of important aspects of the IT profession: system analysis and design, programming, web development, networking, telecommunications, database management, project management, and IT accounting.
Bellevue University welcomes the college-level learning you already have and will count it toward your degree. Take advantage of the credits you have. Save time and money.
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y = tdelay(x,delaytime);
Returns the (continuous) signal x delayed for an absolute time (given by delaytime). The initial value of y for time = 0 to delaytime is equal to zero. This block is intended to model a continuous delay in a continuous simulation. Use the Unit Delay block to model a digital delay.
x = 10*sin(time*10);
y = tdelay(x,2);
x,y and delaytime must be scalars. delaytime must be a positive constant value.
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The techniques are important, the recipes not so much. Effects of processing techniques on the nutritional and antinutritional contents of mango mangifera indica seed kernel monday a dakare 1, danladi a ameh 2, abel s. From the british viewpoint, imperialism seems mostly positive. Ah, uyedasan, the grandfather of japanese bar service. This is our first disney costume, more to come in the future. However, they are all important drinks to experience. Kazuo uyeda is a master and has given me an approach to bartending as an art form mixed with science.
Classification of admixture stabilization techniques hkci seminar 20171206 3 place of mixing type of mixing method insitu surface and shallow stabilization. Founding family seeking to block merger idemitsu to seek discussions with big shareholders adds company comment, context. Various kinds of yatai what is matsuri food japanese. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower by. The situation of foreign entry into the japanese food market, especially from a swedish standpoint, was described regarding modes of entry, imports, regulations, and the risk of facing possible entry barriers.
One point of many in this book that resonates with me was the idea of japanese methodology of this craft, where in america we look at the end result of our creation or replication of a classic cocktail vs. Reprinted from earthquake predictionan international. Gowan company is known in the ag chemical industry as an advocate for crop protection. Gowan serves on committees that affect crop protection policy and maintains key contacts in this arena. Takeda blends japanese roots, global ambition ahead of shire. Travel anna construction notes, coronation construction notes queen elsa of arendelle. Welcome to episode two of measure and stirs magical mixological journey in the land of the rising suntm. Solving with proof at the end there was 21 coconuts and 1 left over. Kazuo uyeda, the author of cocktail techniques, has been bartending at some of japans finest bars since 1966. The bundle is wrapped in banana leaves and boiled for 24 to 48 hours or longer until the sugar becomes caramelized and the peanuts have softened. Effects of processing techniques on the nutritional and antinutritional contents of mango mangifera indica seed kernel monday a dakare 1, danladi a ameh 2, abel s agbaji 1, sunday e atawodi 2 abstract english anglais affiliations. View this item and discover similar for sale at 1stdibs japanese mixed metal cigarette case by k. In his book cocktail techniques, uyeda says the ultimate goal of the. Provenance and paleoenvironment of sandy sediments possibly hosting gas hydrate in the eastern margin of japan sea takashi uchida, isao takashima, tomoya ito1, and ryo matsumoto 2 1 department of earth science and technology, akita university, 11 tegatagakuenmachi, akita, 0108502 japan.
Idemitsu family buys showa shell stake in bid to stop merger. Idemitsu kosan, showa shell mull tieup prior to merger. His latest book, cocktail techniques is a fascinating window into a style of bartending not often found on this side of the pacific. The british now have colonies that can supply materials for them, so the british became. Gswin32 merge pdf here is an example ghostscript commandline, which would convert and merge the two or more postscript files into one pdf in a one go. After you solves this equation, the answer would be 34. The mechanism of sterile insect technique and its importance in. Be sure to tell your new york friends to sign up so they can be the first to know the details on our sweet upcoming launch party. Jul 03, 2018 embedded in the sleek metallic and cypress interior of takeda pharmaceuticals new global headquarters in tokyo are stylized japanese characters for words like life, water and light. Drink philly featured in check out the writeup we got in the philadelphia business journal about our new york expansion with. Selection innehaller en del viner och argangar som inte langre finns att fa tag i, det kommer att uppdateras flera ganger under aret. Development of oral disintegrating tablet of rizatriptan benzoate with inhibited bitter taste 1 22 2alpana p. Merger deadlock pushes idemitsu to dilute founding familys.
Chavan, college of pharmacy, rauza bagh, aurangabad 431001, maharashtra, india. May 03, 2010 this is one of the best allaround cocktail books i have found. Idemitsu kosan, showa shell mull tieup prior to merger the. Roach, contribution of the school of graduate studies, indiana state college, series i, number 818, under the title, the zaibatsu.
Provenance and paleoenvironment of sandy sediments. Junri hamada product kiseto of the yellowish brown a laver bowl japanese food device to the present of the celebration purchase now to accumulate reedemable points. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Livres cocktail techniques by kazuo uyeda maison du whisky. Since the early years of the cocktail revival in america, japanese. The researchers at japans forestry and forest products research institute say the barkbased beverages have woody qualities similar to alcohol which is. Takeda blends japanese roots, global ambition ahead of. Laura dunnagan british imperialism in india could be considered as a good or bad thing, depending on whos viewpoint a person takes. Geomorphological criteria for evaluating liquefaction. Im not sure if this book is just outdated or is generally useless. It is much more than a recipe bookit teaches how to do each step of mixing a cocktail from selecting ice, glasses, spirits, mixing techniques, presentation, and adjusting for different tastes. Uyeda japanese mixed metal cigarette case at 1stdibs. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower.
Merger deadlock pushes idemitsu to dilute founding familys stake. Kazuo uyeda is a master and has given me an approach to bartending as an. Influence of temperature and salt on viscosity property of guar gum anchalee srichamroen department of agroindustry, faculty of agriculture, natural resources and environment, naresuan university, phitsanulok 65000, thailand. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Commemoration issue dedicated to professor naokazu koizumi on the. A good book to introduce you to the color techniques that kazuo uyeda pioneered. Tokyo the founding family of idemitsu kosan, japans secondlargest oil distributor, voiced its opposition on june 28 to a planned merger with rival showa shell sekiyu in a move that may have far. Sep 09, 2017 tokuyoshi adds some creative cocktails to the mix by melinda joe. Kazue wakamatsu the university of tokyo meguroku, tokyo,1538505, japan akio yamamoto oyo corporation omiya, saitama, 3308632, japan ichiro, tanaka oyo international co. Purchase of an open document does not constitute license for republication in any form, nor does it allow web posting without prior written permission. Tokyos kazuo uyeda of tender bar in ginza is equally famous for inventing. Merger deadlock pushes idemitsu to dilute founding family.
Candidly, this book is pretty weird, since uyedas explanations feel more spiritual. Global business today chapter 14 flashcards quizlet. The sailors and coconuts problem by kintaro taniguchi on prezi. Jcprc5 107 cyclisation of indoles by using orthophosphoric acid in sumatriptan and rizatriptan k.
Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 20, 58. Understanding japanese bartending in five techniques punch. Japans idemitsu defends showa shell merger opposed by. Kazuo uyeda has made his reputation as the best bartender in japan and the magician of color by winning many cocktail. Cocktail techniques, by kazuo uyeda arguably japans most famous bartender, uyeda invented whats called the hard shake, a technique for shaking a cocktail thats supposed to imbue it with better mouthfeel. The first english language edition of a seminal work by internationally renown bartender kazuo uyeda is a major publishing event illuminating what has been. Spirits japanese cocktail technique the hard shake by kazuo uyeda. Det ar viner som finns kvar i kallaren fran restaurang fredsgatan 12 som numera ar stangd.
Based on the results, the conclusions were that the japanese food market is of. Development of oral disintegrating tablet of rizatriptan. Influence of temperature and salt on viscosity property of. Specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and the competent use of tools and tech. Beautiful inlay details in copper, gold and oxidized silver depicting a. A masters paper submitted to the faculty of the school of information and library science of the university of north carolina at chapel hill. Title issue dedicated to professor naokazu koizumi on the. Ruff and kanamori, 1980, and is thus associated with low coupling and aseismic subduction.
Photoshoot 2014, katsucon 2014, otakon 2014, animeusa 2014, katsucon 2015 princess anna of. Feb 3, 20 kobandravina or koba is a malagasy specialty made by grinding together peanuts and brown sugar, then enveloping the mixture in a sweetened rice flour paste to produce a cylindrical bundle. Title fish oil intake induces ucp1 upregulation in brown and. From the british viewpoint, imperialism seems mostly positiv. A japanese company is now making collageninfused beer. Deep mixing method, the japanese experience and recent. Aug 09, 2018 kazuo uyeda, the author of cocktail techniques, has been bartending at some of japans finest bars since 1966. But before we dive into the stepbystep instructions, its time to get. He was trained in the technique by uyedas apprentice, stanislav vadrna. Deep mixing method, the japanese experience and recent advancement advance in concrete technology by hong kong concrete institute december 6, 2017. Title fish oil intake induces ucp1 upregulation in brown. Deep mixing method, the japanese experience and recent advancement advance in concrete technology by hong kong concrete institute december 6, 2017 masaki kitazume, dr. Cyber clean center project a five year retrospective you nakatsuru jpcert coordination center.
Embedded in the sleek metallic and cypress interior of takeda pharmaceuticals new global headquarters in tokyo are stylized japanese characters for words like life, water and light. British imperialism in india could be considered as a good or bad thing, depending on whos viewpoint a person takes. Are you looking for a cocktail techniques by kazuo uyeda. If youve ever gotten a collagen facial and thought to yourself, i wish i could get all the benefits of this hourlong beauty treatment while im simultaneously getting buzzed with my friends. Sometimes, you can find booths selling food such as takoyaki the yatai conclusion you can say that yatai is the most fun part of matsuri. Little is actually known about the stress distribution and failure process of large earthquakes. Tokuyoshi adds some creative cocktails to the mix by melinda joe. Apr, 2015 if youve ever gotten a collagen facial and thought to yourself, i wish i could get all the benefits of this hourlong beauty treatment while im simultaneously getting buzzed with my friends. Ice dress construction notes, coronation construction notes. Photoshoot 2014, katsucon 2014, otakon 2014, animeusa 2014, katsucon 2015 princess anna of arendelle. Kobandravina or koba is a malagasy specialty made by.293 521 808 751 786 901 164 1164 1640 825 320 770 669 770 45 352 1065 1003 1664 717 1658 1542 1511 1339 1517 1223 596 374 1389 406 745 317 496 1478 880 870 1191 983
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|Freeze dried meat treats are good There are lots of brands out there
For the main diet, you'll find all your cat nutrition and feeding info at Catinfo.org The web site is owned by a vet who has an interest in proper cat nutrition.
In short, dry foood (all brands) are the absolute worse you can feed. It can cause all sorts of health problems later in life, from obesity to diabetes to urinary tract issues. That's something all the pet food companies don't tell you when they push their dry food products on tv, in magazines, free samples at the store, etc
A canned food diet and/or raw food diet is best. Both provide the water a cat needs in the diet. Cats are designed to get all their water directly from the food, not from a bowl.
Raw food is the most ideal since that is what wild cats eat in the wild. This can be a commericial brand of raw pet food or one that you make yourself using a good recipie, such as the one at Catinfo.org.
But if you can't feed or don't want to feed raw, canned food is a good subsitute Canned food may seem more expensive than a cheap giant bag of dry food but think of all the money you could be saving on future expensive vet bills. It's a "pay it now or later" thing.
|my posts | my page | msg me | my family's posts | gift me | become friends|| [notify]|
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1. turn_out - verb
· be shown or be found to be; "She proved to be right"; "The medicine turned out to save her life"; "She turned up HIV positive"
2. turn_out - verb
· prove to be in the result or end; "It turns out that he was right"
3. turn_out - verb
· produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery; "This factory turns out saws"
4. turn_out - verb
· result or end; "How will the game turn out?"
5. turn_out - verb
· come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons; "How many people turned out that evening?"
6. turn_out - verb
· bring forth; "The apple tree bore delicious apples this year"; "The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers"
7. turn_out - verb
· put out or expel from a place; "The unruly student was excluded from the game"
8. turn_out - verb
· come and gather for a public event; "Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York"
9. turn_out - verb
· outfit or equip, as with accessories; "The actors were turned out lavishly"
10. turn_out - verb
· turn outward; "These birds can splay out their toes"; "ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees"
11. turn_out - verb
· cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch; "Turn off the stereo, please"; "cut the engine"; "turn out the lights"
12. turn_out - verb
· get up and out of bed; "I get up at 7 A.M. every day"; "They rose early"; "He uprose at night"
The only site you need for word puzzles, home work, anagrams and scrabble games. The best site for two word anagram solutions.
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To Build Wealth, Treat Money Like a Jealous Lover
In How to Become a Millionaire by Age 30, Grant Cardone is up front about what to do with your money. In 10 steps, he reveals the hard truth about your harnessing your earning power and investing aggressively to overcome all the taboo money matters.
But in this Google Hangout, he specifically focuses on how to think about your money. He discusses daily practices to transform your mindset, and how to think rich in order to become rich (at any age!).
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This report evaluates the corporate governance framework for the Colombian state-owned enterprise sector relative to the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises. The report was prepared at the request of the Republic of Colombia. It is based on a review involving all OECD countries.
First adopted in 2005 as an internationally-agreed standard on how governments should exercise ownership of SOEs, the Guidelines were updated in 2015 to take into account developments since their adoption and the experiences of the countries using them.
The OECD updated the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance to ensure their continuing high quality, relevance and usefulness, taking into account recent developments in the corporate sector and capital markets.
In a historic visit by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang to the OECD in Paris, the People’s Republic of China today decided to enhance longstanding collaboration with the OECD and to join the OECD Development Centre.
With the world economy stuck in a low growth equilibrium, this is an opportune time to push responsibility to the forefront of our economies, to help put us on the path to stronger, greener and more inclusive growth.
This blog post John Morrison, Executive Director of the Institute for Human Rights and Business, discusses what the social responsibilities of sporting events should be and argues for greater oversight and due diligence at every stage of the mega-sporting events delivery process.
This blog post discusses how the UN Guiding Principles Reporting Framework, introduced in February 2015, help companies provide evidence of how they are conducting human rights due diligence: the process of assessing and addressing their human rights impacts, and tracking and communicating how well they do so.
English, PDF, 355kb
OECD work suggests that Slovenia’s model for economic growth has suffered from both corporate governance weaknesses and heavy reliance on state involvement in the economy. Despite some recent privatisation efforts, Slovenia’s degree of state ownership in the economy remains one of the highest in the OECD,
English, PDF, 397kb
The Japanese economy has for many years been characterised by a low corporate return on equity. Increasing returns requires better corporate governance that improves investment and the use of corporate resources, including cash holdings.
The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.
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Coordinate all technical aspects of a live theatrical production.
A Segment Producer is a Television Producer who specializes in “reference book” television, as it’s his or her job to develop the various “entries” in a segmented TV program. You see, most TV shows — comedies and dramas, for instance — are made up of “scenes.” Some, however — reality TV shows, game shows, talk shows, and news programs — are made up of “segments,” instead. It’s like the difference between a novel — which tells a continuous story — and a reference book, which features a series of discrete, subject-specific entries.
Examples of segments include “Stupid Human Tricks” on the “Late Show With David Letterman,” a cooking demonstration on “Good Morning America,” an interview with the President Of The United States on “60 Minutes,” the bonus round on “Wheel of Fortune,” and the “Quickfire” challenge on “Top Chef.”
No matter what the segment is, when you’re the Segment Producer, your job is to create, execute, and own it. Typically, that means meeting with fellow Segment Producers to brainstorm and delegate ideas, researching selected topics, booking guests and contributors, then writing and producing scripts, graphics, and rundowns. You also interview sources, in the case of news segments, and collaborate with Television Producers and crew members — including the Stage Manager, Gaffer, and Grips — to set up the segment, coordinate it, engineer it, and actually execute it on camera.
Many Segment Producers work with Video Editors. In the absence of one, however, you may be required to edit your own footage as well — usually under extremely tight deadlines.
Whether it’s for a live TV news show or a taped reality competition, you’re the Seamstress of television, stitching individual vignettes into program-sized quilts!
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Statistical approach to the process of tunnel ionisation of impurity centres near the heterointerface
To date, the processes of tunnel ionisation of impurities near the interface between two different semiconductors have been comprehensively studied. The most important parameters of the contact electron states of impurities have been determined. However, the calculated expressions for these parameters have been of local nature, as applied to individual impurities. Meanwhile, it is easy to understand that a number of processes, such as the flow of charge carriers and their diffusion through a heterojunction, are clearly statistical in nature. The same applies to the processes of tunnel ionisation of shallow and/or deep impurities near the interface. A statistical approach to the calculation of the parameters of tunnel ionisation of impurities broadens the opportunities for obtaining fundamental information regarding surface electron
The aim of this work was to use a statistical approach to study the effect of the heterointerface on the energy spectrum of shallow and deep centres. For this purpose, the expansion of the reflected quasi-classical wave function within the complete system of spherical harmonics and the subsequent extraction of the zero harmonic amplitude (s-component) was used to estimate the minimum distance from the impurity to the heterobarrier and to specify the limitations of the applicability of the results obtained in other works. The article analyses the conditions of the quasi-classical approximation which are used to estimate the order of the value for the minimum height of the potential barrier (pit).
This work (with due consideration given to the minimum distance estimate) presents averaged formulas obtained for the energy shift of the ground state and the lifetime of the quasi-stationary state depending on the distance from the heterobarrier. Some qualitatively new considerations can also be found in the article. The distribution of impurity centres near the heterobarrier is assumed to be uniform. The article discusses the role of electron transitions in causing the buffer field effect for both shallow and deep centres. The focus of the article is on the estimates of various physical parameters characterising electron transitions near the heterobarrier.
Ivanov M.G., Merkulov I.A., Efros Al.L. Energiya i shirina primesnogo urovnya vblizi geterogranitsy. [Energy and width of impurity level near interface]. Physics and Technics of Semiconductor. 1988; 22(4): 628-633. Available at: https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/29200 (In Russ.)
Bresler M. S., Gusev O. B., Mikhaylova M. P., Sherstnev V. V., Yakovlev Yu. P., Yassievich I. N. Interfeysnaya yuminessensiya, obuslovlennaya nadbar’ernym otrajeniem, v izotipnoy geterostrukture p-InAs/P-InAsPSb. [Interface luminescence appearing above barrier reflection in the isotype heterostructure p-InAs/P-InAsPSb]. Physics and Technics of Semiconductor. 1991;25(2): 298–306. Available at:https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/23313 (In Russ.)
Kryuchkov S. V., Syroedov G. A. Ionizatsiya primesnykh centrov v uzkozonnykh poluprovodnikakh peremennym elektricheskim polem. [Ionization of impurity centers in a narrow band-gap semiconductors by ac electric field]. Physics and Technics of Semiconductor. 1988;22(9): 1695–1697. Available at: https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/29445 (In Russ.)
Glazov S. Yu., Badikova P. V. Ionization of impurities by a constant electric field in graphene with a wide forbidden band. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics. 2018;10(2): 02020-1–02020-5. https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.10(2).02020
Béranger M. Study on the use of silicon drift detector to get information on light emitted by luminescent materials. American Journal of Physics and Applications. 2019;7(2): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20190702.11
Shklovskiy B. I., Efros A. L. Elektronnye svoystva legirovannykh poluprovodnikov. [Electric properties of doped semiconductors]. Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 1979. 416 p. (In Russ.)
Khudyaev S. I. Otsenki integralov s pomoshchyu srednikh i nekotorye ikh primeneniya. [The estimations of integrals on the base of averages and some its applications]. Jurnal vychislitelnoy matematiki i matematicheskoy fiziki. 1982;22(2): 280-295. (In Russ.)
Bychkovskiy D. N., Konstantinov O. V., Tsarenkov B. V. Fazovyi perekhod dielektrik-metall: termodinamicheskiy aspekt problemy. [Phase transition dielectric-metal: thermodynamic aspect of the problem]. Physics and Technics of Semiconductor. 1995;29(1): 152–161. Available at: https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/18064 (In Russ.)
Imamov E. Z., Kolchanova N. M., Kreshchuk L. N., Yassievich I. N. Rol’ rasseyaniya na melkikh neytralnykh centrakh v kineticheskikh yavleniyakh pri nizkoy temperature. [Role of scattering on shallow neutral centers in kinetic phenomena at low temperature]. Solid State Physics 1985;27(1): 69–76. (In Russ.)
Brudnyi V. N. Vliyanie jestkoy radiatsii na elektronnye, opticheskie i rekombinatsionnye svoystva soedineniy (Al,Ga,In)-P,(Al,Ga,)-As i ikh tverdykh rastvorov. [Influence of hard radiation on electrical, optical and recombination properties of the compositions (Al,Ga,In)-P,(Al,Ga,)-As and its solid solutions]. Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika. 2013;56(8): 37–39. Available at: https://w w w.elibrar y.ru/item.asp?id=20282740 (In Russ.)
Mironov A. G., Serov A. S. Electron energies and states at the deep impurity level in a semiconductor. Moscow University Physics Bulletin. 2011;66(3): 272–277. https://doi.org/10.3103/s0027134911030143
Stys L.E. Mekhanizm tunnel’noy termostimulirovannoy relaksatsii toka. [Tunnel thermostimulated relaxation mechanism of a current]. Physics and Technics of Semiconductor. 1989;23(11): 1971–1975. Available at: https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/29999 (In Russ.)
Terukov I. E., Khuzhakulov E. S. Electron exchange between neutral and ionized germanium centers in PbSe. Semiconductors. 2005;39(12): 1371.https://doi.org/10.1134/1.2140306
Muratov T. T. Recombination of mobile carriers across boron excited levels in silicon at low temperatures. Semiconductors. 2019;53(12): 1573–1577. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063782619160206
Colston G., Myronov M. Electrical properties of n-type 3C-SiC epilayers in situ doped with extremely high levels of phosphorus. Semiconductor Science and Technology. 2018; 33(10): 1–6.
Ma N., Jena D. Charge scattering and mobility in atomically thin semi- conductors. Physical Review X. 2014;4(1): 011043-1–011043-9. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.4.011043
Mukashev B. N., Abdullin X. A., Gorelkinskii Yu. V. Metastable and bistable defects in silicon. Physics-Uspekhi. 2000;43(2): 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1070/pu2000v043n02abeh000649
Pakhomov A. A. Termoionizatsiya glubokikh centrov vblizi interfeysa. [Thermo-ionization of deep centers near interface]. Physics of the Solid State. 1992; 34(11): 3417–3420. Available at: https://journals.ioffe.ru/articles/22718 (In Russ.)
Copyright (c) 2021 Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) enables the communication between a smart utility meter and an IT company. So, AMI provides companies with real-time data about the usage of power. For customers, it enables smart usage of power and reduces their utility bills.
Looking to improve the functioning of electric utility Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Distribution Automation (DA) field area networks, Applied Communication Sciences has unveiled SecureSmart Managed Security Service (MSS).
SecureSmart MMS is ideal for AMI and DA networks as it allows the users to deploy a wireless intrusion detection solution quickly and easily. Users will also be able to perform 24x7 monitoring with this solution, the company announced.
According to the company, ACS's (News - Alert) SecureSmart MSS helps in intrusion detection functions of Field Area Network (FAN). Field Area Networks offer safe adjustable and easily deployable networks for utilities. ACS's SecureSmart MSS offers improved visibility into FANs by offering numerous hosted monitoring tools.
Applied Communication Sciences provides safety to networks which are plagued by various threats such as hacking, virus attacks and privacy breaches. An attack on a network not only disrupts the flow of a service, but it also makes a dent in the reputation of the company.
“Our SecureSmart MSS answers the industry's call for greater situational awareness and visibility into Smart Meter networks, which are fast becoming the largest networks within the utilities," said Tony Bogovic, Applied Communication Sciences' Group President, Advanced Consulting and Engineering. "SecureSmart MSS brings to market first-of-its-kind technology and innovations developed by ACS's Applied Research group that enable utilities to detect early signs of attacks on wireless FAN communications and help validate security controls.”
Recently, the company announced that it received an Edison Patent Award. The company received this award for its research on quantum communications.
Want to learn more about the latest in communications and technology? Then be sure to attend ITEXPO Miami 2013, Jan 29- Feb. 1 in Miami, Florida. Stay in touch with everything happening at ITEXPO (News - Alert). Follow us on Twitter.
Edited by Brooke Neuman
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Greenwich Mean Time is not the world's time. So said Dr Felicitas Arias, director of time at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, on the Today programme this morning (listen again here). GMT has been a standard in Britain since 1847, but since 1972 most of the world has operated on Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC). Apparently GMT is not accurate enough, nor is it uniform, since it reflects the speed of rotation of the Earth, and the Earth rotates at varying rates. Atomic clocks, on which UTC is based, are more accurate.
I must say that I've noticed that there is often confusion if GMT is used when I am talking to someone in another country. Until I knew better, I found that someone elsewhere would agree to Skype me at a certain time -- 14:00 GMT, for instance -- but, in fact, we were often an hour out and never got to speak. That is because many people think that GMT is the current time in the United Kingdom. It isn't. The time in the UK at the moment is currently GMT+1; we call it British Summer Time. We put the clocks back at the end of this month and we will be on GMT again over the winter.
The OED gives four pronunciations for Greenwich: /ˈgrɛnɪtʃ/ (Grennitch) , /ˈgrɪnɪtʃ/ (Grinnitch), /ˈgrɛnɪdʒ/ (Grennidzh), and /ˈgrɪnɪdʒ/ (Grinnidzh). It gives the US pronunciation as /ˈgrɛnɪtʃ/ (Grennitch), the same as the first of the four UK pronunciations. The pronunciation of Green... as 'grin...' is more old-fashioned, I think.
For the interview with the director of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, click here.
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Recently, I had a client who was 15 weeks pregnant ask me to help relieve pregnancy-induced pain she was experiencing in her hands. Upon palpation of the lower arms there seemed to be a cramp or spasm in the muscles of the forearm area. The client reported that she had done some research on her own and found that carpal tunnel syndrome was a common symptom of pregnancy, but one that usually begins later in pregnancy. As an experienced bodyworker, it didn’t make sense to me that this particular woman would suddenly develop carpal tunnel syndrome simply due to pregnancy—even though this is a common belief in maternity care. I decided to do my own research on what is known about the physiological cause of pregnancy-induced carpal tunnel syndrome. What I read was a general consensus that during the second half of pregnancy these symptoms may be caused by excess fluid retention.
In my professional opinion, the symptoms presented—which frequently lead to a carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis—are not actually carpal tunnel syndrome but a mild yet chronic incidence of compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome is a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscle of a specific area of the body, such as the arm, builds to dangerous levels. This pressure can decrease blood flow, which prevents nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells. Fascia (tough membranes throughout the body with a tensile strength that some have compared to that of aluminum) surrounding the arm will only allow for so much pressure to occur, eventually leading to severe pain from pressure and loss of function to the nerves controlling the hand. This is similar to carpal tunnel, but different enough that an improper approach to treatment can leave a client with compartment syndrome and continued pain of the hands and wrists.
After reading that the most common treatments for carpal tunnel during pregnancy were cortisone shots, wearing a (reportedly often ineffective) splint or minor surgery, I thought there had to be a better way to treat this common pregnancy complaint. My diagnosis and treatment hypothesis were based on the description of pain from my client and the idea that excess fluid was being retained in the body.
The treatment I chose to try on this particular client was one I had been using for years to help with lymphedema in women who had had a mastectomy. During the treatment, I have the pregnant mother lie on her back, if possible, or side lie with her arm elevated vertically in the air. I then place a heating pad in the axilla (armpit) next to the lymphatic duct. The heating pad is used to vasodilate the lymphatic duct. In the raised hand, I place a cool-to-cold ice pack, which will cause vasoconstriction at the upper part of the extremity. The pushing action of vasoconstriction from the cold and the pulling action of vasodilation from the heat into the lymph duct, with some added light massage and flushing of the arm tissue, causes the fluid to flow more quickly into the drain at the axilla. Within a one-hour session we were able to alleviate the pain in the arm, restore dexterity and function back to both hands and almost fully restore grip strength.
Upon checking with my client at 24 hours post-treatment, she reported that a dull ache remained in her left hand, but the severe levels of pain she had been waking up with had been “reduced by 90–95%.” I advised my client to perform the treatment function at home for approximately 20 minutes for each hand prior to sleep at night. This recommendation was based on the lack of movement during sleep, which slows the drain process of the lymphatic system. (This simple treatment can be taught to families by midwives, physicians and doulas to bring relief to mothers who suffer from what is commonly diagnosed as pregnancy-induced carpal tunnel syndrome and, perhaps as a side effect, will decrease unnecessary medical intervention for pain and discomfort.)
Over the course of the following month, we continued treatment and research, based on my belief that compartment syndrome was the appropriate diagnosis for this particular client. We experimented with using compression sleeves post-session to try to keep the fluid closer to the torso before it filled the arm, but we discovered that the fluid would still pass the compression sleeve and get caught in the hand, causing increased pressure there.
Through continued research I hypothesized that because lymphatic fluid is mainly pumped by the diaphragm on the inhale breath, either a higher level of stress and a more shallow breath pattern or lack of movement/exercise could be a cause. During the inhale breath, increased abdominal pressure pushes lymph into the less pressurized thorax. The pressure reverses during exhalation, with valves preventing lymph from being pushed backward. Working with positive abdominal pressure in athletes and the general population, I have found that diaphragm function is not being completed down to the pelvic floor. The common breath, which is frequently limited in the general population, would be even more limited in pregnant women whose fundus level has reached above the navel region. Without the diaphragm engaging properly and causing pressure to disengage the pelvic floor, the abdominal pressure does not complete a cycle. During pregnancy, increased respiration (deep, focused breathing) or movement may help alleviate the stagnant fluid.
Additionally, I discussed this treatment technique with clientele over the age of 50 and to determine whether the treatment may have been used in the past, but forgotten over time. None of these clients indicated that they had received or had the treatment suggested during any of their pregnancies.
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RHR: How (And Why) To Construct Muscle at Any Age, with Mike Matthews
On this episode, we focus on:
- The significance of constructing muscle
- The key to constructing muscle and energy
- The influence of diet and macronutrient ratios for weight reduction
- Easy methods to elevate weights at any degree
- How (and why) to dedicate extra time to energy coaching
- Larger, Leaner, Stronger, by Mike Matthews
- Thinner, Leaner, Stronger, by Mike Matthews
- Muscle for Life, by Mike Matthews
- Legion Athletics
Hey, everyone, Chris Kresser right here. Welcome to a different episode of Revolution Well being Radio. This week, I’m excited to welcome Mike Matthews as my visitor. He’s a licensed private coach and best-selling creator of [the books] Larger, Leaner, Stronger and Thinner, Leaner, Stronger in addition to the founding father of the primary model of all-natural sports activities dietary supplements on this planet, Legion. We’ve gotten numerous requests over the past a number of months for a fitness-related podcast, and I wished to carry a visitor on who had a science-based strategy to constructing muscle and dropping fats and getting wholesome as a result of as I’m positive you’re conscious, there’s numerous pseudoscience and misinformation within the health world. So I actually loved this dialog. I feel you’ll, too. Let’s dive in.
Chris Kresser: Mike Matthews, [it’s a] pleasure to have you ever on the present. Welcome.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, thanks for having me. I recognize it.
Chris Kresser: Let’s simply dive proper in beginning with why ought to somebody be involved with constructing muscle within the first place? Let’s take somebody who’s not likely oriented in that route. They don’t essentially even wish to work out. However I speak about this to my sufferers lots. I’d love to listen to your tackle why constructing muscle is crucial for our well being and wellness above and past how we glance and even our basic health degree.
Mike Matthews: That could be a nice query as a result of I hear from lots of people who’re already into constructing muscle, [and] they simply wish to know the way they’ll construct extra muscle, proper? However with this new ebook, Muscle for Life, I’m making an attempt to succeed in out to the folks you’re speaking about who don’t notably like muscle constructing actions, they usually don’t care whether or not they look jacked or not. Or within the case of ladies, whether or not they look actually toned, or girls use completely different phrases. And I’d say there are most likely a couple of other ways of it. Let’s speak concerning the well being angle first. That is one thing that for a very long time, if folks got train recommendation, notably from docs, folks they belief, or different healthcare professionals, it was typically to do cardiovascular train. And there’s nothing improper with cardio. I speak about it within the ebook. I do half-hour of cardio 5 to seven days per week, and I feel if you wish to optimize your well being and wellness, then you definitely must also do cardiovascular train.
Nevertheless, and there’s numerous analysis to help this, I’d say that for the common one that has three to 5 hours per week that they can provide to train, I would like that they offer 80 p.c of that point to coaching their muscle groups and the remaining 20 p.c [they] can do cardio. And I additionally would like that they strategy their energy coaching as coaching, so following a system. There are strategies of development. After which they’ll deal with their cardiovascular train nonetheless they’d like. In the event that they wish to play a sport, go play a sport; if they simply wish to go for a brisk stroll [for] half-hour a day, go try this. Like me, in the event that they wish to hop on an upright bike. I normally have work calls I’ve to do, so I’ll save that hop on my upright bike. And there are a number of causes.
If we have a look at the well being implications of let’s speak about, and that is related, particularly within the context of what’s occurring on this planet, let’s speak about all-cause mortality. And let’s additionally throw in deaths associated to illness, proper? Analysis reveals that it truly is simply this straightforward. The extra muscle you’ve, which solely goes to this point if you’re pure. So neglect about large, hulking bodybuilders. None of us can appear to be that naturally. However the extra muscle you’ve, the much less possible you might be to die from something and every part. Bodily trauma, illness. After which as we become older, you’ve the useful issues that folks run into as a result of they aren’t sturdy [and] they don’t have muscle, [so] they fall down [and] break one thing that’s very harmful.
Chris Kresser: We’ve a saying in medication: “break your hip, die of pneumonia,” as a result of that’s so typically what occurs within the aged inhabitants. They break their hip as a result of they don’t have sufficient muscle, after which they’re reclined in a hospital mattress, fluid swimming pools of their lungs, they develop pneumonia, they usually die. It’s a very frequent reason behind demise among the many aged.
Mike Matthews: Yeah. I feel that you just most likely agree that in the event you can keep away from it, you wish to avoid drugs, in the event you can keep away from it, and also you wish to keep out of the hospital in the event you can. You wish to keep out of the working room in the event you can keep away from it, proper? So constructing muscle is a good way to present your, if we’re speaking about within the case of illness, immune system, you’ll be able to consider it as an enormous reservoir of gas to drag from to battle off illness. And, in fact, to forestall any form of bodily [problem], you’re not going to be falling down in the event you’re sturdy, and you might be, you probably have primary bodily capabilities, proper? So like, your hips can work the way in which they’re imagined to, and all the main joints can transfer by means of ranges of movement; you’ve energy. So there are long-term well being impacts for gaining muscle, and I feel there most likely is one thing to be stated for the aesthetic worth of it.
Now folks have completely different, in fact, concepts of what seems to be best or what they wish to appear to be and what’s a bit an excessive amount of. However for most individuals, I’d say the tendency is, having labored with numerous regular folks, that they would like to look athletic, they could say, than unathletic. And that normally entails gaining a little bit of muscle and having a physique fats degree in a sure vary relying on how they wish to look. So there’s one thing to be stated for the aesthetic worth of muscle. After which I feel that energy, and that is one thing that I speak about on this ebook, that energy is a results of muscle, Particularly as you get extra into weightlifting, it turns into actually a direct correlation. You’re solely going to get stronger in the event you acquire extra muscle. And energy is, I’d say, one other dimension of health that many individuals don’t notice that it comes with its personal advantages by way of the useful issues that I discussed; there are simply the on a regular basis issues that I discussed. Having a stronger physique that doesn’t ache and permits you to be lively. And most of the people have one thing that they wish to be lively with, whether or not it’s enjoying with their children, or perhaps it’s mountain climbing, or perhaps it’s some leisure sport. The stronger you might be, the higher you will do in any respect of these issues.
Stronger our bodies are much less more likely to get damage. So individuals who have put in a while to realize muscle, acquire a bit extra muscle than the common particular person and get a bit stronger than the common particular person [are] a lot much less possible, and this has been proven in analysis, to have again issues, to have knee issues, shoulder issues. And ache is a mysterious factor. I’m positive this. Researchers aren’t precisely clear why it really works, however they know that in the event you take any individual with again issues, for instance, and also you begin having them construct their again muscle groups as much as strengthen their again muscle groups with completely different workouts, their notion of ache, that is what researchers at the moment suppose, is probably going what’s altering. It’s that the underlying elements that had been contributing to ache haven’t modified, however the sensitivity to it has modified. And so what you’ve is, once more, you’ve individuals who put in time to coach their muscle groups to get stronger; they typically simply have fewer aches and pains in addition to a extra useful physique.
Chris Kresser: I’ve a private anecdote about that. I dwell in Utah and ski lots. And the primary season that I used to be right here, we moved two years in the past, and I had numerous decrease again points all through the season. And nothing like [a] critical harm, however simply numerous soreness and stiffness, and it was a bummer. I nonetheless bought on the market, but it surely restricted what I might do, and I simply spent many of the season in some type of ache or stiffness. And understanding just a little bit about this and being reminded of it by a good friend and colleague, I began doing deadlifts and squats once more. And notably, now I’m on the level the place if I don’t do deadlifts and squats frequently, I’ll expertise again ache and be injured and I can’t make it by means of a ski season with out doing deadlifts and squats, which is.
Mike Matthews: It appears counterintuitive, proper?
Chris Kresser: It [seems] bizarre; it’s like I’m snowboarding, this can be a fairly intensive exercise, no less than the way in which I do it, and now I’m going to go do deadlifts and squats, and that’s going to make my again higher. It’s like what? That doesn’t make sense.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, particularly if you have a look at what you’re doing with the deadlift, and it’s not a harmful train in any respect, as , if what you’re doing. However to any individual who’s new to all of this, they have a look at that, they usually say that may’t be good on your again.
Chris Kresser: Yeah, it will be the very last thing you’ll select on your again the place you’re going to lean over and like, as you stated, in the event you’re doing it with correct method, it’s very protected and truly helps lots. So I’m joyful to listen to you say that as a result of I’ve seen that analysis, and I’ve additionally had that direct private expertise [with] doing that energy coaching. And at my age, stopping harm is primary on my listing as a result of I like to remain lively, ski, mountain bike, every kind of various actions right here in Utah. It’s type of a playground. With the intention to try this, I’ve to forestall being injured. And my restoration from accidents isn’t what it was once I was 25. So something I can do to forestall that’s one thing that I’ll do, and I’ll do it religiously. And energy coaching has been a sport changer for me.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, that’s unbelievable.
Chris Kresser: I wished to briefly point out, too, I had a mentor once I was coping with fairly critical persistent sickness again in my 20s. One of many docs that I noticed who additionally turned a mentor for me as a clinician was an enormous believer within the significance of constructing muscle mass for folks with persistent illness. And his primary concept was that persistent illness will increase the metabolic calls for of the physique. Being in a state of low-grade persistent irritation and having the calls for of the persistent illness course of is taxing. So so as to mainly buffer towards that and supply your cells with the power that they want, including muscle was a manner of I assume you can have a look at it as anabolic versus catabolic. If the persistent illness is a catabolic course of, constructing muscle is an anabolic course of, and that helps stability issues out and forestall an ongoing decline that will in any other case occur with that catabolism brought on by persistent illness. Do you suppose that the proof helps that type of strategy?
Mike Matthews: Completely. Sadly, that occurs even in the event you don’t have persistent illness.
Chris Kresser: Life is a catabolic course of.
Mike Matthews: Right. And sadly, what did Dylan say for not busy being bored or busy dying, proper? And it begins [in the] late 20s or so for most individuals, and that is in males, too; they’re biologically programmed to have extra muscle than girls are, proper? And so, in males [in their] late 20s, in the event you don’t do something to no less than retain the muscle you’ve, you slowly lose it. And analysis reveals that that, for instance, accounts for almost all of the metabolic decline that we see in growing old, which is sweet information for everyone listening, which means that in the event you can keep your muscle mass, simply keep. Let’s say that [you] take the quantity of muscle mass you had in your 20s. And let’s say you aren’t into weightlifting; you’re only a wholesome 20-year-old particular person. For those who simply keep that degree, which and even to your objective of squatting and deadlifting, extra useful, the nice information is, if we’re speaking about sustaining muscle or stopping harm and simply sustaining operate, it’s a couple of hours per week.
It’s two to a few exercises per week. You are able to do extra if you wish to. And if any individual is inclined to, I might give them many causes to do extra, but it surely’s only a couple [of] hours per week, and you may keep. For those who simply know what you’re doing, you’ll be able to keep the entire muscle that you’ve. I’d say really you’ll be able to acquire fairly a bit in the event you’re beginning new, after which you’ll plateau. However you’ll be able to slowly proceed to enhance on simply a few exercises per week. Ultimately, the progress goes to decelerate. However that occurs regardless, proper? So again to your level, sure, I feel it makes numerous sense that there’s simply, there could also be some very esoteric situation the place train and energy coaching would simply be utterly contraindicated if we’re speaking about illness. However perhaps you’ll know. Nothing involves thoughts for me. I’d say that it doesn’t matter what sort of situation any individual is coping with, a average, let’s say an applicable quantity of train, and notably an applicable quantity of energy coaching and appropriately programmed.
So for some folks, for instance, and one of many causes I wished to jot down this ebook is, some folks [are] not prepared to begin deadlifting and squatting something. It’s not doable but. So take a 65-year-old one that has to lose 80 kilos simply to be in a standard physique composition type of vary, they usually’ve by no means touched a weight earlier than. I wouldn’t inform them to begin squatting and deadlifting. We might begin with most likely let’s exit for a stroll a couple of occasions per week, after which let’s transfer into some body weight workouts. And I’d like to get you squatting and deadlifting, however we’re going to should work towards it, proper?
Chris Kresser: Yeah.
Mike Matthews: So anyway, to your level, sure, that is smart that we have now to counterbalance the catabolism that happens naturally. And if it happens quicker in any individual due to a well being situation, properly, then I’d say that it’s even most likely extra pressing for them to do this.
Chris Kresser: Yeah. And I feel that’s additionally counterintuitive for some folks with persistent illness.
Mike Matthews: They at all times, the stress and.
Chris Kresser: Yeah, otherwise you’re feeling drained and drained. You won’t suppose that understanding and lifting weights goes to be the factor to do. However I discovered that, once more, when it’s appropriately carried out, it was important for me to get by means of that interval. And I at all times advocate it to my sufferers, even sufferers with fibromyalgia and persistent fatigue syndrome, the place completely, it’s essential to be very cautious with the extent, with how a lot you’re doing. It’s fairly simple for these people to overdo it after which they’re bedridden for days afterward. However the secret’s in modulation in my expertise. I feel we have now this mentality, you most likely see lots as a private coach, the place in the event you’re not doing full-bore one hundred pc, it’s not even price doing. And so folks keep away from [it].
Mike Matthews: It’s the no ache, no acquire.
Chris Kresser: No ache, no acquire. Extra is at all times higher, that uniquely American mentality. And I feel it prevents lots of people who would profit from energy coaching from doing it. As a result of of their thoughts, they’ve to have the ability to deadlift 400 kilos and squat ridiculous quantities of weight and try this for an hour, 5 days per week. And if that’s not doable, then why trouble? In order that they miss out on the advantages of that.
I’d guess that the common 30-year-old most likely can’t sit in a squat place, a primary human operate. On this episode of RHR, I speak with well being and health skilled, Mike Matthews, a couple of easy and science-based strategy to constructing muscle, dropping fats, and getting wholesome at any age or health degree. #chriskresser #health
Chris Kresser: And that is most likely an excellent segue, as a result of I do know there’s numerous misinformation and pseudoscience on the market within the health world, which you’re employed onerous to fight. And you’ve got, by means of your entire analysis and your expertise as a coach, a secret sauce that you’ve summed up properly, I feel, for how one can construct muscle and construct energy. I’d love so that you can speak, first on a basic degree about these three components, after which we will dive into every of these in just a little extra element.
Mike Matthews: Yeah. So I feel you’re referring to, I share within the ebook a reasonably easy components saying, hey, right here’s the 20 p.c that provides you the 80 p.c mainly, proper?
Chris Kresser: Sure.
Mike Matthews: And so the coaching part of that, is that, so let’s simply consider tremendous match folks, not even essentially match folks, however tremendous match folks. There’s a small percentile on the high, and also you’ll see them on Instagram, and also you’ll have guys who’re simply muscle groups on muscle groups, and 4 p.c physique fats. Not these guys, however I’d say perhaps take somebody like me. I’ve gained about 55 kilos, let’s say 45 kilos of muscle since I began weightlifting, about 10 p.c physique fats. [I’m] fairly match by anyone’s requirements, proper? And lots of people suppose that I have to spend a ton of time within the health club, and I have to be utterly neurotic about my meals, and I weigh every part, and I rely each calorie. And so they suppose that once more, it’s lots tougher to not solely get to a degree of being match or tremendous match, but in addition keep there.
So type of the key sauce. Right here it’s. The health elite, so to talk, management their energy, [and] they management their protein. That doesn’t essentially imply they rely all of their energy. However they perceive how energy relate to physique composition, they usually perceive the significance of consuming sufficient protein. And they also know that they should regulate these issues. And there are other ways of doing that. They spend a few hours per week. So once more, I stated three, let’s name it three to 5 hours per week exercising, and most of that point goes into their energy coaching, not their cardiovascular coaching. So these are two main elements of it. And if you wish to speak extra particularly about muscle constructing and energy acquire, we will. However I’d say that you just want each of these issues.
Chris Kresser: Yeah, let’s speak just a little bit about protein and in addition energy as a result of there’s an enormous controversy and has been for years, if not a long time, about energy in energy out.
Mike Matthews: It’s nonetheless going.
Chris Kresser: It’s nonetheless going and can preserve going eternally and ever till the top of time.
Mike Matthews: The [crosstalk] It doesn’t matter what number of research debunk this.
Chris Kresser: Yeah, it doesn’t matter.
Mike Matthews: It’s merely not going to go away.
Chris Kresser: Yeah. I don’t know if [who] Stephan Guyenet [is].
Mike Matthews: I do know the title.
Chris Kresser: He debated Gary Taubes about this on [The Joe Rogan Experience], and Stephan has been on the present three or 4 occasions, and he’s a good friend. And he studied the neurobiology of fats loss at U of W. [He has] a PhD, [is] a very brilliant man, and [is] actually conversant with the entire analysis on this subject as a result of that’s his discipline.
Mike Matthews: Alan Aragon has debated Taubes, as properly.
Chris Kresser: Sure.
Mike Matthews: And if I keep in mind accurately, Taubes was referring to observational analysis 20 years in the past. Prefer it bought to a degree of absurdity, mainly.
Chris Kresser: Yeah. So I don’t wish to get sidelined right here, as a result of we might go down a rabbit gap and by no means come out. However I feel my tackle that is [that] counting energy is never efficient, however not for the explanations that folks suppose that that’s the case. It’s that there are a variety of innate mechanisms that kick in after we consciously and deliberately scale back calorie consumption. And that is what we mentioned with Stephan Guyenet. Like, your resting power expenditure will lower, the quantity of energy you extract from meals that you just eat can improve, and your urge for food will improve, as a result of the physique has a reasonably sturdy want to keep away from hunger. And from a organic perspective, that’s typically what will get triggered in the event you deliberately scale back energy. However I feel that’s completely different [from] having a basic consciousness of the significance of the quantity of meals you’re consuming and simply incorporating that into no matter your weight loss program plan is.
In different phrases, that’s an element that you just’re holding in your consideration and that you just’re fascinated by. And also you usually don’t see people who find themselves extraordinarily match consuming large quantities of energy, proper?
Mike Matthews: Precisely, except they’re massively lively.
Chris Kresser: Proper, in the event that they’re like Michael Phelps, who eats like 14,000 energy a day or one thing whereas he’s coaching. However for these of us who aren’t in that class, proper. So there’s that. What about protein? There’s additionally numerous controversy about how a lot protein you want [and] what forms of protein are greatest. What’s your tackle that topic?
Mike Matthews: First, let me rapidly simply touch upon the calorie level. And sure, there’s no query metabolic adaptation does happen, not metabolic harm, as some folks would name it. However the physique does adapt when it’s not being fed sufficient meals. However we shouldn’t get too fatalist[ic] about it and say, “Oh properly, there’s nothing we actually can do, as a result of our physique is simply going to compensate for the energy that we’re proscribing. After which we’re simply going to finish up consuming extra or transferring much less or burning much less power.” And let’s do not forget that, I imply, I personally [have] labored with hundreds and hundreds, it’s bought to be over 10,000 by now, over the past eight years or so, males [and] girls of all ages, all circumstances, all talents who’ve efficiently misplaced weight. And I’m only one particular person doing this. There are various different folks like me. And so collectively, you will discover if you wish to go years, you’re going to search out hundreds of thousands and hundreds of thousands of people that have efficiently carried out this. And so success leaves clues, proper?
And one factor that you’ll at all times hear extra evidence-based health folks speak about is the significance of power stability, energy in and energy out, and that we perceive that the one solution to scale back physique fatness is to persistently eat much less power than we’re burning. And sure, that’s easy. However as you stated, it’s not essentially simple. And it’d most likely be an entire dialogue. I speak about other ways to make it simpler. And if you do it proper within the ebook, and protein is a kind of factors, really, however if you do it proper, if you prohibit your energy for fats loss correctly, the expertise is fairly easy. That means that you just could be hungry just a little bit on occasion, and lots of people don’t notice that that’s not a foul factor. It’s okay in the event you really feel just a little bit hungry. That doesn’t imply that you need to rush and eat meals. So it’s okay to expertise just a little little bit of starvation every now and then, however you need to by no means be ravenous.
Once more, in case you are doing this accurately, iif you might be controlling your calorie consumption accurately for fats loss, you need to by no means be ravenous, and you need to have the ability to benefit from the meals that you just like. Perhaps you’ll be able to’t eat as a lot of every part that you just like as you prefer to. That means wish to your level, okay, if any individual says look, I wish to lose a bunch of fats, however I additionally wish to eat a big pizza and a pint of ice cream each single day. And that’s most likely 3,000 energy proper there. And to place that in perspective, on an excellent day, perhaps I burn 3,000 energy, and I’m within the health club lifting weights for about an hour, I do half-hour of cardio, [and] I’m type of a muscular man, proper? So to that particular person, I’d say, all proper, no; we will’t make that work. However in the event you actually like pizza, we might work in a slice. We will throw that in your meal plan if you wish to get pleasure from that. Or in the event you would quite have some ice cream, we will’t do the entire pint. That’s a bit excessive. However might we do a pair hundred energy of ice cream? And any individual would possibly say, I’d be a kind of folks, I’d be like, now it’s not satisfying sufficient for me. A pair hundred energy of ice cream?
Chris Kresser: Slippery slope.
Mike Matthews: Precisely. And so they go properly, what about darkish chocolate? All proper, nice; let’s throw a pair hundred energy of darkish chocolate. That’s really fairly satisfying. Okay, cool. And that will apply to usually, let’s speak about some nutritious meals; let’s speak about carbs. I’m pro-carbohydrate, and I perceive that it’s not optimum to eat a bunch of extremely refined carbs. And, in fact, [we’re] on the identical web page there, however I’m pro-fruit, I’m pro-vegetable, I’m pro-whole grain, [and] I’m pro-seeds, which clearly have some fats, as properly, and if folks wish to have some extra extremely refined stuff, that’s okay. As long as they’re getting sufficient nutritious meals of their weight loss program. I speak about within the ebook, it’s within the literature, it’s known as versatile weight-reduction plan. And a few folks take it to the intense, they usually just do have a look at energy and protein, after which they give you actually weird diets the place they’re consuming a bunch of junk meals however getting sufficient energy, getting sufficient protein, they usually can look fairly good, however they don’t really feel excellent.
A extra balanced strategy is 80 p.c of your energy coming from comparatively unprocessed, nutritious stuff, after which you’ll be able to take that remaining 20 p.c in order for you and do no matter you need with it. And a part of versatile weight-reduction plan is that this level of consuming sufficient protein. And simply as once more, individuals who succeed with this persistently take note of their energy; they do know how one can preserve their energy in a sure vary, whether or not it’s by following a meal plan or simply consuming meals that they’re acquainted with and never making any main adjustments on a day-to-day foundation, which is one thing that I do. Or within the ebook, I give a easy technique of approximating energy, after which additionally protein, carbs, and fat, simply evaluating meals to the dimensions of your palm, the dimensions of your thumb, the dimensions of your fist. So a couple of palm dimension of meat, oh, okay, that’s about 150 energy, about this a lot protein, a couple of fist of complete grains, and these measurements are constant throughout numerous a lot of these meals. So simply as people who find themselves good on the health factor, they try this. They do one thing alongside these traces. In addition they nearly at all times eat a high-protein weight loss program. And to reply your query straight, there’s numerous analysis on this now. That is a kind of issues that actually shouldn’t be controversial, in my view, but it surely nonetheless is; it’s about 0.8 to 1 gram of protein per pound of physique weight per day. And that’s for any individual with a standard physique composition.
So if any individual has numerous weight to lose, then that will entail consuming extra protein than they should eat. And for these folks, there are other ways you’ll be able to have a look at it. You’ll be able to have a look at it [as] about 30 to 40 p.c of day by day energy from protein; that’s a technique of it. One other easy manner of it’s, once more, let’s say a man weighs 270 kilos. Does he must eat 270 grams of protein per day? No, he doesn’t. Is it going to harm him? No, it’s not, except he has a serious kidney problem. However for that particular person, you can too simply take top in centimeters; one gram per centimeter in top is one other manner of it. So most guys are consuming, let’s say anyplace between 150 and 200 grams of protein per day, relying on how large they’re and the way a lot they weigh and the way lively they’re with their energy coaching. After which for ladies, most likely round 90 to 130 grams per day is the norm; these are the traditional ranges.
Chris Kresser: One of many issues I wish to come again to is the satiety worth of protein. You talked about earlier, you briefly alluded to it. However this is the reason, I feel, if you examine the literature by way of weight reduction diets, some of the efficient diets is the protein-sparing modified quick, which is basically a low-carb and low-fat weight loss program.
Mike Matthews: Low-calorie.
Chris Kresser: Low-calorie and high-protein. And it’s really one of many diets that I discovered that persons are in a position to, it’s not enjoyable, however due to the upper protein, they’re in a position to keep it up, as a result of protein is essentially the most satiating of all three of the macronutrients. So it appears it’s one more reason why, I feel, if you see weight reduction that occurs on a low-carb weight loss program, numerous occasions the idea is that it’s simply due to the carbohydrate restriction. However fairly often, what occurs in a low-carb weight loss program is that the protein consumption goes up, as properly. After which there’s a spontaneous discount in calorie consumption, since you’re excluding or considerably lowering a complete class of macronutrient[s] with carbohydrates, and then you definitely’re growing the protein consumption, and folks naturally eat much less because of that.
Mike Matthews: And that’s been proven in quite a lot of research, as properly. You might have research that in the event you had been to only learn the summary, you would possibly conclude [that] a low-carb weight loss program is simply higher for fats loss than a high-carb weight loss program. However if you really learn the paper and also you have a look at the info, what you’ll discover is in each case, and I’ve written about this, and I’ve linked numerous these papers, and I’ve additionally then linked papers the place I feel the experiments had been carried out appropriately [but] incorrectly. And what you’ll discover is, to your level, in a single case, you’ll have it’s not low-carb versus high-carb. What they really had been doing is low-carb, high-protein versus low-protein, high-carb. In order that they’re not evaluating like with like. However in research the place energy are equated with protein consumption, the place these two issues are equal among the many individuals, carbohydrate consumption has had no significant impact on fats loss, whole fats loss, or fee of fats loss. That means that if you examine high-protein, high-carb, and also you examine that with high-protein, low-carb, and in the event you make the energy the identical, you get the identical outcomes by way of fats loss.
And once more, I might pull up no less than 10 papers, and there most likely are some newer ones that I haven’t even seen. However the weight of the proof is extraordinarily clear. And it’s additionally supported by the load of the anecdotal proof, which continues to be scientific proof. Like is anecdotal proof as scientifically highly effective as a meta-analysis of [randomized controlled trials]? No, in fact not. Nevertheless it’s nonetheless scientific proof. So if you have a look at the revealed literature, and also you go, okay, that’s attention-grabbing. And then you definitely go have a look at the anecdotal proof, once more, within the evidence-based health area, and also you rapidly study that actually each single particular person within the area who will get outcomes with themselves, who will get outcomes with their purchasers, all function on these assumptions, and with this mannequin, they usually get the identical forms of outcomes once more, and once more, and once more, there [is] some extent the place you simply conclude, okay, so that is true sufficient. This works very well.
Chris Kresser: Completely. Yeah. And as a clinician, my perspective has at all times been to search out what works and to keep away from dogma. And I feel if you’re working with folks frequently, whether or not you’re a clinician or a coach, I neglect who’s saying this was, but it surely’s one thing like, one of the best plan by no means survives the primary battle.
Mike Matthews: Yeah.
Chris Kresser: I’m paraphrasing, however you’ll be able to have essentially the most stunning concept you need by way of like, you can be a die-hard, low-carb advocate. And then you definitely begin working with girls, for instance, in your scientific follow who’re burning the candle at each ends, they usually’re elevating children and in addition working outdoors of the house and doing CrossFit and getting 5 hours of sleep an evening, they usually begin a low-carb weight loss program, and guess what occurs? They acquire weight quite than drop pounds.
Mike Matthews: And really feel horrible.
Chris Kresser: And really feel horrible and might’t operate and go additional into the catabolic gap, and [the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal] (HPA) axis begins breaking down additional. I’ve seen conditions the place a low-carb weight loss program works phenomenally properly, and I’ve seen conditions the place it’s a practice wreck. However what’s constant in my expertise, which matches yours, is a better protein consumption tends to work very properly for each muscle constructing and fats loss. And, in fact, there’s a correlation there.
Chris Kresser: I wish to speak just a little bit extra about precise energy coaching, as a result of I think about lots of people [who] are listening are like, oh, energy coaching, okay. Nicely, does that imply free weights? Does it imply body weight workouts? [What] does it imply?
Mike Matthews: Squats and deadlifts?
Chris Kresser: Yeah, squats and deadlifts. Does it imply the Nautilus machines on the health club? Does it imply the resistance bands? And just like the X3 type of, and varied related platforms like that? What qualifies as energy coaching? What are one of the best methods to get began for any individual who perhaps [is] not completely inexperienced with energy coaching. Perhaps they did it in highschool and after they had been enjoying soccer or no matter, however they haven’t carried out it for some time, or perhaps they’re fairly new to it. The place ought to they begin?
Mike Matthews: Within the ebook, I give newbie, intermediate, and superior applications for precisely this level. As a result of you’ll be able to’t begin everybody in the identical place, no less than if you wish to begin them optimally. And my earlier books like Larger, Leaner, Stronger for males, and I’d say the first, [at] least the goal demographic, once I wrote that ebook, guys from let’s say, 18 to 45 to 50. That’s actually who that ebook was written for. And in addition guys who’re able to squat, deadlift, [and] bench press. It’s okay if they begin with decrease weights. However that’s what this system entails. And in the event you can’t do these issues.
Chris Kresser: They will do these actions, they usually’re in a position to do them correctly and safely, they usually know what you’re speaking about if you say deadlift and squat. Yeah.
Mike Matthews: And, in fact, I present directions, and I attempt to give them as a lot of an on-ramp as I can. And we will make adjustments to workouts in the event that they don’t work. However as I discussed earlier within the podcast, that isn’t best for many individuals, particularly people who find themselves center aged or past and who’ve by no means carried out any of this type of stuff, or, such as you stated, perhaps they did just a little bit. Again in highschool, I might bench 405, proper? With like two inches of vary of movement, perhaps.
Chris Kresser: Proper, and your again arched off the bench.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, your butt is like two toes off the bench, proper? I feel the bar moved.
Chris Kresser: Proper.
Mike Matthews: In order that isn’t one of the best place. Now, mockingly, I’ve heard from many guys over time who’re 40, 50, 60, and past, who learn Larger, Leaner, Stronger and jumped into that, they usually made some modifications based mostly on, generally they attain[ed] out to me and I used to be in a position to assist them by means of it. Nevertheless it was clear to me that I wanted to create one thing that is a little more, let’s say person pleasant for the larger goal market so far as energy coaching goes. Which, to what you talked about, are individuals who haven’t carried out a lot of this, they haven’t carried out any of it or it’s been a very long time, they usually’re not in good condition. So the place do they begin?
Nicely, energy coaching, if you wish to merely outline it, [is] merely train that improves the energy of your muscle groups, improves the energy of your bones, and improves the energy of the connective tissues, your tendons, every part in your physique that will get stronger with good energy coaching. And the way you do that’s you do resistance coaching. So that you’re transferring your muscle groups towards some form of resistance. And within the case of free weights, or transferring towards gravity, in fact, you’ve a weight and also you’ve bought to maneuver it. Quite a lot of it’s choose[ing] the load up and put[ting] it down, mainly, and also you try this towards gravity. However you can too use machines, you should use bands, you should use your physique weight, [and] you should use TRX and different contraptions. The important thing, although, is that you’ve your muscle groups working towards resistance. And the place any individual begins relies upon the place they’re at. So within the newbie program within the ebook, this might be for individuals who have most likely by no means lifted weights earlier than, or perhaps they did it a very long time in the past they usually now aren’t sturdy, and they aren’t snug simply leaping into the health club and deadlifting and squatting. And that’s many males and many ladies.
So within the newbie program, for instance, it’s mainly all body weight coaching. There are perhaps one or two dumbbell workouts the place you’re holding dumbbells, however most of it’s simply working together with your body weight. And the rationale that works is you’re the place you’re at together with your energy. And by working your muscle groups towards resistance, they’re going to get stronger. After which what we do is we make it just a little bit tougher. And there are other ways to make it just a little bit tougher. However the simplest way and the best solution to make your coaching simpler is to maneuver extra weight. So with body weight workouts, there are completely different variations, for instance, which are tougher than others. For those who consider a easy body weight squat, okay, that’s one body weight train. Now consider a one-legged squat, additionally known as a pistol squat, which you can do; it takes numerous stability to do correctly. However if you wish to take that factor out of it, which is okay, in the event you simply wish to use it to strengthen your legs, you’ll be able to simply maintain on to one thing so it helps you retain your stability, proper? However now you might be squatting everything of your physique weight on one leg at a time. And there are a few different variations of decrease physique workouts which you can work by means of to work as much as that pistol squat.
So [in the] newbie program, you begin with simply your physique weight; you don’t should go to the health club. And there are a pair [of] dumbbell workouts, which might be changed by body weight workouts, actually. So bands are helpful, as properly; I speak about utilizing bands within the ebook. They’re cheap for folks listening. They’re identical to large rubber bands, mainly. After which you should use them in numerous methods so as to add resistance to make the train just a little bit tougher. After which, ultimately, what is going to occur is after most likely if any individual’s beginning model new to all these items, inside the first three to 6 months, they’re going to plateau on simply body weight issues as a result of you’ll be able to solely get so inventive with simply your physique weight and with bands and with TRX. You’ll be able to actually then if any individual had been to say, let’s say they did six months of that, they usually’re very proud of the outcomes, they usually had been to say, “Hey, I’m joyful to only keep right here, really. I don’t care to get any larger or stronger or fitter than this. That is good for me.” You had talked about snowboarding. Perhaps the rationale they’re doing it’s to allow them to play tennis higher, and that they’ve achieved that they usually don’t wish to go [to] the health club and spend extra; they wish to simply play extra tennis. And so then, they may simply preserve doing that, once more, a few occasions per week; they may do these modified. They’ve made them harder, however actually simply doing body weight resistance coaching, exercise energy coaching exercises. But when they wish to then improve their health to the subsequent degree, they should make the workouts tougher. They should make the resistance higher; they should pressure their muscle groups to contract tougher. That’s actually what it comes all the way down to. Power their muscle groups to supply extra rigidity. And so now we begin speaking about machines, free weights. And customarily talking, free weights are simpler for constructing muscle, for gaining energy than machines, which means that you will acquire muscle and energy quicker. And this has been proven in analysis; you’re going to realize muscle and energy quicker with free weights than you might be with machines. Nevertheless, that doesn’t imply that you need to practice with free weights.
Once more, one thing you had talked about earlier on the podcast, which is a superb level, is that, and I actually wish to make that clear with this ebook, folks shouldn’t assume that they should do much more than they really should do or should do excessive issues they see on Instagram to get into good condition. You actually don’t. And if any individual desires to get to the purpose the place they’re deadlifting 400 kilos, squatting 300 kilos, they may attempt to work towards that. However that’s to this point into the remaining little.
Chris Kresser: You’re properly past the 80/20 rule.
Mike Matthews: Twenty p.c, yeah, of what’s remaining. It’s important to work extraordinarily onerous for it, proper?
Chris Kresser: Yeah.
Mike Matthews: However to get the 80 p.c, you don’t should do any of that stuff.
Chris Kresser: Proper, yeah. There [are] diminishing returns for that sort of effort.
Mike Matthews: Precisely.
Chris Kresser: I see perhaps it appears to have settled down just a little bit, however for a interval of years, there was [a high-intensity interval training] (HIIT) craze, the place it was like seven minutes per week.
Mike Matthews: I used to be into it myself.
Chris Kresser: You will get the identical outcomes as in the event you spend three hours per week. And there [are] varied applications which are based mostly on this. I discussed X3, John Jaquish’s program. And numerous these nonetheless insist, hey, you simply want to do that. It’s like 12 minutes a day, and it’s frequent, perhaps 4 days per week or one thing like that when you ramp up. However what’s your tackle that versus a extra conventional program the place you’re doing deadlifts and squats and bench press, and also you’re doing that, such as you stated, three hours per week; perhaps you’re going to [the] health club thrice per week or one thing like that.
Mike Matthews: I’m all for [a] minimal efficient dose if that’s applicable to the particular person’s objectives and circumstances, and in the event that they perceive that the minimal efficient dose isn’t as efficient if we’re merely speaking about bottom-line outcomes as greater than that. And, in fact, then you’ll be able to attain the purpose of diminishing returns, such as you talked about, and going past that simply turns into extra and can also be most likely not applicable for most individuals. However the candy spot, so to talk, for gaining, once more, let’s have a look at it within the 80/20 perspective the place you’re going to realize 80 p.c of the muscle in energy; you’re going to realize it at 80 p.c of the speed that you can out of one hundred pc. It takes greater than 12-minute exercises. And I’m acquainted with a number of the arguments made for [going] very intense for a brief time period. And if we speak concerning the cardio HIIT craze, [that’s] nonetheless very a lot a factor; I feel it was a bit larger 10 years in the past than it’s now, and we have a look at how analysis has progressed on HIIT. Whereas as soon as it was no less than theorized that not solely are you burning much more energy with high-intensity interval coaching, however there additionally appeared to be some further fat-burning mechanisms that come into play. You’re getting the pure calorie burn plus you’re getting these mechanistic magnifiers, so to talk. So that you’re burning much more fats.
Now the load of the proof is that it’s largely simply the calorie burning. That means that if you wish to simply blast it, you wish to burn a bunch of energy in 20 minutes, you’re employed actually onerous, and HIIT is actually good for that. However take into account that if you have a look at what persons are doing in research on HIIT, actual correct HIIT may be very onerous. It’s most likely lots tougher than the common particular person at house hopping on the bike doing what they suppose is HIIT. And simply to place that in perspective, when you find yourself doing all your 3 second dash or 6 second dash, it must be so onerous that you just actually can’t speak. Perhaps you may get out single phrases, such as you’re gasping for air.
Chris Kresser: You’re at most effort.
Mike Matthews: That sure, that’s how onerous.
Chris Kresser: Like operating away from a lion that’s chasing you.
Mike Matthews: Right. Yeah.
Chris Kresser: [And] most individuals have a tough time summoning that degree of effort on a [crosstalk].
Mike Matthews: Merely to burn some energy.
Chris Kresser: Common exercise, yeah.
Mike Matthews: Precisely. The identical could be stated of that sort of methodology utilized to resistance coaching. I want it had been true. I want I might say, actually, yeah, simply do my 12-minute exercises, and it’s going to be simpler than the one-hour exercises that the energy coaching man is telling you to do.
Chris Kresser: Yeah.
Mike Matthews: However that’s simply not the case. The scientific proof isn’t there, and the anecdotal proof is actually not there. You’d should marvel, then, what are all these bodybuilders doing? Do they simply not know what they’re doing? Why don’t they simply do 12-minute exercises?
Chris Kresser: Yeah, it’s true. You’ll be able to say what you need about bodybuilders and their strategies, however they’re efficient, proper?
Mike Matthews: The outcomes converse for themselves.
Chris Kresser: The outcomes converse for themselves, they usually’re usually forward of the curve as a result of they should be, proper? The distinction between the winner and the not winner is mainly being forward of the curve and understanding, together with genetics and another issues, however yeah.
Mike Matthews: Even in the event you take medication out of it, even in the event you follow really pure bodybuilders. There most likely aren’t that a lot of them on the market, however they’re on the market.
Chris Kresser: Proper.
Mike Matthews: I really do know a couple of. And within the instances of people who I’m pondering of, they’re good folks. They work in academia, and also you had commented about as a clinician, being very all in favour of what works, and good bodybuilders are related in that they’re very all in favour of what works they usually’re at all times on the lookout for methods to tweak issues. And once more, sadly, are you able to get an efficient exercise carried out in 12 minutes? To some extent, yeah. We’re going to should outline what we imply by efficient, however it’ll have an impact. It’s higher than not doing it, actually.
Chris Kresser: Proper. Yeah.
Mike Matthews: If I might get them to do 30 or 45 minutes, I’d like to see it.
Chris Kresser: It might be higher. As somebody who has been very busy over the previous 10 years, I used to be, like anyone else, drawn to these sorts of strategies. And I did Physique by Science for some time period, which you most likely are acquainted with, and I’ve carried out a number of the X3 stuff. After which I discovered my manner again to extra like beginning energy, extra type of conventional program, Olympic weightlifting fashion and have settled into like, yeah, that’s simply the time dedication that must be made. [I do] 30 to 45 minutes a couple of occasions per week for energy coaching, after which the remainder of the stuff I do is one hundred pc for enjoyable but in addition occurs to be nice train like snowboarding or particularly alpine terrain the place you’re snowboarding uphill after which downhill, and it was an outstanding exercise.
Mike Matthews: Snowboarding downhill is difficult.
Chris Kresser: Snowboarding uphill, yeah, going 2,500 toes up a hill after which snowboarding downhill first. And I realized to inline skate final summer time as a part of my ski coaching. I wish to have enjoyable once I’m exercising, as a result of I discover that if I try this, I’m way more more likely to keep it up. However the core of what by no means adjustments is the energy coaching routine. And I’m at all times altering every part else round that. However I’ve realized that it’s type of like brushing my enamel.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, that’s a sensible manner of it.
Chris Kresser: I simply don’t give it some thought. I simply go and I do it. And truly, I do get pleasure from it. Nevertheless it’s one thing that’s simply inbuilt at this level.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, and that’s what I’m hoping to unfold the phrase with this new ebook and hoping to get extra folks on that bandwagon of, hey, even when it’s only a couple [of] hours per week. And one thing I ought to point out that’s related, if we’re speaking about shorter exercises, is you’ll be able to take, let’s say it’s 30 or 45 minutes of labor, and break that up into a couple of 10- or 15-minute exercises. Let’s say you’ve just a little setup at house, and also you don’t have a 45-minute block of time to do this complete exercise. You possibly can do quarter-hour within the morning after which quarter-hour, let’s say, at lunch, after which quarter-hour later; perhaps it’s after dinner. And also you may need to spend just a little bit extra time. I’m speaking about perhaps 5 or 10 minutes whole warming up, relying on what you’re doing. You would possibly do a pair [of] additional warm-up units than you’ll do in any other case. However that works properly. That works with not simply energy coaching, however cardiovascular or something. You don’t should do a strong block of 30, 45, 60 minutes.
Chris Kresser: I’m glad you introduced that up. That was positively my technique. [For] each books that I wrote, I had to do this, as a result of with household and different commitments, I simply didn’t have that a lot time. And I didn’t dwell near a health club, so I had some gear at house, and I’d simply incorporate it all through my day, mainly. And that was [crosstalk].
Mike Matthews: Yep, it really works nice. Okay, I’ll do my bench presses now; I’ve 10 or quarter-hour.
Chris Kresser: That’s proper. Each time you’ll be able to match it in. Precisely.
Mike Matthews: Yeah, your physique doesn’t care.
Chris Kresser: No. So Mike, the ebook is Muscle for Life: Get Lean, Robust, and Wholesome at Any Age!, popping out in January 2022. And inform folks the place they’ll study extra about it and study additionally extra about your work basically.
Mike Matthews: It will depend on when this interview goes to go dwell; on November fifteenth, I’m going to do an entire ebook launch bonanza and have enjoyable with it and provides folks free bonus materials, and we’re going to do an enormous giveaway. It seems to be like we’re gonna have no less than $10,000 of stuff that we’re going to be freely giving to individuals who purchase the ebook or preorder it. In order that’s all going to be at MuscleForLifeBook.com. And if this
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goes up earlier than then, folks can preorder the ebook proper now, however simply save your receipt, after which ensure to go over to that URL after November fifteenth and get some cool stuff and get entered into the giveaway. And in any other case, folks can discover my articles, and I’ve a podcast, as properly, known as Muscle For Life. And I really had an internet site; it was actually only a glorified weblog. I began it in March 2013 known as Muscle For Life. So I assume that is perhaps like, don’t artists do that generally? Like musicians the place, later of their profession, they launch an album that’s like simply the title of the band, what I imply?
So I’ve had this Muscle For Life property I assume in numerous incarnations, and now it’s going to be a ebook. However in any other case, folks can discover all my stuff at LegionAthletics.com. It’s a sports activities diet firm, however that is also, in the event you go over to the weblog, for instance, we most likely have no less than 2 million phrases revealed simply from me, and I’ve a crew of people that additionally write. I imply, not as me; they write as themselves, however there’s numerous stuff from me [and] numerous stuff from individuals who work with me. We’ve my podcast there. And Legion’s web site is type of my on-line hub.
Chris Kresser: Nice. I actually loved the dialog. I feel persons are going to get lots out of this. I’d extremely advocate the ebook. It looks like it’s an amazing useful resource for anyone coming to this from any level, and I like that you just’re not simply limiting it to the normal health demographic however to individuals who could be of their 60s who’re fascinated by this as a result of they’re positively the underserved relating to the significance of energy coaching, and I’m joyful to have a ebook to advocate to them in my clinic. As a result of as we’ve talked about, I’m an enormous believer within the significance of this, and I see one of the best outcomes again and again from a persistent sickness perspective, and in addition growing old and people who find themselves in a position to keep energy and construct energy, and it’s by no means too late. I’ve had sufferers of their 60s and 70s even begin energy coaching for the primary time ever of their life and nonetheless see enormous advantages. So it’s actually essential.
Mike Matthews: I speak about it within the ebook; there’s analysis [on] folks [in their] 70s, 80s gaining muscle, gaining appreciable quantities of muscle, appreciable quantities of energy; it actually is rarely too late. It’s solely too late to realize perhaps the entire muscle that you can have gained in the event you would have began if you had been 20. However who cares about that? That doesn’t imply something.
Chris Kresser: Precisely. Yeah, you won’t be jacked, however you’re going to be wholesome and dwell an extended life.
Mike Matthews: And also you’re going to look nice, you’re going to really feel nice, [and] you’re going to have the ability to ski and do [physical activities].
Chris Kresser: Yeah, completely. That’s the essential factor. Thanks once more for approaching the present, Mike. Try the ebook, everyone, and preserve sending your questions in to ChrisKresser.com/podcastquestion.
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- Robotic Decision Making Laboratory git hub repository.
- C++ implemention of the Budget-Constrained Distortion Minimization RRT (BCDM-RRT) for motion planning in sensor networks. The package depends on the Open Motion Planning Library (OMPL). See the BCDM-RRT publications and the README file in the software package for more information.
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- Data from various autonomous field trials (Matlab files).
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Myths and Legends of All Nations Famous Stories from the Greek, German, English, Spanish, Scandinavian, Danish, French, Russian, Bohemian, Italian and other sources
Page: 93And as he spake the old man cast a spear, but aimless and without force, which pierced not even the boss of the shield. Then said the son of Achilles, "Go thou and tell my father of his unworthy son and all these evils deeds. And that thou mayest tell him die!" And as he spake he caught in his left hand the old man's white hair and dragged him, slipping the while in the blood of his own son, to the altar, and then, lifting his sword high for a blow, drove it to the hilt in the old man's side. So King Priam, who had ruled mightily over many peoples and countries in the land of Asia, was slain that night, having first seen Troy burning about him and his citadel laid even with the ground. So was his carcass cast out upon the earth, headless and without a name.
BEOWULF AND GRENDEL
Long ago there ruled over the Danes a king called Hrothgar. He gained success and glory in war, so that his loyal kinsmen willingly obeyed him, and everything prospered in his land.
One day it came into his mind that he would build a princely banquet-hall, where he might entertain both the young and old of his kingdom; and he had the work widely made known to many a tribe over the earth, so that they might bring rich gifts to beautify the hall.
In course of time the banquet-house was built and towered aloft, high and battlemented. Then Hrothgar gave it the name of Heorot, and called his guests to the banquet, and gave them gifts of rings and other treasures; and afterwards every day the joyous sound of revelry rang loud in the hall, with the music of the harp and the clear notes of the singers.
But it was not long before the pleasure of the king's men was broken, for a wicked demon began to work mischief against them. This cruel spirit was called Grendel, and he dwelt on the moors and among the fens. One night he came to Heorot when the noble guests lay at rest after the feast, and seizing thirty thanes as they slept, set off on his homeward journey, exulting in his booty.
At break of day his deed was known to all men, and great was the grief among the thanes. The good King Hrothgar also sat in sorrow, suffering heavy distress for the death of his warriors.
Not long afterwards Grendel again appeared, and wrought a yet worse deed of murder. After that the warriors no longer dared to sleep at Heorot, but sought out secret resting-places, leaving the great house empty.
[Pg 165] A long time passed. For the space of twelve winters Grendel waged a perpetual feud against Hrothgar and his people; the livelong night he roamed over the misty moors, visiting Heorot, and destroying both the tried warriors and the young men whenever he was able. Hrothgar was broken-hearted, and many were the councils held in secret to deliberate what it were best to do against these fearful terrors; but nothing availed to stop the fiend's ravages.
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If you want to start taking classes at an Ivy League university unenrolled and undetected, says Guillaume Dumas, a 28-year-old Canadian, start with big lecture courses. If you must sit in on a smaller seminar class, it’s important to show up consistently starting with the first session, instead of halfway through the semester. Also, one of the best alibis is that you’re enrolled as a liberal-arts student. “That's the kind of program that's filled with everything and that you expect people to be a bit weird, a bit confused about what they do,” he says.
From 2008 to 2012, Dumas claims he did stints on a number of elite North American universities—Yale, Brown, UC Berkeley, Stanford, and McGill, to name a few—sitting in on classes, attending parties, and living near campus as if he were an enrolled student. This deception may sound like a lead-up to a true-crime story, but Dumas’s exploits appear to be harmless, done in a spirit of curiosity. "A lot of students are bored in class," he observes, "so if you participate, if you ask questions, if you are genuinely interested in the class, I think the teacher will like you."
I became interested in Dumas’s tale after he emailed me three weeks ago, but I was skeptical, as I would be of any out-of-the-blue note promising a juicy story. Even as I went about confirming what he told me—talking to students he’d met, asking for pictures of him on campus—I didn’t find anything to disprove what he was saying. The facts of his story were not implausible.
More importantly, the concept of his story wasn't implausible either: As tuition costs have skyrocketed, it makes sense that people might try to siphon off some of the benefits of college without paying. While the specifics of what Dumas told me may be hard to confirm, the fact remains that a young adult could conceivably infiltrate a college campus without paying tuition. What might this say about the monetary value of a diploma? And can its component parts—learning, socializing, networking—be unbundled? If so, what would remain?
According to his friends, Dumas is something of a free spirit, and as a teenager was rarely seen without his longboard. His parents didn't insist that he go to college, but Dumas says he began his higher education because he thought he wanted to be a psychologist. He enrolled at a city college in his native Quebec in the mid-aughts. “I started college at 19, and I did that because that's what everybody does,” he says. He started on an academic track to earn a degree in psychology, but he was too intellectually omnivorous to stick with a single discipline.
So he began taking classes in which he wasn't enrolled. “I was just sneaking into classrooms in literature and philosophy and poli-sci and even psychiatry,” he says. Soon, sitting in on classes he wasn't signed up for started to feel natural. “I just found out how to do it. When to hide. What kind of alibi to have or to behave with other students—what to tell, what not to tell,” he says. He erred on the side of staying secretive.
Dumas started taking classes at other campuses nearby: Concordia University, University of Montreal, and McGill University. He started thinking bigger. Providence, Rhode Island, the home of Brown University, was fewer than six hours away by car, and New Haven wasn’t much farther. Dumas says he attended Yale in the spring of 2009, couchsurfing for about a month, and he spent time at Brown too. He says he was taking classes and spending only a few hundred dollars a month, most of it on alcohol for parties. When he later went to UC Berkeley, where he lived at a campus co-op for about two months, his expenses were larger—$600 or $700 a month, in his estimation. While at these schools, he reaped most of the perks of college: learning, partying, and meeting intelligent, like-minded people.
Full tuition at Yale for the 2014-2015 school year, which includes room, board, and books, is $63,250. This breaks down to a little over $7,000 per month during Yale’s academic school year, which means Dumas was getting most of the selling points of college at about a tenth of the cost. At Berkeley, average tuition (which includes in-state and out-of-state students) is about $28,000, but that still works out to more than $3,000 per month. Of course, many students at both colleges receive some form of financial aid, but these are the sticker prices of diplomas there, and many students pay them in full. (This is especially true of international students, who have a much harder time qualifying for financial-aid packages.)
Representatives from some of the schools Dumas attended said that his story is quite rare, though not unheard of. A spokesperson from Stanford said that a student would be asked to leave campus if he or she was attending class without authorization, but added, “Stanford has a relatively small student body and a close-knit student community. It would be challenging for someone to go unnoticed.” Yale’s spokesperson said that someone like Dumas would be trespassing, and noted that he could instead take some of the free courses Yale offers online.
Ollivier Dyens, deputy provost of student life and learning at McGill, explained why his university wasn’t worried about this sort of activity. “Not a lot of people will go through all of this without having some sort of credentials attached to it,” he says. Dyens is right: Most people go to college primarily to get a piece of paper, and learning is something that happens incidentally. The perceived value of a diploma is so high, in fact, that 50,000 fake Ph.D.s are estimated to be purchased every year, a figure only made more striking by the fact that annually, only 40,000 Ph.D.s are legitimately earned.
But according to Dumas, one of the best perks of college that’s available for free is the networking. “I think more than anything it’s meeting people. It's contacts. It's social capital. The kind of people I met in Berkeley or in Yale, I don't know anywhere else in the world with so many smart, cool, open-minded, crazy people can be concentrated,” he says. “And when you think of all the dropouts right now that start companies and stuff, it's all people that didn't need a diploma, that didn't need to pay anything. They went to school to open their minds and meet friends, or meet strategy partners, or something like that.”
From this vantage point, a diploma starts to look a lot like a receipt printed on fine cardstock. It is proof not that one has learned something in college, but that one has paid for it. Without a diploma, how can Dumas prove to anyone—a potential employer, or even me—that he’s undergone an intellectually stimulating experience?
But these days, you don’t need a degree to become wildly successful, as Mark Zuckerberg and countless other young entrepreneurs have demonstrated. Researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and MIT found that what matters more than anything else in a job application is whether the candidate knows someone at the company.
Dumas himself started a dating service catered toward upscale clientele, and he says it gives him a dependable income. “There’s never been so many career or business opportunities in the world that don’t require a proper diploma,” he says. His thinking aligns with skeptics such as Peter Thiel, whose eponymous fellowship grants young people $100,000 to pursue business ventures instead of studying at a university.
At the same time, the benefits of a college diploma are starkly apparent. As of January, the unemployment rate for Americans who hadn’t finished high school was 8.5 percent. For those who had finished high school but not their secondary education, it was 5.4 percent. But among college grads, this figure was only 2.8 percent. There is the often-cited disparity in earnings as well: In 2012, young adults without a high-school degree earned a median income of $22,900, while those with a high-school degree earned $30,000 and those with a college degree earned $46,900.
Dumas admits that his approach wouldn't work if everyone did it. But he does believe that it could work for some people (just not those who need their degrees to function as technical certifications or licenses, like engineers or doctors). “There might be a better interest in not paying tuition and keeping that money to travel the world and launch a business than having your diploma in philosophy from, I don't know, Johns Hopkins,” Dumas says.
He doesn’t know whether his idea could truly be scaled, but estimates that 5,000 or 10,000 people could follow his lead and go undetected. “I mean, we would not notice,” he says. “They will just disappear in the huge institution.”
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And while UV rays make up a small portion of the sun's rays, they're the main cause of sun damage on the skin.
Nationwide rates of melanoma have more than tripled since the 1970s, despite better screening methods, more public awareness, and continued advances in treatment and diagnosis.
» RELATED: 10 ways to prevent hot car deaths
For every 100,000 people in the country, 21 new melanoma cases were reported from 2011-2015. Three died of cancer. In Georgia, the rate of new melanoma cases during that time range was even higher: 26.2 per 100,000 residents.
Here are some lesser-known skin cancer facts, plus tips on keeping your skin protected year-round.
Skin cancer isn't just about a bad sunburn
Many people with skin cancer were often surprised by their diagnosis, because they didn't necessarily have recent sunburns.
» RELATED: New 'tan in a bottle' drug could prevent cancer, study says
But the truth is, when it comes to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the two most common types of skin cancer, cumulative sun exposure – the kind that occurs over weeks and months and years – is just as damaging to your skin.
That means a week of laying by the pool for an hour poses about the same risk as one 7-hour beach day.
A cloudy day doesn't mean you're protected
Most of us know that we need sunscreen when it's bright and sunny, but what about when it's overcast?
The Skin Cancer Foundation estimates that up to 80 percent of the sun's harmful rays reach us on cloudy days -- which means you aren't protected simply because the sun isn't out.
What's more, UVA rays -- the one's responsible for skin aging, freckling and wrinkles, can pass through car windows, office windows and other types of glass. So, just because you're indoors, doesn't necessarily mean you're protected, either.
» RELATED: 7 surprising things that can increase your risk of cancer
Skin cancer doesn't always look like a mole
There are three different types of skin cancer, and a mole is only symptomatic of one.
Basal cell carcinoma can appear as a persistent pearly, or skin-colored bump that may crust or bleed. Squamous cell carcinoma can appear as a patch of thick, scaly skin with raised edges. They may also crust or bleed, and usually won't heal or go away on their own.
Melanomas can be a mole. But they can also look like a bump or blemish that bleeds, itches or changes color, size, shape, consistency or diameter. Concerned about a mole or mark on your skin? Try the ABCDE method.
» RELATED: Sugar can fuel cancerous cells, study says
The difference in SPF protection isn't as big as you think
Skin protection factor, or SPF, is the amount of sun required to burn the skin while wearing sunscreen. And higher isn't always better. Sometimes it can actually be worse, because many people will apply a high SPF sunscreen thinking they can stay out in the sun longer, which isn't true.
SPF 15 blocks around 94 percent of UV rays; SPF 30 blocks around 97 percent. An SPF of 50 will block about 98 percent of UV rays, while an SPF of 100 blocks 99 percent.
And none offer 100 percent protection.
To keep your skin protected:
- Wear sunscreen every day – rain or shine, indoors or out.
- Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or greater 30 minutes before heading outside.
- If you plan on swimming, or participating in an activity that will cause you to sweat excessively, reapply sunscreen every two hours.
- Experts recommend using about one ounce when applying sunblock, or about one shot glass-full, depending on your body size.
- Avoid indoor tanning beds.
- Do a self skin-check monthly. Get undressed and take stock of freckles, moles and other marks using a mirror. If you notice that any of those marks are changing as time goes by, or they aren't healing, schedule an appointment with your dermatologist.
- Skin cancer is easy to treat and cure when it's caught early, so make sure you're keeping up with annul skin exams with your dermatologist.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and burn wound infections. Few studies have investigated the role of PA in electrocardiogram parameters (ECGs) with acute infection. We hypothesized that PA induces adverse ECGs effects in mice. After inoculation with wild-type strain PA14, the mucoid CF isolate FRD1 (mucA22+), which produces extensive alginate and has a natural mucoid phenotype, and the PA14algD- strain that cannot produce alginate, were evaluated by computerized electrocardiographic. ECG conduction changes were present in the P wave, the R-R interval and heart frequency in all PA strains and the PR interval were significantly prolonged with PA infection with PA14 algD- and FRD1, compared to the control (P < 0.05), indicating slowed atrial and atrial-ventricular conduction. We conclude that PA produces bradycardia and demonstrated dramatic decreases in other ECGs associated with exposure to wild-type and mutant from PA. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which PA affects cardiac conduction remain uncertain.
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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How did High-tech Precision Ceramics come into being?
Post Views: 1,595
High-tech precision ceramics mainly refer to high-temperature hard ceramics, the hardness and high-temperature resistance of which are greatly enhanced due to the addition of the precious metal titanium or iridium in this kind of ceramic materials.
In 2000, Chanel drew inspiration from the streamline shape of rowing boats in the sailing world and developed a unique material. Natural mineral powders of zirconium dioxide and yttrium roasted at over 1000 degrees Celsius and then tested by a number of precision strict procedures and machine polishing, finally, a high-tech precision ceramics got. This high-tech precision ceramics gives off a deep, dark sheen, which caused a sensation when it first appeared at Chanel wrist watch jewelry store in Paris’s Fontainebleau square. The watch chain made of this precision ceramic is attached to the wrist like a second layer of skin, which naturally senses body temperature and is not as cold or hard as a metal. Ceramics have never been so delicate in the field of tabulation before.
High-tech precision ceramics have many excellent properties, such as lightweight, high hardness, non-wear, non-fading, and comfort, etc. Therefore, it is favored by modern watchmaking industry and is mainly used for making watch cases and watch straps. For example, adopting high-tech ceramics has become the brand characteristics of the Swiss watchmaking brands Rado and Chanel J12 series.
High-tech precision ceramics are mostly white, silver gray and black, which are closely related to the added elements. Ceramic coated with titanium will appear silver gray, such as Chanel J12CHROMATIC titanium ceramic watches. It is made of high-tech precision titanium ceramic, which is not only light and wear-resistant, but also has the property of constant temperature and can absorb the body surface temperature, so it is very comfortable to wear. The ceramic with iridium metal is mostly white, for example, Chanel J12 white wrist watch once launched a wave of white wrist watch trend. Chanel J12 black wrist watch added natural mineral powder consisting of zirconia and yttrium, and this high-tech precision ceramics gives off a deep, dark sheen, which makes black to extreme nobility. Of course, there are also RADO radar meters which apply the ultra-light high-tech ceramic Si3N4TiN to the diamond bar series wrist watches, which makes them appear different old bronze colors.
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What is nuesearch.com?
nuesearch.com is a search engine that might be set on your browsers without permission. This browser hijacker usually enters MAC computers only and does not touch Windows; however, if you ever detect it on your computer with Windows, you have to remove nuesearch.com too. If you do not listen to our advice and keep this search engine on your browsers, you might cause harm to your computer really quickly. Unfortunately, you might experience some problems even if you do not use this search engine to find the information on the web. Further in this article we will explain you what you need to do next in order to delete nuesearch.com from browsers. Therefore, read it very attentively.
How does nuesearch.com work?
nuesearch.com looks quite decent, but we still do not recommend using this search engine because it might provide you with untrustworthy search results and thus expose you to potential threats. We are sure that there are no users who want to cause harm to their systems, so we suggest that you uninstall nuesearch.com right now and set another trustworthy search engine immediately. It is recommended to do that not only because it might redirect to bad web pages with malware. If you have ever encountered search.lexside.com or search.opinteks.com, which are similar hijackers, we are sure that you suspect that nuesearch.com might also record information about users. It declares that it primarily records non-personal information like IP address, search queries, and browsing history; however, malware experts say that nuesearch.com might record personal information too. This personal data usually consists of name, surname, and address. Even though these details do not seem very important, they might be used for really bad activities because they will, most likely, be transferred to third-party companies. In fact, cyber criminals might also access your personal data too, so you might experience privacy-related problems really quickly.
How did nuesearch.com appear on my browsers?
There is a small possibility that you have set nuesearch.com yourself; however, it is more likely that you have installed some kind of free program and did not uncheck the corresponding checkbox during the installation process. Yes, the majority of browser hijackers travel in software bundles together with other programs. As there are so many similar threats on the web, we highly recommend that you install a security tool on your computer. If you update it from time to time and keep active, malicious software should not enter your system ever again.
How to delete nuesearch.com from browsers?
Even though it is not very easy to remove nuesearch.com, you should still do that as soon as possible because you might experience redirections to bad web pages and your privacy might be violated. You can implement the manual or automatic nuesearch.com removal. Of course, you are the one who can decide which method to employ; however, we highly recommend that you go for the automatic nuesearch.com removal if you are a less experienced user and/or never tried erasing malicious software independently. We want to remind you that you have to use only trustworthy security tool.
WiperSoft.com is not sponsored, affiliated, linked to or owned by malware developers or distributors that are referred to in this article. The article does NOT endorse or promote malicious programs. The intention behind it is to present useful information that will help users to detect and eliminate malware from their computer by using WiperSoft and/or the manual removal guide.
The article should only be used for educational purposes. If you follow the instructions provided in the article, you agree to be bound by this disclaimer. We do not guarantee that the article will aid you in completely removing the malware from your PC. Malicious programs are constantly developing, which is why it is not always easy or possible to clean the computer by using only the manual removal guide.
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GDP, Technical Change, and the Measurement of Net Income: the Weitzman Model Revisited
NBER Working Paper No. 16010
We show how technical change, measured as a shift in the GDP function, is combined with net income to track welfare change. This provides a bridge between the productivity literature and the welfare-related literature that tends to reason in terms of net product functions: although the relevant income measure is net of depreciation, productivity is measured based on gross output. We show that net product, net income, net expenditure and productivity change are complements, not substitutes. We also examine whether holding gains and losses should be part of depreciation and conclude that in a general equilibrium setting, either productivity change or holding gains should be part of an extended Weitzman-type net income measure, but not both.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w16010
Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded these:
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Follow the link below for a free, hands-on, character education guide PDF that reinforces literacy and common core standards in the primary grades.
About the Book:
It's a pretty doll's world as beautiful Emily-Nicole, Lilly-Kate, and Chloλ-Anne perch on the tippy top bookcase shelf in little Tasha's bedroom day after day. Yet it's Gracie, the purple-eyed, one-armed, spiky haired doll who's won the snuggly arms and heart of Tasha. Only Emily-Nicole will have none of it. Little does Tasha know that when the lights go out in her room, the doll wars begin. . ..PRETTY DOLLS is a charming children's picture book that addresses the universal themes of jealousy, love, and friendship. Reviewed and endorsed by librarians and teachers across the country as an ideal classroom resource for teaching character education, pro-social skills, and anti-bullying strategies, PRETTY DOLLS has won awards from the Pacific Northwest Writers Association and Reader Views as Best Children's Picture Book of the Year. It is recommended and endorsed by the award-winning educational websites: TeachingBooks.net and StoryCub.org.
How to Use this Guide:
Expressly designed for the primary grades, The Pretty Dolls Character Education Curriculum Guide is a student/teacher-friendly, hands-on classroom resource. It includes the following items:
Introduction -- Page 1
Kids' Bookclub Discussion Questions -- Page 2-3
Pretty Dolls Book Questions -- Page 4
Kindness/Respect Reflection Sheets -- Page 5-6
Draw a Scene -- Page 7
Reader's Theater -- Page 8-9
Pretty Dolls Coloring Page -- Gracie and Tasha -- Page 10
After reading PRETTY DOLLS, the teacher may use the Kids' Book Club Discussion Questions as a way to engage children on exploring the importance of respect and fair treatment of others. Students can complete the Book Questions, Kindness/Respect Reflection Sheets, Draw a Scene, and Coloring Page independently. Students may then share their work with the class, small group, or partner. Reader's Theater is an interactive literacy activity that can be performed in small groups or as a class. The script includes parts for boys, including Tasha's father and Victor, the dog.
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BENEDICT XVI - CANTICLE IN ST PAUL'S LETTER TO THE COLOSSIANS (1: 3, 12-20)
Wednesday, 4 January 2006
Canticle in St Paul's Letter
to the Colossians (1: 3, 12-20)
"All the fullness of God'
Evening Prayer - Wednesday of the Fourth Week
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
1. At this first General Audience of the New Year let us pause to meditate on the famous Christological Hymn contained in the Letter to the Colossians which constitutes, as it were, the solemn entrance into the wealth of this Pauline text; it is also a doorway through which to enter this year.
The hymn proposed for our reflection is framed by a rich expression of thanks (cf. vv. 3, 12-14). It helps us to create the spiritual atmosphere required to live well these first days of 2006 and our long journey throughout the new year (cf. vv. 15-20).
The praise of the Apostle, together with our praise, rises up to "God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (cf. v. 3), the source of that salvation which is described using negative and positive images: first as having "delivered us from the power of darkness" (cf. v. 13), that is, as "redemption, the forgiveness of sins" (v. 14), and then re-presented as "the inheritance of the saints in light" (v. 12) and as the entrance "to the Kingdom of his beloved Son" (v. 13).
2. At this point the great and full Hymn unfolds: its centre is Christ and it exalts his primacy and work both in Creation and in the history of Redemption (cf. vv. 15-20). Thus, the Canticle has two movements. In the first movement, Christ is presented as the Firstborn of all creation, Christ "generated before every creature" (cf. v. 15). Indeed, he is "the image of the invisible God" and this expression has the same impact that the "icon" has in Eastern culture: it is not only the likeness that is emphasized but the profound intimacy with the subject that is represented.
Christ visibly re-proposes among us the "invisible God". In him we see the face of God through the common nature that unites them. By virtue of his most exalted dignity, Christ precedes "all things", not only because of his eternity, but also and especially in his creative and provident work: "in him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible... and in him all things hold together" (cf. vv. 16-17). Indeed, they were also created "for him" (v. 16).
And so St Paul points out to us a very important truth: history has a destination, a direction. History moves toward humanity united in Christ and thus moves in the direction of the perfect man, toward the perfect humanism.
In other words, St Paul tells us: yes, there is progress in history. There is, we could say, an evolution of history. Progress is all that which brings us closer to Christ and thus closer to a united humanity, to true humanism. And so, hidden within these indications there is also an imperative for us: to work for progress, something that we all want. We can do this by working to bring others to Christ; we can do this by personally conforming ourselves to Christ, thereby taking up the path of true progress.
3. The second movement of the Hymn (cf. Col 1: 18-20) is dominated by the figure of Christ the Saviour within the history of salvation. His work is revealed first of all in his being "the head of the Body, the Church" (v. 18): this is the privileged salvific horizon that manifests the fullness of liberation and redemption, the vital communion that joins the head and the members of the body, that is, between Christ and Christians. The Apostle's gaze extends to the ultimate goal towards which history converges: Christ, "the first-born from the dead" (v. 18), is the One who opens the doors to eternal life, snatching us from the limits of death and evil.
Here, in fact is that pleroma, that "fullness" of life and grace that is in Christ himself and that was given and communicated to us (cf. v. 19). With this vital presence that allows us to share in his divinity, we are interiorally transformed, reconciled, and peace is reestablished: this is the harmony of the entire redeemed being, in whom henceforth God will be "all in all" (I Cor 15: 28). To live as Christians means allowing ourselves, in this way, to be interiorly transformed into the likeness of Christ. Here, reconciliation and peace are achieved.
4. Let us now give this grandiose mystery of Redemption a contemplative look, borrowing the words of St Proclus of Constantinople, who died in 446. In his First Homily on Mary, Mother of God, he presents the mystery of Redemption anew, as a consequence of the Incarnation.
Indeed, God, the Archbishop recalls, was made man in order to save us and thus to snatch us from the powers of darkness and bring us back to the Kingdom of the Beloved Son, exactly as this Canticle of the Letter to the Colossians recalls: "The One who redeemed us", Proclus observes, "is not purely human; indeed, the whole of the human race was enslaved to sin; but he was also not merely a God deprived of human nature: he actually had a body. If he had not been clothed in my flesh he would not have saved me. Having been formed in the Virgin's womb, he was clad in the guise of one condemned. In a wonderful exchange, he gave his spirit and took on flesh" (8: Testi mariani del primo millennio, I, Rome, 1988, p. 561).
We therefore stand before the work of God who brought about Redemption precisely because he was also a man. He was at the same time the Son of God, the Saviour, but also our brother, and it is with this closeness that he pours forth in us the divine gift.
It is truly God-with-us. Amen!
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ScratchJr is a new, innovative software program to support integrated STEM learning in early childhood education. The program is designed specifically for K-2. ScratchJr will work to teach children through three main strategies: discipline-specific knowledge, foundational knowledge structures and complex problem-solving skills.
ScratchJr is a project led by Professor Marina Umaschi Bers and her DevTech Research Group at Tufts University and by Professor Mitch Resnick from the Lifelong Kindergarten at the MIT Media Lab. The project is being funded by the National Science Foundation.
Watch the video below for more information on this ongoing project:
The Old Guy Project is an Independent Film Production course through the drama department taught by Professor Jennifer Burton. Only 10 students were allowed into this advanced film making class where they actually become part of a production team. The students will gain real-life experience for executing strategies for successful producing, including budgeting, fundraising, contracts, copyrighting, casting, scheduling, location scouting, shooting, editing, marketing and distribution.
One of the 10 students in the class, Sam Plasmati, A13, says:
We’re getting first hand experience in film production. We’ve spent the semester so far preparing for filming – doing PR, location scouting, dealing with equipment, casting. We just had our first shoot at the Tufts Campus and nearby locations in Medford and Somerville and it was a huge success. We students had an active role in all aspects of the shoot – helping produce, helping with sounds, helping film.
“Old Guy” is intended as a comedic look at how aging is represented in the media.This project is a collaboration between Tufts University and the LA-based production company that Professor Burton co-owns, Five Sisters Productions. The goal is to create a web-series which is roughly based on the experiences of Burton’s father, a professor turned actor at age 75, working in the entertainment industry.
For a behind-the-scenes look at what Professor Burton, Sam and the other students are doing, take a look at their Twitter account and follow them for more updates. And be on the lookout for the release of “Old Guy”!
This past weekend was Daylight Saving Time, when most people in the U.S. set their clocks an hour forward. CBS reported on this event and noted that some find Daylight Saving’s useful while others find it to be quite frustrating.
Tufts faculty member Michael Downing, the author of Spring Forward, a book all about Daylight Saving Time, explained the origin:
Daylight saving was originally meant to save electricity with lighting at homes.
He also remarked about some long standing Daylight Saving Time errors that have occurred. For example, what happened after Russia sprung forward for the first time in 1928:
When October came, the Russians forgot to fall back. It wasn’t until 1985 that an AP reporter stumbled onto the fact that the clocks were all wrong in Russia.
For more facts and insights from Downing, watch the rest of the CBS report here.
Chemical engineering students and faculty at Tufts have the opportunity to join AIChE, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. According to their website, AIChE is the world’s leading organization for chemical engineering professionals, with more than 45,000 members from more than 90 countries.
One of the Institute’s greatest benefits is connecting members to one another and allowing them to participate in conferences around the world. In one of such event, AIChE members discussed the power of engineering in improving our world and our lives.
Ayse Asatekin, assistant professor of chemical engineering at Tufts, took part in the discussion and added to the passionate voices of other chemical engineering students and educators from all over the country.
Watch the video and see Professor Asatekin’s remarks:
The Tufts Elementary Education Program released a new video that talks about their new emphasis on teachers who focus on science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) in elementary schools. This program aims to equip these new teachers with the best tools in the STEM areas, so that when they start in elementary schools they can become useful resources for the other teachers.
Check out this video and for more information, visit their website.
Nearly three years ago in Ming Chow’s Game Development class, Richard Mondello, A12, and Philip Tang, E12, created an app they called Derp. Derp is a “fast-paced two-ball pong-inspired game that you play with a someone sitting directly across from you.”
Ming Chow’s Game Development class, in the Department of Computer Science, teaches students how to create complete computer and video games from start to finish. The class focuses on the different elements to a game, user interfaces, sound, animation, and game hacking.
A new version of Derp, that now supports the iPhone 5, was released after the new year. Check it out!
Posted by Carly Machlis in Faculty, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Research, Video on January 4, 2013
Tufts Senior Scientist Roger Fielding recently sat down with Andrew Dudley, a specialist on Sarcopenia, to discuss Fielding’s research innovations. Sarcopenia, which involves the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a hotly researched field, and Fielding’s work at Tufts has paved the way in recent years.
As the Director of the Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, a branch of the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Fielding works to understand how nutrition and physical activity may help prevent or reverse physical dysfunction in adults. Fielding explains that:
We study the factors that influence the age-related changes in muscle mass and muscle strength, and we try to examine interventions that could potentially slow or reverse the process.
Stop Motion Animation (SAM) software is huge these days, and Tufts lecturer Dr. Brian Gravel believes that it’s critical for K-12 classrooms. Gravel works for the Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach, where he has been working on the SAM Animation Project since 2004.
His work spawned a spinoff project, iCreate to Educate, which focuses on using SAM to effectively teach lessons on language arts, mathematics, science, social studies, art, and music to young learners. In the video below, Gravel introduces the basics of SAM software and describes the effectiveness of the iCreate to Educate programs, based on research funded by the National Science Foundation.
In the past year, several Tufts professors have been featured on “Academic Minute,” a series broadcast by WAMC Northeast Public Radio that focuses on the academic innovations coming out of colleges and universities around the world. In August, the series featured Tufts Music Professor Dr. Joseph Auner, who spoks about the technology behind modern electronic instruments. “Academic Minute” has also spoken with Dr. Gregory Crane, editor of the Perseus Digital Library at Tufts, who researches the importance of Arabic translations of documents from Ancient Greece.
Professor Crane explains the significance of Arabic translation:
“Many scientific terms such as algebra and chemistry come to us from Arabic. European culture rediscovered ancient sources like Aristotle and Euclid via Latin translations from Arabic translations of the Greek originals.”
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Disclosure: There are affiliate links in this article, meaning at no extra cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase. (Full Disclosure)
If there is one thing that I miss going vegan is all the choices of milk chocolate that I can’t eat as a vegan. I’ve tried of vegan chocolate and most of the time they don’t taste as good. Toblerone has always been a favorite of mine and when I went vegan I just stopped eating it without taking a look at the ingredients. Is Toblerone vegan?
Toblerone is not vegan. All Flavors of Toblerone contains milk, egg and honey. There are also a number of questionable ingredients such as sugar, almonds and vanillin flavouring, which could potentially be non-vegan as well.
So far Mondelez International don’t have a lot of vegan flavors, but don’t worry I will reveal a great vegan alternative to Toblerone later on in this article.
Is There A Vegan Toblerone?
Unfortunately there is no vegan Toblerone. I’ve made a table with all flavors of Toblerone that I could find and I listed it below together with its vegan status.
|Toblerone||No, contains Milk, Egg & Honey.|
|Toblerone Crunchy Almonds||No, contains Milk, Egg & Honey.|
|Toblerone Dark Chocolate||No, contains Milk, Egg & Honey.|
|Toblerone White Chocolate||No, contains Milk, Egg & Honey.|
Below are all the ingredients I could find from all Toblerone flavors.
- Cocoa Butter
- Cocoa Mass
- Egg White
- Emulsifier (Soya Lecithin)
- Flavouring (Vanillin)
- Glucose Syrup
- Salted Caramelized Almonds
- Whole Milk Powder
I have highlighted the ones that we need to take a closer look at.
Cows milk is not vegan, since it comes from cows.
A lot of different ingredient can use milk and in Toblerone you can also find whole milk powder.
All tho insects technically are not an animals, vegan tends to stay away from ingredients derived from insects as well, since we don’t want to exploit the animal kingdom for its sources.
The way we acquire honey is to give the bees sugar instead and then we take the honey for our own purposes.
This does not align well with veganism.
Egg and egg whites are not vegan either since it comes from hens.
Almonds is a very hot topic within the vegan community.
Almonds do not contain any animal-derived ingredient, but it’s rather the production process that raises some issues for vegans.
The biggest production of almonds is in California and it’s not only that it requires a lot of water, it’s the fact the there are not enough bees to pollinate the almond trees.
So bees are shipped from all over the country to help with the pollination and as a result of this, a lot of bees die in the transport.
This exploit have made a lot of vegans turn their back on almonds and instead look for other more vegan-friendly nuts to eat.
This is one of the biggest controversial ingredients in the vegan community. There are mainly sugar from two sources that is used in the candy industry and that is beet sugar and cane sugar. The more popular one of the two is cane sugar.
Beet sugar and raw cane sugar is indeed vegan-friendly, but when cane sugar gets refined, is when cane sugar can become something that vegans wants to stay away from. In the refining process of cane sugar, the sugar is often bleached using bone char from dead cows.
This is where refined cane sugar could become a non-vegan option. Bone char is not used all the time and a lot of the time. So when you see the ingredient sugar in candy and sweets, it’s probably refined cane sugar and this is why it’s a problem for a lot of vegans.
There is no way of knowing for sure unless you contact the company and ask.
Vanillin flavouring is an ingredient that vegans really needs to keep their eye on.
This is mainly because National Geographic found out that goo from beaver butts is a common ingredient that is used from vanilla flavors.
There is a high chance that this ingredient it not vegan-friendly.
Soy is a common GMO crop in USA and the problem with this ingredient is the fact that a lot of herbicide is used in order to gain good yields.
This can damage the surrounding ecosystems and a lot of vegans tend to look for products that has the label Non GMO project, to be that they don’t consume GMO products.
Vegan Alternative To Toblerone
I found two great vegan toblerone alternatives:
Hu Dark Chocolate Bars. They taste amazing and will satisfy most taste buds.
Milkless Chocolate Bars. This also a great vegan alternative to Toblerone.
Is Toblerone Vegetarian?
Toblerone is vegetarian, more specifically Toblerone is suited for Lacto-Ovo vegetarians, because all flavors contains both milk and egg.
|Toblerone Crunchy Almonds||Lacto-Ovo.|
|Toblerone Dark Chocolate||Lacto-Ovo.|
|Toblerone White Chocolate||Lacto-Ovo.|
Is Toblerone Halal?
Toblerone is in fact halal certified. They got their certification in 2018 according to Fortune.com.
Is Toblerone Kosher?
Toblerone is kosher certified and which means that more people can eat this delicious chocolate.
As you can see Toblerone do not fit the vegan diet at this time. Who knows, maybe they will too release a vegan Toblerone in the future.
A lot of companies are creating vegan alternatives today, to keep a lot of their costumers.
Vegan chocolate has always been hard to for me to eat, because they don’t always taste that great, but the vegan alternatives that I found for Toblerone really surprised me!
Thanks for reading, take care.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://isthisveganfriendly.com/is-toblerone-vegan/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00674.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930898
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Purpose: Mechanical loading, such as that seen with physical activity, is thought to be the primary factor influencing bone strength. Previous randomized studies that assessed the effect of strength training on bone in premenopausal women report inconsistent results. The analysis herein examines the effect of a strength training program following published guidelines (US Department of Health and Human Services) on bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral content (aBMD) in the proximal femur and lumbar spine in premenopausal women.
Methods: One hundred and forty-eight overweight, sedentary, premenopausal women aged 25-44 were randomized to progressive strength training (ST, n = 72) or standard care (CO, n = 76) for 2 yr. Measurements occurred at baseline, 1 yr, and 2 yr. Proximal femur and lumbar spine BMC and aBMD were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Intention-to-treat analyses were completed, and repeated-measures ANCOVA adjusted for baseline height and weight was used to assess the effect of strength training on bone.
Results: aBMD showed little change and did not differ between groups at any site. Femoral neck BMC showed a significant difference in the slopes between ST and CO (P = 0.04) with no change in the ST group and a 1.5% decrease in the CO. There were no significant between-group differences at any other measurement site.
Conclusion: Strength training had no effect on aBMD after 2 yr of strength training. Femoral neck BMC decreased in CO and had no change in ST. Because there was no change in aBMD, strength training may have influenced bone size. Research to better understand changes in bone dimensions and geometry with strength training in premenopausal women is warranted.
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<urn:uuid:85a15f58-ec0f-4b0d-93d9-20b32ab37daa>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/2008/07000/Strength_Training_Effects_on_Bone_Mineral_Content.13.aspx
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| 0.95065
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From Walter Livingston1
New York, January 29, 1795. “… I was informed, that it is your intention to return to this place and resume the practice of the Law. On this supposition permit me to request you, to become my Council in several suits already commenced. Viz one against Alexr. Macomb,2 another against Nathl: Prime,3 a third against Jno R. Livingston4 a fourth against Ben. Seixes5 and generally against any dispute which may arise between Mr. Duer6 & myself in Closing our accounts, and also against every other person or persons….”7
LC, New-York Historical Society, New York City.
1. Walter Livingston, the son of Robert Livingston, Jr., the third lord of Livingston Manor, was a New York City lawyer and a former member of the Board of Treasury. He had been involved in various stock speculations with William Duer and Alexander Macomb. See Philip Schuyler to H, March 25, 1792.
2. Alexander Macomb, a former fur trader and a supplier of troops during the American Revolution, was a land and securities speculator who had also served as a director of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures. In December, 1791, he formed a secret partnership with Duer for speculation in public securities. As a result of these speculations and Duer’s failure in March, 1792, Macomb went into bankruptcy on April 12, 1792. See Duer to H, March 12, 1792; Schuyler to H, March 25, 1792; William Seton to H, April 9, 11, 1792; H to Seton, April 12, 1792; Nicholas Low to H, April 10, 1792; H to Nehemiah Hubbard, May 3, 1792.
Livingston and Macomb were involved in a suit over the protested bills of John Dewhurst amounting to £9550. For a description of this suit, see Livingston to Harrison, Anslay, and Company, February 15, 1794 (LC, NewYork Historical Society, New York City). Dewhurst was a New York City businessman who had been a director of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures and a close associate of Duer and Macomb. Dewhurst also went bankrupt in April, 1792. See Nicholas Low to H, April 10, 1792; Benjamin Walker to H, July 12, 1792.
3. Prime was a New York City merchant and land speculator. Duer endorsed to Livingston a note of Edward Parker and Company, a New York City mercantile firm, for $30,000 deferred debt. Livingston commenced an action against Prime as endorser of that note. See Livingston to Aaron Burr, February 15, April 4, 1794 (LC, New-York Historical Society, New York City); Livingston to Brockholst Livingston, his attorney, June 27, 1795 (LC, New-York Historical Society, New York City); Brockholst Livingston to Walter Livingston, June 18, 1795 (ALS, New-York Historical Society, New York City).
4. John R. Livingston, Chancellor Robert R. Livingston’s brother and the second cousin of Walter Livingston, was a New York City merchant. During the American Revolution he and Walter Livingston had been business associates of John B. Church, Elizabeth Hamilton’s brother-in-law.
Walter Livingston’s suit with John R. Livingston concerned one-half of the ship Somerset and her cargo. For H’s role in this suit after the death of Walter Livingston in 1797, see H’s Law Register, 1795–1804 (D, partially in H’s handwriting, New York Law Institute, New York City; also in Goebel, Law Practice description begins Julius Goebel, Jr., ed., The Law Practice of Alexander Hamilton: Documents and Commentary (New York and London, 1964– ) description ends , forthcoming volumes).
5. Benjamin Seixas was a New York City broker and merchant. Livingston’s suit against Seixas concerned a note which Seixas had drawn in favor of Peter Colt for $10,977 deferred debt.
6. Duer, a prominent New York City businessman and speculator, had served as Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury from September, 1789, to late March or early April, 1790. He was a director of the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures from its inception in 1791 until the collapse of his financial affairs in 1792. On March 23, 1792, Duer was imprisoned for debt, and except for a brief period in 1797 when he was released at H’s intercession, he remained in prison until his death on May 7, 1799. See Duer to H, March 12, 1792; H to Duer, March 14, 23, April 22, 1792; Robert Troup to H, March 19, 1792; H to Philip Livingston, April 2, 1792. After Duer’s imprisonment, Walter Livingston published a letter, dated March 24, 1792, in which he explained his relations with Duer: “Nearly allied to Mr. Duer, and persuaded that he had been successful in business, the subscriber was induced to endorse his notes to a very considerable amount. At the moment when confidence in money negotiations is shaken, these notes are becoming due, and it is evident that the performance of the subscriber’s engagements on account of Mr. Duer, cannot take place with that rapid punctuality which has hitherto been the case. It is true that Mr. Duer, in consequence of an agreement previous to his stoppage, has deposited with him securities in land, stocks, and notes of individuals towards his indemnification, on the competency of which he insists: but whatever may be their intrinsic value, securities of this nature, at such a juncture, cannot be convened into money to answer demands so prompt, extensive and unexpected” (The Federal Gazette and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, March 27, 1792). Livingston published a second letter, dated April 17, 1792, in The Federal Gazette and Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 19, 1792.
For a discussion of Duer’s activities and the effects of his failure on Walter Livingston, Macomb, Dewhurst, Seixas, and John R. Livingston, see Davis, Essays description begins Joseph Stancliffe Davis, Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations (“Harvard Economic Studies,” XVI [Cambridge, 1917]). description ends , I, 278–338.
7. H made the following entry in his Cash Book, 1795–1804, under the date of June 1, 1795: “Walter Livingston Dr For Retainers in four suits with M Macombe Nathaniel Prime John R Livingston & Benj: Seixas at each” (AD, Hamilton Papers, Library of Congress; also in Goebel, Law Practice description begins Julius Goebel, Jr., ed., The Law Practice of Alexander Hamilton: Documents and Commentary (New York and London, 1964– ) description ends , forthcoming volumes). On September 9, 1795, H made the following entry in his Cash Book, 1795–1804: “Cash Dr. to Account of Costs & fees. For this sum received as retainer by B Livingston on behalf of W. Livingston 100” (AD, Hamilton Papers, Library of Congress; also in forthcoming Goebel, Law Practice description begins Julius Goebel, Jr., ed., The Law Practice of Alexander Hamilton: Documents and Commentary (New York and London, 1964– ) description ends , III). Brockholst Livingston served as Walter Livingston’s attorney in his cases against Macomb and Prime.
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RED WINE COOLER — Red wine coolers, also known as red wine stoppers, were designed to hold wine and other beverages while you sip on it.
Now the company that created them is expanding its range to a new home: a wine cellar.
The Red Wine Company is expanding from its home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, to a building in downtown Los Angeles.
The Los Angeles-based company said Tuesday that the new building is going to be a red wine cellar with a kitchen and dining room, and that the space will feature a wine refrigerator.
Red Wine is best known for its red wine wine cooler in New Mexico.
Red wine is also made in other places in Mexico and the Dominican Republic.
The company plans to add more wine cooler and red wine fridge space to the space.
The new building will be called Red Wine Co., and the new location will be located on the corner of 7th and Valencia Streets.
Red wines will be made at Red Wine’s facility in Santa Barbara, California, where they are known as chardonnay.
The brand will also sell wine in Santa Clara, California.
The wine cooler was created in 2002 by Robert and Linda Ettorff and is manufactured by Red Wine, which has about 3,000 stores across the United States.
The Ettors’ company also owns wine cooler maker Bitter Creek and its other wineries.
In the last few years, the Ettorefs have made the wine cooler available in the United Kingdom and Canada, with some retail outlets opening.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Speech and music can convey information only as far as their dynamic range exceeds the masking-threshold due to environmental noise. The dynamic range, available for transmission above the threshold, however, is restricted by annoying loudness, self-masking, and requirements concerning conservation of hearing. A matched combination of compression and reshaping of the spectral power distribution of the speech and music program enables a concentration of information within the restricted available dynamic range and consequently effects optimum transmission conditions in noisy environments. As an example of a system according to this principle, reference is made to the Environmental Radio System, designed for 3-channel simultaneous F.M. wireless transmission for high-quality music distribution and speech communication, to be used for ambulant personnel in factories with high acoustic noise level and high interfering electric and magnetic fields.
Click to purchase paper as a non-member or login as an AES member. If your company or school subscribes to the E-Library then switch to the institutional version. If you are not an AES member and would like to subscribe to the E-Library then Join the AES!
This paper costs $33 for non-members and is free for AES members and E-Library subscribers.
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| 0.926077
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Increase your chances of finding a graduate job in the business, consulting and management sector by gaining sought-after skills and experience
Do I need a related degree?
Degrees of any discipline are accepted for many graduate schemes and jobs in the sector. In fact, employers are usually more interested in specific personality traits and will commonly use assessment centres and psychometric tests to find their desired candidates. However, a numerical or business-related degree, such as economics, business studies or business and management may be advantageous.
If you have your sights set on a particular area of business management, for example, HR, IT or marketing, some employers may seek skills and/or qualifications in these areas. If this is the case undergraduate courses and Masters degrees in human resource management, computing or marketing management could be useful.
If you plan to move into consultancy there is no typical entry route in to the profession but most employers expect you to be educated to degree level. Business consultancy is a growing area and management consulting in particular is a popular choice among graduates.
Management consultancy is open to graduates of any degree discipline. While not essential, a business-related degree, postgraduate qualification or MBA study may be valued by some employers.
Large consultancies generally want graduates with at least a 2:1 - and sometimes also 300+ UCAS points. Some, however, such as PwC, have talent programmes to identify potential recruits who don't have these grades. Applicants can attend a workshop and, if successful, gain a fast-track to an internship. PwC also offers a higher apprenticeship in management consulting for school and college leavers.
What skills do employers want?
Employers in the sector value skills just as much, and sometimes more, than qualifications. They place a high level of importance on:
- interpersonal skills - it's essential that managers are able to get along with people at all levels of an organisation. You will need to be diplomatic, flexible, open-minded and emotionally intelligent;
- soft skills - such as communication and listening. In management and consulting roles you need to be able to listen to colleagues and clients, communicate confidently and effectively and then act on any decisions made. Strong leadership, presentation and teamwork skills, along with the ability to motivate others are also crucial;
- a high degree of commercial awareness and a sound knowledge of business environments - business managers and consultants have the opportunity to work in a variety of sectors and organisations. In order to carry out your role successfully it's important that you have an in depth knowledge of different business environments and how they operate and a good understanding of the industry in which you work;
- analytical, problem-solving and strategic thinking skills - no matter your area of work you'll have to analyse and overcome numerous obstacles, from managing staff to anticipating change, and this requires quick, logical thinking;
- numerical skills as it's likely that you'll manage or work with budgets in some capacity;
- IT literacy - technology is ever-advancing and increasingly important in the business sphere. If you're worried that your IT skills aren't up to scratch many large companies will train employees in their own particular systems. There are also numerous short courses on offer which aim to improve general IT literacy, from courses in Microsoft packages and word processing to website creation, programming and cloud computing;
- creativity and attention to detail - as a manager or consultant it's your job to identify issues and problems and come up with innovative solutions to improve performance and you'll need a good eye for detail in order to do this;
- strong organisation and time management ability - whether in a management or consulting role its likely that you'll be working on multiple projects, involving a variety of colleagues, at any one time. Deadlines will be tight so you'll need to possess organisational skills and the ability to prioritise in order to manage your workload effectively.
In the world of business, knowledge of a second language can also be incredibly useful. International travel is a key feature of many business management and consulting careers, especially if you work for a large organisation.
Where can I get work experience?
Because graduates can enter the sector with any degree subject many employers place a strong emphasis on industry-specific experience.
Work experience, either paid or voluntary, can significantly increase your chances of success as it demonstrates your commitment to the industry and your desire to do the job; both attractive attributes in the competitive field of business. Internships and work placements also increase your commercial awareness and develop highly sought-after skills.
Business managers are needed in the majority of organisations so internship opportunities shouldn't be hard to find. Many large organisations offer summer or industrial placements for undergraduates, which can lead to permanent employment or a place on a graduate scheme.
For example, Lloyds Banking Group run the IT Business Management Internship, while Enterprise Rent-a-Car offers a Management Training Internship, which covers sales, marketing, customer service and business and administrative management. BAE Systems, the UK's largest defence and security company, also run internships in business and consulting areas.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) may also offer work experience, but a speculative approach - sending them a CV and cover letter - is often required.
When it comes to gaining consulting experience the 'big four' accountancy firms - EY, PwC, KPMG and Deloitte - and large consultancies such as Bain & Company and FTI Consulting all offer summer placements and year-long industrial placements. These opportunities include experience in all parts of consultancy including business, technical and financial areas. Entry requirements are similar to those required for graduate schemes.
To find work placements and internships in the business, consulting and management sector, search for work experience.
How do I find a graduate job in business and management?
Large employers across all sectors offer graduate schemes in business and management. Big employers are present at university careers fairs, but you can also find details of their graduate schemes and application processes online. The speculative approach is best for smaller companies.
If you don't have a particular employer in mind or you're unsure of what sector you'd like to work in, a conversation with a careers adviser is a good place to start to narrow down your options.
Researching opportunities online via search engines can also provide useful results. For example, Network Rail offers business management graduate schemes in areas such as business technology, general management and project management. You'll need at least a 2:2 in a business subject to get onto the general management scheme. At Unilever you'll need 300 UCAS points and a 2:1 degree to gain a place on their Future Leaders Programme, which aims to train graduates into business managers within two to three years.
Within consultancy some smaller firms prefer to take on experienced management consultants, with several years of experience; however the larger consultancies regularly recruit graduates and it is these larger firms that provide plenty of opportunities in the form of schemes. The 'big four' accountancy firms, large consultancies and some large companies - such as Accenture, ATOS, IBM, Fujitsu and HP - all offer consulting graduate schemes in a range of areas. In most cases you'll need at least a 2:1 degree.
Bear in mind that becoming a consultant can be a lengthy process, with several rounds of interviews and assessment centres and then on-the-job-training once in post.
Specialist recruitment agencies and websites can also be valuable sources of information for finding vacancies as well as keeping up-to-date with key sector issues. Some examples include:
Gaining student membership of professional bodies such as the Chartered Management Institute (CMI) or the Institute of Consulting (IC) can also provide graduate opportunities. As a member you'll have access to industry news and networking events and you'll be able to build up your list of professional contacts, which could prove useful in your job hunt.
To find jobs and graduate schemes in the sector, search graduate jobs in business, consulting and management.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.prospects.ac.uk/jobs-and-work-experience/job-sectors/business-consulting-and-management/getting-a-graduate-job-in-business-consulting-and-management
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You have dated her enough. I know. Now it is time to tie the knots and live together for the rest of the days you have left on earth. Make that wedding season historical by planning it wisely using free sample Wedding Storyboard Template in the best format download. Example of the best template formats are word, excel and the PowerPoint Storyboard Template.
Wedding days are by far the best days. It is a once in a lifetime meeting that people will never attend. Why not make it a special day by storyboarding every part of the event prior to the wedding day.
When you love someone, you will want to be with him or her forever. The best way to plan for the wedding day is to collective out your wedding ideas together. This template helps you do that.
There comes that one moment in life when you have to settle down. As you near your wedding day, you can use this template to create an accurate sequence of events so that it all goes according to plan.
A wedding storyboard template helps you plan your wedding with ease. Once you know what goes into the wedding it will be easy to plan so that you make this day a success for the both of you.
Couples who wed are often the happiest. Use this template to properly plan the big day so that everything goes according to the plan. The template is free to download from the internet.
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<urn:uuid:8178f51e-ba4d-49a8-a357-ec29104079fc>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.template.net/business/storyboard-templates/sample-wedding-storyboard/
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Dr. Joseph Giardina, a retired Baltimore County dentist who was an early advocate for understanding the educational needs of dyslexic students, died of kidney failure Sept. 9 at his Phoenix, Baltimore County, home. He was 82.
Born in Baltimore and raised on West Fayette Street, he was a 1948 graduate of Polytechnic Institute, where he played football. He remained active in the school's alumni association. While in the Army and serving in Germany, he also competed on a military football team.
He earned a degree at the University of Maryland, College Park and was a 1960 graduate of the University of Maryland Dental School.
As a young graduate, he participated in a program underwritten by the American Society of Dentistry for Children. Working at a University of Maryland Dental School clinic, he taught students to be dental assistants. He was active in the state chapter of the Society of Dentistry for Children.
He opened a private practice in Baltimore County and worked from his Jarrettsville Pike home for many years.
"Joe was exceptionally easy to talk to," said a colleague and friend of more than 50 years, Dr. Frank Kihn, a fellow dentist who lives in Timonium. "He was a good instructor, too. He had an excellent sense of humor."
Family members said his practice included numerous Baltimore County families, whose members called him Dr. Joe.
"You would not say he was a comedian, but he could make people laugh," said his daughter, Rosalie Taormino of Phoenix. "His patients said they used to be afraid to go to a dentist, but once they started coming to him, they looked forward to his slips for ice cream cones."
About 35 years ago, Dr. Giardina and his wife, the former Ruth Hart, became concerned when their children encountered major trouble with reading while enrolled at Carroll Manor Elementary School. One of their children could not read, but she was nevertheless promoted to the seventh grade.
The Giardinas sought help outside the Baltimore County school system and soon became members of the Metropolitan Baltimore Chapter of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities. They became persistent advocates for educating dyslexic students after they realized that their six children had learning disabilities. They met with Robert M.N. Crosby, the author of "The Waysiders," who advised them to band together with others and fight for educational reform.
Dr. Giardina and his wife obtained legal counsel and sued the Baltimore County school system, as well as the state of Maryland.
"Our fight did not go to court," said his wife. "But it took five years."
She said they were ultimately compensated for the money they spent sending their children to the Jemicy School and other private schools. They also paid for tutors.
"They were one of the first families to challenge the system to provide appropriate services for children with learning disabilities," said Ann Vinup, a Parkville resident who is chairwoman of the research committee of the National Learning Disabilities Association. "At that time, if you didn't fit into what the public schools system had to offer. You had to pay a private school and tutors."
Mrs. Giardina said they began their dispute with school authorities reluctantly.
"Initially, Joe was reluctant to start the process, but once he realized how important the cause was, he was the leader of the band. He was a man in control," his wife said. "We wrote what seemed like a million letters together to school authorities. We were always together on this point."
Dr. Giardina enjoyed sports and had been a Baltimore Colts season ticket holder. He also liked the outdoors and hiking. Family members said he preferred to spend his time with them, often on extended family outings at a mountain home in Virginia.
A Mass was offered Thursday at St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church in Timonium.
In addition to his wife of 53 years and daughter, survivors include two sons, John Giardina of Towson and Joseph "Jody" Giardina of Glen Arm; three other daughters, Theresa "Terry" Strader of Joppa, Andrea Mace of Forest Hill and Marie Diane "Mardi" Adams of Phoenix; two brothers, Frank Giardina of Glen Arm and Vince Giardina of Port Orange, Fla.; two sisters, Grace Dietz of Timonium and Sarah Giardina of Glen Arm; and 11 grandchildren.
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As we left the Athena Diner the other day, I noticed four teenage girls also leaving. As the girls hurried to their car, I heard one of them shout across the parking lot, "Shotty!"
What was shotty? By the other girls' reactions, I figured she was invoking the time-honored practice of calling "shotgun" to claim the front passenger seat. I asked my teenage daughters, and they had never heard of it, so I looked it up. I found it on the Internet, so it must be true. Kids now are calling "shotty" as an alternative for "shotgun." Really?
It is the same number of syllables, so they are not saving any time. It is also harder to say. You have to articulate clearly or people will think you are commenting on the quality of the manufacture of the right front seat. It's also a hard word for mumblers. Maybe in this hypersensitive, post-mass-shooting time we live in that if you scream "shotgun," people will hit the deck.
Almost two years ago, Bob, a good friend and co-worker died during the busiest time of the year at work. Most of our company traveled to the funeral in a few cars. Some were going to the gravesite, but the others had to return to the office. At the end of the service, as the somber procession with Bob's casket passed a group of co-workers at the back of the church everyone bowed their heads and contemplated Bob's life. Most reflected on their own fates and the afterlife. All except Jim. Jim said, in a voice that was way too loud for the church, "Shotgun!"
A co-worker asked, "What?"
"I just called Shotgun. We are all going back in Catherine's car and I don't want to ride in the back"
"Is that what you were thinking about during the funeral?"
"I just don't want to ride in the back."
Thank God during the funeral the minister did not ask for mourners to get up and share their feelings, since there is no telling what Jim would have said. Jim did get his wish that day. When a man over 50 years old loudly calls "Shotgun" at a funeral, the others are too stunned to argue. The largest co-worker, and the owner of the car (Catherine) had to squeeze into the back with another co-worker. Catherine sat in the middle of the back, squeezed in between two, smelly, sweaty bodies. No matter how you do it, you can't put large people in the back seat. Their hot sweaty thighs are going to rub against your sweaty thighs.
Small people have to sit in the back. As a large man, I can say that. My reasoning is that I am protecting the short people from the airbag going off. But, I also looked up the rules of Shotgun on the Internet.
There are hundreds of websites claiming to be the official Shotgun Rules website. Here is what they agree on: There is an order on who rides shotgun. No. 1 -- Owner of the car. No. 2 -- Significant other of driver. No. 3 -- Someone whose mobility, age, condition, or size makes riding in the back uncomfortable.
After that there are rules about when you can call Shotgun -- most say you can't call it until you have finished the event you attended and are outside walking (or sprinting) to the car. If someone has their hand on the door of the shotgun seat, or is in the seat, they have absolute claim. And you may not call it. There are pages and pages of rules in which I soon lost interest. Many people have clearly spent a lot of time on this.Read Full Article
In the old-old-old days, the shotgun rider on a stage coach or wagon literally held a shotgun to protect the occupants from bandits, and the driver could concentrate on driving. Now the shotgun rider controls the GPS so the driver can concentrate on driving.
Years ago, Bob and I had a co-worker named Pam, who had two teenage children. Each wanted to ride shotgun. She established an odd/even system. On odd days her daughter rode shotgun; on even days the son sat upfront. On months that ended with 31 days she couldn't let the daughter ride shotgun because that would mean two odd days in a row (the 31st and 1st). So on the 31st, both kids were chauffeured around town in the back seat.
I am unsure what she did on leap years. I am unsure if a leap year even fell during the years when her kids fought for the front seat. If it did, maybe she let our co-worker Jim ride upfront.
Thomas Lawlor lives in Southport with his wife and two daughters. His "A Father's Journal" appears every other Friday.
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Images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
The HST has been in orbit around the Earth since 1990.
Since it’s launch it has gotten through a number of phases, but it has provided some of the most momentous images of our own Milky Way Galaxy, other galaxies and the cosmos.
This talk covers the background efforts to turn an astronomer’s idea into reality, some of the engineering that makes the HST work and most of all the date and images it has provided to us.
These have enlightened our knowledge and understanding of space and provided us with views that after nearly 30 years are only now being equalled by other imaging systems.
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We react to computer voices in the same way we react to human ones
Cliff Nass explains that when the face on a computer screen and the voice we hear appear mismatched, we automatically distrust it
Inside a Conversational Computer
Each interaction with a hybrid language-processing system involves a series of steps, from understanding speech to generating a response
Computer Speech Technology
is on the Move
At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, researchers and students in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory have been developing ways to help people and computers have more meaningful dialogue.
As computers increasingly permeate our daily lives, our demand for online information is skyrocketing. Growing numbers of us turn to the Internet to catch up on the latest news, sports, and weather, obtain stock quotes, reserve airline flights, conduct research, or check out what's playing at local theaters. Unfortunately, navigating through vast amounts of data to obtain useful information can require a time-consuming series of keyboard entries and mouse clicks, and technical savvy. But there is a more efficient, more flexible tool available for human-computer interaction, something that even the most technically challenged of us could use anywhere, any time: spoken language.
To make it possible for humans to speak to computers, we need a conversational interface. A conversational interface enables humans to converse with machines (in much the same way we communicate with one another) in order to create, access, and manage information and to solve problems. It is what Hollywood and every “vision of the future” tells us that we must have. Since 1989, getting computers to communicate the way people do -- by speaking and listening -- has been the objective of the Spoken Language Systems (SLS) Group at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
How does it work?
Spoken language systems will allow us to have spontaneous conversations with computers
User: Yes, I would like the weather forecast for London, England, please.
JUPITER: In London in England Wednesday, partly cloudy skies with periods of sunshine. High 82 and low 63. Is there something else?
User: What is that in degrees Celsius, please?
JUPITER: In London in England Wednesday, high 28 Celsius and low 17 Celsius. What else?
SLS researchers make this kind of dialogue look easy by empowering the computer to perform five main functions in real time:
Throughout the conversation, the computer also remembers previous exchanges. In this example, JUPITER can respond to “What is that in degrees Celsius, please?” because the user has just asked about weather conditions in London. Otherwise, the system would request the user to clarify the question.
Many speech-based interfaces can be considered conversational. They may be differentiated by the degree with which the system maintains an active role in the conversation, or the complexity of the potential dialogue. At one extreme are system-initiative, or “directed-dialogue” transactions in which the computer takes complete control of the interaction by requiring that the user answer a set of prescribed questions, much as with touch-tone implementation of interactive voice response (IVR) systems.
In the case of air travel planning, for example, a directed-dialogue system could ask the user to “Please say just the departure city.” Because the user's options are severely restricted, it is easier to successfully complete such transactions, and indeed there have been some successful demonstrations and commercial deployment of such systems.
At the other extreme are user-initiative systems in which users have complete freedom in what they say to the system, (e.g., “I want to visit my grandmother”) while the system remains relatively passive, asking only for clarification when necessary. In this case, the user may feel uncertain as to what capabilities exist, and may, as a consequence, stray quite far from the domain of competence of the system, leading to great frustration because nothing is understood.
Lying between these two extremes are systems that incorporate a “mixed-initiative,” goal-oriented dialogue, in which both the user and the computer participate actively to solve a problem interactively using a conversational paradigm. This latter mode of interaction that is the primary focus of our research.
MIT developed the prototype for toll-free directory assistance
Although tremendous progress has been made over the last decade in
developing advanced conversational spoken-language technology, we must
make much additional progress before conversational interfaces approach
the level of naturalness of human-human conversations. Today, SLS
researchers are refining core human-language technologies and
incorporating speech with other kinds of natural input modalities such
as pen and gesture. They are working to: upgrade the efficiency and
naturalness of application-specific conversations, improve new word
detection/learning capability during speech recognition, and increase
the portability of core technologies and develop new applications. As
the SLS Group continues to address these issues, it brings us closer to
the day when anyone, anywhere, any time, can interact easily with
Reprinted courtesy: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
William and Flora Hewlett
© COPYRIGHT 2005 MACNEIL/LEHRER PRODUCTIONS. All Rights Reserved.
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Need a simple tool to create a fantastic data visualization? Here are 30.
There have never been more technologies available to collect, examine, and render data. Here are 30 different notable pieces of data visualization software good for any designer's repertoire. They're not just powerful; they're easy to use. In fact, most of these tools feature simple, point-and-click interfaces, and don’t require that you possess any particular coding knowledge or invest in any significant training.
More details at the article.
Via Lauren Moss
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§ 16. Mr. Ivor Thomas
asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs what progress has been made in the release of political prisoners in North Africa?
12. Miss Rathbone
asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he can now make a statement regarding the position of persons of anti-Nazi sympathies interned, imprisoned or engaged on forced labour in French North Africa; whether the request for the liberation of such persons and for the abrogation of all regulations reflecting Nazi ideology has been complied with; and whether those liberated include Spanish Republicans, members of the International Brigade which fought in Spain and persons of Jewish race confined on racial grounds?
§ 17. Mr. G. Strauss
asked the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether he can now make a statement about the release of anti-Fascist prisoners of war in North Africa, including members of the International Brigade?
§ Mr. Eden
His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, as also the United States Government, have lost no opportunity of impressing upon the French authorities in North Africa the importance which they attach to the early release of all persons of whatever nationality who have been detained there on account of their sympathies with the Allied cause. It is known that many of these political 188 prisoners have already been released. There must, however, inevitably be a number of doubtful cases. In order to investigate these, a Mixed Commission has now been set up under the joint chairmanship of the British and United States Consuls-General at Algiers. I hope that the Commission's reports will make it possible for me to give the House fuller information about the prisoners still under detention. In the meantime, the following details have become available.
So far as can be ascertained, no British subjects are now improperly detained in Algeria or Morocco. As regards French nationals, the United States authorities were informed at the end of December that orders had been given to prison camp commanders and provincial authorities in North Africa to release all French nationals who were still detained for having helped the Allied cause. It is hoped that the Mixed Commission will be able to verify that these orders have been carried out. As regards Allied nationals, many of whom were, I understand, members of the former International Brigade, the position at the end of December was that some 200 Poles, over 100 Soviet nationals and a few Czechs and Belgians remained under detention in Algeria. Full details are not available of those detained in Morocco. Arrangements are being made however for the early release of the Poles, Czechs and Belgians. The Soviet citizens will return to their own country as soon as transport can be arranged for them, and His Majesty's Government are in touch with the Soviet Government on this question.
As regards other members of the former International Brigade and other Spanish Republican refugees, I regret that I am still without detailed information. The Mixed Commission is well aware of the necessity for finding a satisfactory solution of this particular problem at the earliest possible moment and one of its first tasks will be to investigate the situation of these people. In the meantime, it should be noted that one of its terms of reference is to obtain for them before their release as good living conditions as possible. I am not aware that any persons have been detained in North Africa solely on account of their Jewish faith.
As regards the question of anti-Jewish laws and other measures introduced by the Vichy régime since 1940, the French authorities are aware of our views and 189 although, as the Minister Resident recently stated, the position is not satisfactory, I trust that the necessary steps will be taken as soon as circumstances permit.
Will my right hon. Friend consider two reports which I will send him from refugees quite recently arrived in this country from North Africa, describing the really cruel conditions which existed until a very short time ago, including forced work in labour battalions?
Does the right hon. Gentleman remember the fact that many of the Free French sympathisers have been locked up not nominally on political charges but on various trumped-up charges, such as desertion or stealing rifles and other things, and will he ask the Commission to take great care to see whether people arrested on supposedly criminal charges were not in fact locked-up for trying to join the Allies?
§ Mr. Eden
My hon. Friend will understand from the very long answer which I have given that the authorities have been very active in this matter. I think that the appointment of this Commission is the right way to handle an extremely complicated question, affecting a very wide area, but I will bear in mind what the hon. Member has said.
§ Captain Peter Macdonald
Will the right hon. Gentleman see that the Poles, the Czechs and other Allied prisoners of war who are being released will be returned to this country or to the United States of America and not sent to their own countries?
§ Mr. Kirkwood
Will the prisoners who are going to be released include those 27 French Communist deputies?
§ Mr. Pethick-Lawrence
Do I understand that the subjects of Axis Powers who have been put into prison because of 190 their opposition to the Governments of those countries come within the province of this Commission?
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Native American Mascot Honored at High School
While many Native American mascots have vanished from schools and sports team across the country in recent years, West Aurora High School in Aurora, Illinois celebrates and honors Chief Black Hawk, who has been the school’s mascot since 1905 when it was located on Blackhawk Street in Aurora.
The class of 1958 commissioned a statue of Chief Black Hawk as a gift to the school, which was revealed in a ceremony in the school’s library last week.
“This is a true symbol,” West High Principal Ross Treumper said. “It means something. It’s not just a decal on a football helmet.”
The Salt Creek Singers, a Native American song and drum group, performed at the statue’s unveiling. They showcased an authentic Native American drum decommissioned from Chicago’s Field Museum. One of Chief Black Hawk’s direct descendants, George Thurmond, also spoke at the event. According to Thurmond, Black Hawk “was a fierce warrior, strong leader, and a man who loved his people. He was also the first Native American to tell his story in an autobiography.”
Native American mascots are a contentious issue. What do you think about West Aurora High School’s attitude toward Chief Black Hawk?
Photo credit: Chris P.
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If you’ve ever caught a deer in your headlights, you’ve seen that the first reaction to uncertainty is to freeze. The status quo seems the safest situation from which to assess.
It’s not an instinct limited to the wild. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, U.S. companies have often hesitated to invest, citing “uncertainty” while they sit on a historic mountain of cash. Employees have also been quitting jobs less often and U.S. families haven’t been moving as much. Relative to our past, we are standing still, taking stock.
Uncertainty is not going away anytime soon, and inaction can’t be the default response. So how should leaders adapt? I recently discussed the issue of managing through uncertainty with retired U.S. general and former CIA director David Petraeus, now a partner in the global investment firm KKR and Chairman of KKR’s Global Institute. Petraeus has managed uncertainty of global scope and with the highest stakes. Our conversation took place well before the recent upswing in terrorist violence, but the lessons have an added resonance now. Our conversation left me with three recommendations for managing uncertainty that we all can use:
- Learn faster than your opponent
- Focus guidance on bigger issues
- Be ready to exploit surprise gains
Learn faster than your opponent. Uncertainty may darken the entire horizon, but not everyone is affected equally. The edge often goes to those who can learn quickly. “For the military,” Petraeus observed, “learning faster than the enemy meant deploying lessons learned teams and ensuring commanders are focused on identifying the need to make changes to our big ideas, campaign plans, organizational structures, equipment, and operational bases.” For companies, learning faster than competitors can mean incorporating a “What have we learned?” discussion into weekly or daily team meetings. Whatever the size of your organization, don’t stop the learning with an observation. Drive to change behaviors.
Learning faster also means acknowledging failure and error. “There has to be an appropriate culture of freedom to fail,” Petraeus advises, “as long as failure (as well as success) is followed by a very careful after-action review, to understand what transpired, why it happened, and then how to reduce the chances of it happening in the future.” I would add that the aspiration in uncertainty is not to reduce the chances of failure, but to minimize its costs, and the odds that the same failure recurs. As one successful venture capitalist told me, “we try to make new mistakes each day.”
Of course if errors are going to be a font of faster learning, they need to be reported and shared. That’s a culture that has to be set at the top. When Petraeus learned a U.S. army sniper in Iraq had taken target practice on pages from the Koran, he alerted his superiors right away. “I sent up what we call a red star cluster,” he recalled. “Everyone up the chain of command was notified. In my case, it even went to the Secretary of Defense and the President. The President and I apologized to the President and Prime Minister of Iraq, and that helped limit the damage, along with redoubled training on the need for sensitivity to religious, cultural, and ethnic issues.”
Businesses that face uncertainty also need culture that socializes errors. As part of the leadership at a strategy firm growing rapidly in frontier markets, there were times when I should have receive a notice akin to that “red star cluster” — and certainly times when I should have sent one but didn’t. As your organization encounters uncertainty, how confident are you that you’ve enabled your team to share errors and escalate them?
Give less guidance, and save it for the big issues. In uncertainty, more decisions need to be made by those closest to new information. During his military career, Petraeus stressed the importance of the “strategic corporal,” the young leader whose tactical actions could have strategic consequences, advancing or undermining an overall campaign. In conditions of uncertainty, it’s all the more important to push decision-making outward and downwards, towards where new information is originating and where it can be acted on most swiftly.
Does this mean managers at the top of the organization get a break? Hardly. They need to be focused on attracting the right people and training them to make the right decisions. Petraeus recalled, “Our soldiers had to be ready to be greeted by either a handshake or a hand grenade, and to be prepared to respond appropriately to either.” Earlier in his career, he received training better suited for a more certain environment. “Ever since I was a company and battalion commander,” Petraeus said, “I had been unimpressed with our combined arms live fire exercises, which were largely carefully scripted. Where’s the spontaneity in that, the requirement to react to unforeseen circumstances?”
To manage the uncertainty that characterizes counterinsurgency, Petraeus made changes. He emphasized aggressive live-fire exercises, with scenarios that varied widely. “We got what we wanted,” Petraeus said, “people who could react to the unforeseen.” (What Petraeus also got was an M16 round through his chest, fired by a comrade in a freak accident during just such an exercise. “The unforeseen,” he recounted with a wry grin).
For decentralized authority to succeed, senior managers need to reinforce core principles to guide newly empowered decision-makers. I work often in remote regions, where front-line managers are far from headquarters. The best of these operations rely less on policies or procedures, and more on basic values that establish a culture. Celtel and Econet were two pioneering African mobile phone networks, operating in geographies that defined uncertainty, and where corruption often succeeded. Both largely avoided that corruption because their founders established cultures of transparency that pervaded their organizations. Respect for Islam was a bedrock principle of U.S. commanders under Petraeus. I would submit the Koran incident represented a rare failure of that principle to inform low level decision making. It also demonstrated that no matter how extensive the preparation, mistakes still happen and leaders have to be prepared for them.
Be ready to exploit surprise gains. For most people, uncertainty breeds anxiety. Amidst it, we lose sight of the potential for unexpected gains. Petraeus shared a classic military example. In the 1973 Yom Kippur War in the Middle East, the Egyptian forces successfully crossed the Suez Canal and penetrated quickly into the Sinai, achieving gains beyond even the most optimistic Egyptian assessments. However they were unprepared for that success, and too slow to exploit it. The delay allowed Israeli forces to regroup and ultimately deliver a military defeat to the Egyptians.
Few of us make decisions about national survival, but we do make choices that affect the survival of our companies. The best leaders are prepared for the gains uncertainty can yield.
Despite the opportunity for upside, uncertainty breeds indecision in many managers. They defer difficult choices by demanding more data and further study, habits that will only be exacerbated by the advent of big data. While data can strip away some uncertainty, it rarely eliminates it. To thrive, leaders need better tools to manage uncertainty itself. Faster learning, decentralized decision-making, and looking out for unexpected gains are three essentials in that toolkit.
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The Activist Rodney King passed away at age 47; this age of death has to be considered premature. What was the cause of death? Below is all you want to know regarding the death of Rodney King and more!
Biography - A Short Wiki
At the conclusion of a high-speed chase, he suffered an excessive beating at the hands of LAPD police officers, which catalyzed the 1992 LA riots.
He was married to Danetta Lyles from 1985 to 1988 and Crystal Waters from 1989 until 1996. He was also in a relationship with Cynthia Kelley from 2010 until his death. He had three daughters. His parents were Ronald King and Odessa King.
How did Rodney King die?
Rodney King's death was caused by Alcohol Poisoning.
|Cause of death||Alcohol Poisoning|
|Age of death||47 years|
|Birthday||April 2, 1965|
|Death date||June 17, 2012|
|Place of death||Rialto, California, United States|
|Place of burial||Forest Lawn, Los Angeles, California, United States|
Quotes by Rodney King
What I’ve learned to do is arrest my addiction – arrest it myself, so I don’t get arrested.Rodney King
Can we all get along?Rodney King
Waking up sober is a good day. I love being able to wake up and do positive things, to go to the gym.Rodney King
When I leave here, when my final day on this earth is up, I want to leave in peace. I want to have peace in my heart.Rodney King
As far as having peace within myself, the one way I can do that is forgiving the people who have done wrong to me. It causes more stress to build up anger. Peace is more productive.Rodney King
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To investigate whether body morphology, obesity and its long time evolution were associated with lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women of the same age.
72 healthy premenopausal women born in 1950 (42 years) with a regular physical activity.
BMD measured by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at lumbar spine and proximal femur ; body weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI at 20 years (BMI-20), increase in BMI since age of 20 (BMI->20), body circumferences (breast, waist, hip) and their ratios (WHR, BHR, WBR), smoking and alcohol intake.
Lumbar spine BMD did not correlate with any anthropometric measurement.
Femoral BMDs correlated positively with weight, BMI, BMI-20, breast, waist, WHR and BHR.
The BMI-20 explained the 5% and the current BMI the 13% of variance of total femur BMD.
After adjustment for weight or BMI, breast circumference and BHR remained significantly correlated with all femoral BMDs sites except neck.
Weight was the best predictor for neck BMD (R2=0.08 ; p<0.02), and BHR for Ward's triangle (R2=0.12 ; p<0.01) and trochanter (R2=0.10 ; p<0.001).
Alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and age of menarche were not related to BMDs.
In premenopausal women of the same age, lumbar spine BMD was not associated with any anthropometric measurement. (...)
Mots-clés Pascal : Obésité, Biométrie corporelle, Morphologie, Poids corporel, Indice masse corporelle, Densité, Os, Masse osseuse, Préménopause, Epidémiologie, Facteur risque, Homme, Femelle, Espagne, Europe
Mots-clés Pascal anglais : Obesity, Corporal biometry, Morphology, Body weight, Body mass index, Density, Bone, Bone mass, Premenopause, Epidemiology, Risk factor, Human, Female, Spain, Europe
Notice produite par :
Inist-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique
Cote : 98-0129222
Code Inist : 002B15A. Création : 22/06/1998.
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Happy National Health Center Week 2015!
Last year, Community Health Partnership celebrated our 21st year of incorporation with an awards event to honor community champions and exceptional health center staff. A notable highlight of the event was a speech given by Bob Brownstein, Policy Director of Working Partnerships USA, as he walked the audience through an important history lesson of the deep ties between the Community Health Center Movement, and the Civil Rights Movement. I thought it would be a great idea to finally post a copy of Bob's speech...as a way to commemorate National Health Center Week online, and to re-live his words of wisdom with all of you.
I’m proud and honored to be the emcee for this 21st anniversary of the Community Health Partnership, an organization for whose mission and practices I have truly boundless respect.
Anniversaries are a time for reflection… a time to remember vows and commitments. These may involve explicit ceremonies as at the marriage alter or they may be more private – such as the ones that organizations make when they dedicate themselves to the well-being of the poor and powerless and that individuals make when they devote their working lives to those organizations.
It is, therefore, appropriate for us to take a few moments this morning to pause and reflect on the commitments that led to the genesis of community health centers. Out of what set of values and traditions were these centers born? What kinds of people first brought them into being? What did these founders stand for?
In fact, community health centers were created out of the American civil rights movement in the 1960’s. The centers were and are connected to civil rights in two important ways. First, actual civil rights workers launched the vision of the centers and the first centers, themselves. Thus, community health centers and civil rights are connected through a common history. Secondly, the mission of community health centers, the basic work they do, is an expression of a civil rights ethic.
Let’s look deeper at both connections.
Dr. Jack Geiger is recognized as one of the true early pioneers of the community health center movement. Geiger went to Mississippi as part of Freedom Summer in 1964; he was a member of the Medical Committee for Human Rights – a group to provide medical services to civil rights workers.
So how did he move from being a medic for community organizers to the founder of the first community health centers? Where did the idea for the centers come from? It came from South Africa. While at medical school. Geiger got a scholarship to study and work at the Pholela Health Center in Zululand. That was one of more than 70 such centers in South Africa serving Africans, Indians, and some poor whites. This experience changed Geiger’s life. It showed him how the denial of health care was an instrument of political and economic oppression. And it revealed a strategy to empower people to both secure health services and challenge that oppression at the same time.
As an aside, it also demonstrated the way that that human campaigns for justice around the globe are inter-related. I like to imagine that a child that received health care at one of the first community health centers that Geiger founded in the mid-1960’s – based on the South African model - grew up to march in demonstrations in the United States in the 1990’s to support the African National Congress’s campaign to overturn apartheid.
With the initiation of Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty in 1964 and the passage of the Economic Opportunity Act, funding became available for an initial two community health centers – one in Boston and one in Mound Bayou, Mississippi. The Mississippi Center was by far the more difficult one to launch. The oppressor as well as the oppressed can recognize the liberating effects of access to health care. As Geiger commented later, “they (that is, the institutions of Jim Crow) recognized that this was a very different model and it would directly empower impoverished black populations as partners in the delivery of their own health services, thus bypassing all the gatekeepers and mechanisms of control that the white power structure had up until then exercised.”
Here Geiger is expressing the second basic connection between Community Health Centers and Civil Rights. Back in the Declaration of Independence, the founders of the United States recognized the inalienable right to life – as well as to liberty. Health care is indispensable to both life and liberty. Illness can destroy life… can render people helpless… it can deny them the freedom to exercise the pursuit of happiness. By providing health services to the poor, community health centers directly provide people with the necessary preconditions for enjoyment of those inalienable rights that the declaration enumerated.
Moreover, community health centers do this in a manner that can strengthen and empower otherwise vulnerable families. To receive care at a community health center, no one need be dependent on the authorization of the local elites. You cannot be denied services because you spoke up at a city council meeting or signed a petition. You can even visit the clinic to get a bandage for the cut on your head you got at a disputed picket line. Indeed, simply the knowledge that the clinic is there, open, ready and able to provide care emboldens people to stand up for other rights.
And there is a more subtle, but highly significant, relationship between community health centers and civil rights. By providing health care to low income constituencies community health centers affirm their value of their patients as people. To hold groups down, it is important to convince them that they are without value. It’s necessary to make them believe that they are second-class. But there are no second class doors in a community health center. Whenever a doctor or nurse or technician or health coach or manager provides high quality services to a low income family they are expressing a defiant repudiation of the claim that some of us are fundamentally lower class. At community health centers, every patient is affirmed as a person worthy of the best medical services the center can provide. In that sense, community health centers are part of the living, breathing, ongoing reality of the civil rights movement.
Federally Qualified Health Centers add one more element to this philosophy of empowerment. They are governed by a community board with a patient majority. With apologies to Abraham Lincoln, they offer health care of the people, by the people, and for the people.
The community health center movement has achieved impressive gains over the past 5 decades. From those first two clinics, the movement has grown to include 1,200 health centers at 8000 delivery sites serving 20 million people in every American state and territory. The Community Health Partnership is the embodiment of that movement – its traditions, its values, its mission – in our region.
But this connection to the civil rights movement teaches the supporters and advocates and workers and patients of community health centers some important lessons about the challenges ahead.
Civil rights are never benevolently granted or bestowed. They have to be fought for and won, and they must be sustained and defended every year, every month, and every day. The access to quality health care that low-income families receive at community health centers is challenged by governors seeking to cut budgets or by political partisans who insist the efficiency of the health care delivery system is enhanced by using prices to deny access. The effort to keep community health centers open never ends. When you are in a civil rights movement, if justice is to be achievable, then rest becomes unattainable.
Establishing, operating, sustaining, and growing community health centers is an act of struggle. And in all struggles, there are those who stand up and go beyond what is normally expected, those who take service and commitment to a higher level, and those who inspire their colleagues.
One of the most pleasant parts of an event such as this anniversary is the chance to honor some of these extraordinary people by presenting some well-earned awards. We’ll start with the CHP Service Awards. So I would like to ask Dolores Alvarado, Executive Director, of the Community Health Partnership and the awardees and their CEO’s to please come up to the stage. Dolores, herself, is a notable heroine of the community health center movement, and I can think of no one more suitable to officiate at these presentations.
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We might all know that the evolution of the banking industry is in fact true. The banking industry’s existence comes to light due to the currencies which are called money. Therefore, the need of a system to handle or store, or save those money was needed, hence the introduction of banks were introduced in order to secure all the savings in a protected place.
Dating back to the beginning of human history, we all might have heard about the Mesopotamian era, where the introduction of currencies were in a form of silver and gold coins, which the transitioned itself slowly into paper currency of different sizes, which now have become digitized currency, which now called as e-wallets. In order to make those e-wallet to work, e-banking mobile Malaysia apps are needed to utilize the money which is in a digital form.
Therefore, let’s talk about the impact of these e-banking mobile Malaysia that have been introduced by the banking industries over the past year with the comparison of the banking industry during the b.c times.
Banking Industry Transition
Before we had facilities like ATM machines and e-banking mobile Malaysia apps to help us with the use of internet to monitor our savings, the only thing that was there to help our ancestors were physical banks. When we are talking about physical banks, it is not as how it looks in this current era.
Physical banks during the late centuries were known to look like shops or stalls where a person will be in charge in handling the money flow, where transaction and withdrawal of currency took place. Most of this physical bank was owned by the states and the money will often be placed in a vault to keep it secure.
Compared to this day of lives, having a physical bank operating like hawker street food around the place would definitely cost a lot of lost to people and the banks as well, this is why the banking industry soon started to build a place for themselves where big vaults were builds in order to protect the money from getting steal from people. Soon this event led to another, where now people are faced with their own personal bankers in the form of e-banking mobile Malaysia, where consumers and customers are able to manage their own bank account or their services.
Benefits Of E-Banking Mobile Malaysia
There are many benefits of using e-banking mobile Malaysia nowadays, because this system has been created to decrease the amount of people visiting physical banks. All of their needs when it comes to handling their account are now personalized to replicate the experience of going to a bank and meeting with a banker, but just in this case, the banker in this article is the e-banking mobile Malaysia app. This e-banking mobile Malaysia app is able to access your bank account by enabling fund transfer to transaction to take place. Most of this system is available for 24 hours, where the users get to operate it at anytime.
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Navigating Net Zero: JWN Energy To Launch COP26 Series Next Week
COP26 will be as much about the words as it will be about the numbers.
As the world’s attention turns to Glasgow at the end of this month and into November for the UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties, and the 26th annual meeting since the signing of the UN’s Framework Convention on Climate Change, it is difficult to predict what will emerge at the conference’s close.
One key goal is for delegates to put the finishing touches on the Paris Rulebook, first advanced in 2015. But given the momentum the climate debate has gained in recent months, COP26 is expected to produce new and renewed commitments to collective action. Still, it’s safe to say there will be much debate and discussion to weigh and ponder — and many numbers to find the right context in which to contemplate them — as representatives from nearly 200 countries seek consensus on that collective action.
Canada is not the world’s largest emitter, of course, but it’s among the handful of developed countries whose emissions are still growing. And given that reality, there’s a heavier burden on Canada to demonstrate a commitment to action perhaps more than most.
For Canadians in general, and Albertans in particular, COP26 presents an opportunity to ground Canada’s climate efforts in a global context. It’s an opportunity to think critically about choices the country needs to make in the swirling complexities of what we now know as a Net Zero world. It’s a chance to make sense of the headlines and broadcasts about climate considerations that are now a daily staple of our lives.
Net Zero is a term burdened with tremendous responsibilities — but also tremendous opportunities. Net Zero is about critical choices Canadians will make. It will influence how we vote and how we invest. It will impact the taxes we pay. It will crystalize our sense of environmental responsibility. It will shape our global perspectives as it cracks open the sad realities of energy poverty and energy entitlement. It will mold our thinking generationally.
COP26 is an opportunity to put Net Zero into thoughtful context — and navigationally map out strategic pathways forward.
It can be challenging to sort the climate wheat from the climate chaff — to understand what is true and valid and distinguish it from the politicized and radicalized hyperbole at the fringe. To help Canadians keen to understand what is a highly nuanced issue, we asked nine individuals to share their thoughts in the days leading up to COP26. Their perspectives will be presented via our Navigating Net Zero platform — a thought leadership framework created at JWN Energy to curate content related to Canadian efforts on the climate file.
The authors were selected because they each offer a different view of how to contemplate climate — and understand the climate pathways down which Canada and Alberta are already journeying. They represent the policy and innovation ecosystems, as well as the corporate and Indigenous sectors.
Our “perspectives panel” includes:
- Marla Orenstein, director, Natural Resources Centre, and Janet Lane, director, Human Capital Centre, Canada West Foundation
- Jeanette Jackson, chief executive officer, Foresight
- Jim Boucher, chair and president, Saa Dene Group
- Laura Kilcrease, chief executive officer, Alberta Innovates
- Michael Binnion, chief executive officer, Questerre Energy Corporation and Modern Miracle Network
- Steve MacDonald, chief executive officer, Emissions Reduction Alberta
- Brad Hayes, director, Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources
- Martha Hall Findlay, chief sustainability officer, Suncor Energy Inc.
“Net Zero” is also tied directly to the concept of energy transition — another term that bears much responsibility. Like Net Zero, energy transition is “social shorthand” that is now part of our lives in ways we are only beginning to discern. Like Net Zero, “energy transition” has the potential to be both unifying and divisive as Canadians face a range of increasingly difficult choices about energy and the climate.
Through JWN’s Navigating Net Zero platform, our goal is to convene conversations that are balanced and constructive — creating a space that responsibly advances the dialogues central to climate considerations as Canada explores its pathways and possibilities.
- Emissions Management
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Specially designed fabric paint firmly and gently lays on different types of fabrics.
Reliable adhesion to various textiles.
Using this paint with textiles, you’ll get an amazing world of creation.
FABRIC PAINTS PARTICULAR QUALITIES
This is a water-based paint.
Heat treatment by an iron is not required.
Can be used on cotton, linen, polyester, denim and other fabrics.
※ Paint results vary depending on the type of textile.
Consumption of paint depends on the type of cloth. Usually a 20 ml tube will be sufficient to cover an area of A4 size paper.
After drying the paint is not covered by a hard crust. Painted cloth can be washed.
※ Do not dry clean the painted fabric.
※ Some types of textile may have rigidity after dried.
Gradation of colours！
Cotton fabric is widely used for clothing, bags, purses, pouches and other everyday stuff.
Using a special medium, you can easily create the sophisticated and beautiful gradation of different colours on a cotton cloth.
Effect of blurred watercolours!
Linen fabric is characterized by a coarse fiber like canvas.
Adding a special paint medium (slightly more than the average), try the effect of blurred watercolours.
The Fabric Paints have reliable adhesion to Polyester fabrics used in various types of clothing. You can paint multiple colour layers with no bleeding and no streaking.
The paint looks great on dark colours!
Before colouring denim or dark colours it is best to apply a white background or any other bright colour, than the colours will look brighter and more colourful.
※ Paint results vary depending on the type of textile. (Adhesion to various textiles may be different depending on the chemical fiber of the textile.)
HOW TO USE FABRIC PAINT
When working with fabric paint it is recommended to put an old newspaper or cloth under the textile to avoid contamination.
1. Dilute the paint with approximate 10-20% water and mix well.
2. Better to use paper or glass pallets.
3. All colours can be mixed with this fabric paint series.
4. Multiple layering and recoating are possible. Another colour can be painted over the dried paint.
※ To hide the background colour of cloth, first use white paint and then cover it with the required colour.
ABOUT MIXED COLOURS
Use your imagination to mix colours. Try to use not only one colour. Mix and create your own original colours.
FOR MIXING EFFICIENCY:
The important point when mixing colours, is to keep the brightness of the paint. Avoid over mixing.
A RANGE OF 45 COLOURS
Standard Colour Series — 24 colours;
Fluorescent Series – 3 colours;
Lame Colour Series — 6 colours;
Japanesque Colour Series – 12 colours..
FABRIC PAINT MEDIUM
Fabric Paint Medium helps you achieve a blurred effects with your paints.
The Medium is added when necessary to make the transition of shades (colours blur). It is used to dilute the colour, instead of water, without affecting the paint absorbency into the cloth fiber structure.
HOW TO USE MEDIUM
Medium uses to mix with the paint.
For best results dilute the medium with fabric paint in approximate ratio of 1:2.
More medium requires more time to dry.
※ The duration of drying also depends on temperature and humidity.
MEDIUM FOR SILK-SCREEN PRINTING
Special medium for silkscreen printing.
After adding medium the paint lays on the silk smoothly to create the perfect screen print.
HOW TO USE MEDIUM
Dilute the medium with fabric paint in approximate ratio of 1:1.
For best results, please test by colouring on a piece of fabric before use.
Note that after adding more medium, the colour becomes dimmer.
※ Colouring effect may differ depending on the quality of the fabric
Clean your brush and tools with water right after use before they dry.
Heat treatment by iron is not required.
A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR WORKING WITH FABRIC PAINT
Simple methods and available tools can easily be used even by beginners.
Sand paper is very convenient to use under fabric!
* The fabric will not shift (move) when drawing
* This prevents colour transfer to other parts of the fabric.
* The fabric can be left on the paper until dried.
Stencils made by yourself or bought at stores.
Use reusable stencils.
NATURAL STENCILS USE
For images showing the change of seasons or the beauty of nature you can also use natural ingredients such as plant leaves, etc.
PRINT, STAMPS USE
You can also stamp the pattern onto the fabric with prints and seals placing the fabric paint on the surface.
SPONGE TECHNIQUE USE
When drawing through a stencil use a piece of sponge. Making a special tool by putting sponge between disposable chopsticks or on top of a pencil, attach with a rubber band.
Instead of a professional palette, the waterproof inside part of a milk or yogurt carton can be used. Watercolour palette, (plastic made) is better to pre-wrap with wrap film, as the paint may leave a trace of colours.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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| 0.855616
| 1,189
| 2.4375
| 2
|
I TUOI DATI
I TUOI ORDINI
N. prodotti: 0
Totale ordine: € 0,00
I TUOI ABBONAMENTI
I TUOI ARTICOLI
Rivista di Medicina Interna
Indexed/Abstracted in: BIOSIS Previews, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch), Scopus
Impact Factor 1,6
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Panminerva Medica 2009 Giugno;51(2):95-114
Pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Saey D., Bernard S., Gagnon P., Laviolette L., Soicher J., Maltais F., Esgagne P., Coats V., Devost A.-A.
Research Centre, Quebec Cardiology and Pneumology Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and an important worldwide cause of disability and handicap. Centered around exercise training, pulmonary rehabilitation is a global, multidisciplinary, individualized and comprehensive approach acting on the patient as a whole and not only on the pulmonary component of the disease. Pulmonary rehabilitation is now well recognized as an effective and key intervention in the management of several respiratory diseases particularly in COPD. Modern and effective pulmonary rehabilitation programs are global, multidisciplinary, individualized and use comprehensive approach acting on the patient as a whole and not only on the pulmonary component of the disease. In the last two decades interest for pulmonary rehabilitation is on the rise and a growing literature including several guidelines is now available. This review addresses the recent developments in the broad area of pulmonary rehabilitation as well as new methods to consider in the development of future and better programs. Modern literature for rationale, physiopathological basis, structure, exercise training as well challenges for pulmonary rehabilitation programs are addressed. Among the main challenges of pulmonary rehabilitation, efforts have to be devoted to improve accessibility to early rehabilitation strategies, not only to patients with COPD but to those with other chronic respiratory diseases.
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<urn:uuid:ded8ccff-17d9-4e2b-ab3b-d358a62085be>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.minervamedica.it/it/riviste/panminerva-medica/articolo.php?cod=R41Y2009N02A0095
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|
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| 0.856017
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Places of Interest nearby
Location address: Italia, Torino, Pinerolo
Number of texts: 2
In the Middle Ages, the town of Pinerolo was one of the main crossroads in Italy, and was therefore one of the principal fortresses of the dukes of Savoy. The reason is that it was located on a road to cross the Alps.
As a result, its military importance was the origin of the well-known military school that still exists today. The fortress of Fenestrelle is nearby.
The “Man in the Iron Mask” was imprisoned in Pinerolo. It is still not sure who that was. Voltaire claimed that it was the illegitimate brother of Louis XIV. In the late 1840s, the writer Alexandre Dumas elaborated on the theme in the final installment of his Three Musketeers saga: here it was Louis XIV’s twin brother.
Pinerolo (French: Pignerol ; Piemontese: Pinareul) is a town and comune |in northwestern Italy, 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Turin on the river Chisone.
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<urn:uuid:c5ea18c4-534a-4de5-879b-6b534e1c11a7>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.routeyou.com/en-it/location/view/47419458/pinerolo
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|
HNR file extension - Teleatlas file
What is hnr file? How to open hnr files?
File type specification:
The hnr file extension is associated with the Teleatlas GPS maps, that are used by many GPS navigation devices and GPS applications, like iGo primo.
The hnr file stores some kind of data used by Teleatlas.
The default software associated to hnr file type:
Company or developer:
iGO Primo is GPS navigation software for smart phones and portable computers as well as is distributed with iGO GPS navigation accessories.
iGO Primo for iOS was introduced at CeBIT Hannover, 2011. Running on the iGO primo software engine, the refreshed application covers 115 countries with location-based search, green routing and improved junction views.
Android and Windows Mobile versions are available to smartphone manufacturers and network providers, but not for retail sale!
List of recommended software applications associated to the .hnr file extension
Recommended software programs are sorted by OS platform (Windows, Mac OS X etc.) and possible program actions
that can be done with the file: like open hnr file, edit hnr file, convert hnr file, view hnr file, play hnr file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
- Others hnr file
Unspecified and all other actions for computer programs working with hnr file - Teleatlas file
Click on the software link for more information about iGO primo. iGO primo uses hnr file type for its internal purposes and/or also by different way than common edit or open file actions (eg. to install/execute/support an application itself, to store application or user data, configure program etc.).
|
<urn:uuid:c4c228ce-d556-41a5-82f6-6a0304025bd1>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.file-extensions.org/hnr-file-extension
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.881354
| 368
| 1.914063
| 2
|
Lady Caroline Blackwood
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
|Lady Caroline Blackwood|
Lucian Freud, Girl in bed, 1952
|Born||Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood
16 July 1931
|Died||14 February 1996(aged 64)|
|Occupation||novelist, journalist, critic|
m. 1953, ann. 1958
m. 1959, ann. 1972
m. 1972, died 1977
Lady Caroline Maureen Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood (16 July 1931 – 14 February 1996) was a writer, and the eldest child of the 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava and the brewery heiress Maureen Guinness.
A well-known figure in the literary world through her journalism and her novels, Caroline Blackwood was equally well known for her high-profile marriages, first to the artist Lucian Freud, then to the composer Israel Citkowitz and finally to the poet Robert Lowell, who described her as "a mermaid who dines upon the bones of her winded lovers". Her novels are known for their wit and intelligence, and one in particular is scathingly autobiographical in describing her unhappy childhood.
She was born into an Anglo-Irish aristocratic family from Ulster at 4 Hans Crescent in Knightsbridge, her parents' London home. She was, she admitted, "scantily educated" at, among other schools, Rockport School (County Down) and Downham (Essex). After a finishing school in Oxford she was presented as a debutante in 1949 at a ball held at Londonderry House.
Blackwood’s first job was with Hulton Press as a secretary, but she was soon given small reporting jobs by Claud Cockburn. Ann Fleming, the wife of "James Bond" author Ian Fleming, introduced Lady Caroline to Lucian Freud, and the two eloped to Paris in 1952. In Paris she met Picasso (and reportedly refused to wash for three days after he drew on her hands and nails). She married Freud on 9 December 1953 and became a striking figure in London's bohemian circles; the Gargoyle Club and Colony Room replaced Belgravia drawing rooms as her haunts. She sat for several of Freud's finest portraits, including Girl In Bed, which testifies to her alluring beauty. She was impressed by the ruthless vision of Freud and Francis Bacon and her later fiction was a literary version of their view of humanity.
In the early 1960s, Blackwood began contributing to Encounter, London Magazine, and other periodicals on subjects such as beatniks, Ulster sectarianism, women's lib theatre and New York free schools. Although these articles were elegant, minutely observed and sometimes wickedly funny, they had, according to Christopher Isherwood, a persistent flaw: "she is only capable of thinking negatively. Confronted by a phenomenon, she asks herself: what is wrong with it?" During the mid-1960s, she had an affair with Robert Silvers, the founder and co-editor of The New York Review of Books.
Her third husband, Robert Lowell, was a crucial influence on her talents as a novelist. He encouraged her to write her first book, For All That I Found There (1973), the title of which is a line from the Percy French song "The Mountains of Mourne", and formed a coruscating memoir of her daughter’s treatment in a burns unit. Blackwood’s first novel The Stepdaughter (1976) appeared three years later to much acclaim, and is a concise and gripping monologue by a rich, self-pitying woman deserted by her husband in a plush New York apartment and tormented by her fat stepdaughter. It won the David Higham Prize for best first novel. Great Granny Webster followed in 1977 and was partly derived on her own miserable childhood, and depicted an austere and loveless old woman’s destructive impact on her daughter and granddaughter. It was short-listed for the Booker Prize.
In 1980 came The Last of the Duchess, a study of the relations between the Duchess of Windsor and her cunning lawyer, Maître Suzanne Blum; it could not be published until after Blum’s death in 1995. Her third novel The Fate of Mary Rose (1981) describes the effect on a Kent village of the rape and torture of a ten-year-old girl named Maureen and is narrated by a selfish historian whose obsessions destroy his domestic life. After this came a collection of five short stories, Good Night Sweet Ladies (1983), followed by her final novel, Corrigan (1984), which was the least successful and depicts the effects on a depressed widow of a charming, energetic but sinister cripple who erupts into her life.
Blackwood’s later books were based on interviews and vignettes, including On The Perimeter (1984), which focused her attentions on the women’s peace encampment at the Greenham Common air base in Berkshire, and In The Pink (1987), which was a reflective, ghoulish book looking at the hunting and the hunt saboteur fraternities and exposed the many obsessive personalities of both fox-hunters and animal rights activists.
Blackwood's marriage to Lucian Freud disintegrated soon after they married in 1953; and, in 1957, she moved to New York City and studied acting at the Stella Adler school. She also went to Hollywood and appeared in several films. Her marriage to Freud was finally dissolved in 1958 in Mexico.
On 15 August 1959, she married the pianist Israel Citkowitz (1909–1974), a man who would have been the same age as her father. They had three daughters. By the time of the birth of the youngest daughter, Ivana in 1966, Blackwood's marriage to Citkowitz was over, though Citkowitz continued to live nearby and served as a nanny-duenna until his death. During the mid-1960s, Blackwood had an affair with Robert Silvers, a founder and co-editor of The New York Review of Books, who stayed close to the family thereafter.
According to Ivana, both Silvers and Ivana suspected that Silvers was her biological father. However, a deathbed admission by Blackwood revealed that Ivana's biological father was another boyfriend, the screenwriter Ivan Moffat, the grandson of actor-manager Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree.
In 1970, Blackwood returned to London and, in April, began a relationship with the poet Robert Lowell, who suffered from bipolar disorder. Lowell was at the time a visiting professor at All Souls College, Oxford. Their son, Sheridan, was born on 28 September 1971; and, after obtaining divorces from their respective spouses, Blackwood and Lowell were married on 21 October 1972. They lived in London and Milgate House in Kent. The sequence of poems in Lowell's The Dolphin (1973) provides a disrupted narrative of his involvement with Blackwood and the birth of their son (Lowell's friend Elizabeth Bishop strongly advised Lowell not to publish the book, advice he ignored).
Blackwood at the time was distressed and confused in her reactions to Lowell's manic episodes, feeling useless and afraid of their effect on her children. Her anxieties, alcohol-related illnesses, and late-night tirades exacerbated his condition. In 1977, Lowell died, reportedly clutching one of Freud’s portraits of Blackwood, in the back seat of a New York cab, on his way back to his second wife, the writer Elizabeth Hardwick. This heartache was followed a year later by the death of her daughter Natalya from a drug overdose at the age of 18.
In 1977, to avoid tax, Blackwood left England and went to live in County Kildare, Ireland, in an apartment at the great Georgian mansion of Castletown House, which was owned by her cousin Desmond Guinness. Ten years later, in 1987, she returned to the United States, settling in a large, comfortable house in Sag Harbor, Long Island, where, although her powers were greatly depleted by alcoholism, she continued to write, including two vivid memoirs of Princess Margaret and Francis Bacon, published in The New York Review of Books in 1992.
She never lost her dark, macabre sense of humour, even during her final illness. British writer and essayist Anna Haycraft, a staunch Roman Catholic, brought holy water from Lourdes, which accidentally spilled on Blackwood's deathbed sheets: “I might have caught my death”, she muttered.
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On 14 February 1996, Blackwood died from cancer at the Mayfair Hotel on Park Avenue in New York City, aged 64. She was survived by her two younger daughters Eugenia Citkowitz Sands (b. 1963), wife of actor Julian Sands, and Ivana (b. 1966); her son Sheridan Lowell; her sister Lady Perdita Blackwood; and her mother, the former Maureen Guinness, who died two years later, aged 91. She was predeceased by her father, Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1909–1945), her oldest daughter Natalya (1960-1978), and her brother, Sheridan Dufferin, 5th Marquess (1938–1988).
- Schoenberger, Nancy (2012). Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood, n.p. Random House Digital, Inc.
- Brubach, Holly. "Their Better Half". The New York Times, 17 August 2010.
- Gaines, Steven. "Ivana Lowell, Sober Guinness Heiress Raised by Poet, Says What Happened". New York magazine, 19 September 2010.
- Saner, Emine. "Ivana Lowell: So, who was my father?", The Guardian, 3 December 2010, accessed 4 February 2013.
- Gonzalez, Alexander G. (2006). Irish Women Writers: An A-To-Z Guide, p. 24. Greenwood Publishing Group.
- Davenport-Hines, Richard. "Caroline Blackwood" in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press.
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APRIL PARTNER TALKS #3 Educator Monica Malmquist Answers Your Questions
This Child Abuse Prevention Month, we asked our Partner Professionals to talk with us about their areas of expertise and answer questions about how to prevent abuse, neglect, and trauma by supporting children and families in building resilience. Ask your question now and we'll make sure it gets answered!
Today we talk with Educator and English Language Learners Specialist Monica Malmquist. Monica works with English Language Learners at an elementary school in Mill Valley, California.
PIP Welcome, Monica, thank you so much for being part of our Partner Talks.
MONICA MALMQUIST I'm so happy to be here!
PIP You are an elementary school educator. I'm sure the past couple of years have been quite a whirlwind for you. As students come back to school and things start to return to some semblance of normalcy, how are you helping kids to cope with being away from home? Are there particular ways that teachers can help kids address fears and learn how to keep themselves safe and resilient?
MONICA MALMQUIST Yes, the kids are back in school and things are getting back to normal in some ways, but the kids have been through so much. Being at home and away from the social life of school has meant that the kids have less community in their lives looking out for them. In many ways, community—teachers, counselors, principals, etc. can contribute to helping keep kids safe. For example, teachers can look out for signs of abuse and neglect, and can help teach kids about what is safe and what is not.
PIP Do you have particular tools that you use to teach kids about safety?
MONICA MALMQUIST I like to gather the kids in a group activity of thinking aloud together about safety. We can go over safety words, body boundaries, and how to say no, get away, and tell someone if anyone ever tries to touch a child in a way they don't want. This helps kids to feel safe in opening up and talking about their own lives, and thinking about the adults they can trust if they ever feel unsafe or just need to talk. One activity I did with my students recently was helping them to create a Network of Support.
PIP Tell us about the Network of Support. How did you use that with your students?
MONICA MALMQUIST The Network of Support provides a way for kids to think about the adults that they can count on, people that they trust that they can go to if they need someone to talk to, or if anyone ever tries to touch them inappropriately or hurt them in any way. By filling out a Network of Support, kids have a roadmap for getting help if anything comes up. It's a great exercise for everyone to do—it's nice to know who we can trust.
Can you walk us through how you do it?
MONICA MALMQUIST Sure! On the 'My Network of Support' page of thesefree downloadable activity sheets, the character Telli (who encourages kids to tell someone if anyone tries to do anything bad to them) is surrounded by 8 circles. In each circle, kids can fill in an adult that they can trust, like a teacher, firefighter, doctor, aunt, uncle, or parent. There may be others to add to the network of support, like a neighbor, a police officer, or a religious leader in the community. Kids can add anyone that they feel safe with. These are the people they would go talk to if they needed an adult.
PIP That seems like a really helpful thing for kids to think about and know. Do your students like creating the network?
MONICA MALMQUIST Students really seem to like it. A few students have told me that it's a fun project because they get to talk about people that they like, that they like using their Spanish to write the names, and that they get to color. Some students tell me that it's a lot more fun than tests, and I would agree with that!
PIP I would agree with that too! You mentioned that kids like using their Spanish to write the names. I know that as an English Language Learners Specialist, you work with a lot of students who speak other languages and who may prefer to create their Network of Support in their first language. How do you help them with that?
MONICA MALMQUIST Fortunately, the Activity Pages and the Network of Support resource is available in 23 different languages, so kids can usually create their network in their first language, and can feel like it relates to their home life. It's great to have ways for children to feel like their home and their community are connected in this way, that both are invested in keeping them safe.
PIP Do the kids have a sense of why the Network of Support is important?
MONICA MALMQUIST They do! Here are some of their responses to that exact question:
“This reminds me of who I can tell when I need help.”
“This shows us all the people that care about us.”
“If I get scared, I know who I can tell.”
“When someone hurts you, you can get a person to talk to your parents.”
“You can go to these other people if someone is busy.”
“These are people who can help you find what you need.”
“When your mom goes somewhere, you need other people.”
PIP These are so great, Monica, thank you!
MONICA MALMQUIST Thank you for the wonderful Safety Awareness Education materials!
“By filling out a Network of Support, kids have a roadmap for getting help if anything comes up. It's a great exercise for everyone to do—it's nice to know who we can trust.” —Monica Malmquist
To order your Safety Awareness Education Materials, please visit our website.
Thank you for joining us for these very special April Partner Talks with our Partner Professionals. For the love of a child, please remember to wear your blue ribbon throughout the month of April for Child Abuse Prevention Month!
WE ARE COMMITTED TO BRINGING YOU RELEVANT FOOD FOR THOUGHT TO KEEP THE CONVERSATION ON CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION TIMELY.
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