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A recent survey at a conference in London pointed to very significant differences between users (generally favourable to mediation) and their advisers (whether in house or lawyers in firms, who appeared far more resistant to using mediation). The reasons are no doubt complex and the article published in the Southern California Law Review, How Lawyers’ Intuitions Prolong Litigation, offers some explanations. I have commented on that in the past….http://www.core-solutions.com/blog/cognitive-illusions-hamper-litigation-choices/
In a parallel setting, I have been reading Naomi Klein’s expansive work This Changes Everything: Capitalism v The Climate. She explains that climate change deniers and sceptics are often very aware of what is happening. In fact, they are so aware that they understand that, in order to prevent the now widely accepted predicted consequences of climate change, there would need to be a radical change in our present economic structures. Climate change deniers and sceptics are generally associated with a certain political viewpoint and stand to lose most if the necessary changes are implemented (see also http://theconversation.com/why-ill-talk-politics-with-climate-change-deniers-but-not-science-34949). Therefore, they do their best to create doubt and resistance to change. Consequently, short term benefits for a relatively small group would prevail over longer term disaster for much of the planet. A provocative thought….
This has caused me to wonder if, at least sub-consciously, something like this is happening with some lawyers in their response to mediation…? If so, that deserves our understanding and not our ridicule. As with responding to climate change sceptics, we will need to employ all of our awareness of neuro-science, behavioural psychology and cognitive biases to address the situation (see the brilliant book by George Marshall: Don’t Even Think About It, Why Our Brains Are Wired To Ignore Climate Change). It may also require us to step out of what Klein calls “the fetish of centrism”, ie “reasonableness, splitting the difference, and generally not getting overly excited about anything.” In other words, contrary to our instincts, mediators may need to go on the offensive… but in a careful and thoughtful way. It is, however, a battle of sorts.
Funnily enough, an official in charge of climate change policy in our Scottish Government recently challenged me with these words: “Could you lead the way on low carbon mediation ….? What would climate friendly mediation look like in practice? What could be done with technology? With building local capacity?”
My reply was this:
“Mediation is a great example of sustainable and low carbon activity. In one day, we help people resolve disputes that otherwise will cost hundreds, thousands or hundreds of thousands or more, saving not just money but use of resources (courts, lawyers etc) and witness time and travel, to name a few benefits. It goes on. Relationships are preserved, staff turnover reduced, morale enhanced, business decisions can be made with certainty, energy can be focussed on making more with less…”
“While in mediation face to face meetings are ideal, we skype or conference call whenever we can for preparation meetings, and online mediation is already happening.” [And see the recent report by the Civil Justice Council of England and Wales on this topic: http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Online-Dispute-Resolution-Final-Web-Version1.pdf]
I pondered “……could the Scottish Government (indeed, any government?) see this angle to mediation, perhaps in connection with justice reform, and find a way for the Justice Department to unite with other departments under the collective umbrella of sustainability….?”
Encouraging all of this (and real climate change conversations) would be a fascinating exercise in multi-party, multi-issue mediation…and could also lead to commercial mediators doing what Doug Noll exhorts us to do in Elusive Peace…..use our skills to get involved with the big issues.
But, more simply, perhaps we need to accept the parallels between the changes which facing up to climate change will bring, and the natural reaction of those with most to lose, and what mediation means for traditional and resource-intensive dispute resolution and those who depend on it?
As with climate change, many of us mediators have stakes in the current system too – and standing out and apart from it takes real courage. We stand to lose as well. But we can see the bigger picture and that some sacrifice may be necessary. Don’t we?
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Faculty of Arts
Christianity in the South Pacific
The history of missionary impact on the South Pacific (excluding New Zealand) with particular attention to the interaction of Christianity, individuals and cultures and the emergence of indigenous responses.
Coordinator(s) Dr Nicholas Thompson
CTHTHEO 353: 15.0 points
15 points from CTHTHEO 252, 254 or 255, plus an additional 15 points at Stage II in Christian Thought and History
CTHTHEO 248, 253, 349
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University of Agriculture DIK (UAD) is a government institute located in the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, established in October 2017. This institute was reformed from a faculty of agriculture in Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan. The University of Agriculture DIK aims to provide a work-friendly environment that will allow them to develop independently along with aiding to address and overcome the wider issues of the state.
It is is a research-oriented institution that focuses on providing a unique environment to the candidates, teaching disciples that are economically beneficial on a local, national, and international scale, and aims to give students the strongest possible foundation to build their careers.
If students choose to be at the University of Agriculture DIK, the institute assures them a bright, promising and prosperous future in concurrence with their dreams. The main motto of UAD is “Start With a Dream, Finish With a Future” and are determined to make this University support of academic excellence. Dera Ismail Khan was established during the 15th century and is considered the largest district of southern KPK. It is a city of prestigious history and is a frequent region for tourist visits because of its routes connecting to Peshawar, Quetta, and Karachi which are the 3 most populated cities of Pakistan. The town floods with ancient culture and rich history along with beautiful historical sites which are the main attraction for the population masses inhabited there. Along with the University of Agriculture DIK, the district also consists of many other renowned institutes due to the high demand for education.
Other Univerisities You Might be Interested
The University of Agriculture DIK offers education in undergraduate and graduate programs.
Selection criteria for Undergraduate programs
1. For undergraduates,12 year or equivalent education is a must for applicants for admission in all courses along with adequate marks in entry test
2. For BS programs in tech and computers, 12-year pre-engineering, or equivalent with any subject in mathematics with a minimum of 50 % are eligible to sit in entry test.
Selection criteria for Graduate programs
1. For MS education in courses of agricultural technology, a minimum GPA of 2.5 is required will at least 60%marks in FSc or equivalent examination.
2. For MS programs of computer science, software engineering, and BBA a minimum of 2.2 CGPA is eligible.
Following degree programs are being offered here. Please click on (+) icon to expand the view. Click on the individual degree program name to get the complete details.
The University of Agriculture DIK provides numerous scholarships to meritorious and financially limited candidates Thanks to these scholarships (given on merit), students now can have access to quality education.
– USAID funded,
– Need-based scholarship,
– UAF need-based scholarship,
– Punjab education endowment fund,
– UAF alumni sponsored educational scholarship
– Bait Ul Mal scholarships are offered to candidates.
Search for International Scholarships
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In this second Unix lesson, it’s time for you to log in to the system and try some commands. This hour focuses on learning the basics of interacting with your Unix machine.
This hour introduces many commands, so it’s very important that you have a Unix system available on which you can work through all the examples. Most examples have been taken from a PC running Solaris 11, a variant of Unix System V Release 4, and have been double-checked on both a BSD-based system and a Mac OS X command line. Any variance between the three is noted. If you have a Unix system available, odds are good that it’s based on either AT&T System V or Berkeley Unix.
Beginning Your Session
Before you can start interacting with the Unix command shell of your choice, you need to learn how to log in to your account. The good news is that it’s easy! Let’s have a look.
Task 2.1: Logging In to and Out of the System
Because Unix is a multiuser system, user authentication is always enforced: You always need to provide credentials (generally a username and a password) to the system so that it knows who you are. Some modern user-friendly flavors of Unix (such as Mac OS X) allow you to bypass this requirement by always booting into a single user’s desktop session, but this is just a convenience feature; under the hood, all Unix flavors are the same, and all require that you authenticate yourself at some stage of the process.
Old-school hardware terminals do still exist, or you might choose to boot a Linux or FreeBSD box directly to the textual console; but if you’re new to Unix, you’ll most likely need an application known as a terminal to access the command line. Most graphical operating systems include one. I use the Terminal app included with Mac OS X (in the Utilities folder) whether I’m accessing my local system or just opening an environment in which to connect to a remote system via ssh.
If you need to actually log in, the first thing you’ll see on the screen will look something like this:
GNU/Linux ado.aplonis.net 5:38pm on Tue, 8 Jul 2014 login:
The first line of this challenge prompt indicates what variant of Unix the system is running (GNU/Linux in this case), the hostname of the computer system, and the current time and date. The second line asks for your login, also known as your username or account name.
- Know your account name. It would be nice if computers could keep track of users by simply using full names so that I could enter Dave Taylor at the login prompt. Alas, like the Internal Revenue Service, the Department of Motor Vehicles, and many other agencies, Unix does not use names but instead assigns each user a unique identifier. This identifier, called an account name, has eight characters or fewer and is usually based on the user’s first or last name, although it can be any combination of letters and numbers. I have two account names, or logins, on the systems I use: taylor and, on another machine where someone already had that account name, d1taylor.
Know your password. Perhaps your account name is on a piece of paper with your initial password, both assigned by the Unix system administrator. If you do not have this information, you need to track it down before you can go further. Some accounts might not have an initial password; in that case, you won’t have to enter one the first time you log in to the system. If that’s the case, create a password for your own security. In a few minutes, you will learn how you can give yourself the password of your choice by using the Unix command passwd.
Note that a lot of systems are accessible only through the ssh function, and so a common way to connect to a modern system is to open up a local terminal app on your Mac or PC and type in something like:
$ ssh firstname.lastname@example.org
where taylor is the account name and intuitive.com is the name of the remote host. If that’s how you need to access your Unix system remotely, it’s actually easier than using the login/password sequence; you just need to make extra sure that you type in everything exactly as prompted.
At the login prompt, enter your account name if needed:
login: taylor Password:
Be particularly careful to use exactly what your administrator tells you to use (for example, the accounts taylor, Taylor, and TAYLOR are all different to Unix). After you’ve entered your account name, the system moves the cursor to the next line and prompts you for your password. If you’re using the ssh sequence, then the prompt will include your account name, as shown here:
Either way, when you enter your password, the system won’t echo it (that is, won’t display it) on the screen. That’s okay. Lack of an echo doesn’t mean anything is broken; instead, this is a security measure to ensure that even if people are looking over your shoulder, they can’t learn your secret password by watching your screen. Be certain to type your password correctly because you won’t see what you’ve typed and have a chance to correct it.
After you’ve successfully entered your account name and password, you are shown some information about the system, some news for users, perhaps a fortune, and an indication of whether you have electronic mail. The specifics will vary, but here’s an example of what I see when I log in to my account:
login: taylor Password: Last login: Thu Jul 7 17:00:23 on ttyAe You have mail. $
Your system might be configured so that you have a slightly different prompt here. The possibilities include a % for the C shell, your current location in the file system, the current time, the command-index number (which you’ll learn about when you learn how to teach the Unix command-line interpreter to adapt to your work style rather than vice versa), and the name of the computer system itself. Here are some examples:
[/users/taylor] : (mentor) 33 : taylor@mentor %
Your prompt might not look exactly like any of these, but you know you’re looking at a prompt because it’s at the beginning of the line on which your cursor sits, and it reappears each time you’ve completed working with any Unix program. That’s how you know the program has completed its task.
At this point, you’re ready to enter your first Unix command, exit, to sign off from the computer system. Try it. On my system, entering exit shuts down all my programs and quits the terminal app. On other systems, it returns you to the login prompt. Many Unix systems offer a pithy quote as you leave, too.
% exit He who hesitates is lost. login:
If you have a direct connection to the computer because you’re using a shared system in a computer center, library, or similar, odds are very good that logging out causes the system to prompt for another account name, enabling the next person to use the system. If you manually connected to the system via the Internet, you probably will see something more like the following example. After being disconnected from the remote system, you’ll then be able to safely shut down your local computer:
% exit Did you lose your keys again? Connection to 126.96.36.199 closed.
At this point, you’ve stepped through the toughest parts of getting started with Unix. You have an account, know the password, have logged in to the system, and have entered a simple command telling the computer what you want to do, and the computer has done it!
Task 2.2: Changing Passwords with passwd
Having logged in to a Unix system, you can clearly see that many differences exist between Unix and a PC or Macintosh personal computer. Certainly the style of interaction is different. With Unix command lines, the keyboard becomes the exclusive method of instructing the computer what to do, and the mouse sits idle. One of the greatest differences is that Unix is a multiuser system, as you learned in the preceding hour. As you learn more about Unix, you’ll find that this characteristic has an impact on various tasks and commands. The next Unix command you’ll learn about is one that exists because of the multiuser nature of Unix: passwd.
With the passwd command, you can change the password associated with your individual account name. As with your personal identification number (PIN) for automated-teller machines, the value of your password is directly related to how secret it remains.
Consider what happens when I use the passwd command to change the password associated with my account:
% passwd Changing password for taylor. Old password: New passwd: Retype new passwd: %
Notice that I never received any visual confirmation that the password I actually entered was the same as the password I thought I entered. This is not as dangerous as it seems, though, because if I had made any typographical errors, the password I entered the second time (when the system said Retype new passwd:) wouldn’t have matched the first. In a no-match situation, the system would have warned me that the information I supplied was inconsistent:
% passwd Changing password for taylor. Old password: New passwd: Retype new passwd: Mismatch - password unchanged. %
Smart systems will complain if you pick a really bad password or one that’s just obviously too short. I tried cat on my Oracle Solaris system, and the passwd command complained:
passwd: Password too short - must be at least 6 characters.
Oops. In the next section you’ll learn about how to pick good, hard-to-guess but easy-to-remember passwords.
After you change the password, don’t forget it. Resetting it to a known value if you don’t know the current password requires the assistance of a system administrator or other operator. Using a trick to remember your password can be a Catch-22, though: You don’t want to write down the password because that reduces its secrecy and you don’t want to make it too easy to remember because someone else can then guess it, but you don’t want to forget it, because that can be all sorts of hassle. You want to be sure that you pick a good password, too, as described in Task 2.3.
Task 2.3: Picking a Secure Password
If you’re an aficionado of old movies, you are familiar with the thrillers in which the hoods break into an office and spin the dial on the safe a few times, snicker a bit about how the boss shouldn’t have chosen his daughter’s birthday as the combination, and crank open the safe. (If you’re really familiar with the genre, you recall films in which the criminals rifle the desk drawers and find the combination of the safe taped to the underside of a drawer as a fail-safe, or a failed safe, as the case may be. Hitchcock’s great film Marnie has just such a scene.) The moral is that even the best secret password is useful only if you keep it secret.
For computers, security is tougher because a fast computer system can test all the words in an English dictionary against your account password faster than you can say “don’t hack me, bro.” If your password is kitten or, worse yet, your account name, any semicompetent bad guy could be in your account and messing with your files in no time. This is called a dictionary attack.
Most modern Unix systems have some heuristics, or smarts, built in to the passwd command; the heuristics check to determine whether what you’ve entered is reasonably secure.
The tests performed typically answer these questions:
- Is the proposed password at least six characters long? (A longer password is more secure.)
- Does it have both digits and letters? (A mix of both is best.)
- Does it mix upper- and lowercase letters? (A mix is best.)
- Does it include at least one punctuation character? (adding a %, !, @, or even . is best)
- Is it in the online dictionary? (You should avoid common words.)
- Is it a name or word associated with the account? (Dave would be a bad password for my account taylor because my full name on the system is Dave Taylor).
Some versions of the passwd program are more sophisticated, and some less, but generally the following are good guidelines for picking a secure password:
- An easy way to choose memorable and secure passwords is to think of them as small sentences rather than as a single word with some characters surrounding it. If you’re a fan of Alexander Dumas and The Three Musketeers, then “All for one and one for all!” is a familiar cry, but it’s also the basis for a couple of great passwords. Easily remembered derivations might be the punnish awl4ONE? or a41&14A!.
- If you’ve been in the service, you might have the old U.S. Army jingle stuck in your head: “Be All You Can Be.” Try thinking of that phrase as a series of abbreviations and letters: ballucanb. Turn that into a good password with a few additional tweaks: 4ballu@canb. You might have a self-referential password: account4me or MySekrit would work. If you’re ex-Vice President Dan Quayle, 1Potatoe could be a memorable choice. (potatoe by itself wouldn’t be particularly secure because it lacks digits and lacks uppercase letters and because it’s a simple variation on a word in the online dictionary.)
- Another way to choose passwords is to find acronyms that have special meaning to you. Don’t choose simple ones. Remember, short ones aren’t going to be secure. But if you have always heard that “Real programmers don’t eat quiche!” then Rpdeq! could be a complex password that you’ll easily remember.
- Many systems you use every day require numeric passwords to verify your identity, including the automated-teller machine (with its PIN), government agencies (with the Social Security number), and the Department of Motor Vehicles (your driver’s license number or vehicle license). Each of these actually is a poor Unix password because it’s too easy for someone to find out your license number or Social Security number. And a series of nothing but numbers is a terrible password anyway!
Why be so paranoid? For a small Unix system that will sit on your desk and won’t have any other users, a high level of concern for security is, to be honest, unnecessary. As with driving a car, though, it’s never too early to learn good habits. Any system that has Internet access means that it’s probably accessible from the Internet, too, and that means it’s at risk of hackers trying to break in, a target for delinquents who relish the intellectual challenge of breaking into an account and then altering and destroying files and programs purely for amusement.
The best way to avoid trouble is to develop good security habits now, when you’re first learning about Unix. Learn how to recognize what makes a good, secure password, pick one for your account, and keep it a secret. Don’t write it down, or, if you must, keep that note secure too and notify your admin if it gets lost. A little prevention can be a lot easier than mopping up after a security breech.
With that in mind, log in again to your Unix system and try changing your password. First, change it to easy and see whether the program warns you that easy is too short or otherwise a poor choice. Then try entering two different secret passwords to see whether the program notices the difference. Finally, pick a good password, using the preceding guidelines and suggestions, and change your account password to be more secure.
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Share 'All of you Atheists are evading a LARGE body of evidence supporting Christianity!'
Or so we're being told by Conservapedia."Unlike Christianity, which is supported by a large body of sound evidence (see: Christian apologetics),
atheism has no proof and evidence supporting its ideology. As a result,
atheism often relies on asserting fragile assumptions that are contrary
to the existing evidence. In addition, atheists/skeptics do have a tradition of making assumptio…
You can share this discussion in two ways…
Share this link:
Send it with your computer's email program: Email this
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With plants there are tons of great choices that are easy to get grow. Vals, crypts, anubias, java fern, dwarf sag, hygrophila corymbosa, ludwigia, rotala rotundifolia (indica is almost always the same thing), anacharis, hornwort (personally I hate it, it sheds needles like crazy, good floating though, but the needles shedding can cause bacteria and the corie's barbels could become infected), water wisteria, water sprite, pennywort, java moss, dwarf pygmy chain sword are all great choices. I have grown all these besides pygmy chain, vals (my tanks aren't tall, but it is a great background plant) and water sprite. Some people say rotala is hard, but my up stairs neighbor, still a newbie, is growing his strong. Ludwigia can be picky, but just give it a spot underneath the bulb and it should do alright.
If you don't have a plant bulb you will need one. 6500k is usually the best to go with, just find it in your size bulb and length. If you have the hoods that come with most kits you will have a T8 bulb, it is one tube and it is fat around, don't get T5 as those won't fit. So with live plants you also need fertilizers to keep the tank going on track and keep growth steady. Seachem Flourish is great for micro nutrients, then you should have a source of Potassium, Seachem Flourish Potassium is great as well. Those two I would view as manditory. Another one you may want to look into is iron. Plants like rotala, ludwigia, and those other reddish plants will either turn red or maintain a nice healthy red color. This makes great contrasts. Also, some plants are root feeders, like swords, crypts, vals, they don't require it, but if you want them to grow faster and healthier you could get Seachem Root Tabs. This provides most nutrients right at their roots and also encourages root growth from these plants. All of these can be found on Amazon and would most likely be cheaper going through Amazon as you also get free super saver shipping.
If you have any questions you can always private message me and I can help you.
15 Gallon NPT
1g no tech bowl in the making
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Summary: Our goal is to build an energy efficient LED spotlight system capable of tracking moving stage actors without being manually pointed by a person.
System Design: The image above shows our overall system design. Cameras or other sensors are used to track the stage actor or potentially an infrared beacon worn by the actor. This information is fed to a central controller which allows the user to control what the light is tracking and other lighting parameters such as brightness. This controller may also interface with commercial lighting boards over DMX and with a small control board we produce. The controller sends commands to the actuation unit which points the light itself or a pointing mirror. The light will utilize new high brightness LED arrays to provide the equivalent of a 1Kw light for much less power and allowing for remote control.
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“Any panel discussion on LA transport which manages to invoke both Reyner Banham and the Batmobile deserves to be taken seriously.” Comment by David Axelrod, documentary filmmaker.
More than 500 people came to KCRW’s Reinventing the Wheel at the Helms Bakery District on Sunday, May 18.
Informally subtitled “Mobility Becomes Eclectic,” the event brought together a wide cross-section of Angelenos, from bicycle activists (like Orange 20‘s TJ Flexer with JJ Hoffman and Erik Ali from LA County Bicycle Coalition, above) to frustrated car-drivers ready to contemplate alternative transit options. Though far from comprehensive, we hope it got people’s wheels turning about what’s possible in a region shaped by its mobility. What follows is a brief summary of what was seen, said — and left unanswered. . .
“Seems you are preaching to the choir here. What to do about the aggressive drivers when you’re on your bike? Oy! And the texting!” (Question from an audience member.)
Despite huge improvements in bicycle infrastructure, the vast majority of Angelenos still commute by car, mostly alone, so the goal of the afternoon was simple: get people out of their transit silos, heed KCRW Traffic Queen Kajon Cermak‘s reminder that “we are all in this together” and consider what guest speaker Michael Lejeune, Creative Director for Metro (below, holding mic), described as the “toolkit” of travel options available to Angelenos that could get them out of gridlock right now. Kajon (above, right) also exhorted drivers in the audience to thank cyclists, not get mad at them, on the grounds that every bike on the road is one less car.
“How can you discuss gridlock without discussing density?” (Question from an audience member.)
Shoe Leather The Answer for Mobility
The starting point for the panel discussion was that car-based mobility used to define Los Angeles, its design, architecture, land-use and its much-marketed image of personal freedom. Craig Hodgetts (seated right of Lejeune), an architect who is heading up at UCLA Architecture and Urban Design school “suprastudio” on the Hyperloop, recalled first visiting Los Angeles in the 1960s and driving around a completely horizontal city, in a convertible of course, in which Tiny Naylor’s was a tall building and Rodeo Drive represented a hint at a more pedestrian future.
The desirability of the LA lifestyle has of course spawned the opposite of that freedom: gridlock, an unsustainable urban model and a frustration with the driving that for many was a source of pleasure. So when the panelists were asked at the end what fantasy modes of transit they would most like to see made real, Craig said simply, “shoe leather.” His point: LA has decentralized and densified into tighter, walking communities and that is a good thing for mobility and for urban life.
“How can we frame public transportation in a manner to edge aside the L.A. mythology of the car and the freedom of individualism it represents?” (Question from an audience member.)
LA Design Focus
Since the event was also an extension of DnA, it considered transit from the vantage point of design with a specific focus on LA-based companies and individuals, who are building on the region’s legacy of amazing vehicle design; they included Art Center College of Design students David Day Lee, Retro Poblano, Russell Singer, Ravi Patel, Ali Kaldirim, Calvin Ku and Garrett DeBry (on his foldaway scooter, above; see description of other students projects at end of page) and Juicer creator David Twomey, who is literally hand-building electric motorcycles, inspired by the motorcycles of the 1920s, in his downtown garage (below).
“I wanted to use Metro to come here from the Valley today. However, it would have taken 3 plus hours. So I was discouraged. It took 40 minutes by car. How soon do you think it will be before one can get to the westside/beach from the Valley in say one hour?” (Question from an audience member.)
The exhibits gave a taste of the range of options, from commuter friendly, LA-made bicycles (Linus) and eBikes (Pedego, Juicer, Gabe Wartofsky’s Conscious Commuter prototype and IZIP, displayed by Steve Ryu and founder Larry Pizzi, below) to tomorrow’s vehicles conceived by the students at Art Center College of Design. eBikes, long considered a laughable alternative to regular bikes, were recently declared by Core 20’s TJ Flexer, a dealer in IZIP eBikes and a guest on this DnA, to be the “missing link” in LA transportation, making the region more manageable for would-be cyclists daunted by LA’s distances and steep hills.
“Hollywood films during the 1960’s displayed an almost utopian mobility within the future metropolis including flying cars and monorails. Where do you think Los Angeles lost sight of the vision of the future and are there ways we will succeed in producing this utopian model? (Question from an audience member.)
Vintage Clean Energy Cars
Also on show, yesterday’s hybrid and electric cars, loaned by The Petersen Automotive Museum as evidence of the cleaner-energy thinking that was going on even at a time when guzzling diesel fuels was not yet a no-no (below, the 1960 Taylor-Dunn Trident, a battery electric car built by a California farmer).
“The mobility culture in L.A. seems to be changing quickly. Has ridership on Metro been increasing as the service is better advertised and the network expands?” (Question from an audience member.)
Is Automation the Future?
The panel also considered the future use of the roadways; fantasy vehicle designer Harald Belker (Minority Report, Anki video game) talked about how automated cars will change LA’s traffic flow as well as our relationship to vehicles, due to their data collection and artificial intelligence. Belker and DnA’s Frances Anderton, both commuter cyclists who live near bike-unfriendly Lincoln Boulevard, discussed whether dedicated bike lanes like those planned for Figueroa Blvd in downtown, generally agreed by the panel to be the safest routes for bicycles, would in the future be integrated into automated car traffic. They wouldn’t, said Harald.
“Personal computers, servers, smartphones all fail on a regular basis and are vulnerable, especially if connected to other devices. What happens when your self-driving car or bus fails at 70 mph?” (Question from an audience member.)
Even Car Companies Rethinking “Mobility”
Geoff Wardle, longtime car designer who directs Advanced Mobility Research at Art Center College of Design, talked about the massive change in “mobility” thinking. Even car companies, he said, are considering transit as a total system of vehicles and related infrastructure, that considers the journey of a person from when they leave the house in the morning to arriving at their destination, using a mixture of transit “modes.” As evidence of the auto industry’s burgeoning embrace of both energy efficiency and other modes of transit, Ford has created the new solar-powered Solar C-Max car, displayed at Helms, and has also backed the Ford-Pedego eBike.
“Walking, riding a bike and taking public transit is a better social experience than driving. It’s also healthier for our bodies and the planet. Why is less money invested in active transportation than in car infrastructure and freeways? – Meghan Sahli Wells Culver City Mayor
Cars On Steroids Not The Answer
Wardle pointed out that one of the biggest problems with the way people use cars is driving ones that are far too heavy and large for a solo commute, guzzling energy and space. Why does a lone person drive to work in a car built for a family, or for moving heavy goods? Illustrative of smaller alternatives, Toyota’s iQev car, an electric car so tiny that it cannot be sold yet in the US, was displayed — in the corridor of the Helms garage to emphasize its petiteness (above). Wardle also spoke about an integral cog in the wheel of future transportation: the burgeoning car and bike sharing services, that he sees evolving and becoming more automated in the future.
“It is not ‘freedom’ to be clogged in traffic.” (Statement from an audience member.)
Boldface Transit Folks
We were thrilled to have present in the audience passionate bicyclists as well as many Angelenos who live, dream and breathe transportation: Kati Rubinyi, editor of the book Car 2035, Dezso Molnar, inventor of flying machines; the visionary “Urban Mobility” designer Dan Sturges, Rachel Kesting with the High Speed Rail Authority, Leslie Kendall, curator at the Petersen Automotive Museum; Tony Jusay with Metro, John Gobis and Melissa Pattavina with LADOT and Marissa Spinella of the LA County Bicycle Coalition, sharing information, transit and bicycle maps.
LADOT also created a wall of designs for TAP cards (above), that resulted from a recent competition and are part of ongoing efforts to entice people to try, just try, taking public transit. And keeping the place jumping, KCRW’s very own Aaron Byrd, above. All this took place in a space decked out for the occasion by our hosts Angela Anthony and Wally Marks of the Helms Bakery District, and managed by KCRW’s events team that included Abbey Londer, Taryn Olsen and Pam Buchignani, shown from left, below.
“When can we expect to get Wifi on the train?” (Question from an audience member.)
Our event took place in a thematically apt but baking hot and resonant garage; we touched the mere surface of many topics and transit designs that could each have warranted an entire panel or a more extensive exhibit. We asked for questions from the audience and received many great ones that we did not have time to ask the panelists (some are printed on this page, in italics).
Attendees asked about the safety of automated cars, they commented on the inherent lack of freedom of a car; they asked about the status of high speed rail and biking infrastructure; they pinned the gridlock on density, questioned the safety of bicycle riding and asked about laws and logistics relating to the different modes of transit.
“I particularly liked Michael Lejeune’s suggestion that one really needs a whole bag of tricks to navigate Los Angeles, the simple realization that the new BMW in your driveway may not be the best way to get to Disney Hall on a Friday afternoon when the Red Line station is just down the street.” Comment by David Axelrod, documentary filmmaker who attended the event.
Making a Tiny Dent in Car Culture?
So while we only scratched the surface of transportation, displeasing some transit experts and those who had hoped the event would be more aggressively anti-car, we came away with the sense that “Mobility” had started a conversation, or at minimum brought divergent commuters under one roof for a taster of ways in which they might regain a sense of personal mobility.
If even one attendee gets out of his or her car and tries the light-rail or tests an eBike as a result of the Helms event, DnA will feel it made a tiny dent in the region’s gridlock.
Find interviews with Michael Lejeune, Harald Belker, Craig Hodgetts, TJ Flexer, the founders of Pedego as well as our ongoing series on Becoming A Biker, in our Mobility programming, here.
All photographs on this page are by Jon McKenzie; if you see yourself in any of them, send us your name. The italicized questions and statements came from audience members; if any came from you, please write us so we can add the credit.
Following are descriptions of the “Mobility” Projects by Art Center College Transportation Design students:
David Day Lee
Project 1: E-Flat, a new eco-system for local mobility using emerging technologies which encourage socialized manufacturing (above). An electric, vertical substructure (rather than the usual horizontal floor platform), the vehicle can be configured according to user preferences, region and sequentially as financing permits.
Raul-David “Retro” Poblano
Automated shuttle-bus; a pilot project intended to link the South and Hillside campuses of Art Center College of Design. Based on a battery-electric platform, the vehicle’s body can be built locally from flat sheets of material, which are then folded into shape by a technique known as Industrial Origami. The project aims to provide a ubiquitous form of transport without the enormous tooling investments normally associated with shuttle buses.
A Personal Transit Vehicle Concept, an electric folding leaning cargo trike (above, folded; near top of page, unfolded.) A three-wheel, battery- electric, personal mobility device, which allows the high-energy efficiency and exhilaration of a motorcycle without the danger. It folds when parked so that it takes up less space when not in use and provides two riding positions; a low rider for the open road and a higher seat position for urban traffic situations.
A shared transit system adapted to Los Angeles from the Dolmus system favored in his home country of Turkey and many other middle-eastern and African countries. Using a typical shuttle bus, drivers of the vehicles are able to personalize pick-up and drop-off points while keeping the vehicle busy at a low cost. An alternative future for the L.A. taxi industry.
Ali Kaldirim/Cody Casale/Tejesh Goregaonkar
A taxi specifically designed for New York but appropriate as well for L.A. Inclusively designed to allow easy access for users of wheelchairs, passengers sit in the front of the vehicle behind a panoramic, heat-filtering windshield, which allows a spectacular view of Manhattan’s vertical sky-line. The driver sits behind and above the passengers resulting in a commanding view of the road ahead.
Calvin Ku/Di Bao/Ravi Patel
Multi-autonomous car project supported by a mobile application created by Ravi Patel.
Motorcycle designed to increase safety.
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Fuchsia 🎨 RGB Color Code: #FF00FF
The hexadecimal RGB code of Fuchsia color is #FF00FF. This code is composed of a hexadecimal FF red (255/256), a 00 green (0/256) and a FF blue component (255/256). The decimal RGB color code is rgb(255,0,255). Closest WebSafe color: Fuchsia (#FF00FF)
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Click and Copy the codes below for quick use.
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Fuchsia on Wikipedia
seeds. Fuchsia abrupta Fuchsia ampliata Fuchsia andrei Fuchsia aquaviridis Fuchsia austromontana Fuchsia ayavacensis Fuchsia boliviana Fuchsia campii
Fuchsia (/ˈfjuːʃə/, FEW-shə) is a vivid purplish red color, named after the color of the flower of the fuchsia plant, which was named by a French botanist
Fuchsia is an open-source capability-based operating system developed by Google. In contrast to Google's Linux based operating systems such as Chrome
Fuchsia is a plant species in the genus Fuchsia. Fuchsia may also refer to: Fuchsia (color), a reddish-purple color Fuchsia (operating system), an operating
Fuchsia excorticata, commonly known as tree fuchsia, New Zealand fuchsia and by its Māori name kōtukutuku, is a New Zealand native tree belonging to the
Fuchsia magellanica, commonly known as the hummingbird fuchsia or hardy fuchsia, is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family Onagraceae
Chambers Nicolson and George Maule. The web color magenta is also called fuchsia. Magenta is an extra-spectral color, meaning that it is not a hue associated
Fuchsia Dunlop is an English writer and cook who specialises in Chinese cuisine, especially that of Sichuan. She is the author of five books, including
Fuchsia paniculata is a plant of the genus Fuchsia native to Central America. It belongs to the section Schufia and is most closely related to Fuchsia
directed, and executive-produced an unreleased short comedy film called A Fuchsia Elephant. The plot revolves around Agron's character, Charlotte Hill, who
Use the palette to pick a color or the sliders to set the RGB, HSV, CMYK components. Search for a color by its name in the list containing more than 2000 names.
There are many ways to mix/generate a color. Computer screens display the required color mixing tiny red, green and blue lights (RGB). Turning off all three components results in a black pixel, while if all components are lit up on full brightness that results a white light.
In print we use cyan, yellow, magenta and black (CMYK) inks because usually we print on a white paper. In this case the lack of the ink will result white paper, and we get a dark shade if more colors are mixed together. We can also define a color by hue, saturation and value (HSV).
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A Weekly Q&A Column About Professionalism, Etiquette and Problems in the Workplace
by Sue Morem
The Importance of Socializing with Coworkers
Dear Sue: I am a teacher in an adult school. Although it is
written in the student handbook that no food is to be consumed in the
classroom, I have allowed my students to eat in my classroom during a
break or at lunchtime and I have done the same. I know of several other
teachers who allow this also.
The other day when my boss came in to my classroom during a break
period he saw me eating a sandwich. He also noticed many of the students
eating too. Later that day he informed me I was not to eat in class any
longer. I agreed. He then told me that I was to eat my lunch with the
other employees in the office break room and that I was also supposed to
come up to the office and mingle at break times.
It's not that I donít like my fellow co-workers. I just have a
stressful job, and time alone for a meal in my classroom is wonderful, and
relaxing. I prefer time alone during a break and it is just what I need to
complete my day. I think his requests are out of line. What if I choose to
eat alone, and perhaps even off campus? I donít feel it should matter to
my boss where I eat my lunch or with whom. What do you think? Do you have
Sue Says: I agree with you that your boss should not tell you
who you can eat with, and unless you are required to stay in the building
during lunch, you should be free to choose to eat your lunch wherever you
want. However, if the school prohibits eating in the classroom for both
teachers and students, then you should not be eating in the classroom.
Theoretically, since you have a break room you can eat in, you should be
eating there and most likely the majority of the other teachers do. I am
sure there are others like you who either prefer time alone or use their
lunch time to get other things done and they probably doóI donít see
anything wrong with that.
You need to talk to your boss. The first thing you should do is
apologize for allowing your students to eat in the classroom. This is
something you knew was not permitted, but you allowed it anyway. Express
your regret and assure your boss it wonít happen again. Then ask him if
the same rules apply to teachers. Explain the reasons you prefer to eat in
the classroom and why time alone is necessary for you and how you feel it
impacts your job performance.
There is a good chance your boss doesnít really care where you eat or
with whom, but does not want you eating in the classroom. Perhaps he was
just letting you know that there is a place (the break room) specially
designed for you to eat and take your breaks, and that you should go
there, not that you must go there. However, you should ask for
Assuming you have more freedom than your boss made it sound you do, my
recommendation is that you vary your routine and make an attempt to eat
and take breaks in the break room every now and then. You can still spend
time alone the majority of your break time by yourself, but if you do it
all the time you risk appearing uninterested in others and unapproachable.
When you show up once in awhile you will appear less distant and part of
the team. It may help if you explain to others the reason you frequently
choose to eat alone to ensure no one takes your absence personally or
thinks you donít enjoy their company.
I understand it may not be what you want to do, but it is important for
you to stay connected with others and not isolate yourself all the time.
Youíd be surprised how much you can benefit by mingling with the other
teachers. You will gain information, stay informed about what is going on
and may even gain insight that will help you resolve some of the
challenges you face. Camaraderie with coworkers is an important and
beneficial aspect of any job. It may even be just what you need to relieve
some of the stress.
Sue Morem is a professional speaker, trainer and syndicated columnist. She
is author of the newly released
101 Tips for Graduates and
How to Gain the Professional Edge, Second Edition. You can contact her by email at
firstname.lastname@example.org or visit her web site at
Send Sue your questions by clicking here:
For more Ask Sue articles, click here.
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Locally Grown Produce
Today we're going to be politically incorrect again and point our skeptical eye at another sacred cow: Locally grown produce. Particularly in the United States, but in many other countries as well, one of the newest and fastest growing market segments is locally grown produce. The claims are that locally grown produce is less wasteful of fuel because it doesn't need to be delivered over long distances; it's fresher for the same reason; and it supports a small local organic farmer instead of an immoral megacorporation that sources food from cheap overseas producers.
I discussed one of these claims, about local delivery burning less fuel, in a May 2009 entry on SkepticBlog.org. It must have been pretty inflammatory, because it generated a huge number of comments. Most of them followed this pattern: The commenter begrudgingly agreed with the mathematics of the delivery question, but then claimed that I missed the point completely because the real reason to like locally grown produce has nothing to do with a low carbon footprint of minimal delivery miles. I'm not sure I buy that — virtually everyone I've ever asked says that's what locally grown is all about — but hey, I'm fair, we'll give them all a voice here.
First, let's give a brief overview of the mathematics of local delivery. Think of the traveling salesman problem. This is where you speckle a map with all sorts of random locations. The traveling salesman's problem is to find the shortest possible driving route, called a tour, that visits each of the locations. It's among the most computationally difficult problems in mathematics. But there's a cool piece of free software by Michael LaLena that finds one efficient solution using a genetic algorithm. Try to stump it with a pattern of hundreds of dots that you think will be hard to connect, and the software blows your mind with a surprisingly simple tour that visits all the locations.
Many years ago I did some consulting for a company that was then called Henry's Marketplace, a produce retailer built on the founding principles of locally grown food. Henry's had evolved from a single family fruit stand into a chain of stores throughout southern California and Arizona that sold produce from small, local farmers. Part of what I helped them with was the management of product at distribution centers. This sparked a question: I had assumed that their "locally grown produce" model meant that they used no distribution centers. What followed was a fascinating lesson where I learned part of the economics of locally grown produce.
In their early days, they did indeed follow a true farmers' market model. Farmers would either deliver their product directly to the store, or they would send a truck out to each farmer. As they added store locations, they continued practicing direct delivery between farmer and store. Adding a store in a new town meant finding a new local farmer for each type of produce in that town. Usually this was impossible: Customers don't live in farming areas. Farms are usually located between towns. So Henry's ended up sending a number of trucks from different stores to the same farm. Soon, Henry's found that the model of minimal driving distance between each farm and each store resulted in a rat's nest of redundant driving routes crisscrossing everywhere. What was intended to be efficient, local, and friendly, turned out to be not just inefficient, but grossly inefficient. Henry's was burning huge amounts of diesel that they didn't need to burn. So, they began combining routes. This meant fewer, larger trucks, and less diesel burned. They experimented with a distribution center to serve some of their closely clustered stores. The distribution center added a certain amount of time and labor to the process, but it still accomplished same-day morning delivery from farm to store, and cut down on mileage tremendously. Henry's added larger distribution centers, and realized even better efficiency. Today their model of distributing locally grown produce, on the same day it comes from the farm, is hardly distinguishable from the model of any large retailer.
Compare the traveling salesman's simplified tour to a tangle of crisscrossing bicycle spokes, and the inefficiency of direct delivery between farm and store becomes acutely clear. If we want to minimize the carbon footprint of the entire food cycle, eliminating direct delivery is the easiest place to make the biggest gains. So, right off the bat, the main reason most people prefer locally grown produce is shot down, and shot down in big flames. But let's turn to the SkepticBlog commenters and see what people had to say.
As did a number of readers, Ian pointed out that you have to consider the total price. Not just the cost of distribution, but also the cost of the retailer's wholesale purchase. Total them all up, and in some cases it might be cheaper to buy from ridiculously far away:
This was underscored by another poster, "Old White Guy":
This suggests that it some cases, huge container-sized purchases might still be cheaper for the large retailer, even though their delivery produces a lot of wasteful emissions, and their production might be with some god-awful third-world high-pollution child-labor dogs-and-cats-living-together environmental disaster. That might be true in some cases, but those would be the exception, not the rule. Most of the time, produce is cheaper from those countries because the native growing conditions are much better for that particular crop. Tomatoes flourish in Spain but require heated greenhouses in the United Kingdom, and so the overall energy efficiency of growing them in Spain and transporting them overseas to the UK is actually better.
A number of people who disagreed with my article repeatedly referenced Michael Pollan's book The Omnivore's Dilemma. Pollan devotes one of the book's four sections to the practices of holistic cattle farmer Joel Salatin. One of Salatin's rules is that, in the interest of a minimum carbon footprint, he won't ship his beef at all; customers have to drive to him to pick it up. While I applaud Salatin for having the right idea and the right motivations, I don't believe he thought through this particular point very critically. Salatin should instead design practices that more directly address his desire: He should allow only shipments that use a minimum amount of fuel per pound of beef delivered. Instead, he adopts a rule that might put hundreds of cars and vans on the road, each delivering only a few pounds of beef. Salatin's solution is emotionally satisfying and makes for a fine sound bite, but its underlying science is flawed and counterproductive to his stated goals.
The elephant in the room on Joel Salatin's farm is that his near-total self-sufficiency methods require an outrageous 550 acres to support only 100 head of cattle and a herd of pigs, plus some turkeys and chickens. Most of the acres are used to grow the feed and raw materials the animals require. I didn't find any valid defense of this, and Pollan's book simply avoids the issue. Typically, pasture-fed cows require half an acre each, so Salatin is using about ten times as much land as he should [Correction: This is true only in places with the best conditions. 550 acres could support anywhere between zero and 1,000 head of cattle, depending on where it is. —BD]. Such wasteful land usage might work well in the case of a high-end boutique retailer like Joel Salatin, but it's clearly well beyond the limits of practicality for the world's real food needs.
The overall picture is often a lot more complicated than simply "locally grown". Let's say you want sheep or dairy products, and you live in New York. Where are those products going to come from? Certainly not from anywhere local. If you get them from a state or two away, which is about as local as possible, what went into their production? A lot of feed, for one thing. But spin the globe and look at New Zealand. New Zealand has the world's most efficient sheep and dairy industries, and one big reason is their climate and conditions that allow year-round grazing. According to the New York Times:
And yet many of the same people who are so vocal about a minimum carbon footprint consider this massive net energy savings to be immoral because it includes overseas transport. Why? Is it a geopolitical preference? Is it a matter of supporting farms from your own country instead of sending money overseas? OK, fine, that's an absolutely valid point of view. But if your true motivations are political, don't greenwash them and claim that you're really interested in environmental science.
If it's support for small business, if you'd rather support someone like Joel Salatin than a megacorporation like Wal-Mart, that's also an absolutely valid point of view. Just call it what it is instead of greenwashing it and claiming environmental awareness. To get the premium boutique experience, Salatin's customers burn way more gas per pound of beef delivered than do Wal-Mart's container ships from New Zealand. If you have other reasons to object to Wal-Mart's New Zealand beef, fantastic; just be aware of what your objections really are. It's more intellectually honest, it's more insightful, you'll learn more, and you're not being disingenuous.
Don't get me wrong, I love farmers' markets. We go to our local one sometimes and it's a fun family event for us. We love the giant, wonderful tomatoes and strawberries that you can't get at the supermarket. But I understand that farmers' markets are more of a community experience than an efficient (or "green") way to buy food. The real reasons to enjoy your farmers' market have nothing to do with it being somehow magically environmentally friendly. Too often, environmentalists are satisfied with the mere appearance and accoutrements of environmentalism, without regard for the underlying facts. Apply some mathematics and some economics, and you'll find that, more often than not, a smaller environmental footprint is the natural result of improved efficiency.
Cite this article:
©2022 Skeptoid Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Members get a snapshot view of new Long Now content with easy access to all their member benefits.
Published quarterly, the member newsletter gives in-depth and behind the scenes updates on Long Now's projects.
Special updates on the 10,000 Year Clock project are posted on the members only Clock Blog.
Filmed on Wednesday November 12, 02014
Kevin Kelly was the founding editor of Wired magazine and serves on the board of The Long Now Foundation. His books include Out of Control, What Technology Wants, Cool Tools and The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 Technological Forces That Will Shape Our Future.
What comes after the Internet? What is bigger than the web? What will produce more wealth than all the startups to date? The answer is a planetary super-organism comprised of 4 billion mobile phones, 80 quintillion transistor chips, a million miles of fiber optic cables, and 6 billion human minds all wired together. The whole thing acts like a single organism, with its own behavior and character -- but at a scale we have little experience with.
This is more than just a metaphor. Kelly takes the idea of a global super-organism seriously by describing what we know about it so far, how it is growing, where its boundaries are, and what it will mean for us as individuals and collectively. Both the smallest one-person enterprises today, and the largest mega-corporations on Earth, will have to learn to how this Technium operates, and how to exploit it.
When Kevin Kelly looked up the definition of “superorganism” on Wikipedia, he found this: “A collection of agents which can act in concert to produce phenomena governed by the collective.” The source cited was Kevin Kelly, in his 01994 book, Out of Control. His 02014 perspective is that humanity has come to dwell in a superorganism of our own making on which our lives now depend.
The technological numbers keep powering up and connecting with each other. Their aggregate is becoming formidable, rich with emergent behavior, and yet it is still so new to us that it remains unnamed and scarcely considered.
Kelly clicked through some current tallies: one quintillion transistors; fifty-five trillion links; one hundred billion web clicks per day; one thousand communication satellites. Only a quarter of all the energy we use goes to humans; the rest drives Earth’s “very large machine.” Kelly calls it “the Technium” and spelled out what it is not. Not H.G. Wells’ “World Brain,” which was only a vision of what the Web now is. Not Teilhard de Chardin’s “Noosphere,” which was only humanity’s collective consciousness. Not “the Singularity,” which anticipates a technological event horizon that Kelly says will never occur as an event—”the Singularity will always be near.”
The Technium may best be considered a new organism with which we are symbiotic, as we are symbiotic with the aggregate of Earth’s life, sometimes called “Gaia.” There are pace differences, with Gaia slow, humanity faster, and the Technium really fast. They are not replacing each other but building on each other, and the meta-organism of their combining is so far nameless. Kelly shrugged, “Call it ‘Holos.’ Here are five frontiers I think that Holos implies for us…”
1) Big math of “zillionics” ---beyond yotta (10 to the 24th) to, some say, “lotta” and “hella.” 2) New economics of the massive one-big-market, capable of surprise flash crashes and imperceptible tectonic shifts. 3) New biology of our superorganism with its own large phobias, compulsions, and oscillations. 4) New minds, which will emerge from a proliferation of auto-enhancing AI’s that augment rather than replace human intelligence. 5) New governance. One world government is inevitable. Some of it will be non-democratic—”I don’t get to vote who’s on the World Bank.“ To deal with planet-scale issues like geoengineering and climate change, “we will have to work through the recursive dilemma of who decides who decides?” We have no rules for cyberwar yet. We have no backup to the Internet yet, and it needs an immune system.
There is lots to work out, but lots to work it out with, and inventiveness abounds and converges. “We are,” Kelly said, “at just the beginning of the beginning.”--Stewart Brand
Condensed ideas about long-term thinking summarized by Stewart Brand
(with Kevin Kelly, Alexander Rose and Paul Saffo) and a foreword by Brian Eno.
We would also like to recognize George Cowan (01920 - 02012) for being the first to sponsor this series.Would you like to be a featured Sponsor?
Seminars About Long-term Thinking is made possible through the generous support of The Long Now Membership and our Seminar Sponsors. We offer $5,000 and $15,000 annual Sponsorships, both of which entitle the sponsor and a guest to reserved seating at all Long Now seminars and special events. In addition, we invite $15,000 Sponsors to attend dinner with the speaker after each Seminar, and $5,000 Sponsors may choose to attend any four dinners during the sponsored year. For more information about donations and Seminar Sponsorship, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org. We are a public 501(c)(3) non-profit, and donations to us are always tax deductible.
The Long Now Foundation • Fostering Long-term Responsibility • est. 01996 Top of Page
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Some 1,200 Alabama National Guard soldiers and airmen will lose 20 percent of their pay over the next three months due to furloughs brought about by sequestration cutbacks.
According to AP reports, the National Guard included full-time military technicians to the furlough list in May, shortly after Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel announced 11 days of furlough for civilian DOD workers. The furloughs, which begin July 8, will last through the end of the fiscal year as part of the Pentagon's efforts to cut $37 billion from its budget this year.
Capt. Andrew Richardson, Public Affairs Specialists with the Alabama National Guard, said the furloughs translate to $2.42 million in lost wages in the state.
"The economic impact of furloughing Alabama National Guard federal employees will adversely affect our entire state," he said. "This will affect not only state income taxes, but sales taxes, and, most importantly, family budgets in more than 1,000 Alabama households. All services and facilities will be affected to some degree, to include reduced services, longer wait times, and fewer personnel available to provide necessary services."
The furloughs include full-time military technicians, dual-rolled uniformed civilian workers who perform a range of duties such as repairing helicopters and handling pay and personnel matters. According to National Guard statistics, there are some 53,000 military technicians nationwide, but it's not yet clear how many of those will be furloughed.
Richardson said guard officials are working to mitigate the effects of the furloughs and to minimize the impact to readiness, but echoed Pentagon warnings that all cuts come with a cost.
"Our soldiers and airmen will continue to meet emerging challenges and ensure the security of our state, nation and communities. Enduring additional cuts will impact readiness and compromise the ability of an already lean force to respond to crises... affecting Alabama lives, property and critical infrastructure."
Bill before Congress to exempt military technicians from furlough
In March, Rep. Steven Palazzo, R-Miss., the only enlisted member of the National Guard serving in Congress, introduced an amendment to the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act that would provide for military technicians under military personnel accounts, exempting them from furloughs.
"Our nation's military technicians are vital in maintaining our military readiness at home and abroad. Under sequestration they are the only uniformed military personnel who could face the threat of being furloughed. While we must continue working to replace the devastating sequester cuts for all affected, this legislation will ensure that our hardworking military technicians are protected from possible furloughs and pay cuts," Palazzo said in a written statement after the amendment was proposed.
The amendment has 41 co-sponsors, none from Alabama. The bill is currently in committee.
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Between raw and cooked II: Are? DTDs are just for validation
Didier PH Martin
martind at netfolder.com
Thu Apr 1 17:59:22 BST 1999
If DTDs *were* only for validation there would be no issue here. However
DTDs provide additional functionality beyond validation, namely default
attributes and entities. The problem exists in that XML parsers can *choose*
whether or not to validate and in so doing the <em>information content</em>
of the XML document is altered.
Validation is optional. Says so. Given this, the question becomes: ought
parsers be allowed to expand entities and default attributes with validation
turned off? What problem does this create?
Perhaps the XML spec should properly specify that:
*if* a DOCTYPE declaration is present which specifies a DTD then
the document must be validated else the parser must generate an error.
(DOCTYPE declarations would remain optional).
In this way document authors would be able to properly specify
Thanks for bringing back the issue at its source: the spec. According to the
spec nothing is said about how to interpret a document. It just say how a
document is to formatted but not how it is to be interpreted. Now that real
stuff is going out we see that holes are in the architecture. The holes
being: what do we do with this? this question is dependent on type of
b) ERP front ends and back ends
d) any other stuff I am not think of right now
there is no specs on how you do interpret or parse a document in the context
of a browser. Your suggestion is a constructive one. You propose that the
next spec version reduces the ambiguity on the parsing stage by including in
the specs the parsing rule. the specs should also reduces the ambiguity with
external references, so, to speak, to explicitly state if a parser should
consider the presence of a DTD as a signal to validate the document.
Actually it is leaved at the mercy of the implementer and no specifications
are available to dictate the rules of conduct.
Thanks Jonathan for a constructive comment. Any other constructive opinion?
I mean here, any suggestions concerning the rules or more specifically the
Didier PH Martin
mailto:martind at netfolder.com
xml-dev: A list for W3C XML Developers. To post, mailto:xml-dev at ic.ac.uk
Archived as: http://www.lists.ic.ac.uk/hypermail/xml-dev/ and on CD-ROM/ISBN 981-02-3594-1
To (un)subscribe, mailto:majordomo at ic.ac.uk the following message;
To subscribe to the digests, mailto:majordomo at ic.ac.uk the following message;
List coordinator, Henry Rzepa (mailto:rzepa at ic.ac.uk)
More information about the Xml-dev
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October is National Cyber Security Awareness Month, powered by the National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA), and the theme of Week 3 is Online Safety for Business/Industry. According to StaySafeOnline.org, smaller businesses have become bigger targets for cybercriminals due to the known lack of resources and security defenses when compared to larger organizations. Every small and medium-sized business in Michigan should be aware of the risks and understand the IT security services available to help them offered by local Michigan hosting providers.
NCSA published a 2012 National Small Business Study in partnership with Symantec to study a sample of U.S. small and mid-sized businesses (SMBs) nationwide, and analyze their online and security behavior. Although 46 percent of respondents reported a safe and trusted Internet was very critical to their business’s success, a nearly identical 47 percent think there would be no impact on their business if they were to suffer a data breach, stating that a breach would be viewed as an isolated incident. However, Symantec’s 2011 SMB Disaster Preparedness Survey reports that the average cost of downtime for an SMB is $12,500 per day. Read more in 2011 SMBs & Disaster Recovery in the Cloud.
Any company that handles credit cardholder data must abide by PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards) – our Technical Security services list each tool that is required to meet compliance standards. Staff training is also key for data security – according to the Symantec report, 68 percent of respondents do not provide employee training on how to keep computers secure.
When it comes to access controls, 75 percent of SMBs don’t use multifactor/strong/two-factor authentication, and only 14 percent of SMBs require the use of two-factor authentication for access to any of their networks. Seventy-two percent of SMBs also don’t have policies or guidelines for how employees use mobile or remote devices.
Lack of funds is the reason behind why 29 percent of the companies don’t invest in security tools, whereas 10 percent don’t believe investing in these tools will yield return. However, 24 percent report they would put their extra money toward backup if they could.
These statistics show that SMBs may not have the resources or knowledge to put strong security controls in place in their organizations, but they can outsource their IT to a trusted third party if they can’t invest in their own staff. For Michigan small and medium-sized businesses, they can outsource their hosting and security services to a local Michigan data center operator and hosting partner to save on costs. Download our PCI Hosting and HIPAA Hosting white papers to get informed and make an educated hosting decision.
About National Cyber Security Awareness Month
Individuals, organizations, and communities throughout the United States are gearing up to promote National Cyber Security Awareness Month (NCSAM) and let others know that all of us have a role in protecting our digital lives. Tens of thousands of NCSAM participants across the country will be doing their part by posting safety and security tips on social networks, educating their customers and employees, engaging in traditional media, displaying posters, posting tips, holding events, and much more.
About the National Cyber Security Alliance
NCSA’s mission is to educate and therefore empower a digital society to use the Internet safely and securely at home, work, and school, protecting the technology individuals use, the networks they connect to, and our shared digital assets.
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Quote: Just walk beside me and be my friend. Albert Camus or summer camp song?
adsgarsonotoole at GMAIL.COM
Wed Nov 13 17:49:38 UTC 2013
The existentialist philosopher Albert Camus has improbably been
credited with a popular quotation about friendship. A writer at the
website "Tablet: A New Read on Jewish Life" stated that the quotation
appeared in a song that was heard at summer camps, but he did not
specify a date.
Article title: Did Camus Write a Jewish Summer Camp Song?
Article subtitle: Probably not, but the Huffington Post seems to think so
Author: Adam Chandler
Date: November 8, 2013
Chances are though, if you went to a Jewish summer camp, you’ve heard
the quote in song form, probably at a Havdallah ceremony or a really
intense campfire. The summer camp version of the song has one more
Don’t walk in front of me, I may not follow.
Don’t walk behind me, I may not lead.
Just walk beside me and be my friend
And together we will walk in the ways of Hashem.
Something makes me think this isn’t the work of Camus. But if it is, I
think it’s safe to ask summer camp for a refund.
Is some list member familiar with this song? Do you have any ideas
about the origin of the song or the time of its composition?
Below are two citations from 1971. In the first instance the words
were unattributed and in the second instance Camus was credited. The
context was secular.
[ref] 1971 December 2, Quincy Sun, Living Today by Dr. William F Knox
(Personal Counselor), Quote Page 11, Column 1, Quincy, Massachusetts.
(Internet Archive and Old Fulton)[/ref]
Another counselor handed me recently a great little thought...
"Don't walk in front of me...I may not follow.
Don't walk behind me, I may not lead.
Walk beside me...just be my friend."
Maybe that's what "being a father" is all about...just being a friend.
[ref] 1971 December 8, Trenton Evening Times, TODAY Is For Dropping
Back In: A Resident Center For Addicts by James Labig, Subsection: The
Discipline, Quote Page 49, Column 2, Trenton, New Jersey.
There are many signs throughout the center. One from Camus reads:
"Don't walk in front of me - I may not follow; don't walk behind - I
may not lead; walk beside me and just be my friend."
Here is a thematic precursor in 1910:
[ref] 1910, The Doctor's Christmas Eve by James Lane Allen, Quote Page
4, Macmillan Company, New York.[/ref]
Her bulging hips overreached the borders of the narrow path so that
the boy was crowded out upon the rough ground as he struggled forward
close beside her. She would not allow him to walk in front of her and
he disdained to walk behind.
"Then walk beside me or go back!" she had said to him, laughing carelessly.
The American Dialect Society - http://www.americandialect.org
More information about the Ads-l
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|January 3, 2012 to June 5, 2012|
|Nominee||Howard Dean||Hillary Clinton||Janet Napolitano|
|Home state||Vermont||New York||Arizona|
|States carried||41 + D.C.||7||2|
| Results of the 2012 Democratic Party primaries and caucuses|
Blue denotes a state won by Howard Dean.
Yellow denotes a state won by Hillary Clinton.
Orange denotes a state won by Janet Napolitano.
To Be Determined
The 2012 Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses is the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party will choose its nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 U.S. presidential election. There are 2,778 delegates, and a candidate must accumulate 1,390 delegate votes to win. The primary elections and caucuses will culminate in the 2012 Democratic National Convention held from September 3 through September 6, in Charlotte, North Carolina.
The primary contest began with a fairly wide field, and was the first presidential primary affected by a Supreme Court ruling that allowed unlimited fundraising for candidates through super PACs. Two candidates who ran in 2008, Senator Hillary Clinton of New York and former Congressman Dennis Kucinich of Ohio, and one candidate who ran in 2004, former governor and former DNC chairman Howard Dean of Vermont, also ran in 2012.
Dean took an early lead in polls with the support of much of the Democratic establishment, performing strongly in most polls and leading the field in fund-raising. However, his lead over the Democratic field has been precarious, due to the entry of Hillary Clinton, Mark Warner and Janet Napolitano. The field would split between anti-war candidates that wanted to withdraw U.S. forces from Afghanistan (Dean and Kucinich) and those in favour of continued presence (Clinton, Warner and Napolitano).
|Candidate||Most recent office held|
at the end of the primaries
|Former U.S. Governor,|
Surpassed by estimation
the 2,778 delegate votes
needed for a majority,
April 12, 2012.
April 10, 2012.
April 12, 2012. Named VP candidate,
August 21, 2012.
March 9, 2012.
May 14, 2012.
February 8, 2012.
June 22, 2012.
March 2, 2012.
March 26, 2012.
January 12, 2012.
May 7, 2012.
February 28, 2012.
February 30, 2012.
January 10, 2012.
March 21, 2012.
The beginning (2011)
Media speculation began almost immediately after the results of the 2008 presidential elections became known. In the 2010 midterm elections, the Democrats suffered a defeat in the House of Representatives while keeping the majority in the Senate. Early polls taken before anyone had announced a candidacy had shown Senator Hillary Clinton and Former Chairman of the Democratic Party Howard Dean as the most popular potential Democratic candidates. Nevertheless, the media speculated on several other candidates, including Barack Obama, the Democratic candidate in the 2008 election; former U.S. Senator Tom Daschle and Chairman of the Democratic Party Tim Kain.
Howard Dean was the first to formally announce his candidacy for the presidency, on April 23, 2011. This run would be his second attempt at the presidency. While having supported the troop surge in Afghanistan in 2009, he had by 2011 returned to his non-interventionist roots from his 2004 presidential campaign and challenged McCain on his refusal to put an arbitrary date of withdrawal from Afghanistan and his military operations in Yemen.
On May 21, 2011, Hillary Clinton joined the race on a platform similar to the one she ran on in 2008.
Early states (January to March)
|%||Can show a plurality of delegates|
- The numbers for delegates, states, and districts won in these tables include results from local conventions held in states which did not allocate their delegates at the precinct caucuses or primary election. These conventions were generally held on dates later than the table indicates.
Super Tuesday (March 6)
March to April
On April 8, Dean rolled out about forty superdelegate endorsements. Those endorsements, combined with the projected number of pledged delegates Dean would win in the Pennsylvania primary, put him well over the "magic number" of 2,778 early in the evening. All major news organizations had announced that Dean had clinched the Democratic nomination and Dean claimed the status of presumptive nominee in a speech in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Clinton conceded the nomination later that evening, saying that the party now should focus on defeating McCain. On April 10, Clinton endorsed Dean.
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Though common in informal communication, alot has never made its way into edited writing, and it’s generally considered a misspelling. In any type of serious writing, the two word spelling, a lot, is the safer choice. Even correctly spelled, however, the imprecise term has a colloquial ring, and it might sound out of place in, say, a school paper or an email to a client.
A lot is like any two-word phrase with the indefinite article (a) followed by a noun (lot). For instance, a cow, a cloud, and a burrito are similarly constructed phrases, but no one would write these acow, acloud, and aburrito. Why a lot is so often compounded into alot is an interesting linguistic mystery. It may have something to do with the existence of the unrelated adjective allot, or it could be because lot in this sense is not common outside this phrase (though the plural, lots, is also common in a nearly identical use).
The ngram below graphs the use of a lot and alot in a large number of texts published between 1900 and 2000. As you can see, alot (the red line) does not even register against a lot, suggesting that the one-word form does not pass through the editorial process.
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How big does return air vent need to be?
A typical supply vent is 4 by 10 to 12 inches and a typical return vent is 16 by 20 inches or larger. Houses often have two or more return collecting points, each with a filter, which join before re-entering the heating unit.
How do you size a return air grille?
In order to determine the size of the tonnage you have, simply divide 980 by 400 CFM per ton. Doing this for this space will yield a tonnage of 2.45. Always round up and we have a tonnage value of 2.5. A return air grill should be sized for an air speed of 300-500 FPM(feet per minute).
How many CFM do I need for a 4 ton unit?
1 ton of cooling is equal to 400 cubic feet of air per minute. 2 ton of cooling is 800 cfm and so on. So a 4 ton unit will have 1600 cubic feet of air passing through the system every minute.
What size return duct do I need for a 3 ton?
If the actual airflow is unknown, use 400 CFM for each ton of cooling. A 3-ton heat pump has approximately 1200 CFM of air flow.
How many CFM is a 2.5 ton unit?
For instance a 2.5 ton system (Approximately 400 CFM per ton) would require (2) 14” flexible return ducts or (1) very short flexible 18” duct to move the 1000 CFM required by the 2.5 ton system.
How many CFM can a 14 duct handle?
CFM Sizing Chart For Metal Round Ducts (50-2,000 CFM)
Duct Size (Inches) Metal Duct Airflow (CFM) 9 inches 240 CFM 10 inches 325 CFM 12 inches 525 CFM 14 inches 750 CFM
How many CFM is a ton of return?
Air quantities (cfm): 400 cfm per ton of cooling is needed for normal comfort applications, 500 cfm per ton of cooling for heat pump and high sensible heat applications, and 350 cfm per ton of cooling for high latent heat applications. Example: You determine a return grille pressure zone required 340 CFM of return.
How many CFM do I need for a 12×12 room?
The rule of thumb is that you need at least 1 CFM per square foot of room area.
How many CFM is a 3 ton?
350 to 400 CFM per ton of cooling is required for proper air conditioning system operation. For example, if you are checking a 3 ton system, the airflow required is between 1050 and 1200 CFM.
How many square feet does a 3 ton unit cover?
ZONE 1 ZONE 2 2 Tons 901 – 1200 sf 951 – 1250 sf 2.5 Tons 1201 – 1500 sf 1251 – 1550 sf 3 Tons 1501 – 1800 sf 1501 – 1850 sf 3.5 Tons 1801 – 2100 sf 1851 – 2150 sf
How many CFM do I need for 1000 square feet?
Heat and energy recovery ventilators
Total area of home (square feet) Continuous ventilation rate 1,000 square feet 50 CFM 2,000 square feet 100 CFM 3,000 square feet 150 CFM
What size should the return air grill be for a 5 ton AC unit?
What size air conditioner do I need for a 2000 square foot home?
If your home is 2000 square feet, you can calculate your HVAC needs the same as you would for a 1600 square foot home. Assuming one ton of cooling capacity can cool 400 square feet of your home, you’ll need about 5.0 tons of air conditioning capacity. Multiply this by 12,000 BTUs, and you’ll get 60,000 BTUs.
Can you have too much return air?
You really cannot have too much return air. Too little return air is a problem, but not too much. If you restrict the return air, it could cause problems with short-cycling of the furnace.
Can a return air duct be too big?
Can an air return be too big? No, an air return cannot be too big, except in extreme cases where a closed room is temporarily under negative air pressure. Return vents maintain air pressure, filter out debris, and are critical to the efficient operation of any HVAC system.
Do bedrooms need return air?
Does Every Room Need Air Return Grilles? While it is a myth that air return grilles are required in each and every room in the house, it is definitely necessary to have more than one of these grilles installed at strategic places in the house. The most important place to have these would be the bedroom.
What happens if return air is undersized?
If the return duct is too small, there are an inadequate number of return grilles or they are undersized, it can’t return enough air to recirculate back into the system. This poor airflow not only makes your system run longer than necessary to provide comfort, but increases your energy bill as well.
Can flex duct be used for return air?
Flex duct doesn’t come in an R12 version, so you will have to wrap it. Its fine to use for a return.
Should flex duct be pulled tight?
Flex duct should pulled tight to reduce inner air resistance. It should be supported with straps that are a minimum 1.5″ wide. The straps need to be spaced no further than 5 feet apart, but closer is better. Local codes or manufacturers instructions may specify shorter intervals.
Is flex duct better than hard duct?
If flexible ductwork is installed correctly, the airflow will be the same or better than a metal ductwork. It’s all in the installation. The advantage of metal ductwork is that you are taking less of a chance of the ductwork being installed wrong than with flexible ductwork.
For more information please see the list of What size return grill for 2.5 ton unit
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the heck did it come to this?
|I assess human actions, inaction and decisions through a
lens formed by
three core aspects of biologically evolved human psychology:
1. Humanity suffers from a pervasive sense of separation: self/other, us/them, body/mind, matter/spirit, humans/resources. This issue is very well addressed in Charles Eisenstein’s online book The Ascent of Humanity. I have concluded that this sense of separation is the inescapable Faustian price we have paid for the self-awareness granted by our neocortex.
2. Our brains evolved to favour immediate threats over distant ones. Immediate, visible threats merit a strong, emotional response; distant, abstract threats are ignored. This hyperbolic discount function is a good survival strategy out on the African veldt, but less so in the modern industrial world with its abstract and unseen threats -- our cleverness has far outrun our inbuilt caution.
3. Humans are not rational creatures, we are rationalizing creatures. We have a tendency to make most of our decisions at an unconscious level and dress them up with socially acceptable rationalizations only post–facto, after they emerge into our awareness fully-formed.
As far as I can tell, these are universal human traits that spring directly from the physical structure of the brain.
When I combine those three characteristics, I see a rather cautionary picture:
We appear to be creatures that will treat the entire world as a resource base for human use. We will ignore the consequences of the resulting actions until we are directly and personally affected, and we will accomplish this by reframing our decisions and actions as being manifestly reasonable. Even worse, we will resist mightily any attempt to shift our beliefs through the application of reason or the presentation of facts.
In short, we are a sentient species that is peculiarly unsuited to dealing with the results of its hypertrophied cleverness and is unable to respond preemptively to looming disaster.
These are general traits that we all seem to share to a greater or lesser extent. Some of us are particularly fortunate to have escaped the constraints of our discount function. Only a few of us are aware of our sense of separation, and even fewer work to overcome it. Almost none of us escape the effects of our rationalizing thought patterns.
As a result, the box we now find ourselves in, whether it’s the box of population, pollution, climate change, ecological degradation, resource depletion or hierarchic instability appears in large measure to have been biologically inevitable. This is why I have concluded that it’s largely a waste of energy to try and stop the onrushing trains, to avoid or reverse the consequences of our behaviour. Given the existence of our steep discount function, the mere fact that the threats are now widely recognized means that the trains are essentially on top of us.
Of course it’s not in human nature to sit idly by in the face of a threat. The future is rather unpredictable, and anything we can do to mitigate the effects of the damage we’ve caused is useful. However, I see quite a bit of evidence that points 1 and 3 are still widely in play, even among the ranks of the environmentally and ecologically aware.
One of the things I try to do when I come up with an absolutely great idea is to ask myself, “Is it really a great idea? Why do I think so? What am I getting out of this idea (like status, vindication, self-esteem, pride, etc.) that might be colouring my perception of it? Are there other ways of looking at the question?”
I think it would help if people were more self-critical about the ideas they propose, but given the argument I’ve already made, I have only limited hope for that.
March 31, 2009
© Copyright 2008, Paul Chefurka
This article may be reproduced in whole or in part for the purpose of research, education or other fair use, provided the nature and character of the work is maintained and credit is given to the author by the inclusion in the reproduction of his name and/or an electronic link to the article on this web site. The right of commercial reproduction is reserved.
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Java Enums, Web Servers, and Mock Objectsby chromatic
ONJava Newsletter for 04/24/2003
It's time yet again for another Java newsletter. It seems like just yesterday when the last one went out. If the days are running together for you too, step back, take a deep breath, and go for a nice walk. We'll be here when you get back.
For your reading pleasure, we present three articles this week:
If you've used other languages in the Algol family, you've probably come across enumerations as a fundamental data type. Lots of people lament Java's lack of enums--it's a popular feature request in the Bug Parade. Of course, like almost everything convenient, enumerations are just syntactic sugar and you can emulate them with existing constructs. John I. Moore, Jr., demonstrates the alternatives in Enums in Java (One More Time).
At its heart, HTTP is a pretty simple protocol. Open a socket, receive a connection, parse some headers, and send back other headers and some data. Web services, persistent connections, and virtual hosts get a little more complex, but serving files is easy. Popular author Budi Kurniawan explores Tomcat internals. In his Building a Java Web Server, he looks at exactly how to build a simple web server with Java.
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In the second excerpt from the new Java Extreme Programming Cookbook, Erik M. Burke and Brian M. Coyner demonstrate how to use mock objects effectively, first creating a mock event listener and next avoiding duplicate validation logic. Read more in Cooking with Java XP, Part 2.
Chris Adamson had a thought-provoking article this week. As you may remember, he's long considered the Java Media Framework rather useless, as Sun has gutted its support for interesting protocols. (Thank you, Fraunhofer.) His My Lost Streaming MP3 Article laments an open source project published just as Sun removed MP3 support from JMF. Ouch.
It's hard to fault Sun in this case. Licensing issues are nasty. Still, it's frustrating to write software that depends on a library that suddenly changes beneath you. Dramatic changes in core libraries and APIs can cause a lot of chaos. Before you reuse that software, it's worth asking, "Will this be around in the future?"
Until next week,
O'Reilly Network Technical Editor
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Gail Wright considered herself healthy. She had no idea she had a chronic liver disease. “I was at a routine check-up and my doctor said my liver enzymes were elevated. I was sent to a specialist but I wasn’t too worried. I didn’t have any symptoms.”
She soon learned she had Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), a rare, incurable liver disease, which can be fatal if untreated. PBC is more commonly diagnosed in women, usually between the ages of 40-60. Symptoms can include severe fatigue and itchiness. Wright has responded well to the typical treatment (Ursodeoxycholic acid) but 30 per cent of patients don’t respond well. For them, the autoimmune disease can have serious complications that may lead to a liver transplant. PBC is the second leading cause of liver transplant in Canada.
A team of scientists at the University of Calgary’s Cumming School of Medicine (CSM) discovered what could be a new option for these hard to treat patients. A drug usually prescribed for depression appears to effectively stop progression of PBC. Dr. Abdel Aziz Shaheen, MD, a gastroenterologist and epidemiologist, was researching the effect of depression on people with PBC and came upon an unexpected finding. While he was combing through the data, he found a sub-group of people with depression that were healthier than the others.
“At first, I thought I must have an error in my coding. As I began to look deeper I realized these patients were all taking the antidepressant mirtazapine, which seemed to be having a positive impact on their liver disease,” says Shaheen, an assistant professor in the departments of Community Health Sciences and Medicine and member of the CSM’s O’Brien Institute for Public Health. “You don’t expect to find people with a chronic illness and depression to be healthier than those patients who don’t have depression.”
Shaheen was eager to investigate further so he recruited colleagues from the Department of Psychiatry and basic scientists to study what might be happening inside the body that would lead to this result. Dr. Mark Swain, MD, a liver specialist, clinician scientist and member of the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases began looking at mouse models to learn how the antidepressant was affecting the liver.
“PBC slowly destroys the small bile ducts of the liver. Once damaged, the liver can “fill up” with materials the body is trying to excrete, damaging the liver and leading to permanent scarring,” says Swain, who is head of the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in the Department of Medicine, and holds the Cal Wenzel Family Foundation Chair in liver disease. “Mirtazapine has significant effects on the immune system which appear to be protective to the liver.”
“No one thought that an antidepressant could affect liver immunity,” says Swain. “This leads to an entire new line of inquiry, on how antidepressants may be used in the treatment of other chronic diseases.”
“This confirms how important collaboration is in the field of medicine. We are very lucky at the University of Calgary to be able to reach out to our colleagues in other institutes and departments to help solve mysteries to improve patient care,” says Shaheen. “I couldn’t have explained this finding alone.”
Source: Read Full Article
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California Air Resources Board (ARB), California Department of Conservation (DOC), California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), California Department of Parks and Recreation, California Department of Transportation, District 4 (DOT), California Department of Water Resources (DWR), California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), California Natural Resources Agency, California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region 2 (RWQCB), California State Lands Commission (SLC), Office of Historic Preservation, State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Water Quality, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bay Delta Region 3 (CDFW)
State Reviewing Agency Comments
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Other (Agricultural development and operation of ±15.9 acres of new...)
Agricultural Erosion Control Plan
Aesthetics, Agriculture and Forestry Resources, Air Quality, Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, Cumulative Effects, Drainage/Absorption, Flood Plain/Flooding, Geology/Soils, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Hazards & Hazardous Materials, Hydrology/Water Quality, Land Use/Planning, Noise, Population/Housing, Public Services, Transportation, Vegetation, Wetland/Riparian, Wildfire
Disclaimer: The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) accepts no responsibility for the content or accessibility of these documents.
To obtain an attachment in a different format, please contact the lead agency at the contact information listed above.
You may also contact the OPR via email at email@example.com or via phone at (916) 445-0613.
For more information, please visit OPR’s Accessibility Site.
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Magic Tree House
Junie B. Jones
What's a dreidel? Elmo wants to know! He finds out as he celebrates the first night of Hanukkah with a friend's family. He watches Gil, Susie, and their parents light the menorah and joins in as they...
Estie does not always like people. So when her grandmother reminds her to be a mensch, she'd rather not. She'd rather be a dog. Or a turtle. Or a seagull. Being a monkey can even make another kid laugh!...
A spirited picture-book tour of Israel takes readers to the Old City of Jerusalem and modern Tel Aviv, the desert and the sea, Roman ruins, the Biblical Zoo, a kibbutz, and much more. Lively, rhyming text...
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Creative Puns For Educated Minds "CREATIVE PUNS FOR "EDUCATED MINDS" 1. The roundest knight at King Arthur's round table was Sir Cumference. He acquired his size from too much pi. 2. I thought I saw an eye doctor on an Alaskan island, but it turned out to be an optical Aleutian . 3. She was only a whisky maker, but he loved her still. 4. A rubber band pistol was confiscated from algebra class because it was a weapon of math disruption. 5. The butcher backed into the meat grinder and got a little behind in his work. 6. No matter how much you push the envelope, it'll still be stationery. 7. A dog gave birth to puppies near the road and was cited for littering. 8. A grenade thrown into a kitchen in France would result in "Linoleum Blownapart." 9. Two silk worms had a race. They ended up in a tie. 10. Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. 11. A hole has been found in the nudist camp wall. The police are looking into it. 12. Atheism is a non-prophet organization. 13. Two hats were hanging on a hat rack in the hallway. One hat said to the other, 'You stay here, I'll go on a head.' 14. I wondered why the baseball kept getting bigger. Then, it hit me! 15. A sign on the lawn at a drug rehab center said, 'Keep off the Grass.' 16. A small boy swallowed some coins and was taken to a hospital. When his grandmother telephoned to ask how he was, a nurse said, 'No change yet.' 17. A chicken crossing the road is poultry in motion. 18. The short fortune-teller who escaped from prison was a small medium at large. 19. The man who survived mustard gas and pepper spray is now a seasoned veteran. 20. A backward poet writes inverse. 21. In democracy, it's your vote that counts. In feudalism, it's your count that votes. 22. When cannibals ate a missionary, they got a taste of religion. 23. Don't join dangerous cults: Practice safe sects! 24. All things cometh to he who waiteth. Provideth he worketh like crazy while he waiteth!
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Target Audience: Librarians who implement web technologies or wish to communicate effectively with their IT department about their implementation
1. Participants will be able to identify the skills and tools needed to begin using various programming languages.
2. Participants will be able to select possible applications for their library, based on the programming languages presented.
Programming languages and the web tools they create permeate today’s library. Daily, librarians make decisions about the tools they offer patrons online. They consult with IT staff about implementing online tools, but they may not have a realistic idea of what they’re requesting. Most librarians know a little, want to know more, and are willing to self-educate—but may not know where to start. This program will provide an overview of several programming languages that are currently being used by libraries. Panelists will discuss how they use these languages to create online tools for patrons, design and display effective web pages, and manipulate cataloging records.
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Search Local History Articles
- Community Services
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- In the 19th Century
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Santa Cruz County History - Executive Order 9066 and the Residents of Santa Cruz County
Watsonville Register-Pajaronian. Jan. 2, 1942. p. 1
MOVEMENTS OF ALL AXIS ALIENS NOW RESTRICTED
Pajaro Valley's Japanese, German and Italian nationals must turn in all firearms in their possession to police authorities before 11 p.m. Monday, and must confine their travel to the community in which they reside unless given permission to the contrary.
Atty. Gen. Francis Biddle Thursday issued an order at Washington restricting travel of axis nationals throughout the United States and ordering them to turn in all firearms before the Monday deadline.
For nearly three weeks, Watsonville police have been receiving firearms from both Japanese nationals and citizens here following the request of the Japanese association, through I. Motoki, that they voluntarily turn in their firearms and cameras to police for the duration of the war.
The axis aliens may commute to their homes, to their places of business, places of religious worship, schools, colleges, and to any federal, state or local government agency with which they are required to transact business under provisions of Biddle's order.
"All other travel by enemy aliens in the United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin islands is forbidden," said Biddle, "unless the enemy alien files with the United States attorney for his district, one week in advance of the projected trip, a statement containing the following specific information:
"Name, nationality, alien registration number, purpose of the trip, destination, date of departure and return, route to be followed, and the carrier (railroad, bus, automobile, etc.) used.
Biddle said that if the projected trip is to be more than one point, the enemy alien is required to provide in his statement similar details as to the intermediate points to be visited.
Biddle said that all United States attorneys had been instructed to prohibit travel, even under these conditions, if in their opinion "such travel is potentially dangerous to public safety."
Biddle again warned that travel by airplane is specifically prohibited to enemy aliens and that before changing residence they must notify their U. S. district attorney and the immigration and naturalization service.
The new regulations were issued under authority of the same presidential proclamation under which orders for surrender of all radio transmitters, short wave radio receivers and hand cameras was issued.
An enemy alien is any citizen of Japan, Germany or Italy.
Copyrighted by the Watsonville Register-Pajaronian. Reproduced by permission.
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Last month, CSH joined with the City of Detroit and the Detroit Continuum of Care in celebrating a continued and steady decline in the number of people in the Motor City experiencing homelessness, noting a 15% drop in 2017 over the previous year including a 4% drop among homeless veterans. The City and CSH credit the reduction to the "Housing First" approach to homelessness, which relies on the supportive housing model with wraparound services to ensure success for those in need of stability. With technical assistance provided in part by CSH, Detroit added 143 permanent supportive housing units in 2017 and expects to add another 300 over the next five years.
Last week, Harvard University's Joint Center for Housing Studies (JCHS) released its annual report, "The State of the Nation's Housing 2018." The report examines the state of the housing market in 2018, finding that an increasing number of low- and moderate-income families lack access to affordable housing options and homeownership is becoming less affordable. Forty-seven percent of renters were cost-burdened, including 11 million severely cost-burdened renters who paid more than half their monthly incomes towards rent, a significantly higher rate than in 1988. The problem is particularly acute for low-income renters: 80 percent of renters earning less than $30,000 were cost-burdened, including 55 percent with severe burdens.
The most recent issue of Insights, published by the California Child Welfare Co-Investment Partnership, highlights opportunities and recommendations to address the challenges linked to housing insecurity with the goal of improving outcomes for California's children and families. CSH and our experts feature prominently in this issue where there are a number of references to, and details of, initiatives that form the backbone of our One Roof effort to help families facing housing instability and child-welfare involvement.
A report commissioned by CSH and authored by University of Chicago Urban Labs found there are 10,000 families in Chicago experiencing homelessness or living doubled-up with family and friends. What is unique about the report itself is the sources of the data. For the first time, Chicago Public Schools and the City's homeless services shared data around the families they serve. The result is a better understanding of just how many families lack access to stable housing. "Our goal is to work across partners in the community and with City agencies and Chicago Public Schools to increase resources for high-need families without a home," said Betsy Benito, director of CSH initiatives in Illinois. We are grateful to Polk Bros. Foundation, the Chicago Community Trust, and the Pierce Family Foundation for their support of this report.
The City of Chicago Department of Family and Support Services is seeking applications for an array of services and activities that collectively perform the function of a Coordination Agency for the City's new Flexible Housing Pool (FHP). The overarching objective of the FHP is to rapidly and simply connect individuals with complex needs who are frequently using crisis systems (e.g., emergency rooms, shelters, or jail detention) to supportive housing and increase access to needed services. CSH has been a partner and advisor in the development of the FHP. Details about the RFP, due July 10, can be found here.
CSH is partnering with the City of Chicago and a host of Chicagoland nonprofits to sponsor a community event promoting Coordinated Entry. The Unified Community Response forum is an opportunity to learn how Chicago and Cook County's Homelessness Continua of Care are embracing a new approach to change the course of homelessness through collaboration, data-informed population needs, and equitable access to housing and resources. Learn more about and RSVP for the July 11 event here.
According to a report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately 40% of individuals in a jail or prison between 2011 and 2012 reported having a chronic health condition. Upon release, many individuals lacked stable housing and ongoing care coordination, exacerbating their illnesses. Health centers can play a pivotal role in improving the health of justice-involved people. Our new report "Stopping the Revolving Door: How Health Centers Can Serve Justice-Involved Populations" examines three case studies of health centers serving justice involved populations and provides recommendations for replication in other communities. Join us for a webinar on July 18 at 2:00pm ET where we will discuss the three case studies in greater detail.
"Housing as healthcare" is the maxim often used to describe the critical impact of housing on the health conditions and needs of vulnerable populations. CSH reviews the state of available research literature on this topic in our new published paper, "Supportive Housing & Healthcare Outcomes." Our goal is for supportive housing and healthcare providers to use this brief as a starting point for further exploration of the studies that most closely align with their interests related to the nexus of housing and healthcare.
CSH is soliciting applicants who are interested in using the Pay for Success (PFS) model to create supportive housing for vulnerable populations. Applicants should be interested in the opportunity to further a PFS initiative in their community by building the capacity of nonprofit service providers. Please note that unlike prior rounds of competition, applicants are not required to have received other federal funding for PFS exploration. Communities that are participating in the Data-Driven Justice Initiative to use data to drive system reform for vulnerable justice-involved populations will be prioritized for this award. Find the full application and the information you need by clicking here.
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Refinancing troubles ensure a huge number of commercial properties will involuntarily change hands.
The belief that the real estate recession is almost over has become widespread, especially because federal authorities want the electorate to think their remedies are succeeding. But I am much less optimistic than views coming out of Washington and the media. The reasons primarily involve real estate.
The housing industry has been hit by a double whammy. The first blow was excessively risky and often fraudulent home mortgages. These included subprime mortgages requiring no down payments, no verified income estimates by borrowers, and low teaser rates that jumped up sharply. These foolish documents all assumed more home price increases, thereby permitting refinancing at better terms.
The nation's home builders followed their usual reckless practice of building as many new units as possible, even though that caused them to exceed current demand. So home markets became overbuilt in 2004 and 2005 — as they have in all previous economic booms.
Hence home prices began falling, which undermined the basic assumption behind most subprime and many prime loans. This led to massive subprime and other mortgage defaults. Many were buried in complex collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) that had been sold to unknowing investors worldwide.
Many banks that issued CDOs were caught with billions of securities as yet unsold when the bottom dropped out of the CDO market. That left those banks with tons of toxic assets no one was willing to buy. Eventually this led to a worldwide credit freeze in both housing markets and commercial property markets.
The Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., and the U.S. Treasury reacted by pouring trillions of dollars into banks, Wall Street firms, the auto industry, and some housing securities. Even so, housing prices fell sharply and defaults kept multiplying, generating massive home foreclosures.
Shrinking household wealth
In September 2008, asset values of all types collapsed, ranging from office buildings to 401(k) plans, stock values, pension fund holdings, single-family and apartment prices, and even commercial property prices.
This gigantic decline in American wealth caused consumers at all income levels to cut back on their spending. For the first time in years, consumers as a group began saving money. The result was a huge drop in demand for all types of goods and services.
New light vehicle sales fell from an annual average of 16.8 million units from 1989 through 2006 to an estimated 11.5 million in 2009, down 31%. New home starts — excluding mobile homes — dropped from an annual average of 1.7 million from 1989 through 2006 to an estimated 520,000 in 2009, a plunge of nearly 70%, the lowest level since World War II. Office and apartment vacancies rose notably.
The peacetime record fall in housing starts of 75% from 2005 to 2009 reflects the impact of the second whammy to hit the housing markets: rising unemployment caused by falling consumer spending. That led to a further drop in spending because of shrinking incomes among people who have lost their jobs or believe they might soon do so.
This whammy is like the usual decline in housing activities in most previous recessions since World War II. In those recessions, there was usually no major fall in home prices from defaults in inferior mortgage instruments; the big problem was unemployment.
The impact of this second whammy has certainly not played out yet. Unemployment is still rising. U.S. home foreclosure filings shot up from 1.03 million in 2006 to 3.1 million in 2008, and are likely to reach 3.5 million in 2009. Only about 25% of annual foreclosure filings result in lender takeovers in the same year.
Hence the data imply that takeovers will rise from an estimated 789,000 in 2008 to about 875,000 in 2009. Although sales prices of some existing homes have recently risen slightly due to many low-priced foreclosure sales across the nation as a whole, sales of existing homes dropped from 6.5 million in 2006 to 4.9 million in 2008 and are projected to hit 4.6 million in 2009, a fall of 29%, according to the National Association of Realtors.
Both rising foreclosures and falling sales mean the overall inventory of houses on the market is not declining. Therefore, the recession in housing markets won't be over for quite a while.
Deleveraging creates pain
As I pointed out in previous columns, debt repayment problems in commercial property markets will become much greater in late 2009 and throughout 2010. Too many property owners borrowed at high loan-to-value ratios from 2000 through 2007.
Since property values plunged in 2008 and banks have drastically reduced loan-to-value ratios, those property owners will have to come up with lots of new equity to roll over their debts. Where will they get such capital if banks still refuse to lend?
Many won't be able to repay their loans, so huge amounts of commercial properties will change ownership involuntarily. Thus, the recession in commercial property markets has not even hit its low point.
Finally, there is a difference between hitting bottom and actually coming out of a recession. In housing, about 1.3 million new U.S. households are formed in a typical year. That means the housing market won't be back to normal until new starts rise from their present level of 520,000 per year to near 1.3 million — a whopping gain of 150%.
As long as sales in housing markets are dominated by foreclosures, home prices will not rise much from the bottom, which they have not yet reached. In past regional recessions, it took three to five years for home prices to rise from their low point to the peak in previous booms. Since we are not yet at either a housing or commercial price low point, it will be a long time before we get back to normal in these markets.
In addition, gross domestic product (GDP) in 2000 dollars peaked at $11.72 trillion in the second quarter of 2008, then fell to $11.24 trillion one year later — a fall of about $480 billion, or 4.1%. The last time real GDP posted that big a decline (11% in 1946), it took five years to bring it back above its previous high.
Even when it is clear that we have stopped falling, we may still take a long time to get out of the hole we have dug. So don't relax yet. It's not over.
Tony Downs is a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C. Contact him at email@example.com
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April 8th, 2013
12:18 PM ET
Editor’s Note: Rebekah Lyons is the author of "Freefall to Fly: A Breathtaking Journey Toward a Life of Meaning." She writes on womanhood, purpose and mental health at RebekahLyons.com. Follow her on Twitter @rebekahlyons.
By Rebekah Lyons, Special to CNN
(CNN)– We grieve. Our stomachs turn as the shock settles in. Many of us were raised in pews where answers were given freely. But this past weekend proved otherwise. If we are honest, we are shaken by the frailty of our faith.
As the news spread on Saturday, Christians around the world were gripped by the suicide of 27-year-old Matthew Warren, son of Rick Warren, a beloved megachurch pastor and best-selling author of "The Purpose Driven Life." A son’s life was fraught with mental illness from his earliest years. A father bravely addressed this struggle head-on in a letter to church staff stating, "only those closest to him knew that he struggled with mental illness, dark holes of depression and even suicidal thoughts."
Mental illness is a category so vast, with varying degrees so complex, we collectively avoid the topic until it creeps into our homes and afflicts those we love most. But today, we're forced to face something that’s become so rampant, it can no longer be ignored.
For years, we've reserved the term “mental illness” for only the most extreme cases, but 26% of us in any given year suffer from depression, anxiety and a serious number of other mental illnesses, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. It’s a dirty little secret few people want to talk about, a devastating statistic implying that, in each of our families, we all care for someone who faces this pain.
This problem doesn't go away just because you have faith. For many, the church has become a place where they quietly suffer.
Almost one in four middle-age women is on some form of antidepressant medication, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. Women intent on managing the expectations of their spouses, children and friends quietly medicate while trying to keep it all together.
As one representing the 26%, for me it came in waves. From the low hum during the longest of winters to volatile moments rocking on the floor of my closet, questioning whether my life would always bear this weight. Watching it firsthand in my family during my formative years, I wondered whether history was repeating itself in me.
For those afflicted, depression enters when we've lost hope for the future. When we no longer imagine a life that is free. Whether it’s triggered by a chemical imbalance or a change in circumstances, facing it in isolation is the most treacherous. At precisely the time we need others, our inclination is to turn inward.
I’ve been comforted to know I’m not alone.
Anxiety and panic are my nemesis. In my struggle to break through the mental distress, I’ve found comfort and promise in the writings of Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl. His summation that the root cause of anxiety is a sense of unfulfilled responsibility resonates.
For me, the low surfaces when I am not contributing to someone or something. When I lose a vision for my life, purpose hides beyond my grasp. But when I recover my sense of purpose and calling — to help women navigate these hidden troubles — meaning rushes in.
Over the past three years, the promises of Jesus have been paramount in helping me walk forward. Uttering hushed prayers in subways as the doors close in, softly crying out for rescue on long desolate Central Park walks in the dead of winter. God’s presence has always been a guiding force, my source for purpose beyond myself.
For each of us, this tragedy raises important questions: How do we better care for the 26%? What is your role in bringing healing to those who hurt?
Perhaps these three postures could go a long way.
Remove the stigma
I’m comforted to know that even in this tragic moment, America's beloved pastor still teaches us. Warren's sensitivity and understanding in the closing words of his letter give hope for a new posture within the church. He acknowledged that "Kay and I often marveled at (Matthew's) courage to keep moving in spite of relentless pain. I'll never forget how many years ago ... Matthew said, 'Dad, I know I'm going to heaven. Why can't I just die and end this pain?' But he kept going for another decade."
With that kind of honest, raw vulnerability and perspective, who wouldn’t want Rick Warren to be their pastor? Or their dad, for that matter.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Rebekah Lyons.
About this blog
The CNN Belief Blog covers the faith angles of the day's biggest stories, from breaking news to politics to entertainment, fostering a global conversation about the role of religion and belief in readers' lives. It's edited by CNN's Daniel Burke with contributions from Eric Marrapodi and CNN's worldwide news gathering team.
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How do I change the light settings in Rhino?
The quickest and easiest way to open and start working with lights in Rhino is to type ‘Lights’ in the Rhino command line, after which Rhino’s Lights panel will open. You can also open the Lights panel in Rhino via the Rhino Panels menu. The Lights panel opens with two default lights already listed.
How do I turn off shadows in rhino?
If it’s just the shadows you want off, then select your objects, and in the Object Properties panel. uncheck the option for Casts shadows. The Shaded working display mode also draws surface edges and seams.
What is directional light?
Directional lights emit parallel light rays in a single direction but the light reaches out into infinity. You can think of a directional light as a giant flash light very far away from your objects, always centered and it never dies off. You can rotate the light in any direction.
What is directional light in photography?
Directional Lighting in Photography is simply lighting that enters from a specific direction. Light can enter from camera left, from camera right, from above or from below. Directional Light is the opposite of flat light, which is an even light the enters from the same direction as the camera.
How do you add a lighting direction in Photoshop?
Select the layer in the Photoshop Layers window if it’s not already selected. Then in the Photoshop “Filters” menu select the “Camera Raw Filter…” option. You will then see the Camera Raw filter dialog as shown here. In the Camera Raw filter select the Radial Gradient option on the right side of the interface (1).
How much is VRAY for Rhino?
V-Ray 5 for Rhino costs $790, with upgrades available for $395. Term licensing is available at $350 (annually) and $60 (monthly). V-Ray 5 for Rhino is also included in V-Ray Collection, an annual plan that gives users full access to 15 Chaos Group products and services for $699/year.
How do you use Enscape lights?
Simply select your material in SketchUp and open the Material Editor through the Enscape ribbon. You can then check the box next to Self-Illumination to make the material emissive. Use the Luminance slider to adjust the emission intensity; the maximum intensity is 100,000 candelas.
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Scale-Space processing of point-sampled geometry for efficient 3D object segmentation
Laga, H. (2005) Scale-Space processing of point-sampled geometry for efficient 3D object segmentation. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems, E88-D (5). pp. 963-970.
*Subscription may be required
In this paper, we present a novel framework for analyzing and segmenting point-sampled 3D objects. Our algorithm computes a decomposition of a given point set surface into meaningful components, which are delimited by line features and deep concavities. Central to our method is the extension of the scale-space theory to the three-dimensional space to allow feature analysis and classification at different scales. Then, a new surface classifier is computed and used in an anisotropic diffusion process via partial differential equations (PDEs). The algorithm avoids the misclassifications due to fuzzy and incomplete line features. Our algorithm operates directly on points requiring no vertex connectivity information. We demonstrate and discuss its performance on a collection of point sampled 3D objects including CAD and natural models. Applications include 3D shape matching and retrieval, surface reconstruction and feature preserving simplification.
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|Fred Waldron Phelps SR.|
|Political Party:||Democratic Party (Might be pretending though)|
|Education:|| Associate's degree, John Muir College, 1951
Law degree, Washburn University, 1964
|Born||November 13, 1929|
|Died||March 19, 2014 (aged 84)|
Fred Waldron Phelps Sr. (1929-2014) was a "minister" from Topeka, Kansas who ran the Westboro Baptist Church. Phelps was the absolute perfect example of something both Conservatives and Liberals could agree on, (someone who got things wrong) though he looked like an ultra-conservative. Phelps seemed to exercise abusive cultlike control over his followers who were and still are mostly members of his family, married into his family, or both. Even young children from the Phelps family must take part in their evil demonstrations. The views Fred Phelps had of homosexuals, Canadians, and Americans are in some ways representative of most of the evangelical movement which also includes Pat Robertson and the late Jerry Falwell but Fred Phelps hated British, Jewish, Irish, Swedish people and others as well. Happily most British, Jewish, Irish, Swedish, etc. people haven't the faintest idea who Phelps was. In 2014 Fred Phelps finally died and few will mourn him.
In many ways Fred Phelps was just in things for himself, hated everything and everyone besides his those who were totally subservient to him, nobody was on this guy's team. Despite this a great deal of the Phelps intolerance, homophobia, emphasis on Hell etc is a bit like Conservatives. Well Phelps was and his family are in no way Liberal.His views were even more extreme than Falwell and Robertson, because he actually thanked God for dead American soldiers. He also thanked God for the Attack on the World Trade Center, for Hurricane Katrina, and for a range of bad things which happened to America. He called Bush (a Far rightist and authoritarian) a "fag-enabler". This has prompted some Christian fundamentalists to distance themselves from Phelps despite sharing similar views. Rev Falwell referred to Phelps as a "first class nut," and many conservative Christians are not at all like Phelps, and believe he was damaging to their cause. His extreme views were even further to the fringe than radical preachers such as Pat Robertson. While Phelps shared Robertson’s views on Homosexuality and blamed homosexuals for 9/11, Phelps took his extreme views so far that his viewpoints were often opposed by almost everybody in America. For example, he supported Fidel Castro and Saddam Hussein who are both demonized by the Americans, especially right-wingers. The reason he supported Castro is has nothing to do with communism or left-wing economics though, it was because of Castro's strong views against homosexual behavior and his authoritarianism. He supported Saddam Hussein, because he allowed Christians to preach in Baghdad (Saddam was secular and didn't really care about religion). Phelps later changed his view on Saddam, and said he is in hell.
All members who leave the Westboro Baptist Church are shunned by family members still in the church. There is a rumor that Fred Phelps himself was ex communicated in 2013, we don't know why for sure. There is a further rumor of a power struggle between Shirley Phelps-Roper, daughter of Fred and a male group of elders. Ironically it's alleged that Fred Phelps got ex-communicated for asking the two sides to be kinder to each other. The prominence of Shirley Phelps-Roper, earlier Marge Phelps is unusual for the American Religious Right but Westboro is a law unto itself and presumably Fred Phelps preferred his daughters. One source claims Shirley Phelps-Roper has been ousted and the male elders are now in charge. The Westbororo's are secretive and getting to the truth may be difficult or impossible. There's no sign that family or that church will become less dysfunctional.
Conservapedia and the rightEdit
Conservapedia has called Fred Phelps a liberal activist and a leftist. There are several reasons for this. He supported Castro. He also used to support the Democratic Party (which used to be the "Conservative" party at the time). But possibly another reason is that the Westboro Group used tactics superficially like Marxist and Saul Alinsky style.
He criticizeds other members of the Religious Right, Phelps criticized practically everyone who wasn’t exactly like him, -in that he was like Andrew Schlafly-. This is sometimes considered "leftist" by conservatives and more importantly he is an embarrassment to religion and especially the Religious right.
This helps to show us two points. One point is that the despite extreme views in Conservapedia there are even more radical conservatives out there and Conservapedia wants nothing to do with them. The second point is that Conservapedia is irrationally biased. Anyone who disagrees with what Conservapedia says is "liberal" even if their opponent has views which are in stark contrast to Liberalism like Phelps.
God as an abusive parentEdit
Nate Phelps, estranged son of Fred Phelps says his father would regularly take his anger out against his children and beatings happened often, while his brother Mark Phelps agrees that they “grew up in a violent household” where their father frequently beat them. Mark Phelps adds that father even ordered him (Mark) to beat his younger brothers and sisters which Nate Phelps agrees happened. Father also routinely abused the children both verbally and psychologically.
Nate Phelps feels the anger his father showed to those he hated is the same type of hate, though father can’t beat these people. (Fred Phelps expected God to punish his enemies for him.) Fred Phelps and the Westboro Baptist Church regularly picketed the funerals of dead gays and others that he felt were connected with gays, he picketed the funerals of soldiers killed in action as well. Without Phelps the WBC carries on with those awful pickets. This is explained in more detail in the article, God Hates Fags. It seems to one author that Fred Phelps thought God is an abusive father of the type that he himself was.
The United KingdomEdit
Fred Phelps with his brainwashed daughter wanted to protest over a UK play about a young man murdered for being gay. Do the WBC think it’s right to murder gays? The British government banned them from entering the country. The US had to put up with them as citizens. American free speech laws allow the Phelps family to spout homophobic garbage but prevent people knowing what Monsanto does. Phelps thought Britain is doomed like the United States but the Brits aren't interested.
Marge Phelps and the UKEdit
Perhaps Fred Phelps was getting too old, Marge Phelps seemed to be taking over. Brave UK youngster, Harry Moseley died from a brain tumour at the age of 11 after raising £500,000 for charity. Most adults with that condition would not have the psychological strength to do what that youngster did. Marge Phelps wrote to Harry’s devastated family telling them they should have taught him about heaven and hell instead of encouraging him to raise money for charity and help people. Americans are used to this type of unpleasantness from the Westboro Baptist Church but the UK were surprised and shocked. (Later Marge became less prominent and Shirley Phelps-Roper appears to have been fighting a council of all male elders for control. Liberapedia doesn't know who will win, one source says the men won.) Liberapedia remains certain the Westboros will stay dysfunctional.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dry eyes for Fred Phelps
- ↑ Westboro Baptist Church Founder's Granddaughters Ditch Group, Apologize For 'Inflicting Pain'
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Little sorrow seen as anti-gay preacher Phelps said to be near death
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Was Anti-Gay Westboro Founder Fred Phelps Excommunicated for Advocating ‘Kindness’?
- ↑ Elders excommunicate Phelps after power struggle, call for kindness within church
- ↑ Marx and Alinsky wanted to improve conditions, those two may have been misguided but Phelps didn't even try to improve things. Phelps rebuked people in the name of God, he told people that God hated them and they were bound for Hell. Then if people believed Phelps he left them in despair. Similarities between Phelps and Marx or Alinsky are clearly superficial.
- ↑ Abuse as theology: Fred Phelps' son tells his father to stop venting his rage
- ↑ History of Harry Moseley as his funeral takes place
- ↑ Harry Moseley's mum hits out at 'vile' Christian group's Twitter tirade
- Abuse as theology Fred Phelps’ son tells his father to stop venting his rage
- Hatred Personified: Fred Phelps and the Religious Cult He Leads
- Fred Phelps Clan Goes After Lady GaGa Wayne Besen on Fred Phelps and family
- Fred Phelps supporter on Hannity & Colmes Even Sean Hannity and Fox News hate Phelps and his church.
- Fred Phelps and God Hates Fags, Heath Ledger and Sam Harris!This is an ordinary American who got onto the Phelps hate list because the Phelps family picketed his school when he was a kid and as a kid he made a bad impression, really.
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If you're an eco-conscious renter, it might seem impossible to make your space more energy-efficient without breaking your lease or pouring money into a home you don't own. You probably won't spring for solar panels or an Energy Star-certified water heater if you're just renting.
But there are simple, relatively inexpensive steps you can take to reduce energy use in your home, helping the environment and probably saving you money on your utility bills.
"By using less energy, it means that the utility system has to produce less energy," says Lizzie Rubado, a manager at Energy Trust of Oregon. "And since a lot of the sources of energy that we use still come from fossil fuels or other energy sources that are emitting greenhouse gases, when you use less energy in your home, that means that it reduces overall our greenhouse gas emissions."
Here are ways to reduce your energy use while renting.
Change your lightbulbs.
Rubado says it's time to ditch those 60-watt incandescent bulbs. LED bulbs use 75% to 80% less energy and could save you between $60 and $125 for each installed bulb over its lifetime, according to Consumer Reports. If you're feeling overwhelmed by all the bulbs you'd need to replace, Rubado recommends starting with the five lights you use most frequently. Bonus tip: Store the original lightbulbs in a bag, then swap them back in when you move, so you can bring your LEDs with you.
It takes energy to pump water out to homes, so cutting back on usage conserves both energy and water.
Kathryn Kellogg, founder of Going Zero Waste, a platform promoting eco-friendly living, recommends switching to a low-flow shower head that dispenses less water. "We would just add on a new shower head that we would bring with us to each apartment," she says. Look for the WaterSense label on fixtures; the typical shower head goes through 2.5 gallons of water a minute, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, but WaterSense heads don't use more than two gallons per minute.
Meanwhile, Manuela Barón, founder of the Girl Gone Green, suggests putting a plastic water bottle in your toilet tank. Each time you flush, the tank refills with more water than it needs for the next flush, Barón says. Setting a filled water bottle inside the tank means it will take less water to reach the fill line and conserve your water usage - while still providing enough to flush the toilet.
Another tip: If your apartment has a dishwasher, use it. It uses less energy and water than washing dishes by hand, Rubado says.
Don't go thermostat crazy.
"Making sure that you're not heating or cooling your home when you don't need to is one of the biggest ways that you can save energy," Rubado says. "Even small changes can make a big impact on your bills and on your carbon footprint."
If your rental has a thermostat, Rubado recommends setting it between 65 and 68 degrees during the day in the winter, then lowering it to 58 or 60 at night. During summer, don't set it below 70 degrees, she says. And don't come home and immediately crank up the heat or AC. This won't heat or cool your home faster; it will only force your system to work harder and use more energy, Rubado says. If you have a programmable thermostat, such as a Nest, she recommends taking the time to set it up and learn how it works, so you aren't unnecessarily cooling or heating your house while you're away.
Insulate and cool.
"You lose a lot of your heating and cooling and energy through your windows," Kellogg says. She recommends renters install thick curtains and close them during the hot summer months to keep rooms cooler and darker, as well as closing them at night during the winter to trap in heat. Meanwhile, make sure your ceiling fan is spinning clockwise on a low setting in the winter, so it pushes down the warm air that has risen to the top, Rubado says, and counterclockwise in the summer to create a downward draft. Most ceiling fans have a switch or chain that will change the blades' direction.
And you can fix drafty, energy-wasting spaces without costly construction. "The typical home has enough small gaps and cracks in it that it's equivalent to leaving a window open all year round, winter and summer," Rubado says. She recommends placing removable draft stoppers under your doors. (You can take these with you when you move.) Or, if there's a gap between your window sash and the sill, buy a piece of foam from the hardware store, place it on the sill and close the window on it to seal the crack.
Don't forget the fridge.
Even if it doesn't make sense to spring for an energy-efficient refrigerator as a renter, you can still help yours consume less energy. First step: Vacuum behind the fridge and clean the coils, Kellogg says. This will help the fridge diffuse heat better and run more efficiently. Also, if your fridge has an ice machine, she recommends turning it off once the ice bucket is full to save energy. Only turn it back on once it's empty.
Check your cords.
Unplug items when you're not using them. Phantom energy - or power used by devices that still consume energy while plugged in and not in use, such as phone or computer chargers - can make up as much as 20% of your monthly electricity bill, according to Duke Energy. "On average, every home has about 40 of these phantom energy users," Rubado says. "That energy use can add up."
She suggests plugging nearby devices into a power strip, making it easier to switch everything off at once. And smart plugs are a good option, too, she says; they can connect to a smart-home assistant or an app to allow you to turn devices on and off remotely, so you'll never accidentally leave your light on while you're at work again.
Wash and dry smartly.
Again, a renter probably won't opt for an Energy Star-certified washer and dryer. But it requires energy to heat water, so wash your clothes using cold water whenever you can, Barón says. And although air-drying your clothes using a rack or line is the most energy-efficient method, you might not have the space to do that. If that's the case, Barón recommends throwing a dry towel in the dryer with your wet clothes. "It helps cut down the overall time for clothes in the dryer," she says.
Mimi Montgomery is a writer and editor in Washington, D.C.
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For many years, haze has tarnished the views at national parks, including Colorado’s Mesa Verde and the Grand Canyon. On bad days poor air quality in Mesa Verde can cut visibility to just 20 miles. That's a stark contrast to the clarity of the early 1900s, when visibility was up to 162 miles on a crisp, clear day.
The Clean Air Act has provisions for safeguarding national parks and wilderness areas from being beset by haze and requires states to clean up emissions that lead to haze production. But enforcement has been lax. Back in 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency found that 37 states had submitted incomplete proposals, or no proposals at all, for how they planned to reduce haze-inducing pollutants.
The agency has since been clamping down on power plants and making rules for operators to cut emissions of things that cause haze, a mishmash that includes nitrogen oxide, a gas released during combustion, as well as particulate matter and soot from wildfires.
To comply with the EPA’s mandate, the utility company plans to shut down three of the plant’s oldest and least efficient units. On its remaining two units, it will also install what is known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 87 percent. This technology takes the combustion gas that would go out the plant's smokestack and passes it through a series of beds containing ammonia or urea and a catalyst, which breaks nitrogen oxide down into water vapor and nitrogen. Retiring the plant’s three older units and upgrading the remaining two will cut the plant’s contribution to shoddy visibility at 16 national parks and wilderness areas by about 72 percent.
Illustration of selective catalytic reduction technology, courtesy EPA.
Before it can clean up the two units, the Arizona Public Service Company needs to buy a major share in them from Southern California Edison, which currently has a controlling stake in the units, explains Damon Gross, spokesperson for APS. The company plans to complete the purchase by the end of the year, and then begin decommissioning the three old units. Upgrades to the plant will likely result in a rate increase of between 2 and 3 percent for customers, he says.
Just off the reservation, in New Mexico, the EPA’s efforts to cut emissions from the nearby San Juan Generating Station, which supplies electricity to more than 2 million customers in the Southwest, have not gone down quite as smoothly. Last June, New Mexico offered the EPA its plan for cutting emissions at the San Juan plant, which is operated by the Public Service Company of New Mexico. This proposed making use of selective noncatalytic reduction technology, which cleans up pollution by injecting ammonia or urea straight into high temperature parts of the boiler, a less efficient option than the selective catalytic alternative. The EPA rejected this plan. Under the Clean Air Act, polluters are required to install what is known as Best Available Retrofit Technology, a requirement that means EPA can judge pollution reform plans lacking if they do not meet certain technological specifications.
Since the utility company only has until 2016, it is already moving ahead with planning to follow the EPA’s recommendations of using selective catalytic technology. At the same time, though, it and the state have appealed the EPA’s ruling in federal court, and New Mexico is busy looking at the possibility of coming up with an alternative emissions reduction plan. Last month, EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson gave the plant’s operators some breathing room by giving the state an extra 90 days to come up with a plan, after New Mexico Gov. Susana Martinez made a special request. The New Mexico Environment Department now has until October 15 to figure out a new pollution reduction plan for the plant, and is holding a series of public meetings to get comments on an alternative to the state and federal plans.
“The viability of any alternative cleanup plan for the San Juan Generating Station will require buy-in from environmental, public health and other stakeholders,” Jeremy Nichols, of environmental group WildEarth Guardians, told Bloomberg Businessweek.
Based on an estimated cost of $750 million (the EPA estimate is $345 million), the price tag for fitting the plant could translate to an increase of up to $82 dollars per year for customers, says Valerie Smith, spokesperson for Public Service Company of New Mexico.
While these pollution reduction measures will help clear the air in national parks, they also carry health and environmental benefits. As HCN editor Cally Carswell explained in her 2011 article on the topic, “nitrogen oxide is a primary ingredient in ozone, which can make breathing difficult and aggravate respiratory ailments.” And nitrogen from power plants, agriculture, and combustion in the Front Range has already had a detrimental affect on lakes, streams, and soils in Colorado’s Rocky Mountain National Park.
Ultimately, the regulations don’t simply lead to a clearer view. They lead to cleaner air too.
Brendon Bosworth is a High Country News intern.
Image: San Juan Generating Station and San Juan Mine. Courtesy San Juan Citizen's Alliance/EcoFlight via Flickr.
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DALTON, Mass. — Smokers, on average, pay about $11 for a pack of cigarettes. So, if they stop, lower-income smokers should have more money. Right?
But the calculation isn't that simple when other stress factors are considered, such as food insecurity.
"You have to understand that when people are addicted to nicotine, nicotine may serve a couple of functions, smokers may feel, it helps them reduce stress," said Joyce Brewer, manager of Berkshire AHEC's Tobacco-Free Community Partnership Program. "Or if they are food insecure, it might staunch the feeling that they're hungry so that they have enough to feed their children."
The Berkshire Area Health Education Center is hosting a free webinar on Thursday, Aug. 18, from 8:30 to 10 a.m., to educate the community on the correlation between food insecurity and smoking cessation with Jin Kim-Mozeleski, assistant professor in the Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.
Professor Kim-Mozeleski will discuss the link between food insecurity and tobacco use while analyzing recent research studies.
A common misconception that they are working to dispute is the idea that if someone stopped purchasing cigarettes then they would have money, but there are many factors that people do not consider that contradict this.
Brewer said they want to inform the community how social-economic status, tobacco use, and health are all interconnected. She has been working for three years on a case study that is funded through a grant from Massachusetts Tobacco Cessation and Prevention Program.
"Food insecurity affects your health. It impacts children's development and impacts someone's ability to try to quit. In my travels and doing presentations, people will often say, 'Well, I know I smoke more when I'm stressed,'" Brewer said
"So, we can't ask people to try to quit if they're worried about food, feeding their families, housing, and employment which are all a part of making a healthier community for all.
Brewer noted that the issue of food insecurity has been exacerbated because of COVID-19. Communities of color have been impacted the greatest not only in the effects of the virus but in food insecurity.
"[This webinar is important] because we have learned long ago — but more exacerbated during the last few years — that the social determinants of health have a great impact on community health,” AHEC Executive Director Gena DiSimoni Johnson said.
"And if we're going to solve problems before they start, rather than address the symptoms when they exist, we need to educate more people about how everything is connected."
Brewer said that although the novel coronavirus has intensified this issue, the size of the Berkshires allows for good communication between organizations. She is also part of Northern Berkshire and South County Food Access collaboratives.
There are options for those trying to quit smoking. Those interested in quitting can reach out to the MA Smokers' Helpline at 1-800-Quit-Now for free coaching and support. Quit Now is also offering menthol smokers up to $50 in gift cards to Massachusetts residents who participate in the coaching services.
Berkshire AHEC is a local nonprofit that provides continuing education and community education on topics surrounding all aspects of health care.
iBerkshires.com welcomes critical, respectful dialogue. Name-calling, personal attacks, libel, slander or foul language is not allowed. All comments are reviewed before posting and will be deleted or edited as necessary.
Pittsfield Babe Ruth 13s Go to 2-0 at World Series
By Stephen DravisiBerkshires.com Sports
GLEN ALLEN, Va. — Christian Barry hit an RBI triple in a three-run second inning Sunday, and the Pittsfield Babe Ruth 13-year-old All-Stars defeated the Virginia State Champions, 4-1, at the World Series.
Pittsfield improved to 2-0 with two games remaining in round-robin pool play at the event. They take the field again on Monday morning against another Virginia squad, Southeast Regional champion Winchester, at 10 a.m.
On Sunday, Pittsfield did all its damage early, taking a 4-0 lead in the bottom of the second and relying on Connor Paronto and Cam Hillard to do the rest on the mound.
Community partners gathered at the Churchill Brook culvert on Hancock Road on Thursday to highlight flood mitigation efforts assisted by the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness Program grant. click for more
Located on the B&P Auto Body Supply at the corner of Robbins Avenue and Columbus Avenue, it depicts a young boy making a wish on a dandelion with an eco-friendly landscape in the background. Within the mural is a farm, windmills to supply energy, an electric car, and a Bird scooter.
click for more
40 Under Forty honors talented millennials and Generation Z professionals in the Berkshires who have shown their support for the?region through leadership, community service and a deep dedication to improving the quality of life for those living and working in the community. click for more
With the current rate of $3.53 bi-annual metered rate per 1,000 gallons and an annual flat rate of $394, the town would be in an almost $172,000 deficit. Officials say this warranted the increase.
click for more
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Group honors historian
A Wapakoneta resident recently earned an African-American in History Award at the ninth annual Power of Unity Luncheon held at the Bradfield Community Center in Lima late February.
The man says the award is more for his hometown than for his work.
The award is given annually to a black achiever. Jim Bowsher is white, although the influence of Native American ancestry is also noticeable in his appearance. While Bowsher is not particularly impressed with awards or notoriety, this time around he felt the recognition was quite significant.
“This award isn’t for me,” Bowsher said. “It is for the city of Wapakoneta.”
Bowsher said he didn’t doubt there was probably plenty of heated discussion when his name was even mentioned to receive the award at the program, hosted by the Lima Family YMCA, the Black Achievers Program, and the Ohio State University-Lima Office of Institutional Diversity. However, he feels it has shown how far the community has grown.
“The reason I say this is an award for Wapakoneta is because of our past,” Bowsher said.
Bowsher is described by many as a philosopher, writer, teacher, historian, geologist and visionary. His home is a virtual showcase of history.
One of his more popular topics was the presence of the Klu Klux Klan in Wapakoneta.
Bowsher said many people have downplayed the effect of the Klan in the area. Bowsher said its place in local history is important on both sides of the fence.
“Many people say it didn’t even exist,” Bowsher said, while showing different Klan artifacts from Wapakoneta and the surrounding area.
Bowsher said he found there to be other problems, too. As a youngster, his eclectic tastes and a supportive father led him all over the country seeking historical information from different people. His searches eventually led him to the possession of a desk that was in the office of KKK headquarters in Wapakoneta.
He eventually was able to get a locked drawer open, and amazingly found registrations for local KKK members. Bowsher went on a hunt, riding his bicycle around town searching for different members. He would often ask them why they joined. It was through projects like this as a young boy that he learned to look into everything.
“I went to one guy who’s name I had found,” Bowsher said. “I told him what I had found. He did not deny it.”
However, the man then gave Bowsher the rest of the interesting story. The man had flat out refused the Klans offer to join or make a $5 freewill donation to the group. Soon after, the same man’s Belgian workhorse came up dead. When a donation still wasn’t forthcoming, his barn was burnt down. The man soon got the picture and donated his $5.
“You have to know who the card carriers were,” Bowsher said. “There is no way to tell who was extorted.”
Bowsher said the key is having an open mind and not having a preconceived notion.
“When discussing anything, you have to have balance,” Bowsher said. “People have to analyze. I look at every person I talk to as an individual. Sometimes people have the simplest reasons for doing things, like wanting to please their parents. You have to exercise free will. When is the last time you used it?”
Bowsher felt sometimes it is best just to apologize for the past and move on. He felt receiving this award was a sign of doing just that.
“We can admit the way we were,” Bowsher said. “And we can apologize we are not that way now. I tell people if you are black now, you can be black and come here and not be persecuted, just bored to death.”
Bowsher said when someone apologizes for a generation, it makes it over.
“Its the hardest thing for people to do,” Bowsher said. “Apologizing relieves that pain. Its hard to admit dad was wrong.”
Bowsher said political correctness sometimes causes a big problem.
“I’m not big on political correctness,” Bowsher said. “PC (political correction) is an opportunity for people to still be racist. We can admit the way we were, and be thankful we are not that way now.”
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Shelby Higdon, a female college student, told a South Carolina news station that she’s been unable to get her medication because her Obamacare insurance plan has marked her as a man.
“When it was time to get my medicine, they told me that they couldn’t give it to me because on my insurance I was registered as a man,” Higdon told WLOS.
Higdon said that she had to sign off on her insurance forms after they were prepared, double-checking that she’d gotten all her information correct. The mix-up came after the fact and she’s had trouble getting it fixed.
“I called HealthCare.gov probably about 8 times,” Kris Higdon, Shelby’s mother, told WLOS. But although federal Obamacare workers said each time that they’d manually fixed the problem, the information was never communicated to Higdon’s insurance company, where Higdon continued to face the problem.
Though it would seem to be a simple change, the insurance company couldn’t correct Higdon’s gender either.
“They couldn’t fix it because they didn’t have the form or the authority to fix it because they got the information from the health care website to do it,” Shelby said.
HealthCare.gov is notorious for its problems communicating application information between the federal government and insurance companies, potentially a sticking point that made it so difficult for Higdon to straighten out the problem. (RELATED: Insurance Companies Struggle With ‘Duplicate Enrollments’ Left By HealthCare.gov Chaos)
Blue Cross Blue Shield told WLOS that they’d found the problem with Higdon’s insurance plan and fixed it.
[h/t RNC Research]
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Projects Being Implemented for Infrastructure in Kenya
- Trading: The Lamu Port and South Sudan Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) projects will open up a passageway for an increase of trade opportunities with Kenya’s northern neighbors, South Sudan and Ethiopia. The development of this project will lead to opportunities in construction of railroads, roads, airports, houses and utilities. Opportunities are expected in multiple areas of Kenya because of the LAPSSET project.
- Housing: The National Housing Corporation is using its principal agency status of implementing the government housing policy by putting a program in place to enable interested investors to recognize the current goal of building 150,000 housing units per year. Facilitating this project into action will create more openings for Kenyans and their living situation, allowing people to move up in the housing world, instead of staying in the same place for decades.
- Economy: The Kenya Airports Authority is in the midst of building a shopping mall, a hotel, a business zone and a commercial passenger terminal at JKIA. This terminal would provide successful bidding companies with equipment and materials for this improvement to Kenya’s Airport. This development would most likely increase the flow of people through Kenya because of the improved infrastructure, pulling Kenya towards its goal of becoming an intra-regional hub for infrastructure.
- Telecommunications and Transportation: There is a $556 billion investment planned for infrastructure development in Kenya. The majority of this investment will focus on telecommunications and power generation infrastructure. There are also major road projects that are ongoing, one being the Nairobi Southern Bypass, which was appointed in 2012 and is now 40 percent complete. An estimated $5.14 billion has been set aside for road project investment in Kenya. Many industries are expected to benefit from this planned infrastructure, which include oil and gas, mining, agriculture and retail.
Through large investments like these, Kenya will soon become the center for trade in Africa because of its resources, as well as potential investors that are willing to contribute to the growing infrastructure in Kenya. However, delays and an increase in completion cost may take place as a result of legal issues. Limitations on the type of projects international firms can get involved in have been enacted because of legislative changes to the process. Before these restrictions can be addressed, global firms will have to form local partnerships in order for infrastructure projects in Kenya to be accepted. Once these obstacles are overcome, Kenya will hopefully become a center for trade for people throughout the continent of Africa.
– Megan Maxwell
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Standards and Regulations
Air Quality Standards and Regulations nationally and internationally.
Air Quality Standards
Dust has a significant effect on the health, comfort and safety of workers and machines in mining, quarrying, construction and other adjacent industries worldwide. General working activities generate hazardous and harmful airborne particulates and gases.
Governments and working bodies have introduced standards of air quality to be maintained. These standards focus on cabin air quality to define design, performance, maintenance, operation and testing methods. These standards and regulations include the new international ISO 23875 standard released in 2021 and the Australian RS20, emphasising the air quality inside operator cabins.
Read below for further information on more cabin air quality standards.
The new ISO 23875 standard places a greater emphasis on the air quality inside the cabin than has been previously addressed.
BreatheSafe has always focused on air quality
One of the latest developments in regulations is ISO 23875 for the mining industry. BreatheSafe systems meets and exceeds this standards with our new INPRESS TS.
There are 5 performance requirements in ISO 23875
- Maximum sustained CO2 levels
- Maximum respirable particulate matter
- Speed of particulate matter filtration
- Minimum sustained pressurisation is 20Pa
- Maximum sustained pressursation is 200Pa
Dust control in Queensland surface mines.
Generally conventional HVAC systems are not adequate to handle high volumes of dust for long periods of time.
It is also likely that standard cabin filters do not sufficiently protect operators from airborne mine dust.
RS20 gives consideration to:
- Filtered air with minimum H13 HEPA filters
- Maintain pressurised cabin at minimum 20Pa
- Continuous monitoring of pressure with auto alarms for events
- Removing dust brought in by operators and use through return air filters and HEPA vacuum systems, with minumum H13 filters
- Ensure effective cabin sealing
- Design of operator cabin for ease of visibility to lessen need to exit vehicle
- Means of ensuring cabin doors remain closed, such as self-closing cabin doors.
- Covering seats in mobile plant with less porous materials to minimise the harbouring of dust.
- Design the cabin to minimise potential for dust accumulations. Position blowers / vents / outlets such that dust is not blown around the cabin (eg from floors).
- Shrouding to minimize latent dust build up above cabin doors
Earth-moving machinery operator enclosure environment for HVAC.
Prior to the publication of ISO 23875, ISO/TC 127 (ISO Technical Committee 127 – Earthmoving Machinery), had published a standard series which also covered some of the same subject matter.
The performance requirements in ISO 10263
- Maintaining 50 to 200 Pascals
- Fresh airflow requirement of more than 43m3/hr
- 96% efficiency of external air filter
- Heating system with windscreen defrosting features
- Focus on airflow vs CO2
Agricultural tractors and self-propelled sprayers – protection of the operator against hazardous substances
High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA) Classification, performance testing, marking
High efficiency filters and filter media for removing particles from air: Classification, performance, testing and marking
Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments – General control
Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Biocontamination control
For further information on complying with standards and regulations,
contact us today!
*This page provides an overview of regulations and should not be used as the only source of information.
Please contact us for further information or follow the links to learn more about complying with standards, regulations and guidelines in your area*
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Same-sex marriage should be legal
In light of the recent victories of the LGBT rights movement in the U.N. Petition supported by almost 70 countries, including the entire E.U. and the United States, and the decriminalization of homosexuality in India, it is time now to examine the next step towards granting this minority equal rights.
With only 7 countries and 6 states from the U.S. permitting same-sex marriage and another 20 or so permitting civil unions, this issue is far from resolved.
Proposition believes marriage, not just civil partnerships, not just decriminalization, is a human right which is being denied to the LGBT community. We acknowledge that it is hard to expect many countries that criminalize LGBT behavior, some even as a capital offense, to make the huge leap towards legalizing same sex marriage, but we believe this should be end goal in these countries.
You can also add to the debate by leaving your comment at the end of the page.
To not legalize same-sex marriage is to further perpetuate the problem of minority discrimination that has stained human history. Both of our countries share examples of governments institutionalizing hate and discrimination by enacting laws and decrees upon its minority citizens in various forms that aim to limit and instill inferiority in citizens of minority groups such as Jim and Jane Crow laws and the apartheid [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws]]. Once this feeling of inferiority enters the psychology of minorities, a lack of self worth leads to less economic and social prosperity as well as a denial of one's own identity as they are barraged with the message that they are lesser .[[ http://books.google.com/books?id=CdFfnaGqsMYC&lpg=PP1&ots=zPLrWifLFt&dq=Post-slave%20Psychology&pg=PT27#v=onepage&q=&f=false%5D%5D
The time is always now to end this vicious pattern of discrimination against homosexuals citizens. To legalize same sex marriage is to award the right of marriage to every citizen and having citizens be viewed as equals in the eyes of the government. While same-sex marriage is illegal, anti-gay legislation is easily disguised when laws only pertain to married persons, as was the case of Mary Coughlan's amendment in Ireland [[http://www.rte.ie/news/2004/0311/gay.html]]. Once it is made legal, government attempts to undercut the rights of same-sex couples will be transparent, and thus more easily dealt with.
Every argument raised by the proposition has a practical element to it, none more so than their first charge - that current legislation is minority discrimination. The crucial question that needs to be asked of the proposition is this: What changes will actually occur if same-sex marriages are legalized? It is simply not sufficient to say 'the time is always now to bring about such change'. For this reason it seems peculiar that the debate has been set in 'all countries', including those who have condemned 'active' homosexuals to death, and so we will limit our discussion, at present, to those countries where same-sex marriages are a political possibility.
First and foremost, the opposition recognizes that this debate is not about the 'rightness' or 'wrongness' of homosexuality. As our positive case substantiates below, there exists reasonable disagreement as to whether or not homosexuality is morally acceptable.
Second, we challenge the proposition to show us that a refusal to grant homosexuals the right to marry is in any way comparable to Apartheid legislation or the Jim Crow laws which both limited not only the occasional 'social' right, but a broad swathe of socio-economic rights relating to education, association, public facilities, employment, political emancipation, and so on. Any psychological and socio-economic consequences that resulted from these laws are entirely and absolutely incomparable to the non-legalizing of same-sex marriages; these laws were designed to control resource allocation and thus impair the prosperity and growth of a people, not to 'safeguard' a particular cultural institution. The cases are categorically different. Interestingly, the only serious social science studies of the demand for same-sex marriage (based on the a variety of countries as well as specific states in the USA) shows that such demand seems fairly small [[Gallagher & Baker: 2006]]. It seems unlikely to us that this rather small issue is having profound sociological, psychological and economic effects on people's lives.
Finally, while we concede that ideologically driven legislators will often find ways in which to manipulate legislation to damage the interests of others, we feel we should consider the issue realistically. In most cases homophobic legislators will only feel strongly that homosexuals should not 'impose' on their personal cultural sphere by actually marrying. Thus, we believe, the majority of legislators are not going to actively snipe homosexuals over and above that which is required to keep them 'away' from marriage. It is quite unclear from proposition's argument how they feel legislators might actually try to undercut homosexuals' rights, and citing one scandalous piece of legislation (that can itself be openly debated as either homophobic or not) is simply not sufficient.
Indeed, we feel that homophobic legislators might be even more tempted to actively remove the rights of homosexuals in marriages if they feel that they have been given no choice in the matter.
Generating buy-in from legislators and citizens alike will be a central argument in our substantive case.
Importance of Government
Some arguments against gay marriage hold that they are merely unnecessary: same-sex couples can live as they please without social or legal recognition. But this argument inadequately addresses the social position of same-sex couples. The onus falls upon individuals to create situations of equality, but institutional barriers provided by the government discourage citizen action as it feels like an exercise in futility. The "you're on your own" attitude 1) makes gay unions seem like merely a sexual "choice", unwittingly supporting anti-gay propaganda that claims that homosexuality is "only a choice", 2) forces same-sex couples to constantly explain their relationship and makes it difficult for them to even refer to their relationship as a de facto marriage, because there is no cultural norm or reference for a same-sex marriage 3) makes same-sex couples feel disenfranchised and less willing to participate socially.
The government displeases citizens whenever it grants rights to a group that is seen as an "other," but the discomfort of some citizens is not reason enough to deny people any of the rights of membership of a society.
It is interesting how little time proposition has committed to the question of Government obligation and democracy, because we feel that this is a crucial issue in this debate.
The proposition has a very simple line on Governmental obligations - a Government should maximize equality at the cost of partisan groups' feelings. This is interesting not least because Governments, in all parts of the world, almost never behave this way (take redistributive programs for example - the equality of income is hardly tampered with by Government). One of the reasons they do not behave this way is that in democracies we do grant some value to the interests and opinions of the majority, even if we try to control the 'rabid-ness' of these interests and opinions. Similarly, we also try to make Governmental decisions that produce acceptable utilitarian outputs.
If it is the case that the decision to legalize same-sex marriages is actually only margianally beneficial in a small number of cases but there are costs to the "homosexual equality" project as well as harms to social, cultural and religious groups, we wonder about the legitimacy of legalizing same sex marriage.
Proposition's argument about the 'importance of government' does not present ANY evidence for the harms they claim gay persons routinely and widely suffer, like the claim that 'same-sex couples feel disenfranchised and less willing to participate socially' or the more hilarious suggestion that existential angst consume gay pesons who do not know how to 'explain their relationship' (try the commonly used hetero- and homo-sexual term 'partner'?). It is tempting to guess that these claims stem from a conservative, homophobic camp (no pun intended), not a liberal one! We would happily concede these harms if Team USA can produce solid evidence of gay persons hiding in their houses, or of would-be socialites unwillling to 'participate socially'. Or evidence of the apparently huuuuuuuge burden suffered around the dinner table when Jim declares that Tom is his 'life partner' rather than his 'husband'. For now, these harms are mere parternalistic - patronising, even - assertions on *behalf* of the gay community.
Expanding the Right to Marry Serves the State
It must be understood that marriage is an instrument toward subsequent rights and interactions with the state that is being denied to a group. The state perceives that it has some benefit from creating marriage as a legal institution, and it does, although not to the same degree that those who engage in marriage receive benefits.
Marriage decreases legal ambiguity for individuals in a society, and lessens the burden upon the state to clarify ambiguities that result. Marriages are a mechanism to clarify next of kin, responsibilities toward children, the people who are impacted by a legal will upon the death of a spouse, and many other interactions that individuals have between themselves, each other, and the state. [[http://articles.latimes.com/2008/may/22/opinion/oew-davidson-lavy22]] Absent that, the legal system would be strained beyond belief in an effort to untangle the messes that would be the result of having no legal recognition of marriage. Legalizing same-sex marriage will lessen this burden further, but it is a secondary concern when facing the rights and freedoms of the individuals in question.
Proposition's primary claim here falls because it is both and exercise in hyperbole and is simply irrelevant.
The proposition talks of marriage being crucial to the legal system, and that without marriage we would be 'strained beyond belief' trying to 'untagle the messes' that would arise. Of course this hyperbole, not in any way reflected by their source (check it if you don't believe us!) is (1) false and (2) general to all marriages, not specifically homosexual ones. Considering that only around 1% of the US population is openly homosexual [[http://www.adherents.com/adh_dem.html]] (and let's face it, that isn't going to increase very much if we control for 'closet' homosexuals) we see that legalizing homosexual marriages will have a tiny impact on the state's burden. This point is simply unsubstantiated and irrelevant.
It is almost laughable to read and re-read the proposition's serious (?!) contention that "Marriages are a mechanism to clarify next of kin, responsibilities toward children, the people who are impacted by a legal will upon the death of a spouse, and many other interactions that individuals have between themselves," Does a gay person in a civil union - or in a one night stand, for that matter - really not know who his or her next-of-kin is?! Does a dad need to be married to another man to know his legal (and social) parental responsibilities in relation to his kids from a previous relationship?! These arguments fall far short of constituting an independent reason to legalise same-sex marriage.
Besides, many of the potential complications that are legitimate (e.g. one man living with another - his partner - over a lifetime, without marriage recognition) can be dealt with through other legal instruments, so same-sex marriage is not essential. The Civil Unions regime in the UK, for example, distribute *identitcal* beneifts on partners. Similarly, in South Africa, both gay and straight couples can choose either civil unions or marriage - there is no difference, other than symbolism, in the legal consequences.
We conclude, then, that the legal regimes which proposition imagine to be at stake in this debate, are not at stake. This leg of their case falls flat.
More than just gay rights
The transgender and intersex communities are often legislated into confusing situations because of mandates for opposite-sex marriage. Depending on how "sex" is legislated in a particular area, these individuals are arbitrarily prevented from marriage with long-term partners who may or may not be intersexed, gay, or transgendered themselves. Since "[t]here is no one biological parameter that clearly defines sex," [[http://www.isna.org/legal]], these individuals are often forced to choose a gender identity that does not reflect their biological or emotional reality.
In the transgender community in Australia, the law, previous to Feb. 2003, allowed transgender individuals to recognize themselves as the gender they had become except for in marriage. In the famous case of Kevin and Jennifer, it was found to be unconstitutional to assign someone's gender based upon their designated gender at the time of their birth. [[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/family_ct/2003/94.html]] Due to the Marriage Act of 1961, legal marriage is still held to be only between a "man and a woman". This means that in Australia Post-operative transgendered persons may marry persons of the opposite gender to their current gender. Pre-operative transgendered persons are not allowed marriage and those who change their gender after marriage are still in a legal gray area. We see that this puts undue stress on transgendered persons to obtain very expensive surgery to change their gender if they wish to have a legally recognized marriage.
Intersexed individuals are those persons whose sexual identity is ambiguous in relation to legal requirements either because their genitalia/gonads are doubly gendered or missing or because they have mixed primary or secondary sexual characteristics. Since at least 1 in 1000 births show intersex characteristics [[http://www.isna.org/faq/frequency]], this is a problem affecting significant portions of any society. Mandating gender-difference for marriage creates significant problems for these people. in those places of the world where marriage is seen as paramount, parents or doctors may perform surgery to "normalize" the appearance of genitalia. This is estimated to be performed for one to two out of every 1000 live births. The size of one's clitoris or penis should not be the basis for a medical procedure without the will of the patient. Columbia has reflected this in their decision to prevent such surgeries from occurring [[http://www.isna.org/node/97]]. The fear of not being able to marry off a child often leads to operations which are "inadequate" and need to be repeated later in life. [[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CYD/is_13_36/ai_76877656/]]
The argument labelled 'more than just gay rights' is a complete red herring in this debate, and therefore should be ignored as a reason to legalise same-sex marriage.
Yes, there is a lot of confusion around transgendered, and intersexed, persons' rights, identities and social status, and entitlements as human beings. We concede all of that.
But what does that have to do with the debate at hand?
The only rational link we can impute to the proposition team - since it is unclear from their superflouous entry - is the embedded (but, unhelpfully unexpressed) claim that same-sex marriage should be legalised in order to help improve the social and legal status of the transgender and intersex communities.
But that is nonsense! For one thing, if same-sex marriage is legalised, we will still - rightly or wrongly - not be accomodating persons who do not fit the straight-gay dichotomy, or the male-female one, with the gay and heterosexual marriage regimes that would then be on the statute books. Proposition must show evidence, or at least argue why it is *likely* that, once same-sex marriage is legalised, it will be a mere small step towards marriage regimes that allow for other genders and sexualities to also be accomodated.
At any rate, at best this argument is an extremely weak tangential *potential* benefit for a very small minority - transgendered and intersexed persons - and so it is a weak independent reason for legalising same-sex marriage.
We reject it as an unconvincing, and unsubstantiated, red herring.
Inadequacy of Alternative Categories
Opponents to same-sex marriage often point to similar institutions, such as civil unions or domestic partnerships, and claim that those should be satisfactory for same-sex couples who wish to receive some rights from the state when entering a marriage-like relationship. However, civil unions and domestic partnerships rarely have rights on par with marriage, and reinforce that same-sex couples are second class citizens. Civil unions are "neither universally recognized nor understood" [[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/07/opinion/7thu3.html?pagewanted=print]] and though they offer some of the practical advantages of marriages, the fact that the unions of gay people must have a different name still segregates them socially and symbolically.
In many countries, certain rights are tied to the recognition of marriage. Often, same-sex couples cannot sponsor foreign spouses for green cards [[http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-04-15/gay-lovers-in-exile/]]. In the U.S., they lose the tax benefit of marriage as a status when filing taxes and losing significant amounts of money each year, in effect being fined for having a same-sex partner rather than engaging in heterosexual marriage [[http://www.tressugar.com/2882164]]. Adoption and custody rights are often made more complicated by the restriction on same-sex marriage. While married couples can adopt and convey custody to their partner when they die, same-sex couples find this impossible in many countries, from Italy to Chile. Their children are removed from their homes because, since they are denied marriage rights, they have no legal guardianship. These deficiencies in the provision or rights to same-sex couples are only scratching the surface of what is denied to same-sex couples.
Proposition's argument is mistaken on a number of grounds.
First, civil unions are not inherently different in the rights and burdens they distribute, compared to marriage. This is contingent on the civil union legislation of a particular country. Civil partnerships in the UK and in South Africa, for example, distribute the same benefits and duties as do marriage. So it is perfectly possible to design parallel legal structures to those of marriage. This part of proposition's case is factually false.
Second, it is also false to suggest that questions around custody, and the like, cannot be equittably dealt with between straight couples and gay gouples unless all couples enter into marriage regimes. For one thing, a lot of administrative and social barriers to custody persist EVEN WHEN marriage is extended to gay persons. Gay couples in South Africa, including married ones, sometimes struggle to access parental rights due to administrative and social hurdles. This evidences the fact that same-sex marriage is NOT the panacea for substantive equality. Conversely, gay persons' right to adopt children, by way of example, was legally recognised before gay marriage was legalised in South Africa. This speaks to the fact that each of these social policy issues can be, and tend to be, independently debated and decided. Proposition is, without evidence, assuming that there is a necessary connection between them. Evidence of widespread cases in which these battles are won AS A PACKAGE have not been presented.
Finally, and perhaps most seriously, is the worry that gay persons are excluded from the symbolism that constitutes the label 'marriage'. We do not think that the symbolism constitutes a serious enough harm - it is the associated legal benefits of the institution of marriage that is a more important, tangible issue of harm. And, as we have argued, these associated benefits CAN be enjoyed under others bits of legislation. The right to the symbolic value of the word 'marriage' is not self-evident, and neither is the symbolism itself obvious to us - perhaps Team USA would like to explain what's in a word?!
Lack of legal category reinforces negative stereotypes
By denying LGBT couples the right to marry, the stigma of the unfaithful gay person is reinforced in a vicious cycle: "Gays can't marry because they always fool around, and because they always fool around, they shouldn't need marriage." This is despite much evidence (and common sense) to the contrary. [[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/02/27/MNG1H59R5Q1.DTL]] [[Garnets, Linda D.; Douglas C. Kimmel (1993). Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experiences. Columbia University Press]]
Much of the fervor against same-sex marriage relates to same-sex adoption. Stereotypes of gay people as influencing youth or recruiting them towards a gay lifestyle have long been part of the propaganda of the anti-gay movement. [[http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2008/nov/12/gay-adoption]] Marriage will ensure adoption rights for same-sex couples, and the myths will be debunked as the practice becomes more common. An excellent example is that of homosexuals serving in the military; where it was thought that homosexuals would not make good soldiers, today they serve with distinction in dozens of militaries across the world.
Without the prospect of legal marriage, society also reentrenches itself in negative stereotypes of LGBT people as hypersexual, not interested in anything social that is not sexual. Marriage allows a couple that is sexually committed to have a social category that encompasses more than their sexual intimacy. LGBT indivuals are denied this right, and are forced to categorize their de facto spouse as a mere "partner". Marriage is important towards the ultimate goal of equality not merely because it bestows equal rights but because it forces traditional mindsets to reevaluate the nature of homosexual relationships.
This argument is entirely unsubstantiated. It rests on two rather vacuous assumptions: First, that at present there exists a wide spread belief that homosexuals are hypersexual, infidelious and promiscuous, and second, that this is, in no small part, due to their not being able to marry. While we do concede that there are many negative attitudes towards homosexuals, we believe, as is reflected in our positive matter, that these attitudes relate far more to cultural, religious and social spheres (ie, 'gay people are simply wrong because God says so'), and not to stereotypes about 'how gays actually are'.
The proposition presents no evidence for their first assumption other than an article in the guardian where two thirds of surveyed people believe that homosexuals should not be allowed to adopt children. But the very article they cite does not speak to the issues the proposition raises. The participants in the survey suggest that people believe homosexuals provide imbalanced parental role models and violate traditional family paradigms. As wrong as these opinions may be, they are a far cry from claims that homosexuals lure youths into homosexuality or participate in unsavoury sexual behaviour. Marriage will almost certainly not change the adoptions rights of couples, as the very article they cite suggests that there exists no current problem in relation to adoption agencies or legislation (outside of Catholic adoption agencies who, being private institutions, would not be compelled to change their position anyway). A failure to meaningfully change the already unproblematic status quo means this point is moot.
The second assumption is that the alleged wide spread beliefs that homosexuals are hypersexual, infidelious and promiscuous have formed because they cannot marry. This is somewhat circular considering the proposition's earlier claim that people think "gays can't marry because they always fool around", and we find no compelling source for these opinions (the vicious cycle has to start somehow...) We contend that these opinions simply don't exist, and even if they did, would relate far more to hundreds of years of *active* discrimination (sending Oscar Wilde to jail for homosexuality) and social, cultural and religious 'norms' than to same-sex marriages.
Governments should not discourage people from their identity
When homosexual individuals are denied equal rights of marriage as heterosexual individuals, they are given a choice between their identity and their desires for family and companionship, as well as legal benefits. The moment when a homosexual individual, more often than not a vulnerable and confused teenager, realizes his/her sexuality is a fragile one. They are split between a choice, come to terms with their sexuality, a part of their identity, and follow the 'gay lifestyle.' Or deny it, and continue living a facade as a heterosexual man/woman. The sad truth is, many people choose the second, to the harm of themselves, their future spouses, their children and all those who care about their happiness.
The question is, why? Why do these people choose to deny their homosexual desires? Because the society puts too high a price on coming out of the closet. You faced by ridicule and stigma amongst your peers, which while shameful, is still something people can endure. The higher price you pay is being forced to give up your dreams of a family. Its a popular joke that women start planning out their weddings when they are 10, imagine 5 years later being asked to sacrifice that wedding just to accept your own identity as a lesbian? Knowing you will be denied marriage, you have to choose to sacrifice all you dreamed about for your traditional wedding, for your quaint family life, your children, and settle instead for 'the gay lifestyle' of multiple sex partners, a bachelor's pad, and disease that society wrongfully tells you is the inevitable fate for homosexual.This dichotomy is false, and no one should feel forced to choose between these options.
This is possibly why we see so many stories of married men and women finally coming out at 50 and leaving in their wake broken families; or the champions of the anti-gay movement, the Ex-gays, who went through conversion therapy and turned straight so they could have a family; or even unsatisfied broken individuals who even until their death live an unfulfilling lie.
Considering the proposition's affirmation of the rights of homosexuals, this argument is perplexingly homophobic.
Proposition presupposes a number of things about homosexuals. Number one, it presupposes the very attitude that proposition says they want to remove from society - the belief that homosexuality is somehow different from heterosexuality. Many homosexuals simply do not face the 'moral' and 'sociological' quandries that proposition believes they do. In many cases homosexuals never even make a choice about being part of the heterosexual community or the homosexual community (assuming that such black and white social groups even exist - they really don't).
Next, it presupposes that homosexuals end up, with a greater frequency than heterosexuals, living sexually debauched lives, and that this greater frequency is somehow the result of their not being able to legally marry.
Both of these points are flat out wrong - homosexuals are just as capable as heterosexuals of being faithful or of being promiscuous, and many married couples still experiment with infidelity [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsey_Reports#cite_note-15]].
The very notion that the status quo forces homosexuals into apparently awful 'the gay lifestyle' not only belies proposition's knowledge of the subject, but is, as we will now show, wrong.
Proposition assumes that the reason homosexuals may be afraid to come out is inherently related to their 'legal' losses, and not to the way in which society 'perceives' them. We feel this is ludicrous. Coming out as a homosexual in no way 'legally' precludes you from marriage - you can still marry so long as you marry heterosexually. It is not the case that the moment you say 'I'm gay' the state department (or home affairs) ticks you off on the 'big bad list of homosexuals'. Considering this, it seems a non sequitur to argue that homosexuals stay 'closeted' because of the legal losses they face. Much more important, we would argue, is the social ridicule they face, and this social ridicule is likely to worsen if homosexual marriage is prematurely legalized.
In essence, proposition's argument - which is again not backed up with evidence (show us proof of 'the gay lifestyle' of multiple sex partners, a bachelor's pad, and disease that society wrongfully tells you is the inevitable fate for homosexual) - does two things for our opposition case: first, it showcases how deep homophobia can run, such that even a group advocating the legalisation of same-sex marriage may persist with homophobic attitudes way after same-sex marriage is legally allowed ; and, second, related to this, the complex tissue of social harms that gay persons do suffer - such as the baselss stereotyping indulged in by Team USA - cannot be dealt a fatal blow with legalising same-sex marriage; it lies elsewhere, such as education.
This means that Team USA rightly identifies a problem: social stigma suffered by gay persons. But prescribe a medicine that will not make the headache go away, as the homophobic spirit of their own case inadvertently exhibits.
Rebuttal: This is Not a Small Debate
Opposition has already decided this debate is a "small" one, analogous to whether you like "banana on pizza" or not. Therefore, while same-sex marriage may sometimes be desirable, it is non-necessary and mostly insignificant.
This falls into the challenge that was initiated from the opposition which was to point out how "socio-economic rights relating to education, association, public facilities, employment, political emancipation" are being impaired within the status quo.
In the status quo, we see that gay persons do face discrimination: In 29 states of the US, citizens can and do get legally fired for being gay or lesbian [[http://socialistworker.org/2009/08/11/lgbt-equality-on-the-job]] and in other countries such as Turkey [[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/gay-referee-gets-red-card-in-turkey-1718056.html]] which shows that LGBT citizens' employment is limited.
Schools do not protect gay students from harassment, abuse or threats from other students [[http://www.newsday.com/nyclu-says-school-didn-t-protect-gay-teen-1.1379784]].
Gay bars and institutions are subject to unruly and unregulated raids which threatens LGBTQ persons' right to congregate peacefully with like minds without apprehension
Gay Parades are banned in countries and cities such as Moscow which removes any sort of right of protest [[http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid107690.asp]]. LGBTQ people face much social discrimination.
The opposition attacked our opening analogies: of course, all analogies must have some dis-analogous part, and surely the scope of the examples of Jim Crow and apartheid do not make a one-for-one correspondence to the denial of same-sex marriage. The importance of them is to show that when a group, be it a minority or a majority, is deliberately denied symbolic equality, they are made into an ideological minority, they feel the pain of undeserved mistreatment, and they do not feel that is it a "small" debate.
Again proposition misses the point of the debate. The opposition has never once claimed that homosexuals are *not* discriminated against at present.
Our claims were:
(1) The specific issue of the right to marry is a small and tangential one in comparison to Apartheid or the Jim Crow laws.
(2) Bringing about formal equality by using top-down legislation is not the way to encourage substantive equality. Substantive equality relates to, but is not limited to, all those things proposition has just mentioned - equal treatment from the police, from fellow citizens, and from employers.
(3) That it is incumbent upon proposition to show that allowing access to same-sex marriage would have substantial meaningful benefits for homosexuals.
Further, proposition persists in failing to pry apart concerns by gay persons that fall outside the debate, but which are legitimate. For example, raiding gay bars or limiting gay persons' employment rights, etc., are not relevant in this debate, so a mass of evidence about those discriminatory practises are impotent in this context.
We challenged Team USA to either show us a) why all of these gains that gay persons seek must be, and can only be, won as an irreducible * PACKAGE*, rather than won on an issue-by-issue basis; and/or b) why legalising same-sex marriage is a NECESSARY CONDITION for these other ills to disappear. Not only has this challenge been responded to with silence, but we in opposition have given positive evidence and argument to the contrary (see, again, for example, our entry on the backlash against gay persons which evidences the non-obvious link between same-sex marriage and more substantive equality concerns that gay persons rightly have - like, indeed, living in safe environments such as being able to frequent a pub without risk of becoming a hate crime victim)
So, the connection between same-sex marriage legalistion and these alleged wider social benefits for gay persons remains unproven.
Rebuttal: More than gay rights
The argument is extremely relevant. Depending on the artificiality of how gender is determined at birth for intersex people, how they self-identify may not conform with how they were "gendered". For many of these people being asked to declare a gender so as to judge their qualification for a opposite gendered marriage is unfair. With the legalization of same sex marriage, gender is no longer an element in the marital equation, therefore sparing intersexed and transgendered individuals the trouble of choosing and declaring a gender to get married.
This rebuttal misses our original counter-argument: Legalizing same-sex marriages simply creates a gay-straight dichotomy in marriage; it does not legalize 'ungendered' marriages. That is a different debate.
Indeed, Team USA's confusion about 'sex' and 'gender' issues is starkly revealed when they state in their rebuttal:
"With the legalization of same sex marriage, gender is no longer an element in the marital equation, therefore sparing intersexed and transgendered individuals the trouble of choosing and declaring a gender to get married."
- Gender has NEVER been 'an element in the marital equation'. 'Gender' is a social construction, while 'sex' is a biological category. Marriage debates are about which 'sex' groups can get married - males and females only? Or also same-sex couples? 'Gender' issues would speak to feminitity, masculinity and other behavioural identity types that overlay the physical body of a person. The crux of the social stigma, and legal battles, of intersexed and transgendered persons stem from wider societal prejudices around i) whether or not only two sex categories are ethically acceptable ('natural') and ii) what genders can be accepted, socially and legally, etc.
- but NONE OF THESE massive, and legitimate quandaries facing the transgenedered and intersexed communities are dependent on whether same-sex marriage is legal. [ For example, if same-sex marriage is legal, presumably, if proposition is right, "...the trouble of choosing and declaring a gender to get married" would be gone. WHY, if so, in the 7 test cases - i.e. the countries where same-sex marriage IS legal - do we NOT have marriage regimes for intersexed and intergendered persons who refuse to adopt the tired gender categories specified by the law? Clearly, these constitute real world counter-examples to proposition's argument. ]
This proposition argument therefore remains a jarring red herring and opposition remains surprised that proposition is persisting in trying to keep it a live issue. Surely not?
Rebuttal: What's in a Word... Everything!!
The opposition continually states that there are other legitimate legal and social measures that can be given to same-sex couples that need not be called "marriage". We don't believe that legally identical civil union still equals a marriage.
When you hear two people are married, there is certain socially conditioned imagery which comes to mind. Their level of commitment to one another, their love and respect, companionship, even married couple jokes. When you hear the that two people are each others legal partners, now what comes to mind? Oh they're gay. Nothing else. You don't picture them with children or a family. You don't think of their commitment to one another. You simply haven't grown up reading about or seeing 'civil partners' and lack a knowledgeable example to relate to. The images most ready-at-hand are stereotypical ones. The LGBT community is then given the burden of constructing a reference frame for this term used exclusively for them, and since most of their positive constructions will be ignored by those opposed to them, the reference frame will be constructed from a majority of negative stereotypes.
Furthermore, if the opposition truly believes that marriage is 'just a word' then what is the harm in calling it marriage? If the reason we deny same-sex couples the symbolic importance of a marriage is because of majority homophobic sentiment, we are condoning the existence of those sentiments. While governments cannot make people not homophobic any more than they can make them not gay (as they attempt to do in Iran with forced sex-change operations), the resistance to allowing same-sex couples to marry is significant because the resistance is based upon non-existent, biased harms, that marriage will be defiled, that gays will hurt children, etc.
Let's elaborate on this using an imaginative paradigm. If we lived in an majority anti-Semitic country that allowed Jewish couples the same formal rights in civil unions as in marriage, but did not allow Jewish unions to be called "marriages" on the basis that, in the majority view, their unions were somehow fundamentally different, it is not hard to see how this would be an anti-Semitic policy. If the government kowtows to the overweening bias of its citizens, it ultimately ends up supporting that bias, formalizing it, and giving it more power in society. The anti-Semites can then point to the legal statues and say, "See? Even here we see a difference between us and them, in the impartiality of the law."
The difference lies in the fact that no one tries to go from a marriage to the a legally identical civil union, but selected individuals can be forcibly directed away from a marriage. The opposition mentioned that South Africa allows for both Civil Unions and Marriage, we'd like to ask them how many decide to go for this 'identical' civil union over the marriage.
So, proposition does agree, after all, that there really are no substantive legal differences between marriage and civil unions, and that the principle difference between the two is a set of cultural and religious beliefs and associations.
We agree, firmly, that there are cultural and religious differences between civil unions and marriages. We disagree that these differences relate to 'levels of commitment' or 'strength of the family'. In fact, the principle difference in terms of association relates to religious and cultural values, whether or not people have been 'joined' in 'the eyes of God(s)'.
This symbolic value is tremendous to a great number people, and it is a symbolic value that is attached to the entire institution of marriage, not just to specific cases of marriage.
This opposition to same-sex marriage does not even have to be predicated on homophobia, but is often predicated simply on a resistance to altering religious and cultural conventions. The government is not condoning homophobia by respecting this cultural and religious preference.
Furthermore, proposition's case is based on a popular liberal assumption that there is widespread DEMAND for same-sex marriage *within* the gay community. If this were true, why have the uptake of marriages in countries like Canada, Spain and South Africa been so poor? In places like Canada, moreover, there was very little support within the gay community itself [[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/dec/07121708.html]] for same-sex marriage to be legalised in the first instance.
What these trends speak to, is not just the reality that no harm is PERCEIVED/FELT by most gay persons themselves, in relation to exclusion from the regime of marriage ... but it all also inadvertently exposes the fact that the fight to legalise same-sex marriage stems often from a parternalistic liberal assumption, as is committed to by Team USA in the adjacent rebuttal, that gay persons must be feeling aggrieved on the matter, and surely have a deep desire for inclusion. On the contrary, many gay persons do not recognise the marriage symbolism that proposition is waxing lyrical about, let alone going on mass protests fighting for inclusion.
So, given that the demand for same-sex marriage within the gay community itself is clearly elusive, and not widespread at all....the proposition's attempt to project a desire for inclusion onto the community, is based on crystall-ball gazing.
We conclude the following, here:
1. The symbolism attaching to marriage is not proven by proposition to be one that is universally accepted; 2. Harm cannot be imputed to the gay community when they themselves do not express widespread desire for inclusion; 3) Team USA's fight to include gay persons in the marriage regime, despite the lack of demonstrable demand, exposes the real driver of this proposition - straight liberal paternalism
Rebuttal: Democracy or Majoritarianism
A major portion of Opposition’s case rests on how problematic it is for a government to go against the wishes of the majority. But, if we look at the democracies of today, we see an ever-increasing trend towards more and more checks to prevent the tyranny of the majority that the opposition supports. Presidential Vetos, Judiciaries, and Constitutions, all provide checks against the majority rule. Most countries' constitutions explicitly forbid legislation that unfairly privileges a majority group, as seen in the enshrinement of equal rights in these documents.
Opposition argumentation seems to suggest that the government may only override the will of the majority in the most extreme circumstances (e.g. the slaughter of twins). A government may subvert the will of the majority when, if it did not act, demonstrable harms would result. We can see this happen throughout the history of human rights, be it anti-discrimination laws, affirmative action laws, hate crime laws, or any other.
The insinuation that government legislation for same-sex marriage would be an unfair imposition on the majority of dissenters only stands once government starts forcing its citizens to marry someone of the same sex. To quote opposition: "Liberalism is in essence the preference for self determination at the most personal level." This would seemingly make it clear than self determination at an individual level is the highest priority. Same sex marriage allows for self-determination within the LGBT community, without hindering the self-determination of those who oppose same sex marriage. They remain perfectly free to have a heterosexual marriage and not associate with anyone who hasn't got one.
All modern democracies exhibit majoritarianism. It is foolish to even suggest that they do not. We agree, on team opposition (and we said this earlier), that democracies are designed to 'check' the 'rabidness' of majoritarian sentiment (and we never claimed they shouldn't), but we affirm the reality that democracies exist to coordinate preferences, and that the preferences that matter most in marginal cases are those of the majority.
The debate at hand is just such a marginal case; a tiny minority demand formal equality in relation to a fairly tangential issue, and a large majority reject that on the grounds of cultural and religious preference. This is precisely the type of case in which the majority's preference stands.
We can even see this in a number of less tangential cases: redistributive practices are restricted by majority preferences for low taxes despite the substantial harm that non-redistributive capitalism can do to poorer citizens. Private medical aid systems are put in place despite minority groups who cannot afford them. Similarly, private insurance is encouraged in places where the majority can afford it but the minority is left to suffer. Abortion is outlawed in many places because the majority of people feel that the issue is not a transparent case of 'do what you want' - they are asked to govern for themselves and they do. Similarly many states outlaw stem cell research.
Is the proposition willing to attack these examples? Are they willing to say that the majority's well thought out and clearly expressed preference for a certain way of being should be trumped because it does some harm to a minority group? The 'harms', in this instance, at any rate, have not been proven to be of a magnitude that would justify disregard of majority preferences.
Finally, proposition would do well to recall that opposition is totally ok with legalising same-sex marriage where preferences of the society DO point in that direction - hence our opposition clash that we should all endorse, instead, moral and legal pluralism on the matter, within the international community, allowing each country's unique law-making processes to decide the matter -- as opposed to liberal fascism which can harm gay persons' SUBSTANTIVE long term interests...
Rebuttal: The road to true equality, legal or social??
The Opposition claims that laws should lag behind societal change, and should reflect the majority views. The proposition disagrees. We believe once we see a growing increase in societal support for the rights of a minority group, or even just an acknowledgment that their right are being violated, the law needs to take the first step. We see dramatic increase in support for same sex marriage over recent years[[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/30/AR2009043001640.html]], the law needs to reflect this, in order to not stifle this growing support.
We see that historically, legal rights precede social equality for unequal groups. If the government does not view LGBTQ persons as true equals, the pressure for the citizenry to is ultimately diminished. The women's rights and civil rights movements of the past counted as successes those laws which came even while they were still being challenged by the majority, such as laws ensuring suffrage or equal access to institutions. With the passage of time, we see that these were true successes as they became societal norms. The same stands true in this debate.
Although culture can create and change norms, creating a norm can affect culture. The burden of explaining your relationship was trivialized by opposition. But if every time you explain it, if the way you are forced to socially explain yourself revolves around your difference, your gayness, you feel forced to identify yourself as gay before anything else. This makes it more difficult to change the social paradigm that this difference is not bad.
Proposition agrees that changing social mindsets is of vital importance, but legal change is not just a stimulus for this social change, its a necessary precursor. Societal mindsets are fluid, a lot more so than laws. Additionally, mindsets vary, laws are universal. The problem this brings is that when faced with discrimination by the populous you have ways to deal with it, be it by ignoring it, tolerating it, or ideally fighting it. There are support groups, and their are courtrooms. Discrimination on grounds of sexuality is illegal in most liberal democracies [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory]] as are hate crimes, therefore allowing for legal recourse in case LGBTQ people are wronged. But when the law itself is the one wronging this people, they have no recourse. They cannot fight it, they cannot avoid it or ignore it, and it they try to take their right, they are criminals. This legal barrier is far greater than the social barriers, and needs to be lifted before the social barriers can be fought.
This rebuttal effectively argues that the state must act as a pathfinder for society, leading the way for its citizenry. As proposition has done here, this argument, elsewhere, is usually justified by example - sufferage for women, civil rights for non-whites...and, wallah, *all social change necessarily requires new legal norms as 'precursors'*.
We have two responses:
1) The examples used by proposition are disanalagous. While proposition believes that this isn't a problem ("all analogies are dis-analagous"), it is a significant problem when the analogies are county-miles apart.
Consider what is at stake in this debate: the positive right to access a predominantly religious, socially symbolic, institution.
Consider what was at stake when the state previously excluded women and blacks from certain processes (e.g. voting) or benefits (e.g. any/equittable social welfare): the negative right to not be excluded from socio-economic opportunities. The negative right to not be excluded from decision making processes.
First, we are talking about different levels of magnitude (in respect to the consequences of these rights). The right to deterimine who governs you, and thereby gain power to make a range of policy decisions that will affect the fundamental design and routine of society, etc. ... vs the right to call your same-sex partner 'husband' or 'wife'.
Second, we are talking about religious/cultural rights (marriage) versus secular rights (public institutional rights).
Third, we are talking about different TYPES of rights. It is not the state's role to 'pathfind' new positive rights for people to access (the right to X), but rather the state's role to ensure that, broadly speaking, people do not have their negative rights (the right to be free from X) unfairly imposed upon.
2) Pro-active state intervention is often *not* successful. Proposition cannot claim to have found causality by looking at cases in which the state intervened and 50 years later the world is a better place.
First, there is no meaningful counterfactual at play - how do we know that universal sufferage wasn't just around the corner anyway? Ending Apartheid did not require a pro-active state, just a state-segregated economy that could no longer function for a citizenry that was mostly excluded from it. Indeed, Apartheid came to a crashing end because of EXTRA-LEGAL measures, such as sanctions, civil disobedience, the contingent fact of certain leadership changes (e.g. De Klerk replacing P.W.Botha as last pre-democracy State President) etc. There were NO LEGAL CHANGES that were a 'precursor' to the enjoyment of substantive equality by black South Africans.
Even in proposition's own country, for example, there is proof that the law cannot fufill this function of social change effectively. Long after the passage of civil rights legislation that allowed for formal equality for African-Americans, African-Americans continue to experience large-scale social discrimination, in both seemingly-benign ways (e.g. racial profiling) and more violent, explicit ways (e.g. differential access to social welfare, as was evidenced in the wake of Katrina; higher likelihood of capital punishment; etc.)
By analogy, Team USA is indulging in profound idealism by imagining that legalising same-sex marriage is the sine qua non for 'the road to true equality' for gay persons. True equality stems from the successful engagement of false or unwarranted beliefs and attitudes towards gay persons by using instruments at the coal face of such discrimination e.g. promoting in-school diversity programmes and the like.
Legislating homo-tolerance through the oblique policy of legalising same-sex marriage has not worked in one country around the world.
The moral is clear: the law is a very poor instrument of social change.
The rest of proposition's argument relates to their misguided analysis of homosexual people's identities. Effectively they believe that because homosexuals constantly have to explain their relationship status to other people they are constantly confronted with their 'gayness', and this becomes the core of their identity.
We still believe that it is perfectly easy to express your relationship in a casual and uncomplicated way; if there is any issue that will cause social tension, it is not what you call the relationship, but the fact that you and your partner are of the same sex. If we DID legalise same-sex marriage, for example, why would there be less social tension at the table when Tom announces, "Meet my husband, Jim, everyone!"
Team USA is romaticising the impact that the label 'husband' will have in reducing or eliminating social challenges that same-sex partners face.
We think it will make zero difference - the driver of that tension is prejudice against same-sex love, not against same-sex couples being unmarried!!!!!
Let the battle be won first in the minds of people - let them come to accept that homosexuals are just like other people. Forcing homosexuals into the lives of those who resist same-sex marriage, by disregarding inculcated social, cultural and religious preferences, is a sure-fire way to force the fight for substantive equality one step back.
Rebuttal: Stereotypes- Propagation and impact.
The opposition must be living in a utopia county, which from their own evidence we know South Africa is not, to believe that hyper sexuality is not a common stereotype attributed to homosexuals. Furthermore if they bothered to read our evidence, they would see it indeed clearly single out this stereotype. [[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/02/27/MNG1H59R5Q1.DTL]]
We accept that the start of these stereotypes may be religious, but we believe even the most religious people need some evidence, however skewed to spread such hate. We believe by denying Same sex marriage this stereotype of the homosexual who is incapable of monogamy is only further propagated, since it puts an official stamp of approval from the government that there is something lacking in same sex relationships which does not qualify them for marriage.
Possibly more even damaging is the fact that stereotype don’t just affect others, they affect you too. While growing up in a social climate where you are getting this strong stereotypes about what you are supposed to be, and then you see the government making legislation denying you rights, and confirming this ideas, you start believing them to inevitable traits you must accept.
This is where the additional price added to homosexuality by the government comes in. Opposition is right that there are some individuals who do not face moral quandaries over their sexuality, but unfortunately these individuals are few and far between. We see significantly higher depression and suicide rates amongst homosexuals [[http://www.gayfamilysupport.com/gay-statistics.html]] No small cause of this is the dichotomy of choice homosexuals are faced with. Yes true, you can technically still married, but I don’t think there are too many cases of a openly gay man who can go up to a woman, tell her he’s gay and then ask her hand in marriage. That is a ridiculous justification by the opposition.
So when we take into account the damaging nature of these stereotypes that denying same sex marriage spread, and the probable consequences instead of “Technically possible” that the opposition gives us, we see that legalizing same sex marriage makes being homosexual a whole lot less depressing.
The critical question is whether legalizing same-sex marriage will help to stop the spread of stereotypes. We concede, on opposition, that there are some stereotypes that do exist. We reject the notion that their existence is predicated on whether or not same-sex marriages are legal.
What the proposition has given us is at best badly articulated pop-psychology. The public see that gay people can't be married and thus equate the 'problems' of non-married people to homosexuality. We see no evidence whatsoever for this psychological link other than a simple correlation - maybe; why is it that South Africans, who live with and know about married homosexuals, still have strong feelings of 'dislike' towards homosexuals?
The proposition then attempted to show that the fact that homosexuals*youths* are more likely to commit suicide relates to the moral quandries they face with regard to their sexual identity. Funnily enough, the statistics they cite all related to *youths* (age 12 - 21), not the age group that is likely to be in any way affected by the legalizing of same-sex marriage. At the same time, we believe that the quandaries faced by homosexuals are as a result of the way in which fellow citizens treat them. It is no surprise that young homosexuals commit suicide more frequently than young heterosexuals if we consider the fact that, as stated in the proposition's own evidence, homosexuals are treated very badly at schools [[http://www.gayfamilysupport.com/gay-statistics.html]].
WHY WOULD SAME-SEX MARRIAGE ELIMINATE these statistical realities at any rate? Proposition's linkage of the same-sex marriage debate with other issues faced by the gay community remains limp.
We understand that there is a religious mindset that dislikes same-sex marriage. At no point does the proposition tell you, however, that by permitting same-sex marriage we are not permitting people to believe that. We have contended that same-sex marriage has no social ill that spreads to the individual who wish to believe that same-sex marriage is wrong other than perhaps discomfort, and we have established that discomfort at a government policy is not basis enough to reject that government policy. In order for the opposition to make the arguments stand (specifically, their defense of public opinion and recognition of pluralism) as reasons to reject same-sex marriage, rather than just statements about how awesome diverse mindset and majority perceptions are, they would have had to demonstrate that the opinions of those who wish to be married to whichever gender they wish are less valid, in an absolute sense, than the opinions of the people who wish to stop them. Opposition has argued that there is no absolute way to determine how morally right same-sex marriage is. That also means there is no way to determine that it is wrong, either. So, since this debate isn’t about whether or not homosexuality is good or bad, and never has been, what has it truly been about?
This debate, first and foremost, has been a “should” debate, not a “can” debate. We have recognized that even as we hold a principle to be universal, its application can be anything but. However, taking a principled stance that something ought to be the case is the first step toward accepting that maybe, when the stars align, when governments come to their senses, when younger segments of the population finally get voting rights, then just maybe things can and will be the case. But “should” as a consideration of a principle always needs to precede “can,” since our ability to do something is not useful to consider until we address if it’s a good idea at all. We have done significant work to establish why same-sex marriage should be legal. When the world finally agrees with us on that issue, then we’ll gladly come back and argue whether or not we can make it legal.
Secondly, this debate has been about the identification of the groups impacted by the government’s insistence on keeping same-sex marriage illegal, and the groups who would be affected if that principle were to change. Not only are same-sex couples excluded in societies that choose to keep them outside of the institution of marriage by relegating them to domestic partnerships or civil unions, but the individuals themselves, absent their couple-hood, are impacted. A society that is not inclusive of all of the minority groups keeps them at a status of “less than” the groups which it has let take full advantage of their social and governmental practices. This translates to the reluctance of homosexual individuals to be freely open about who they are, since they live in a society that has implied there ought to be shame in such an abnormal lifestyle. The society tells them that if they were normal, then they would be getting married to someone of the opposite sex, not the unnatural same-sex partner with whom they might wish to make a life. This message from the top down (as opposition so likes to harp on) sends a message, reinforced by the extreme viewpoints who find solace in the fact that the people they look down upon aren’t fully-equal citizens, and ultimately devalues the individuals within society who already have existential crises when addressing the very large question of “what is my sexual orientation?”
Next, the impact upon those individuals who made it to the level of being secure in their sexual orientation, found someone else who is also secure in it, and are truly in love and want to make a life with each other find that they cannot do so to the extent that the “normal” heterosexual partners can. We have already established the significant amount of government provisions that are denied to homosexual domestic partners or those who are in civil unions. The only example provided by the opposition of rights being equivalent when comparing civil unions and marriage is in South Africa, where couples have the free choice to select either option, even if they are homosexual. Sure, if both groups have equal access to both institutions, have both of them. But when one group gets access to both (civil unions and marriage), but another group only gets access to one (just the civil union, sorry), we have seen no evidence of legitimate justification for governments essentially segregating access to rights and full-incorporation of minority citizens.
Lastly, the impact upon those individuals who oppose same-sex marriage, or homosexuality as a whole. Oh wait, there is no tangible effect legalizing same sex marriage has on them.
The opposition seems to have forgotten how they wish to frame their arguments. In one breath, they tell us they have a defense of the status quo in their line of argumentation. In another, they attempt to escape each status quo harm identified by the proposition by suggesting they can establish civil unions to be the mechanism by which homosexuals receive the full rights of government. Tricky, tricky. It would be nice to operate from a world in which we could just make things be the case as well, rather than find a more effective, yet possibly more difficult area of analysis from which to challenge the truth of arguments. But side opposition decided to evade the most damning arguments we have against the status quo by suggesting we should establish civil unions which have the same rights as marriage, which is nearly a concession of the entire side proposition line. The only difference is to not call it “marriage” in itself, which they cannot fundamentally find a reason not to do, since the only problem with calling it “marriage” they can identify is that people who hold religious mindsets against homosexuality will get mad. As was stated, most extensively in the propositions refutation to the opposition’s “pluralism is super awesome and we can’t make laws that violate it, except when killing babies is at stake” argument, we have identified many instances when governments expand access to rights and treat all citizens as equals, even, and perhaps especially, when groups within a society wouldn’t like it very much. The opposition provides nothing but logical inconsistency and their case is rife with trivializations, both of the plight of homosexual individuals and of the right to marry. Their claims that proposition is deceptively making a human rights issue out of same sex marriage, and that homosexual individuals have no legitimate expectation to be allowed to marry is clearly misinformed. Equal rights in marriage is a acknowledged human right a per the U.N. deceleration, and as such homosexual individuals have a legitimate expectation and right in any signatory country towards this.
The only tangible harm that has been identified by the opposition is backlash, and yet the only evidence they can provide of it states that “homophobic incidents” have not decreased (which never states they have increased), and that lobbying against homosexuals has increased. When these two potential results of same-sex marriage becoming legal are weighed against the harms that exist in the status quo, they do not translate into great importance. Backlash, while yes, important and worrisome, is less significant than how many rights are denied to homosexuals, how much of a social barrier to coming out homosexuals discern, and how much the government’s status quo position actually reinforces the hate groups which actively work against homosexuals.
We have taken a stance, as side proposition, towards equality, towards inclusion, and towards social harmony by the inclusion of minority groups. Fundamentally, even though we are different as people, we are still equal in regards to the relationships we have with our government. This stance might not be put into action by all world governments immediately, but we hold firmly to the idea that if we advocate for equality, we may actually see it materialize, even in unlikely scenarios. It is for these reasons that we beg to propose.
Outline of Opposition Clash: A defence of the status quo
Opposition's main contention is that a plurality of legal positions on same-sex marriage, among countries of the world, is acceptable.
We will argue that such plurality reflects the legitimacy of each country's unique socio-legal and political processes that have resulted in a particular country's policy in relation to same-sex marriage.
In other words, we do not deem the imposition of the analyses of proposition, on all governments of the world, acceptable.
Two key positive arguments which we will develop in support of our contention are as follows:
1. Since the ethical status of homosexuality remains undecided it is acceptable to have different moral and, consequently, legal, attitudes towards same-sex marriage. It is incumbent upon the proposition to show us that the ethical status of homosexuality is such that we must derive the 'right' to same-sex marriage.
2. Even if we were to accept, for sake of argument, that it is a moral truism that homosexuality is acceptable, and same-sex marriage derivatively desirable, the end-goal of persuading those who do not believe these claims, and thereby improving the lot of gay persons, can be massively harmed by a blanket moral demand by the United Nations, or team USA, that same-sex marriage be legalised immediately.
[ Of course, Team USA was unclear whether their case is purely normative - i.e. a wish that some universe one day be created in which same-sex marriage is legalised everywhere - or whether it is a more gutsy proposition that in *our* reality it is desirable, presently, for all (?) countries to legalise same-sex marriage. Their outline suggests a confusing attempt to cover all bases. Absent such clarity, opposition will reasonably intepret proposition to regard it desirable that tomorrow most countries grant same-sex couples the right to marry, and the rest take very meaningful steps towards doing so.]
It follows from the outline of our clash that we are NOT going to argue that homosexuality is immoral. We also do not intend to argue that same-sex marriage is inherently undesirable.
Our case is simply, in a sense, but critically so, a defence of legal and moral pluralism, and the importance of a gradual realisation of liberalism. We trust that this subtletly will not be mistranslated by Team USA.
Forcing change in liberal democracies is itself illiberal
The force of proposition's case is that it is a 'defense' of liberalism - allowing all people, no matter who they are, to access rights and freedoms. We clash with this directly, and contend that forcing legislative changes (that bring about marginal benefits to small numbers of society) on a country that is clearly averse to such changes is itself illiberal. And it is precisely those countries in which this debate falls - we are not contesting whether states that already have functioning systems for same-sex marriage should abandon those systems, but whether, in opposition's words " bob loblaw".
Liberalism is in essence the preference for self determination at the most personal level. But a state (and the body of laws encapsulated by that state) is merely an abstraction of personal preferences and wills, and hence, in a classical Rousseauian sense (the same beliefs on which US federalism is predicated), a liberal state's norms, practises, and legislation, must be defined from the bottom up rather than the top down. It is only through determining the rules that bind one at the level of the state that one can truly practise liberal self determination. If we accept proposition's proposal and force same-sex marriage upon (effectively) all societies, we are in fact incurring a great cost to the very liberal project we are intending to promote and protect, for an as yet unclear benefit. Remember, this is not, as proposition believes, the profound disenfranchising of homosexuals by removing their rights to access economic opportunities or public services and utilities.
The reality is that, at present, the majority of people in the 'contested' countries of this debate do in fact feel that same-sex marriage should not be allowed (that's why these countries are the interesting cases). Gallup polls as recent as 2009 show this to be true, and show that in those states which have forced through same-sex marriage legislation against the will of their population have not seen a rapid decrease in resistance to same-sex marriage [[http://www.gallup.com/poll/118378/majority-americans-contine-oppose-gay-marriage.aspx]]. We advocate precisely the attitude of California's Supreme Court who refused to overturn a public referendum (Prop 8) on homosexual marriages that came down in the negative; it is not the place of legislators or judges to impose, illiberally, legislation on the collective.
Good thing we don't make legislation based upon public opinion polls.
For example, like what is taught in our schools: http://www.gallup.com/poll/21814/Evolution-Creationism-Intelligent-Design.aspx
Moral and legal pluralism in relation to same-sex marriage is acceptable
First, it is important to recognise that the explanation for why different viewpoints exist on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal, is because different people, and governments, have different intuitions about whether or not homosexuality, per se, is acceptable. It is hard to imagine that this debate would be a live one in a world in which everyone agreed that homosexuality is acceptable. It would follow with moral ease that legal systems should, and would, reflect such moral consensus. So, even though the same-sex marriage debate is often articulated without reference to the messy background debate about homosexuality's moral status, Team South Africa want to yank that issue out of the closet, because it is the real driver of disagreement about same-sex marriage in the first place.
Two important questions stem from all of this. Firstly, can there be reasonable moral disagreement on the status of homosexuality? Secondly, what are the implications of question one for the debate on same-sex marriage?
We answer the first question in the affirmative. It follows from this that a legal plurality on same-sex marriage is acceptable also.
ON REASONABLE MORAL AND LEGAL DISAGREEMENT:
STEP 1] Many ethical views on homosexuality exist. On the conservative end of the spectrum, often informed by religious textual authority, is the view that homosexuality offends the prescriptions of God - or a God-alternative - and since God is the sole source of moral authority, homosexuality is wrong.
On the liberal end of the spectrum, of course, is the kind of view that informs Team USA's intuitions no doubt - that rationality, not God, is the source of morality. Since no rational justification can be proferred for distinguishing between gay persons and heterosexual persons in relation to the distribution of legal regimes like marriage, it is irrational, and therefore immoral, to deny gay persons' right to marry.
Between these end-points, a range of views exist between e.g. homosexuality is ok but marriage is an institution with a unique religious aetiology which should not extend to homosexuals.
These three positions - there are many others - constitute proof of opposition's contention that there is a plurality of moral views on homosexuality.
More importantly, it is ok that these diverse views exists. We cannot adjudicate between them. The liberal framework informing Team USA's view is not based in a universal moral truth that every person must accept in order to resist a charge of immorality. We challenge Team USA to justify why their moral framework should be granted the lofty status of 'moral objectivity'.
It is precisely because moral views reflect the socio-cultural norms within which they were developed that moral objectivity is elusive. Some like banana on pizza (or, indeed, inside them); others don't. Either way, we cannot adjudicate between these matters of taste. They are just that - differences in taste.
Similarly, moral intuitions are just reflections of moral taste between persons, and governments, around the world. While I may regard your moral taste as 'bad taste', I cannot give mine priority over yours in determining and ranking moral viewpoints on particular issues like homosexuality. Thefore, there can be, and indeed there is, reasonable disagreement on whether or not homosexuality is morally acceptable.
STEP 2] Given, therefore, that there is reasonable disagreement about the ethical status of homosexuality, it follows that legal pluralism on the issue is neither surprising nor unacceptable. After all, there is an important relationship between law and morality: the legitimacy of a legal system partly derives from reflecting the social mores of the citizens who are subject to that legal system. If there is a gap between the moral norms of a legal system, and the moral convictions of that society, then the legal system's credibility is at stake.
This is not to say that law making process is a crude matter of doing a headcount of the views of citizens. Not so. Of course if the views of a citizenship is beyond the pale, then a progressive legal system could challenge it. If, for example, 90% of a citizenry thought that twins should be killed, it would be hard to argue that a legal system should unthinkingly reflect this wish.
However, homosexuality is not a matter in respect of which ethical disagreements are so easily solved. The range of moral attitudes are not 'beyond the pale' but for the liberal one Team USA is sustaining. It is ok for a view that regards homosexuality as immoral to exist. If this is conceded - as it surely must be - then it is ok for a legal system in a country, through whatever the law-making processes are that exist in that country - to reflect this view in its policy (or not) on same-sex marriage.
It follows that moral and legal pluralism in relation to same-sex marriage is acceptable.
We do not reject the opposition's claim that conflicting ethical theories regarding homosexuality exist. We do however, reject the idea that government should also be conflicted between these ethics. Religious arguments against homosexuality have no place in government legislation, just like the bible's support for slavery or it's subjection of women no longer do. Similarly, while marriage may be religiously derived, it does not stand as a singularly religious institution today, and therefore it need not conform to religious principles. Civil marriages are perfectly legal, and popular, and have the exact same status and terminology as ones done in a religious setting. In fact, civil registration is necessary for marriage, the presence of a religious figure is not. Therefore a secular government has no choice but to regard homosexuality within a value ethics, not a religious ethics, and deem it such. By decriminalizing and providing safeguards against discrimination based on sexuality, most governments have already affirmed this. No moral ambiguity remains for purposes of legislation.
Furthermore, we find is ironic that the opposition would argue for plurality, while at the same time taking the stance that a majorities view should be allowed to ban a minorities rights. By allowing same sex marriage (but not forcing it upon heterosexual Christians like opposition seems to believe), the government allows for the plurality of action and accommodate both parties. By restricting this right, we are not being pluralistic, we are being majoritarian.
The opposition has yet to define one demonstrable harm that comes from the legality of same-sex marriage. Personal comfort levels and religious norms are violated constantly by legal mandate, but states stop short of encroaching on anyone's right to believe that these things are wrong, disgusting or sinful. The opposition misses the distinction between the public results of permitting same-sex marriage and the private impacts of the action. There are a multitude of opinions regarding relationships, but we leave private individuals to determine for themselves how to conduct their lives without government interference.
Recently, the High Court of Delhi in India overturned a century-and-a-half old anti-sodomy law, which not only shows governments can get out of the bedroom, but that progressive societies can change their minds about what was once ethically unacceptable. [[http://lobis.nic.in/dhc/APS/judgement/02-07-2009/APS02072009CW74552001.pdf]] Similarly, Lawrence v. Texas in 2003 overturned that state's anti-sodomy laws. [[http://www.apa.org/psyclaw/lawrence-v-texas.pdf]] In 2005, Fiji overturned its anti-sodomy laws in response to a conviction of two gay men. [[http://www.iglhrc.org/cgi-bin/iowa/article/takeaction/resourcecenter/366.html]] Also in 2005, on the grounds of the existing laws being discriminatory, a judge overturned the anti-sodomy laws of Hong Kong. [[http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2005/aug/05082406.html]] The Knesset of Israel, a state that literally aligns itself with a religious ideology, is considering making same-sex marriage legal, and even including within the legislation a clause of gender neutrality. [[http://www.ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=3320&MediaType=1&Category=24]] However, most Israelis still consider homosexuality an aberration. [[http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/33967/homosexuality_an_aberration_for_many_israelis]] We applaud the lawmaking body of a country that takes a stance for equal rights of all citizens, even if some, perhaps most of the citizens in question are displeased with the expansion of rights for a minority. The global trend has been an expansion of rights, and we see no clear reason not to take a firm stance and promote the rights expand further.
It creates a social backlash that damages substantive equality for homosexuals
As our clash-outline promised, a second substantive justification for not meddling intrusively with the status quo is that Team USA is, ironically, shooting itself in the liberal foot. The very aim of promoting the interests of gay persons will likely be harmed by this proposition.
We contend that substantive equality for homosexuality is more important than formal equality. Substantive equality is at risk here & so gives us yet another basis for siding with opposition.
Here is why.
The proposition's case is an attempt to grant homosexuals what might be called 'formal' equality' - nominally equal rights or sameness of treatment on the statute books. On team opposition we are far more interested in securing for homosexuals 'substantive' equality - broadly equal treatment with broadly equal consequences. While the two are not necessarily mutually exclusive, the former does not necessarily bring about the latter, nor is the latter predicated on the former.
As we have already suggested, it is incumbent upon proposition to show that formal equality brings about substantive equality; we believe that too progressive formal equality can actually damage our attempt to gain substantive equality for homosexuals.
A good case study is, in fact, South Africa. South Africa was the first country in the world to constitutionally enshrine gay person's right to not be discriminated against on grounds of sexual orientation [[http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/96cons2.htm#9]] . Subsequently, and to little surprise, the constitutional court declared the existing Marriage Act invalid [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa#2005_Constitutional_Court_decision]] and thereafter the South African parliament enacted legislation that enables gay persons to be legally married [[http://www.home-affairs.gov.za/media_releases.asp?id=370]].
Yet, despite this formal equality enjoyed by gay South Africans, there has been a social backlash. Indeed, it is fair to describe South Africa as deeply homophobic, with a huge number of cases of so-called 'corrective rape' for example [cases in which lesbians have been raped in an attempt to 'turn them straight'; some are even killed].
Evidence of this phenomen being widespread has been documented and publicly reported by very credible bodies, such as the South African Human Rights Commission, as well as LGBT pressure groups, like OUT [[http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/0dc26685e8f3408d9c72ffa6d8884992/12-03-2008-09-13/Corrective_rape_at_schools]] [[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/12/eudy-simelane-corrective-rape-south-africa]] According to Triangle - one of the prominent gay organisations in South Africa - no less than 86% of lesbian women in townships around Cape Town live in fear of sexual assault because of their orientation. Same-sex marriage has fuelled, rather than stemmed, these homophobic patterns.
The moral of this case study is clear: despite liberal constitutionalists - like Team USA - around the world deceptively using South Africa as an example of same-sex marriage legislation being enacted, South Africa showcases both 1) the impotency of using the law as a blunt instrument for bringing about attitudinal changes ; 2) more importantly, shows the social backlash that can happen if a bottom-up strategy for ethical dialogue is substituted for top-down legal prescription.
Countries that are even more homophobic - like Botswana or Namibia, say, both of whom have constitutional systems and are members of the UN, and so must fall within the range of countries Team USA have in mind - are likely to see worse backlashes against gay persons.
Formal equality is thus a danger to gay persons' enjoyment of substantive equality, the latter being more important. Gradualism is much more sensible - bringing about incremental changes in the lot of gay persons through securing more uncontentions rights for now, such as gay persons' right to live in a safe environment. Same-sex marriage, as our case study shows, is neither necessary nor sufficient to make environments safer for gay persons; indeed, same-sex marriage can militate against that aim in many contexts, liberal societies included.
Corrective rape is not caused by same-sex marriages. In the links the opposition posted, we see incidents of rape in school of outed unmarried individuals. Their other link attributes the rise in corrective rape not to a "backlash" but to the highly publicized rape of Eudy Simelane: "[S]ince then a tide of violence against lesbians in South Africa has continued to rise". The problem is that the SA government has failed to take sufficient action against these crimes, not that they have legalized gay marriage.
The South African government was clearly aware that there was "overwhelming opposition to this bill from people throughout South Africa" [[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6147010.stm]] when they legalized same-sex marriage. It affords same-sex couple legal stature and recognition in a very homophobic atmosphere. It is hard to see how "gradualism" could have prevented these acts of violence. Indeed, more immediate legal action continues to be called for from the gay community in South Africa. [[http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/lgbti/58066]]
Rebuttal 1: In defence of public opinion
We note that opposition is employing the tactic of 'rebuttal by ridicule' rather than counter-argument. This threatens to be funny, but in the end simply leaves a substantive argument of ours wholly intact. [ See, again, 'Forcing change in liberal democracies is itself illiberal'. ]
The opinion poll showing public views on the evolution/creationism stand-off does not speak to our substantive argument about the illiberal nature of forcing countries to adopt same-sex marriage in the face of public mores that runs deeply to the contrary.
The principle that opposition defends is that the moral legitimacy of a legal system depends in part on taking seriously the moral preferences of its citizenry, hence our clash of moral and legal pluralism.
Besides, the debate about evolution vs. creationism is disanalogous. Evidence in favour of evolution is an empirical matter, and the creationism claims, though partly principled, has to answer the empiricism of evoultion.
The same-sex marriage debate is fundamentally a normative ethical one. It is not an 'empirical fact' that same-sex marriage is acceptable. Such an assumption, which seems to be the motivator for Team USA's 'rebuttal by ridicule', is circular.
Our argument that law making should take seriously the moral preferences of those subjected to its laws, and social policies, stand. Moral and legal pluralism in relation to same-sex marriage, follows.
Rebuttal 2: Moral and legal pluralism's rightful place
In response to our second substantive argument - 'Moral and legal pluralism in relation to same-sex marriage is acceptable' - proposition offers us a number of responses. These can be whittled down to the following claims:
1) States can ignore views that have a religious aetiology when making laws and deciding social policies;
2) Specifically in relation to homosexuality, governments need not be morally agnostic as to whether or not homosexuality - and, hence, same-sex marriage - is acceptable;
3) Since marriage, in its civil guise, bears no necessary or important relation to religious marriage ceremonies, civil marriage should not be exclusive - at most it is religious praxis that need protection, which laws already provide for.
After lengthy exegeses by proposition on red herrings such as the fate of intersexed persons, Team South Africa is excited by the first, abeit belated, real argument that speaks directly to the institution of marriage per se (claim 3 above) rather than tangential, wider social issues.
Nevertheless, Team USA's analyses is still not cogent - a case of too little, too late.
We will deal with the three claims in turn. We deal with the first one below, and list the other two sets of responses separately, for ease of reading.
1. Opposition is in total agreement with proposition that religious ethical views should not be given a *special* place in law making. We never claimed that to be the case, nor would we do so.
We rehearsed the religious argument against same-sex marriage, not to own it, but to argue that its existence, and ownership by many citizens in many countries, is an ACCEPTABLE social reality.
And, to the extent that views which regard homosexuality and samse-sex marriage as wrong exist, it is OK for laws and social policies, IN THOSE SOCIETIES, to reflect such religious or non-relgious but conservative, conviction, if such conviction runs deeply. Particularly given that the harms of exclusion from marriage have not been established by Team USA, policies reflecting this kind of religious-inspired attitude towards homosexuality cannot be seen as a moral error on the part of lawmakers.
In a sense - and we think that this was done in good faith - proposition wrongly assumes that opposition is endorsing the content of religious ethics. We are not. We are endorsing the right of religious ethical views, should they dominate the moral dialectic in a country, to find expression in public policy.
Conversely, the view implicit in Team USA's position is, in turn, not value-neutral, not unlike other ethical perspectives. The assumption that liberalism is devoid of moral content is popular but not accurate. A state that priorities individual freedoms over the views of the majority (even where those views do not lead to demonstrable harms as has been the case in this instalment of the same-sex marriage debate); a state that maximises space for as many conceptions of the 'good life' to be lived as possible; a state that refuses to express a view on different identities and lifestyles .... such a state is not morally neutral, since its principles and ethos amount, in themselves, to ONE conception of 'the good life' - a liberal, individualist, secular model of society - that competes with other political and moral visions of an ideal society.
The burden Team USA must discharge - alas it is too late - is not ONLY to dismiss religious ethics' exclusive place in policy making (with which we concur), but to give positive argument for why the liberal individualism that drives their dismisall of ANY majoritarian input on the same-sex marriage debate, is ethically correct.
The failure to discharge such a burden entitles opposition to conclude that the dismissal of religious ethics' entitlement - or, indeed the entitlement of any non-liberal ethical doctrine - to find expression in the same-sex marriage debate has been hastily and wrongly dismissed by Team USA.
Opposition's contention that the existence of moral and legal pluralism within the international community on same-sex marriage is acceptable therefore remains unharmed by Team USA's concerns about religion.
Rebuttal 3: Homosexuality and moral agnosticism
Proposition wants to have their cake and eat it. They start off accepting that a plurality of moral views on homosexuality exist but then assert that homosexuality is acceptable. This assertion does not engage the pluralism they acknowledge, it simply by-passes it by fiat.
Opposition is not arguing, as we had said before but which must have fallen on closed eyes, that homosexuality is immoral. We are agnostic on the issue because there is no moral objectivity that can settle the issue.
Proposition has tried to make their case by framing it in terms of emotive human rights language. That is deceptive - clever, but worthy of the label deception. Of course there is a difference between what should be state-sanctioned, and what should be allowed to exist in private. Yes, in private, it is ok for someone to believe that twins should be killed but no state should sanction this view. In this kind of case, both teams would be happy, presumably, to endorse a disconnect between public policy and private belief.
However, same-sex marriage, in the absence of more convinving normative analyses, does NOT constitute a matter on which moral truisms can be claimed by anyone. Just as it is extremely arrogant for some religious persons to claim that it is a moral 'fact' that homosexuality - and, so, same-sex marriage - is a moral sin, similarly, it is an exercise in arrogance by Team USA to implicitly assert that same-sex marriage is, as a matter of moral *obviousness*, acceptable, such that public policy must reflect this moral truism.
Yes, related issues, such as the right to not be dismissed at work or ill-treated at work, on the basis of your orientation, constitute clear cases of human rights abuses. Same-sex marriage is not a human rights issue.
In the case of abortion - which Team USA surely must accept as a good parallel for making sense of the relation between public mores and public policy, even if they do not like the twins example - we do not find it wrong that there is moral and legal pluralism in relation to the status of abortion rights. Yes, people passionately debate the issues around abortion, but REASONABLE [INTERNATIONAL] MORAL AND LEGAL DISAGREEMENT is accepted as inevitable and ok.
Remember, this debate is not place-set in a particular country. This is why opposition need not, and did not, take a view on homosexuality's acceptability - or that of same-sex marriage - in that country. Proposition's case is set up as a desire for all countries to enact same-sex marriage laws. Hence, in opposition, as we have done here, and throughout our rebuttal and positive matter, we are articulating why a diversity of views between countries exist, will continue to do so, and why this is ok
Rebuttal 4: Why it is ok for civil marriage to be exclusive
Proposition finally came up with a direct piece of argument to make the letter of the motion come alive in the dying moments of the debate - civil marriage is a non-religious institution by its very nature and therefore moral offence anyone would take at the thought of allowing gay persons to access the institution of civil marriage, should be ignored.
Well, uhm, not really. Here is why.
Ok, so Team USA strategically concedes that religious praxis could be exclusive. Gays do not have a prima facie right to a priest's blessing. Both sides are in agreement here.
But proposition's attempt to move from this concession, to the conclusion that a civil institution CANNOT be exclusive, is hazy and hasty.
It seems clear to us that unless there is an overriding moral reason to change the operation of an institution, the mere fact of exclusion does not constitute a reason, surely?
In other words, the exclusion of gay persons from civil marriage - in some countries - only constitutes a moral error if that exclusion is tied to a *legitimate expectation* on the part of gay persons to be included in the first place. But such an expectation, it would appear, rests on a demand to access the fruits and burdens that come with institution. But if those associated goods can be distributed in equal measure, and same quality, through another mechanism, then the putative entitlement to enter that civil institution, falls away.
This is EXACTLY the case with same-sex marriage. Arrangements such as civil unions - and Team USA has now conceded they are factually wrong about the differences in rights and duties that flow/can flow from civil unions as opposed to marriage - are parallel mechanisms that deliver the same goods as civil marriage.
To argue for inclusion in the institution of civil marriage, ostensibly a case of inclusion for its own sake - or merely for the sake of aesthetics, quite frankly, EVEN WHERE most citizens wish that not to happen, is simply a case of liberal logic going into overrdrive.
Mechanism such as civil unions achieve the best of all possible worlds. On the one hand, they allow laws to reflect public mores by maintaining marriage as an exclusive civil institution (in places where that is desired by the majority). At the same time, they ensure that gay persons are not - wrongly - excluded from the associated rights and benefits of marriage.
In sum, then, to answer Team USA's challenge head-on - to wit, 'If there is nothing in a word, why exclude gay persons?': Because excluding gay persons does not cause harm (e.g. civil unions can be set up) and exclusion ensures that public policies take seriously the aggregate preferences of citizens to impute their collective value on that 'word'.
Again moral and legal pluralism comes out sensible, and the facist imposition of liberal individualism on all societies in the universe comes out decidedly illiberal.
Opposition's clash is sustained.
Rebuttal 5: The danger of putting the liberal cart before the homophobic horse
In response to our final substantive argument - " [Same-sex marriage] creates a social backlash that damages substantive equality for homosexuals" - proposition points out, firstly, that many homophobic acts are not related to same-sex marriage. In many cases this will, indeed, be the case - after all, hate crimes preceded same-sex marriage in South Africa. We concede that observation.
But the real points are these: 1) same-sex marriage has not resulted in a decrease in homophobic incidents, pace the predictions of Team USA in their first round argument; indeed, 2) same-sex marriage has led to stronger lobbying against gay persons' rights in South Africa by groups that have become organised *in response to* same-sex marriage being legalised [[http://www.sacla.za.net/?component=ddb&operation=page&page=24]]. It is this latter reality that constitutes the social backlash.
Tellingly, proposition concedes this point (!!) when they state - correctly - that
" The South African government was clearly aware that there was "overwhelming opposition to this bill from people throughout South Africa" when they legalized same-sex marriage. It affords same-sex couple legal stature and recognition in a very homophobic atmosphere. "
We deduce from this quote that Team USA regards the South African government as having been hasty to put the liberal cart before the homophobic horse. They should not - we assume prop to be saying here - ignore what most people think. It is refreshing that majoritary views' place in policy design finally gain relevance from Team USA. Thanks for that!
It - the SA government - would have done gay persons a much greater favour by focusing on more substantive gains (like educating persons on the ground about the illegality and wrongness of attacking gay persons) before setting out to design marriage policies that do not speak to the immediate, substantive needs of the gay community. Once again, as Team USA's own response to the SA case studies confirms, it is clear that law as an instrument of social change is unreliable.
Opposition's analysis on social backlash, remains.
Aggressive policies retard gradual social change: why the case for pluralism won [Opposition Summary]
At it's most basic level there are two questions that define this debate:
1) To whom is the insitution of marriage valuable, and how valuable is it to those different groups of people?
2) If we are concerned with the rights of homosexuals, how do we most effectively generate substantive equality?
When the debate is painted thus it becomes clear that much of proposition's substantive case was, broadly speaking, tangential to do the debate. Proposition expended a huge amount of energy discussing the Mary Coughlan ammendment, transgender individuals, and the fact that all homosexuals have a bachelors pad and a variety of STD's. On team opposition we decided to focus the debate on the two central questions at stake: Why is marriage important, and what will the consequences be if we legalize same-sex marriages?
In terms of the first issue it was never quite clear what proposition's case was. They mentioned, albeit fleetingly, that marriage brings to the couple a number of legal rights that are otherwise unattainable. They then tracked back, after we showed that civil unions are in most cases legally comparable/equal (and that there is no inherent reason why they cannot be), and instead argued that marriage was an important 'social symbol' (this was never justified, as we said - why do homosexuals have a right to a particular religious or cultural blessing?). If this is all the substantive value that proposition could show, it seems that their case is already on shaky ground.
In response to proposition we argued that marriage has tremendous socio-cultural and religious value to a large portion of most populations. This is evidenced by the fact that in most countries there is a strong majority that rejects the very notion of same-sex marriage. At the same time, we showed that only a tiny number of homosexuals are actually interested in same-sex marriage, evidenced by substantial quantitative research on the UK, the USA and other European countries. We then added extra meat to the discussion by considering the role of the state and the role of public opinion. We argued that we must remain agnostic on the 'morality' of homosexuality, and that it is the business of the citizenry to legislate for itself on such issues. Proposition's glib response to this was that 'majorities don't get their way when it harms minority groups', a sentiment that was (a) normatively unjustified, and (b) falsified in our rebuttal. This is an inadequate challenge of opposition's clash, centred around the acceptability of moral and legal pluralism in respect of same-sex marriage.
The first issue, then, clearly falls to team opposition.
Proposition's case never really managed to leave behind the notion of formal equality (nominally equal rights) for a focus on substantive equality (equal treatment). On team opposition we articulated, from the very start, that it is substantive equality that really matters. We showed that imposing on the cultural and religious interests and values of the majority (of which marriage is a central and important one) can have very dangerous backlashes on the liberal rights movement (invoking the effectively un-rebutted example of South Africa's legalization of same-sex marriage). It was only in response to this substantive attack that proposition finally suggested some link from formal rights to substantive rights - the idea that the state should be a 'pathfinder' for the citizenry. This argument, which was justified by analogy only (and no actual analysis of the example of marriage), was dismantled rather thoroughly by team opposition. We showed that the analogies presented by proposition were in fact entirely and absolutely disanalagous, and that in a vast number of cases the state has not acted as a pathfinder at all. We even showed that, when the state makes decisions that reject the interests and values of the majority (which team proposition's policy clearly does), it often leads to dangerous consequences.
The only other argument made by proposition, that suggested something similar, was their analysis of stereotyping. Here they failed, rather profoundly, to explain why it was that the issue of *marriage* was so crucial in the construction of stereotypes. This failure is symptomatic of the grand failure of their case - to show why it is that legalizing same-sex marriage is of particular importance. On team opposition we produced a number of refutations to this point, showing that the proposition's assumptions about stereotypes were both misguided and not linked to marriage.
It is clear, then that the second question was also answered, most convincingly, by team opposition.
By establishing the right of self-governance as the cornerstone of liberal society, by showing that proposition's case presents benefits that are tangential at best, and by showing that a secular state's imposition on marriage, a religious and cultural institution, will have serious negative consequences in the fight for substantive equality for the gay community itself, we on team opposition beg that the motion fall.
What do you think?
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The Show-Me State Land for Sale; Missouri is a state located in the Midwestern
United States. Missouri's geography is highly varied. The northern part of the
state lies in dissected till plains while the southern part lies in the Ozark
Mountains (a dissected plateau), with the Missouri River dividing the two.
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Dormancy 9 Alfalfa
SW9720 is a high-yielding, non-dormant variety with salt tolerance. Growth is erect with rapid recovery after cutting. SW9720 is adapted to salty soils and to better soils, both in warm and hot temperature areas, from Yolo County, California to the Mexican border and south of there. Yields have been excellent in Davis, CA, Imperial County, CA and Maricopa County, AZ.
For hay production, SW9720 is adapted to areas of California and Arizona where non-dormant varieties are recommended. SW9720 was the highest yielding variety in the non-dormant forage trial of 48 entries at University of California, Davis. It is also doing very well in the Imperial Valley of California and at the University of Arizona Field Station of Maricopa, Arizona.
SW9720 was developed on salty soils near Mendota, California and in salt selection forage trials in Tucson, Arizona. SW9720 was synthesized from 90 plants and is a California Certified Variety.
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One of our favorite annual programs at The National WWII Museum is Garden to Glass. For several years, we’ve partnered with Eat Local New Orleans, a nonprofit dedicated to celebrating New Orleans Food and Drink culture, to bring in bartenders, distilleries, and restaurateurs from across the Crescent City for a single challenge: craft a uniquely tasty drink using only what would have been available in WWII-era Victory Gardens. These items are likely standards in your own kitchen: basil, thyme, tomato, and carrots, but with a boozy twist. And, every year, we have a great time sipping their entries in The American Sector Restaurant & Bar, having some Chef-produced snacks, and voting on our favorites.
But, more importantly, this program allows the Museum to celebrate both the history of rationing and New Orleans bar culture, while collaborating with stalwarts of our community. New Orleans is a place like no other and our food and drink culture is a world unto itself. We love being able to partner with cool organizations like Eat Local New Orleans and the Eat Local Challenge, to do really amazing things.
Our friend, Brynn Comeaux, Marketing Director and Events Coordinator at Eat Local New Orleans, had this to say about our partnership:
“Our annual Garden to Glass Cocktail Contest is one of the most beloved events of the year for participants and organizers alike. It’s been wonderful to see how both The National WWII Museum, The American Sector & Restaurant, and the Eat Local Challenge have evolved. As the Museum has grown, so has the number of local distillers and we have come a long way from our first event on a small patio. In celebration of 10 years of the Eat Local Challenge we look forward to being able to gather again, until then we’re with all of our loyal participants in spirit and in spirits.”
The following recipes are the winners from past Garden to Glass programs. We hope you enjoy (responsibly!).
2016 Winner—Cathead Distillery:
• One part Cathead Vodka,
• Muddled blueberries,
• simple syrup (here’s a recipe—it’s easy!)
muddle solids, add vodka, mix, and enjoy.
2017 Winner—Cathead Distillery:
• One part Cathead Honeysuckle Vodka
• One Part Homemade Louisiana Strawberry Shrub (here is how to make shrub!)
• Add Vodka and shrub, mix, garnish with lime and mint and enjoy!
2018 Winner—Seven Three Distillery:
• One part Gentilly Gin
• Muddled blackberries
• Muddled watermelon
• Mix and add ice
• Garnished with a Creole tomato
2019 Winner-- by Seven Three Distillery:
• One part Seven Three Distillery’s Black Pearl Rum
• Basil Simple Syrup
• Roasted Garlic Simple Syrup
• Add ice
• Fill with Soda Water
For more information on the ways we work with and within the Greater New Orleans Area, check out our Community Engagement webpage.
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In humans and other mammals, temperature regulation represents the balance between heat production from metabolic sources and heat loss from evaporation (perspiration) and the processes of radiation, convection, and conduction. In a cold environment, body heat is conserved first by constriction of blood vessels near the body surface and later by waves of muscle contractions, or shivering, which serve to increase metabolism. Shivering can result in a maximum fivefold increase in metabolism. Below about 40°F (4°C) a naked person cannot sufficiently increase the metabolic rate to replace heat lost to the environment. Another heat-conserving mechanism, goose bumps, or piloerection, raises the body hairs; although not especially effective in humans, in animals it increases the thickness of the insulating fur or feather layer.
In a warm environment, heat must be dissipated to maintain body temperature. In humans, increased surface blood flow, especially to the limbs, acts to dissipate heat at the surface. At environmental temperatures above 93°F (34°C), or at lower temperatures when metabolism has been increased by work, heat must be lost through the evaporation of the water in sweat. People in active work may lose as much as 4 quarts per hour for short periods. However, when the temperature and humidity are both high, evaporation is slowed, and sweating is not effective. Most mammals do not have sweat glands but keep cool by panting (evaporation through the respiratory tract) and by increased salivation and skin and fur licking.
Temperature regulatory mechanisms act through the autonomic nervous system and are largely controlled by the hypothalamus of the brain, which responds to stimuli from nerve receptors in the skin. Continued exposure to heat or cold results in some slow acclimatization, e.g., more active sweating in response to continued heat and an increase in subcutaneous fat deposits in response to continued cold.
Environmental extremes may result in failure to maintain normal body temperature. In both increased body temperature, or hyperthermia, and decreased body temperature, or hypothermia, death may result (see heat exhaustion). Controlled hypothermia is used in some types of surgery to temporarily decrease the metabolic rate. Fever, caused by a resetting of the temperature regulatory mechanism, is a response to fever-causing, or pyrogenic, substances, such as bacterial endotoxins or leucocyte extracts. The upper limit of body temperature compatible with survival is about 107°F (42°C), while the lower limit varies.
In humans the inner body temperature alternates in daily activity cycles; it is usually lowest in early morning and is slightly higher at the late afternoon peak. In human females there is also a monthly temperature variation related to the ovulatory cycle. In many mammals and birds the body temperature shows more pronounced cyclic variations than in humans. For example, in hibernators the body temperature may lower to only a few degrees above the environmental temperature during the dormant periods; mammalian hibernators reawake spontaneously and in their active period are homeothermic.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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Historian Richard Carrier and theology scholar Jake O’Connell debate whether Paul believed that Jesus rose from the dead in the same body that died, or in a new body, leaving his old body behind to rot in the grave. . . . . . access this site: On Paul’s Theory of Resurrection: The Carrier-O’Connell Debate (2008)
From the above debate site,
Richard Carrier: Richard Carrier has a Ph.D. in ancient history from Columbia University. He specializes in ancient science and religion, and has written on early Christianity both online and in print. He is also a published philosopher, prominent atheist, and author of the book Sense and Goodness without God. For more about him and his work see RichardCarrier.info.
Jake O’Connell: Jake O’Connell is a theology student at Assumption College in Worcester, Massachusetts. He has articles on Jesus’ resurrection forthcoming in Tyndale Bulletin, Conspectus, and the Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism. He also has book reviews forthcoming in Expository Times, Restoration Quarterly, and the International Journal of Parapsychology.
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Zaniya Morgan-Lewis has not even graduated high school and she is already doing amazing things.
Zaniya was selected co-winner of a national essay contest initiated by First Lady Michelle Obama’s ‘Better Make Room’ campaign and Seventeen Magazine. The campaign encourages students to work hard in high school and excel in college. Students were invited to submit an essay about any obstacles to success they have faced and how they were able to overcome them. She and her co-winner were invited to the White House and treated to a full tour and an hour-long interview with the First Lady, which was covered in an article by Seventeen Magazine.
Zaniya described the experience meeting First Lady Michelle Obama as surreal.
“I couldn’t believe I was actually meeting her," she said. "Then, when she came into the room, she was so welcoming. She immediately gave each of us a hug.”
The First Lady also imparted wisdom on the girls, telling them not to be afraid of doing the extra things in life and warning them that people will always doubt them and they had to prove those people wrong.
Zaniya wrote her essay about overcoming the adversity she faced in 9th grade, when she switched from a public school to Doane Academy, a predominantly white high school in Burlington, New Jersey. The transition was a difficult one, but she was able to conquer it through her commitment to community service with the New Jersey National Guard Teen Panel, the Ronald McDonald House, and the Kindness Project, all of which she writes about on her website.
Zaniya cofounded the New Jersey National Guard Teen Panel along with other military kids to create a supportive community. Her father has served in the National Guard for 20 years and the experience has had a lasting effect on her. Unlike other military posts, the families of National Guard members are housed off-base in civilian neighborhoods, which can be burdensome on the kids. The panel hosts forums for the kids to talk about their experiences and plans fun events and activities.
Her experiences on the Panel have been wonderful, but she wanted to expand her horizons. Zaniya identified with the Ronald McDonald’s mission of helping families and decided to apply to serve on the Ronald McDonald House Teen Advisory Council of Southern New Jersey. Zaniya, and a few of her classmates who also volunteered with Ronald McDonald House, felt they were doing really important work and decided to bring community service to Doane Academy. Last year, they launched the Kindness Project at their school. The group boasts over 30 members and hosts an annual talent show to raise money for the Ronald McDonald House.
Zaniya firmly believes volunteering helped her through her transition to her new school. Helping others helped give her the confidence she needed to succeed.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/First-Lady-Michelle-Obama-Burlington-CountyHigh-School-Senior-Invited-White-House-Essay-About-Overcoming-Adversity-375887121.html
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Summer is peak travel time for a lot of families. Vacations are a great way to relax, enjoy some time away and indulge a little bit, but they can also lead to over-indulging, exhaustion, and illness if you’re not careful.Stay happy and healthy while you enjoy your vacation! Click To Tweet
The good news is, with a little planning and effort, you can help your family stay happy and healthy while also enjoying a great vacation. Making sleep and exercise a priority, as well as making an effort to snack well and drink enough water are easy ways to make your trip a success!
Here are more details and some simple tips for staying healthy on the road:
Sleeping – While it may be tempting to try to cram as much as possible into vacation, don’t skimp on sleep. Traveling can take a toll on your immune system so it’s important to get enough rest so your body can fight off germs and keep you healthy.
Snacking – While it’s probably not realistic to expect that all of your meals on vacation will be as healthy as the ones you eat at home, there are some things you can do to keep things on the healthier side. Try renting a place that has a kitchen you can cook in for some meals! Packing healthy snacks is also helpful. If you have access to a fridge, you can hit the grocery store when you get there for things like cheese and dried fruit and nuts to whip up some quick snack mixes like these: (Healthy Snacks To Go.) If you’re traveling by car, bring along a cooler filled with snacks like Chia Pudding or homemade gelatin snack cups. If you don’t have access to a cooler or fridge, you can still pack things like homemade granola bars, these Apple Cranberry Cheddar Muffins, homemade Apple Cheddar Crisps or Cheddar Fish Crackers.
You can also sign-up for our Newsletters so that you don’t miss a thing.
Regan Jones is Cabot’s National Nutrition Communications Manager and the main voice behind @CabotRD on Twitter. Self-described as a “registered dietitian by education and food-lover by birth,” she writes for the Cabot Creamery Blog from her home in Georgia.
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First stop and daylight pokes its head out near Brechin at Kintrockat Cairn. During the drive down there had been heavy snow and very heavy rain but when I park at the woodcutters hut the sun comes out. The snow I'd see later.
Leaving A90 take the A935 to Brechin, go round the roundabout until you are heading back to the A90 south. Just before reaching the A90 take the minor road heading south. This takes you past a lodge, I parked at the woodcutters place 200 meters approx south. From here I continued walking south and followed the road to Kintrockat House. Just before the house there is a track, or mudbath. Follow this round and the cairn will come into view. Unfortunately the woodcutter has been busy and branches are all over the place some on the cairn itself.
This well shaped cairn is almost 9 meters wide and 4 meters tall. It is made up of earth and stones. Local folklore mentions that markets were held nearby. So a lovely start to the day.
Back to Kintockrat. During the plague (bubonic) the people still had to continue selling their produce, with as little contact with plague victims as possible. It was decided to have a weekly market and Kintockrat became the trading area, but with the proviso that, as in other parts of the country, no contact would be made with the citizens of Brechin. Miss Knox (former owner) showed me an ancient cairn covered with copper coloured leaves from the surrounding birch trees. This had been left as a monument to the dreaded plague. Here country people would leave their produce, laid out around the cairn and a grassy space it. An ancient path is still evident leading to and from the area. A receptacle would have been left, probably one of the many stone bowls at Kintockrat, and the Brechiners would select the goods required and deposit their coins as payment in the stone receptacles. Whether water or any other means of attempting to sterilise the coins was used, e.g passing through flame, is unknown. The beautiful glade and large copper birch trees around it was a lovely are and of course one's memory goes back to the poor people who suffered long ago.
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I'm cracking wise at the expense of a business reporter in Greensboro, North Carolina: The reporter is clearly just representing what was told to him in good conscience by the owner of a cafe in that fine city that had its Internet service yanked when it was discovered that millions of pieces of spam were initiated from their network. The Green Bean's owner is paraphrase by the reporter saying, "the agency that monitors the Internet for spam violations temporarily closed off the Green Bean's wireless access early this week after the spammer's mass mailing." I think he meant "monitors the internets"--all of 'em.
However, I crack wise because it's a problem that's been widely suggested as a flaw in free and/or open Wi-Fi networks operating all over. The terrorists might use them. Spammers might use them. Child porn aficionados might use them (remember the wrong-way driving, pants-down Canadian?).
What's more likely to have happened here is not that millions of pieces of spam were sent over the Wi-Fi network, but that a spam push was tracked down to having been initiated from that network. Sending a million pieces of email over a 384 Kbps to 768 Kbps upstream connection would take an inordinate amount of time and be noticed. Still a little tricky to state precisely what happened.
The "agency that monitors the Internet" would most likely be the ISP from which Green Bean purchases its Internet access. Green Bean charges a dollar a day for access, and might switch to a time-delimited password system. The owner might also put in filtering software to restrict outbound email.
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http://wifinetnews.com/archives/2006/10/nebulous_authority_shuts_down_cafe_wi-fi_due_to_spam.html
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| 0.976058
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Alternative Titles: Callistemon citrinus, Callistemon lanceolatus
Learn about this topic in these articles:
genus of shrubs and trees, of the family Myrtaceae, native to Australia. They have spikes of showy flowers and are commonly called bottlebrushes. The plants are often cultivated outdoors in western North America and in colder regions in greenhouses. C. lanceolatus (sometimes C. citrinus), one of the most commonly cultivated species, grows from 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 feet) tall and has...
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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https://www.britannica.com/plant/bottlebrush
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| 0.925718
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In assessing various arguments across over the years, I’ve found C.S. Lewis’ notion of the fallacy of “chronological snobbery” to be extremely helpful. He describes this flawed thought process as the “the uncritical acceptance of the intellectual climate common to our own age and the assumption that whatever has gone out of date is on that account discredited.” (Surprised by Joy, p. 207) In other words, “That’s what people a hundred years ago believed, surely you can’t expect me to agree to that?”
Although writing off an idea simply because it is old is a fairly common move in our context, ancient philosophers, theologians, and moralists regularly appealed to the antiquity of a doctrine in order to establish its authority for the present. Somewhere along the line the witness of history ceased to be a source of credibility for an idea, and in some cases, became a liability.
I was reminded of this after writing the other day about Barth’s characterization of eighteenth century man as “the absolute man.” His attitude towards life, the natural order, politics, philosophy, the inner and outer self is that of an autonomous master who has come, or is coming, fully into his own such that his power and potentiality is increasingly limitless. It is an impulse that can be traced throughout various spheres of life including, as Barth points out, his attitude towards history.
Barth and the ‘Absolute’ Historians
Barth notes that the Enlightenment is often unfairly criticized as being historically “deficient.” He recognizes that it was during the birth of the modern academy and the proliferation of the various fields of academic discipline which accompanied the time that much careful research into ancient history was conducted. At the same time, and it is here that Barth sees the force of the accusation, it is at this point that the problematic “critical study of history” began:
But what else can this mean but that it was in the eighteenth century that man began to axiomatically to credit himself with being superior to the past, and assumed a standpoint in relation to it whence he found it possible to set himself up as a judge over past events according to fixed principles, as well as to describe its deeds and to substantiate history’s own report? And the yardstick of these principles, at least as applied by the typical observer of history living at that age, has the inevitable effect of turning that judgment of the past into an extremely radical one. For the yardstick is quite simply the man of the present with his complete trust in his own powers of discernment and judgment, with his feeling for freedom, his desire for intellectual conquest, his urge to form and his supreme moral self-confidence.
What historical facts, even, can be true except those which to the man of the age seem psychologically and physiologically probable, or at any rate not improbable? How, in face of such firm certainty about what was psychologically and physiologically probable and improbably could eighteenth century man conceive of the existence of historical riddles and secrets? And what else in fact could the past consist of than either of light, in so far as it reveals itself to be a preparation and mount for the ever-better present ‘You’ll pardon me–it is my great diversion, to steep myself in ages long since past; to see how prudent men did think before us, and how much further since we have advanced’–or simply of darkness–a warning counter-example and as such, if you like, a welcome counter-example–in so far as the past had not yet sense the right road to the future, or had even actively opposed it.
The third thing which this attitude precluded was that the historian should take history seriously as a force outside himself, which had it in its power to contradict him and which spoke to him with authority. One way or another the historian himself said that which he considered history might seriously be allowed to say, and, being his own advocate, he dared to set for both aspects of what he alleged history to have said, its admonitory and its encouraging aspect.
Apparently if we’re looking for the birthplace of chronological snobbery as a dominant intellectual instinct, we need look no farther than eighteenth century man. At root, the impulse to chronological snobbery is the absolute one; it is the confident assurance that history has been in motion leading moral and historical thought to culminate in the worldview or cultural assumptions of the critical historian. Like nature, history was the raw material of time upon which the absolute historian could impose his moral will to reshape and retell the story of his own understanding of greatness. It must be understood, not on its own terms, but from the historian’s own, critical standpoint–one which at no point could be challenged by the object of its study.
Barth draws out a number of deleterious effects this mode of historical inquiry had on this generation of historians, one of the most instructive and damning of which was that, “although as a race they were very learned in historical matters, they were at the same time singularly uninstructed, simply because their modern self-consciousness as such made them basically unteachable.” (pg. 37) When you come to believe that the judgments of this age are inherently superior to those of prior generations simply because they are further down the time-stream, you’ve rendered yourself unteachable; you can’t be corrected or called to account or caused to question any of your own assumptions by any other age than your own.
On Avoiding Snobbery
Unfortunately, the Enlightenment’s absolutist instinct towards history is alive and well in popular Western culture. The myth of progress, and the unconscious tendency to assume a posture of historical maturity and superiority towards our benighted forbears is part of the intellectual air we breathe. Of course, 200 years on some of the details are different; a certain postmodern fuzziness enters into the equation. A touch of historicism or relativism may prevent some of us from judging the past too harshly, and yet the basic structure of thought, in which our ancestors cannot speak a real word of correction or instruction to the present still dominates.
How might we avoid rendering ourselves unteachable by the past? Lewis gives us some sound advice at this point. He says that whenever we encounter an idea or an assumption that we deem regressive, passe, or “out of date”:
You must find why it went out of date. Was it ever refuted (and if so by whom, where, and how conclusively) or did it merely die away as fashions do? If the latter, this tells us nothing about its truth or falsehood. From seeing this, one passes to the realization that our own age is also “a period,” and certainly has, like all periods, its own characteristic illusions. They are likeliest to lurk in those widespread assumptions which are so ingrained in the age that no one dares to attack or feels it necessary to defend them.
–ibid, pg. 208
In the words of Tim Keller, be prepared to “doubt your own doubt.” Be “radical” enough to question the assumptions of the present age–even the radical, progressive ones–in order to listen to ages past, which, at times, had a better feel for what life in the “age to come” is to be.
Soli Deo Gloria
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Governor Andrew Cuomo recently said that population losses in New York State—which has the highest outmigration in the U.S.—are “climate-based.” The state’s demographic problem, he claims, is not caused by its crushing tax burden—also the highest in the country—or by restrictive business regulations, but by the weather. It’s too cold.
If the governor is right, and frosty winters are indeed driving people out of New York, the state needs a way to warm things up, and quickly. Fortunately, a bonanza of cheap, clean heat is available: the Marcellus and Utica shale formations, which range from Kentucky to Ontario, are two of the largest sources of natural gas in the world. And they pass directly beneath western, central, and Southern Tier New York—the poorest (and coldest) parts of the state. Trillions of cubic feet of natural gas from the shale beneath these struggling regions could help solve their heating and economic problems simultaneously. If New York’s abundant shale-gas supply can help attract new industries and employment opportunities, it might even reverse the state’s loss of population. Several studies over the last decade agree that shale-gas development could create billions of dollars in new economic activity, along with tens of thousands of jobs.
Neighboring Pennsylvania, which also sits astride the Marcellus and Utica formations, has demonstrated the benefits of drilling for natural gas. Using improved and environmentally safe fracking technologies, the state has drilled more than 3,000 gas wells, which today produce some 15 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. To help find markets for this new energy, Philadelphia’s gas company PGW is getting ready to build a $60 million liquefied natural-gas facility.
New York, however, is moving backward. Instead of getting behind the natural-gas revolution, which has brought economic and health benefits to the country and much of the world, the anti-gas gang in Albany recommends heating with wood. State officials are pushing the use of firewood and wood pellets, otherwise known as “biomass,” as “renewable resources,” ecologically viable alternatives to fossil fuels. As a result, woodcutting, an iconic medieval trade, is thriving in rural New York. Tens of thousands of trees and wide swaths of old-growth forest are being felled—with the approval of environmental groups—to meet demand for the new heating season. Every day, tons of New York trees are being transformed into smoke.
Ten years ago, I attended an upstate meeting on wood-fired boilers, which, to heat a house for the winter, require about eight tons of wood (while producing enough smoke to choke the air of an entire village). At the meeting, an official from the state’s Department of Health told me privately that wood smoke is more dangerous than emissions from oil burners. It’s even worse than coal smoke, he said. I found this hard to believe; burning wood has such an appealing smell. But according to the EPA and various state agencies, wood smoke contains “benzene, formaldehyde, acrolein and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),” and other dangerous substances. Microscopic particles in wood smoke penetrate the lungs and stay there, causing asthma attacks, bronchitis, and other illnesses. Wood smoke, the EPA warns, “can also trigger heart attacks, strokes, irregular heart rhythms, and heart failure.” Cancer, too.
The progressive idea that wood fires are a “carbon-neutral” source of energy is an environmental fantasy, but a popular one. With the encouragement of green advocates, about a million tons of wood are burned in England every year, some of which comes from old forests. Tons of wood pellets are also imported from the United States. Last year, the increasing tonnage of wood being burned in EU countries prompted a warning from 200 European scientists, who wrote to the boffins in Brussels, cautioning that “bioenergy is not carbon-neutral and can have seriously negative climate impacts. The combustion of forest biomass generally releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than fossil fuels . . . because more has to be burnt relative to fossil fuel.”
The streets of Manhattan were first piped for gas in 1825, but the Cuomo administration treats gas deposits upstate like an alarming new threat. In 2014, when the governor ruled against hydrofracking for natural gas in New York, his decision stressed possible dangers to the state’s water, air, and public health. A number of studies had already shown that fracking was, in fact, not dangerous to the environment. Shale-gas deposits lie a mile or more beneath the surface, far below geological strata where water tables are found. But there was enough doubt to give Cuomo the justification he needed to prevent New Yorkers from gaining access to the natural resources they own.
Politically, Cuomo had little choice. State environmental leaders were threatening to put an “army” of 40,000 activists—a kind of green Antifa—in the field to take direct action against frackers and to punish Cuomo at the polls if he refused to toe the ecological line. The governor had already witnessed the sad fate of enviro-heavyweight (and former brother-in-law) Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., who in 2009 came out in favor of natural gas. For his apostasy, Kennedy was taken to the woodshed, so to speak, by the environmental lobby. Kennedy saw the political light and joined the anti-gas gang.
New York State pumps millions in “antipoverty” funds into areas that its own counterproductive energy policies are impoverishing. Counties struggling with unemployment, crime, and drug abuse get rewarded with casinos, a regressive industry highly effective at relieving people of their cash and encouraging greater social pathology. Residents of the Southern Tier are also denied access to the economic development and health improvements that would come with a natural-gas pipeline from next-door Pennsylvania. Instead of the opportunities offered by fracking, upstate’s shivering residents are told to burn their own forests for heat.
Photo: Gene Krebs/iStock
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Accession Number : ADA298185
Title : Formation of Focussed Space-Charge-Limited Electrons and Ion Beams,
Corporate Author : TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (AEC) OAK RIDGE TN
Personal Author(s) : Bunemann, O. ; Condon, E. U. ; Latter, A.
PDF Url : ADA298185
Report Date : 26 JUL 1944
Pagination or Media Count : 18
Abstract : This report deals with the initial acceleration of intense beams of electrons or ions in such a way as to produce focussed beams. The theory is developed for the cylindrical case in which the emitter is long in one direction. The discussion will be written out explicitly for electrons but is applicable with obvious changes to space charge limited positive ion beams. The object of the calculations is to learn how to design the emitting surface and the related electrodes to produce narrowly focussed cathode ray beams. The basic arrangement under consideration is sketched.
Descriptors : *BEAM FORMING, *PARTICLE ACCELERATOR COMPONENTS, EMISSION, ACCELERATION, ION BEAMS, ELECTRON BEAMS, CYLINDRICAL BODIES, ELECTRODES, SPACE CHARGE.
Subject Categories : Particle Accelerators
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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Find thousands of books, manuscripts, visual materials and unpublished archives from our collections, many of them with free online access.
Search for free, downloadable images taken from our library and museum collections, including paintings, illustrations, photos and more.
Pollen grain, common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea)
- Stefan Eberhard
- Digital Images
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
You can use this work for any purpose, as long as it is not primarily intended for or directed to commercial advantage or monetary compensation. You should also provide attribution to the original work, source and licence.
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About this work
Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a single common morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) pollen grain, still sitting on the anther. Plants in the genus Ipomoea are annual climbers with heart shaped leaves and trumpet-like flowers. A traditional Chinese medicine with some varieties having hallucinogenic properties similar to LSD. Magnification 600x.
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A battery is a device consisting of one / more electro-chemical cells that convert from chemical energy to electrical energy. Each cell holds a positive terminal (or cathode), and a negative terminal (or anode). Electrolytes allow ions to go between the electrodes & terminals, which helps current to flow out of the battery to perform work (external devices tasks).
Primary batteries (disposable) are used once & discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly changed throughout discharge. General examples are the alkaline battery used for flash lights & a multitude of portable devices. Secondary batteries (rechargeable) can be discharged & recharged multiple times; the original electrodes composition can be restored by reverse current. These include the lead acid batteries utilized in vehicles & lithium ion batteries used in portable electronics. These batteries come in many shapes & sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids & wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that give standby power for telephone exchanges & computer data centers.
Battery Manufacturers & Suppliers make all types of batteries, dry, lead acid storage, ion, maintenance free batteries and many more. Battery manufacturer companies also make lithium, alkaline and rechargeable batteries that have a broad use. Battery manufacturers and suppliers offer a wide range of batteries that deliver a multitude of options & functions. These are used in the commercial, automotive, transport, aviation, marine, manufacturing and many sectors. Power batteries give energy solutions for wide types of uses & uninterrupted power supply.
Battery Manufacturers & Suppliers companies designs, sells, integrates, implements, and manages uninterruptable electrical power supply, DC Battery bank, DC-Charger, computer hardware & software systems, LANs(local area networks), WANs(wide area networks),CCTV and much more.
UAE Battery bank suppliers are design and installation of structure cabling needs, Annual maintenance contracts & client (server) applications as well as emerging technologies like Mobile computing, remote network access and wireless networks.
They offer renting & leasing services for Batteries and Power Quality Equipment. They will work with you to meet requirement in the affordable budget. Renting battery service is a cost effective techniques to achieve temporary backup support. The rental equipment includes Emergency Lighting Batteries, Critical Power Batteries, Backup Power Systems and many others.
They have been recognized as a major provider of high quality, best reliability, and excellence in services for power solutions. They provide comprehensive service solutions to a many specific problems. They cater to all the power solution requirement of the large companies.
UAE Battery Solutions companies, briefly introduce as an organization which involves leasing of batteries on yearly contract, Traction Batteries and charger distribution and Annual Maintenance Contract of batteries.
They are willing to offer to the needs of the client requirements for the UAE market utilizing the latest design, manufacturing processes and customer focused management service systems that not only meet the requirements of the materials handling market, but are set to define that for the future.
They give; with a range of Services that spans the design, installation, supply, commissioning and maintenance of modern systems, along with the upgrade, support and maintenance service of existing systems in different activity fields (Power Systems, Low Current Systems and Electro-Mechanical works).
They provide a vast array of solutions for UPS (uninterruptible power supplies) that bring technology & engineering together to create innovative solutions for the benefit of customers from individual products to integrated systems that keep network closets, computer rooms and server centers up and running.
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Algebra prerequisite skills – Integers
Why are integers so important to review?
High school students often struggle with operations on integers. Since integer operations are essential for just about everything in middle and high school math, I do spend some time at the beginning of the semester explicitly teaching operations on integers. It is a review for many of my students, but I have still found that it is an excellent use of time because the review applies directly to our work with variables. In this post we also have some suggestions for quick and easy games to reinforce understanding of operations on integers using number lines and/or playing cards.
Using number lines to review integers
Using both vertical and horizontal number lines is a great precursor to graphing on a coordinate plane. It is also a great way to visually represent different types of real-world problems. Many textbooks and worksheets introduced integers with the horizonal number line, but I have found that I can reach more students when I give the option of both.
Completing integer word problems using number lines are great warm-ups throughout the year. They are quick, they allow students practice using a visual to model a real-world situation, and they help to address previous misconceptions about integers. I like to pair students up with two integer word problems. Each student can model one, then they can write the expressions and solutions. This is low-stakes and fast. It is a great way to ease into math class.
Examples of Word Problems for Vertical Number Lines
Temperature – Sarah left her house this morning and the temperature was . Now, the temperature has gone up . What is the temperature now?
Elevator – An elevator is on the ninth floor. It goes down 12 floors and then up 5 floors. What floor is the elevator on now?
Examples of Word Problems for Horizontal Number Lines
Football – Harry is watching a football game. He decided to list yardage gained as positive integers and yardage lost as negative integers. Harry recorded , , and . What was the net gain or loss?
Timeline – The Roman emperor Claudius was born in 10 BC. Tiberius was born in 14 AD. How many years apart were they born?
Using playing cards to review integers
Playing cards are a great way to get students solving problems with integers with very little teacher prep. Think about the skill you would like your students to practice. Set the rules and let teams play in five-minute intervals. This makes for a great brain break from the lesson you are teaching, but provides a math focus and great review.
Things you want to establish before beginning an integer game with cards.
- Red cards are negative integers and black cards are positive integers.
- Are you using the face cards or removing them? If you are using them, what is a Jack, King, Queen, and Ace worth?
- What operation are you focusing on (addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division)?
- How many students are in each group? Are there four in each group with two teams of two? Do you have two students in each group working together or playing against each other? What dynamics work best for your class?
Using playing cards is great because students can check each others’ mistakes. Also, cards are an inexpensive investment and there are so many iterations of games students can play throughout the year if you tweak the rules.
If you would like step-by-step guidance for working with your students on Integers, we have an in-depth guided notes product. It really sets the stage for all future Algebra concepts. You can check out our Integers guided notes product here.
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Fromage a Raclette
Made from unpasteurized cow's milk
Family: Swiss Cheese
Type: semi-hard, artisan
Fat content: 50%
Colour: pale yellow
Flavour: acidic, milky, nutty, sweet
Aroma: aromatic, fruity, pleasant
Alternative spellings: Valais Raclette
Raclette is a semi-hard cheese produced in the French and Swiss Alps. As they are traditionally called, Valais Raclette or Fromage a Raclette are made using traditional methods with unpasteurised milk of cows grazing on the alpine meadows. The name Raclette comes from the French word 'racler', which means 'to scrape'. The cheese has a thin, brownish-orange rind and a pale yellow pate with a few scattered open holes. It has a distinctive pleasant, aromatic smell with a creamy texture, similar to Gruyere cheeses, which do not separate even when melted. The flavour can vary from nutty, slightly acidic, to milky.
While Switzerland supplies 80% of Raclettes, French Raclettes are slightly softer with a smooth and creamy flavour. Raclette is also a name of a Swiss dish. Raclette comes in round and square shapes and can be served with Vin de Savoie.
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TRiO-Special Programs consists of two programs. Our programs are housed in Thomas Hall at Alabama A&M University.
Upward Bound is a federally funded program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education. The program at Alabama A&M University serves 104 high school students. The Upward Bound Program at Alabama A&M University aids qualified high school students in generating the skills and motivation necessary to complete high school and to successfully enroll and succeed in postsecondary education.
Student Support Services is a program funded by the U.S. Office of Education to assist 212 participants. All program services and activities at Alabama A&M University are free. Services include academic advising, counseling, tutoring (peer, video, group, and professional), workshops and seminars, career exploration activities, assistance in securing financial assistance for post-secondary school and graduate/professional school, and a mentoring program. The goals of the program are to assist a target population of high-risk students participants in making a smooth transition from high school to college, and to maintain satisfactory academic progress and graduate.
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I’m preparing for my first trip to New Orleans. The occasion is the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America. Steven Austad, a University of Texas biologist, asked me to come give a talk in a session he’s organized next Monday. Austad studies the evolution of aging in the hopes of finding ways of slowing the aging process. (I wrote about him in 2007 in the sadly defunct Best Life magazine–read the article here or here.) In the face of an anti-evolution education bill passed by the Louisiana legislature, Austad decided to use his trip to the state next week to organize a session on the important of a good evolution education.
My task is to discuss “how understanding evolution allows Americans citizens to formulate more informed decisions about societally important matters.” I like this assignment, because it’s an interesting twist on the standard question about the value of evolutionary biology. Typical answers to that question include the cosmic–how it helps us see our place in the history of the universe–and the practical–how it can help in our search for better health and happiness. (See here, for example.)
The question I’m addressing is a bit different. How does a good understanding of evolution better prepare us to make decisions as citizens?
I’ve got a few ideas of my own, but this seems like a good question to throw open for discussion. If I crib any of your suggestions for my talk, I will thank you profusely when I deliver it. You’ll be able to check for yourself next week, when I’ll post a recording with slides.
Update: The stars align! A couple hours after I posted this request, Ed Yong posted his excellent write-up of evolutionary trees in the courtrooms.
Originally published November 15, 2010. Copyright 2010 Carl Zimmer.
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PART 5 SPEAKING AND LISTENING 5.2 Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas Name Use Complete Sentences When Speaking Practice Print this page. Then write your answers on the lines. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. • Use complete sentences to write about a family activity. • Draw pictures of your family activity in the space below your sentences. • Tell your class about your family activity.
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After setting off a marketing free-for-all by effectively declaring that only future versions of LTE and WiMax will be 4G, the International Telecommunication Union appears to have opened its doors and let the party come inside.
In October, the global standards group declared that after long study, it had determined which technologies truly qualified for its IMT-Advanced label, sometimes called 4G (fourth-generation). Only two systems made the list: LTE-Advanced, an emerging version of Long-Term Evolution technology, and WirelessMAN-Advanced, the next version of WiMax, also called WiMax 2. Neither is commercially available yet.
Stripping the official 4G title from current LTE and WiMax, which both had claimed it, was the perfect foil for T-Mobile USA to wholeheartedly advertise its HSPA+ (High-Speed Packet Access) network as 4G.
But on Dec. 6, deep in the text of a press release about the opening of the ITU World Radiocommunication Seminar 2010, the august United Nations-affiliated agency appears to have caved in like a substitute teacher.
"As the most advanced technologies currently defined for global wireless mobile broadband communications, IMT-Advanced is considered as '4G,'" the press release said, "although it is recognized that this term, while undefined, may also be applied to the forerunners of these technologies, LTE and WiMax, and to other evolved 3G technologies providing a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed."
LTE, WiMax and HSPA+ all can deliver multiple megabits per second upstream and downstream, far more than most existing 3G networks.
Word of the softened language was just beginning to spread this week and was noted by networking news site Light Reading.
ABI Research analyst Philip Solis, who wrote a blog entry about the change, said it was about time the ITU changed its tune, but he said the group still doesn't have it right.
"I've been saying for a while that the ITU is wrong. It's good to see that they acknowledged it," Solis said.
The true next generation of mobile came with OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Access), a fundamental advance over 3G that was embodied in WiMax and LTE, according to Solis. The ITU defined IMT-Advanced based on throughput speeds, mostly as a way of organizing radio spectrum assignments, he said. The actual technology standards are defined by the 3GPP (Third-Generation Partnership Project) in the case of LTE, and the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) in the case of WiMax.
"The ITU is wrong to tie 4G to IMT-Advanced, because they're not the ones who define 4G," Solis said.
But the organization is also wrong in its concession to the competing 4G claims, because HSPA+ can never accurately be called 4G, he said.
"It's a very good, very fast 3G network, but it's still a 3G network," Solis said.
That said, Solis acknowledged that for the average consumer who seeks out a fast network and is satisfied with its performance, whether the network is truly 4G will never make a bit of difference.
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This guest post is contributed by Alisa Gilbert, who writes on the topics of bachelors degree. She welcomes your comments at her email Id: email@example.com.
It’s an exciting time when your child’s learning how to read. Suddenly, letters are not just foreign shapes on pieces of paper or the fronts of buildings anymore. They begin to make sense, and children learn how to combine different consonants and vowels to sound out words they hear every day. Luckily, working on your child's reading skills doesn’t have to be restricted to just school, homework, and bedtime stories. Take advantage of meal times as well, and bump up your child's reading skills by dining out.
The act of eating can actually benefit your child's learning capabilities. Specifically, chewing can boost concentration, focus, and memory retention, researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine found, according to an article published on CNN. They recorded the academic performance of a group of non-gum chewing students and a group of gum-chewing students and found that the gum-chewing students had better overall final grades than those who did not chew gum during the study. Scientists have theorized this may be because of the act of chewing. You can take advantage of this find by encouraging your child to practice his or her reading skills while dining out, as chewing is a part of eating and practicing reading during a meal (or immediately before one) could help them to retain the information better.
Begin by having your child look over the menu with you. Have them pronounce the names of dishes as well as what’s inside them, helping them along the way to discover what foods they would like to order. When the waiter comes around, have your child read the waiter's name tag and say the name aloud. Encourage them to tell the waiter what they would like to order off of the menu. This makes children feel involved and gives them a chance to actively use the reading skills they’re picking up. Even learning how to correctly pronounce dishes with unusual spellings, like "spaghetti," will teach them about all the different ways that consonants and vowels can sound. When food arrives at the table, practice with your child how to spell their dish and have them read the name of the dish again. This way, the word they just read is not just a word, but also something that they can eat and enjoy.
It’s a great idea to take the family out to a restaurant that serves ethnic cuisine to see how dishes are spelled and pronounced in different countries and cultures. At these places, children can learn about how different languages use the same consonants and vowels to form very different sounds. Have your child practice pronouncing the items on the menu and be sure to give them encouragement when it comes to tougher words. Don’t worry about having the different ethnic cuisine names confuse your child. Kids have fun trying to pronounce the names of foreign dishes because it’s something that they normally don’t encounter. As an added bonus, taking children to dine and learn at ethnic eateries exposes them to different cultures, teaching them about the wonders of diversity.
All in all, mealtime is a great place to not only get together and bond with your child, but to sneak in some fun learning outside of school. Kids enjoy reading off the menu, and ordering their own dishes. You have the satisfaction of knowing too, that eating at ethnic restaurants will open your child's mind to tolerance and diversity.
Thanks Alisa. Alisa's a freelance writer looking to expand her writing horizons, so if you're a blogger looking for guest posts, contact Alisa!
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Black Health Initiative, a charity organisation, has revealed illegal practices taking place across the UK where girls less than 15 years of age are subjected to Female Genital Mutilation, after which their families throw a party to celebrate.
It is believed that not less than 8,000 girls have been subjected to this procedure. The practice used to be for the girls to be flown out of the country, but now, nurses are being flown into the country from Africa to carry out FGM on several girls at the same time.
According to Heather Nelson, Chief Executive, Black Health Initiative;
“We know of parties happening here in England and in West Yorkshire. We recently had to break one up, and we’ve stopped another from taking place.
“What we’re finding now is that where once girls were taken abroad to be cut, specialist midwives are now flown over and several girls are cut at the same time, which then leads to a celebration.”
Female genital mutilation is illegal in the UK and as such, such procedures are usually done secretly.
#news #gists #politics #nigeriancelebrity #nigeriannews #breakingnews
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Книгу можно купить в интернет-магазинах:
· OZON.ru 1999р. [Проверить наличие]
· OZON.ru 1662р. [Проверить наличие]
ISBN: 0500238235, 9780500238233Издательство: Thames & Hudson
Год издания: 2005
Book Description The first book to analyze and survey the extraordinary arts of this vast region by material. Throughout history, the beauty and value of the arts of Asia have been derived largely from the exquisite quality of the natural materials from which they are crafted. Materials have spiritual significance in the Asian cultures that use them, and the art is often born from that significance. For instance, jade, because of its hardness and durability, has long been associated with immortality in China, while bamboo, which bends and sways in the strongest winds, symbolizes flexibility in East Asian cultures. Many of the materials that are most often used in Asia were actually discovered, invented, or first worked there, and theypervade every aspect of life?practical, religious, and artistic. Often materials are not what they seem to a Western eye. "Rice" paper is made from mulberry wood pulp; jade is not carved?it is too hard?but abraded....
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Nadal in 2016
|Full name||Rafael Nadal Parera|
|Residence||Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain|
3 June 1986 |
Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain
|Height||1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)|
|Plays||Left-handed (two-handed backhand), born right-handed|
|Coach(es)||Toni Nadal (1990–)
Carlos Moyá (2017–)
|Career record||806–173 (82.33% in Grand Slam and ATP World Tour main draw matches, and in Davis Cup)|
|Career titles||69 (ranked 6th in the Open Era)|
|Highest ranking||No. 1 (18 August 2008)|
|Current ranking||No. 9 (21 November 2016)|
|Grand Slam Singles results|
|Australian Open||W (2009)|
|French Open||W (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014)|
|Wimbledon||W (2008, 2010)|
|US Open||W (2010, 2013)|
|Tour Finals||F (2010, 2013)|
|Olympic Games||W (2008)|
|Highest ranking||No. 26 (8 August 2005)|
|Current ranking||No. 115 (10 October 2016)|
|Grand Slam Doubles results|
|Australian Open||3R (2004, 2005)|
|US Open||SF (2004)|
|Davis Cup||W (2004, 2008, 2009, 2011)|
|Last updated on: 7 November 2016.|
Rafael "Rafa" Nadal Parera (Catalan: [rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə], Spanish: [rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa]; born 3 June 1986) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history,[a] and owing to his dominance and success on the surface, he has been titled "The King of Clay".[b] His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history,[c] with some considering Nadal to be the greatest player of all time.
Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles, the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles, 28 titles in ATP World Tour Masters 1000 events, and 17 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments (a record tied with Roger Federer). He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011. In 2010, he became the seventh player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24. He is the second male player, after Andre Agassi, to complete the singles Career Golden Slam. In 2011, Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year. The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour.
Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players in history who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces—hard court, grass, and clay. By winning the 2014 French Open, Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times (Martina Navratilova 9, Margaret Court 11) and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years, breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg, Pete Sampras, and Roger Federer. Nadal holds the record after winning his eighth straight Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 and is the only player in the open era to achieve such a feat. Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005–2014. He equalled Guillermo Vilas's all-time record of 49 clay court titles by winning the Barcelona Open in 2016.
- 1 Early life
- 2 Tennis career
- 2.1 2002–2004
- 2.2 2005: First Grand Slam title
- 2.3 2006: Second French Open title
- 2.4 2007: Third French Open title
- 2.5 2008: French Open, Wimbledon, Olympic Gold & ascent to No. 1
- 2.6 2009: Australian Open title, loss at French Open
- 2.7 2010: Return to No. 1 and Career Grand Slam
- 2.8 2011: Sixth French Open title
- 2.9 2012: Seventh French Open title
- 2.10 2013: Eighth French Open, second US Open, five masters and return to No. 1
- 2.11 2014: Ninth French Open, masters record & struggle with injury
- 2.12 2015: Continued struggle with form and fall in rankings
- 2.13 2016: 28th Masters title and second Olympic Gold medal
- 2.14 2017
- 3 Rivalries
- 4 Playing style
- 5 Public image
- 6 Off the court
- 7 Career statistics
- 8 See also
- 9 Notes
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Rafael Nadal was born in Manacor, Balearic Islands, Spain, to Sebastián Nadal, a businessman who owns an insurance company, a glass and window company, Vidres Mallorca, and manages his own restaurant, Sa Punta. His mother is Ana María Parera, a housewife. He has a younger sister named María Isabel. His uncle, Miguel Ángel Nadal, is a retired professional footballer, who played for RCD Mallorca, FC Barcelona, and the Spanish national team. Nadal supports football clubs Real Madrid and RCD Mallorca. Recognizing that Nadal had a natural talent for tennis, another uncle, Toni Nadal, a former professional tennis player, introduced him to tennis when he was three years old.
At age eight, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and at that time he encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, as he noticed Nadal played forehand shots with two hands. This may be due to the fact he is ambidextrous, playing tennis with his left hand, and writing with his right.
When Nadal was 12, he won the Spanish and European tennis titles in his age group and was playing tennis and football all the time. Nadal's father made him choose between football and tennis so that his school work would not deteriorate entirely. Nadal said: "I chose tennis. Football had to stop straight away."
When he was 14, the Spanish tennis federation requested that he leave Mallorca and move to Barcelona to continue his tennis training. Nadal's family turned down this request, partly because they feared it would hurt his education, but also because Toni said that "I don't want to believe that you have to go to America, or other places to be a good athlete. You can do it from your home." The decision to stay home meant that Nadal received less financial support from the federation; instead, Nadal's father covered the costs. In May 2001, he defeated former Grand Slam tournament champion Pat Cash in a clay-court exhibition match.
Nadal turned professional at the age of 15, and participated in two events on the ITF junior circuit. In 2002, at the age of 16, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Boy's Singles tournament at Wimbledon, in his first ITF junior event. In the same year he helped Spain defeat the USA in the final of the Junior Davis Cup in his second, and final, appearance on the ITF junior circuit.
By the age of 17, he beat Roger Federer the first time they played and became the youngest man to reach the third round at Wimbledon since Boris Becker. At 19, Nadal won the French Open the first time he played it, a feat not accomplished in Paris for more than 20 years. He eventually won it the first four times he played at Roland Garros. In 2003, he had won the ATP Newcomer of the Year Award. Early in his career, Nadal became known for his habit of biting the trophies he won.
In April 2002, at 15 years and 10 months, the world No. 762 Nadal won his first ATP match, defeating Ramón Delgado, and became the ninth player in the Open Era to do so before the age of 16. The following year, Nadal won two Challenger titles and finished the year in the top 50. At his Wimbledon debut in 2003, Nadal became the youngest man to reach the third round since Boris Becker in 1984.
Nadal reached the third round of the 2004 Australian Open where he lost in three sets against Australian Lleyton Hewitt. Interestingly, had he won, he would have faced Roger Federer in the next round. Later that year, Nadal played his first match against world No. 1 Roger Federer at the 2004 Miami Masters, and won in straight sets, before losing to Fernando González in the fourth round. He was one of the six players who defeated Federer that year (along with Tim Henman, Albert Costa, Gustavo Kuerten, Dominik Hrbatý, and Tomáš Berdych). He missed most of the clay court season, including the French Open, because of a stress fracture in his left ankle.
Nadal, at 18 years and six months, became the youngest player to register a singles victory in a Davis Cup final for a winning nation. By beating world No. 2 Andy Roddick, he helped Spain clinch the 2004 title over the United States in a 3–2 win. He finished the year ranked world No. 51.
2005: First Grand Slam title
At the 2005 Australian Open, Nadal lost in the fourth round to eventual runner-up Lleyton Hewitt. Two months later, Nadal reached the final of the 2005 Miami Masters, and despite being two points from a straight-sets victory, he was defeated in five sets by world No. 1 Roger Federer. Both performances were considered to be breakthroughs for Nadal.
He then dominated the spring clay court season. He won 24 consecutive singles matches, which broke Andre Agassi's Open Era record of consecutive match wins for a male teenager. Nadal won the Torneo Conde de Godó in Barcelona and beat 2004 French Open runner-up Guillermo Coria in the finals of the 2005 Monte Carlo Masters and the 2005 Rome Masters. These victories raised his ranking to world No. 5 and made him one of the favorites at his career-first French Open. On his 19th birthday, Nadal defeated Federer in the 2005 French Open semifinals, being one of only four players who defeated the top-seeded player that year (along with Marat Safin, Richard Gasquet, and David Nalbandian). Two days later, he defeated Mariano Puerta in the final, becoming the second male player after Mats Wilander to win the French Open on his first attempt. He also became the first teenager to win a Grand Slam singles title since Pete Sampras won the 1990 US Open at age 19. Winning the French Open improved Nadal's ranking to world No. 3.
Three days after his victory in Paris, Nadal's 24-match winning streak was snapped in the first round of the grass court Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany, where he lost to the German Alexander Waske. He then lost in the second round of 2005 Wimbledon to Gilles Müller of Luxembourg.
Immediately after Wimbledon, Nadal won 16 consecutive matches and three consecutive tournaments, bringing his ranking to world No. 2 on 25 July 2005.
Nadal started his North American summer hard-court season by defeating Agassi in the final of the 2005 Canada Masters, but lost in the first round of the 2005 Cincinnati Masters. Nadal was seeded second at the 2005 US Open, where he was upset in the third round by world No. 49 James Blake in four sets.
In September, he defeated Coria in the final of the China Open in Beijing and won both of his Davis Cup matches against Italy. In October, he won his fourth ATP Masters Series title of the year, defeating Ivan Ljubičić in the final of the 2005 Madrid Masters. He then suffered a foot injury that prevented him from competing in the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup.
Both Nadal and Federer won eleven singles titles and four ATP Masters Series titles in 2005. Nadal broke Mats Wilander's previous teenage record of nine in 1983. Nine of Nadal's titles were on clay, and the remainder were on hard courts. Nadal won 79 matches, second only to Federer's 81. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for 2005, with eleven 6–0 sets during the year. Also, he earned the highest year-end ranking ever by a Spaniard and the ATP Most Improved Player of the Year award.
2006: Second French Open title
Nadal missed the Australian Open because of a foot injury. In February, he lost in the semifinals of the first tournament he played, the Open 13 tournament in Marseille, France. Two weeks later, he handed Roger Federer his first loss of the year in the final of the Dubai Duty Free Men's Open (in 2006, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray were the only two men who defeated Federer). To complete the spring hard-court season, Nadal was upset in the semifinals of the Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California, by James Blake, and was upset in the second round of the 2006 Miami Masters.
On European clay, Nadal won all four tournaments he entered and 24 consecutive matches. He defeated Federer in the final of the Masters Series Monte Carlo in four sets. The following week, he defeated Tommy Robredo in the final of the Open Sabadell Atlántico tournament in Barcelona. After a one-week break, Nadal won the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, defeating Federer in a fifth-set tiebreaker in the final, after saving two match points and equaling Björn Borg's tally of 16 ATP titles won as a teenager. Nadal broke Argentinian Guillermo Vilas's 29-year male record of 53 consecutive clay-court match victories by winning his first round match at the French Open. Vilas presented Nadal with a trophy, but commented later that Nadal's feat was less impressive than his own because Nadal's winning streak covered two years and was accomplished by adding easy tournaments to his schedule.
Nadal went on to play Federer in the final of the French Open. The first two sets of the match were hardly competitive, as the rivals traded 6–1 sets. Nadal won the third set easily and served for the match in the fourth set before Federer broke him and forced a tiebreaker. Nadal won the tiebreaker and became the first player to defeat Federer in a Grand Slam tournament final.
Nadal injured his shoulder while playing a quarterfinal match against Lleyton Hewitt at the Artois Championships, played on grass at the Queen's Club in London. Nadal was unable to complete the match, which ended his 26-match winning streak. Nadal was seeded second at Wimbledon, but was two points from defeat against American qualifier Robert Kendrick in the second round before coming back to win in five sets. In the third round, Nadal defeated world No. 20 Andre Agassi in straight sets at Agassi's last career match at Wimbledon. Nadal also won his next three matches in straight sets, which set up his first Wimbledon final, which was against Federer, who had won this tournament the three previous years. Nadal was the first Spanish man since Manuel Santana in 1966, to reach the Wimbledon final, but Federer won the match in four sets to win his fourth consecutive Wimbledon title.
During the lead up to the US Open, Nadal played the two Masters Series tournaments in North America. He was upset in the third round of the Rogers Cup in Toronto and the quarterfinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. Nadal was seeded second at the US Open, but lost in the quarterfinals to world No. 54 Mikhail Youzhny of Russia in four sets.
Nadal played only three tournaments the remainder of the year. Joachim Johansson, ranked world No. 690, upset Nadal in the second round of the Stockholm Open. The following week, Nadal lost to Tomáš Berdych in the quarterfinals of the year's last Masters Series tournament, the Mutua Madrileña Masters in Madrid. During the round-robin stage of the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup, Nadal lost to James Blake but defeated Nikolay Davydenko and Robredo. Because of those two victories, Nadal qualified for the semifinals, where he lost to Federer. This was Nadal's third loss in nine career matches with Federer.
Nadal went on to become the first player since Andre Agassi in 1994–95 to finish the year as the world No. 2 in consecutive years.
2007: Third French Open title
Nadal started the year by playing in six hard-court tournaments. He lost in the semifinals and first round of his first two tournaments and then lost in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open to eventual runner-up Fernando González. After another quarterfinal loss at the Dubai Tennis Championships, he won the 2007 Indian Wells Masters, before Novak Djoković defeated him in the quarterfinals of the 2007 Miami Masters.
He had comparatively more success after returning to Europe to play five clay-court tournaments. He won the titles at the Masters Series Monte Carlo, the Open Sabadell Atlántico in Barcelona, and the Masters Series Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, before losing to Roger Federer in the final of the Masters Series Hamburg. This defeat ended his 81-match winning streak on clay, which is the male Open Era record for consecutive wins on a single surface. He then rebounded to win the French Open for the third straight year, defeating Federer once again in the final.
Nadal played the Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London for the second consecutive year. As in 2006, Nadal was upset in the quarterfinals. Nadal then won consecutive five-set matches during the third and fourth rounds of Wimbledon before being beaten by Federer in the five-set final. This was Federer's first five-set match at Wimbledon since 2001.
In July, Nadal won the clay court Mercedes Cup in Stuttgart, which proved to be his last title of the year. He played three important tournaments during the North American summer hard court season. He was a semifinalist at the Masters Series Rogers Cup in Montreal before losing his first match at the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. He was the second-seeded player at the US Open, but was defeated in the fourth round by David Ferrer.
After a month-long break from tournament tennis, Nadal played the Mutua Madrileña Masters in Madrid and the BNP Paribas Masters in Paris. David Nalbandian upset him in the quarterfinals and final of those tournaments. To end the year, Nadal won two of his three-round robin matches to advance to the semifinals of the Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, where Federer defeated him in straight sets.
During the second half of the year, Nadal battled a knee injury suffered during the Wimbledon final. In addition, there were rumors at the end of the year that the foot injury he suffered during 2005, caused long-term damage, which were given credence by coach Toni Nadal's claim that the problem was "serious". Nadal and his spokesman strongly denied this, however, with Nadal himself calling the story "totally false".
2008: French Open, Wimbledon, Olympic Gold & ascent to No. 1
Nadal began the year in India, where he was comprehensively beaten by Mikhail Youzhny in the final of the Chennai Open. Nadal then reached the semifinals of the Australian Open for the first time. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Nadal in the semifinal of 2008 Australian Open. Nadal also reached the final of the Miami Masters for the second time.
During the spring clay-court season, Nadal won four singles titles and defeated Roger Federer in three finals. He beat Federer at the Masters Series Monte Carlo for the third straight year, capturing his Open Era record fourth consecutive title there. He won in straight sets, despite Federer's holding a 4–0 lead in the second set. Nadal then won his fourth consecutive title at the Open Sabadell Atlántico tournament in Barcelona. A few weeks later, Nadal won his first title at the Masters Series Hamburg, defeating Federer in the three-set final. He then won the French Open, becoming the fifth man in the Open Era to win a Grand Slam singles title without losing a set. He defeated Federer in the final for the third straight year, but this was the most lopsided of all their matches, as Nadal only lost four games and gave Federer his first bagel since 1999. This was Nadal's fourth consecutive French title, tying Björn Borg's all-time record. Nadal became the fourth male player during Open era to win the same Grand Slam singles tournament four consecutive years (the others being Borg, Pete Sampras, and Federer).
Nadal then played Federer in the final of Wimbledon for the third consecutive year, in the most anticipated match of their rivalry. Nadal entered the final on a 23-match winning streak, including his first career grass-court title at the Artois Championships staged at the Queen's Club in London prior to Wimbledon. Federer had won his record fifth grass-court title at the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, and then reached the Wimbledon final without losing a set. Unlike their previous two Wimbledon finals, though, Federer was not the prohibitive favorite, and many analysts picked Nadal to win. They played the longest (in terms of time on court, not in terms of numbers of games) final in Wimbledon history, and because of rain delays, Nadal won the fifth set 9–7 in near-darkness. The match was widely lauded as the greatest Wimbledon final ever, with some tennis critics even calling it the greatest match in tennis history.
By winning his first Wimbledon title, Nadal became the third man in the open era to win both the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year, after Rod Laver in 1969, and Borg in 1978–80, (Federer later accomplished this the following year) as well as the second Spaniard to win Wimbledon. He also ended Federer's record streak of five consecutive Wimbledon titles and 65 straight wins on grass courts. This was also the first time that Nadal won two Grand Slam tournaments back-to-back.
After Wimbledon, Nadal extended his winning streak to a career-best 32 matches. He won his second Rogers Cup title in Toronto, and then made it into the semifinals of the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati. As a result, Nadal clinched the US Open Series and, combined with Federer's early-round losses in both of those tournaments, finally earned the world No. 1 ranking on 18 August, officially ending Federer's record four-and-a-half-year reign at the top.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Nadal defeated Novak Djoković in the semifinals and Fernando González of Chile in the final to win his first Olympic gold medal. Nadal became the first male player ranked in the top five to win the gold medal.
At the US Open, Nadal was the top-seeded player for the first time at a Grand Slam tournament. He did not lose a set during his first three matches, defeating qualifiers in the first and second rounds and Viktor Troicki in the third round. He then needed four sets to defeat both Sam Querrey in the fourth round and Mardy Fish in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, he lost to eventual runner up, Andy Murray. Later in the year in Madrid, Nadal helped Spain defeat the United States in the Davis Cup semifinals.
At the Mutua Madrileña Masters in Madrid, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Gilles Simon. However, his performance at the event guaranteed that he would become the first Spaniard during the open era to finish the year as the world No. 1. On 24 October at the Campoamor theatre in Oviedo, Spain, Nadal was given the Prince of Asturias Award for Sports, in recognition of his achievements in tennis. Two weeks after the Madrid Masters at the BNP Paribas Masters in France, Nadal reached the quarterfinals, where he faced Nikolay Davydenko. Nadal lost the first set 6–1, before retiring in the second with a knee injury. The following week, Nadal announced his withdrawal from the year-ending Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, citing tendinitis of the knee. On 10 November, Nadal withdrew from Spain's Davis Cup final against Argentina, as his knee injury had not healed completely.
2009: Australian Open title, loss at French Open
Nadal's first official ATP tour event for the year was the 250 series Qatar Open in Doha. After his first-round match with Fabrice Santoro, Nadal was awarded the 2008 ATP World Tour Champion trophy. Nadal eventually lost in the quarterfinals to Gaël Monfils. Nadal also entered and won the tournament's doubles event with partner Marc López, defeating the world No. 1 doubles team of Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić in the final. As noted by statistician Greg Sharko, this was the first time since 1990 the world No. 1 singles player had played the world No. 1 doubles player in a final.
At the 2009 Australian Open, Nadal won his first five matches without dropping a set, before defeating compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the semifinals in the second longest match in Australian Open history at 5 hours and 14 minutes. This win set up a championship match with Roger Federer, their first meeting ever in a hard-court Grand Slam tournament and their nineteenth meeting overall. Nadal defeated Federer in five sets to earn his first hard-court Grand Slam singles title, making him the first Spaniard to win the Australian Open and the fourth male tennis player—after Jimmy Connors, Mats Wilander, and Andre Agassi—to win Grand Slam singles titles on three different surfaces. This win also made Nadal the first male tennis player to hold three Grand Slam singles titles on three different surfaces at the same time.
At the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam, Nadal lost in the final to second-seeded Andy Murray in three sets. During the final, Nadal called a trainer to attend to a tendon problem with his right knee, which notably affected his play in the final set. Although this knee problem was not associated with Nadal's right knee tendonitis, it was serious enough to cause him to withdraw from the Barclays Dubai Tennis Championships a week later.
In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Serbia in a Davis Cup World Group first-round tie on clay in Benidorm, Spain. Nadal defeated Janko Tipsarević and Novak Djokovic. The win over world No. 3 Djokovic was Nadal's twelfth consecutive Davis Cup singles match win and boosted his career win–loss record against Djokovic to 11–4, including 6–0 on clay.
At the 2009 Indian Wells Masters, Nadal won his thirteenth Masters 1000 series tournament. In the fourth round, Nadal saved five match points, before defeating David Nalbandian for the first time. Nadal defeated Juan Martín del Potro in the quarterfinals and Andy Roddick in the semifinals, before defeating Murray in the final. The next ATP tour event was the 2009 Miami Masters. Nadal advanced to the quarterfinals, where he again faced Argentinian del Potro, this time losing the match. This was the first time del Potro had defeated Nadal in five career matches.
Nadal began his European clay court season at the 2009 Monte Carlo Masters, where he won a record fifth consecutive singles title there. He defeated Novak Djokovic in the final for his fifth consecutive win, a record in the open era. Nadal is the first male player to win the same ATP Master series event for five consecutive years.
Nadal then competed in the ATP 500 event in Barcelona. He advanced to his fifth consecutive Barcelona final, where he faced David Ferrer. Nadal went on to beat Ferrer to record five consecutive Barcelona victories. At the Rome Masters, Nadal reached the final, where he defeated Novak Djokovic to improve his overall record to 13–4 and clay record to 8–0 against the Serb. He became the first player to win four Rome titles.
After winning two clay-court Masters, he participated in the Madrid Open. He lost to Roger Federer in the final. This was the first time that Nadal had lost to Federer since the semifinals of the 2007 Tennis Masters Cup.
By beating Lleyton Hewitt in the third round of 2009 French Open, Nadal (2005–09 French Open) set a record of 31 consecutive wins at Roland Garros, beating the previous record of 28 by Björn Borg (1978–81 French Open). Nadal had won 32 consecutive sets at Roland Garros (since winning the last 2 sets at the 2007 French Open final against Federer), the second-longest winning streak in the tournament's history behind Björn Borg's record of 41 consecutive sets. This run came to an end on 31 May 2009, when Nadal lost to eventual runner-up, Robin Söderling in the 4th round. This was Nadal's first and, until 2015, only loss at the French Open.
After his surprise defeat at Roland Garros, Nadal withdrew from the AEGON Championships. It was confirmed that Nadal was suffering from tendinitis in both of his knees. On 19 June, Nadal withdrew from the 2009 Wimbledon Championship, citing his recurring knee injury. He was the first champion not to defend the title since Goran Ivanišević in 2001. Roger Federer went on to win the title, and Nadal consequently dropped back to world No. 2 on 6 July 2009. Nadal later announced his withdrawal from the Davis Cup.
On 4 August, Nadal's uncle, Toni Nadal, confirmed that Nadal would return to play at the Rogers Cup in Montreal. There, in his first tournament since Roland Garros, Nadal lost in the quarterfinals to Juan Martín del Potro. With this loss, he relinquished the No. 2 spot to Andy Murray on 17 August 2009, ranking outside the top two for the first time since 25 July 2005.
In the quarterfinals of the US Open he defeated Fernando González in a rain-delayed encounter. However, like his previous US Open campaign, he fell in the semifinals, this time losing to eventual champion Juan Martín del Potro. Despite the loss, he regained the No. 2 ranking after Andy Murray's early exit.
In December, Nadal participated in the second Davis Cup final of his career. He defeated Tomáš Berdych in his first singles rubber to give the Spanish Davis Cup Team their first point in the tie. After the Spanish Davis Cup team had secured its fourth Davis Cup victory, Nadal defeated Jan Hájek in the first Davis Cup dead rubber of his career. The win gave Nadal his 14th consecutive singles victory at Davis Cup (his 13th on clay).
Nadal finished the year as No. 2 for the fourth time in five years. Nadal won the Golden Bagel Award for the third time in 2009, with nine 6–0 sets during the year. In doing so he set a new record of Award wins, since matched only by Novak Djokovic.
2010: Return to No. 1 and Career Grand Slam
Nadal began the year by participating in the Capitala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He defeated compatriot David Ferrer to reach his second final in the exhibition tournament. In the final, Nadal defeated Robin Söderling in straight sets.
In the Australian Open, Nadal defeated Peter Luczak, Lukáš Lacko, Philipp Kohlschreiber, and Ivo Karlović. In the quarterfinals, Nadal pulled out at 3–0 down in the third set against Andy Murray, having lost the first two sets. After examining Nadal's knees, doctors told him that he should take two weeks of rest, and then two weeks of rehabilitation.
Nadal reached the semifinals in singles at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, where he was the defending champion; however, eventual champion Ivan Ljubičić defeated him in three sets. He and countryman López won the doubles title, though, as wildcard entrants against number one seeds Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić. This boosted his doubles ranking 175 places to world number 66, whereas he was 241st before Indian Wells. After Indian Wells, Nadal reached the semifinals of the Sony Ericsson Open, where he lost to eventual champion Andy Roddick in three sets.
Nadal reached the final of the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters in Monaco, after beating fellow Spaniard David Ferrer in the semifinals. This was Nadal's first tour final since Doha earlier in the year. He won the final in straight sets over his compatriot Fernando Verdasco. He lost 14 games throughout all five matches, the fewest he had ever lost en route to a championship, and the final was the shortest Masters 1000 final in terms of games. With this win, Nadal became the first player in the open era to win a tournament title for six straight years.
Unlike in previous years, Nadal next chose to skip the Barcelona tournament (despite being that event's five-time defending champion), and his next tournament was the 2010 Internazionali BNL d'Italia. He defeated Philipp Kohlschreiber, Victor Hănescu, and Stanlias Wawrinka, all in straight sets, to win his 57th straight match in April. In the semifinals, he faced a resilient Ernests Gulbis, who defeated Roger Federer earlier in the tournament and took Nadal to three sets for the first time this clay-court season. Nadal eventually prevailed in 2 hours and 40minutes. He then defeated compatriot David Ferrer in the final for his fifth title at Rome to equal Andre Agassi's record of winning 17 ATP Masters titles.
Nadal then entered the 2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, where he had finished runner-up the previous year. Being one of the top eight seeds, he received a bye in the first round. In the second round, he defeated qualifier Alexandr Dolgopolov in straight sets. He then played the six-foot-nine-inch American John Isner. Nadal comfortably came through in straight sets. He defeated Gaël Monfils in the quarterfinals and his countryman Nicolás Almagro in the next round, who was playing in his first Masters 1000 semifinal. The first set of his match against Almagro would be just the second set he lost on clay up to this point in 2010. Nadal then defeated longtime rival Roger Federer, avenging his 2009 finals loss to Federer. The win gave him his 18th Masters title, breaking the all-time record. He became the first player to win all three clay-court Masters titles in a single year and the first player to win three consecutive Masters events. Nadal moved back to No. 2 the following day.
Entering the French Open, many were expecting another Nadal-Federer final. However, this became impossible when rival Robin Söderling defeated Federer in the quarterfinals. The failure of Federer to reach the semifinals allowed Nadal to regain the world No. 1 ranking if he were to win the tournament. Nadal advanced to the final and defeated Soderling. The win gave Nadal his seventh Grand Slam tournament title, tying him with John McEnroe, John Newcombe, and Mats Wilander on the all-time list, and allowed Nadal to reclaim the position of world No. 1, denying his biggest rival Roger Federer the all-time record for weeks at No. 1. By this win, Nadal became the first man to win the three Masters series on clay and the French Open. The victory at Roland Garros marked the second time (2008) that Nadal had won the French Open without dropping a single set (tying the record held by Björn Borg). With the win in Paris he also booked his place at the World Tour Finals in London and became the first player to win five French Open titles in six years.
In June, Nadal entered the AEGON Championships, which he had won in 2008, at the prestigious Queen's Club. He played singles and doubles at this grass court tournament as a warmup for Wimbledon. Being one of the top eight seeds, he received a bye in the first round. In the second round, where he played his first match on grass since winning Wimbledon 2008, he defeated Marcos Daniel. In the third round, he played Denis Istomin of Uzbekistan, whom he defeated to advance to the quarterfinals. However, he was defeated by compatriot Feliciano López.
At the Wimbledon Championships, Nadal beat Kei Nishikori and Robin Haase in the opening rounds. He defeated Philipp Petzschner in the third round, winning after five sets of play. During his match with Petzschner, Nadal was warned twice for allegedly receiving coaching from his coach and uncle, Toni Nadal, resulting in a $2000 fine by Wimbledon officials. He defeated Paul-Henri Mathieu of France in the round of 16 and in the quarterfinals, he beat Robin Söderling of Sweden in four sets. He defeated Andy Murray in straight sets to reach his fourth Wimbledon final.
Nadal won the 2010 Wimbledon men's title by defeating Tomáš Berdych in straight sets. After the win, Nadal said that winning Wimbledon was "more than a dream" for him, and thanked the crowd for being both kind and supportive to him and his adversary during the match and in the semifinal against Andy Murray. The win gave him a second Wimbledon title and an eighth career major title just past the age of 24. The win also gave Nadal his first "Old World Triple"; the last person to achieve this was Björn Borg in 1978 ("Old World Triple" is a term given to winning the Italian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon in the same year).
In his first hard-court tournament since Wimbledon, Nadal advanced to the semifinals of the Rogers Cup, along with No. 2 Novak Djokovic, No. 3 Roger Federer, and No. 4 Andy Murray, after coming back from a one-set deficit to defeat Philipp Kohlschreiber. In the semifinal, defending champion Murray defeated Nadal, becoming the only player to triumph over the Spaniard twice in 2010. Nadal also competed in the doubles with Djokovic in a one-time, high-profile partnership of the world No. 1 and No. 2, the first such team since the Jimmy Connors and Arthur Ashe team in 1976. However, Nadal and Djokovic lost in the first round to Canadians Milos Raonic and Vasek Pospisil. The next week, Nadal was the top seed at the Cincinnati Masters, losing in the quarterfinals to 2006 Australian Open finalist Marcos Baghdatis.
At the 2010 US Open, Nadal was the top seed for the second time in three years. He defeated Teymuraz Gabashvili, Denis Istomin, Gilles Simon, number 23 seed Feliciano López, number 8 seed Fernando Verdasco, and number 12 seed Mikhail Youzhny all without dropping a set, to reach his first US Open final, becoming only the eighth man in the Open Era to reach the final of all four majors, and at age 24 the second youngest ever to do so, behind only Jim Courier. In the final, he defeated Novak Djokovic, which completed the Career Grand Slam for Nadal; he also became the second male after Andre Agassi to complete a Career Golden Slam.
Nadal's US Open victory meant that he also became the first man to win majors on clay, grass, and hard court in the same year, and the first to win the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open in the same year since Rod Laver in 1969. Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only male players to win at least two Grand Slams each on clay, grass, and hardcourts in their careers. Nadal also became the first left-handed man to win the US Open since John McEnroe in 1984. Nadal's victory also clinched the year-end No. 1 ranking for 2010, making Nadal only the third player (after Ivan Lendl in 1989 and Roger Federer in 2009; Novak Djokovic joined them in 2014) to regain the year-end number one ranking after having lost it.
Nadal began his Asian tour at the 2010 PTT Thailand Open in Bangkok where he reached the semifinals, losing to compatriot Guillermo García-López. Nadal was able to regroup, and at the 2010 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships in Tokyo (debut), he defeated Santiago Giraldo, Milos Raonic, and Dmitry Tursunov. In the semifinals against Viktor Troicki, Nadal saved two match points in the deciding set tiebreaker to win it 9–7 in the end. In the final, Nadal comfortably defeated Gaël Monfils for his seventh title of the season.
Nadal next played in the 2010 Shanghai Rolex Masters in Shanghai, where he was the top seed, but lost to world No. 12 Jürgen Melzer in the third round, snapping his record streak of 21 consecutive Masters quarterfinals. On 5 November, Nadal announced that he was pulling out of the Paris Masters owing to tendinitis in his left shoulder. On 21 November 2010, in London, Nadal won the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award for the first time.
At the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals in London, Nadal defeated Roddick in the first match, Djokovic in the second match, and Berdych in the third match, to advance to the semifinals for the third time in his career. This was the first time that Nadal achieved three wins in the round-robin stage. In the semifinal, he defeated Murray in a hard-fought match to reach his first final at the tournament. In only their second meeting of the year, Federer beat Nadal in the final. After the match, Nadal stated, "Roger is probably the more complete player of the world. I'm not going to say I lost that match because I was tired." This was a reference to his marathon victory over Murray on Saturday. "I tried my best this afternoon, but Roger was simply better than me."
Nadal ended the 2010 season having won three Grand Slams and three Masters 1000 tournaments, and having regained the No. 1 ranking.
2011: Sixth French Open title
Nadal started 2011, by participating in the Mubadala World Tennis Championship in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He defeated Tomáš Berdych to reach his third final in the exhibition tournament. In the final, he won over his main rival Roger Federer.
At the Qatar ExxonMobil Open ATP 250 event in Doha, Qatar, Nadal barely struggled past his first three opponents, Karol Beck, Lukáš Lacko, and Ernests Gulbis, citing fever as the primary reason for his poor performance. He fell in straight sets to a resurgent Nikolay Davydenko in the semifinals. He and countryman López won the doubles title by defeating the Italian duo Daniele Bracciali and Andreas Seppi.
In the first round of the Australian Open, Nadal defeated Marcos Daniel. In the second round, he beat upcoming qualifier Ryan Sweeting. In the third round, he was tested by emerging player Bernard Tomic of Australia, but Nadal was victorious in straight sets. He went on to defeat Marin Čilić of Croatia, in the fourth round. He suffered an apparent hamstring injury against fellow Spaniard David Ferrer early in the pair's quarterfinal match and ultimately lost in straight sets, thus ending his effort to win four major tournaments in a row.
On 7 February 2011, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Nadal won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for the first time, ahead of footballer Lionel Messi, Sebastian Vettel, Spain's Andrés Iniesta, Lakers basketball player Kobe Bryant, and Filipino boxer Manny Pacquiao.
In March, Nadal helped Spain defeat Belgium in a 2011 Davis Cup World Group first-round tie on hard indoor courts in the Spiroudome in Charleroi, Belgium. Nadal defeated Ruben Bemelmans. After Spain's victory in three matches, Nadal won a second dead rubber against Olivier Rochus.
At the 2011 BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, Nadal defeated upcoming qualifier Rik de Voest in his first match. In the third round, he beat qualifier Ryan Sweeting. He then defeated qualifier Somdev Devvarman in the fourth round. In the quarterfinals, Nadal had a hard time against Croatian Ivo Karlović, and in the semifinals he met Juan Martín del Potro. The last three confrontations between the players were in favor of del Potro, but despite some difficulties, Nadal won in straight sets. He reached his third final at Indian Wells, and lost against Novak Djokovic. The next day, Nadal and Djokovic played a friendly match in Bogotá, Colombia, which Nadal won.
Nadal started the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open with a win over Kei Nishikori then met his compatriot Feliciano López in the third round, whom he defeated. In the fourth round, he defeated Alexandr Dolgopolov. In the quarterfinals, Nadal had the first real test of the tournament when he met the world No. 7 Tomáš Berdych, who he defeated in three sets. In the semifinals, Nadal met his main rival Roger Federer, their first meeting in a semifinal since the 2007 Masters Cup. Nadal won in straight sets. For the second time in two weeks, Nadal faced Novak Djokovic in the final. As in the Indian Wells tournament, Nadal won the first set, and Djokovic the second. The third set ended in a tiebreak, with Djokovic winning. This was the first time Nadal reached the finals of Indian Wells and Miami in the same year.
Nadal began his clay-court season by winning the 2011 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters with the loss of just one set. Nadal defeated Jarkko Nieminen, Richard Gasquet, Ivan Ljubičić, and Andy Murray to reach his seventh consecutive final in Monte Carlo. In the final, Nadal avenged his defeat by David Ferrer in the quarterfinals of the 2011 Australian Open. He became the first man to win the same tournament seven times in a row at the ATP level in the open era. Nadal chalked up his 37th straight win at the clay-court event, where he has not lost since the 2003 Monte Carlo Masters. It was his 44th career title and 19th at a Masters event. It was his first title since winning the Japan Open. Nadal shares third place with Björn Borg and Manuel Orantes in the list of players with the most titles on clay.
Just a week later, Nadal won his sixth Barcelona Open crown, winning the 2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell final against Ferrer in straight sets. In doing so, Nadal became the first man in the open era to have won two tournaments at least six times each. Nadal was then the leader in terms of matches won in the year, with 29. He did not gain any points for this victory, however, as only four ATP 500 tournaments can be counted towards a players ranking at one time, but they will go into effect 8 August 2011, when the result of the 2010 Legg Mason Tennis Classic expires.
At the 2011 Mutua Madrid Open in May, he defeated Marcos Baghdatis, had a walkover against Juan Martín del Potro, and defeated Michaël Llodra and Roger Federer, before losing the final to Novak Djokovic in two sets.
Nadal again lost in straight sets to Novak Djokovic in the Rome Masters final. This marked the first time that Nadal has lost twice on clay to the same player in a single season. However, Nadal retained his No. 1 ranking during the clay-court season and won his sixth French Open title by defeating Roger Federer.
During the first three rounds of Wimbledon, Nadal beat Michael Russell, Ryan Sweeting, and Gilles Müller. He then faced Juan Martín del Potro in the fourth round and Mardy Fish in the quarterfinals, defeating both players in four sets. His semifinal opponent was world No. 4 Andy Murray. Nadal lost the first set, then won the next three. This set up a final against world No. 2 Novak Djokovic, who had beaten Nadal in all four of their matches in 2011 (all in Masters finals). After dropping the third set, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the fourth. This was the first Grand Slam tournament final that Nadal had lost to someone other than Roger Federer and his first loss at Wimbledon since his five-set loss to Federer in the 2007 final. The loss ended Nadal's winning streak in Grand Slam finals at seven, preventing him from tying the Open-Era record of eight victories in a row set by Pete Sampras. Djokovic's success at the tournament also meant that the Serb ascended to world No. 1 for the first time, breaking the dominance of Federer and Nadal on the position, which one of them had held for every week since 2 February 2004. Nadal fell to world No. 2 in the rankings for the first time since June 2010.
After resting for a month from a foot injury sustained during Wimbledon, he contested the 2011 Rogers Cup, where he was shocked by Croatian Ivan Dodig in a third-set tiebreak. He next played in the 2011 Cincinnati Masters, where he lost to Mardy Fish in the quarterfinals.
At the 2011 US Open, Nadal defeated Andrey Golubev in straight sets and advanced to the third round after Frenchman Nicolas Mahut retired. After defeating David Nalbandian on 4 September, Nadal collapsed in his post-match press conference owing to severe cramps. Nadal lost to Novak Djokovic in the final in four sets.
After the US Open, Nadal made the final of the Japan Open Tennis Championships. Nadal, who was the 2010 champion, was defeated by Andy Murray. At the Shanghai Masters, Nadal was top seed with the absence of Novak Djokovic, but was upset in the third round by No. 23 ranked Florian Mayer in straight sets. At the 2011 ATP World Tour Finals, Nadal was defeated by Roger Federer in the round-robin stage, in one of the quickest matches between the two, lasting just 60 minutes. In the following match, Nadal was defeated by Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, and was eliminated from the tournament.
In the Davis Cup final in December, Nadal had a quick straight-set win over Juan Mónaco in his first match. In his second match against Juan Martín del Potro, Nadal did not win a single service game in the first set but came back to win the match.
Nadal ended his tennis season with the Mubadala World Tennis Championship, an exhibition tournament not affiliated with the ATP. The tournament, normally held in early January, was held from 29 to 31 December 2011. Nadal had a bye into the semifinals and played against David Ferrer, who defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the quarterfinals. Ferrer won the match in straight sets. Nadal was then relegated to the third place match against Roger Federer. Nadal won in straight sets.
2012: Seventh French Open title
Nadal began his ATP World Tour season at the Qatar Open. He beat Philipp Kohlschreiber and qualifier Denis Gremelmayr in rounds one and two and then won against seventh-seeded Mikhail Youzhny. In the semifinal he lost to Gaël Monfils in two sets.
In the Australian Open Nadal began the tournament by breezing past qualifier Alex Kuznetsov of United States. The second round against Tommy Haas, who has never won a set against Rafael, was tighter, but Nadal again advanced in three straight sets. He defeated Feliciano López in the fourth round, then won in his quarterfinal and semifinal matches against Tomáš Berdych and Roger Federer respectively. By doing so, he has reached the finals of all four majors consecutively. In the final, on 29 January, he was beaten by Novak Djokovic in a five-set match that lasted 5 hours and 53 minutes, the longest ever match for a Grand Slam title. The pair set a new world record, breaking the latest longest major singles final between Mats Wilander and Ivan Lendl, which lasted 4 hours and 54 minutes, at the US Open in 1988.
As the clay court season started, Nadal was seeded 2nd at the 2012 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters. He defeated Jarkko Nieminen, Mikhael Kukushkin, Stanislas Wawrinka, and Gilles Simon before topping world No. 1 Novak Djokovic to win his 8th consecutive Monte Carlo trophy. This ended a streak of seven straight final losses to Djokovic, which began at the 2011 Indian Wells Masters final.
A day after the Monte Carlo Masters Final, Nadal traveled to Barcelona where he received a bye in the first round. His tremendous record on clay continued as he beat compatriot David Ferrer in a hard fought final to clinch his seventh title in eight years at the Barcelona Open.
The Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open did not go very well for Nadal. He beat Nikolay Davydenko, one of the few players to hold a positive head to head record over Nadal, in straight sets. He then lost to Fernando Verdasco, who he held a 13–0 record against in the third round 7–5 in the third, after blowing a 4–0 final set lead. Nadal stated that he was very unhappy with the new blue-colored clay and threatened not to attend in the future if the surface was not changed back to red clay. Several other players (such as Novak Djokovic) voiced similar criticism.
In the last tournament before the French Open, Nadal went to the Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome. He advanced to his 7th final after defeating Florian Mayer, Marcel Granollers, Tomáš Berdych, and David Ferrer all in straight sets, setting up another finals showdown with World number one Novak Djokovic. Nadal defeated Djokovic in a tight straight sets encounter. This was his second victory over Novak Djokovic in 2012 and his third title of the season, as well as his 6th Rome title overall.
At the 2012 French Open, Nadal dropped only 30 games against his first five opponents, without losing a set. In the semifinal he faced a friend and compatriot in David Ferrer. Unlike their previous two encounters in Barcelona and Rome, Nadal showed almost no flaws, dismantling Ferrer to set up another championship title fight with world No. 1 Novak Djokovic. This marked the first time where two opposing players faced each other in four consecutive Grand Slam tournament finals. They also became the only players to have faced the same opponent in the finals of all four Majors. Nadal won the first two sets before Djokovic claimed the third. Play was suspended in the fourth set owing to rain. When the match resumed the following day, Nadal won when Djokovic double faulted on match point, sealing a record 7th Roland Garros title for Nadal. Throughout the tournament, Nadal lost only one set, occurring in the final. By winning his seventh title at Roland Garros, Nadal surpassed Borg's overall titles record to become the most successful tennis player in French Open history. Nadal only lost a total of three sets in the 2012 clay court season.
In his first grass court tournament of the season at Halle, Nadal advanced to quarterfinals, where he lost to Philipp Kohlschreiber. At Wimbledon, Nadal beat Thomaz Bellucci in the first round. He then met Lukáš Rosol in the second round, a player who was then ranked 100th in the world and had never advanced beyond the first qualifying round in his five previous Wimbledons. In one of the biggest upsets in Grand Slam history, Rosol defeated Nadal in five sets. This was the first time since the Wimbledon 2005 championships that Nadal had failed to progress past the 2nd round of a Grand Slam tournament.
In July 2012, Nadal withdrew from the 2012 Olympics owing to tendinitis in his knee, which subsequently also led to him pulling out of both the Rogers Cup and Cincinnati Masters. Prior to his withdrawal, Nadal had been touted as the favourite to successfully defend the Gold Medal he won in Beijing four years earlier, despite his early loss at Wimbledon. On 15 August, Nadal announced his withdrawal from the US Open in New York, as he felt he still was not healthy enough to compete. On 11 September 2012, Nadal fell to a world No. 4 ranking, his lowest since 2010, as 2012 US Open winner Andy Murray climbed to No. 3. Nadal ended 2012 ranked No. 4 in the world, the first time in eight years that he has not been ranked 1st or 2nd at the end of the year.
2013: Eighth French Open, second US Open, five masters and return to No. 1
Two weeks prior to the 2013 Australian Open, Nadal officially withdrew from the tournament citing a stomach virus. Nadal's withdrawal subsequently saw him drop out of the ATP's Top Four for the first time since 2005.
Playing in his first tournaments in South America since 2005, Nadal made his comeback at the Latin American Golden Swing, starting his 2013 season at the 2013 VTR Open in Chile, where he advanced to the final without dropping a set but was beaten by Argentine world No. 73 journeyman Horacio Zeballos. He also lost in the doubles final (with Juan Mónaco). At the 2013 Brasil Open, at São Paulo, Nadal struggled in the opening rounds, dropping sets to Berlocq and qualifier Alund. Despite the poor clay surface, which was the subject of player complaints, he reached the final, where he defeated David Nalbandian. In the title match of the 2013 Abierto Mexicano Telcel in Acapulco, Nadal defeated world No. 4 David Ferrer, losing just two games in the match.
Nadal then returned to the American hard courts after a year, playing the Indian Wells Masters as the fifth seed. He lost only one set, and defeated world No. 2 Roger Federer and world No. 6 Tomáš Berdych in the matches leading up to the final. Nadal recovered from being one set down in the final, to defeat Juan Martín del Potro. This was his third Indian Wells Masters title and his first hardcourt title since October 2010, and made Nadal the player with the most Masters 1000s wins.
After withdrawing from Miami, Nadal attempted to defend his title at the 2013 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, but, despite reaching the final for the ninth consecutive year, he was beaten by Djokovic in straight sets. He then won at the 2013 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell over Almagro, in straight sets. This was his 8th victory there, making him the first man to win two different tournaments eight or more times each. It was also his fourth title of the season, and his sixth consecutive final.
Nadal won his 23rd ATP Masters 1000 tournament at the 2013 Mutua Madrid Open, beating Wawrinka, despite previously having been two points from defeat in his quarterfinal against David Ferrer.
The blue clay that had troubled him the previous year there had been exchanged for the traditional red clay. In May, he won his record 24th Masters 1000 title, beating Roger Federer for his 7th championship at the 2013 Rome Masters. It was his 6th title of the season and his eighth consecutive final. These victories raised his ranking to world No. 4.
Nadal won the 2013 French Open after beating Djokovic in the semifinal and Ferrer in the final, breaking the record for the most match wins in the tournament in the process with his 59th match victory. His match with Djokovic was widely considered one of the greatest clay court matches ever played, as Nadal came back from down a break in the fifth set to take out a hard-fought 4-hour, 37-minute victory. However, because of the nuances of how rankings are calculated (including an improvement in performance by the then world No. 5 David Ferrer at the French Open), Nadal's world ranking dropped from No. 4 to No. 5, with Ferrer replacing him at No. 4.
Nadal then lost his first-round match at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships in straight sets to unseeded Belgian Steve Darcis (ranked No. 135), making it the second time in a row he failed to reach the third round at Wimbledon and the first ever time Nadal had lost in the first round of a Grand Slam.
In August 2013, Nadal won the semifinal match in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fourth Rogers Cup title. Nadal proceeded to win the title after beating Milos Raonic in the final in straight sets. This was Nadal's 25th Masters 1000 title and third title at the Canadian Open. He won his 26th ATP Masters 1000 in Cincinnati on Sunday 18 August after beating John Isner in the final. Nadal concluded a brilliant North American hard court season with his 4th hard court title of the year, defeating Djokovic at the 2013 US Open final in four sets, bringing his Slam count to 13 and giving Nadal a male tennis record paycheck of $3.6 million.
Later in September, Nadal helped Spain secure their Davis Cup World Group Playoff spot for 2014, with a victory against Sergiy Stakhovsky and a doubles win with Marc Lopez. In October, he reached the final of the China Open, guaranteeing he would become world number one for the third time after losing it in July 2011. In the final, he was beaten by Djokovic in straight sets. At the 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters, Nadal reached the semifinals but was defeated by Del Potro.
In November 2013, Nadal played his final event of the season in London at the 2013 ATP World Tour Finals where he secured the year end World Number One spot. Nadal beat David Ferrer, Stanislas Wawrinka and Tomáš Berdych in the Round Robin stage to set up a semifinal and victory over Roger Federer. Nadal met Djokovic in the final, losing in straight sets.
2014: Ninth French Open, masters record & struggle with injury
Rafael Nadal began his 2014 season at the Qatar Open in Doha, defeating Lukáš Rosol in the first round and he won the title after defeating Gaël Monfils in the final. It was announced in February 2014 that "After compiling one of the greatest comeback seasons on the ATP World Tour in 2013, World No. 1 Rafael Nadal is a contender to be nominated for the Laureus World Comeback of the Year Award."
At the Australian Open, he defeated Roger Federer to reach his third Australian Open final, improving his career record against Federer to 23–10. This marked Nadal's 11th consecutive victory in a Major semifinal (second only to Borg's all-time record of 14), and advanced him to his 19th Major final, tying him with Lendl for second all-time behind Federer's 24. It also marked Nadal's sixth consecutive victory over Federer in a Major. In the final, he faced Stanislas Wawrinka, against whom he entered the match with a 12–0 record, having won all of their previous 26 sets. After losing the first set, Nadal suffered a back injury down 2–0 in the second set, and although he won a set, he lost the match in four sets. The first tournament he played after that was the inaugural Rio Open which he won after defeating Alexandr Dolgopolov in the final extending his record of ATP 500 titles to 15. However, at the Indian Wells Masters, Dolgopolov would avenge his loss, defeating Nadal in three sets in the third round. He reached the final of the Miami Masters before falling to Novak Djokovic in straight sets.
Nadal began his clay court season with a quarterfinal loss to David Ferrer in the Monte-Carlo Masters. He was stunned by Nicolas Almagro in the quarterfinals of the Barcelona Open. Nadal won his 27th masters (a record at the time) at the Madrid Open after Kei Nishikori retired in the third set. On 8 June 2014, Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic in the Men's Singles French Open final to win his 9th French Open title and a 5th straight win at Roland Garros. Nadal dropped the first set but came back in the game to win the next three sets to lift the trophy. Nadal equaled Pete Sampras' total of 14 Grand Slam wins, the second highest number of single Grand Slam titles after Roger Federer. Nadal lost in the second round of the Halle Open to Dustin Brown the following week.
Nadal then entered the Wimbledon Championships in a bid to win the tournament for the third time and to win his 15th Grand Slam title overall. In the first three rounds he faced Martin Kližan, Lukáš Rosol (to whom he suffered a shock defeat at the same stage of the tournament two years earlier) and Mikhail Kukushkin. In each of these matches he lost the first set before taking command and winning them in four sets. In the fourth round he faced Australian teenager Nick Kyrgios (ranked 143 places lower than Nadal) and again lost the first set, but despite winning the second set, he was unable to turn the tide and eventually lost in four sets.
Nadal withdrew from the American swing owing to a wrist injury. He made his return at the 2014 China Open but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Martin Klizan in three sets. At the 2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters, he was suffering from appendicitis. He lost his opening match to Feliciano Lopez in straight sets. Later, he was upset by Borna Ćorić at the quarterfinals of the 2014 Swiss Indoors. After the loss, he announced that he would skip the rest of the season to undergo surgery for his appendix.
2015: Continued struggle with form and fall in rankings
Nadal began the year as the defending Champion at Qatar, but suffered a shocking three set defeat to Michael Berrer in round one of the Qatar Open. He won the doubles title with Juan Mónaco. At the Australian Open, Nadal beat Mikhail Youzhny in the first round in straight sets, before prevailing in a tough five-setter against American Tim Smyczek in the second round, despite being visibly unwell at times during the game. He then beat Dudi Sela and Kevin Anderson in straight sets to advance to his 28th career quarterfinal. Nadal lost in straight sets to Tomáš Berdych in the quarterfinal, thus ending a 17-match winning streak against the seventh-seeded Czech.
In February, Nadal lost in the semifinals to Fabio Fognini at the Rio Open, before going on to win his 46th career clay-court title against Juan Mónaco at the Argentina Open. Nadal then participated at the Indian Wells and Miami Open but suffered early defeats to Milos Raonic and Fernando Verdasco, in the quarterfinals and third round respectively. Nadal then began his summer clay season at the Monte Carlo Masters and reached the semifinals where he lost to Novak Djokovic in straight sets. After losing to Fognini again at the Barcelona Open quarterfinals, Nadal entered the Madrid Open as the two-time defending champion but lost in the final to Andy Murray in straight sets, resulting in his dropping out of the top five for the first time since 2005. He then lost in the quarterfinals of the Rome Masters to Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.
Nadal lost to eventual runner-up Djokovic in the quarterfinals of the French Open, ending his winning streak of 39 consecutive victories in Paris since his defeat by Robin Söderling in 2009. Nadal went on to win the 2015 Mercedes Cup against Serbian Viktor Troicki, his first grass court title since he won at Wimbledon in 2010. He was unable to continue his good form on grass as he lost in the first round of the Aegon Championships to Alexandr Dolgopolov in three sets. Nadal's struggles continued when he lost in the second round of Wimbledon to Dustin Brown.
In early September, Nadal once again faced Fognini, and again was defeated by the player from Italy, losing in the third round at Arthur Ashe Stadium. In that match, Nadal won the first two sets, and previously had been 151-0 in Grand Slam matches that he led two sets to none. Earning 70 winners, Fognini ended up beating Nadal in five sets. Consequently, the early exit in Flushing Meadows ended Nadal's record 10-year streak of winning at least one major, and leaving him one year short of the record 11-year streak of reaching at least one major final (shared by Lendl and Sampras).
2016: 28th Masters title and second Olympic Gold medal
Nadal started the year winning Mubadala Title defeating Milos Raonic in straight sets. After that, he entered the tournament in Doha, Qatar, where he reached the finals, losing to Djokovic in straight sets. This was their 47th match and Djokovic now leads the rivalry with 24 matches won. At the Australian Open, Nadal was defeated in five sets by compatriot Fernando Verdasco in the first round, in a match that echoed memories of their marathon five-set semifinal from 2009. The defeat marked just his second first round exit from a Grand Slam tournament, and his first at the Australian Open.
In April he won his 28th Masters 1000 in Monte Carlo. He went on to win his 17th ATP 500 in Barcelona, winning the trophy for the ninth time in his career; this was his 49th clay-court title, which put him level with Guillermo Vilas as the player with the most clay-court titles in the Open Era. Nadal continued the clay court season in Madrid, where he defeated Andrey Kuznetsov, Querrey and Sousa before falling to Murray in the semifinal. It was only the second time that Murray has won over Nadal on clay, the first one being in 2015 Madrid final.
In the following week, Nadal played in Rome Masters where he reached the quarterfinal. Nadal was again defeated by Djokovic in straight sets, 7:5 7:6(4), although he had break advantage in both sets and served to win the second.
Following Federer's withdrawal due to injury, Nadal was named the fourth seed at Roland Garros. On 26 May, he became only the eighth male player in tennis history to record 200 Grand Slam match wins, as he defeated Facundo Bagnis in straight sets in the second round of the Slam. Following the victory, however, Nadal had to withdraw from competition owing to an injury to his left wrist suffered during the tournament, handing Marcel Granollers a walk-over into the fourth round. On 9 June, Nadal announced that the same wrist injury that forced him to withdraw from the French Open needed more time to heal, and that he would not play at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. At the Rio 2016 Olympics, Nadal achieved 800 career wins with his quarter-final victory over Thomaz Bellucci. Also, on 12 August, he along with Marc Lopez won the gold medal in men's doubles event for Spain beating Romania's Florin Mergea and Horia Tecau. This makes Nadal only the second man in the open era to have won gold medals in both singles and doubles. Nadal also advanced to the bronze medal match in the men's singles but was defeated by Japan's Kei Nishikori.
At the US Open Nadal was seeded #4 and advanced to the fourth round but was defeated by 24th seed Lucas Pouille in 5 sets, the defeat means that 2016 is the first year since 2004 in which Nadal, 30, has failed to reach a Grand Slam quarter-final.
Nadal opened his season by playing the Brisbane International where he reached the quarterfinals before losing to Milos Raonic in 3 sets. In the second round, he defeated Mischa Zverev for the loss of just two games; Zverev went on to upset Andy Murray in the fourth round of the Australian Open.
Nadal vs. Federer
Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men's careers. They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 until 14 August 2009, when Nadal fell to world No. 3 (Andy Murray became the new No. 2). They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top. Nadal ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.
They have played 34 times, and Nadal leads their head-to-head series 23–11 overall and 9–2 in Grand Slam tournaments. Federer has a winning record on grass (2–1) and indoor hard courts (5–1) while Nadal leads the outdoor hard courts by 8–2 and clay by 13–2.
As tournament seedings are based on rankings, 21 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record eight Grand Slam tournament finals. From 2006 to 2008, they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and also met in the title match of the 2009 Australian Open and the 2011 French Open. Nadal won six of the eight, losing the first two Wimbledon finals. Three of these matches were five-set matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts. Nadal is the only player who has competed and won against Federer in the final of a Grand Slam on all three surfaces (grass, hard, and clay), losing to Federer only on grass.
Nadal vs. Djokovic
Novak Djokovic and Nadal have met 49 times (more than any other pair in the Open Era) and Nadal currently trails at 23–26. Nadal leads on grass 2–1 and clay 14–7, but Djokovic leads on hard courts 18–7. In 2009, this rivalry was listed as the third greatest of the previous 10 years by ATPworldtour.com. Djokovic is one of only two players to have at least ten match wins against Nadal (the other being Federer) and the only person to defeat Nadal seven consecutive times and two times consecutively on clay. The two earlier shared the record for the longest match played in a best of three sets (4 hours and 3 minutes) at the 2009 Mutua Madrid Open semifinals until the match between Roger Federer and Juan Martín del Potro in the London 2012 Olympics Semifinal, which is the longest best-of-three-set match by time (at 4 hours and 26 minutes). They have also played in a record 12 Masters Series finals.
In the 2011 Wimbledon final, Djokovic won in four sets for his first Grand Slam final over Nadal. Djokovic also defeated Nadal in the 2011 US Open Final. In 2012, Djokovic defeated Nadal in the Australian Open final for a third consecutive Grand Slam final win over Nadal. This is the longest Grand Slam tournament final in Open era history at 5 hours, 53 minutes. Nadal won their last three 2012 meetings in the final of the Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters and French Open in April, May, and June 2012, respectively. In 2013, Djokovic defeated Nadal in straight sets in the final at Monte Carlo, ending Nadal's record eight consecutive titles there, but Nadal got revenge at the French Open in an epic five-setter 9–7 in the fifth. In August 2013, Nadal won in Montreal, denying Djokovic his fourth Rogers Cup title. Nadal also defeated Djokovic in the 2013 US Open Final. In their third clash of 2014 Nadal defeated Djokovic in the 2014 French Open final. Since the 2014 French Open Final, Djokovic has won seven consecutive meetings including a win in straight sets in the quarterfinals of the 2015 French Open which ended Nadal's 39-match win streak at Roland Garros and an opportunity for a sixth consecutive title, with Djokovic becoming only the second player after Robin Söderling to defeat Nadal at the event.
Nadal vs. Murray
Nadal and Andy Murray have met on 24 occasions since 2007, with Nadal leading 17–7. Nadal leads 7–2 on clay, 3–0 on grass, and 7–5 on hard courts (including 4–4 on outdoor courts, but Nadal leads 3–1 on indoor hard courts), but trails 0–3 in finals. The pair once met regularly at Grand Slam level, with nine out of their 23 meetings coming in Grand Slams, with Nadal leading 7–2 (3–0 at Wimbledon, 2–0 at the French Open, 1–1 at the Australian Open, and 1–1 at the US Open). Seven of these nine appearances have been at quarterfinal and semifinal level, making the rivalry an important part of both men's careers. They have never met in a Grand Slam final, however, Murray leads 3–1 in ATP finals, with Nadal winning at Indian Wells in 2009 and Murray winning in Rotterdam the same year, Tokyo in 2011, and Madrid in 2015. Nadal defeated Murray in three consecutive Grand Slam semifinals in 2011 from the French Open to the US Open.
Nadal generally plays an aggressive, behind-the-baseline game founded on heavy topspin groundstrokes, consistency, speedy footwork and tenacious court coverage, thus making him an aggressive counterpuncher. Known for his athleticism and speed around the court, Nadal is an excellent defender who hits well on the run, constructing winning plays from seemingly defensive positions. He also plays very fine dropshots, which work especially well because his heavy topspin often forces opponents to the back of the court.
Nadal employs a semi-western grip forehand, often with a "lasso-whip" follow through, where his left arm hits through the ball and finishes above his left shoulder – as opposed to a more traditional finish across the body or around his opposite shoulder. Nadal's forehand groundstroke form allows him to hit shots with heavy topspin – more so than many of his contemporaries.
San Francisco tennis researcher John Yandell used a high-speed video camera and special software to count the average number of revolutions of a tennis ball hit full force by Nadal. While Nadal's shots tend to land short of the baseline, the characteristically high bounces his forehands achieve tend to mitigate the advantage an opponent would normally gain from capitalizing on a short ball. Although his forehand is based on heavy topspin, he can hit the ball deep and flat with a more orthodox follow through for clean winners.
|“||"The first guys we did were Sampras and Agassi. They were hitting forehands that in general were spinning about 1,800 to 1,900 revolutions per minute. Federer is hitting with an amazing amount of spin, too, right? 2,700 revolutions per minute. Well, we measured one forehand Nadal hit at 4,900. His average was 3,200."||”|
|— John Yandell, San Francisco-based tennis researcher.|
Nadal's serve was initially considered a weak point in his game, although his improvements in both first-serve points won and break points saved since 2005 have allowed him to consistently compete for and win major titles on faster surfaces. Nadal relies on the consistency of his serve to gain a strategic advantage in points, rather than going for service winners. However, before the 2010 US Open, he altered his service motion, arriving in the trophy pose earlier and pulling the racket lower during the trophy pose. Before the 2010 U.S. Open, Nadal modified his service grip to a more continental one. These two changes in his serve increased his average speed by around 10 mph during the 2010 US Open, maxing out at 135 mph (217 km), allowing him to win more free points on his serve. However, since the 2010 US Open, Nadal's serve speed has dropped to previous levels and has again been cited as a need for improvement.
Nadal is a clay court specialist in the sense that he has been extremely successful on that surface. Since 2005, he won nine times at Roland Garros, nine times at Monte Carlo and seven at Rome. However, Nadal has shed that label owing to his success on other surfaces, including holding simultaneous Grand Slam tournament titles on grass, hard courts, and clay on two separate occasions, winning eight Masters series titles on hardcourt, and winning the Olympic gold medal on hardcourt.
Despite praise for Nadal's talent and skill, some have questioned his longevity in the sport, citing his build and playing style as conducive to injury. Nadal himself has admitted to the physical toll hard courts place on ATP Tour players, calling for a reevaluated tour schedule featuring fewer hard court tournaments.
Equipment and endorsements
Nadal has been sponsored by Kia Motors since 2006. He has appeared in advertising campaigns for Kia as a global ambassador for the company. In May 2008, Kia released a claymation viral ad featuring Nadal in a tennis match with an alien. In May 2015, Nadal extended his partnership with Kia for another five years.
Nike serves as Nadal's clothing and shoe sponsor. Nadal's signature on-court attire entailed a variety of sleeveless shirts paired with 3/4 length capri pants. For the 2009 season, Nadal adopted more-traditional on-court apparel. Nike encouraged Nadal to update his look in order to reflect his new status as the sport's top player at that time and associate Nadal with a style that, while less distinctive than his "pirate" look, would be more widely emulated by consumers. At warmup tournaments in Abu Dhabi and Doha, Nadal played matches in a polo shirt specifically designed for him by Nike, paired with shorts cut above the knee. Nadal's new, more conventional style carried over to the 2009 Australian Open, where he was outfitted with Nike's Bold Crew Men's Tee and Nadal Long Check Shorts. Nadal wears Nike's Air CourtBallistec 2.3 tennis shoes, bearing various customizations throughout the season, including his nickname "Rafa" on the right shoe and a stylized bull logo on the left.
He became the face of Lanvin's L'Homme Sport cologne in April 2009. Nadal uses an AeroPro Drive racquet with a 4 1⁄4-inch L2 grip. As of the 2010 season[update], Nadal's racquets are painted to resemble the new Babolat AeroPro Drive with Cortex GT racquet in order to market a current model which Babolat sells. Nadal uses no replacement grip, and instead wraps two overgrips around the handle. He used Duralast 15L strings until the 2010 season, when he switched to Babolat's new, black-colored, RPM Blast string. Nadal's rackets are always strung at 55 lb (25 kg), regardless of which surface or conditions he is playing on.
As of January 2010[update], Nadal is the international ambassador for Quely, a company from his native Mallorca that manufactures biscuits, bakery and chocolate coated products; he has consumed their products ever since he was a young child.
In 2010, luxury watchmaker Richard Mille announced that he had developed an ultra-light wristwatch in collaboration with Nadal called the Richard Mille RM027 Tourbillon watch. The watch is made of titanium and lithium and is valued at US$525,000; Nadal was involved in the design and testing of the watch on the tennis court. During the 2010 French Open, Men's Fitness reported that Nadal wore the Richard Mille watch on the court as part of a sponsorship deal with the Swiss watchmaker.
Nadal replaced Cristiano Ronaldo as the new face of Emporio Armani Underwear and Armani Jeans for the spring/summer 2011 collection. This was the first time that the label has chosen a tennis player for the job; association football has ruled lately prior to Ronaldo, David Beckham graced the ads since 2008. Armani said that he selected Nadal as his latest male underwear model because "...he is ideal as he represents a healthy and positive model for youngsters".
In June 2012, Nadal joined the group of sports endorsers of the PokerStars online poker cardroom. In December 2013, Nadal won a charity poker tournament against retired Brazilian football player Ronaldo and four other competitors.
In popular culture
In February 2010, Rafael Nadal was featured in the music video of Shakira's "Gypsy". and part of her album release She Wolf. In explaining why she chose Nadal for the video, Shakira was quoted as saying in an interview with the Latin American Herald Tribune: "I thought that maybe I needed someone I could in some way identify with. And Rafael Nadal is a person who has been totally committed to his career since he was very young. Since he was 17, I believe."
Off the court
Involvement in football
Nadal is an avid fan of association football club Real Madrid. On 8 July 2010, it was reported that he had become a shareholder of RCD Mallorca, his local club by birth, in an attempt to assist the club from debt. Nadal reportedly owns 10 percent and was offered the role of vice president, but he rejected that offer. His uncle Miguel Ángel Nadal, became assistant coach under Michael Laudrup. Nadal remains a passionate Real Madrid supporter; ESPN.com writer Graham Hunter wrote, "He's as Merengue as [Real Madrid icons] Raúl, Iker Casillas and Alfredo Di Stéfano."
Shortly after acquiring his interest in Mallorca, Nadal called out UEFA for apparent hypocrisy in ejecting the club from the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League for excessive debts, saying through a club spokesperson, "Well, if those are the criteria upon which UEFA is operating, then European competition will only comprise two or three clubs because all the rest are in debt, too."
He is a fervent supporter of the Spanish national team, one of only six people not affiliated with the team or the national federation allowed into the team's locker room immediately following Spain's victory in the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final.
Nadal took part in Thailand's "A Million Trees for the King" project, planting a tree in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej on a visit to Hua Hin during his Thailand Open 2010. "For me it's an honour to part of this project", said Nadal. "It's a very good project. I want to congratulate the Thai people and congratulate the King for this unbelievable day. I wish all the best for this idea. It's very, very nice."
Fundación Rafa Nadal
The creation of the Fundación Rafa Nadal took place in November 2007, and its official presentation was in February 2008, at the Manacor Tennis Club in Mallorca, Spain. The foundation will focus on social work and development aid particularly on childhood and youth. On deciding why to start a foundation, Nadal said "This can be the beginning of my future, when I retire and have more time, [...] I am doing very well and I owe society, [...] A month-and-a-half ago I was in Chennai, in India. The truth is we live great here....I can contribute something with my image..." Nadal was inspired by the Red Cross benefit match against malaria with Real Madrid goalkeeper Iker Casillas, recalling, "We raised an amount of money that we would never have imagined. I have to thank Iker, my project partner, who went all out for it, [...] That is why the time has come to set up my own foundation and determine the destination of the money."
Nadal's mother, Ana Maria Parera, chairs the charitable organization and father Sebastian is vice-chairman. Coach and uncle Toni Nadal and his agent, former tennis player Carlos Costa, are also involved. Roger Federer has given Nadal advice on getting involved in philanthropy. Despite the fact that poverty in India struck him particularly hard, Nadal wants to start by helping "people close by, in the Balearic Islands, in Spain, and then, if possible, abroad".
On 16 October 2010, Nadal traveled to India for the first time to visit his tennis academy for underprivileged children at Anantapur Sports Village, in the Anantapur City, Andhra Pradesh. His foundation has also worked in the Anantapur Educational Center project, in collaboration with the Vicente Ferrer Foundation.
Nadal lived with his parents and younger sister Maria Isabel in a five-story apartment building in their hometown of Manacor, Mallorca. In June 2009, Spanish newspaper La Vanguardia, and then The New York Times, reported that his parents, Ana Maria and Sebastian, had separated. This news came after weeks of speculation in Internet posts and message boards over Nadal's personal issues as the cause of his setback.
Nadal has revealed himself to be agnostic. As a young boy, he would run home from school to watch Goku in his favorite Japanese anime, Dragon Ball. CNN released an article about Nadal's childhood inspiration, and called him "the Dragon Ball of tennis" owing to his unorthodox style "from another planet".
In addition to tennis and football, Nadal enjoys golf and also poker. In April 2014 he played the world's number 1 female poker player, Vanessa Selbst, in a poker game in Monaco. Nadal's autobiography, Rafa (Hyperion, 2012, ISBN 1401310923), written with assistance from John Carlin, was published in August 2011.
Grand Slam tournament performance timeline
To prevent confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only once a tournament or the player's participation in the tournament has concluded. This table is current through 2016 US Open.
|Australian Open||A||3R||4R||A||QF||SF||W||QF||QF||F||A||F||QF||1R||1 / 11||45–10||81.8|
|French Open||A||A||W||W||W||W||4R||W||W||W||W||W||QF||3R||9 / 12||72–2||97.3|
|Wimbledon||3R||A||2R||F||F||W||A||W||F||2R||1R||4R||2R||A||2 / 11||40–9||81.6|
|US Open||2R||2R||3R||QF||4R||SF||SF||W||F||A||W||A||3R||4R||2 / 12||46–10||82.1|
|Win–Loss||3–2||3–2||13–3||17–2||20–3||24–2||15–2||25–1||23–3||14–2||14–1||16–2||11–4||6–2||14 / 46||204–31||86.81|
- Finals: 20 (14 titles, 6 runners-up)
|Winner||2005||French Open||Clay||Mariano Puerta||6–7(6–8), 6–3, 6–1, 7–5|
|Winner||2006||French Open (2)||Clay||Roger Federer||1–6, 6–1, 6–4, 7–6(7–4)|
|Runner-up||2006||Wimbledon||Grass||Roger Federer||0–6, 6–7(5–7), 7–6(7–2), 3–6|
|Winner||2007||French Open (3)||Clay||Roger Federer||6–3, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4|
|Runner-up||2007||Wimbledon (2)||Grass||Roger Federer||6–7(7–9), 6–4, 6–7(3–7), 6–2, 2–6|
|Winner||2008||French Open (4)||Clay||Roger Federer||6–1, 6–3, 6–0|
|Winner||2008||Wimbledon||Grass||Roger Federer||6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(8–10), 9–7|
|Winner||2009||Australian Open||Hard||Roger Federer||7–5, 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 3–6, 6–2|
|Winner||2010||French Open (5)||Clay||Robin Söderling||6–4, 6–2, 6–4|
|Winner||2010||Wimbledon (2)||Grass||Tomáš Berdych||6–3, 7–5, 6–4|
|Winner||2010||US Open||Hard||Novak Djokovic||6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2|
|Winner||2011||French Open (6)||Clay||Roger Federer||7–5, 7–6(7–3), 5–7, 6–1|
|Runner-up||2011||Wimbledon (3)||Grass||Novak Djokovic||4–6, 1–6, 6–1, 3–6|
|Runner-up||2011||US Open||Hard||Novak Djokovic||2–6, 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 1–6|
|Runner-up||2012||Australian Open||Hard||Novak Djokovic||7–5, 4–6, 2–6, 7–6(7–5), 5–7|
|Winner||2012||French Open (7)||Clay||Novak Djokovic||6–4, 6–3, 2–6, 7–5|
|Winner||2013||French Open (8)||Clay||David Ferrer||6–3, 6–2, 6–3|
|Winner||2013||US Open (2)||Hard||Novak Djokovic||6–2, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1|
|Runner-up||2014||Australian Open (2)||Hard||Stan Wawrinka||3–6, 2–6, 6–3, 3–6|
|Winner||2014||French Open (9)||Clay||Novak Djokovic||3–6, 7–5, 6–2, 6–4|
Year-end Championship performance timeline
|Year-End Championship Tournaments|
|YEC||DNQ||DNQ||DNQ||A||SF||SF||A||RR||F||RR||A||F||A||SF||A||0 / 7||16–12||57.1|
- Finals: 2 (2 runners-up)
|Outcome||Year||Championship||Surface||Opponent in the final||Score in the final|
|Runner-up||2010||ATP World Tour Finals||Hard (i)||Roger Federer||3–6, 6–3, 1–6|
|Runner-up||2013||ATP World Tour Finals (2)||Hard (i)||Novak Djokovic||3–6, 4–6|
- Finals: 2 (2 gold medals: singles 2008, doubles 2016)
- Third Place Match: 1 (no medal: singles 2016)
Singles Finals: 1 (1–0)
|Winner (Gold)||2008||Summer Olympics (Beijing)||Hard||Fernando González||6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3|
Singles Third Place Matches: 1 (0–1)
|Outcome||Year||Third Place Match||Surface||Opponent||Score|
|Fourth Place||2016||Summer Olympics (Rio)||Hard||Kei Nishikori||2–6, 7–6(7–1), 3–6|
Doubles Finals: 1 (1–0)
|Winner (Gold)||2016||Summer Olympics (Rio)||Hard||Marc Lopez|| Florin Mergea
|6–2, 3–6, 6-4|
All-time tournament records
|Tournament||Since||Record accomplished||Players matched|
|Grand Slam||1877||9 Men's Singles titles at one Major||Stands alone|
|Grand Slam||1877||10 consecutive years of winning 1+ title (2005 - 2014)||Stands alone|
|Grand Slam||1877||Winning titles on 3 different surfaces in a calendar year||Stands alone|
|Grand Slam||1877||3 consecutive titles on 3 different surfaces||Stands alone|
|ATP Masters 1000||1970||10 consecutive years of winning 1+ title (2005 - 2014)||Stands alone|
|ATP Masters 1000||1970||21 consecutive quarterfinals (2008 - 2010)||Stands alone|
|French Open||1925||9 Men's Singles titles||Stands alone|
|Monte Carlo Masters||1897||9 Men's Singles titles||Stands alone|
|Barcelona Open||1953||9 Men's Singles titles||Stands alone|
|Rome Masters||1930||7 Men's Singles titles||Stands alone|
Open Era records
- These records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.
- Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.
- Records in italics are currently active streaks.
- ^ Denotes consecutive streak.
|Time span||Selected Grand Slam tournament records||Players matched||Refs|
|2005 French Open —
2010 US Open
|Career Golden Slam||Andre Agassi|||
|2005 French Open —
2010 US Open
|Career Grand Slam||Rod Laver
|2005 French Open —
2010 US Open
|Youngest to achieve a Career Grand Slam (24)||Stands alone|||
|2005 French Open —
2010 US Open
|2+ titles on grass, clay and hard courts||Mats Wilander|||
|2005 French Open —
2014 French Open
|9 titles at a single Major||Stands alone|
|2005–2014||10 consecutive years winning 1+ title||Stands alone|||
|2010 French Open —
2010 US Open
|Winner of Majors on clay, grass and hard court in calendar year||Stands alone|||
|2007 French Open —
2012 French Open
|5 finals reached without losing a set[d]||Stands alone|||
|2008 French Open —
2009 Australian Open
|Simultaneous holder of Majors on clay, grass and hard court||Roger Federer|||
|2008 French Open—
2009 Australian Open
|Simultaneous holder of Olympic singles gold medal and Majors on clay, grass and hard court||Stands alone|||
|2011 Wimbledon —
2012 Australian Open
|3 consecutive runners-up finishes||Stands alone|||
|Grand Slam tournaments||Time Span||Records at each Grand Slam tournament||Players matched||Refs|
|French Open||2005–2014||9 titles overall||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2010–2014||5 consecutive titles||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2005–2014||9 finals overall||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2010–2014||5 consecutive finals||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2005–2014||9 semifinals overall||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2005–2016||72 match wins overall||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2010–2014||35 consecutive match wins||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2005–2016||97.2% (72–2) match winning percentage||Stands alone|||
|French Open||2008, 2010||2 titles won without losing a set||Björn Borg|||
|French Open||2005||Won title on the first attempt||Mats Wilander|||
|French Open—Wimbledon||2008, 2010||Accomplished a "Channel Slam": Winning both tournaments in the same year||Rod Laver
|Time span||Other selected records||Players matched||Refs|
|ATP Masters 1000 records|
|2005–2016||42 combined Championship Masters Series[e] finals||Roger Federer
|2013||4 consecutive Masters 1000 titles||Novak Djokovic|
|2005–2013||All 9 Masters 1000 finals reached||Roger Federer
|2010||Accomplished a "Clay Slam"[f]||Stands alone|||
|2005–2016||9 Monte-Carlo Masters titles^||Stands alone|
|2005–2013||7 Rome Masters titles||Stands alone|
|2004–2016||49 clay court titles||Guillermo Vilas|||
|2005–2007||81 consecutive clay court match victories||Stands alone|||
|2004–2016||67 outdoor titles||Stands alone|||
|2004–2013||19 match wins against world No. 1 players[g]||Boris Becker|
|2002–2014||92.98% (318–24) clay court match winning percentage||Stands alone|||
|2002–2014||85.83% (639–106) outdoor court match winning percentage||Stands alone|||
|2005–2013||7+ titles at 4 different tournaments||Stands alone|||
|2005–2012||8 consecutive titles at a single tournament (Monte Carlo)||Stands alone|||
|2004–2006||16 titles won as a teenager||Björn Borg|||
- ATP World Tour Awards
- Tennis records of the Open Era – Men's Singles
- Open Era tennis records – men's singles
- ATP World Tour records
- Lists of ATP number 1 ranked players
- List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
- Tennis tournament records and statistics
- List of Open Era tennis records
- The finals Nadal reached without losing a set were the 2007, 2008, 2010 & 2012 French Open and the 2010 US Open.
- The term "combined Championship Masters Series" encompasses the Grand Prix Championship Series (1970–1989), ATP Masters Series (1990–2008) and ATP World Tour Masters 1000 (2009–present).
- The "Clay Slam" consists of winning the Monte Carlo Masters, Rome Masters, Madrid Masters and French Open in the same year.
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Federer sits with Björn Borg, Sampras and Rafa Nadal as the only players to have won a major eight years in a row.
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[Nadal's] Australian Open title made him the first man to simultaneously hold majors on clay, grass and hard courts.
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Nadal became the first man in the Open Era to lose three straight major finals.
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[Nadal] became the first man in the Open era to lose three consecutive finals.
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2010 – first player to win a "Clay Slam" in a season, winning three ATP Masters 1000 titles (Monte Carlo*, Rome*, Madrid*) along with Roland Garros.
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2006 – Tied Borg with his 16th career teenage title in Rome, most in Open Era.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rafael Nadal.|
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The 1st Nations around the world people designate you to definitely be known as a Perspective Keeper - individual who hangs on top of the eyesight of those and keeps it prior to the individuals regardless if points distract. Visioning is a gift item, however i believe that the present is available to everybody that can understand it. Imagine your daily lifestyle without vision by any means, no dreams of a potential upcoming, no expectations or anticipations of better days ahead. Without perspective, everyday life would definitely appear myopic and dreary.
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CLEVELAND — July 16 marks National Atomic Veteran's Day, which is dedicated to the soldiers who participated in U.S. Nuclear bomb tests from
the mid-40s to the early 60s.
Many were exposed to radiation in the tests that led to health problems down the road and struggled for years to get the medical help they needed.
In 1956, Dyo Ellingsworth was a part of more than 550,000 soldiers that participated in nuclear bomb testing.
"They told us to bring our knees up and put our heads down and all of a sudden we heard a loud explosion," Ellingsworth said.
Of that 550,000, only 1,400 are left with 15 in Ohio. Many suffered from health conditions due to the radiation.
"We were told not to talk about anyplace we were at we couldn’t even write letters," Ellingsworth said.
Since they were sworn to secrecy for nearly 50 years, they couldn't get the medical aid they needed.
"Most of the people that were involved in it became cancers," Ellingsworth said.
It wasn't until 1996 when Congress repealed the Nuclear Radiation Secret Agreements Act that veterans were allowed to tell their stories and seek medical attention.
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Key points : 1- The 1804 Haiti revolution should be seen in its proper context : i.e. an event of global proportion and of worldwide consequences. 2- The 1804 Revolution was much more profitable to the rest of the world than it was for Haiti. It is languishing until today into a defacto apartheid system. 3- Haiti two hundred years of self government enjoyed very little progressive governance. Apart from the nation building policies of Toussaint Louverture, Jean Jacques Dessalines and Henry Christophe (1800-1815), the remaining governments from Alexandre Petion to Jean Bertrand Aristide have used Haiti as their private enterprise dedicated to the benefit of their cronies and their family. Haiti life story in a nutshell can be described in this vignette : a- fifty years (50) of bad education in its formative years, with the governance of Alexandre Petion and Jean Pierre Boyer (1846) b- one hundred years (100) of corrupt governance with presidents who could barely read and write. ( 1946) c) fifty years (50) of populist and dictatorial regimes that kidnapped the concept of nationhood in order to satisfy the venal desire of remaining in power and ransacking the national treasure (1946-2004) The salvation for Haiti will stem from a policy that I have defined as a possible solution for achieving peace, stability not only in Haiti but also in the LDC countries. It called for the concept of nationhood as defined by Ernest Renan the French philosopher. The shared vision of the future must be accepted and enforced by all, including the civil society and the government to enjoy a stable and democratic nation. I dare to say that this concept by itself can accomplish what the communism and the socialism have boasted to realize (a just society) but have failed miserably. Haiti in 2004 can accomplish a second revolution by embracing the concept of nationhood (a country hospitable to all including the majority peasant population). It can also share this concept with the rest of the world, uplifting millions from squalor.
Key points :
1- The 1804 Haiti revolution should be seen in its proper context : i.e. an event of global proportion and of worldwide consequences.
2- The 1804 Revolution was much more profitable to the rest of the world than it was for Haiti. It is languishing until today into a defacto apartheid system.
3- Haiti two hundred years of self government enjoyed very little progressive governance. Apart from the nation building policies of Toussaint Louverture, Jean Jacques Dessalines and Henry Christophe (1800-1815), the remaining governments from Alexandre Petion to Jean Bertrand Aristide have used Haiti as their private enterprise dedicated to the benefit of their cronies and their family.
Haiti life story in a nutshell can be described in this vignette :
a- fifty years (50) of bad education in its formative years, with the governance of Alexandre Petion and Jean Pierre Boyer (1846)
b- one hundred years (100) of corrupt governance with presidents who could barely read and write. ( 1946)
c) fifty years (50) of populist and dictatorial regimes that kidnapped the concept of nationhood in order to satisfy the venal desire of remaining in power and ransacking the national treasure (1946-2004)
The salvation for Haiti will stem from a policy that I have defined as a possible solution for achieving peace, stability not only in Haiti but also in the LDC countries. It called for the concept of nationhood as defined by Ernest Renan the French philosopher. The shared vision of the future must be accepted and enforced by all, including the civil society and the government to enjoy a stable and democratic nation.
I dare to say that this concept by itself can accomplish what the communism and the socialism have boasted to realize (a just society) but have failed miserably. Haiti in 2004 can accomplish a second revolution by embracing the concept of nationhood (a country hospitable to all including the majority peasant population). It can also share this concept with the rest of the world, uplifting millions from squalor.
Jean H Charles
At the dawn of Haiti Bicentennial, it is fitting to stop, reflex and ponder on where Haiti has been, where it is now and where it is going ? The majestic feat of the Haitian Founding Fathers - Toussaint Louverture- Jean Jacques Dessalines and Henry Christophe to break away from 300 years of slavery is nothing but spectacular. It should be recorded as a universal event that shapes the conscience of the world, for the best and forever.
Haiti has sounded the alarm for the liberation of oppressed people everywhere, at a time when the Christian Church was silent, when the Literature of the learned sages gave their endorsement to rationalize the concept of slavery.
(Voltaire : "in the tropics at some point apes had subdued some of our girls and the Negro race had thus come into existence"
Montesquieu : "it is improbable that we should have to assume that those black beings over there are human, because, if we have to consider them human beings, we might as well believe that we ourselves are no longer Christians).
The rest of the world owes an eternal debt to Haiti and to its Founders. The citizens of Haiti, the descendants of those Titans must greet each other with the motto : Honor, Respect and Glory. They must also receive from all people of the world the same reverence of : honor, respect and glory !
Haiti glorious past lasted only the span of the bloom of a rose. Toussaint Louverture who had the support of the young United States in his quest for nationhood was taken into the trap of the megalomaniac Napoleon Bonaparte. He was kidnapped, thrown out into a cold jail and died a year later, in France. The torch of Liberty was passed on to Jean Jacques Dessalines ; he carried the mission with gusto and bravado when his brethren assassinated him on October 17, 1807
Henry Christophe who fought in Savannah to facilitate the American Independence, succeeded Dessalines in bringing the torch of liberty to another high, equal to the mighty Citadel he built on the top of a mountain to repel future foreign invasion. But his comrades in arms misunderstood him. He killed himself out of desperation of not being able to carry its mission of nation building.
The initial abysmal downfall of the creative Haitian inspirational Revolution had its origin in a change of government in the United States. John Adams the second American President was supportive of Toussaint Louverture, providing him with arms to combat Britain and France. He bestow Toussaint with favorable commercial treaties, opening up the American market for the commerce of molasses enriching on both sides of the Atlantic the merchants of Rhode Island and the coffers of planters in Hispagnola. Being rich like a Creole was a "cool aspiration "for many Americans at that time. Toussaint Louverture succeeded in rebuilding the economy of the island to the scale equal to the colonial prosperity. He was respected by both white and black in his nation building skills.
Thomas Jefferson who succeeded John Adams sided with Bonaparte in his plan to restore slavery in the island. The fact is, Bonaparte with the blessing of the new American foreign policy embarked on a major expedition to bring Hispagnola back into the then world order : the subjugation of black people into eternal slavery. Through his Foreign Minister Talleyrand, Bonaparte instructed the British and the American that the expedition to Haiti was being conducted in the interest of Western Civilization It was a crusade against the barbarians.
The Haitian Founding fathers succeeded in reversing the course of history. Haiti exploded into birth, forcing the march towards Black Emancipation in the United States some sixty years later. Bonaparte plan, to use Haiti as the jewel corner in building a colonial Empire in the Western Hemisphere, was defeated. As such Jefferson obtained from Bonaparte the surprise deal of the bargain price of 15 million dollars for the Louisiana Purchase, a by-product of the Haitian successful revolution.
The new Republic was soon seen as a black sheep all over the world. To start with, France demanded and received an amount equivalent to 21 billion dollars for indemnity to recognize Haiti independence. The United States waited until 1860 with the advocacy of John Brown and Frederic Douglass to send its first Ambassador to Haiti. The countries of Latin America such as Columbia, Venezuela and Bolivia received money and arms from Haiti in their struggle for independence. Yet, they all have shunned Haiti from participating in international conferences and in financial transactions. Germany, France, and Holland interfered with Haiti politics to extract, blackmail, and extort vast sum of money from successive Haitian governments. Such resources could be used for national development.
Finally the United States in 1915, under the pretext of preventing mayhem and national chaos, invade Haiti to protect the financial interests of City Bank. To their credit the American occupation introduced Haiti to a public health infrastructure and a public security apparatus by organizing the Haitian army. But critics are unanimous to conclude that the American technicians sent to Haiti were very poor in nation building skills. They reinforced the prejudice against dark skin Haitians by promoting and aligning mainly with the elite mulatto. In fact, the Americans did not seed deeply the roots of democracy in Haiti by failing to empower the paysantry.
Using the yardstick set by the French Historian, Ernest Renan to measure the conditions for building a nation, we find that you need a defined territory, peopled by citizens, which glow in the same historical past and dream of the same vision of the future.
The Haitian people are all proud of their historical past, but they definitely do not share the same vision of the future. Toussaint, Dessalines, Christophe wanted to create a nation where the children - black and mulatto, former slaves and freemen would have their place at the same table enjoying the fruits of liberation through diligence, hard work and equal opportunity.
This concept was not shared amongst the rest of the Founding Fathers ; they saw in the new Republic a continuation with a slight revision of the colonial regime practice. Education should be a privilege reserved only for a few. Ownership of the land should be confined to the generals, their immediate family and to those who possess title before the independence. Economic dominance and political power was to be exercised by the very few with the right last name.
Indeed the following presidents, Alexandre Petion and Jean Pierre Boyer who led Haiti formative stage during the next fifty years, stamped the country with the virus of easy life or"laissez graining and map roolee (faking diligence). That culture is still prevalent today. The State treasure and resource became a source of looting or "dechoukaille" by those who can put their hands on the key. The citizenry expected every thing from the State without learning to put its own contribution in building a nation. The Haitian process of development entered into a vicious circle where the seed is eaten before it is planted.
President Mbke of South Africa in a soul searching address to the Caribbean Chief of States probed the question of why Haiti fared so low in its self governance. Beyond the usual cliché of victimization, it is important to look into the Homo sapiens Haitianis to seek why the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of 1789 have produced vibrant democracies while the Haitian Revolution of 1804 has degenerated into a failed state.
The American founding fathers, George Washington, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and Benjamin Franklin have individually and collectively framed and shaped the psyche of the young America. They have instilled the virtues of pluralistic tolerance, pragmatism and community cooperation. The United States is a patchwork of self-governed communities.
In contrast, Haiti formative years were shaped by two rulers (Alexandre Petion and Jean Pierre Boyer) who lasted (50) years but had a scant view of education and of nation building. The mass of former slaves went into the mountains where they still resided with no service from and no demand to the Haitian governments.
Haiti languished for the next one hundred (100) years with presidents who could barely write their names, but were led by invisible hands and different factions that need to share the spoils of the national treasure for their personal benefit. Last but not least, Haiti in the last fifty- (50) years has suffered the kidnapping of the concept of nationhood by the emergence of a new type of rulers who used the mantra of populism and of reaching out to the neglected.
Yet, Dumarsais Estime, Francois and Jean Claude Duvalier and Jean Bertrand Aristide cared only for their political cronies and of maintaining themselves in power at any cost. As a result they have pauperized not only the small middle class but have sinked the country deeper into misery, while forcing the local intelligentsia to leave and remain outside the country for the foreseeable future
Estime is still one of the most cherished Haitian Chief of State. Yet a cursory review of his mandate indicates that the Haitian peasantry was slowly enriching itself through the program of selling banana to the Standard Fruit Company. Estime, to satisfy his political ambition of buying off the Haitian Senate, nationalized the Standard Fruit Cooperative Market and distributed the buying outposts to influential Senators ; within a year the whole operation came to a close, putting in motion the pauperization process of the rural peasants.
Francois and Jean Claude Duvalier introduced in Haiti the concept that the Haitian peasantry is a force to be reckoned with. While they catered to the lower instincts of the masses by arming them and bringing them to the Capital for their many intimidating rallies, they both failed to create good schools, good heath clinics and road infrastructure in the country side. The immediate and the long term result are the massive emigration of the Haitian brain force towards the United States and the Canada with the strong internal peasant migration towards Port au Prince creating shantytowns all around the cities.
Jean Bertrand Aristide took power with the slogan that the rocks that glazed in the sun will now enjoy the cool feeling of those rocks long immersed into water. Indeed the masses have stand up behind him at his election, and his return from exile .Yet the result of his governance is on the negative side. Using the victimization process, the government has squandered millions of dollars in foreign Aid. It has lost the good will of the populace and worst it is postponing at best, say, preventing through bad governance and organized insecurity the return of the large mass of the Diaspora that is ready and willing to invest in the Haitian reconstruction. at the eve of the Bicentennial
Indeed Haiti today, is still the land of a revisionist colony. Eighty-five (85%) of the population still lives in a de facto apartheid system. The 555 rural counties of Haiti have no running water, no decent schools, no functioning health clinics, no roads, no electricity, no telephone, no post office box and no designated share of the national budget. Desperate, those peasants flood the shanty- towns of City Soleil (Port au Prince), La Fossette (Cape Haitian), and Raboteau (Gonaives). They are now at the gates of the cities, opening up a new shantytown at the rate of one a month into any available open space. They are also selling all their belonging to secure passage into a clandestine leaky boat for a trip towards a better future in Little Haiti, Belle Glade, Pahokee, Immokalee, Delray Beach or Fort Pierce, Florida.
The state of Haiti at this present time is in a shamble. At the eve of its Bicentennial, the mood for celebration is at a dime light. The first generation of émigrés, those who left Haiti in the 60’ at the peak of the state sponsored terrorism of the dictatorship of the Duvaliers, are now at the age of retreat. Armed with financial and intellectual muscle they are ready to help in the rebuilding of the nation. But they are now parked in Hollywood, Boca- Raton, Kendall, Wellington or Kissimmee, awaiting the appropriate wind of security, peace and democracy from Haiti to land in the motherland.
That wind had been shut tight since 1956. The country has known for the past 50 years, the dictatorship of the Duvaliers, the militarism of the Namphy, Avril and Cedras. It is now under the illiberal democracy of the Lavalas regime. The international aid has been curtailed because of the imbroglio between the Government and the Opposition concerning irregularities in the past legislative election. Irrespective of such foreign aid, it is the right of each citizen to expect at least the services of public security and of public health from its government. Those two basics needs, are not met in Haiti. Cape Haitian, the tourist capital of the country is in state of squalor so vivid that the city is off-limit to the thousand of cruise ship vacationers who visit Labadie every week. Yet Labadie is located at only fifteen minutes from Cape Haitian, a world heritage site. Foreign investment, voire expatriate transaction is seeking a better climate.
On the other side of the spectrum, the Convergence (the Coalition of some 184 organizations and political parties) is embarking into a "caravan of hope". Its leaders go from cities to cities sharing the Covenant for a new Haiti. While the schedule of the caravan and the harassment of the government supporters against that caravan are well publicized, there is little publicity about the content of the covenant. Does it contain a revised and extended version of the Lavalas slogan that : the cool water should be spread to all, including those who knew the cool and fresh feeling and to those who never taste it ? Did it include first and foremost the plan for building a nation with an affirmative action program on behalf of the Haitian peasant class ?
The rogue nature of successive Haitian governments is well documented, the impact or the lack thereof of the international organizations in facilitating the improvement of the lot of Haitian peasantry is deconcerting The last major involvement of the United Nations in Rural Haiti was in 1940 with the Marbial experience. The USAID major involvement in rural Haiti ended in 1963 with the closure of the integrated project Pote Cole in the northern part of Haiti.
Since Haiti is 90% rural, the highest rate in the world according to the Swedish economist and scholar on Haiti Mats Lhundal, one would expect that the policies of the major donors would be to force rural development on the recipients for the grant money. The concentration of the not for profit organizations in Port au Prince, the capital of Haiti is an indication that the priorities are not in the right place.
The Haitian middle class, ten per cent of the population, has homes in Boca Raton and a mountain villa in the cool hideaway of Fermathe or Laboule.(Port au Prince) He shops in Miami and vacations in the Dominican Republic. The concern should be on and above all for the peasantry. Significant improvement in the lot of the Haitian masses could be seen if a coordinated effort was made by the European Community, the USAID, and the Canadian Agency for Development, Japan and the Republic of Taiwan on rural Haiti. They can jointly and individually urge each NGO to adopt one to three rural counties ; backed by their financial and technical expertise Haiti would soon flourish.
Furthermore, the United States government in using some creative planning can and should divert 10 to 25% of its interdiction at sea budget for a rural renaissance project in the Haitian country side. The vista of those migrants who took the sea for a better future towards Florida would soon disappear. It is smarter and cheaper to stop the clandestine migration at its source. Making rural Haiti hospitable and attractive for the paysant is the quickest way to put an end to internal and external migration
In the end, the future of Haiti is in the hand of the Haitian people themselves. The more than two dozens trips by the Organization of American States to solve, to no avail, the political issue, is a clear indication, that the creation of a nation, hospitable to all is the business of its own constituents.
The people of Haiti must face the requirements of Nation building 101. It calls for the acceptance of and the militancy towards equal opportunity for all, albeit through diligence and hard work from each
It demands that no child be left behind with the best education made possible by the Government and by the private sector.
It includes the development of the resources of each locality with the view that the locals enjoy first the benefits of their environment.
It calls for nurturing a moral and civic compass amongst the citizenry so the spirit of brotherhood and of fraternity is the concern for all.
Last but not least it demands, enhancing and protecting the environment for the enjoyment of future generations.
I dream of a 2004 Haiti.One that is inspired by the Titans of 1804 in accomplishing the task of creating a nation hospitable to all, rich and poor, black and mulattoes, rural and city folks. This proud Haiti will continue to create a better world for all, a world where the African brethren will be urged to forgo their tribal culture of killing each other while the resources of their land is stashed in Switzerland by agent provocateurs.
A world where the African transported into the West Indies will understand their land is prime real estate to be cherished and valued, where the sun, the sand and the spice are prime commodity for the benefit of its citizens first and foremost.
Last but not least, the African American brothers and sisters in the United States will use the strength of their education, their talent and their money to share the skills that will uplift not demean the human race in general, the world black population in particular.
The lesson for Haiti is the same as for Iraq, Bosnia, Afghanistan, Venezuela, Zimbabwe Mexico or Argentina. The process of rebuilding calls first for a momentum from all the segments of the society to forge the same vision of the future. The United States, at its creation in 1776, did not contain the concept of equality for the large black population. It was only in 1860, that Abraham Lincoln went to war in the South to impose the vision that Black American should be equal to White American in term of pursuit of justice, welfare and happiness. Yet we have to wait one hundred (100) years for the true implementation of that concept with the ratification of the Civil Rights Bill under President Lyndon Johnson in 1964. It was the beginning of the true creation of the American Nation. Since then, the United States has accomplished much more in the last forty years for the emergence of the Black American population than any Black nation has done for its citizens in the last two hundred years.
South Africa under the De Clerk regime was not yet a nation ; it is only with the election of Nelson Mandela that the vision of one country, one people, was being crafted for a brighter future for all, black and white. Indeed, the entire continent of Africa is peopled with non-nation countries. Whether it is Rwanda where one million Tutsis were butchered by their brethren ; whether it is Nigeria where tribal fights caused dozens of death daily ; Whether it is Liberia where the descendants of the pioneering Black Americans look down upon the natives fueling a lasting civil war ; the lesson is clear, creating a true nation is the condition sine qua non for peace and prosperity in a country. .
President George W. Bush and Ambassador Paul Bramer III in the nation building process in Iraq must first call for the education of the Iraqis in seeing that the Shiites, the Sunni Muslims, the Kurds, and the Baathists are members of the same Iraqis family. The vista of Iraqis looting, state hospitals and state universities is a clear indication that the concept of nationhood has not been taken place in that country. Alongside with security, creating the concept of nationhood must be on the high priority list for the United States if they want to be successful and exit gracefully in their policy of implementing democracy forever in Iraq.
The same principle applies to Afghanistan. The fast road to bring about democracy and development to the country is to instill the notion that all Afghan including warlords land have the same right and the same obligations. Good school, health clinics and opportunity for all. The security system cannot be confined to the City of Kabul.
Furthermore the task of repairing the wrong of the past cannot be delegated to a charismatic, messianic, demagogic leader who uses the concept of nation building to oppress the opposition groups in the country. Saddam Hussein has used the Bahatist party as a weapon of destruction upon the rest of the population. Robert Mugabe is using the veteran soldiers as its instrument of weapon of destruction upon the white population and the opposition parties. The Bolivares in Venezuela could be seen in the same light as instrument of mass destruction upon the opposition members.
Fast forward to Haiti, the subject of our focus in nation building 101, the Bicentennial Jubilee is a window of opportunity to start over in the right path. Haiti needs a government that teaches its citizens that all the sectors of the society, city and rural people must share in the budget for education, health, infrastructure, habitat and economic stimulation. To catch up with 200 years of desolation and neglect, an affirmative action program on behalf of rural Haiti must receive the support and the cooperation of all.
There is a Haitian proverb that says : The days before the event will tell you about the success of the day of celebration. At the dawn of Haiti Bicentennial, the light is on the dim shift. According to that Haitian proverb, the 2004 Celebration will be at best subdued at worst, a non-event in Haiti. Yet there is no reason for the celebration not to take place in full force in the offshoots of Haiti, in Florida, New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts. The States of Florida and of New York are home to some 400.000 Haitians each, while Massachusetts and New Jersey have around 200.000 Haitians each.
The Haitian liberation against slavery was an uplifting event for the whole universe. As such, the Bicentennial cannot and should not be the business of only the Haitian people. It is fitting that the Governor and the Legislature of Florida (and by extension, New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts) use this window of opportunity to look into the State of the Haitian Diaspora within their Commonwealth. A bird sight view of Florida a la De Tocqueville would indicate that the state of the Haitian Diaspora is not on the bright side. Traveling on Route 80, from West Palm Beach to Fort Meyers two cities noted for their extraordinary quality of life, you face the desolation of Belle Glade, Pahokee, South Bay, and Immokalee all with a large concentration of Haitians.
Those outposts can become centers of mixed-use industry, manufacture services and of course agriculture. A joint initiative from Governor Bush and the Florida Legislature can lead (with proper tax incentives) foreign corporations to invest in those blighted areas. In promoting the renaissance of Belle Glade, Pahokee, South Bay, Immokalee and Fort Pierce, the State of Florida would improve the lives of the Haitian migrants. Above all, it will enrich the State by eliminating those dark spots in a canvass of developed and manicured cities, towns and villages.
It was two hundred years ago that another invasion of Haitians transformed the State of Louisiana into a Creole preserve, where Mardi-Gras, jambalaya, fine cuisine, made a "big easy" culture where tourists flock today en masse to enjoy the taste of good life.
Florida with its tropical vegetation that reminds us of Haiti, with its large Haitian population eager to contribute its culture to the American ethos, is the best training ground for Haitians to learn the process of rebuilding their own country. (Ditto for New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts) By using the Bicentennial of Haiti Independence as a window of opportunity to make the life of the Haitian migrants an uplifting one, America will present a deserving thank you note, to a gallant country. It has projected to the world some two hundred years ago that man and woman, whether black or white are God made creature endowed with spirituality, intelligence, and the urge for love, dignity and justice.
Jean H Charles, MSW, JD. is executive director of AIDNOH Inc, (Association for the integrated development of the North of Haiti Inc ) a non profit organization dedicated to curtail the immigration of Haitians to South Florida by making Haiti more hospitable to the Haitian people in particular those living in the country side. E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.org
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There are many prototype factories, which can't be described too much. If you don't know much about this industry and want to make a prototype, how to choose the partners? In other words, there are so many prototype factories, which prototype factories do better?
To judge which hand model is better, we need to combine all aspects. It can be roughly divided into the following four types. If all of them meet the standard, the efficiency of this hand model factory should not be too bad.
1、 Exquisite product appearance
It is required that the appearance is beautiful and generous, and the interior is free of defects. This puts forward higher requirements for the hand model to be more precise, precise and high-quality.
2、 Fast and efficient production
On the one hand, it requires the prototype enterprises to shorten the prototype production cycle as far as possible and deliver the prototype to the prototype users as soon as possible. On the other hand, it is more important to enable users to produce products quickly and efficiently with the supplied prototype.
3、 Low cost
This is not only to achieve low-cost manufacturing and low-cost supply of the prototype through the design, processing and assembly of the prototype production, but also to enable the prototype users to use the prototype to achieve low-cost production. This puts forward higher requirements for the prototype.
4、 High quality
Jinan hand board manufacturers believe that to achieve high quality of products, the hand board model must be of high quality. The stability of the hand board model must be better, and it is better to ensure the consistency of products, but also to ensure the service life. High quality prototype is closely related to technology.
So much has been said above. In fact, the question of which hand model is better can be summed up in a few words: good quality, high appearance value, fast production speed, and the important point is affordable. If you need to buy this, please come to our website http://www.jrjmockup.com Consult.
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Satellites that orbit close to Earth are dragged down by the residual atmosphere, which eventually causes them to return to the planet, sending them to burn up in the atmosphere, according to a new report from Space.com.
Satellites are falling and collapsing ten times faster than they were previously.
This sequence of events has coincided with the start of the new solar cycle and resulted in satellites falling and collapsing up to ten times faster than before, an astounding increase by all accounts.
"The satellites were sinking about two and a half kilometers [1.5 miles] per year in the last five years," says Space.com. "But since December last year, they have been virtually diving."
Our precious life-giving sun has been accumulating since last autumn, generating more and more solar wind, sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections that have all had an impact on Earth's upper atmosphere. All of this is a result of the star ending an 11-year solar cycle.
This process, however, is a natural phenomenon; it results in disaster for our satellites.
Stromme noted that there is still a great deal of unclear physics going on in the upper layers of the atmosphere where it interacts with the solar wind. "We know that this interaction causes an upwelling of the atmosphere. That means that the larger air is shifting upwards to higher altitudes."
Denser air always results in increased satellite drag, which can result in some lower-orbiting spacecraft collapsing to their final extinction.
"It's almost like slamming against your wind," Stromme said. "It's harder, it's drag, so it slows the satellites down, and when they slow down, they sink."
This possibility is bound to affect all spacecraft located around the 250-mile altitude, according to the researcher. Yet what about common satellites that cannot undertake such tasks?
"Many of these [new satellites] do not have propulsion systems," Stromme said. "They do not have ways to get up. That basically means that they will have a shorter lifetime in orbit. They will return sooner than they would during the solar minimum."
Space junk will be gone!
The outcome of this situation is that all space junk will likely be cleared out. For sixty years, humans have been launching things to space, creating a problem of space debris that desperately needs to be cleaned out.
This solar phenomenon may just clear up most of the junk out of space!
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Despite the exciting progress on power conversion efficiencies, the commercialization of the emerging lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell technology still faces significant challenges, one of which is the inclusion of toxic Pb. Searching for Pb-free perovskite solar cell absorbers is currently an attractive research direction. The approaches used for and the consequences of Pb replacement are reviewed herein. Reviews on the theoretical understanding of the electronic, optical, and defect properties of Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives are provided, as well as the experimental results available in the literature. The theoretical understanding explains well why Pb halide perovskites exhibit superior photovoltaic properties, but Pb-free perovskites and perovskite derivatives do not.
Keywords: double perovskites; halide perovskites; lead-free; optoelectronic properties; solar cells.
© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Political indicators told us that the Kenyan Political Problems started few years after the independence of Kenya in 1963 and exactly in the second term of the reigning of the second Kenyan president Daniel Arab Moi.
In fact, the indicators are not only political. They are also sectorial and social. They may be accurate and up to the points and they may also be wrong in some levels while spotting factors.
Sometimes the Kenyan political scene seems calm, despite the fact that sectorial and social problems boil under the surface of the normal view of every day life
While sometimes religion adds something challenging, but in fact it is one of the social elements of the challenges, which include ethnicity.
It is very interesting to say ethnicity in Kenya, although according to the demographics of Kenya the land is black and it is owned by Africans. That means there is not serious numbers on non-african who can change this fact.
In the Great Lake region in East Africa the population of Kenya have reached 45 million of Bantu, some Cushitic ethnic minorities and Nilotic population.
The minority of Arabs acquired the Kenyan nationality and they are few numbers from Hadhramaut and Oman. They live mostly on the coast in cities like Mombasa.
There is also a minority of Indian descendants from Indian residents in 1896 and they came as labours from India to build the British railway. Many of those who become Kenyan Indians came from Gujarat.
The census in 2009 estimated 46,782 as Kenyan Asians and those who don't have Kenyan nationality/citizenship are 35,009. Kenyan Europeans are 5,166 and there are 27,172 European in Kenya without a citizenship.
Kenya has experienced assassinations, riots, coup attempts, ethnic violence, and political corruption, since just few years after the independence. The ranks of the disaffected, the unemployed, and the poor have multiplied.
In this authoritative and insightful account of Kenya's history from 1963 to the present day, Daniel Branch sheds new light on the nation's struggles and the complicated causes behind them.
Branch describes how Kenya constructed itself as a state and how ethnicity has proved a powerful force in national politics from the start, as have disorder and violence.
He explores such divisive political issues as the needs of the landless poor, international relations with Britain and with the Cold War superpowers, and the direction of economic development.
Tracing an escalation of government corruption over time, the author brings his discussion to the present, paying particular attention to the rigged election of 2007, the subsequent compromise government, and Kenya's prospects as a still-evolving independent state.
In 300 pages, "Kenya: Between Hope and Despair" explores 48 years of Kenya's post-independence history. The exploration highlights indeed the Kenyan political problems, when you look deep behind the lines to connect some things that had happened in the past with what happens now.
As a book it is not without merit, as the story moves along at pace and the historical informative insights Daniel Branch serves up is easily digestible. In this respect it is a popular history for the general reader, or someone new to the subject of Kenyan history.
Unfortunately, however, for those with a knowledge of the country's history, Branch's multiple errors and unjustified assumptions will prove a problem.
Take for example the book's section on the murder of Kenya's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr Robert Ouko, in February 1991 (`Who Killed Bob', pages 190 - 193).
Branch writes: `To maintain cohesion of the ruling elite, the government nevertheless turned to another well-rehearsed method of asserting its authority', i.e., had Ouko murdered.
There is little or no evidence for this assumption and virtually all of the evidence that has come to light since about 1991 suggest that it is wrong.
A couple of lines later and Branch states; `On 15 February 1990, the partially burnt body of the foreign minister, Robert Oukjo, was found, close to his home near Kisumu'. In fact, Ouko's body was first found on 13 February that year by a local herdsboy (who did not report it to the authorities) and officially found following a police search on the morning of 16 February.
Branch goes on to state that Ouko's relationship with some of his cabinet colleagues in the months prior to his death had `soured' in the months leading up to his death. There is little or no evidence for this statement (and much that contradicts it) and Branch does not provide evidence in its support.
More worryingly, Branch repeats verbatim an allegation made in a book by the US Ambassador in Kenya at the time of Dr Ouko's murder, Smith-Hempstone, that is demonstrably nonsense.
Smith-Hempstone claimed in his autobiography that Ouko had been taken from his up-country farm at Koru, transported to State House, beaten and shot twice in the head in front of President Moi by a member of Kenyan cabinet and then dumped back near his home and his body burnt to conceal his injuries.
However, if Daniel Branch had read the forensic evidence supplied by Scotland Yard (who were called in to investigate Ouko's murder) he would have known that Dr Ouko was shot where is body was found, or a few feet from it.
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Written by Dr. D. Rao
Putrefaction or decomposition is the final stage following death, produced mainly by the action of bacterial enzymes, mostly anaerobic organisms derived from the bowel. Other enzymes are derived from fungi, such as penicillium and Aspergillus and sometimes from insects, which may be mature or in larval stage. The chief destructive bacterial agent is Cl. welchii, which causes marked haemolysis, liquefaction of post-mortem clots and of fresh thrombi and emboli, disintegration of tissue and gas formation in blood vessels and tissue spaces. The other organisms include Streptococci, Staphylococci, B. Proteus, B. Coli., B. aerogenes capsulatus, etc. Bacteria produce a large variety of enzymes and these breakdown the various tissues of the body. It begins immediately after death at the cellular level, which is not evident grossly. There is progressive breakdown of soft tissues and the alteration of their proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Organisms enter the tissues shortly after death, mainly from the alimentary canal, and less often through the respiratory tract or through an external skin wound. Because the protective agencies of the body are absent, the bacteria spread through the blood vessels using the proteins and carbohydrates of the blood as culture media.
Soon after death, cell membranes become permeable and breakdown, with release of cytoplasm containing enzymes. The proteolytic, glycolytic and lipolytic action of ferments leads to autodigestion and disintegratio of organs, and occurs without bacterial influence.
The characteristic(3D) features of putrefaction are:
Discoloration-changes in the colour of the tissues,
Disfiguration-the evolution of gases in the tissues,
Dissolution-the liquefaction of tissues
Decomposition may differ from body to body, from environment to environment and from one part of the same body to another. Sometimes, one part of the body may be mummified, while he rest may show liquefying putrefaction.
The time required for skeletonisation varies considerably. In the case of an exposed body, flies, maggots, ants, cockroaches, rats, dogs, jackals, vultures, etc., may reduce the body to a skeleton within a few days. When the body is in the water, it may be attacked by fishes, crabs, etc. which reduce the body to a skeleton in a few days. In an uncoffined body buried body, the lower temperature, the exclusion f air, absence of animal life, etc., markedly delay decomposition. The important factors are seasonal, climatic variation, the amount of soil water, the access of air, and the acidity or otherwise of the soil water. In India
, an uncoffined buried body is reduced to a skeleton within about a year. Buried bones may decay at different rates, e.g. neutral soil may not destroy the skeleton at all. Acidic soil may cause decay in about 25 to 100 years. In bodies placed in airtight coffins, decay process may not occur for centuries. In a hot climate, bones on the ground surface may decay in 5 to 10 years. The protein content of the bones decomposes. As the bones contain largely inorganic material, they will crumble, rather than decompose. Flat bones and the bones of the infants and old, breakdown faster.
Internally, decomposition advances at the same rate as seen externally. As the blood decomposes, its colouring matter transudes into the tissues, which become uniformly red, the colour becomes darker and finally black. The viscera become greasy and softened. The softer the organ, the more blood it contains, and the nearer to the sources of bacteria, the more rapidly it putrefies. The organs composed of muscular tissue and those containing large amount of fibrous tissue resist putrefaction longer than the parenchymatous organs, which because of the contents at the time of death, decompose rapidly.
As a general rule, the organs show putrefactive changes in the following order. 1] Larynx and trachea. 2] stomach, intestines and spleen. 3] Liver, lungs. 4] Brain. 5] Heart. 6] Kidney, bladder, uterus. 7] Skin, muscle, tendon, 8] Bones.
It resist putrefaction for a very long time.
The virgin uterus is the last organ to putrefy. Gravid uterus or soon after delivery, it rapidly putrefies.
Conditions affecting the rate of putrefaction:
Temperature: Putrefaction begins above 10oC and is optimum between 21oC and 38oC. A temperature increase of 10oC usually doubles the rate of most chemical processes and reactions. It is arrested below 0oC, and above 48oC.
Moisture: For putrefaction moisture is necessary, and rapid drying of the body practically inhibits it.
Air: Free access of air hastens putrefaction, partly because the air conveys organisms to the body.
Clothing: Initially clothing hastens putrefaction by maintaining body temperature above that at which putrefactive organisms multiply for a longer period. If the clothing is tight as under the belts, suspenders, socks, tight-fitting undergarments, and boots, the putrefaction is slow, for it causes compression of the tissues, which drives out the blood from the part, and prevents the entry internal organisms. Clothes prevent the access of airborne organisms, flies, insects, etc., which destroy the tissues.
Manner of burial: If the body is buried soon after death, putrefaction is less. Putrefaction is rapid in a body buried in a damp, marshy or shallow grave without clothes or coffin, because the body is exposed to constant changes of temperature. Putrefaction is delayed if body is buried in dry, sandy soil, or in a grave deeper than two metres, and when the body is covered and placed in a coffin because of exclusion of water, air and action of insects and animals. When a body is buried in lime, decomposition is delayed. Putrefaction is more rapid if changes of decomposition are already present at the time of burial.
Putrefaction in water:
Age: The bodies of newborn children who have not been fed, decompose very slowly because the bodies are normally sterile. If the child has been fed before death, or if the surface of the body has been injured in any way, decomposition tends to take place with great rapidity. Bodies of children putrefy rapidly and of old people slowly.
Sex: Sex has no effect.
Condition of the body: Fat and flabby bodies putrefy quickly than lean bodies, due to larger amount of fluid in the tissues and excess fat, and greater retention of heat.
Cause of death: Bodies of persons dying from septicaemia, peritonitis, inflammatory and septic conditions, general anasarca, asphyxia, etc., decompose rapidly. Putrefaction is delayed after death due to wasting disease, anaemia, debility, poisoning by carbolic acid, zinc chloride, strychnine and chronic heavy metal poisoning, due to the preservative action of such substances on the tissues or their destructive or inhibitive action on organisms, which influence decomposition.
Mutilation: Bodies in which there are wounds, or which have suffered from other forms of violence before death, putrefy rapidly owing to the ease with which organisms gain access to the damaged tissues.
In advanced putrefaction, no opinion can be given as to the cause of death, except in cases of poisoning, fractures, firearm injuries, etc.
The rate of putrefaction is slower in water than in air. Putrefaction is more rapid in warm, fresh water than in cold, salt water. It is more rapid in stagnant water than in running water. Putrefaction is delayed when a body is lying in deep water and is well protected by clothing, while it is rapid in a body lying in water contaminated with sewage. As the submerged cadavers float face down with the head lower than the trunk, gaseous distension and post-mortem discolouration are first seen on the face and then spread to the neck, upper extremities, chest, abdomen and the lower extremities in that order. When the body is removed from the water, putrefaction is hastened as the tissues have absorbed much water. The epidermis of the hands and feet becomes swollen, bleached and wrinkled after immersion, and may be removed as a cast of the extremity, after 2 to 4 days. After several weeks in water, macerated flesh may be stripped from the body by the action of currents or the contact with the floating objects. Fish, crustacea [crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc.] and water-rats in a sewer may destroy the body. Moulds may be located anywhere on the body, but generally are found only on the exposed surfaces.
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Yes. I believe that economies and migrant workers will benefit from the UN convention, but I believe this with one caveat. The migrant workers will not want to feel regulated in their efforts to make a living. If the UN imposes limits and regulations on migrant workers and their employers, this will deter migrant workers from being able to work as much as they would like to. Sometimes a decent "under-the-table" wage is great for an economy. I'm not saying they should be doing this, but it definitely makes a difference in terms of how much money a migrant worker is able to send home to his or her extended family.
No, the UN Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families is not good for economies, because it is too specific. What is good in one country might not be good for another. Each nations needs to develop their own policies, based on what their own economy can sustain. It is unfair to make all of the nations the same.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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|DeEtta and Popeye pose for a
picture along the Turnagain Arm.
Barkley and Savanna on a warm summer day.
Echo relaxes at the park.
Buster's always alert.
Anchorage Dog Walkers was started to provide attention and exercise to dogs who are home alone while their owners
are working or on vacation. It is important for a dog's quality of life to have at least 30 minutes of exercise each day to
prevent boredom, to stay healthier and for its overall well-being. Anchorage Dog Walkers understands that all dogs
have different needs so we do our best to come up with a suitable exercise program for each pet in our care For the
dogs who are young and active, we can provide longer walks or runs so they can release some of their energy. For
the dogs who prefer to sniff around, we can provide a more leisurely stroll.
We specialize in dogs who lack social skills or could use improved manners. Our goal is to teach dogs to walk politely
with a variety of dogs in multiple settings. It is important for dogs to have social outings where they feel comfortable
and relaxed, not afraid or anxious. If your pet would like a fun outing during the day, could use better social skills or
improved manners, Anchorage Dog Walkers may be able to help!
Our walkers are all animal lovers who love the outdoors. Our walks are not only enjoyable and beneficial for the dogs,
they also allow the sitters to get outside and to be active! Anchorage Dog Walkers provides ongoing training to their
walkers so you will receive the highest quality service. We are prepared for a variety of weather conditions and
always have the pet's best interest in mind. We can leave you notes each day to describe where and when we went
on walks and any other important information. We will always be watching for signs of fatigue (panting, dry mouth,
dogs looking for shade, etc.) and will take appropriate measures to avoid overheating, dehydration, or illness. In
snowy weather we will keep the dogs' blood flowing so they stay warm and we will clean their paws of salt, ice or snow
pack. In the summer we will provide water (which we carry year-round), shade and breaks as needed. While you're at
work or on vacation, you can relax and be assured that your pet is safe and is being treated as one of our own!!
Anchorage Dog Walkers is insured and bonded and is a member of Pet Sitters International (PSI). As members, we are
happy to follow PSI's Quality Standards of Excellence. To read about these standards, go to:
** DeEtta Bloem (owner) loves the outdoors and knows how important it is to stay active. She has lived all over the
USA and attended junior high and high school in Mexico. DeEtta has a certification in dog training from CATCH
|ANCHORAGE DOG WALKERS
for a tail waggin' good time!
Boru gallops through the snow!
Jessy was 16 years
old here!! GO GIRL!!
Bodhi being patient, as usual.
Reiley, The Gentle Giant.
|We walk more and more "doodles".
Winston has such a beautiful face.
Mojito at the beach!
Paylynn sure was a BIG puppy!!
|Maggie on an amazing
Gotta love these faces!
Bo's big round eyes.
Akila enjoying a ski day.
Roxanne going for fish under the ice.
|Some of the walkers....Matt, Marcus, Jenissa, Autumn,
Courtney, Patrick, Claire, Brian....and the dogs.
|
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|
Finance, encompassing public and private activities that deal with the allocation of credit and capital resources, serves as a critical driving force for real economic growth. The transition to an inclusive green economy, in particular, will be capital demanding. However, the current financial system often fails to take into account the long-term social and environmental impact of certain economic activities, resulting in underinvestment in green sectors and overvaluation of environmentally damaging assets such as the fossil fuel industry.
In response to the gap between the capital resources needed and current investment flows, endeavors are being made to align the financial system with the needs of green growth. The UNEP Inquiry results, released in late 2015, demonstrate a growing trend in policy innovation from central banks, financial regulators and standard setters, in both developed and developing countries, who are incorporating sustainability factors into the rules that govern the financial system. Additional research and understanding will help the international financial system prioritize the green economy agenda and propel green growth.
Relevance to the SDG
Sustainable Development Goal 1, target 1.4, calls for increasing access to appropriate financial services, including microfinance, to poor and vulnerable population. In addition, SDG 10 target 5 calls for improvements in regulation and monitoring of the global financial system.
|
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|
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| 0.934762
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|
Wisconsin Veterans: You are welcome here
“Your mission is to get through school. You can do that with the help of the tech college team.” Jennifer Ross, Army National Guard and 2014 graduate of NWTC
Wisconsin’s technical colleges stand ready to serve you. We appreciate your service to our country and want to help you further your education and find a new civilian career.
Advantages of Wisconsin’s Technical Colleges for veterans:
- Allow you to receive training and find employment quickly.
- Can maximize credits you have received from your military service and allow you to transfer to a four-year college or university sooner.
- Smaller class sizes help you become comfortable and gain confidence in a higher education setting.
- Technical colleges generally have a more diverse population with a more mature student body. Our average age is 34 years old.
- Technical colleges offer flexible learning opportunities and scheduling opportunities so you can work around job and family responsibilities.
Wisconsin’s technical colleges offer veterans the following resources:
- Priority enrollment
- Veteran Certifying Officials
- Career Coaching
- Academic Advising
- Disability Services
- Veterans Clubs
Did you know?
Under the Wisconsin GI Bill, qualifying veterans and their eligible spouses and children can qualify for remission of up to 128 credits (or 8 semesters, which ever is longer) of program fees/tuition and material fees for courses leading to an associate degree, liberal arts transfer degree or vocational diploma.
To qualify, you must have been a Wisconsin resident when you began your military service or have been a Wisconsin resident for at least five consecutive years immediately preceding the semester in which you seek to use your Wisconsin GI Bill benefits. Spouses and children of eligible spouses must be residents for tuition purposes and be the surviving spouse or child of an eligible Wisconsin veteran.
Not sure where to start?
Visit your local college website to connect with the Veteran Certifying Official. He or she will ensure your benefits will take care of your needs while you attend college and get you started on the path to your new career. The Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs website has educational benefit information available as well.
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|
On 11 and 12 December Warwick hosted a two day launch event to bring together partners from Greece, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Vietnam for a project designed to initiate sustained reform of the graduate engineering programmes at each of the Asian higher education partner institutions.
The project, titled 'ENabling Humanitarian Attributes for Nurturing Community-based Engineering’ (ENHANCE), is being led by Dr. Georgia Kremmyda of Warwick's School of Engineering. The project was awarded a grant of €999k from the European Commission under the Erasmus + Key Action 2 Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices; Capacity Building in the field of Higher Education.
It builds upon Warwick's innovative Masters in Humanitarian Engineering, which welcomed its first cohort in October 2018. The course uses a unique learning approach to investigate complex humanitarian issues from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives in order to develop balanced, intelligent and synergistic solutions.
Dr Kremmyda said;
"It has been a pleasure to welcome our partners to Warwick and to plan out this project with agreed work packages and deliverables. The ENHANCE project is a forerunner of supporting and strengthening the higher education field in the partner countries by introducing modern, innovative pedagogical approaches, identifying and tackling inherent barriers in quality, knowledge organisation, content, and hierarchy, and ensuring advancement of emerging skills. This will lead to an increase in accountability, raise the quality and consistency of engineering services to the society, and improve in-country capacity to operate safely”.
The ENHANCE project launch event coincided with Warwick's 3rd Symposium on Humanitarian Engineering on 10 December which saw ninety-five registered participants coming together to explore disaster risk reduction, safer engineering and resilience of critical infrastructure. The Symposium, which was supported by the Sustainable Cities GRP, had a geographical focus on South-East Asia and welcomed 42 attendees from this region. Keynote speakers included Mark Harvey, Head of Profession (Infrastructure) in the Research and Evidence Division of the UK Department for International Development; Tom Newby, Head of Humanitarian at CARE International; and Professor Dwikorita Karnawati, Head of Indonesia's meteorology and geophysics agency. A common theme in the discussions was the need to involve local communities and ensure interdisciplinary and inter-professional co-operation when designing and applying engineering solutions to address humanitarian challenges.
The ENHANCE project involves nine higher education institute partners;
- University of Warwick, UK
- University of West Attica, Greece
- Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
- Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
- University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Ho Chi Minh University of Transport, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam
|
<urn:uuid:ecdf58a7-17c1-4622-8092-4d91d9f2b99c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
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|
en
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| 581
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|
There is a strong case for finance and other elite professions to become more socially diverse and tap into a much larger pool of potential talent.
Research commissioned by the City of London Corporation in November 2020 found that 89 per cent of senior-level employees in financial services were from a higher socioeconomic background as judged by parental occupation.1
Socioeconomic diversity is only just starting to be considered as part of companies’ diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives, both because it is a less visible trait than gender or ethnicity (meaning it is easy to overlook) and because – shockingly – discrimination based on class tends to remain socially accepted to this day.2
There is, however, a strong case for finance and other elite professions to become more socially diverse.
Mirza Baig, global head of ESG investments at Aviva Investors, says that, since there is no link between a person’s talent and their socioeconomic background, employers are likely to hire a much stronger set of candidates if they look at those with the highest potential across a wide social spectrum.
However, changing hiring practices to broaden the talent pool and transforming company cultures to foster constructive conflict is fraught with difficulties.
Corporate D&I initiatives can make people feel exposed, when what they want is to blend in
For example, corporate D&I initiatives can make people feel exposed, when what they want is to blend in. “When you’re from an ethnic minority, you’re already incredibly visible. D&I initiatives can intensify that feeling of being different,” says Vaidehee Sachdev, people pillar lead and senior impact analyst at Aviva Investors.
Secondly, managers often feel annoyed by those who express different viewpoints, which in large part explains their tendency to hire, sponsor and promote those most like themselves, and to put often unconscious pressure on people with different views to conform. Furthermore, people from different backgrounds who make it in elite professions tend to shed their identity to fit in.
Support for greater social mobility is also hindered by a lack of clear and simple definitions around socioeconomic status and any consensus on how to measure socioeconomic diversity in the workplace. A lack of data in the UK adds to the difficulties.
In a recent Investment Week article, James Whiteman and David Aujla, co-leads of the Diversity Project’s social mobility workstream, say a good start for employers is to ask the four key questions suggested by the Social Mobility Commission: main household earner parental occupation at age 14; type of school attended at age 11–16; free-school-meal eligibility; and highest parental qualification.4
Companies should ensure employees from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds can flourish
As for new recruits, Whiteman and Aujla recommend 80 per cent of firms’ intern and graduate intake should be from state schools, which still allows for over-representation of privately educated graduates of just under three times.
Once on board, companies should ensure that employees from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds get the right support to allow their careers to flourish.
Three points to remember
- Around 89 per cent of senior-level employees in financial services are from a higher socioeconomic background as judged by parental occupation4
- Employers are likely to hire a much stronger set of candidates if they look at those with the highest potential across a wide social spectrum
- Companies need to do more to support the career progression of employees from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds
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<urn:uuid:099f797b-30b5-44c6-bd41-3b744c9d5642>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
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IN essence, according to Section 230(1) of the Companies Act, 2016, fees and any benefits payable to the directors of a listed company and its subsidiaries shall be approved at a general meeting.
The section basically makes it legally binding for companies to table resolution in relation to fees and benefits payable to all directors of a listed company. From this, there are few important definitions that needs to be understood.
First, the section only refers to fees. It does not refer to other emoluments or remunerations enjoyed by directors of companies. Second, it also does not differentiate whether the director is an executive director (ED) or non-ED (NED), nor does it differentiate between an independent and a non-independent director. As we know, the annual report of any listed company basically explains the amount of remunerations paid to directors and there are few items that make up the total remuneration of a director.
Let’s take an example of a listed company, Tenaga Nasional Bhd (TNB). The utility company has 10 directors based on its 2018 Annual Report.
Out of this 10, one is an ED and nine others are NEDs. Five are independent directors while five others are non-independent directors. In terms of their remunerations, all the directors are given several types of remunerations and they include directors’ fees, meeting allowances and benefits-in-kind.
In addition, the ED enjoys emoluments, which is defined by TNB in its annual report as contribution to the EPF, bonus, car allowance, flexi benefits, long-term incentive plan and gratuity. The ED’s total remuneration for FY2018 was RM11.5mil, of which RM8.7mil was in the form of emoluments. For the other eight NEDs, (excluding one director that was only appointed in March 2019) the total remunerations amounted to RM2.35mil for 2018.
Now, lets look at the agenda of TNB’s annual general meeting (AGM). Out of the eight agendas that were tabled at the AGM, three were related to directors’ remunerations. Agenda No. 4 called for shareholders to approve payment of fees to NEDs amounting to RM2.06mil for FY2018. Agenda 5 was related to payment of fees to NEDs of RM20,000 per month and non-executive chairman of RM30,000 per month with effect from Jan 1 2019 to the next AGM date. Agenda 6 was in respect of payment of benefits (other than fees) to the NEDs amounting to RM2.26mil from the date of the AGM to the next AGM.
Reading from above, it is very clear that an AGM to approve directors’ fees and benefits is transparent and it allows shareholders to vote for it to ensure that the company is served by not only a competent board but also a board that is rewarded for its time and effort.
Wait a minute! Where was the approval for payment of emoluments to the non-independent ED? The answer – None!
While a corporate board today follows strictly the written law when it comes to fees and benefits, corporates are getting away paying exorbitant amounts to their ED, mainly in the form of salaries and bonuses or emoluments, and these are left unchecked by shareholders.
Another example is Genting Malaysia (GenM). In its last AGM notice, the resolution related to directors’ fees to be approved by their shareholders amounted to RM1.21mil, while for benefits, the resolution was mainly on meeting allowances as well as other benefits. GenM as at Dec 31,2018 had three non-independent EDs and seven independent NEDs (one was only appointed on Dec 3 2018). Other than meeting allowances and fees, which is paid to all directors, non-independent EDs enjoyed salaries and bonuses (more than RM50mil in total), a defined contribution plan (more than RM10mil), other short-term employee benefits (about RM420,000), an employee share scheme (almost RM34mil) and benefits in kind (RM1.8mil).
While some of these may have been approved by shareholders before (especially the employee share scheme), shareholders do not have the benefit to scrutinise the largest amount being paid to their directors – salaries and bonuses. Of course we all know now that the chairman and the chief executive has taken a voluntary pay cut at the last AGM to the tune of 20% but the fact of the matter remains his remuneration was not a resolution that was tabled at the AGM.
Even in AirAsia’s case, a similar observation can be made. In its last AGM, resolution 2 called for shareholders to approve the NEDs’ remunerations in relation to their fees amounting to RM262,500 per annum and committee fees, which ranged between RM35,000 to RM75,000 per annum. In AirAsia’s annual report, details of other form of remunerations are disclosed and this include salaries and bonuses amounting to RM38.3mil to their two EDs.
As investors and shareholders, it is likely that whatever is paid to the ED in the form of salaries and bonuses will be approved by shareholders but the issue here is why isn’t there enough transparency for salaries and bonuses to be paid to all EDs and scrutinised by shareholders.
After all, if Felda Global Ventures’ shareholders felt the directors were indeed overpaid for the poor performance of the company, shouldn’t all directors’ remunerations be subjected to shareholders approval? Or is it that Section 230(1) of the Companies Act is not strong enough to encompass all forms of payments made to directors and not just fees and benefits or are companies circumventing Section 230(1) to avoid public scrutiny by paying their EDs’ salaries and bonuses or emoluments that don’t fall under the legal framework?
The issue of CEO and directors’ remunerations is hotly debated issue among investors not only in Malaysia but globally. Even in Malaysia’s case, the CEO’s pay has risen substantially and there is pressure to reduce the gap between the median pay of an employee and amount paid to a CEO or an ED. In certain companies, this gap is now at more than 300x, which is totally insane when we have minimum wage at RM1,100 and median wages of less than RM2,200 per month. It is time for Malaysia to act to reduce this gap and one of the first steps is to raise minimum wage to at least RM1,500 by next year and second step is to provide guidance as to the limit as to how much should a corporate’s top executives be paid in relation to the median wage of a company’s employees.
For listed companies, it makes a mockery of an AGM when approval is required to pay independent directors some measly RM30,000 or RM60,000 per annum (or RM2,500 to RM5,000 per month) when other directors walk away with millions and are not scrutinised by all shareholders.
After all, all directors owe a duty to shareholders equally and are jointly liable in the management of the affairs of the company. So why are directors, whether independent or otherwise, not scrutinised equally when it comes to remunerations? T
ime for greater transparency and perhaps even an amendment to Section 230(1) is needed to make it compulsory that all forms of remunerations to directors must be approved by shareholders and not just fees and benefits. Its time for shareholders to have a say on all forms of remunerations paid to all directors and not just NEDs.
The views expressed here are solely that of the writer.
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|
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Definition of self-fulfilment
Trends of 'self-fulfilment'
View usage over:
Definition of self-fulfilment from the Collins English Dictionary
New on the Scrabble blog
Allan Simmons, a former Scrabble champion, shares his tips on how to learn words to improve your Scrabble game.
Join the Collins community
All the latest wordy news, linguistic insights, offers and competitions every month.
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<urn:uuid:d51ec69f-7a43-4ad2-904c-2eeca0e55ec9>
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| 0.910565
| 94
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|
Daniel Hannan is a writer and journalist, and has been Conservative MEP for South East England since 1999. He speaks French and Spanish and loves Europe, but believes that the European Union is making its constituent nations poorer, less democratic and less free.
Greece wants the euro but doesn't want the austerity. How much longer can this go on?
Supporters of the euro, in Athens and in Brussels, have been quick to proclaim victory. Greek Euro-enthusiasts congratulated their countrymen on their level-headedness, while EU officials indicated that the country might be rewarded with a slight relaxation of the bailout terms. Yet there is something contrived, rehearsed even, about the triumphalism.
Look, after all, at the actual results. Greece has repeated itself, only more emphatically, declining to give any party a majority. In Europe's palaces and chancelleries, the hope is that the two old parties, PASOK (corporatist Left) and New Democracy (corporatist Right), might form the core of a pro-bailout coalition: between them, they have a bare majority. But PASOK is indicating that it doesn't want to join any coalition without SYRIZA (populist Left), which in turn says it won't join any government that accepts the EU's cuts package. If no coalition is formed, what next? A third election? A fourth?
The odd thing is that, in policy terms, the parties are closer together than you might think. Foreign media have defined the election as a contest between pro-austerity parties (PASOK and ND) and anti-austerity parties (almost everyone else). But a glanceat the party manifestoes reveals that they are all, in varying degrees, anti-austerity. PASOK and ND say they want to renegotiate the bailout terms, slow the cuts, introduce more generous unemployment benefit and, in the case of ND, cut taxes.
Indeed, ND has the worst record of all: it ran up the deficit in the first place, lied about it, and then voted against every attempt by the Papandreou government to tackle the problem which it had created, while simultaneously insisting that Greece must remain in the euro at all costs. The chief difference between the three big parties is that ND proposes tax cuts which, while desirable in principle, are hardly a way to cut the deficit in the short term. All of which makes it hard to believe that an ND-led government, if one can be cobbled together, could deliver the necessary fiscal tightening. None of the fundamentals has been altered. As Allister Heath puts it, Greece has jumped out of the fire into the frying-pan.
The Greek electorate is in denial. It rejects austerity, but insists on keeping the euro. All the main parties duly parroted what voters wanted to hear, making for a fantasy election, a make-believe election, a fingers-in-my-ears-I-can't-hear-you election. The only list which was honest about the necessary cuts – a coalition of three liberal parties – failed to gain a single seat.
What will happen the next time Greece reneges on its promised spending reductions? Will the rest of the EU now lose patience? I doubt it. For thirty years, Greece has been subsidised, indulged and encouraged to look to Brussels for all its solutions. Now, faced with what they see as a problem of the EU's making, Greeks understandably shrug their shoulders and expect Brussels to sort things out for them. And you know what? Given the way the EU has behaved to date, they might just be right.
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Our health is largely determined by how we take care of ourselves. Developing positive habits at an early age can lead to a prolonged life with fewer health complications down the road. Currently, the average American lifespan rests at 78 years, which is somewhat disappointing compared to other first world countries like Japan and Switzerland — which both have life expectancies of 83 years.
You may be wondering what are some natural ways to “hack your life,” and improve your health moving forward. So let’s dive into these quick tips, and start helping the body function better.
1. Drink a Gallon of Purified Water Each Day
Our bodies are made up of 60 percent of water, and consuming enough water each day promotes several health benefits. Water consumption helps regulate body temperature, move nutrients through the body, protects vital organs/tissue, provides joint lubrication, improves the digestion process, and moistens the eyes, mouth, and nose. Drinking water also helps the body rid harmful toxins from its system.
2. Eat Vegetables, Fruits, and (a little) Meat
A well-balanced diet brings a variety of vitamins and nutrients to the body. An ideal diet centers around rich-colored vegetables like spinach, kale, broccoli, carrots, and red cabbage. To supplement vegetables, daily fruits should also be consumed like grapefruit, pineapple, avocado, and blueberries. However, as fruits can contain high levels of natural sugar, it is important to consume twice as many vegetables. Finally, adding in a small amount of grass-fed meat will round out a diet that is built to promote good gut health and proper nutrient levels.
3. Don’t Consume Alcohol or Tobacco
Drinking and smoking carry a multitude of health issues. The consumption of alcohol and tobacco can result in issues like high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, damaging inflammation to organs like the lungs, liver, and pancreas. Additionally, both substances work to weaken the body’s immune system, and its ability to fight harmful agents.
4. Get Enough Consistent Sleep
Sleep is when the body works to recover from the effective loads of each day. During sleep, DNA is repaired and restored to better function during this time. One of the best ways to ensure a healthy life is to get consistent, quality sleep. Going to bed by 10 PM every night, and getting 8 hours of sleep will help the body limit inflammation, improve immune function, and aid in supporting your mental health.
5. Get Good Stress – Exercise Daily
Exercising puts good stress on you. By working out 30 minutes each day, you are helping promote positive effects on various sections of the body. Both aerobic and anaerobic exercises provide a variety of benefits including: increasing energy levels, reducing the likelihood of heart disease, encouraging weight loss, reduces muscle loss, helps build bone density, betters sleep quality, and decreases feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression.
Looking for More Healthy Living Tips?
Whether that involves creating an entirely new diet regiment, developing a nutrient supplement plan, or impacting other lifestyle factors — The Epigenetics Healing Center will help improve your overall health. Schedule an appointment today, and together we will develop a strategy that works to better the quality of your physical and mental health.
Are you ready to restore your life?
Dr. Jay Goodbinder ND DC DABCI is a doctor in Kansas City, MO who serves patients in the surrounding Kansas City areas, cities across the United States, and in several countries around the world.
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Answer this poll
What is a Boston Terrier ?
A Boston Terrier dog breed is most of the time easily recognizable because it is a typically small dog with a short tail, erect ears and a short muzzle.
This dog breed is also considered the “gentleman of dogs” mostly because of the color mix that gives it the air of wearing a tuxedo. 😉 The Boston Terrier is the first dog breed originating from the United States of America and it was first recognized in the 1890s by the American Kennel Club (AKC). Nowadays there are owners of this breed of dog from all around the world!
Learn more about the Boston Terrier Breed.
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Promoting Universal Design in Architectural Education
Jim Harrison and Kevin Busby, Linda Horgan
Lecturers, Cork Centre for Architectural Education, UCC/CIT), Lecturer, School of Occupational Therapy,
University College Cork
Although UD is an internationally recognized way of thinking about the built environment, there is still a long way to go before user inclusion becomes a fundamental principle in all design. Education of future professionals is obviously one effective way to achieve this, but might be frustratingly slow if this is to take a new generation to become fully established. Identifying and finding ways of removing the barriers, attitudinal as well as physical, is then a priority area.
The presentation introduces the authors’ collective teaching experiences on ways of sensitising and raising students’ awareness of the barriers and hazards that users face, through observation, simulation or experiential exercises. In order to recognize, in everyday environments, design solutions that are well-integrated and therefore less apparent, techniques to develop both a ‘Critical Eye’ and an ‘Appreciate Eye’ are discussed. Students are widely receptive to such challenges, but some reluctance remains amongst tutors, where UD may be perceived as an impediment to ‘good design’; this may be attributed to aesthetic limitations of many accessibility and safety features, which are difficult to integrate effectively. Since universal design may be difficult for anyone without an experienced eye to recognize, a positive proposal would be to develop a better reference source of good exemplars, with technical explanation and comments.
Although based on the principles of accessibility and the reduction of barriers and hazards, Universal Design goes further to provide for the widest range of users ‘to the greatest possible extent’. But such ubiquity makes it more difficult to legislate for. Regulations generally deal with one element at a time whereas, by definition, UD requires a ‘joined-up’ approach. Most architecture courses teach the importance of building codes in construction design, but the challenge is how to go beyond mere compliance with ‘Part M’ and involve students in really inclusive solutions. Various ways to achieve this through legislation, such as Access Statements, have met with limited success, so as well as the ‘box-ticking’, approach to elemental design, other more positive forms of encouragement are vital: ‘carrots’ rather than ‘sticks’. Initiatives such as the NDA’s Universal Design Challenge are positive steps towards achieving this seamless integration in design.
Proposals to develop full Teaching Modules in Universal Design may seem to be a good idea in principle, but the writers believe that singling out this aspect of design may seem to imply that it can be regarded as an ‘add-on’ rather than an integrated aspect of design. Architecture courses are primarily based on design projects, so that the writing of briefs can discreetly require students to address the real needs of whole populations, from Level One to doctoral research. More optimal ways to inculcate UD would be to include projects with stronger social significance, or focusing on aspects of disability and how designing for users can be mainstream, rather than for special needs.
Pioneering work in Ireland and Asia to establish integration of universal design into the curriculum in schools of architecture will inform the discussion, including techniques learned from professional ‘Training the Trainers’ workshops and the development of accessibility codes, as well as identifying and working with partners in allied professions. At UCC the development of reciprocal teaching arrangements with Department of Occupational Therapy has proven a fruitful field, apprising OT students of ways of working with architects in designing for special needs whilst highlighting their creative abilities; reciprocally, architecture students learn from the experience of OT lecturers in functional ability. Ongoing research into the effectiveness of such enterprises is further detailed.
Based on these precepts, the presentation seeks to stimulate discussion in the workshop, share experiences and elicit positive proposals to integrate UD into architecture courses, on topics to include:
- Teaching techniques, curriculum and appropriate project topics, including devising access audits and the holistic appraisal of complete life-zones;
- Practical exercises and experiences in working with user groups;
- Continuing professional development, including topics of use for educators (which include many part-time tutors) to pass on to their students;
- Aesthetic barriers and misapprehensions, through exemplars good and bad,
- Dissertation topics or electives at Masters level;
- Landscape and conservation issues architecture, pedestrian access and street furniture: working with engineers and planners;
- Developing Access Champions – individuals sensitized and motivated to promote UD;
- Thesis and Research topics; two-way exchange between teaching staff and students;
- Current and future trends in design, such as Lifetime Home concept and future developments in housing provision, the Shared Space concept, adaptive and sensor technologies;
Schools of architecture as resource centres (e.g. providing advice on building adaptations).
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David Bourget (Western Ontario)
David Chalmers (ANU, NYU)
Rafael De Clercq
Ezio Di Nucci
Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa
Jack Alan Reynolds
Learn more about PhilPapers
Ethics and International Affairs 23 (4):371-388 (2009)
Since 1989 we have witnessed a proliferation of efforts to develop international norms of the rights of ethnocultural minorities, such as the UN's 1992 Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, the Council of Europe's 1995 Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, and the Organization of American States' 1997 draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This activity at the level of international law is reflected in a comparable explosion of interest in minority rights among normative political theorists. In this context, Michael Walzer's work occupies an important but somewhat anomalous role. On the one hand, he was arguably the first political theorist, at least in the postwar era, to take seriously the issue of minority rights. Nonetheless, Walzer's work has had surprisingly little enduring impact on multiculturalism debates in either academic political theory or international law. One explanation for this puzzle is that Walzer's substantive discussion of minority rights seems to sit uneasily with his more foundational theory of justice, laid out in Spheres of Justice . I want to suggest a distinct (but complementary) explanation for why Walzer's work has not permeated the debate, focusing less on metaethical worries about his account of common meanings, and more on the practicalities of how he categorizes ethnic diversity. Walzer's state-differentiated but minority-undifferentiated approach simply does not connect to the governing premises of the larger academic and public debate, which treat minorities as differentiated and states as undifferentiated. I believe it is Walzer's idiosyncratic approach to categorization—more than his controversial theory of justice-as-common-meanings—which explains his relatively marginal role in the multiculturalism debate.
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Yu-Chien Hsiao is interested in the fluidity and unstable and uncertain changes in liquids. At first, she simply wanted to record the state of how it flows, so she recreated this. Because what we care about is the state formed when water is sprayed and atomized, she used a single color as the main color, which is clear and easy to identify, while she selected rice paper as its medium because the surface fibers are smoother than other papers. The reception and presentation are also relatively instant. Different shades of ink are changed in the picture, but it also avoids creating too strong contrast and a sense of space, and try to keep the picture in a flat, stable and harmonious appearance. It is slightly transparent, soft to the touch, incomplete white, and also shows a less clear and warm feeling.
Roughly speaking, regardless of the differences in the techniques used, size, and number of pieces in the work, she tries to make the images in the picture de-imaged, and the non-figurative pictures are easier to understand than the figurative patterns. It is more difficult in the art. Without the criteria that can be used as a reference with the specific images and objects visible to the naked eye in the real world, the viewer will be forced to think from the material itself or the size and other conditions, and at the same time, the atmosphere of the medium will become the composition. a major element of the work.
In the age of vision, changes in the mode of production affect the way of human life, which in turn affects the way humans understand society. Matter is interpreted as a symbol. When a symbol of human commonality is used, universality exists. In it, the uniqueness of the artist's motives for using the medium is gradually diminished at the same time. Therefore, how to deal with paper and express the atmosphere of paper is to be discussed through creation. Rice paper has long been used as a carrier for cultural dissemination, poetry, calligraphy, painting, literati popularity, etc. Under the catalysis of time, when this object deviates from the era when it was invented, and inherits the sense of the times and historical significance at that time. The rice paper has formed its own characteristics and atmosphere. Through the creator's technique, the rice paper is extracted from the existing frame as a carrier, expressed with the characteristics of the media itself, in addition to the presentation of visual beauty, it also tries to change the existing viewing mode and create new expressions other than the inherent.
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It’s one of those tragic moments. You remember where you were and what you were doing.
A woman living in New York’s Brooklyn Heights at the time told us, “It was a night we heard the news, we were sort of shocked. We really didn’t believe it, and then all of a sudden it was true.”
The December night in 1980 when John Lennon died, people spontaneously showed up outside the Dakota apartment building where he was shot twice by Mark David Chapman. They began to sing.
“I was at our first home in Southeast Denver. And it affected my husband probably more than me but it affected us a lot,” said a Denver woman.
The death of John Lennon was for many people what C.U. psychology professor Alice Healy calls a, “flashbulb memory.” They are very consequential, emotionally charged events.
“Some people have studied it and argued that there is no better memory for these flashbulb events than for every day events,” said Dr. Healy. “They do find that people are more confident in their memories and have more vivid memories.”
Some of the world’s greatest tragedies are etched in our memories.
“Obviously September 11th is the biggest said a 21 year old. Nearly all of us have a memory of what we first heard, or a moment of powerful emotion we remember. Perhaps it was the planes striking the buildings. Or, one man remembered how drivers on the highway slowed, pulled over and put their heads in their hands, or raced at high speed – maybe trying to get home, or maybe in anger.
“The space shuttle when that wrecked, I was in a classroom,” said another man about the shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986. “I was 3rd grade when that happened.”
“The Virginia Tech shooting,” said the 21 year old. “I was driving to college and I heard about it on the radio. And I called a friend because his girlfriend went to Tech.”
We place ourselves and can even recall the weather says Healy.
Some have argued, “That they’re using a different part of the brain and a different set of processes,” and that leads to greater retention said Healy. But there are a number of studies. Experts have said it is something emotionally charged or consequential.
“Not necessarily tragedy. But yes maybe it is that charged event that puts some kind of imprint on our memory and protects it from forgetting.”
Healy points out that we’re often replaying big events in our memories and that may keep them fresh in our minds.
“We elaborate, we think about its meaning,” she told us.
We asked the man who remembered the shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986. He said he couldn’t remember the positive things like that. But when we give it thought we have positive flashbulb moments, like a marriage or the birth of a child, or our memories as children. That’s what makes us what we are.
Thankfully, are lives are not all made up of tragedies like the killing of John Lennon.
“And even today just being with my son in downtown Denver is terrific,” said a mother. Maybe she’ll never forget it.
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Yesterday, the FDA issued a statement warning consumers of the dangers of powdered caffeine. These products are especially popular among young people, as a small amount of the stimulant has an immense effect- one teaspoon of the pure caffeine powder is approximately 25 cups of coffee.
The product has come under scrutiny following the death of high school athlete Logan Stiner, who overdosed on powdered caffeine he had purchased over the internet. Stiner died of cardiac arrhythmia, which led to seizures. The product is available on websites that sell vitamins and supplements and lacks regulation.
According to the FDA, symptoms of caffeine overdose include,
- Rapid heartbeat
The FDA urges consumers to avoid powdered caffeine, and asks consumers with information on adverse events associated with highly caffeinated products to contact the FDA.
Read more here- “’It can kill:’ FDA Officials Issues Warning on Powdered Caffeine, Nearly 100 percent Pure Caffeine,” (Katie Delong, Fox News)
Olivia is a graduate of Villanova University where she studied Economics and History, minoring in Gender and Women's Studies. She also has experience working with federal legislatures on health care policy, women's issues, and Internet safety.
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Make Your Campus Visit Valuable
If you want more out of a campus tour, it’s up to you!
February 23, 2016
Let’s be honest, most college tours are standardized. The tour guides, though students, are most likely employed by the admissions department at the college and therefore are given instructions on what to do and say on the tours.
While the information on tours is helpful, there is so much more to know about a school, especially if you’re seriously thinking about attending. If you want more out of a campus tour, it’s up to you!
Here are some guidelines and tips on how to take your visit out of the mundane and pump in more value.
The entire process is overwhelming and there’s a lot you’ll want to remember once you get home from your visit.
You don’t need to write down every little thing, but try to jot down any noteworthy items you’d like to remember that may be helpful in the future while making your college admissions decision.
Stay by the guide.
This will ensure you don’t miss any tidbits he or she shares, plus you’ll be close enough to ask any conversational questions that may arise during the tour.
It can be intimidating to ask questions while on a tour but, it’s often a lot less daunting if you’re within earshot of the guide.
Taste the campus food.
This is the sustenance you’ll likely be living off of, so make sure you’re able to deal with it!
Explore the campus with (and without) your parents, but definitely apart from the general confines of the tour.
Students should see more than just the school’s landmark buildings and get a sense of what the school’s atmosphere is like apart from what the admissions office is showcasing. It’s the most accurate way to see the campus from a student’s perspective without actually being a student.
Talk to students.
Try to speak to students other than your student tour guides. They will likely be the most candid regarding their experiences with the admission process, the school in general, the professors, as well as any other questions or concerns you may have, especially since they aren’t employed by the admissions department.
Schedule any necessary meetings.
Meet with financial aid and/or admissions officers while on campus. It’s easy to schedule and it will be helpful to get the questions answered sooner than later.
Stay the night, rather than just attending for a more traditional two to three hour tour. You’ll meet more students; get a feel for dorm living and you will likely get to taste the food as well.
Keep in mind, though, if you aren’t best friends with your host, it’s not the end of the world. There will be tons of students on campus that you will have a lot in common with – so make the most of the situation and try to learn about the college in terms of academics and any other general questions you may have.
Try to sit in on a class or two to get a feel for the size, teaching methods and styles of the classes you’ll be taking. That way, you’ll be able to accurately judge if the school offers the right academic environment for you.
What other tips are valuable to utilize on campus visits?
Need money to pay for college?
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GTE Directories Launches Log on to Literacy Donation Program on SuperPages.com
Our editorial transparency tool uses blockchain technology to permanently log all changes made to official releases after publication.
More of our content is being permanently logged via blockchain technology starting [10.23.2020].
online donation program gives consumers an easy way to contribute to literacy
DALLAS, Texas - GTE Directories is leveraging its position as a leader in online directory services to promote literacy through an online donation program on GTE's SuperPages.com (http://www.superpages.com). "Log on to Literacy," which kicked off on Dec. 1, enables consumers to make an online donation on SuperPages.com to support local and national reading and book donation programs. Consumers can access the literacy donation program from the SuperPages.com home page.
"Log on to Literacy" will help support GTE Reads, a public charity established earlier this year by GTE Corporation, dedicated to distributing funds to existing national, state and community-based literacy organizations. Through SuperPages.com and the recently announced bill donation program, GTE expects to raise millions of dollars in the United States for literacy. Continuing their 10-year history of supporting literacy causes, GTE will match the first $1 million donated to GTE Reads, in addition to its yearly contributions to literacy.
"As a champion of literacy, GTE wants to give consumers anywhere in the country an additional and easy channel to support the cause," stated Earl Goode, president of GTE Directories Corporation, creator of SuperPages.com. "With more than 100 million Americans using the Internet, we've identified another way to support adult, child and family literacy programs throughout the United States."
For millions of Americans - and their children - low literacy skills mean fewer opportunities. Whether for education, jobs, or community involvement, reading is the foundation for success in life and a crucial skill that many in our communities struggle with every day.
According to the National Institute for Literacy:
"We believe people want to make an impact on the literacy issues in America," said Goode. "We hope that the efforts of GTE will bring awareness and the resources necessary to help solve the literacy problem in this country."
Donations collected through the "Log on to Literacy" program will be added to those collected from GTE's "Check Into Literacy" program, a telephone bill donation check-off program. GTE Reads will distribute these funds back into the cities or regions from which they were donated through hundreds of national and local literacy organizations. In this way, donors to GTE Reads will know that their efforts will help their own communities.
About SuperPages.com Service and GTE Directories Corporation
With more than 12 million businesses listed and tens of thousands of advertisers, SuperPages.com, created by GTE Directories Corporation, is a rich, comprehensive shopping resource designed for people who want the convenience of finding information and purchasing products and services online. A leading Internet Yellow Pages and shopping site, SuperPages.com has received as many as 25.7 million cumulative unique visitors from January through October, according to Media Metrix. SuperPages.com has conducted as many as 13.4 million Yellow Pages searches per month. GTE Directories Corporation is a part of GTE Corporation, one of the world's largest telecommunications companies and a leading provider of integrated telecommunications services.
About GTE Reads and GTE Corporation's Literacy Effort
GTE's community and philanthropic programs target excellence in education, particularly math, science, technology and literacy. GTE also supports job training, delivery of health and human services, and the arts. The company's newest program is GTE Reads, a public charity designed to create public awareness, increase fundraising and support organizations dedicated to improving America's literacy levels. GTE customers can contribute to GTE Reads by checking off a box on their bill. Others can contribute through GTE SuperPages.com.
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When it comes to making ends meet, freelancing, or “gigging” as it’s often called, has become the latest trend for recent grads in finding success in the "New Economy". Once the realm of aspiring actors juggling server jobs and babysitting gigs to support their dream, the new face of gigging is now much more sophisticated.
Continue Reading Below
New reports show that one out of every two college grads under the age of 25 is either jobless or underemployed. According to a recent Rasmussen poll, “89% of American adults believe it will be at least somewhat difficult for recent graduates to find a job in today’s economy.” As a result, young Americans have been turning to free agency as an alternative to pursuing traditional full-time careers, giving rise to this notion of “gigging” as a viable career path. A recent survey by the freelance job board Elance found that 83% of Millennials (roughly those between the ages of 18 and 30) indicated that freelancing is the cornerstone of their career strategy, 63% of freelancers have a bachelor’s degree or higher, and 42% prefer freelancing to traditional full-time employment.
What is Gigging?
Gigging is essentially freelance or independent work. Independent contractors, often referred to as “1099” contractors, work for themselves and offer services to individual clients and corporations. Essentially, it’s about creating and marketing the business of “You” to both individuals and companies looking for contractors. As result of the recession and tight budgets, companies started moving towards a more contingent workforce to save on salary and benefits costs, thus creating opportunities for freelancing or “gigging”.
Where to Look
Freelance Sites. Companies like Elance, Solvate, and oDesk not only match you to the right freelance opportunity, but they also handle contracts, billing, and communication technology, which helps ease the administrative burden on individuals. Essentially, they become your administrative arm and take care of the nitty-gritty stuff.
Continue Reading Below
Social Media. For the true free agents, the key to successful gigging is all about leveraging your network. The freelance market is all about who you know. Interestingly, a recent survey by TweetMyJOBS found that those from the Gen Y crowd (recent grads included) are more reluctant than their older counterparts to use social media for job hunting and work purposes. The best way to expand your network is through social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Social media sites like TweetMyJOBS offer free customized job channels to help match you to opportunities that meet your criteria without having to constantly check job boards.
The Pros of Gigging
- Control Over Destiny. If you are an independent-minded person and enjoy being the master of your domain, gigging may be for you. A survey from Elance showed 90% of the respondents indicated that control over their schedule was a "somewhat" to "very important" part of their choice to gig. In a close second, 87% of the respondents indicated following their passion to be important in making the choice.
- Earning Potential. Starting salaries are on the decline for recent graduates, and gigging, in many cases, can afford young workforce entrants the opportunity to get out there and hustle for their money. For those more entrepreneurially minded, what starts out as gigging could turn into a business venture.
The Cons of Gigging
- Unpredictability. You won’t be able to predict when gigs are going to become available and how they fit into your schedule. Also, gigging is typically short term, which means that you’ll often find yourself out hunting for the next one before your current gig is even finished.
- Wearing a Lot of Hats. Gigging means you are in the business of YOU! You have to be your own marketer, salesman and negotiator. It’s about walking a tightrope and balancing a lot of roles. This isn’t for everyone.
- Financial Stability. There is something to be said for getting regular paychecks, they offer a level of security. In the gig economy nothing is ever guaranteed, and getting paid on time isn’t always easy.
Times have changed and the way we all approach approach work is going to have to change too. We have entered into an age of career entrepreneurialism where modern careers are going to be more “gig” focused than ever before. It’s all about taking charge and creating a “you plan” designed by you, for you!
Michael “Dr. Woody” Woodward, PhD is a CEC certified executive coach trained in organizational psychology. Dr. Woody is author of The YOU Plan: A 5-step Guide to Taking Charge of Your Career in the New Economy and is the founder of Human Capital Integrated (HCI), a firm focused on management and leadership development. Dr. Woody also sits on the advisory board of the Florida International University Center for Leadership.Follow Dr. Woody on Twitter and Facebook
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http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2012/05/14/how-to-make-gigging-full-time-job.html
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AFRICANGLOBE – Former Tanzanian President Dr. Benjamin Mkapa has came out in full support of the stance taken by Zimbabwe not to attend the just-ended EU-Africa Summit in Brussels, Belgium, saying it was “very silly of Europe to choose for us who should attend” such meetings. He castigated some African countries that he said had developed a “sickness” of depending too much on foreign aid, adding that when Europe calls for any meeting, the leaders of these African countries have no choice but to rush there mainly for the “photo sessions”.
“. . . We have arguments now about economic partnerships between Africa and Europe. I know they have been having this summit up there, the EU-Africa Summit. I am glad your President didn’t go because I think as Vernon Mwaanga, a former colleague of mine, said, it is very silly to choose for us who should attend those meetings . . . ohh, yes, I support the stance that was taken by your President . . .
“You ask me why this is still happening, well (African countries still going for such meetings) I think one, it is almost like a sickness now. Aid dependency is still holding us hostage and is still very much above our thinking. Aid, aid, aid.
“The European people will tell you we will give you this much by way of aid and for that reason we say this is an opening that we can’t close. Secondly, and really, I am not running down the leadership, but some people like the ceremonies and photographs which come out of there. No, truly; a whole leader of a country being happy to have those photo sessions smiling at the camera. It’s because we have not initiated the rethinking of relations between Europe and Africa. I am very conscious of this now that I am out of office and I see things differently because I go to these international meetings as chairman of the South Centre.
“South Centre is supposed to encourage Africa to rethink not only relations between themselves but relations between us and the developed world, particularly the industrialised world. For instance, do you know that there is more trade between African countries than there is between Africa and Europe? The growth is greater between African countries than it can be with Europe.
“So, when they come to me and tell me on the basis of reciprocity, you open up your market, we will open up our market, I say to them: ‘Wait a minute, what would I make to be able to sell in your market; competitively with your market? But if you brought your goods into my country you will kill the local industries because our people psychologically think your goods are superior; better than ours.’
“This really does tell you there is a certain aid dependency, not only materially, but also psychologically. You know, it’s so pathetic.” Dr. Mkapa said some leaders in Africa lacked the conviction and courage to fight the economic struggle.
He was, however, glad that Zimbabwe, under President Mugabe, has taken the lead in the economic struggle through the land reform programme.
He said those who doubt President Mugabe’s vision today will understand him later because most Founding Fathers like Dr. Nyerere in his country, are way ahead of time in their thinking.
Dr. Mkapa said if Dr. Nyerere were alive today, he would be “aghast” with the way Africa is conducting itself with the rest of the world.
“If there are any skeptics in your country about President Mugabe’s vision, they will come to understand better in future.
“Even here, we had our skeptics; we still have (them). When we changed to the multi-party system here, the opposition said we are coming with vigour and our party is finished. But all they wanted was to get into power. Press them about what they will change: nothing.
“So, it’s just power for power’s sake — nothing. And pretty soon, the population will begin to realise that these are just big talkers and nothing else.
“You will find them losing by-elections, losing elections and so on. Of course, they will tell you it’s the government oppressing them.”
Regarding Zimbabwe’s lead in the economic struggle, he said, “It will not be pushed around. It has charted its own development path and it has taken back its land, now its resources and it has defined its destiny.
“That’s the best way. In terms of co-operation with your neighbours, you are ready, but the other neighbours may be somewhat slow because of influences I don’t want to talk about. So, what further evidence of true independence would one want? Setting the economic independence wheels in motion.”
Asked if Africa is still on the path of the vision that was set by its Founding Fathers, he said, “Well, in terms of proclamations, it is, but in terms of real movement (laughs) very, very slowly. I contrast, for instance, the pace with which the Frontline States were helping the freedom movement in Southern Africa. They would meet, not for photographs, you know. Not for those photo opportunities you see these days. No.
“They would meet there and appraise each other. Where are you? What is happening in your country? How can we solve this and this? After this they would assign tasks. Zambia, you do this.
“Mozambique you do this. We will do this. We will do this. That’s how we were able to combine energies and fight the struggle.
“Then we have said we are going to try and integrate the economies. I find we are not moving as fast and earnestly as we did during the political struggle.
“So, you may have your summits, photographs taken, but actually moves on economic co-operation in investment, in trade and so on, just too slow.”
The former Tanzania leader threw his weight behind the call by President Mugabe for Africa to honour his country’s Founding Father, Dr Julius Nyerere, for the role he played in liberating African countries from colonial oppression.
Dr. Mkapa also explained for the first time why he could not take up the mediation role in the stand-off between Zimbabwe and Britain, saying he is too partisan on the issue due to the historical ties between Zimbabwe and his country.
“Because I am partisan. I am giving you an honest answer. I am partisan on those matters, really. What can you mediate? No, no in this instance I was partisan. I don’t want to bloat my partisanship on this issue, but, no, I couldn’t mediate. Mediate what?
“We played a part in the liberation of Zimbabwe and look I am partisan when it comes to that independence. You know one of the memorable moments in my life I vividly remember was being at Rufaro Stadium, the flag going up and the British flag going down.
“I represented Tanzania during those independence celebrations. I almost cried. I couldn’t believe it. Absolutely. I was Foreign Minister and Dr. Nyerere sent me.
“After all that we had gone through and you people had sacrificed so much to get the Brits to lower their thing.
“Now you want me to mediate? Mediate what? Everything is clear. I couldn’t take up the mediation. I am too partisan when it comes to Zimbabwe. No. No. No.
“Zimbabwe is too dear to me.”
By: Munyaradzi Huni
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When wrapping up a fuel cap area with vinyl wrap film, most installers tend to make the blade of the knife parallel to the cap side (which can also be called an empty side), and cut along the edge there.
The cut itself is clean and symmetrical without problems. However, it is not necessarily a full coverage, especially when you are wrapping with a full print vinyl wrap film.
When you look at the top of the gas cap from above, you would see the original color of the vehicle. It can really stand out, especially if it is a light color car.
Here is one efficient way to solve this problem:
Separate the gas cap into a top section and a bottom section when you cut (You can use masking tape to do the separation). Cut on the rear fender side (which can also be called a solid side) on the top section, while changing to cut on the empty side at the bottom.
Cut it all the way around the top section. As for the bottom area, switch the cut from the top section, cut the left bottom side and the right bottom side. It does not matter which half of the bottom side you cut first. Just do not cut the bottom all the way around, as you want your whole cut to be uniform.
When the cutting is done, use your finger to go around the fuel cap, tucking the material to the side. Use your squeegee to seal the edge of the bottom section.
Then, open up the cap, seal the vinyl wrap film around the top section as well. And because there is extra material at the top now, there is a little tension, and you will need to apply heat to relax the film there.
When everything is done, close the gas cap. Use your finger and squeegee to go around the side, ensuring the whole edge is adequately sealed. By now, you will have a completely covered and long-lasting finish. Learn more wrap tips at www.teckwrap.com
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://teckwrap.com/en-pt/blogs/car-wrap-tips/fuel-cap-in-perfect-full-coverage-with-vinyl-wrap-film
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Via the KSA MOH MERS page: Health: recording cases of infection (Corona) new in Al-Ahsa and Riyadh.
In the context of the work of epidemiological investigation and ongoing follow-up carried out by the Ministry of Health for the virus (Corona) that causes Acquired Middle East respiratory MERS CoV, Ministry announces the registration of the case of HIV infection for citizen province of Al-Ahsa, at the age of 58 years old, suffering several chronic diseases, and receives the necessary care, God asking him a speedy recovery.
The Ministry announces the registration of the case of HIV infection for citizenship in Riyadh, at the age of 81 years, suffering several chronic diseases, has passed away, Ngmayora he rest in peace.
These bring the numbers to 147 cases and 61 deaths. For some reason, we rarely hear about earlier cases, whether they die or recover or simply remain in hospital.
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http://crofsblogs.typepad.com/h5n1/2014/02/saudi-arabia-two-more-mers-cases-one-death.html
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Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations ? the meaning of undertakings
01 July 2015
Daniel Barnett’s employment law bulletin summarises:
“Undertaking” means a legal entity, namely the employer. There cannot be more than one undertaking within a single employer.
Pursuant to the Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 2004, the Appellants made a request that their employer negotiate an agreement in respect of information and consultation of employees. To be valid, a request must be made by at least 10% of the employees in the undertaking. The Appellants comprised 28 employees (13%) of 210 employees allocated to a specific contract. The Respondent had 9,200 employees in total, of which the Appellants comprised 0.3%.
The Appellants argued that an undertaking did not have to be the employer and instead could constitute a distinct group of employees within the employer’s organisation. Any other interpretation, they argued, would lead to employees in large multi-site corporations, being deprived of any meaningful protection.
Langstaff P. did not agree and held:
- The Regulations envisage 'undertaking' as a legal entity capable of being the employer of employees serving it under a contract of employment.
- The distinction between undertaking and establishment in the Directive would lack meaning if a separate grouping of employees could constitute an undertaking.
The EAT found that on the facts as found by the CAC Panel, the appeal could not succeed. A reference to CJEU was refused.
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https://www.cipp.org.uk/resources/news/eatice.html
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New Lens Technology
Designer frames look good, but eyeglasses lenses are what allow you to see well.
Ask about specialty eyeglasses lenses for your new frames.
Designer frames may help you look good, but the eyeglasses lenses are what allow you to see well. There are many options to customize your lenses to be lighter in weight, non-glare,no-line bifocals, ideal for computer-use, and Transitions that offer sun protection when activated. We also offer various material options that include crisper, clearer optics to give you not only the most optimal vision, but also the most cosmetically -pleasing eyewear available anywhere!
Transitions®: Transitions Changeable lenses make your eyes more comfortable because they are designed to adapt to any light. They darken in the sunlight and lighten back to clear when you go indoors.
No-line bifiocals: No-line progressive bifiocals by Varilux allow you to see better because they provide clear, comfortable vision at all distances. There are no age revealing lines on the Varilux lenses, so no one needs to know you are wearing bifocals. High-performance digital lenses by Varilux give you the best clarity and fit possible.
Anti-reflective coating (also known as anti-glare): Crizal anti-reflection lenses help you see and look your best. In simple terms ,the coating is actually layers of filters on the front and back surface of your lenses that allow all of the light to pass through the lens instead of bouncing back as a reflection. They are durable, easy to clean, and resist surface static. The most important feature is that the filters increase the amount of light that passes through the lens so you see better, clearer and sharper than before. Anti-reflective coatings make your lenses look almost invisible.
Computer lenses: These new technology lenses are designed to enable your eyes to relax at the computer. They are designed to give you comfort and vision for close and intermediate distances. While these lenses are primarily designed for computer use, they work great for anyone requiring clear intermediate and near vision, including musicians, architects, accountants, surgeons, and many others. They are available in plastic, glass and polycarbonate, single vision and progressive lenses too.
Polarized lenses: Squint no more! In simplest terms a polarized lens is a high-tech sunglass filter that eliminates glare and allows light to pass through the lens in only one direction (sort of like mini-blinds). It also provides 100% UV protection for your eyes. Without a doubt, it’s the lens of choice for driving, fishing, skiing, golfing and all sunny outdoor activities.
No-line progressive lenses: These miracle workers offer distance, intermediate and reading prescriptions in one pair of glasses to satisfy all your vision needs. The technology behind these lenses has evolved to such a high level of precision that virtually anyone can now comfortably wear their progressives all day with absolute natural ease.
Customized progressive lenses: These progressive lenses are the first to be designed specifically and uniquely for each individual wearer. We take your precise head and eye measurements and factor in your Rx parameters to design completely customized progressive lenses just for you.
Hi-Index Lenses: These thin lenses come in a wide range of choices, especially for strong prescriptions, but all basically feature flatter front curves, resulting in thinner, lighter lenses. They offer superior optics and are ideal for rimless and thinner metal frames.
Polycarbonate: The strongest of all optical lenses, these are recommended by the FDA for sports and safety and work best with most rimless frame styles. Think about your lifestyle needs and ask if these are the missing piece from your wardrobe.
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<urn:uuid:989fb8e5-1f30-4189-9fde-4a44006eaa6c>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ridgefieldvisioncenter.com/eyeglasses-lenses-richmond-virginia/
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Chemissian is an analyzing tool of molecules electronic structure and spectra. It can manipulate molecular orbital energy-level diagrams (Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham orbitals), calculated and experimental UV-VIS electronic spectra, Natural transition orbitals, electronic/spin density maps and prepare them for publication. Chemissian has a user-friendly graphical interface and lets you examine and visualize data from the output of Gaussian, US-Gamess, Firefly/PC-Gamess, Q-Chem, Molpro, NWChem, ORCA, Turbomole and Spartan quantum chemical program packages. Chemissian tools helps you to investigate nature of transitions in UV-vis spectra, bonding nature, etc.
For the news see news page
Build Molecular Orbitals energy level diagrams
- Due to the integrated graphical editor it is easy to add text labels to the diagrams, make connector lines between MO energy levels, text labels, occupy the energy levels with the electrons:
- You can analyze the electronic structure of molecules: you can move between energy levels simply using the keyboard cursor buttons and in a useful way obtain information about contributions to the current molecular orbital from atoms or molecular fragments and present the data in the most useful and demonstrative way: on the contribution diagram or directly on the MOs themselves:
Build, visualize and interpret UV-Visible Spectra from Gamess, Firefly, Gaussian, Spartan and Q-Chem outputs
Chemissian with its exciting and unsurpassed graphical analyzer of properties and composition of MOs, has the wide range of capabilities for analysis of electronic spectra of molecules. Chemissian offer tools for building electronic UV/VIS spectra directly from quantum-chemical data from GAMESS, Firefly(PC-GAMESS), GAUSSIAN, Spartan, NWChem or Q-Chem output files:
- Build spectrum in one step: just load Gamess/Firefly/Gaussian/Q-Chem/Spartan output with TDDFT/CIS data.
- Having experimental spectra you can compare it with the calculated ones on the single diagram in the same wavelength scale.
- Any number of spectra may be added on single diagram, which is useful, e.g. when solvent influence on the spectrum is considered.
- Like in MOs editor it is possible to move between spectra peaks and correlate the current peak with transitions between MO energy levels:
- Chemissian allows editing the obtained spectrum diagram by adding text labels and other graphical objects. Different energy units are available.
- Using Chemissian tools it is easy to investigate the nature of spectra transitions, e.g. metal-to-ligand charge transfer, ligand-to-ligand charge transfer, pi-pi*, etc. based on information about the compositions of molecular orbitals from output files of Gamess/Firefly/Gaussian/Q-Chem/Spartan.
- Calculating and visualizing natural transition orbitals:
Analyze electronic density distribution
- Using Chemissian you can analyze electronic and spin density distribution, difference (also called "defomation") density, individual molecular orbital, and arbitrary linear combination of them (e.g. for plotting Fukui functions):
- Chemissian can build the distributions as a three-dimensional Surfaces,
- two-dimensional contour maps or
- Build distribution along the given line (one-dimensional).
- To build densities only standart gamess/Firefly/gaussian/Q-Chem/Molpro(Molden)/Spartan output file is used, e.g. no cube-files are needed.
Calculate populations and valences
- Chemissian can calculate Mulliken and Simple populations of AOs, Shells, "Spherical Harmonics", Atoms or molecular fragments (any group of atoms):
- Also you can choose to calculate valences of AOs, Shells,"Spherical Harmonics", Atoms and fragments:
- Analyze molecular orbital composition - calculate contributions from atomic orbitals, atoms, molecular fragments, shells, etc. to the MOs:
Calculate quantum-chemical bond order indexes and overlap populations
- Use Chemissian to investigate bonding nature in the molecules - calculate quantum-chemical bond order indexes and overlap populations for every bond in molecule. You can also analyze "generalized bond, e.g. "bond" between molecular fragments.
Work with several calculations at the same time
In a single document accumulate and analyze results of several calculations, e.g. load one/several calculation from Gaussian output file, another from Q-Chem or gamess output, etc. Simple example: having you the source reagents and the final reaction product you want to understand the changes that have occurred on the electronic structure level - you may add several calculations (reagent and product) at the same diagram, and they will be presented in the common energy scale, you can switch between different calculations, compare and analyze electronic structures all the participants at the same time.
Save the results in a single file
Save the obtained document in a special file format, which allows to keep all data in a single compressed file (uncompressed wave function takes up a lot of disk space!); at any time you will be able to open and continue working with the saved document, analyze, edit the data, send it to your colleagues.
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<urn:uuid:a2cbe61a-8ae9-469c-b59a-ef9150c97c7d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://chemissian.com/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00009-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.846812
| 1,119
| 2.15625
| 2
|
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